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WO2019055414A2 - Système de réduction du stress et de promotion du sommeil - Google Patents

Système de réduction du stress et de promotion du sommeil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019055414A2
WO2019055414A2 PCT/US2018/050463 US2018050463W WO2019055414A2 WO 2019055414 A2 WO2019055414 A2 WO 2019055414A2 US 2018050463 W US2018050463 W US 2018050463W WO 2019055414 A2 WO2019055414 A2 WO 2019055414A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sleep
sensor
layer
user
stress reduction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/050463
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2019055414A4 (fr
WO2019055414A3 (fr
Inventor
Todd YOUNGBLOOD
Tara YOUNGBLOOD
Original Assignee
Youngblood Ip Holdings, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US15/705,829 external-priority patent/US10986933B2/en
Priority claimed from US15/848,816 external-priority patent/US11013883B2/en
Application filed by Youngblood Ip Holdings, Llc filed Critical Youngblood Ip Holdings, Llc
Priority to AU2018332812A priority Critical patent/AU2018332812B2/en
Priority to CN201880073899.6A priority patent/CN111344033A/zh
Priority to JP2020536912A priority patent/JP2020534118A/ja
Priority to EP18856293.8A priority patent/EP3681576A4/fr
Publication of WO2019055414A2 publication Critical patent/WO2019055414A2/fr
Publication of WO2019055414A3 publication Critical patent/WO2019055414A3/fr
Publication of WO2019055414A4 publication Critical patent/WO2019055414A4/fr
Priority to AU2024204146A priority patent/AU2024204146A1/en

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Classifications

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    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D15/00—Devices not covered by group F25D11/00 or F25D13/00, e.g. non-self-contained movable devices
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Definitions

  • This invention relates broadly and generally to articles, methods, and systems for stress reduction and sleep promotion.
  • U. S. Patent No. 4,858,609 for bright light mask by inventor Cole is directed to a bright light mask system for shining a high intensity light into a subject's eyes at preselected time periods to modify circadian rhythms.
  • the system includes a mask adapted to be worn by the subject for covering the subject's eyes regardless of body position.
  • the mask includes at least one light admitting aperture that is transparent to light energy.
  • a light source is coupled to the aperture for generating and directing light into the subject's eyes.
  • a light intensity of at least 2000 LUX of light having a wavelength in the range of 500 to 600 nanometers is delivered to each of the subject's eyes.
  • a controller dictates the intensity of the light generated and the timing during which the light is on.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,304,112 for stress reduction system and method by inventors Mrklas et al, filed October 16, 1991 and issued April 19, 1994, is directed to an integrated stress reduction system that detects the stress level of a subject and displays a light pattern reflecting the relationship between the subject's stress level and a target level.
  • the system provides relaxing visual, sound, tactile, environmental, and other effects to aid the subject in reducing his or her stress level to the target level.
  • the intensity, type, and duration of the relaxing effects are controlled by a computer program in response to the measured stress level.
  • the light pattern stress level display uses a laser which is deflected on one axis by a measured stress level signal and on a second axis perpendicular to the first by a target signal representing the target stress level.
  • the pattern produced is more complex when the two signals do not coincide, and becomes a less complex geometric figure as the subject's stress level approaches the target.
  • U. S. Publication No. 20020080035 for system for awaking a user by inventor Youdenko, filed June 20, 2001 and published June 27, 2002, is directed to an invention relating to an alarm clock system.
  • the system according to the invention comprises sensor means for measuring ambient parameters.
  • a user's body parameters are monitored so as to determine in which stage of sleep he is.
  • Properties of the wake-up stimulus, such as sound volume of the stimulus or moment of generation of the stimulus, are adjusted in dependence on the inferred stage of sleep.
  • U. S. Patent No. 6,484,062 for computer system for stress relaxation and operating method of the same by inventor Kim, filed November 30, 1999 and issued November 19, 2002, is directed to a computer system provided to relax stresses such as fatigue, VDT syndrome, occupational diseases or psychogenic possibly gained from long hours of computer usage.
  • This new computer system is able to divert the negative effects of conventional computer to affirmative effects by introducing the aroma therapy.
  • the new computer system provides not only the data programs of establishing, playing execution and controlling, but also the stress relief program comprising acoustic therapy, color therapy, fragrance therapy and tactual therapy and a stress perception program.
  • the stress relief program is operated by an emission device through a converter.
  • the equipment of the stress relief is installed on a peripheral device of computer such as a speaker, keyboard or monitor.
  • the new concept of computer system for stress relaxation originates a combination of the computer system and the natural therapies applied the human senses like sight, hearing, feeling and smelling senses. With this new computer system, the computer user has a merit of stress relief during the computer operating.
  • U. S. Publication No. 20040049132 for device for body activity detection and processing by inventors Barron et al, filed December 9, 2002 and published March 11, 2004, is directed to a method and device for monitoring a body activity.
  • the device has an actimetry sensor for measuring the activity and storage means for receiving data from the actimetry sensor.
  • the data are analysed according to a method using summation algorithm, where a plurality of parameters relating to the activity are summed to provide advisory information relating to that activity.
  • the analysis may include pre-programmed biasing constants or user supplied biasing constants.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,041,049 for sleep guidance system and related methods by inventor Raniere filed November 21, 2003 and issued May 9, 2006, is directed to a sleep efficiency monitor and methods for pacing and leading a sleeper through an optimal sleep pattern.
  • Embodiments of the present invention include a physiological characteristic monitor for monitoring the sleep stages of a sleeper, a sensory stimulus generator for generating stimulus to affect the sleep stages of a sleeper, and a processor for determining what sleep stage the sleeper is in and what sensory stimulus is needed to cause the sleeper to move to another sleep stage.
  • a personalized sleep profile may also be established for the sleeper and sleep guided in accordance with the profile parameters to optimize a sleep session. By providing sensory stimulus to a sleeper, the sleeper may be guided through the various sleep stages in an optimal pattern so that the sleeper awakens refreshed even if sleep is disrupted during the night or the sleeper's allotted sleep period is different than usual.
  • Embodiments of the invention also involve calibration of the sleep guidance system to a particular sleeper.
  • U.S. Publication No. 20060293602 for sleep management device by inventor Clark, filed April 8, 2004 and published December 28, 2006, is directed to a short sleep/nap management apparatus and method.
  • the apparatus has sensor means to detect one or more physiological parameters associated with a transition in sleep stages from wakefulness, processing means to process the parameters to determine when the transition is reached and start the timer to run for a predetermined period, and alarm means to actuate at the end of said predetermined period to awaken the user.
  • U.S. Publication No. 20060293608 for device for and method of predicting a user's sleep state by inventors Rothman et al, filed February 28, 2005 and published December 28, 2006, is directed to a device and a method for waking a user in a desired sleep state.
  • the device may predict an occurrence when the user will be in the desired sleep state, such as light sleep, and wake the user during that predicted occurrence.
  • a user may set a wake- up time representing the latest possible time that the user would like to be awakened. The occurrence closest to the wake-up time when the user will be in light sleep may be predicted, thereby allowing the user to sleep as long as possible, while awakening in light sleep.
  • the user's sleep state may be monitored during the night or sleep experience and the monitored information may be used in predicting when the user will be in the desired sleep state.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,248,915 for natural alarm clock by inventor Ronnholm is directed to a mobile terminal having capability to determine when a user should be stimulated toward an awake state.
  • the terminal includes a receiver for receiving a sleep descriptor signal indicative of at least one sleep characteristic of the user, and also includes a signal processing module for processing the sleep descriptor signal.
  • the signal processing module is arranged to provide, at least partly in response to the sleep descriptor signal, a stimulation signal indicative that the user should be stimulated.
  • the mobile terminal is also usable for communication by the user in the awake state.
  • This invention further includes a method, system, and monitor to be used with the mobile terminal in order to stimulate the user toward an awake state.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,306,567 for easy wake wrist watch by inventor Loree, filed January 10, 2005 and issued December 11, 2007, is directed to a device that monitors a user's sleep cycles and operates to sound an alarm to awaken the user at an optimal point within a sleep cycle.
  • the device begins to monitor a wearer's sleep cycles by identifying the points in time at which the wearer moves his or her body limbs. As the alarm time is approached, the device can trigger the alarm earlier if the wearer is at an optimal point in the sleep cycle or, even retard the triggering of the alarm if the optimal point in the sleep cycle is expected to occur shortly.
  • U.S. Publication No. 20080234785 for sleep controlling apparatus and method, and computer program product thereof by inventors Nakayama et al, filed September 13, 2007 and published September 25, 2008, is directed to a sleep controlling apparatus that includes a measuring unit that measures biological information of a subject; a first detecting unit that detects a sleeping state of the subject selected from the group consisting of a falling asleep state, a REM sleep state, a light non-REM sleep state and a deep non-REM sleep state, based on the biological information measured by the measuring unit; a first stimulating unit that applies a first stimulus of an intensity lower than a predetermined threshold value to the subject when the light non-REM sleep state is detected by the first detecting unit; and a second stimulating unit that applies a second stimulus of an intensity higher than the first stimulus after the first stimulus is applied to the subject.
  • HRV Heart rate variability
  • HRV Heart rate variability
  • an individual may use the results of HRV tests to monitor either improvement or deterioration of specific health issues.
  • HRV test is as a medical motivator. When an individual has a poor HRV result, it is an indicator that they should consult their physician and make appropriate changes where applicable to improve their health.
  • the inventive monitor is capable of monitoring the stages of sleep by changes in the heart rate variability and can record the sleep (or rest) sessions with the resulting data accessible by the user or other interested parties.
  • Alternate embodiments of the invention allow assistance in the diagnosis and monitoring of various cardiovascular and sleep breathing disorders and/or conditions.
  • Other embodiments allow communication with internal devices such as defibrillators or drug delivery mechanisms.
  • Still other embodiments analyze HRV data to assist the user in avoiding sleep.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,524,279 for sleep and environment control method and system by inventor Auphan, filed December 29, 2004 and issued April 28, 2009, is directed to a sleep system that includes sensors capable of gathering sleep data from a person and environmental data during a sleep by the person.
  • a processor executes instructions that analyze this data and control the sleep of the person and the environment surrounding the person.
  • the instructions are loaded in a memory where they execute to generate an objective measure of sleep quality from the sleep data from the person and gather environmental data during the sleep by the person.
  • the instructions receive a subjective measure of sleep quality from the person after the sleep, create a sleep quality index from the objective measure of sleep quality and subjective measure of sleep quality, correlate the sleep quality index and a current sleep system settings with a historical sleep quality index and corresponding historical sleep system settings.
  • the instructions then may modify the current set of sleep system settings depending on the correlation between the sleep quality index and the historic sleep quality index. These sleep system settings control and potentially change one or more different elements of an environment associated with the sleep system.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,608,041 for monitoring and control of sleep cycles by inventor Sutton is directed to a system including: a monitor for monitoring a user's sleep cycles; a processor which counts the sleep cycles to provide a sleep cycle count and which selects an awakening time according to a decision algorithm including the sleep cycle count as an input; and an alarm for awakening the user at the awakening time.
  • a monitor for monitoring a user's sleep cycles a processor which counts the sleep cycles to provide a sleep cycle count and which selects an awakening time according to a decision algorithm including the sleep cycle count as an input
  • an alarm for awakening the user at the awakening time.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,699,785 for method for determining sleep stages by inventor Nemoto is directed to a method for determining sleep stages of an examinee, including detecting signals of the examinee with a biosignal detector, calculating a signal strength deviation value that indicates deviation of a signal strength of the detected signals, and determining a sleep stage by using the signal strength deviation value or a value of a plurality of values based on the signal strength deviation value as an indicator value.
  • U.S. Publication No. 20100100004 for skin temperature measurement in monitoring and control of sleep and alertness by inventor van Someren, filed December 15, 2008 and published April 22, 2010, is directed to a method of an arrangement for monitoring sleep in a subject by measuring within a prescribed interval skin temperature of a predetermined region of the subject's body and a motion sensor for sensing motion of the subject, comparing the measured skin temperature of the predetermined region with a predetermined temperature threshold, and classifying the subject as being asleep or awake based on whether the skin temperature of the predetermined region is above or below the temperature threshold and on the motion data.
  • the invention relates to methods of and arrangements for manipulating sleep, as well as monitoring or manipulating alertness.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,868,757 for method for the monitoring of sleep using an electronic device by inventors Radivojevic et al, filed December 29, 2006 and issued January 11, 2011, is directed to a method where sleep sensor signals are obtained to a mobile communication device from sensor devices.
  • the mobile communication device checks the sleep sensor signals for a sleep state transition, determines the type of the sleep state transition, forms control signals based on the type of the sleep state transition and sends the control signals to at least one electronic device.
  • U. S. Publication No. 20110015495 for method and system for managing a user's sleep by inventors Dothie et al, filed July 16, 2010 and published January 20, 2011, is directed to a sleep management method and system for improving the quality of sleep of a user which monitors one or more objective parameters relevant to sleep quality of the user when in bed and receives from the user in waking hours via a portable device such as a mobile phone feedback from objective test data on cognitive and/or psychomotor performance.
  • U.S. Publication No. 20110230790 for method and system for sleep monitoring, regulation and planning by inventor Kozlov, filed March 27, 2010 and published September 22, 2011, is directed to a method for operating a sleep phase actigraphy synchronized alarm clock that communicates with a remote sleep database, such as an internet server database, and compares user physiological parameters, sleep settings, and actigraphy data with a large database that may include data collected from a large number of other users with similar physiological parameters, sleep settings, and actigraphy data.
  • the remote server may use "black box" analysis approach by running supervised learning algorithms to analyze the database, producing sleep phase correction data which can be uploaded to the alarm clock, and be used by the alarm clock to further improve its REM sleep phase prediction accuracy.
  • U.S. Publication No. 20110267196 for system and method for providing sleep quality feedback by inventors Hu et al, filed May 3, 2011 and published November 3, 2011, is directed to a system and method for providing sleep quality feedback that includes receiving alarm input on a base device from a user; the base device communicating an alarm setting based on the alarm input to an individual sleep device; the individual sleep device collecting sleep data based on activity input of a user; the individual sleep device communicating sleep data to the base device; the base device calculating sleep quality feedback from the sleep data; communicating sleep quality feedback to a user; and the individual sleep device activating an alarm, wherein activating the alarm includes generating tactile feedback to the user according to the alarm setting.
  • 8,096,960 for easy wake device is directed to a device that monitors a user's sleep cycles and operates to sound an alarm to awaken the user at an optimal point within a sleep cycle.
  • the device begins to monitor a wearer's sleep cycles by identifying the points in time at which the wearer moves his or her body limbs. As the alarm time is approached, the device can trigger the alarm earlier if the wearer is at an optimal point in the sleep cycle or, even retard the triggering of the alarm if the optimal point in the sleep cycle is expected to occur shortly.
  • the device can be used to assist children in waking up to prevent bed wetting, or in a patient for obtaining light therapy.
  • U.S. Patent No. 8,179,270 for methods and systems for providing sleep conditions by inventors Rai et al, filed July 21, 2009 and issued May 15, 2012, is directed to a method for monitoring a sleep condition with a sleep scheduler wherein the method includes receiving a sleep parameter via an input receiver on the sleep scheduler. The method further includes associating the sleep parameter with an overall alertness and outputting a determined sleep condition based on the overall alertness.
  • a system for providing a sleep condition is further disclosed therein the system comprising includes a display, an input receiver operable to receive a sleep parameter, and a processor in communication with the display. The processor may be operable to determine an overall alertness associated with the sleep parameter and wherein the processor is operable to output a determined sleep condition based on the overall alertness.
  • U.S. Patent No. 8,290,596 for therapy program selection based on patient state by inventors Wei et al., filed September 25, 2008 and issued October 16, 2012, is directed to selecting a therapy program based on a patient state, where the patient state comprises at least one of a movement state, sleep state or speech state. In this way, therapy delivery is tailored to the patient state, which may include specific patient symptoms.
  • the therapy program is selected from a plurality of stored therapy programs that comprise therapy programs associated with a respective one at least two of the movement, sleep, and speech states.
  • determining a patient state include receiving volitional patient input or detecting biosignals generated within the patient's brain.
  • the biosignals are nonsymptomatic and may be incidental to the movement, sleep, and speech states or generated in response to volitional patient input.
  • U.S. Patent No. 8,348,840 for device and method to monitor, assess and improve quality of sleep by inventors Heit et al., filed February 4, 2010 and issued January 8, 2013, is directed to a medical sleep disorder arrangement that integrates into current diagnosis and treatment procedures to enable a health care professional to diagnose and treat a plurality of subjects suffering from insomnia.
  • the arrangement may include both environmental sensors and body-worn sensors that measure the environmental conditions and the condition of the individual patient.
  • the data may be collected and processed to measure clinically relevant attributes of sleep quality automatically.
  • These automatically determined measures, along with the original sensor data, may be aggregated and shared remotely with the health care professional.
  • a communication apparatus enables the healthcare professional to remotely communicate with and further assess the patient and subsequently administer the treatment. Thus, a more accurate diagnosis and more effective treatment is provided while reducing the required clinician time per patient for treatment delivery.
  • U.S. Publication No. 20130060306 for efficient circadian and related system modulation with a sleep mask by inventor Colbauch, filed April 25, 2011 and published March 7, 2013, is directed to providing light therapy to a subject through a sleep mask.
  • the sleep mask is configured to deliver electromagnetic radiation to the closed eyelids of the subject within a defined optimal wavelength band that is therapeutically impactful in modulating circadian and related systems of the subject.
  • U.S. Patent No. 8,529,457 for system and kit for stress and relaxation management by inventors Devot et al, filed August 20, 2010 and issued September 10, 2013, is directed to a system and a kit for stress and relaxation management.
  • a cardiac activity sensor is used for measuring the heart rate variability (HRV) signal of the user and a respiration sensor for measuring the respiratory signal of the user.
  • the system contains a user interaction device having an input unit for receiving user specific data and an output unit for providing information output to the user.
  • a processor is used to assess the stress level of the user by determining a user related stress index.
  • the processor is also used to monitor the user during a relaxation exercise by means of determining a relaxation index based on the measured HRV and respiratory signals, the relaxation index being continuously adapted to the incoming measured signals and based thereon the processor instructs the output unit to provide the user with biofeedback and support messages.
  • the processor uses the user specific data as an input in generating a first set of rules defining an improvement plan for self-management of stress and relaxation.
  • the first set of rules is adapted to trigger commands instructing the output unit to provide the user with motivation related messages.
  • at least a portion of said user specific data is further used to define a second set of rules indicating the user's personal goals.
  • U.S. Publication No. 20130234823 for method and apparatus to provide an improved sleep experience by selecting an optimal next sleep state for a user by inventors Kahn et al., filed February 28, 2013 and published September 12, 2013, is directed to a sleep sensing system comprising a sensor to obtain real-time information about a user, a sleep state logic to determine the user's current sleep state based on the real-time information.
  • the system further comprising a sleep stage selector to select an optimal next sleep state for the user, and a sound output system to output sounds to guide the user from the current sleep state to the optimal next sleep state.
  • U.S. Patent No. 8,617,044 for stress reduction by inventors Pelgrim et al, filed June 5, 2009 and issued December 31, 2013, is directed to a method and system for reducing stress in a working environment.
  • a conditioning phase a positive association of a sensory stimulus, such as a scent, image and/or sound with a relaxed feeling is created.
  • the "relaxing" stimulus will be used as a de-stressor in the usage phase. That is, when it is detected that the user is stressed, the "relaxing" stimulus is released to reduce stress.
  • U.S. Patent No. 8,768,520 for systems and methods for controlling a bedroom environment and for providing sleep data by inventors Oexman et al., filed November 14, 2008 and issued July 1, 2014, is directed to a system for controlling a bedroom environment that includes an environmental data collector configured to collect environmental data relating to the bedroom environment; a sleep data collector configured to collect sleep data relating to a person's state of sleep; an analysis unit configured to analyze the collected environmental data and the collected sleep data and to determine an adjustment of the bedroom environment that promotes sleep of the person; and a controller configured to effect the adjustment of the bedroom environment.
  • a method for controlling a bedroom environment includes collecting
  • U.S. Patent No. 9,196,479 for methods and systems for gathering human biological signals and controlling a bed device by inventors Franceschetti et al, filed June 5, 2015 and issued November 17, 2015, is directed to methods and systems for an adjustable bed device configured to: gather biological signals associated with multiple users, such as heart rate, breathing rate, or temperature; analyze the gathered human biological signals; and heat or cool a bed based on the analysis.
  • U.S. Publication No. 20160151603 for methods and systems for sleep management by inventors Shouldice et al., filed December 21, 2015 and published June 2, 2016, is directed to a processing system including methods to promote sleep.
  • the system may include a monitor such as a non-contact motion sensor from which sleep information may be determined.
  • User sleep information such as sleep stages, hypnograms, sleep scores, mind recharge scores and body scores, may be recorded, evaluated and/or displayed for a user.
  • the system may further monitor ambient and/or environmental conditions corresponding to sleep sessions.
  • Sleep advice may be generated based on the sleep information, user queries and/or environmental conditions from one or more sleep sessions. Communicated sleep advice may include content to promote good sleep habits and/or detect risky sleep conditions.
  • any one or more of a bedside unit sensor module, a smart processing device, such as a smart phone or smart device, and network servers may be implemented to perform the methodologies of the system.
  • U.S. Publication No. 20170053068 for methods for enhancing wellness associated with habitable environments is directed to controlling environmental characteristics of habitable environments (e.g., hotel or motel rooms, spas, resorts, cruise boat cabins, offices, hospitals and/or homes, apartments or residences) to eliminate, reduce or ameliorate adverse or harmful aspects and introduce, increase or enhance beneficial aspects in order to improve a "wellness" or sense of "wellbeing” provided via the environments.
  • Control of intensity and wavelength distribution of passive and active illumination addresses various issues, symptoms or syndromes, for instance to maintain a circadian rhythm or cycle, adjust for "jet lag" or season affective disorder, etc.
  • Air quality and attributes are controlled. Scent(s) may be dispersed. Noise is reduced and sounds (e.g., masking, music, natural) may be provided.
  • Environmental and biometric feedback is provided.
  • the present invention relates to articles, methods, and systems for stress reduction and sleep promotion.
  • the present invention provides a stress reduction and sleep promotion system including at least one remote device and an article for adjusting a temperature of a surface, wherein the article further includes a first layer, wherein the first layer has an exterior surface and an interior surface, a second layer, wherein the second layer has an exterior surface and an interior surface, and wherein the second layer is permanently affixed to the first layer along a periphery of the article, at least one interior chamber defined between the interior surface of the first layer and the interior surface of the second layer, at least one flexible fluid supply line for delivering a fluid to the at least one interior chamber, at least one flexible fluid return line for removing the fluid from the at least one interior chamber, and at least one control unit attached to the at least one flexible fluid supply line and the at least one flexible fluid return line, wherein the at least one control unit is operable to selectively cool or heat the fluid, and wherein the at least one control unit has at least one antenna and at least one processor, wherein the at least one remote device and the at least one control
  • the present invention provides a stress reduction and sleep promotion system including at least one body sensor, at least one remote device, at least one remote server, and an article for adjusting a temperature of a surface
  • the article further includes a first layer, wherein the first layer has an exterior surface and an interior surface, a second layer, wherein the second layer has an exterior surface and an interior surface, and wherein the second layer is permanently affixed to the first layer along a periphery of the article, at least one interior chamber defined between the interior surface of the first layer and the interior surface of the second layer, at least one flexible fluid supply line for delivering a fluid to the at least one interior chamber, at least one flexible fluid return line for removing the fluid from the at least one interior chamber, and at least one control unit attached to the at least one flexible fluid supply line and the at least one flexible fluid return line, wherein the at least one control unit is operable to selectively cool or heat the fluid, and wherein the at least one control unit has at least one antenna and at least one processor, where
  • the present invention provides a stress reduction and sleep promotion system including at least one body sensor, at least one remote device, at least one remote server, a pulsed electromagnetic frequency device, wherein the pulsed
  • electromagnetic frequency device further includes at least one inductor coil, a power supply coupled to a circuit that produces an alternating current (AC) or a direct current (DC) output that is transmitted to the at least one inductor coil, at least one antenna, and at least one processor, and an article for adjusting a temperature of a surface
  • the article further includes a first layer, wherein the first layer has an exterior surface and an interior surface, a second layer, wherein the second layer has an exterior surface and an interior surface, and wherein the second layer is permanently affixed to the first layer along a periphery of the article, at least one interior chamber defined between the interior surface of the first layer and the interior surface of the second layer, at least one flexible fluid supply line for delivering a fluid to the at least one interior chamber, at least one flexible fluid return line for removing the fluid from the at least one interior chamber, and at least one control unit attached to the at least one flexible fluid supply line and the at least one flexible fluid return line, wherein the at least one control unit is operable to selectively cool or
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the effects of a stressor on the body.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the stress reduction and sleep promotion system.
  • FIG. 3 is an environmental perspective view of a temperature-regulated mattress pad having two surface temperature zones connected to respective thermoelectric control units according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the exemplary control unit demonstrating the quick connection/disconnection of the flexible fluid supply and return lines.
  • FIG. 5 is a side schematic view showing various internal components of the exemplary control unit fluidly connected to the mattress pad.
  • FIG. 6 is a top schematic view of the exemplary control unit.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the difference between structured water and unstructured water.
  • FIG. 8A illustrates one embodiment of a mattress pad with three independent temperature zones.
  • FIG. 8B illustrates one embodiment of a double mattress pad with three independent temperature zones for both users.
  • FIG. 8C illustrates one embodiment of a mattress pad with three independent temperature zones connected to at least one remote device.
  • FIG. 9A illustrates a cross-section of a mattress pad with two layers of waterproof material.
  • FIG. 9B illustrates a cross-section of a mattress pad with two layers of waterproof material and two layers of a second material.
  • FIG. 9C illustrates a cross-section of a mattress pad with two layers of waterproof material and a spacer layer.
  • FIG. 9D illustrates a cross-section of a mattress pad with two layers of waterproof material, two layers of a second material, and a spacer layer.
  • FIG. 1 [0061]
  • FIG. 1 [0064]
  • FIG. 18 is another top perspective view of a double mattress pad.
  • FIG. 19 is a view of the corner of a double mattress pad.
  • FIG. 20 is another view of the corner of a double mattress pad.
  • FIG. 21 is a view of another embodiment of a mattress pad.
  • FIG. 22A illustrates a graph of a sleep cycle for a normal sleeper.
  • FIG. 22B illustrates a graph of a sleep cycle for a restless sleeper.
  • FIG. 22C illustrates a graph of a sleep cycle for a temperature-manipulated sleeper.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates an embodiment of a PEMF device with three coils.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates the electromagnetic fields produced by the PEMF device of FIG.
  • FIG. 25 shows a table of frequencies and the effects on tissues.
  • FIG. 26 illustrates selected acupressure points located in the upper body.
  • FIG. 27 illustrates one embodiment of an integrated bed system.
  • FIG. 28 illustrates one embodiment of a headboard of an integrated bed system.
  • FIG. 29 illustrates one embodiment of a footboard of an integrated bed system.
  • FIG. 30 illustrates one embodiment of a red light and/or near-infrared lighting device of an integrated bed system.
  • FIG. 31 illustrates one embodiment of a combination mattress pad and red light and/or near-infrared lighting device.
  • FIG. 32 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the system architecture.
  • FIG. 33 is an illustration of a network of stress reduction and sleep promotion systems.
  • FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating an example process for monitoring a stress reduction and sleep promotion system and updating a virtual model based on monitored data.
  • FIG. 35 illustrates a home screen of one embodiment of a graphical user interface (GUI) for a mobile application.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • FIG. 36 illustrates a schedule screen of one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • FIG. 37 illustrates another schedule screen of one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • FIG. 38 illustrates a sleep screen of one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • FIG. 39 illustrates a goal settings screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • FIG. 40 illustrates a progress screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • FIG. 41 illustrates a profile screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • FIG. 42 illustrates another profile screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • FIG. 43 illustrates yet another profile screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • FIG. 44 illustrates an add sleep profile screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • FIG. 45 illustrates a dashboard screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • FIG. 46 illustrates a profile screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application allowing for segmented sleep.
  • FIG. 47 illustrates a dashboard screen for another embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • FIG. 48 illustrates a treatment summary screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • FIG. 49 is a diagram illustrating an example process of a user interacting with the mobile application before a sleeping period.
  • FIG. 50 is a diagram illustrating an example process of a user interacting with the mobile application after a sleeping period.
  • FIG. 51 shows a schematic diagram illustrating general components of a cloud-based computer system.
  • the present invention is generally directed to articles, methods, and systems for stress reduction and sleep promotion.
  • the present invention provides a stress reduction and sleep promotion system including at least one remote device and an article for adjusting a temperature of a surface, wherein the article further includes a first layer, wherein the first layer has an exterior surface and an interior surface, a second layer, wherein the second layer has an exterior surface and an interior surface, and wherein the second layer is permanently affixed to the first layer along a periphery of the article, at least one interior chamber defined between the interior surface of the first layer and the interior surface of the second layer, at least one flexible fluid supply line for delivering a fluid to the at least one interior chamber, at least one flexible fluid return line for removing the fluid from the at least one interior chamber, and at least one control unit attached to the at least one flexible fluid supply line and the at least one flexible fluid return line, wherein the at least one control unit is operable to selectively cool or heat the fluid, and wherein the at least one control unit has at least one antenna and at least one processor, wherein the at least one remote device and the at least one control
  • the present invention provides a stress reduction and sleep promotion system including at least one body sensor, at least one remote device, at least one remote server, and an article for adjusting a temperature of a surface
  • the article further includes a first layer, wherein the first layer has an exterior surface and an interior surface, a second layer, wherein the second layer has an exterior surface and an interior surface, and wherein the second layer is permanently affixed to the first layer along a periphery of the article, at least one interior chamber defined between the interior surface of the first layer and the interior surface of the second layer, at least one flexible fluid supply line for delivering a fluid to the at least one interior chamber, at least one flexible fluid return line for removing the fluid from the at least one interior chamber, and at least one control unit attached to the at least one flexible fluid supply line and the at least one flexible fluid return line, wherein the at least one control unit is operable to selectively cool or heat the fluid, and wherein the at least one control unit has at least one antenna and at least one processor, where
  • the present invention provides a stress reduction and sleep promotion system including at least one body sensor, at least one remote device, at least one remote server, a pulsed electromagnetic frequency device, wherein the pulsed
  • electromagnetic frequency device further includes at least one inductor coil, a power supply coupled to a circuit that produces an alternating current (AC) or a direct current (DC) output that is transmitted to the at least one inductor coil, at least one antenna, and at least one processor, and an article for adjusting a temperature of a surface
  • the article further includes a first layer, wherein the first layer has an exterior surface and an interior surface, a second layer, wherein the second layer has an exterior surface and an interior surface, and wherein the second layer is permanently affixed to the first layer along a periphery of the article, at least one interior chamber defined between the interior surface of the first layer and the interior surface of the second layer, at least one flexible fluid supply line for delivering a fluid to the at least one interior chamber, at least one flexible fluid return line for removing the fluid from the at least one interior chamber, and at least one control unit attached to the at least one flexible fluid supply line and the at least one flexible fluid return line, wherein the at least one control unit is operable to selectively cool or
  • None of the prior art discloses an article for adjusting the temperature of a surface formed from a first layer and a second layer, wherein the second layer is permanently affixed to the first layer along a periphery of the article, and wherein at least one interior chamber constructed and configured to retain a fluid without leaking is defined between an interior surface of the first layer and an interior surface of the second layer. Further, none of the prior art discloses using such an article in a stress reduction and sleep promotion system to
  • the body reacts to stress through two systems: the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HP A) axis.
  • the autonomic nervous system which consists of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system, is responsible for reacting to short term ("acute") stress.
  • the sympathetic nervous system activates the "fight or flight response” through the sympathoadrenal medullary (SAM) axis.
  • SAM sympathoadrenal medullary
  • This causes the adrenal medulla to secrete catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine), which causes blood glucose levels to rise, blood vessels to constrict, heart rate to increase, and blood pressure to rise.
  • catecholamines e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine
  • Blood is diverted from nonessential organs to the heart and skeletal muscles, which leads to decreased digestive system activity and reduced urine output. Additionally, the metabolic rate increases and bronchioles dilate. The parasympathetic nervous system then returns the body to homeostasis.
  • the HPA axis is responsible for reacting to long term (“chronic") stress. This causes the adrenal cortex to secrete steroid hormones (e.g., mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids). Mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone) cause retention of sodium and water by the kidneys, increased blood pressure, and increased blood volume. Glucocorticoids (e.g., Cortisol) cause proteins and fats to be converted to glucose or broken down for energy, increased blood glucose, and suppression of the immune system.
  • steroid hormones e.g., mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids.
  • Mineralocorticoids e.g., aldosterone
  • Glucocorticoids e.g., Cortisol
  • Energy medicine e.g., biofield therapies, bioelectromagnetic therapies, acupuncture, homeopathy
  • biofield therapies e.g., biofield therapies, bioelectromagnetic therapies, acupuncture, homeopathy
  • acupuncture acupuncture, homeopathy
  • the present invention utilizes that principle to reduce stress, promote sleep, and stimulate healing. Further, the present invention reduces stress and stimulates healing while a user is resting or sleeping, which is convenient for the user and allows a focused time (e.g., 6-9 hours during a sleeping period) for the user to heal while at home.
  • a focused time e.g., 6-9 hours during a sleeping period
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the effects of a stressor on the body. The body releases
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the stress reduction and sleep promotion system.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system 700 includes body sensors 702, environmental sensors 704, a remote device 511 with local storage 706, a remote server 708, and system components 710.
  • the body sensors 702 include a respiration sensor 712, an electrooculography (EOG) sensor 713, a heart rate sensor 714, a body weight sensor 715, a movement sensor 716, an electromyography (EMG) sensor 717, a brain wave sensor 718, a body temperature sensor 720, an analyte sensor 721, a pulse oximeter sensor 722, a blood pressure (BP) sensor 723, an electrodermal activity (EDA) sensor 724, and/or a body fat sensor 725.
  • EOG electrooculography
  • EMG electromyography
  • BP blood pressure
  • EDA electrodermal activity
  • the respiration sensor 712 measures a respiratory rate.
  • the respiration sensor 712 is incorporated into a wearable device (e.g., a chest strap).
  • the respiration sensor 712 is incorporated into a patch or a bandage.
  • the respiratory rate is estimated from an electrocardiogram, a photoplethysmogram (e.g., a pulse oximeter), and/or an accelerometer.
  • the respiratory sensor 712 uses a non-contact motion biomotion sensor to monitor respiration.
  • the electrooculography (EOG) sensor 713 measures the corneo-retinal standing potential that exists between the front and the back of the eye. Measurements of eye movements are done by placing pairs of electrodes either above and below the eye or to the left and right of the eye. If the eye moves to a position away from the center and toward one of the electrodes, a potential difference occurs between the electrodes. The recorded potential is a measure of the eye's position.
  • the heart rate sensor 714 is preferably incorporated into a wearable device (e.g., Fitbit®, Jawbone®). Alternatively, the heart rate sensor 714 is attached to the user with a chest strap. In another embodiment, the heart rate sensor 714 is incorporated into a patch or a bandage. In yet another embodiment, the heart rate sensor is incorporated into a sensor device on or under the mattress (e.g., Beddit®, Emfit® QSTM). The heart rate is determined using
  • the heart rate sensor 714 measures heart rate variability (HRV).
  • HRV heart rate variability
  • HRV is a measurement of the variation in time intervals between heartbeats. A high HRV measurement is indicative of less stress, while a low HRV measurement is indicative of more stress. Studies have linked abnormalities in HRV to diseases where stress is a factor (e.g., diabetes, depression, congestive heart failure).
  • a Poincare plot is generated to display HRV on a device such as a smartphone.
  • the body weight sensor 715 is preferably a smart scale (e.g., Fitbit® Aria®, Nokia® Body+, Garmin® IndexTM, Under Armour® Scale, Pivotal Living® Smart Scale, iHealth® Core).
  • the body weight sensor 715 is at least one pressure sensor embedded in a mattress or a mattress topper.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system 700 is also operable to determine a height of a user using the at least one pressure sensor embedded in a mattress or a mattress topper.
  • a body mass index (BMI) of the user is calculated using the body weight of the user and the height of the user as measured by the at least one pressure sensor.
  • BMI body mass index
  • the movement sensor 716 is an accelerometer and/or a gyroscope. In one
  • the accelerometer and/or the gyroscope are incorporated into a wearable device (e.g., Fitbit®, Jawbone®, actigraph). In another embodiment, the accelerometer and/or the gyroscope are incorporated into a smartphone.
  • the movement sensor 716 is a non-contact sensor. In one embodiment, the movement sensor 716 is at least one piezoelectric sensor. In another embodiment, the movement sensor 716 is a pyroelectric infrared sensor (i.e., a "passive" infrared sensor). In yet another embodiment, the movement sensor 716 is at least one pressure sensor embedded in a mattress or mattress topper. Alternatively, the movement sensor 716 is incorporated into a smart fabric.
  • the electromyography (EMG) sensor 717 records the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. Impulses are recorded by attaching electrodes to the skin surface over the muscle.
  • three electrodes are placed on the chin. One in the front and center and the other two underneath and on the jawbone. These electrodes demonstrate muscle movement during sleep, which can be used to detect REM or NREM sleep.
  • two electrodes are placed on the inside of each calf muscle about 2 to 4 cm (about 0.8 to 1.6 inches) apart.
  • two electrodes are placed over the anterior tibialis of each leg. The electrodes on the leg can be used to detect movement of the legs during sleep, which may occur with Restless Leg Syndrome or Periodic Limb Movements of Sleep.
  • the brain wave sensor 718 is preferably an electroencephalogram (EEG) with at least one channel.
  • EEG electroencephalogram
  • the EEG has at least two channels. Multiple channels provide higher resolution data.
  • the frequencies in EEG data indicate particular brain states.
  • the brain wave sensor 718 is preferably operable to detect delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequencies.
  • the brain wave sensor 718 is operable to identify cognitive and emotion metrics, including focus, stress, excitement, relaxation, interest, and/or engagement.
  • the brain wave sensor 718 is operable to identify cognitive states that reflect the overall level of engagement, attention and focus and/or workload that reflects cognitive processes (e.g., working memory, problem solving, analytical reasoning).
  • the energy field sensor 719 measures an energy field of a user.
  • the energy field sensor 719 is a gas discharge visualization (GDV) device.
  • GDV gas discharge visualization
  • Examples of a GDV device are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,869,636 and 8,321,010 and U.S. Publication No. 20100106424, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the GDV device utilizes the Kirlian effect to evaluate an energy field.
  • the GDV device utilizes a high-intensity electric field (e.g., 1024 Hz, 10 kV, square pulses) input to an object (e.g., human fingertips) on an electrified glass plate.
  • the high-intensity electric field produces a visible gas discharge glow around the object (e.g., fingertip).
  • the visible gas discharge glow is detected by a charge-coupled detector and analyzed by software on a computer.
  • the software characterizes the pattern of light emitted (e.g., brightness, total area, fractality, density).
  • the software utilizes Mandel's Energy Emission Analysis and the Su-Jok system of acupuncture to create images and representations of body systems.
  • the energy field sensor 719 is preferably operable to measure stress levels, energy levels, and/or a balance between the left and right sides of the body.
  • the body temperature sensor 720 measures core body temperature and/or skin temperature.
  • the body temperature sensor 720 is a thermistor, an infrared sensor, or thermal flux sensor.
  • the body temperature sensor 720 is incorporated into an armband or a wristband.
  • the body temperature sensor 720 is incorporated into a patch or a bandage.
  • the body temperature sensor 720 is an ingestible core body temperature sensor (e.g., CorTemp®).
  • the body temperature sensor 720 is preferably wireless.
  • the analyte sensor 721 monitors levels of an analyte in blood, sweat, or interstitial fluid.
  • the analyte is an electrolyte, a small molecule (molecular weight ⁇ 900 Daltons), a protein (e.g., C-reactive protein), and/or a metabolite.
  • the analyte is glucose, lactate, glutamate, oxygen, sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, ammonium, copper, magnesium, iron, zinc, creatinine, uric acid, oxalic acid, urea, ethanol, an amino acid, a hormone (e.g., Cortisol, melatonin), a steroid, a neurotransmitter, a catecholamine, a cytokine, and/or an interleukin (e.g., IL-6).
  • the analyte sensor 721 is preferably non-invasive.
  • the analyte sensor 721 is minimally invasive or implanted.
  • the analyte sensor 721 is incorporated into a wearable device.
  • the analyte sensor 721 is incorporated into a patch or a bandage.
  • the pulse oximeter sensor 722 monitors oxygen saturation.
  • the pulse oximeter sensor 722 is worn on a finger, a toe, or an ear.
  • the pulse oximeter sensor 722 is incorporated into a patch or a bandage.
  • the pulse oximeter sensor 722 is preferably wireless.
  • the pulse oximeter sensor 722 is wired.
  • the pulse oximeter sensor 722 is connected by a wire to a wrist strap or a strap around a hand.
  • the pulse oximeter sensor 722 is combined with a heart rate sensor 714.
  • the pulse oximeter sensor 722 uses a camera lens on a smartphone or a tablet.
  • the blood pressure (BP) sensor 723 is a sphygmomanometer.
  • the sphygmomanometer is preferably wireless.
  • the blood pressure sensor 723 is preferably wireless.
  • the blood pressure sensor 723 is preferably wireless.
  • the blood pressure sensor 723 is incorporated into a wearable device.
  • the electrodermal activity sensor 724 measures sympathetic nervous system activity. Electrodermal activity is more likely to have high frequency peak patterns (i.e., "storms") during deep sleep. In one embodiment, the electrodermal activity sensor 724 is incorporated into a wearable device. Alternatively, the electrodermal activity sensor 724 is incorporated into a patch or a bandage.
  • the body fat sensor 725 is preferably a bioelectrical impedance device.
  • the body fat sensor 725 is incorporated into a smart scale (e.g., Fitbit® Aria®, Nokia® Body+, Garmin® IndexTM, Under Armour® Scale, Pivotal Living® Smart Scale, iHealth® Core).
  • a smart scale e.g., Fitbit® Aria®, Nokia® Body+, Garmin® IndexTM, Under Armour® Scale, Pivotal Living® Smart Scale, iHealth® Core.
  • the body fat sensor 725 is a handheld device.
  • the environmental sensors 704 include an environmental temperature sensor 726, a humidity sensor 727, a noise sensor 728, an air quality sensor 730, a light sensor 732, a motion sensor 733, and/or a barometric sensor 734.
  • the environmental temperature sensor 726, the humidity sensor 727, the noise sensor 728, the air quality sensor 730, the light sensor 732, the motion sensor 733, and/or the barometric sensor 734 are incorporated into a home automation system (e.g., Amazon® Alexa®, Apple® HomeKitTM, Google® HomeTM, IF This Then That® (IFTTT®), Nest®).
  • a home automation system e.g., Amazon® Alexa®, Apple® HomeKitTM, Google® HomeTM, IF This Then That® (IFTTT®), Nest®.
  • the environmental temperature sensor 726, the humidity sensor 727, the noise sensor 728, and/or the light sensor 732 are incorporated into a smartphone or tablet.
  • the noise sensor 728 is a microphone.
  • the air quality sensor 730 measures carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulates, and/or volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
  • the remote device 511 is preferably a smartphone or a tablet. Alternatively, the remote device 511 is a laptop or a desktop computer.
  • the remote device 511 includes a processor 760, an analytics engine 762, a control interface 764, and a user interface 766.
  • the remote device 511 accepts data input from the body sensors 702 and/or the environmental sensors 704.
  • the remote device also accepts data input from the remote server 708.
  • the remote device 511 stores data in a local storage 706.
  • the local storage 706 on the remote device 511 includes a user profile 736, historical subjective data 738, predefined programs 740, custom programs 741, historical objective data 742, and historical environmental data 744.
  • the user profile 736 stores stress reduction and sleep promotion system preferences and information about the user, including but not limited to, age, weight, height, gender, medical history (e.g., sleep conditions, medications, diseases), fitness (e.g., fitness level, fitness activities), sleep goals, stress level, and/or occupational information (e.g., occupation, shift information).
  • the medical history includes caffeine consumption, alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, use of prescription sleep aids and/or other medications, blood pressure, restless leg syndrome, narcolepsy, headaches, heart disease, sleep apnea, depression, stroke, diabetes, insomnia, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and/or neurological disorders.
  • the medical history incorporates information gathered from the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) Scale, and/or Patient Heath Questionanaire-9 (PHQ-9) (assessment of depression).
  • ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale
  • ISI Insomnia Severity Index
  • GCD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item
  • PHQ-9 Patient Heath Questionanaire-9
  • the ESS is described in Johns MW (1991). "A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale". Sleep, 14 (6): 540-5, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the ISI is described in Morin et al. (2011).
  • the Insomnia Severity Index Psychimetric Indicators to Detect Insomnia Cases and Evaluate Treatment Response", Sleep, 34(5): 601-608, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the GAD-7 is described in Spitzer et al. , "A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD- 7", Arch Intern Med., 2006 May 22; 166(1): 1092-7, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the PHQ-9 is described in Kroenke et al., "The PHQ-9: Validity of a Brief
  • the weight of the user is automatically uploaded to the local storage from a third-party application.
  • the third-party application obtains the information from a smart scale (e.g., Fitbit® Aria®, Nokia® Body+TM, Garmin® IndexTM, Under Armour® Scale, Pivotal Living® Smart Scale, iHealth® Core).
  • the medical history includes information gathered from a Resting Breath Hold test.
  • the historical objective data 742 includes information gathered from the body sensors 702. This includes information from the respiration sensor 712, the electrooculography sensor 713, the heart rate sensor 714, the movement sensor 716, the electromyography sensor 717, the brain wave sensor 718, the energy field sensor 719, the body temperature sensor 720, the analyte sensor 721, the pulse oximeter sensor 722, the blood pressure sensor 723, and/or the
  • the historical objective data 742 includes information gathered from the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and/or the Psychomotor Vigilance Test.
  • the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test is described in Doghramji, et al, "A normative study of the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT)", Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. , 1997 Nov; 103(5): 554-562, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the Digit Symbol Substitution Test is described in Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale— Third edition (WAIS-III). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation and Wechsler, D. (1997).
  • the historical environmental data 744 includes information gathered from the environmental sensors 704. This includes information from the environmental temperature sensor 726, the humidity sensor 727, the noise sensor 728, the air quality sensor 730, the light sensor 732, and/or the barometric sensor 734.
  • the historical subjective data 738 includes information regarding sleep and/or stress.
  • the information regarding sleep is gathered from manual sleep logs (e.g., Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index).
  • the manual sleep logs include, but are not limited to, a time sleep is first attempted, a time to fall asleep, a time of waking up, hours of sleep, number of awakenings, times of awakenings, length of awakenings, perceived sleep quality, use of medications to assist with sleep, difficulty staying awake and/or concentrating during the day, difficulty with temperature regulation at night (e.g., too hot, too cold), trouble breathing at night (e.g., coughing, snoring), having bad dreams, waking up in the middle of the night or before a desired wake up time, twitching or jerking in the legs while asleep, restlessness while asleep, difficulty sleeping due to pain, and/or needing to use the bathroom in the middle of the night.
  • temperature regulation at night e.g., too hot, too cold
  • trouble breathing at night e.g., coughing,
  • the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index is described in Buysse, et al., "The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research". Psychiatry Research. 28 (2): 193-213 (May 1989), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the historical subjective data 738 includes information gathered regarding sleepiness (e.g., Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale).
  • the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale is described in Akerstedt, et al., "Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual", IntJNeurosc, 1990;52:29-37 and Baulk et al, "Driver sleepiness-evaluation of reaction time measurement as a secondary task", Sleep, 2001;24(6):695-698, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the Stanford Sleepiness Scale is described in Hoddes E. (1972). "The development and use of the Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS)". Psychophysiology. 9 (150) and Maclean, et al (1992- 03-01). "Psychometric evaluation of the Stanford Sleepiness Sca3 ⁇ 4e", Journal of Sleep
  • the historical subjective data 738 includes information regarding tension or anxiety, depression or dejection, anger or hostility, and/or fatigue or inertia gathered from the Profile of Mood States.
  • the Profile of Mood States is described in the Profile of Mood States, 2 nd Edition published by Multi-Health Systems (2012) and Curran et al., "Short Form of the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF): Psychometric information", Psychological Assessment. 7 (1): 80-83 (1995), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the historical subjective data 738 includes information gathered from the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), which asks how likely a respondent is to have difficulty sleeping in nine different situations. The FIRST is described in Drake et al,
  • the historical subjective data 738 includes information gathered from the Impact of Events, which assesses the psychological impact of stressful life events. A subscale score is calculated for intrusion, avoidance, and/or hyperarousal. The Impact of Events is described in Weiss, D. S., & Marmar, C. R. (1996). The Impact of Event Scale - Revised. In J. Wilson & T. M.
  • the historical subjective data 738 includes information gathered from the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS).
  • SRRS Social Readjustment Rating Scale
  • the SRRS lists 52 stressful life events and assigns a point value based on how traumatic the event was determined to be by a sample population.
  • the SRRS is described in Holmes et al., "The Social Readjustment Rating Scale", J. Psychosom. Res. 11(2): 213-8 (1967), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the predefined programs 740 are general sleep settings for various conditions and/or body types (e.g., weight loss, comfort, athletic recovery, hot flashes, bed sores, depression, multiple sclerosis, alternative sleep cycles).
  • a weight loss predefined program sets a surface temperature at a very cold setting (e.g., 15.56-18.89°C (60-66°F)) to increase a metabolic response, resulting in an increase in calories burned, which then leads to weight loss.
  • Temperature settings are automatically adjusted to be as cold as tolerable by the user after the first sleep cycle starts to maximize the caloric burn while having the smallest impact on sleep quality.
  • the core temperature of an overweight individual may fail to drop due to a low metabolism.
  • the surface temperature is 20°C (68°F) at the start of a sleep period, 18.89°C (66°F) during N1-N2 sleep, 18.33°C (65°F) during N3 sleep, 19.44°C (67°F) during REM sleep, and 20°C (68°F) to wake the user.
  • temperature modulation cycles are used to reduce insomnia. Insomnia may be caused by the core body temperature failing to drop or a delay of the drop in core body temperature.
  • the surface temperature is 20°C (68°F) at the start of a sleep period, 17.78°C (64°F) during N1-N2 sleep, 15.56°C (60°F) during N3 sleep, 18.89°C (66°F) during REM sleep, and 20°C (68°F) to wake the user.
  • temperature modulation cycles are used to reduce sleep disruptions due to multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, core temperature and extremity temperature management are not consistent. As a result, a warm to sleep and warm to wake is suggested.
  • the surface temperature is 37.78°C (100°F) at the start of a sleep period, 21.11 °C (70°F) during N1-N2 sleep, 20°C (68°F) during N3 sleep, 26.67°C (80°F) during REM sleep, and 37.78°C (100°F) to wake the user.
  • temperature modulation cycles are used to support users with alternative sleep cycles.
  • An alternative sleep cycle is when a user changes to a multiple phase sleep cycle in a 24-hour cycle (e.g., biphasic, segmented, polyphasic sleep).
  • the surface temperature is 21.11°C (70°F) at the start of a sleep period, 17.78°C (64°F) during N1-N2 sleep, 16.67°C (62°F) during N3 sleep, 19.44°C (67°F) during REM sleep, and 21.11°C (70°F) to wake the user.
  • This program can repeat for multiple, evenly spaced sleep blocks or be used in a longer block of 4-5 hours. For a short 30-minute block, the temperature drops (e.g., 0.278°C/minute (0.5°F/minute) or greater).
  • temperature modulation cycles are used to reduce bed sores.
  • the temperature modulation cycles alternate cooling and heating based on automated collection of risk factors, including temperature, surface area pressure, and moisture (e.g., sweat).
  • temperature modulation cycles are prescribed by a sleep specialist or physician based on a particular health condition of a user.
  • the custom programs 741 are sleep settings defined by the user.
  • the user creates a custom program by modifying a predefined program (e.g., the weight loss program above) to be 1.11 °C (2°F) cooler during the N3 stage.
  • the user creates a custom program by modifying a predefined program (e.g., the weight loss program above) to have a start temperature of 37.78°C (100°F).
  • the custom programs 741 allow a user to save preferred sleep settings.
  • the remote server 708 includes global historical subjective data 746, global historical objective data 748, global historical environmental data 750, global profile data 752, a global analytics engine 754, a calibration engine 756, and a simulation engine 758.
  • the global historical subjective data 746, the global historical objective data 748, the global historical environmental data 750, and the global profile data 752 include data from multiple users.
  • the system components include a mattress pad 11 with adjustable temperature control, a mattress with adjustable firmness 768, a mattress with adjustable elevation 770, an alarm clock 772, a thermostat to adjust the room temperature 774, a lighting system 776, a fan 778, a humidifier 780, a dehumidifier 782, a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) device 784, a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) device 785, a sound generator 786, an air purifier 788, a scent generator 790, a red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792, a sunrise simulator 793, and/or a sunset simulator 794.
  • PEMF pulsed electromagnetic field
  • TESS transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
  • the body sensors 702, the environmental sensors 704, the remote device 511 with local storage 706, the remote server 708, and the system components 710 are designed to connect directly (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) or equivalent) or wirelessly (e.g., Bluetooth®, Wi- Fi®, ZigBee®) through systems designed to exchange data between various data collection sources.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • the body sensors 702, the environmental sensors 704, the remote device 511 with local storage 706, the remote server 708, and the system components 710 communicate wirelessly through Bluetooth®.
  • Bluetooth® emits lower electromagnetic fields (EMFs) than Wi-Fi® and cellular signals.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system 700 includes a mattress pad 11 to change the temperature of the sleep surface.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a thermoelectric control unit 10 according to the present invention. As shown, a pair of identical control units 10, 10' attach through flexible conduit to a temperature-conditioned article, such as mattress pad 11.
  • the mattress pad 11 has two independent thermally regulated surface zones "A" and "B", each containing internal flexible (e.g., silicon) tubing 14 designed for circulating heated or cooled fluid within a hydraulic circuit between the control unit 10 and the mattress pad 11. As best shown in FIGS.
  • the flexible conduit assembly for each control unit 10 includes separate fluid supply and return lines 16, 17 connected to tubing 14, and a quick-release female connector 18 for ready attachment and detachment to external male connectors 19 of the control unit 10.
  • the mattress pad 11 allows a user to retrofit an existing mattress.
  • thermoelectric control unit 10 is operatively connected (e.g., by flexible conduit) to a mattress, such that the temperature-conditioned surface is embedded in the mattress itself.
  • thermoelectric control unit 10 is operatively connected (e.g., by flexible conduit) to any other temperature regulated article, such as a blanket or other bedding or covers, seat pad, sofa, chair, or the like.
  • the exemplary control unit 10 has an external housing 21, and a fluid reservoir 22 located inside the housing 21.
  • the reservoir 22 has a fill opening 23 accessible through a removably capped opening 15 (FIG. 4) in housing 21, a fluid outlet 24, and a fluid return 25.
  • Fluid contained in the reservoir 22 is moved in a circuit through a conduit assembly formed from in-housing tubes 28, the flexible supply and return lines 16, 17, and flexible silicone tubing 14 within the temperature-regulated pad 11.
  • the fluid is selectively cooled, as described further below, by cooperating first and second heat exchangers 31, 32 and thermoelectric cooling modules 33A-33D.
  • the cooling modules 33A-33D reside at an electrified junction between the first and second heat exchangers 31, 32, and function to regulate fluid temperature from a cool point of as low as 7.78°C (46°F), or cooler.
  • the housing 21 and reservoir 22 may be either separately or integrally constructed of any suitable material, such as an anti-flammable ABS, polypropylene, or other molded polymer.
  • the first heat exchanger 31 is formed of pairs of oppositely directed internal heat sinks 41A, 42A and 41B, 42B communicating with an inside of the reservoir 22, and cooperating with thermoelectric cooling modules 33A-33D to cool the fluid inside the reservoir 22 to a selected (set) temperature.
  • Each heat sink 41A, 42A, 41B, 42B has a substantially planar metal base 44 adjacent an exterior side wall of the reservoir 22, and a plurality of planar metal fins 45 extending substantially perpendicular to the base 44 and vertically inward towards a center region of the reservoir 22.
  • each pair of heat sinks 41A, 42A and 41B, 42B is formed from one 4-fin sink and one 5-fin sink arranged such that their respective fins 45 are facing and interleaved as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the exemplary cooling modules 33A-33D are operatively connected to an internal power supply/main control board 48, and are formed from respective thin Peltier chips having opposing planar inside and outside major surfaces 51, 52.
  • the inside major surface 51 of each cooling module 33A-33D resides in direct thermal contact with the planar base 44 of its corresponding heat sink 41A, 42A, 41B, 42B.
  • a thermal pad or compound may also reside between each cooling module 33A-33D and heat sink 41A, 42A, 41B, 42B to promote thermal conduction from base 44 outwardly across the fins 45.
  • the second heat exchanger 32 is formed from external heat sinks 61A-61D located outside of the fluid reservoir 22, and arranged in an opposite-facing direction to respective internal heat sinks 41A, 42A, 41B, 42B.
  • Each external heat sink 61A-61D has a planar metal base 64 in direct thermal contact with the outside major surface 52 of an associated adjacent cooling module 33A-33D, and a plurality of planar metal fins 65 extending substantially perpendicular to the base 64 and horizontally outward away from the fluid reservoir 22. Heat generated by the cooling modules 33A-33D is conducted by the external heat sinks 61A-61D away from the modules 33A-33D and dissipated to a surrounding environment outside of the fluid reservoir 22.
  • Electric case fans 71 and 72 may be operatively connected to the power supply/main control board 48 and mounted inside the housing 21 adjacent respective heat sinks 61A, 61B and 61C, 61D.
  • the exemplary fans 71, 72 promote air flow across the sink fins 65, and outwardly from the control unit 10 through exhaust vents 13 formed with the sides and bottom of the housing 21.
  • each external heat sink 61A-61D has a substantially larger base 64 (as compared to the 4-fin and 5-fin internal sinks 41A, 42A, 41B, 42B) and a substantially greater number of fins 65 (e.g., 32 or more).
  • Both internal and external heat sinks may be active or passive, and may be constructed of any suitable conductive material, including aluminum, copper, and other metals.
  • the heat sinks may have a thermal conductivity of 400 watts per meter-Kelvin (W/(m K)), or more.
  • the case fans 71, 72 may automatically activate and shut off as needed.
  • the temperature conditioned fluid exits through the outlet 24 and enters the conduit assembly formed from an arrangement of in-housing Z-, L-, 7-, and S- shaped tubes 28 (and joints).
  • a pump 81 is operatively connected to the reservoir 22 and functions to circulate the fluid through the control unit 10 in a circuit including the in-housing tubes 28 (and joints), flexible fluid supply line 16, silicone pad tubes 14, fluid return line 17, and back into the reservoir 22 through fluid return 25.
  • an insulated linear heat tube 82 is located outside of the fluid reservoir 22 and inside the housing 21, and communicates with the conduit assembly to selectively heat fluid moving from the control unit 10 to the mattress pad 11.
  • the exemplary heat tube 82 may heat fluid moving in the hydraulic circuit to a desired temperature of as warm as 47.78°C (1 18°F).
  • the control unit has at least one fluid reservoir.
  • the control unit includes two fluid reservoirs.
  • a first fluid reservoir is used to heat and/or cool fluid that circulates through the temperature-regulated pad.
  • the first fluid reservoir includes at least one sensor to measure a level of the fluid.
  • a second fluid reservoir is used to store fluid.
  • fluid from the second fluid reservoir is automatically used to fill the first fluid reservoir when the at least one sensor indicates that the level of the fluid is below a minimum value.
  • this optimizes the temperature in the first fluid reservoir because only a small amount of stored fluid is introduced into the first fluid reservoir when needed. Additionally, this embodiment reduces the refilling required for the control unit, saving the user time and effort.
  • the at least one fluid reservoir is formed of metal. In another embodiment, the metal of the at least one fluid reservoir is electrically connected to ground.
  • the control unit includes at least one mechanism for forming structured water.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the difference between structured water and unstructured water.
  • the control unit includes at least one vortex to treat the fluid.
  • the at least one vortex reduces bacteria, algae, and fungus in the fluid without using additional chemicals.
  • the at least one vortex includes at least one left spin vortex and at least one right spin vortex.
  • the at least one left spin vortex and the at least one right spin vortex mimics the movement of water in nature.
  • One example of utilizing vortex technologies to treat fluids is described in U.S. Patent No. 7,238,289, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the fluid flows or tumbles over or through a series of balls and/or rocks.
  • the rocks are in a hexagonal shape.
  • a tumbling action or vortex aligns the molecules in the structured water to retain energy (i.e., cooling or heating) for a longer period of time.
  • the aligned or structured water molecules produce a 20% increase in the heating and cooling capacity of the water.
  • the fluid is water.
  • the water is treated with an ultraviolet (UV) purification system to kill microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses, molds).
  • UV purification system includes at least one UV light bulb to expose microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses, molds).
  • the at least one UV light bulb is a UV-C light emitting diode (LED). In another embodiment, the at least one UV light bulb is a mercury vapor bulb.
  • the water is treated with at least one filter to remove contaminants and/or particles.
  • the at least one filter clarifies the water before exposure to the at least one UV light bulb. Contaminants and/or particles in the water are larger than the microorganisms, so contaminants and/or particles block the UV rays from reaching the microorganisms.
  • the at least one filter is a sediment filter, an activated carbon filter, a reverse osmosis filter, and/or a ceramic filter.
  • one or more of the at least one filter includes copper and/or silver (e.g., nanoparticles, ions, colloidal) to suppress the growth of microorganisms.
  • Contaminants and/or particles that are removed from the water include sediment, rust, calcium carbonate, organic compounds, chlorine, and/or minerals.
  • the at least one filter preferably removes contaminants and/or particles with a diameter greater than 0.3 ⁇ .
  • the at least one filter removes contaminants and/or particles with a diameter greater than 0.5 ⁇ .
  • the at least one filter removes contaminants and/or particles with a diameter greater than 0.05 ⁇ .
  • the at least one filter removes contaminants and/or particles with a diameter greater than lnm.
  • the water is treated with copper and/or silver ions.
  • the copper and/or silver ions are positively charged and bond with negative sites on cell walls of microorganisms. This can lead to the deactivation of proteins and ultimately to cell death.
  • Copper and/or silver ions can also destroy biofilms and slimes.
  • the copper and/or silver ions are created through electrolysis.
  • the water is treated with at least one chemical to inhibit growth of bacteria and microorganisms or to remove lime and calcium buildup.
  • the water is treated with a compound containing iodine or chlorine.
  • the water is treated with salt and/or a peroxide solution.
  • the water is treated with citric acid.
  • the thermoelectric control unit may further include other features and electronics not shown.
  • the control unit includes a touch control and display board, overheat protectors, fluid level sensor, thermostat, additional case fans, and/or at least one speaker.
  • the control unit may also include an external power cord designed to plug into standard household electrical outlets, or may be powered using rechargeable or non-rechargeable batteries.
  • the touch control and display board includes a power button, temperature selection buttons (e.g., up arrow and down arrow), and/or an LCD to display the temperature.
  • the touch control and display board includes a program selection menu.
  • the control unit preferably has at least one processor.
  • the processor may be a general -purpose microprocessor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU)), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a microcontroller, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a controller, a state machine, gated or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any other suitable entity or combinations thereof that can perform calculations, process instructions for execution, and/or other manipulations of information.
  • one or more of the at least one processor is operable to run predefined programs stored in at least one memory of the control unit.
  • the control unit preferably includes at least one antenna, which allows the control unit to receive and process input data (e.g., temperature settings, start and stop commands) from at least one remote device (e.g., smartphone, tablet, laptop computer, desktop computer, remote control).
  • the at least one remote device is in wireless network communication with the control unit.
  • the wireless communication is, by way of example and not limitation, radiofrequency, Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, Wi-Fi®, wireless local area networking, near field communication (NFC), or other similar commercially utilized standards.
  • the at least one remote device is in wired communication with the control unit through USB or equivalent.
  • the at least one remote device is operable to set target temperatures for the mattress pad.
  • the at least one remote device preferably has a user interface (e.g., a mobile application for a smartphone or tablet, buttons on a remote control) that allows a user to select target temperatures for the mattress pad or independent zones within the mattress pad.
  • the mattress pad includes temperature probes in each zone that provide temperature data for that zone to the at least one processor, which compares a target temperature set using the at least one device to an actual measured temperature to determine whether to heat or cool the fluid and determine where to distribute the heated or cooled fluid in order to make the actual temperature match the target temperature.
  • target temperatures can be set at any time, those target temperatures can be manipulated through the sleeping period in order to match user preferences or a program to correlate with user sleep cycles to produce a deeper, more restful sleep.
  • FIG. 8A illustrates one embodiment of a mattress pad with three independent temperature zones.
  • the three independent temperature zones 501, 502, 503 generally correspond to the head, body and legs, and feet, respectfully, of a user. Although only three zones are shown, it is equally possible to have one, two, four, or more independent temperature zones.
  • a wireless remote control 507 is used to set the target temperatures for each of the zones 501, 502, 503. Fluid is delivered to the mattress pad 11 from the control unit 10 via a fluid supply line 16 that enters the continuous perimeter via an opening sized to sealingly receive the fluid supply line 16. Fluid is removed from the mattress pad 11 and returned to the control unit 10 via a fluid return line 17 that exits the continuous perimeter via an opening sized to sealingly receive the fluid return line 17.
  • Temperature probes 508 in each zone provide actual measured temperature data for that zone to the control unit 10.
  • the control unit 10 compares the target temperature set using the wireless remote control 507 and the actual measured temperature to determine whether to heat or cool the fluid and determine to which conduit or circuits the heated or cooled fluid should be distributed in order to make the actual temperature match the target temperature.
  • a larger number of temperature probes are in the independent temperature zones corresponding to the core body region, and a smaller number of temperature probes are in the independent temperature zones not corresponding to the core body region.
  • zone 501 contains three temperature probes
  • zone 502 contains five temperature probes
  • zone 503 contains three temperature probes. This embodiment provides the advantage of more closely monitoring the temperature of the pad in the core body region, which is important because core body temperature impacts how well a user sleeps.
  • an independent temperature zone contains three temperature probes.
  • zone 501 contains a temperature probe in the center of the mattress pad 11, a temperature probe on the left side of the mattress pad 11, and a temperature probe on the right side of the mattress pad 11.
  • this embodiment provides information about the left, center, and right of the mattress pad.
  • an independent temperature zone contains at least three temperature probes.
  • the mattress pad includes padding 509 between the conduit circuits and the resting surface, in order to improve the comfort of a user and to prevent the concentrated heat or cold of the conduit circuits from being applied directly or semi-directly to the user's body. Instead, the conduit circuits heat or cool the padding 509, which provides more gentle temperature modulation for the user's body.
  • FIG. 8B illustrates one embodiment of a double mattress pad.
  • Three independent temperature zones 501A, 502A, 503A generally correspond to the head, body and legs, and feet, respectfully, of a first user who utilizes surface zone "A”.
  • Three independent temperature zones 501B, 502B, 503B generally correspond to the head, body and legs, and feet, respectfully, of a second user who utilizes surface zone "B". Although only three zones are shown for each user, it is equally possible to have one, two, four, or more independent temperature zones.
  • a first wireless remote control 507A is used to set the target temperatures for each of the zones 501A, 502A, 503 A.
  • a second wireless remote control 507B is used to set the target temperatures for each of the zones 501B, 502B, 503B. Temperature probes 508 in each zone provide actual measured temperature data for that zone to the control unit 10. The control unit 10 compares the target temperature set using the wireless remote control 507A, 507B and the actual measured temperature to determine whether to heat or cool the fluid and determine to which conduit or circuits the heated or cooled fluid should be distributed in order to make the actual temperature match the target temperature.
  • a single control unit 10 is utilized to control the temperature of the fluid.
  • a first control unit is utilized to control the temperature of the fluid for the first user and a second control unit is utilized to control the temperature of the fluid for the second user.
  • each user has at least two control units to control the temperature of the fluid.
  • FIG. 8C illustrates one embodiment of a mattress pad with three independent temperature zones connected to at least one remote device 511.
  • the at least one remote device is a smartphone or a tablet.
  • the at least one remote device preferably has a mobile application that allows for the control unit 10 to vary the temperature of the mattress pad 11 according to a schedule of target temperatures selected to correlate with sleep cycles of the user. Such an arrangement promotes deeper, more restful sleep by altering body temperature at critical points.
  • the mattress pad is sized to fit standard mattress sizes.
  • twin about 97 cm by about 191 cm (about 38 inches by about 75 inches)
  • twin XL about 97 cm by about 203 cm (about 38 inches by about 80 inches)
  • full about 137 cm by about 191 cm (about 54 inches by about 75 inches)
  • queen about 152 cm by about 203 cm (about 60 inches by about 80 inches)
  • king about 193 cm by about 203 cm (about 76 inches by about 80 inches)
  • California king about 183 cm by about 213 cm (about 72 inches by about 84 inches)
  • the mattress pad is about 76 cm by about 203 cm (about 30 inches by about 80 inches).
  • the mattress pad is sized to fit a crib mattress (about 71 cm by about 132 cm (about 28 inches by about 52 inches)).
  • the single mattress pad e.g., twin, twin XL, sized to fit a single user of a larger bed, crib
  • the double mattress pad e.g., full, queen, king, California king
  • the mattress pad contains a conductive fiber to heat one section of the mattress pad and water circulation to cool another section of the mattress pad. In one example, this allows the temperature of the main body or body core region to be lower than the temperature for the feet.
  • the feet play an active role in the regulation of body temperature. The feet have a large surface area and specialized blood vessels, which allow the feet to release heat from the body. If the feet become too cold, excess heat cannot be released from the body and an individual will not be able to sleep.
  • the mattress pad is grounded, which provides the human body with electrically conductive contact with the surface of the earth.
  • the mattress pad has a conductive material on at least one exterior surface of the mattress pad.
  • the mattress pad is attached to a wire that is electrically connected to an electrical outlet ground port.
  • the mattress pad is attached to a wire that is connected to a ground rod.
  • the mattress pad includes at least two layers of a waterproof material that are laminated, affixed to each other, adhered to each other, attached to each other, secured to each other, or welded together to prevent separation or delamination of the layers.
  • the waterproof material is a urethane or a mixture of urethane and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA).
  • a first layer of the waterproof material is permanently affixed to a second layer of the waterproof material.
  • the first layer of the waterproof material has an exterior surface and an interior surface.
  • the second layer of the waterproof material has an exterior surface and an interior surface.
  • the first layer of the waterproof material is welded (e.g., using high frequency/radio frequency (RF) welding or heat welding) to the second layer of the waterproof material along a continuous perimeter, creating at least one interior chamber constructed and configured to retain fluid without leaking between the interior surface of the first layer of the waterproof material and the interior surface of the second layer of the waterproof material.
  • Fluid is delivered to the at least one interior chamber via a fluid supply line that enters the continuous perimeter via an opening sized to sealingly receive the fluid supply line.
  • Fluid is removed from the at least one interior chamber via a fluid return line that exits the continuous perimeter via an opening sized to sealingly receive the fluid return line.
  • the waterproof material is covered on the exterior surfaces with an interlock or knit fabric.
  • the interlock or knit fabric on the exterior surface of the mattress pad preferably contains a copper or a silver ion thread for antimicrobial protection.
  • the interlock or knit fabric on the exterior surface of the mattress pad is treated with an antibacterial or an antimicrobial agent (e.g., Microban®).
  • the waterproof material is covered on the exterior surface with a moisture wicking material.
  • the mattress pad includes a spacer layer positioned within the interior chamber between the interior surface of the first layer of the waterproof material and the interior surface of the second layer of the waterproof material.
  • the spacer layer provides separation between the first layer of the waterproof material and the second layer of the waterproof material, ensuring that the fluid flows through the mattress pad when a body is on the mattress pad.
  • the spacer layer advantageously provides structural support to maintain partial channels through the interior chamber or fluid passageways, which are important to ensure constant and consistent fluid flow through the interior chamber with heavy users on firm mattresses.
  • the spacer layer is laminated, affixed, adhered, attached, secured, or welded to the first layer of the waterproof material and/or the second layer of the waterproof material.
  • the spacer layer is preferably made of a foam mesh or a spacer fabric. In one embodiment, the spacer layer has antimicrobial properties.
  • FIG. 9A illustrates a cross-section of a mattress pad with two layers of waterproof material.
  • a first layer of a waterproof material 602 and a second layer of a waterproof material 604 are affixed or adhered together to form an interior chamber 600.
  • the interior chamber 600 is constructed and configured to retain fluid without leaking.
  • the first layer of the waterproof material 602 and the second layer of the waterproof material 604 are welded together (e.g., using high frequency/radio frequency (RF) welding or heat welding).
  • RF radio frequency
  • FIG. 9B illustrates a cross-section of a mattress pad with two layers of waterproof material and two layers of a second material.
  • a first layer of a waterproof material 602 and a second layer of a waterproof material 604 are affixed or adhered together to form an interior chamber 600.
  • the interior chamber 600 is constructed and configured to retain fluid without leaking.
  • the first layer of the waterproof material 602 and the second layer of the waterproof material 604 are welded together (e.g., using high frequency/radio frequency (RF) welding or heat welding).
  • a first layer of a second material 606 is on an exterior surface of the first layer of the waterproof material 602.
  • a second layer of the second material 608 is on an exterior surface of the second layer of the waterproof material 604.
  • the second material is a knit or interlock material.
  • the second material is a woven or non-woven material.
  • the second material is formed of plastic.
  • FIG. 9C illustrates a cross-section of a mattress pad with two layers of waterproof material and a spacer layer.
  • a first layer of a waterproof material 602 and a second layer of a waterproof material 604 are affixed or adhered together to form an interior chamber 600.
  • the interior chamber 600 is constructed and configured to retain fluid without leaking.
  • the first layer of the waterproof material 602 and the second layer of the waterproof material 604 are welded together (e.g., using high frequency/radio frequency (RF) welding or heat welding).
  • RF radio frequency
  • the spacer layer 610 is configured to provide structural support to maintain partial channels for fluid flow through the interior chamber. In one embodiment, the fluid flows through the spacer layer. In a preferred embodiment, the spacer layer is laminated, affixed, adhered, attached, secured, or welded to the first layer of the waterproof material and/or the second layer of the waterproof material.
  • the spacer layer is preferably made of a foam mesh or a spacer fabric. In one embodiment, the spacer layer has antimicrobial properties. In another embodiment, the spacer layer 610 is in a honeycomb shape.
  • FIG. 9D illustrates a cross-section of a mattress pad with two layers of waterproof material, two layers of a second material, and a spacer layer.
  • a first layer of a waterproof material 602 and a second layer of a waterproof material 604 are affixed or adhered together to form an interior chamber 600.
  • the interior chamber 600 is constructed and configured to retain fluid without leaking.
  • the first layer of the waterproof material 602 and the second layer of the waterproof material 604 are welded together (e.g., using high frequency/radio frequency (RF) welding or heat welding).
  • RF radio frequency
  • a second layer of the second material 608 is on an exterior surface of the second layer of the waterproof material 604.
  • the second material is a knit or interlock material.
  • the second material is a woven or non-woven material.
  • the second material is formed of plastic.
  • a spacer layer 610 is positioned within the interior chamber 600 between an interior surface of the first layer of the waterproof material 602 and an interior facing of the second layer of the waterproof material 604.
  • the spacer layer 610 is configured to provide structural support to maintain partial channels for fluid flow through the interior chamber.
  • the fluid flows through the spacer layer.
  • the spacer layer is laminated, affixed, adhered, attached, secured, or welded to the first layer of the waterproof material and/or the second layer of the waterproof material.
  • the spacer layer is preferably made of a foam mesh or a spacer fabric. In one embodiment, the spacer layer has antimicrobial properties.
  • FIG. 10 is a view of a mattress pad hose elbow according to a preferred embodiment.
  • the mattress pad 11 is placed on top of a mattress 102 and box springs or foundation 104.
  • the mattress pad 11 connects to the control unit (not shown) via a flexible hose 106 containing the flexible supply and return lines.
  • the flexible hose is preferably formed from a polyurethane.
  • the flexible hose is formed from extruded silicone double wall tubing.
  • the flexible hose has a polyethylene foam or other insulating cover.
  • the flexible hose is covered with a fabric (e.g., nylon, polyester, rayon).
  • a mattress pad hose elbow 108 is concentric around the flexible hose 106.
  • the mattress pad hose elbow 108 secures the flexible hose 106 to the side of the mattress 102 and box springs or foundation 104, which provides structural support to the flexible hose 106.
  • the mattress pad hose elbow 108 is sized to fit tightly around the flexible hose 106.
  • the mattress pad hose elbow 108 is formed with silicone or rubber.
  • the mattress pad hose elbow 108 is formed from plastic (e.g., ethyl ene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam, polyethylene foam).
  • EVA ethyl ene-vinyl acetate
  • the mattress pad hose elbow 108 is operable to slide on the flexible hose 106.
  • the mattress pad hose elbow 108 is adjustable.
  • the mattress pad 11 preferably contains a plurality of holes or openings 100 in the surface of the mattress pad 11.
  • the plurality of holes or openings 100 direct the movement of the fluid in the pad.
  • the plurality of holes or openings 100 is in a preselected pattern to help manufacturing efficiency.
  • the plurality of holes or openings 100 is in a random pattern.
  • the plurality of holes or openings 100 is shown in a hexagon shape in FIG. 10.
  • each of the plurality of holes or openings 100 can be in the shape of a triangle, a circle, a rectangle, a square, an oval, a diamond, a pentagon, a heptagon, an octagon, a nonagon, a decagon, a trapezium, a parallelogram, a rhombus, a cross, a semicircle, a crescent, a heart, a star, a snowflake, or any other polygon.
  • the voids created by the plurality of holes or openings 100 include at least 80% of the surface area of the mattress pad.
  • the voids created by the plurality of holes or openings 100 include at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of the surface area of the mattress pad.
  • the spacing and number of the plurality of holes or openings 100 can be varied to adjust the thermal properties of the mattress pad.
  • the density of the holes or openings is higher near the torso region than in the head and leg regions, for providing more exposure to the torso region of the user for managing body temperature in that region, and less exposure to the extremities of the user.
  • the spacing between each of the plurality of holes or openings is at least 5 mm (0.2 inches).
  • the mattress pad 11 contains at least one weld line 105 to help manage the flow of the fluid in the interior chamber.
  • the at least one weld line 105 is
  • the at least one weld line 105 allows the fluid to flow across all areas of the mattress pad 11 to provide a substantially uniform temperature within the pad.
  • the at least one weld line is formed from the permanent attachment of the first layer of the waterproof material and the second layer of the waterproof layer along the periphery of the plurality of holes or openings.
  • FIG. 11 is another view of the mattress pad hose elbow of FIG. 10.
  • the flexible hose 106 is positioned next to the mattress 102 and the box springs or foundation 104 using the mattress pad hose elbow 108.
  • the mattress pad hose elbow 108 secures the flexible hose 106 to the side of the mattress 102 and box springs or foundation 104, providing structural support for the flexible hose 106.
  • the total height of a mattress, box springs or foundation, and/or a bed frame is not uniform.
  • the mattress pad hose elbow 108 provides customization for the height of the mattress, the box springs or foundation, and/or the bed frame.
  • the flexible hose is positioned next to the mattress using hook and loop tape. In yet another embodiment, the flexible hose is positioned next to the mattress using elastic. In still another embodiment, the flexible hose is positioned next to the mattress using at least one snap. Alternatively, the flexible hose is positioned next to the mattress using at least one buckle.
  • FIG. 12 is a top perspective view of a single mattress pad.
  • a top panel 110A is attached (e.g., sewn, adhered, welded) to the top of the mattress pad 11 at an attachment point 114A.
  • a bottom panel HOB is attached (e.g., sewn, adhered, welded) to the bottom of the mattress pad 11 at an attachment point 114B.
  • a non-slip piece 112 A is attached (e.g., sewn, adhered, welded) to the top panel 110A on a side opposite the attachment point 114A.
  • a non-slip piece 112B is attached (e.g., sewn, adhered, welded) to the bottom panel 110B on a side opposite the attachment point 114B.
  • the top panel 110A and the bottom panel HOB are formed from the same material as the second material (e.g., a knit or interlock fabric) on the exterior surface of the mattress pad.
  • the non-slip pieces 112A, 112B are formed from foam.
  • the non-slip pieces 112A, 112B are formed from latex, silicon, or rubber.
  • the non-slip pieces 112 A, 112B are preferably moisture wicking and/or antimicrobial.
  • the non-slip pieces 112A, 112B are printed onto the top panel 110A and the bottom panel HOB.
  • top panel 110A and the bottom panel HOB are between about 18 cm (about 7 inches) and about 76 cm (about 30 inches) in length. In a preferred embodiment, top panel 110A and the bottom panel HOB are about 66 cm (about 26 inches) in length.
  • the top panel 110A and the bottom panel HOB act as a non- slip surface.
  • the top panel 110A and the bottom panel HOB are made of gripper or anti-slip fabric.
  • the non-slip pieces 112 A and 112B are not needed because the top panel 110A and the bottom panel HOB act as the non-slip surface.
  • the single mattress pad is preferably reversible, such that the mattress pad is operable when either exposed surface is facing upward.
  • this allows the flexible hose to exit on either the left or the right side of the bed.
  • This reversibility eliminates the need to manufacture single mattress pads with a "left" configuration or a "right” configuration for single users of a full, queen, or king size bed and/or single users where a bed is positioned such that a particular configuration is required (e.g., a bed positioned against a wall).
  • FIG. 13 is an exploded view of a single mattress pad.
  • the mattress pad 11 is shown above the mattress 102 and the box springs or foundation 104. While in use, the mattress pad 11 is placed on top of the mattress 102.
  • the ends of the mattress pad 11 are attached to panels 110A, HOB.
  • Panels 110A, HOB are placed over the head and foot ends of the mattress 102, with the ends of the panels 110A, HOB sandwiched between the mattress 102 and box springs or foundation 104.
  • the mattress pad 11 preferably contains a plurality of holes or openings 100 in the surface of the mattress pad 11.
  • a first layer having a plurality of holes or openings is permanently affixed to a second layer having a plurality of holes or openings along a periphery of the mattress pad and a periphery of each of the plurality of holes or openings.
  • At least one interior chamber is defined between an interior surface of the first layer and an interior surface of the second layer.
  • the at least one interior chamber is constructed and configured to retain a fluid without leaking.
  • the interior surface of the first layer and the interior surface of the second layer are made of at least one layer of a waterproof material.
  • the mattress pad does not contain a plurality of holes or openings in the surface in the mattress pad.
  • a first layer is permanently affixed to a second layer along a periphery of the mattress pad.
  • the waterproof material is stretchable.
  • the stretch rate of the waterproof material is equal to or greater than the stretch rate of surrounding materials (e.g., a mattress).
  • this prevents the mattress pad from gathering and bunching underneath a user.
  • FIG. 14 is an exploded view of an end of a single mattress pad.
  • the mattress pad 11 is formed of at least two layers of waterproof material as shown in FIGS. 9A-9D.
  • the panel 110 is permanently affixed (e.g., sewn, adhered, welded) between a first layer of a waterproof material 602 and a second layer of a waterproof material 604.
  • a non-slip piece 112 is permanently affixed (e.g., sewn, adhered, welded) to the panel.
  • the non-slip piece 112 is formed from foam.
  • the non-slip pieces 112 are formed from latex, silicon, or rubber.
  • the non-slip pieces 112 are preferably moisture wicking and/or antimicrobial.
  • FIG. 15 is a side perspective view of an end of a single mattress pad.
  • the mattress pad 11 has a first layer of waterproof material 602 and a second layer of waterproof material 604.
  • a first end of panel 110 is attached to the first layer of waterproof material 602 and the second layer of waterproof material 604.
  • the panel 110 is permanently affixed (e.g., sewn, adhered, welded) between the first layer of waterproof material 602 and the second layer of waterproof material 604.
  • the external surface of the first layer of waterproof material 602 and the second layer of waterproof material 604 are folded over to attach to the first end of panel 110.
  • a non-slip piece 112 is permanently affixed (e.g., sewn, adhered, welded) to the end opposite of the first end of panel 110.
  • the non-slip piece 112 is formed from foam.
  • the non-slip pieces 112 are formed from latex, silicon, or rubber.
  • the non-slip pieces 112 are preferably moisture wicking and/or antimicrobial.
  • the mattress pad includes interlock or knit fabric on exterior surfaces of the mattress pad.
  • the exterior surfaces of the mattress pad are covered with a woven fabric, a non- woven fabric, or a polymer film (e.g., urethane or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)).
  • the mattress pad includes a spacer layer between an interior surface of the first layer of waterproof material 602 and an interior surface of the second layer of waterproof material 604.
  • FIG. 16 is a top perspective view of a double mattress pad.
  • the mattress pad 11 has two independent thermally regulated surface zones "A" and "B".
  • the mattress pad 11 has a first flexible hose 106A and a second flexible hose 106B.
  • the first flexible hose 106A attaches to a first control unit (not shown) and the second flexible hose 106B attaches to a second control unit (not shown).
  • the center of the mattress pad 11 contains an area free of holes or openings 124.
  • the area free of holes or openings 124 contains a welded separator 126, which provides a boundary between the two independent thermally regulated surface zones "A" and "B".
  • FIG. 17 is another top perspective view of a double mattress pad.
  • the mattress pad 11 has a top end panel 110A, a left side panel HOB, a right side panel HOC, and a bottom end panel HOD.
  • the top end panel HOA, the left side panel HOB, the right side panel HOC, and the bottom end panel HOD are preferably formed from a material with stretch (e.g., interlock or knit).
  • each corner of the mattress pad 11 contains at least one non- slip piece.
  • a top non-slip piece and a bottom non-slip piece are attached to each corner of the mattress pad 11. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the corner between the top panel HOA and the left side panel HOB has a non-slip piece 130A
  • the corner between the top panel HOB and the right side panel HOC has a non-slip piece 130B
  • the corner between the left side panel HOB and the bottom end panel HOD has a non-slip piece 130C
  • the corner between the right side panel HOC and the bottom end panel HOD has a non-slip piece 130D.
  • the mattress pad 11 preferably contains at least one weld line or other separation to help manage the flow of fluid in the at least one interior chamber.
  • the at least one weld line 105 directs the fluid flow through the pad from head to foot, and returns the fluid to the control unit via the return line.
  • the mattress pad has a first weld line 105A to help manage the flow of fluid in the interior chamber of zone "A” and a second weld line 105B to help manage the flow of fluid in the interior chamber of zone "B".
  • first weld line 105A to help manage the flow of fluid in the interior chamber of zone "A"
  • a second weld line 105B to help manage the flow of fluid in the interior chamber of zone "B.
  • FIG. 18 is an exploded view of a double mattress pad.
  • the mattress pad 11 is shown above the mattress 102 and the box springs or foundation 104.
  • the mattress pad 11 has a first flexible hose 106A and a second flexible hose 106B.
  • the first flexible hose 106A attaches to a first control unit (not shown) and the second flexible hose 106B attaches to a second control unit (not shown).
  • the first flexible hose 106A and the second flexible hose 106B attach to the same control unit.
  • the surface of the mattress pad 11 contains a plurality of holes or openings 100 in the surface of the mattress pad 11.
  • FIG. 19 is an exploded view of the bottom left corner of one embodiment of a double mattress pad before the mattress pad is secured to the bed.
  • each corner of the mattress pad 11 contains a top non-slip piece 130C and a bottom non-slip piece 130C.
  • the top non-slip piece 130C and the bottom non-slip piece 130C are shown attached (e.g., sewn, adhered, welded) to the corner formed between the left side panel 110B and the bottom end panel HOD.
  • the left side panel HOB and the bottom end panel HOD are preferably formed from a material with stretch (e.g., interlock or knit).
  • elastic is attached (e.g., sewn, adhered, welded) to a bottom edge of the left side panel HOB and a bottom edge of the bottom end panel HOD.
  • elastic is encased at the bottom edge of the left side panel HOB and the bottom edge of the bottom end panel HOD.
  • the edge of the left side panel HOB and the edge of the bottom panel HOD are placed on top of the bottom non-slip piece 130C.
  • the top non-slip piece 130 is then placed on top the left side panel HOB, bottom panel HOD, and the bottom non-slip piece 130C.
  • the top non-slip piece 130C and bottom non-slip piece 130C are preferably formed from non-slip foam.
  • the top non-slip piece 130C and bottom non-slip piece 130C are formed from silicone, rubber, or latex.
  • the left side panel HOB and the bottom panel HOD are formed from a material with stretch (e.g., interlock or knit). The top non-slip piece 130C and bottom non-slip piece 130C provide friction to keep the mattress pad in place.
  • FIG. 20 is a view of the bottom left corner of a double mattress pad after the mattress pad is secured to the bed.
  • FIG. 21 is a view of another embodiment of the mattress pad.
  • the plurality of holes or openings 100 is shown in a circle shape in FIG. 21.
  • the voids created by the plurality of holes or openings 100 include at least 80% of the surface area of the mattress pad 11 in this embodiment.
  • the at least one remote device is operable to
  • target temperatures can be set at any time, those target temperatures can be manipulated through the sleeping period in order to match user preferences or a program to correlate with user sleep cycles to produce a deeper, more restful sleep.
  • Non-REM sleep There are two main types of sleep: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep.
  • a sleep cycle typically lasts about 90 minutes, with REM sleep and non-REM sleep alternating within the sleep cycle.
  • Non-REM sleep is divided into three stages: Stage 1 ("Nl”, drowsy sleep), Stage 2 ("N2", light sleep), and Stage 3 ("N3", deep sleep).
  • the Nl stage is a transitional stage between wakefulness and sleep, and is
  • Nl sleep characterized as a very light and easily disrupted sleep.
  • breathing becomes more regular and the heart rate slows.
  • Nl sleep typically lasts less than 10 minutes and accounts for approximately 2-5% of total sleep time.
  • the N2 stage is a deeper stage of sleep.
  • N2 sleep accounts for approximately 45-50% of total sleep time because sleepers pass through the N2 stage multiple times throughout the night.
  • the N3 stage is deep sleep.
  • brain temperature, breathing rate, heart rate, and blood pressure are each at their lowest levels. Deep sleep is associated with repairing and regrowing tissues, building bone and muscle, and strengthening the immune system.
  • REM sleep is a stage of sleep associated with random movement of the eyes. REM sleep accounts for approximately 20-25% of total sleep time. The first period of REM sleep begins approximately 90 minutes after sleep begins and lasts for approximately 10 minutes. Further, REM sleep is more prevalent in the last half of a sleeping period, such that the last REM stage may last up to about 60 minutes. Heart rate, breath rate, and blood pressure increase during REM sleep. Additionally, due to high brain activity, dreams are more prevalent in REM sleep. REM is associated with preserving memories and building neural connections.
  • the target temperature of the mattress pad can be manipulated over time through programmatic control using the at least one remote device. Because the target temperature can be manipulated using the at least one remote device, those target temperatures can be manipulated through the sleeping period to allow a user to spend more time in REM and/or deep sleep.
  • FIG. 22A illustrates a graph of the sleep cycle for a normal sleeper.
  • a normal sleeper enters deep sleep 3-5 times in a sleeping period.
  • FIG. 22B illustrates a graph of the sleep cycle for a restless sleeper.
  • Restless sleep is characterized by little or no deep sleep. Additionally, the sleep cycles are uneven. The sleeper may awaken several times throughout the night and have difficulty falling back asleep. Further, the time to sleep may be delayed and/or the sleeper may wake up earlier, as shown in FIG. 22B.
  • FIG. 22C illustrates a graph of the sleep cycle for a temperature-manipulated sleeper.
  • the mattress pad cools the user to induce a sleep cycle. Additional cooling may be applied while the user is in deep sleep to extend the time spent in deep sleep. Slight warming (e.g.,
  • 0.278°C/minute may be applied within a sleep cycle to move the user from deep sleep to REM sleep at a faster pace, such that less time is spent in N2 sleep.
  • the temperature is increased (e.g., 0.278°C/minute (0.5°F/minute)) to gently awaken the user.
  • gently awakening the user by increasing the temperature prevents sleep inertia. Sleep inertia is characterized by impaired cognitive and motor function after awakening. It can take several hours to recover from sleep inertia, which presents a danger for individuals who need to make important decisions or perform tasks safely (e.g., driving).
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes a Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) device.
  • PEMF therapy has many applications, including healing fractures, improving sleep, and treating migraines and depression.
  • the PEMF device includes a power supply coupled to a circuit that produces an AC or DC output that is transmitted to at least one inductor coil.
  • the inductor coil is formed of wire windings wrapped around a coil body with an open center or a ferrous core. The inductor coil emits an
  • the inductor coil is formed from copper.
  • the circuit produces a pulsed or time-varying output as a square wave, a sawtooth wave, a rectangular wave, a triangular wave, a trapezoidal wave, a sine wave, or an impulse.
  • the pulsed or time-varying output can be at any voltage and/or frequency.
  • the pulsed or time- varying output results in a pulsed or time-varying PEMF produced by the inductor coil. If the circuit produces an AC output, the positions of the north and south poles of the electromagnetic field change with each cycle. If the circuit produces a DC output, the positions of the north and south poles of the electromagnetic field remain constant.
  • the PEMF device includes at least one coil. In one embodiment, the PEMF device includes at least two coils per user. In a preferred embodiment, the PEMF device includes a pair of coils corresponding to a first region (e.g., head and neck), a pair of coils corresponding to a second region (e.g., torso and hips), and a pair of coils corresponding to a third region (e.g., legs and feet). In one example, the PEMF device includes six coils for a single user and twelve coils for two users (six coils per user). In other examples, the PEMF device includes two coils per user, three coils per user, four coils per user, five coils per user, seven coils per user, or eight coils per user.
  • the PEMF device produces a magnetic field greater than about 10 gauss. In a preferred embodiment, the PEMF device produces a magnetic field of between about 80 and about 100 gauss. In yet another preferred embodiment, the PEMF device produces a square wave. In another embodiment, the intensity of the electromagnetic field is greater near the legs and feet and weaker near the head and neck.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates an embodiment of a PEMF device with three coils.
  • the PEMF device 784 is a mat with three coils.
  • the PEMF device 784 includes a first coil 2302 corresponding to a first region (e.g., head and neck), a second coil 2304
  • a second region e.g., torso and hips
  • a third coil 2306 corresponding to a third region (e.g., legs and feet).
  • the third coil 2306 produces a stronger electromagnetic field than the second coil 2304, and the second coil 2304 produces a stronger electromagnetic field than the first coil 2302.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates the electromagnetic fields produced by the PEMF device of FIG. 23.
  • a user 2400 is positioned such that the user's back is against the mat.
  • the three coils produce a first electromagnetic field 2402 corresponding to a first region (e.g., head and neck), a second electromagnetic field 2404 corresponding to a second region (e.g., torso and hips), and a third electromagnetic field 2406 corresponding to a third region (e.g., legs and feet).
  • the third electromagnetic field 2406 is stronger than the second electromagnetic field 2404
  • the second electromagnetic field 2404 is stronger than the first electromagnetic field 2402.
  • the electromagnetic fields 2402, 2404, and 2406 are of the same strength.
  • FIG. 25 shows a table of frequencies and the effects on tissues.
  • the PEMF device produces a frequency between about 0 Hz and about 100 Hz. In a preferred embodiment, the PEMF device produces a frequency of about 10 Hz. In another preferred embodiment, the PEMF device produces a frequency between about 7 Hz and about 8 Hz. In yet another preferred embodiment, the PEMF device produces a frequency of about 2 Hz, about 15 Hz, and/or about 20 Hz.
  • frequencies between about 0 Hz and about 30 Hz correspond to delta (0-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), and beta (12-40 Hz) brainwaves. In one example, the PEMF device produces a frequency of about 2 Hz to promote sleep. The user's brainwaves slow to match the frequency generated by the PEMF device (i.e., 2 Hz) and, thus, promotes sleep.
  • FIG. 26 illustrates selected acupressure points located in the upper body.
  • the PEMF device includes at least one coil corresponding to a region including acupressure points B10, GV16, and/or GB20.
  • Acupressure point B10 is a significant acupressure point for relieving insomnia, stress, and exhaustion.
  • Acupressure point GV16 aids in treating insomnia and sleeping disorders caused by stress and anxiety.
  • Acupressure point GB20 provides relief from insomnia, fatigue, low energy, and headaches.
  • the PEMF device includes at least one coil corresponding to a region including acupressure points B38. In one embodiment, the PEMF device includes one coil centered between acupressure points B38.
  • the PEMF device includes two coils corresponding to acupressure points B38 (i.e., one coil per acupressure point B38).
  • Acupressure point B38 is an important acupressure point for treating sleep disorders and promoting restful sleep. Stimulating B38 helps in balancing negative emotions (e.g., stress, anxiety, grief, fear) that prevent sleep.
  • the PEMF device produces a magnetic field located over at least one meridian line used in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
  • the PEMF device produces a magnetic field isolated to a specific area.
  • the PEMF device is incorporated into a mattress.
  • the PEMF device is operable to be placed under the box springs or foundation (e.g., on the floor).
  • the PEMF device is a pad placed on top of the mattress.
  • the PEMF device is incorporated into a pillow.
  • the PEMF device is a ring.
  • the ring allows for localized treatment (e.g., neck, arm, leg).
  • the PEMF device preferably has at least one processor.
  • the processor may be a general -purpose microprocessor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU)), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a microcontroller, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a controller, a state machine, gated or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any other suitable entity or combinations thereof that can perform calculations, process instructions for execution, and/or other manipulations of information.
  • one or more of the at least one processor is operable to run predefined programs stored in at least one memory of the PEMF device.
  • the PEMF device preferably includes at least one antenna, which allows the PEMF device to receive and process input data (e.g., temperature settings, start and stop commands) from at least one remote device (e.g., smartphone, tablet, laptop computer, desktop computer, remote control).
  • the at least one remote device is in wireless network communication with the PEMF device.
  • the wireless communication is, by way of example and not limitation, radiofrequency, Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, Wi-Fi®, wireless local area networking, near field communication (NFC), or other similar commercially utilized standards.
  • the at least one remote device is in wired communication with the PEMF device through USB or equivalent.
  • the PEMF device is operable to be used before a sleeping period to promote sleep, during a sleeping period to maintain sleep, and after a sleeping period to wake a user.
  • different frequencies, patterns, and field lines are offered in
  • the PEMF device includes settings for various conditions and/or body types (e.g., joint pain, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, nightmares, back pain, multiple sclerosis, pinched nerves, asthma, swelling and inflammation, tissue repair, cell growth).
  • various conditions and/or body types e.g., joint pain, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, nightmares, back pain, multiple sclerosis, pinched nerves, asthma, swelling and inflammation, tissue repair, cell growth).
  • the PEMF device is used to aid a user in sleeping for a sleeping period of about 8 hours.
  • the PEMF device starts at a recovery mode with a frequency of 9.6 Hz. After 15 minutes at 9.6 Hz, the frequency falls to 3Hz and cycles between 3 Hz and 1 Hz four times in 7.25 hours. The polarity changes from north to south every about 30 minutes. For the final 15 minutes of the sleeping period, the frequency increases to 12 Hz and then 14.1 Hz to ensure the user wakes up.
  • the PEMF device is used to aid a user in sleeping for a sleeping period of about 8 hours.
  • the PEMF device starts at a recovery mode with a frequency of 9.6 Hz. After 15 minutes at 9.6 Hz, the frequency drops from 9.6 Hz to 1 Hz over a 30-minute period. The frequency then cycles between 5 Hz and 1 Hz four times in 7.25 hours. The polarity changes from north to south every about 30 minutes. For the final 15 minutes of the sleeping period, the frequency increases to 12 Hz and then 14.1 Hz to ensure the user wakes up.
  • the PEMF device is used to aid a user in sleeping for a sleeping period of about 8 hours.
  • the PEMF device starts at a recovery mode with a frequency of 9.6 Hz. After 15 minutes at 9.6 Hz, the frequency drops from 9.6 Hz to 1 Hz over a 30-minute period. The frequency then cycles between 5 Hz and 1 Hz six times in 7.25 hours. The polarity changes from north to south every about 30 minutes. For the final 15 minutes of the sleeping period, the frequency increases to 12 Hz and then 14.1 Hz to ensure the user wakes up.
  • the PEMF device is used to aid a user who struggles to fall asleep.
  • the PEMF device starts with a frequency at 3 Hz.
  • the frequency cycles between 3 Hz and 1 Hz four times in 7.25 hours.
  • the polarity changes from north to south every about 30 minutes.
  • the frequency increases to 12 Hz and then 14.1 Hz to ensure the user wakes up.
  • the PEMF device is used to aid a user who struggles to fall asleep.
  • the PEMF device starts with a frequency at 1 Hz.
  • the polarity changes from north to south every about 30 minutes.
  • the frequency increases to 14.1 Hz to ensure the user wakes up.
  • the PEMF device is used to aid a user in taking a power nap.
  • the PEMF device maintains a frequency of 9.6 Hz for about 15 minutes to about 30 minutes.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes a Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) device.
  • TENS is a form of therapy that uses electrical stimulation for pain relief. Examples of a TENS device include U. S. Patent Nos. 8,948,876, 9,675,801, and 9, 731, 126 and U.S. Publication Nos. 20140296935, 20140309709, and 20170056643, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the TENS device preferably has a monophasic, a symmetric biphasic, or an asymmetric biphasic waveform.
  • the TENS device has a pulse amplitude between about 1 mA and about 50 mA.
  • the TENS device has a pulse duration between about 50 microseconds and about 500 microseconds.
  • the TENS device has a frequency between about 1 Hz and about 200 Hz.
  • the TENS device has a continuous pulse pattern or a burst pulse pattern.
  • the TENS device preferably has a single channel or double channels.
  • the TENS device is used to activate A-delta fibers.
  • the TENS device uses a pulse frequency of between about 60 Hz and about 100 Hz with a pulse duration of less than 300 microseconds.
  • the pulse frequency is preferably 80 Hz.
  • the pulse duration is preferably between about 60 microseconds and about 100 microseconds.
  • a treatment duration lasts between about 30 minutes and about 24 hours.
  • the TENS device is used to release ⁇ -endorphins.
  • the TENS device uses a pulse frequency of less than 10 Hz and a pulse width between about 150 microseconds and about 300 microseconds.
  • the pulse frequency is preferably between about 1 Hz and about 5 Hz.
  • the pulse duration is preferably between about 200 microseconds and about 300 microseconds.
  • a treatment duration lasts between about 20 minutes and about 40 minutes.
  • the TENS device is used stimulate active C fibers.
  • the TENS device uses a pulse frequency of between about 60 Hz and about 100 Hz with a pulse duration of between about 200 microseconds and about 1000 microseconds.
  • the pulse frequency is preferably 100 Hz.
  • the pulse duration is preferably 200 microseconds.
  • a treatment duration lasts between about 15 minutes and about 30 minutes.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes a sound generator.
  • Sound can positively impact sleep, alleviate pain, manage stress, and promote wellness. Sounds can cause an individual to fall asleep, move between sleep stages, or wake. Sounds including, but not limited to, white noise, heartbeat, or environmental sounds (e.g., rain, ocean waves, thunderstorms, rainforests, wind, birds, river, waterfalls, city noise) can help users fall asleep and stay asleep.
  • white noise e.g., white noise, heartbeat, or environmental sounds (e.g., rain, ocean waves, thunderstorms, rainforests, wind, birds, river, waterfalls, city noise) can help users fall asleep and stay asleep.
  • the sound generator is preferably operable to generate sound both within and outside of the audible range for humans.
  • the sound generator is operable to generate low frequency sounds (i.e., below 20 Hz). These low frequency sounds accelerate healing and strengthen immune function.
  • the sound generator is operable to play at least one sound during a sleeping period.
  • the sound generator is operable to fade at least one sound to quiet.
  • the sound generator is operable to play binaural beats. Binaural beats occur when two pure-tone sine waves of different frequencies are sent simultaneously to the left ear and the right ear. As a result, the brain perceives a third tone based on the difference between the two frequencies.
  • the two pure-tone sine waves each have a frequency lower than 1500 Hz and differ in frequency by less than 40 Hz. In a preferred embodiment, the two pure- tone sine waves each have a frequency lower than 1000 Hz and differ in frequency by less than 30 Hz.
  • Binaural beats may help induce mental states, including relaxation, meditation, and creativity.
  • the sound generator is operable to play a guided meditation for a user.
  • the guided meditation includes exhalation and inhalation cues to reduce stress and/or promote sleep.
  • the guided meditation includes guided imagery (e.g., beach, meadow) to reduce stress and/or promote sleep.
  • the guided meditation includes physical directions for a user (e.g., allow the jaw to drop, wiggle the toes, open the hands).
  • the sound generator is incorporated into the control unit of the mattress pad.
  • the sound generator is incorporated into the alarm clock, the sunrise simulator, and/or the sunset simulator.
  • the sound generator is incorporated into the remote device.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes an air purification system.
  • the air purification system removes air pollutants and allergens from the sleep environment.
  • the air purification system is a high-efficiency particulate arrestance (HEP A) filter, an activated carbon filter, a photocatalytic (e.g., titanium dioxide) filter, a polarized-media electronic air cleaner, a negative ion generator or ionizer, a germicidal UV lamp, a heat sterilizer, a size exclusion filter, and/or an electrostatic dust collector.
  • the air purification system is operable to change settings (e.g., on/off) through a third-party system and/or home automation system (e.g., Amazon® Alexa®, Apple®
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes a scent generator to trigger relaxation and sleep and/or an awakened state.
  • scents e.g., lavender, vetiver, chamomile, ylang ylang, bergamot, sandalwood, marjoram, cedarwood, jasmine, vanilla, geranium, rose
  • Other scents e.g., coffee, lemon, cinnamon, mint, orange, grapefruit, rosemary
  • the scent generator includes at least one scent cartridge that is activated by temperature.
  • the at least one scent cartridge comprises scents to trigger relaxation and sleep and scents to trigger an awakened state in a preferred embodiment.
  • scent generators including at least one scent cartridge include U.S. Patent Nos. 6,581,915, 6,834,847, 7,160,515, 7,223,361, 7,691,336, 7,981,367, 8,016,207, 8,061,628, 8,119,064, 8,210,448, 8,349,251, 8,651,395, and 8,721,962 and U.S. Publication Nos. 20140377130, 20150048178, 20170070845, and 20170076403, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the scent generator is at least one diffuser.
  • the at least one diffuser is incorporated into the control unit of the mattress pad.
  • the at least one diffuser is incorporated into the alarm clock, the sunrise simulator, and/or the sunset simulator.
  • the at least one diffuser is incorporated into a headboard. Examples of a diffuser include U.S. Patent Nos. 5,805,768, 7,878,418, 9,126,215, 9,358,557, 9,421,295, 9,511,166, 9,517,286, and 9,527,094 and U.S. Publication No. 20160243576, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the housing of the control unit is infused with a scent to trigger relaxation and sleep.
  • a scent to trigger relaxation and sleep.
  • a method of infusing a plastic with a scent is described in U.S. Patent No. 7,741,266, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the mattress pad, the mattress, or bedding e.g., sheets, comforter, pillowcase
  • the scent generator is incorporated into the humidifier and/or the dehumidifier.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system is operable to control lighting in a room and/or a house.
  • the lighting includes at least one smart light bulb (e.g., Philips® HueTM, Cree® Connected®, C by GE®).
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system is operable to change a color and/or intensity of the lighting.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes blue light in the morning to wake an individual and reduces the blue light at night to promote sleep.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system dims the lighting at night and increases the intensity of the lighting in the morning.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system integrates with an external application and/or home automation system (e.g., Amazon® Alexa®, Apple® HomeKitTM, Google® HomeTM, IF This Then That® (IFTTT®), Nest®) to control the lighting.
  • an external application and/or home automation system e.g., Amazon® Alexa®, Apple® HomeKitTM, Google® HomeTM, IF This Then That® (IFTTT®), Nest®
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes a red light and/or near-infrared lighting device.
  • the red light and/or near-infrared lighting device includes at least one red light and/or at least one near-infrared light.
  • Red light therapy stimulates production of collagen and elastin, reduces inflammation and joint pain, improves the appearance of wrinkles and stretch marks, reduces acne and eczema, increases circulation, and improves healing of wounds and injuries. Further, red or near-infrared light at night may aid in the production of melatonin and promote sleep.
  • the at least one red light and/or the at least one near-infrared light is a light-emitting diode (LED).
  • the red light and/or near-infrared lighting device emits a wavelength of light between about 600 nm and about 1000 nm, and more preferably between about 660 nm and about 670 nm and/or between about 830 nm and about 850 nm.
  • the red light and/or near-infrared lighting device emits a wavelength of light between about 1400 nm and about 1600 nm (e.g., 1450 nm, 1550nm).
  • the red light and/or near- infrared lighting device produces a continuous wave or pulsed wave.
  • the red light and/or near-infrared lighting device produces a pulsed wave with a frequency between about 10 Hz and about 40 Hz.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes a sunrise simulator consisting of a light that gradually increases in brightness to wake a user. Bright lights can increase levels of alertness and boost mood.
  • the sunrise simulator is operable to take about 15 minutes, about 30 minutes, about 45 minutes, about 60 minutes, or about 90 minutes to reach full brightness.
  • the sunrise simulator is operable to take about 30 minutes to increase light from 0 percent of full brightness (i.e., light off) to 100 percent of full brightness.
  • the sunrise simulator is incorporated into the alarm clock.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes a sunset simulator that gradually decreases in brightness to relax a user and promote sleep.
  • the sunset simulator is operable to take about 15 minutes, about 30 minutes, about 45 minutes, about 60 minutes, or about 90 minutes to reach full darkness.
  • the sunset simulator is operable to take about 30 minutes to decrease light from 100 percent of full brightness to 0 percent of full brightness (i.e., light off).
  • the sunset simulator is incorporated into the alarm clock.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system is operable to control the room temperature, the fan, the humidifier, and/or the dehumidifier settings (e.g., on/off, temperature up, temperature down).
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system is operable to change the settings through a third-party system and/or home automation system (e.g., Amazon® Alexa®, Apple® HomeKitTM, Google® HomeTM, IF This Then That® (IFTTT®), Nest®).
  • a third-party system and/or home automation system e.g., Amazon® Alexa®, Apple® HomeKitTM, Google® HomeTM, IF This Then That® (IFTTT®), Nest®.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes an alarm clock.
  • the alarm clock is incorporated in the remote device.
  • the alarm clock includes the sunrise simulator and/or the sunset simulator.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes a device that emits a corrective signal to target electromagnetic fields (EMF).
  • EMFs are the radiation associated with the use of electrical power and different forms of lighting (e.g., natural, man-made). These EMFs may cause stress to the body, which triggers a decrease in energy and an immune response. Further, EMFs may decrease the production of melatonin in the body. Symptoms of exposure to EMFs may include headaches, fatigue, irritability, depression, insomnia, poor memory, and/or shortness of breath.
  • the corrective signal is a harmonic resonance that interacts with EMFs.
  • the device emits a corrective resonance through electronic devices plugged into circuitry of a bedroom, a home, or an office.
  • the device is worn on a user's body (e.g., necklace).
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes a device for generating static magnetic fields.
  • Static magnets are often used in bracelets, shoe inserts, necklaces, and bedding to subtly influence the tissues that come in contact with the magnets and its static magnetic field.
  • a static magnetic field exhibits no change in the flux density or intensity over the time interval of use or measurement. Static magnetic fields may improve pain and aid with sleep disorders.
  • the static magnetic fields are used to stimulate a user's body along acupuncture Meridian lines.
  • the device for generating static magnetic fields includes a plurality of magnets to produce a negative magnetic field directed towards a sleep surface and a positive magnetic field directed away from the sleep surface.
  • the device for generating static magnetic fields is positioned above a mattress or between the mattress and the box springs or foundation.
  • a device for generating static magnetic fields is described in U.S. Patent No. 6,702,730, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the plurality of magnets is formed from ceramic or neodymium magnets.
  • the plurality of magnets is formed from electromagnets.
  • the device for generating static magnetic fields is operable to generate a magnetic field greater than about 0.5 gauss.
  • the Earth's magnetic field averages 0.5 gauss and completely penetrates the body, so a static magnet with a field strength lower than 0.5 gauss would not be expected to be active.
  • the device for generating static magnetic fields is operable to generate a magnetic field between about 300 gauss to about 3000 gauss.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes a device for grounding or earthing a user's body.
  • Grounding or earthing is a practice whereby individuals connect themselves electrostatically to the earth by walking barefoot outdoors or by using grounded conductive mats, bed sheets, or body bands when indoors.
  • Grounding is based on the theory that the earth is a source of negatively charged free electrons, and, when in contact with the earth, the body can use these free electrons as antioxidants to neutralize free radicals within the body.
  • a surface in contact with the body e.g., mattress pad, a sheet
  • a surface in contact with the body is attached to a wire that is electrically connected to an electrical outlet ground port.
  • the surface in contact with the body is attached to a wire that is connected to a ground rod. Examples of a device for grounding the body are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,683,779, 7,212,392, and 7,724,491, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes far infrared reflection technology (e.g., Celliant®, Redwave®).
  • the far infrared reflection technology absorbs and converts body heat into infrared (IR) energy that increases blood flow to muscles and tissues in the body.
  • the far infrared reflection technology is formed from
  • the far infrared reflection technology is included in a set of sheets, a bed covering (e.g., comforter, duvet, duvet cover), or a mattress cover. In another embodiment, the far infrared reflection technology is included in sleepwear.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes electromagnetic fields blocking.
  • Electromagnetic fields EMFs
  • Wi-Fi wireless technologies
  • power lines e.g., Wi-Fi
  • power lines e.g., cellular phones and cellular phone towers
  • cordless phones e.g., cordless phones
  • electrical wiring e.g., electrical wiring in homes and businesses
  • appliances e.g., televisions, microwaves
  • computers e.g., televisions, microwaves
  • radios e.g., smart meters, and lighting.
  • Some researchers advocate for shielding against EMFs, especially while sleeping, because this is when the body repairs itself.
  • Electromagnetic fields may disrupt production of melatonin, which is responsible for regulating daily sleep/wake cycles. This may lead to long-term health effects, including suppression of the immune system.
  • a Faraday cage blocks the EMFs.
  • the Faraday cage includes at least one shielding fabric to protect a bed or sleep space from EMFs.
  • the at least one shielding fabric is comprised of at least one base material and at least one metal.
  • the at least one base material is polyester, cotton, rayon, silk, bamboo and/or nylon.
  • the at least one metal is silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, and/or tin.
  • a first shielding fabric is placed under the bed or the mattress and a second shielding fabric is placed above the bed as a canopy that surrounds the bed.
  • a Faraday cage may block wireless transmissions of data from the at least one body sensor.
  • the at least one body sensor obtains measurements before or after a sleeping period.
  • the at least one body sensor collects and stores data during a sleeping period.
  • the at least one body sensor is operable to transmit the data to the at least one remote device after the sleeping period.
  • FIG. 27 illustrates one embodiment of an integrated bed system 2700.
  • the integrated bed system 2700 includes a headboard 2702, a footboard 2704, and a bed frame 2706 to support a mattress 102 and a box springs or foundation 104.
  • the headboard 2702, the footboard 2704, and/or the bed frame 2706 include EMF shielding and/or positive ion shielding.
  • the headboard 2702 includes at least one red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792.
  • the at least one red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792 preferably folds away from the headboard 2702 manually and/or automatically (e.g., on a timer).
  • the at least one red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792 includes at least one hinge, at least one spring, at least one piston, and/or at least one motor to reposition the at least one red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792.
  • the at least one red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792 is permanently fixed to the headboard 2702 facing a sleeping surface.
  • the at least one red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792 is two red light and/or near-infrared lighting devices. Advantageously, this allows each user of a two-person bed to independently operate a red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792.
  • the at least one red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792 is positioned above the sleeping surface (e.g., on a ceiling).
  • the at least one red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792 includes at least one fan. The at least one fan cools the user from heat generated by the at least one red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792.
  • the mattress 102 includes a PEMF device 784 embedded in the mattress 102.
  • the PEMF device 784 has a first coil 2302 corresponding to a first region (e.g., head and neck), a second coil 2304 corresponding to a second region (e.g., torso and hips), and a third coil 2306 corresponding to a third region (e.g., legs and feet).
  • the PEMF device 784 is embedded in the box springs or foundation 104.
  • the PEMF device 784 is placed under the box springs or foundation 104 (e.g., on the floor, between the box springs or foundation 104 and the bed frame 2706).
  • the integrated bed system 2700 includes a combination mattress pad and red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 2710.
  • the combination mattress pad and red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 2710 includes a mattress pad and a red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792.
  • the integrated bed system 2700 includes a mattress pad and/or a red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792.
  • the mattress pad and/or the red light and/or near- infrared lighting device 792 are positioned on a sleep surface (e.g., mattress 102).
  • the mattress pad and/or the red light and/or near-infrared lighting device are embedded in the mattress 102.
  • a control box 2708 controls electronic components of the integrated bed system 2700.
  • the control box 2708 preferably has at least one processor.
  • the processor may be a general-purpose microprocessor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU)), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a microcontroller, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a controller, a state machine, gated or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any other suitable entity or combinations thereof that can perform calculations, process instructions for execution, and/or other manipulations of information.
  • one or more of the at least one processor is operable to run predefined programs stored in at least one memory of the control box 2708.
  • the control box 2708 preferably includes at least one antenna, which allows the control box 2708 to receive and process input data (e.g., temperature settings, start and stop commands) from at least one remote device (e.g., smartphone, tablet, laptop computer, desktop computer, remote control).
  • the at least one remote device is in wireless network communication with the control box 2708.
  • the wireless communication is, by way of example and not limitation, radiofrequency, Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, Wi-Fi®, wireless local area networking, near field communication (NFC), or other similar commercially utilized standards.
  • the at least one remote device is in wired communication with the control box 2708 through USB or equivalent.
  • the at least one remote device is operable to adjust settings (e.g., therapy on/off, temperature settings, PEMF settings) for the components of the integrated bed system 2700.
  • the at least one remote device preferably has a user interface (e.g., a mobile application for a smartphone or tablet, buttons on a remote control) that allows a user to select target therapies using the integrated bed system 2700.
  • the control box 2708 may further include other features and electronics not shown.
  • the control box 2708 includes features of the control unit for the mattress pad (e.g., at least one fluid reservoir, at least one mechanism for forming structured water).
  • the control box 2708 includes a touch control and display board, overheat protectors, fluid level sensor, thermostat, additional case fans, and/or at least one speaker.
  • the control box 2708 may also include an external power cord designed to plug into standard household electrical outlets, or may be powered using rechargeable or non-rechargeable batteries.
  • the touch control and display board includes a power button, temperature selection buttons (e.g., up arrow and down arrow), and/or an LCD to display the temperature.
  • the touch control and display board includes a program selection menu.
  • FIG. 28 illustrates one embodiment of a headboard of an integrated bed system.
  • the headboard 2702 includes a red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792.
  • the red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792 In the example shown in FIG. 28, the headboard 2702 includes integrated speakers 2800 for the sound generator.
  • the integrated speakers 2800 are also operable to function as an alarm clock to wake a user with sound.
  • FIG. 29 illustrates one embodiment of a footboard of an integrated bed system.
  • the footboard 2704 includes integrated speakers 2800 for the sound generator.
  • the integrated speakers 2800 are also operable to function as an alarm clock to wake a user with sound.
  • FIG. 30 illustrates one embodiment of a red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792 of an integrated bed system.
  • the red light and/or near- infrared lighting device 792 includes at least one light emitting a first wavelength 3002 and at least one light emitting a second wavelength 3004.
  • the at least one light emitting a first wavelength 3002 has a wavelength between about 660 nm and about 670 nm and the at least one light emitting a second wavelength 3004 has a wavelength between about 830 nm and about 850 nm.
  • an equal number of the at least one light emitting a first wavelength 3002 and the at least one light emitting a second wavelength 3004 are shown in FIG.
  • the red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 792 includes at least one fan 3006.
  • the at least one fan 3006 cools the user from heat generated by the red light and/or near- infrared lighting device 792.
  • FIG. 31 illustrates one embodiment of a combination mattress pad and red light and/or near-infrared lighting device.
  • the combination mattress pad and red light and/or near- infrared lighting device 2710 includes a mattress pad 11 and a red light and/or near-infrared lighting device.
  • the red light and/or near-infrared lighting device includes at least one light emitting a first wavelength 3002 and at least one light emitting a second wavelength 3004.
  • the combination mattress pad and red light and/or near-infrared lighting device 2710 cools the user from heat generated by the red light and/or near-infrared lighting device portion using the mattress pad 11 portion.
  • FIG. 32 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the system architecture.
  • the remote device has a mobile application, preferably on a smartphone, which is in wireless communication with body sensors 702 and/or environmental sensors 704.
  • the mobile application is operable to communicate with third-party systems (e.g., Fitbit®, Jawbone®, Amazon® Alexa®, Apple® HomeKitTM, Google® HomeTM, IF This Then That® (IFTTT®), Nest®) and the system components 710.
  • the body sensors 702 and/or the environmental sensors 704 may communicate information to the mobile application through the third-party systems.
  • the system components 710 may communicate information to the mobile application through the third-party systems.
  • the mobile application communicates with the remote server 708 over the network.
  • a program is selected that provides optimized values for the sleeping period.
  • the program is preferably a predefined program or customized program based on user preferences.
  • the optimized values include, but are not limited to, sleep stage (e.g., awake, Stage Nl, Stage N2, Stage N3, REM Sleep), breath rate, heart rate, brain waves (e.g., beta waves, alpha waves, theta waves, delta waves), blood oxygen rate, body temperature, and/or settings for the system components 710.
  • the remote server 708 hosts a global analytics engine 754, a calibration engine 756, a simulation engine 758, and databases 796, 797, 798, and 799. Although four databases are shown, it is equally possible to have any number of databases greater than one.
  • the global analytics engine 754 generates predicted values for a monitored stress reduction and sleep promotion system using a virtual model of the stress reduction and sleep promotion system based on real-time data.
  • the calibration engine 756 modifies and updates the virtual model based on the real-time data. Any operational parameter of the virtual model may be modified by the calibration engine 756 as long as the resulting modification is operable to be processed by the virtual model.
  • the global analytics engine 754 analyzes differences between the predicted values and optimized values. If the difference between the optimized values and the predicted values is greater than a threshold, then the simulation engine 758 determines optimized values of the monitored stress reduction and sleep promotion system based on the real-time data and user preferences. The global analytics engine 754 determines whether a change in parameters of the system components 710 is necessary to optimize sleep based on the output of the simulation engine 758. If a change in parameters is necessary, the new parameters are transmitted to the mobile application on the remote device and then to the system components 710. The calibration engine 756 then updates the virtual model with the new parameters. Thus, the system
  • FIG. 33 is an illustration of a network of stress reduction and sleep promotion systems. Data from multiple users can be stored on a remote server 708.
  • the remote server 708 is connected through a network and cloud computing system to a plurality of remote devices 511. Each of the plurality of remote devices 511 is connected to body sensors 702 and/or
  • a user may opt into sending their data to the remote server 708, which is stored in at least one database on the remote server 708.
  • the simulation engine on the remote server 708 is operable to use data from the multiple users to determine customized and optimized sleep settings for the user based on personal preferences (e.g., a target number of hours of sleep, a preferred bed time, a preferred wake time, a faster time to fall asleep, fewer awakenings during the sleeping period, more REM sleep, more deep sleep, and/or a higher sleep efficiency) or physical condition (e.g., weight loss, comfort, athletic recovery, hot flashes, bed sores, depression).
  • the temperature settings for a temperature-conditioned mattress pad for a user with hot flashes are automatically determined by the simulation engine examining data obtained from other users with hot flashes and a temperature-conditioned mattress pad stored in databases on the remote server.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes a virtual model of the stress reduction and sleep promotion system.
  • the virtual model is initialized based on the program selected.
  • the virtual model of the stress reduction and sleep promotion system is dynamic, changing to reflect the status of the stress reduction and sleep promotion system in real time or near-real time.
  • the virtual model includes information from the body sensors and the
  • a sleep stage (e.g., awake, Stage Nl, Stage N2, Stage N3, REM sleep) for the user is determined from the data from the body sensors.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system is monitored to determine if there is a change in status of the body sensors (e.g., change in body temperature), the environmental sensors (e.g., change in room temperature), the system components (e.g., change in temperature of mattress pad), or sleep stage of the user. If there is a change in status, the virtual model is updated to reflect the change in status. Predicted values are generated for the stress reduction and sleep promotion system. If a difference between the optimized values and the predicted values is greater than a threshold, a simulation is run on the simulation engine to optimize the stress reduction and sleep promotion system based on the real-time data.
  • the body sensors e.g., change in body temperature
  • the environmental sensors e.g., change in room temperature
  • the system components e.g., change in temperature of mattress pad
  • sleep stage of the user e.g., sleep stage of the user. If there is a change in status, the virtual model is updated to reflect the change in status. Predicted values are generated for the stress reduction and sleep promotion
  • the simulation engine uses information including, but not limited to, global historical subjective data, global historical objective data, global historical environmental data, and/or global profile data to determine if a change in parameters is necessary to optimize the stress reduction and sleep promotion system.
  • the temperature of the mattress pad is lowered to keep a user in Stage N3 sleep for a longer period of time.
  • FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating an example process for monitoring a stress reduction and sleep promotion system and updating a virtual model based on monitored data.
  • a program to control the stress reduction and sleep promotion system is loaded onto a remote device.
  • the program is a predefined program or customized program based on user preferences. Optimized values including, but not limited to, the sleep status, parameters for system components, and/or times for changes, from the program are loaded onto the global analytics engine in step 2204.
  • Real-time data is received by the remote server via the remote device in step 2206.
  • the real-time data is used to monitor the status of the stress reduction and sleep promotion system in step 2208.
  • the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes body sensors, environmental sensors, a remote device with local storage, a remote server, and system components. Accordingly, the status of the body sensors, the environmental sensors, and the system components are monitored in step 2208, as well as the sleep status of a user. In step 2210, a determination is made regarding whether there is a change in the status of the monitored devices and/or the sleep state. If there is a change, then the virtual model is updated in step 2212 by the calibration engine to reflect the status change, i.e., the corresponding virtual components data is updated to reflect the actual status of the various monitored devices.
  • step 2214 predicted values for the monitored stress reduction and sleep promotion system are generated based on the current, real-time status of the monitored system.
  • the predicted values include, but are not limited to, sleep stage (e.g., awake, Stage Nl, Stage N2, Stage N3, REM Sleep).
  • step 2216 the optimized values loaded in step 2204 are compared with the predicted values obtained in step 2214.
  • step 2214 meaningful predicted values based on the actual condition of monitored stress reduction and sleep promotion system are generated in step 2214. These predicted values are then used to determine if further action should be taken based on the results of the comparison in step 2216. For example, if it is determined in step 2218 that the difference between the predicted values and the optimized values is less than or equal to a threshold, then a do not calibrate instruction is issued in step 2220. If the difference between the real-time data and the predicted values is greater than the threshold, as determined in step 2218, then an initiate simulation command is generated in step 2222. [00308] In step 2224, a function call to the simulation engine is generated in response to the initiate simulation command.
  • the simulation engine selects optimized values for the stress reduction and sleep promotion system in step 2226. These optimized values are updated on the global analytics engine in step 2204. Based on the output of the simulation engine, the global analytics engine determines if the optimized values require a change in parameters of the stress reduction and sleep promotion system (e.g., temperature of mattress pad, room temperature, lighting, mattress firmness, mattress elevation) in step 2228. In a preferred embodiment, the simulation engine uses the global historical subjective data, the global historical objective data, the global historical environmental data, and the global profile data to determine if the change in parameters is necessary. If a change in parameters is not necessary, a do not calibrate instruction is issued in step 2230. If a change in parameters is necessary, the new parameters are transmitted to the remote device in step 2232. The remote device transmits the new parameters to the system components in step 2234.
  • a change in parameters of the stress reduction and sleep promotion system e.g., temperature of mattress pad, room temperature, lighting, mattress firmness, mattress elevation
  • the simulation engine uses the global historical subjective data, the
  • the calibration engine updates the virtual model in step 2212 based on the real-time data and the new parameters. Predicted values are then generated in step 2214. In this manner, the predicted values generated in step 2214 are not only updated to reflect the actual status of monitored stress reduction and sleep promotion system, but they are also updated to reflect natural changes in monitored system as the user moves through the sleep cycle. Accordingly, realistic predicted values can be generated in step 2214.
  • the least one remote device preferably has a user interface (e.g., a mobile application for a smartphone or tablet) that allows the stress reduction and sleep promotion system to adjust the parameters of the stress reduction and sleep promotion system.
  • the parameters of the stress reduction and sleep promotion system e.g., target temperatures of a mattress pad
  • target temperatures may be set at any time, those target temperatures may be manipulated through the sleeping period in order to match user preferences or a program to correlate with user sleep cycles to produce a deeper, more restful sleep.
  • the mobile application measures a time when a user began attempting to sleep (TATS), a TATS start time, a TATS end time, a time in bed (TIB), a TIB start time, and/or a TIB end time.
  • the mobile application calculates a total TATS duration based on the TATS start time and the TATS end time.
  • the mobile application also calculates a total TIB duration based on the TIB start time and the TIB end time.
  • the TATS start time, the TATS end time, the TIB start time, and/or the TIB end time are indicated by the user (e.g., by pressing a button in the mobile application).
  • the TATS start time, the TATS end time, the TIB start time, and/or the TIB end time are determined by sensors.
  • the TATS start time is determined by a user's eyes closing while in bed.
  • the TATS end time is determined by increased motion as measured by a movement sensor and/or opening of the eyes.
  • the TIB start time is determined by sensors indicating a user is horizontal and/or bed or room sensors indicating the user is in bed.
  • the TIB end time is determined by sensors indicating a user is not horizonal and/or bed or room sensors indicating the user is not in bed.
  • the mobile application is operable to determine whether a user is awake or asleep.
  • the state of wakefulness i.e., "awake” is characterized by cognitive awareness and/or consciousness, responsiveness to environmental cues, sustained movement detected by a movement sensor, beta and/or alpha waves as detected by EEG, increased heart rate, increased respiration, increased blood pressure, increased electrodermal activity, increased body temperature, open eyes, voluntary eye movements, and/or increased EMG on the chin.
  • the state of sleep (i.e., "asleep") is characterized by loss of alertness and/or consciousness, lack of response to environmental cues, lack of movement, reduction in alpha waves as detected by EEG, increased theta and delta waves as detected by EEG, decreased heart rate, decreased respiration, decreased blood pressure, decreased body temperature, closed eyes, eye twitches, and/or decreased oxygen saturation.
  • the mobile application is operable to measure an initial sleep onset time and/or a final awakening time.
  • the initial sleep onset time is a first occurrence of sleep after the TATS start time.
  • the final awakening time is a time immediately after the last occurrence of sleep before the TATS end time.
  • the mobile application calculates a latency to sleep onset as the duration of a time interval between the TATS start time to the initial sleep onset time.
  • the mobile application calculates a latency to arising as the duration of a time interval between the final awakening time to the TATS end time.
  • the mobile application is operable to calculate a sleep efficiency percentage.
  • the sleep efficiency percentage is defined as the total sleep time divided by the total TATS duration.
  • the sleep efficiency percentage is defined as the total sleep time divided by the total TIB duration.
  • the mobile application is operable to determine a total sleep period duration, a total sleep time, a sleep maintenance percentage, a total wakefulness duration, a wakefulness duration after initial sleep onset, a total number of awakenings, an awakening rate per hour, and/or a sleep fragmentation rate.
  • the mobile application is operable to determine REM sleep, Nl sleep, N2 sleep, and/or N3 sleep.
  • REM sleep is characterized by low-voltage, mixed- frequency EEG activity with less than 15 seconds of alpha activity, saw-tooth theta EEG activity, rapid eye movements, and/or decreased or absent EMG activity on the chin.
  • Nl sleep is characterized by low-voltage, mixed-frequency EEG activity with less than 15 seconds of alpha activity in a 30-second epoch, no sleep spindles or K complexes, possible slow rolling eye movements, and/or diminished EMG activity on the chin.
  • N2 sleep is characterized by sleep spindle and/or K complex activity, absence of eye movements, and/or diminished EMG activity on the chin.
  • N3 sleep is characterized by high amplitude (e.g., greater than 75 ⁇ peak-to-peak), slow wave (e.g., frequency of 4Hz or less) EEG activity.
  • the mobile application is operable to calculate REM sleep duration, percentage, and latency from sleep onset; Nl sleep duration, percentage, and latency from sleep onset; N2 sleep duration, percentage, and latency from sleep onset; and/or N3 sleep duration, percentage, and latency from sleep onset.
  • the calculations and determining of sleep states described above are determined over the network on a remote server. In one embodiment, the calculations and determining of sleep states are then transmitted to at least one remote device.
  • FIG. 35 illustrates a home screen of one embodiment of a graphical user interface (GUI) for a mobile application.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • a bottom navigation bar allows a user to rapidly switch between destinations within the mobile application.
  • the bottom navigation bar includes (in order from left to right) icons for the home screen, a schedule screen, a sleep screen, a progress screen, and a goal settings screen.
  • the home screen includes a graph of the number of hours a user slept versus dates. In this example, the graph provides the number of hours a user slept for the previous 10 days. In one embodiment, the number of hours a user slept for a day is obtained from a wearable device (e.g., Fitbit®, Jawbone® UP, MisfitTM, Apple Watch®, Nokia® Steel, Nokia® Go).
  • a wearable device e.g., Fitbit®, Jawbone® UP, MisfitTM, Apple Watch®, Nokia® Steel, Nokia® Go.
  • the user manually enters a time the user went to sleep and a time the user woke up.
  • the home screen also provides a current snapshot of the user's daily health information.
  • the user's daily health information includes, but is not limited to, the number of steps the user has taken, the percentage of fitness goals achieved, the number of calories consumed by the user, and the amount of water consumed by the user.
  • This information is preferably updated in real time or near-real time by the mobile application. In one embodiment, this information is manually entered into the mobile application. Alternatively, this information is obtained from third-party applications (e.g., Fitbit®, Jawbone®, MisfitTM, MyFitnessPal®, Apple® Health, Nokia® Health Mate).
  • third-party applications e.g., Fitbit®, Jawbone®, MisfitTM, MyFitnessPal®, Apple® Health, Nokia® Health Mate.
  • the home screen allows the user to set a smart alarm (e.g., 6: 10AM).
  • the smart alarm increases the surface temperature of the mattress pad sufficiently over a period of time to allow the user to emerge out of the last sleep cycle.
  • the speed of awakening is based on the sleep cycle information.
  • the speed of temperature increase is faster (e.g., 0.278°C/minute (0.5°F/minute)) if a new cycle is just beginning.
  • the speed of temperature increase is slower (e.g., 0.056°C/minute (0.1°F/minute)) if the user is just coming out of the bottom of a sleep cycle.
  • FIG. 36 illustrates a schedule screen of one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • the mobile application allows a user to select a temperature schedule.
  • the temperature varies between 10-18.33°C (50-65°F) between 10PM and 6AM.
  • the schedule screen displays a graph of temperature versus time.
  • FIG. 37 illustrates another schedule screen of one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • the mobile application allows a user to select a sleep time and a wake time.
  • FIG. 38 illustrates a sleep screen of one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • the sleep screen displays a graph of time versus temperature for the previous day.
  • the sleep screen displays a starting temperature and a wake time for the sleeping period.
  • the user can select a "start sleep" button to manually track sleep cycles.
  • the sleep screen also has a button for a smart alarm. This allows the mobile application to adjust the settings of the mattress pad to wake the user at an optimal time within a sleep cycle. As previously described, gently awakening the user by increasing the temperature prevents sleep inertia.
  • the sleep screen also has a button for tracking motion of the user. Further, the sleep screen also has a button for tracking sound of the user.
  • FIG. 39 illustrates a goal settings screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • the goal settings screen allows a user to turn a bed time reminder on or off and select a target number of hours of sleep (e.g., 8 hours).
  • the goal settings screen also allows a user to select a preferred sleep time (e.g., 10:00PM) and a preferred wake time (e.g., 6:00AM).
  • the goal settings screen also allows a user to set a goal weight, goal amount of water to consume, and goal number of calories to consume. Additional goals include, but are not limited to, a faster time to fall asleep, fewer awakenings during the sleeping period, more REM sleep, more deep sleep (e.g., N3 sleep), and/or a higher sleep efficiency.
  • FIG. 40 illustrates a progress screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • the progress screen includes a graph of the number of hours a user slept versus dates. In this example, the graph provides the number of hours a user slept for the previous 10 days.
  • the progress screen displays a current sleep efficiency (e.g., 80%).
  • the progress screen lists the current date, a sleep time, a wake time, and number of hours of sleep.
  • a "log manually" button allows the user to manually log sleep.
  • the progress screen also includes a graph of the depth of sleep (e.g., light or deep) versus dates. In this example, the graph provides the depth of sleep for the previous 10 days.
  • the progress screen displays a time spent in deep sleep (e.g., 5.30hrs) and a time spent in light sleep (e.g., 3.15hrs).
  • FIG. 41 illustrates a profile screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • the mobile application includes a social component.
  • the mobile application allows users to upload photos.
  • the mobile application also allows users to follow other users.
  • the user has 863 followers.
  • a notification illustrates that the user has 4 new followers.
  • the mobile application allows users to like status updates and photos of other users.
  • the user has posted 2471 photos and has 1593 likes.
  • a notification illustrates that the user has 7 new likes.
  • the GUI displays statistics for the number of likes, followers, and photos over several months.
  • FIG. 42 illustrates another profile screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • the mobile application is operable to send messages between users.
  • FIG. 43 illustrates yet another profile screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • the profile screen displays a weekday sleep time of 10PM and a weekday wake up time of 6AM.
  • the profile screen also displays a weekend sleep time of 10PM and a weekend wake up time of 6AM.
  • the profile screen includes a button to add sleep profile.
  • a bottom navigation bar allows a user to rapidly switch between destinations within the mobile application.
  • the bottom navigation bar includes (in order from left to right) icons for a temperature screen, a sleep screen, an alarm screen, a notification screen, and a settings screen.
  • FIG. 44 illustrates an add sleep profile screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • the mobile application is operable to allow the user to set a sleep time and a wake up time. Further, the mobile application is operable to allow a user to select temperatures for a mattress pad over a sleep period.
  • the temperature is set at 17.22°C (63°F) at 10PM, 26.11°C (79°F) at 11PM, 33.89°C (93°F) at 12AM, 26.67°C (80°F) at 1AM, 47.78°C (118°F) at 2AM, 40.56°C (105°F) at 3AM, 37.22°C (99°F) at 4AM, 32.22°C (90°F) at 5AM, and 26.11°C (79°F) at 6AM.
  • the mobile application allows the user to select warm awake, which slowly (e.g., 0.278°C/minute (0.5°F/minute)) warms the user to awaken the user.
  • FIG. 45 illustrates a dashboard screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • the mobile application is operable to allow the user to check the water level of the at least one reservoir in the control unit.
  • the mobile application notifies the user when the water level is below a threshold. Further, the mobile application allows the user to display sleep efficiency.
  • the mobile application notifies the user that water treatment or purification is required.
  • the mobile application automatically schedules water treatment or purification (e.g., automatically turning on the UV light for water treatment) at designated time intervals.
  • Non-monophasic sleep occurs when an individual adopts a biphasic or polyphasic sleep pattern.
  • a biphasic sleep pattern is when the individual sleeps twice per day. Typically, this consists of a shorter rest (e.g., "siesta") during the day and a longer sleep period during the night.
  • a polyphasic sleep pattern e.g., Everyman, Uberman, Dymaxion, Dual Core consists of multiple sleeps throughout the day, generally ranging from 4 to 6 periods of sleep per day.
  • FIG. 46 illustrates a profile screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application allowing for biphasic sleep.
  • the user sleeps from 1PM to 3PM and 11PM to 5AM on weekdays.
  • the user also sleeps from 1PM to 3PM and 2AM to 9AM on weekends.
  • FIGS. 43 and 46 show weekday and weekend sleep schedules
  • the mobile application is operable to allow users to set specific sleep schedules for each day of the week.
  • the mobile application allows the user to set different sleep schedules for Monday through Thursday (e.g., work days of a compressed work week), Friday, Saturday, and Sunday.
  • the mobile application is operable to provide reminders to the user.
  • the mobile application reminds the user to get additional sleep (e.g., due to physical activity).
  • the mobile application alerts the user to go to sleep.
  • the mobile application is operable to provide suggestions for treatments based on the user profile.
  • the mobile application provides a guided meditation to relieve stress.
  • the mobile application suggests a treatment with a TENS device to relieve pain.
  • the mobile application is operable to analyze trends over time.
  • the mobile application determines that the user's heart rate has increased by 15 beats per minute over a time period of a year. The mobile application suggests that the user contact a health care provider because this may be a symptom of heart disease.
  • the mobile application determines that the user's blood oxygen level as measured by a pulse oximeter decreases at night. The mobile application suggests that the user contact a health care provider because this may be a symptom of sleep apnea.
  • the mobile application preferably allows the user to download their information (e.g., in a comma-separated value (CSV) file). Additionally or alternatively, the mobile application allows the user to share their information with a health care provider and/or a caregiver.
  • CSV comma-separated value
  • FIG. 47 illustrates a dashboard screen for another embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • the dashboard screen displays a personal health score for a user.
  • the personal health score is calculated using a sleep quality score and a sleep quantity score.
  • the personal health score is calculated by weighing the sleep quality score higher than the sleep quantity score. In one example, a ratio of 9:7 of sleep quality score to sleep quantity score is used to calculate the personal health score.
  • a body height and a body weight for the user are displayed on the dashboard screen.
  • the body height and the body weight are displayed in metric units (cm and kg, respectively)
  • the mobile application is operable to display alternative units (e.g., feet, pounds).
  • the body weight is obtained from a smart scale (e.g., Fitbit® Aria®, Nokia® Body+TM, Garmin® IndexTM, Under Armour® Scale, Pivotal Living® Smart Scale, iHealth® Core) and/or through a third-party application.
  • the body height and/or the body weight are entered manually by the user.
  • a fat percentage for the user is displayed on the dashboard screen.
  • the fat percentage is obtained from a smart scale using bioelectrical impedance and/or through a third-party application. In another embodiment, the fat percentage is entered manually by the user.
  • the dashboard displays a body mass index for the user. The body mass index is calculated using the body weight and the body height of the user.
  • a heart rate for the user is displayed on the dashboard screen. The heart rate is preferably obtained from the heart rate sensor.
  • the dashboard screen allows the user to link gadgets (e.g., Fitbit®, Jawbone® UP, MisfitTM, Apple Watch®, Nokia® Steel, Nokia® Go, smart scales) to the mobile application.
  • a body hydration level is displayed for the user on the dashboard screen.
  • the body hydration level is expressed as a percentage.
  • the body hydration level is calculated based on a number of glasses of water a day. In one example, a user has consumed 4 glasses of water in a day with a target of 8 glasses of water in a day, resulting in a body hydration level of 50%. Alternatively, the body hydration level is calculated based on a number of ounces of water.
  • a user has consumed 1.5L of water in a day with a target of 3L of water in a day, resulting in a body hydration level of 50%.
  • the screen displays a body hydration level for today, yesterday, and/or an overall average.
  • An energy burned for the user is displayed on the dashboard screen.
  • the energy burned is preferably displayed as the number of calories burned.
  • the energy burned is obtained from a wearable device (e.g., Fitbit®, Jawbone® UP, MisfitTM, Apple Watch®, Nokia® Steel, Nokia® Go).
  • the energy burned is obtained from a smartphone or a third-party application.
  • the energy burned is manually entered by the user.
  • the screen displays an energy burned level for today, yesterday, and/or an overall average.
  • the dashboard screen also displays a PEMF health score.
  • the PEMF health score is preferably displayed as a percentage.
  • the PEMF health score is based on user input.
  • the PEMF health score is based on answers to survey questions.
  • the survey questions ask the user to rate pain one hour after treatment, during physical activity, 24 hours after treatment, two days after treatment, five days after treatment, and/or one week after treatment.
  • the survey questions ask the user to rate flexibility and/or mobility one hour after treatment, during physical activity, 24 hours after treatment, two days after treatment, five days after treatment, and/or one week after treatment.
  • the answers to the survey questions determine the level of treatment needed and the PEMF health score.
  • an acute issue is given a PEMF health score between about 0% and about 35%
  • an ongoing issue is given a PEMF health score between about 35% and about 65%
  • a managed issue requiring booster treatments e.g., a monthly booster treatment
  • a nutrition health score is displayed for the user on the dashboard screen.
  • the nutrition health score is preferably displayed as a percentage.
  • the nutrition health score is based on user input.
  • the nutrition health score is based on a target number of calories.
  • a user has consumed 1000 calories in a day with a target of 2000 calories in a day, resulting in a nutrition health score of 50%.
  • the nutrition health score is based on a target percentage of fat, a target percentage of carbohydrates, and/or a target percentage of protein.
  • the nutrition health score is based on a target total amount of fat, a target total amount of carbohydrates, and/or a target total amount of protein.
  • a user has consumed 50 grams of protein with a target of 100 grams of protein in a day, resulting in a nutrition health score of 50%.
  • the nutrition health score includes nutritional supplements (e.g., vitamins, minerals, herbals, botanicals, amino acids, enzymes, probiotics, prebiotics) consumed by the user.
  • the dashboard screen also displays a time of day (e.g., 6: 15), a location, a date, and/or a weather forecast for the location.
  • the weather forecast for the location includes a temperature and/or a condition (e.g., cloudy, sunny).
  • a blood oxygen level for the user is displayed on the dashboard screen.
  • the blood oxygen level for the user is obtained from the pulse oximeter sensor.
  • the dashboard screen includes a button to prompt a scan with an energy field sensor.
  • the energy field sensor is a GDV device.
  • the GDV device scans at least one hand and/or at least one finger of a user to measure an energy field of the user.
  • FIG. 48 illustrates a treatment summary screen for one embodiment of a GUI for a mobile application.
  • the treatment summary screen displays a number of minutes for treatments within a month for a user.
  • the treatment summary screen displays the number of minutes the user was treated using infrared, TENS, and PEMF during the month.
  • the number of minutes the user was treated within the month is displayed as a bar graph, with each of the treatments (e.g., infrared, TENS, PEMF) displayed in different colors.
  • a date of the month (e.g., 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27) is preferably displayed under the number of minutes the user was treated.
  • FIG. 49 is a diagram illustrating an example process of a user interacting with the mobile application before a sleeping period.
  • the mobile application asks the user how they feel.
  • the mobile application asks the user to provide a numerical score (e.g., 1-10) rating how they feel.
  • a numerical score e.g., 1-10) rating how they feel.
  • a numerical score e.g., 1-10) rating how they feel.
  • the mobile application provides descriptions (e.g., need help, not good, just OK, could be better, great) for the user to select regarding how they feel. In one example, need help, not good, just OK, and could be better is considered negative and great is considered positive.
  • the mobile application asks the user to rate health issues (e.g., shoulder pain rated 5, knee pain rated 7, back pain rated 8). If the user feels positive, the mobile application proceeds to step 4912. If the user feels negative, the mobile application prompts the user to scan their energy field in step 4904 with the energy field sensor. The mobile application obtains biometric inputs in step 4906.
  • the biometric inputs are from the body sensors and/or third-party applications (e.g., Fitbit®, Jawbone®, MisfitTM, MyFitnessPal®, Apple® Health, Nokia® Health Mate).
  • the mobile application asks if the user wants to update their profile. In one example, the mobile application questions if the user wants to update their profile due to pain or other symptoms and/or if the user has any changes to their medical history (e.g., under doctor's treatment, newly diagnosed condition such as diabetes). If the user wants to update their profile, the user supplies inputs in step 4910 and the mobile application proceeds to step 4912. If the user does not want to update their profile, the mobile application proceeds to step 4912.
  • the mobile application proceeds to step 4912.
  • the mobile application asks the user about today and/or tomorrow in step 4912.
  • the mobile application asks the user about physical activity, nutrition, hydration, stress, sleep (e.g., nap), and/or bedtime for today.
  • the mobile application acquires the information from a third-party application and/or the body sensors.
  • the mobile application asks the user about plans for tomorrow (e.g., cognitive tasks such as a test or important meeting, physical activity such as a marathon, stress or emotional issues such as a family member with health issues).
  • the user provides inputs in step 4914.
  • the mobile application asks if the user wants to view current settings for the stress reduction and sleep promotion system in step 4916. If the user does not want to view the current settings, the mobile application proceeds to step 4924. If the user does want to view the current settings, the mobile application lists the current settings in step 4918. The mobile application asks the user if they want to change the settings for the stress reduction and sleep promotion system in step 4920. If the user does not want to change the settings, the mobile application proceeds to step 4924. If the user does want to change the settings, the settings are updated in step 4922 and the mobile application proceeds to step 4924. The mobile application asks the user if they would like to recover now (i.e., start treatment) in step 4924.
  • the treatment utilizes the system components (e.g., temperature-regulating mattress pad, PEMF device, TENS device, red and/or near-infrared lighting device) to reduce stress and promote sleep.
  • FIG. 50 is a diagram illustrating an example process of a user interacting with the mobile application after a sleeping period.
  • the mobile application asks the user how they feel.
  • the mobile application asks the user to provide a numerical score (e.g., 1 -10) rating how they feel.
  • a numerical score e.g. 1 -10
  • the mobile application provides descriptions (e.g., need help, not good, just OK, could be better, great) for the user to select regarding how they feel. In one example, need help, not good, just OK, and could be better is considered negative and great is considered positive.
  • the mobile application asks the user to rate health issues (e.g., shoulder pain rated 5, knee pain rated 7, back pain rated 8). If the user feels positive, the mobile application proceeds to step 5012. If the user feels negative, the mobile application prompts the user to scan their energy field in step 5004 with the energy field sensor. The mobile application obtains biometric inputs in step 5006.
  • the biometric inputs are from the body sensors and/or third-party applications (e.g., Fitbit®, Jawbone®, MisfitTM, MyFitnessPal®, Apple® Health, Nokia® Health Mate).
  • the mobile application asks if the user wants to update their profile. In one example, the mobile application questions if the user wants to update their profile due to pain or other symptoms and/or if the user has any changes to their medical history (e.g., under doctor's treatment, newly diagnosed condition such as diabetes). If the user wants to update their profile, the user supplies inputs in step 5010 and the mobile application proceeds to step 5012. If the user does not want to update their profile, the mobile application proceeds to step 5012.
  • the mobile application proceeds to step 5012.
  • the mobile application asks the user whether there was an improvement in their condition in step 5012.
  • the mobile application determines whether there was an improvement in their condition based on condition ratings before the sleeping period. In one example, shoulder pain was rated 5 before the sleeping period and rated 3 after the sleeping period, representing improvement in the shoulder condition.
  • the mobile application asks if the user wants to view current settings for the stress reduction and sleep promotion system in step 5014. If the user does not want to view the current settings, the mobile application proceeds to step 5022. If the user does want to view the current settings, the mobile application lists the current settings in step 5016. The mobile application asks the user if they want to change the settings for the stress reduction and sleep promotion system in step 5018. If the user does not want to change the settings, the mobile application proceeds to step 5022. If the user does want to change the settings, the settings are updated in step 5020 and the mobile application proceeds to step 5022. The mobile application asks the user if they would like to recover now (i.e., start treatment) in step 5022.
  • the treatment utilizes the system components (e.g., temperature-regulating mattress pad, PEMF device, TENS device, red and/or near-infrared lighting device) to reduce stress and promote sleep.
  • the recovery program begins in step 5024.
  • the mobile application selects an appropriate recovery program based on the time of day and/or user preferences. In one example, the user wants to start treatment after a sleeping period and the mobile application selects a treatment with the PEMF device to reduce stress.
  • the mobile application uses at least one photographic affect meter (PAM) to determine a mood of a user.
  • the mobile application displays a plurality of photographs and the user selects a photograph that best corresponds to the mood of the user.
  • PAM photographic affect meter
  • the system is a decentralized platform utilizing blockchain technology.
  • the decentralized platform is operable to store information regarding the user's health, sleep, and stress levels.
  • the data blocks within the chain are encrypted using cryptography.
  • Individual users can grant access to their data by providing another individual (e.g., healthcare provider) with a private password or key.
  • the blockchain- based decentralized platform provides security for peer-to-peer sharing of medical information by preventing unauthorized access to the user's private medical information.
  • FIG. 51 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention illustrating a computer system, generally described as 800, having a network 810, a plurality of computing devices 820, 830, 840, a server 850, and a database 870.
  • the server 850 is constructed, configured, and coupled to enable communication over a network 810 with a plurality of computing devices 820, 830, 840.
  • the server 850 includes a processing unit 851 with an operating system 852.
  • the operating system 852 enables the server 850 to communicate through network 810 with the remote, distributed user devices.
  • Database 870 may house an operating system 872, memory 874, and programs 876.
  • the system 800 includes a cloud-based network 810 for distributed communication via a wireless communication antenna 812 and processing by at least one mobile communication computing device 830.
  • the system 800 is a virtualized computing system capable of executing any or all aspects of software and/or application components presented herein on the computing devices 820, 830, 840.
  • the computer system 800 may be implemented using hardware or a combination of software and hardware, either in a dedicated computing device, or integrated into another entity, or distributed across multiple entities or computing devices.
  • the computing devices 820, 830, 840 are intended to represent various forms of digital computers 820, 840, 850 and mobile devices 830, such as a server, blade server, mainframe, mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), smartphone, desktop computer, netbook computer, tablet computer, workstation, laptop, and other similar computing devices.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the components shown here, their connections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to be exemplary only, and are not meant to limit implementations of the invention described and/or claimed in this document
  • the computing device 820 includes components such as a processor 860, a system memory 862 having a random access memory (RAM) 864 and a readonly memory (ROM) 866, and a system bus 868 that couples the memory 862 to the processor 860.
  • the computing device 830 may additionally include components such as a storage device 890 for storing the operating system 892 and one or more application programs 894, a network interface unit 896, and/or an input/output controller 898. Each of the components may be coupled to each other through at least one bus 868.
  • the input/output controller 898 may receive and process input from, or provide output to, a number of other devices 899, including, but not limited to, alphanumeric input devices, mice, electronic styluses, display units, touch screens, signal generation devices (e.g., speakers), or printers.
  • other devices 899 including, but not limited to, alphanumeric input devices, mice, electronic styluses, display units, touch screens, signal generation devices (e.g., speakers), or printers.
  • the processor 860 may be a general-purpose microprocessor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU)), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a microcontroller, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a controller, a state machine, gated or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any other suitable entity or combinations thereof that can perform calculations, process instructions for execution, and/or other manipulations of information.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • PLD Programmable Logic Device
  • multiple processors 860 and/or multiple buses 868 may be used, as appropriate, along with multiple memories 862 of multiple types (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core).
  • multiple computing devices may be connected, with each device providing portions of the necessary operations (e.g., a server bank, a group of blade servers, or a multiprocessor system).
  • a server bank e.g., a server bank, a group of blade servers, or a multiprocessor system.
  • some steps or methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function.
  • the computer system 800 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to local and/or remote computing devices 820, 830, 840, 850 through a network 810.
  • a computing device 830 may connect to a network 810 through a network interface unit 896 connected to a bus 868.
  • Computing devices may communicate communication media through wired networks, direct-wired connections or wirelessly, such as acoustic, RF, or infrared, through an antenna 897 in communication with the network antenna 812 and the network interface unit 896, which may include digital signal processing circuitry when necessary.
  • the network interface unit 896 may provide for communications under various modes or protocols.
  • the instructions may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combinations thereof.
  • a computer readable medium may provide volatile or non-volatile storage for one or more sets of instructions, such as operating systems, data structures, program modules, applications, or other data embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein.
  • the computer readable medium may include the memory 862, the processor 860, and/or the storage media 890 and may be a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed computer system) that store the one or more sets of instructions 900.
  • Non-transitory computer readable media includes all computer readable media, with the sole exception being a transitory, propagating signal per se.
  • the instructions 900 may further be transmitted or received over the network 810 via the network interface unit 896 as communication media, which may include a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any delivery media.
  • modulated data signal means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics changed or set in a manner as to encode information in the signal.
  • Storage devices 890 and memory 862 include, but are not limited to, volatile and nonvolatile media such as cache, RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH memory, or other solid state memory technology; discs (e.g., digital versatile discs (DVD), HD-DVD, BLU-RAY, compact disc (CD), or CD-ROM) or other optical storage; magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, floppy disks, or other magnetic storage devices; or any other medium that can be used to store the computer readable instructions and which can be accessed by the computer system 800.
  • volatile and nonvolatile media such as cache, RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH memory, or other solid state memory technology
  • discs e.g., digital versatile discs (DVD), HD-DVD, BLU-RAY, compact disc (CD), or CD-ROM
  • CD-ROM compact disc
  • magnetic cassettes magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, floppy disks, or other magnetic storage devices
  • the computer system 800 may not include all of the components shown in FIG. 51, may include other components that are not explicitly shown in FIG. 51, or may utilize an architecture completely different than that shown in FIG. 51.
  • the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, elements, circuits, and algorithms described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application (e.g., arranged in a different order or partitioned in a different way), but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
  • the temperature regulating article can be a mattress pad, a sleeping bag, a cushion, or a blanket.
  • the above-mentioned examples are just some of the many configurations that the mentioned components can take on. All modifications and improvements have been deleted herein for the sake of conciseness and readability but are properly within the scope of the present invention.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des systèmes, des méthodes et des articles de réduction du stress et de promotion du sommeil. Un système de réduction du stress et de promotion du sommeil comprend au moins un dispositif à distance et un article destiné à conditionner la température d'une surface. Le système de réduction du stress et de promotion du sommeil comprend au moins un capteur biologique, au moins un serveur à distance et/ou, dans d'autres modes de réalisation, un dispositif à fréquence électromagnétique pulsée.
PCT/US2018/050463 2017-09-15 2018-09-11 Système de réduction du stress et de promotion du sommeil WO2019055414A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

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AU2018332812A AU2018332812B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2018-09-11 Stress reduction and sleep promotion system
CN201880073899.6A CN111344033A (zh) 2017-09-15 2018-09-11 压力减小和睡眠促进系统
JP2020536912A JP2020534118A (ja) 2017-09-15 2018-09-11 ストレス低減及び睡眠促進システム
EP18856293.8A EP3681576A4 (fr) 2017-09-15 2018-09-11 Système de réduction du stress et de promotion du sommeil
AU2024204146A AU2024204146A1 (en) 2017-09-15 2024-06-18 Stress Reduction And Sleep Promotion System

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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US15/705,829 2017-09-15
US15/705,829 US10986933B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-09-15 Article comprising a temperature-conditioned surface, thermoelectric control unit, and method for temperature-conditioning the surface of an article
US15/848,816 US11013883B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-12-20 Stress reduction and sleep promotion system
US15/848,816 2017-12-20

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AU2018332812A1 (en) 2020-03-26
EP3681576A4 (fr) 2021-07-28
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JP2020534118A (ja) 2020-11-26
AU2018332812B2 (en) 2024-03-21
WO2019055414A3 (fr) 2019-05-02
CN111344033A (zh) 2020-06-26
EP3681576A2 (fr) 2020-07-22

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