WO2019048675A1 - METHOD, GIESSFORM AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A VEHICLE WHEEL - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a vehicle wheel (2) from a light metal material, in which the light metal material is introduced in liquid form into a mold cavity (14) of a casting mold (3). The vehicle wheel (2) is produced by means of pressurized casting, wherein the casting mold (3) is temperature-controlled in different regions to different temperatures.

Description

 Method, mold and device for manufacturing a Fahrzeuqrads

The invention relates to a method for producing a vehicle wheel made of a light metal material, wherein the light metal material is introduced in liquid form into a mold cavity of a casting mold. Furthermore, the invention relates to a casting mold for the production of a vehicle wheel made of a light metal material, with a mold cavity for receiving the light metal material in liquid form forming moldings and an apparatus for producing a vehicle wheel.

The basis for driving safety and driving comfort for light-alloy wheels for cars are the unsprung masses, whereby it is crucial that the weight of the wheels is as low as possible. Due to the inertia and the rotational moment one strives to use light wheels. For this reason, on the one hand attempts to constructively implement lightweight construction of wheels. On the other hand, there are efforts to reduce weight through the selection of materials. The prior art is currently cast or forged wheels of aluminum or magnesium alloys, which are made to a very high percentage by the low pressure die casting process.

In addition to these dynamic driving requirements, aerodynamic or crash-relevant wheel designs play an increasingly important role. As the aerodynamic characteristics of the wheels are directly related to fuel consumption and CO ₂ emissions, there was also an increased need for action on the part of the legislature. Homologation requirements within the overall approval of passenger cars, in particular the WVTA (Whole Vehicle Type Aproval) in combination with the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure), aggravate these requirements, so that the basic equipment of the complete vehicle is no longer within the approval procedure (WVTA) describes the vehicle, but all equipment variants. This change in the type test by the globally standardized light vehicle test procedure (WLTP) calls for a rethink in the design of vehicle parts in terms of aerodynamics and lightweight construction. In addition, these lightweight construction and aerodynamic requirements are underpinned by the increasing use of electromobility in accordance with the maxim "Lightweight design increases range". Depending on the vehicle type, different wheel dimensions are used, which are aerodynamically worse and have a higher block size. function in the frontal and offset crash, which degrades the classification result of the entire car series.

These increasing demands, consisting of lightweight construction, aerodynamics and crash require a process change in the production of vehicle wheels, since the standard casting processes such as low-pressure die casting process can not meet these requirements procedurally optimal.

In the cold chamber casting method with conventional cold chamber casting machines for the production of castings, these build a closing force by passing through a clamping unit of three machine plates, namely a machine plate, a movable platen and a fixed platen, four columns along which the movable platen back and forth is movable, and a drive unit for driving the movable platen, usually via a hydraulically driven toggle or double toggle, create a lock. A mold is patterned with a movable mold half on the movable platen and with a fixed mold half on the fixed platen. The necessary clamping force is applied via the clamping unit by clamping the columns between the machine plate and the fixed clamping plate.

In the case of conventional cold-chamber casting machines, the fixed clamping plate is adjoined in the axial direction by a casting unit, with which a melt flows through a mold cavity formed perpendicular to the dividing plane, ie through the mold. perpendicular to the parting plane of the two mold halves, is fed through a casting chamber through the fixed platen and the solid mold half of the mold. The casting unit has for this purpose a usually hydraulically driven, movable in the casting chamber casting piston.

In the closing unit behind the movable platen an ejection unit is integrated, which is usually also hydraulically driven to ejector ejector pins in the mold to move back and forth. These are passed through the movable platen to sweep the cast parts off the movable mold after opening the mold. Furthermore, usually a core pulling device is present, the machine side, for example, consists of hydraulic cylinders, which are usually mounted on the movable platen, sometimes on the fixed platen. The casting process in cold chamber casting plants is known to take place in four successive phases, namely the metering, the prefilling phase, the mold filling phase and the pressing phase. The dosage can z. B. mechanically via a spoon or druckgasbeaufschlagt from a holding furnace via a gutter or a riser, as in the so-called Vacural process done. The dosing times are typically between 3 s and 15 s, depending on the type of dosing and dosing quantity. With a relatively long dosing time there is a risk that a part of the melt already solidifies in the casting chamber. Depending on the design of the machine, the casting piston speed in the prefilling phase can typically be set in a range between 0.2 m / s and 0.6 m / s so that, on the one hand, the melt is conveyed as quickly as possible and, on the other hand, trapped air by overturning one before the other Casting piston constituting shaft of the melt, as far as possible avoided by spray formation and / or by reflection in Gießrestbereich.

In the pre-filling phase, the casting chamber is filled with melt and the casting piston conveys the melt into the vicinity of the gate.

To avoid cold flow points, the mold filling phase is as short as possible; it is usually between 5 ms to 60 ms in duration. In the mold filling phase, the casting piston moves the melt at high speed, typically adjustable in a range up to 10 m / s and more. At the end of the mold filling phase, high pressures occur due to conversion of the kinetic energy into a pressure pulse, so that there is a risk of the mold being torn open. Modern casting machines therefore have means to absorb the kinetic energy towards the end of the filling phase.

In the holding pressure phase, in a cold chamber casting installation, a pressure of 300 bar to 1500 bar, in some cases even more, is generally set by means of a multiplier. The melt solidifies under pressure and trapped air during mold filling is compressed under static pressure. The proportion of entrapped air in the volume porosity is small. The volume porosity is usually made of voids, the cause of which is the insufficient supply of a shrinkage-related portion of the melt in the transition from liquid to solid.

In conventional cold chamber casting plants, the gates are usually thin-walled in proportion to the wall thickness of the castings, with the result that the melt in some areas of the casting is still liquid, while it is already partially solidified in the gate area, which is a further desserts no longer possible or at least more difficult. The formation of a solidified edge shell in the casting chamber after dosing has the consequence that a portion of the melt neither for the mold filling nor for the make-up of the shrinkage-related portion in the mold cavity is available. The pushing out of residual melt from the Gießrestbereich for make-up requires a high emphasis.

The high pressures at the end of the mold filling phase and in the holding pressure phase require high holding forces of the mold, which have to be applied via the closing unit of the casting machine.

High casting forces lead to elastic deformations of the casting mold and possibly to bulging around the mold cavity, which can cause burring around the casting in the division level as well as in the areas of slides and slide guides.

The high pressures require a relatively large thickness of the fixed platen and consequently a correspondingly long casting chamber, which in turn limits the filling level in the casting chamber to typically 15% to at most about 70%, with correspondingly large air volume of the casting chamber. The conventional orientation of the casting unit relative to the closing unit requires relatively long flow paths of the melt in the casting chamber and in the casting system and often crimping of the casting system or of the anvil. The application of high pressures can also lead to an elastic deformation of the solidified Gießrestes and the casting chamber in Gießrestbereich and thereby for clamping the Gießrestes in the casting chamber, so that under certain circumstances, high opening forces are required to tear the casting residue from the casting chamber. This can lead to a high and / or premature wear of the casting chamber and the casting piston. The jamming of the casting residue in the casting chamber also often results in the application of an excessive amount of piston lubricant, which can lead to inclusions in the casting.

In the case of horizontally arranged casting chambers, these are heated more strongly than in the upper region during filling by the hot melt in the lower region, so that deformation of the casting chamber occurs due to the thermal stress, which causes rubbing processes between the casting chamber and the casting piston, which influence the course of the casting chamber in the casting chamber Prefill phase and the mold filling phase must follow. The conventional orientation of the casting chamber relative to the mold or to the run requires a vertical deflection of the melt during the transition from the casting chamber into the mold or the run in the parting plane, which is fluidically and thermally problematic. Any deflection of the melt leads to turbulence in the mold filling, a higher energy demand in the casting drive and the risk of significant air bubbles and erosion in the casting and the casting mold. The described, systemic disadvantages of conventional cold chamber casting deteriorate the casting result and require a very stable and costly machine structure. In addition, due to the overall structure of the conventional casting, the clamping of the mold is a time and cost intensive effort.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a mold for producing a vehicle wheel made of a light metal material, which are able to meet these ever-increasing demands in terms of lightweight, aerodynamic and crash behavior of the vehicle.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features mentioned in claim 1.

In addition to the low machine and tool loading, the method according to the invention offers the best prerequisites for meeting the above-mentioned increased demands in the methods and systems known from the prior art. By using pressurized casting instead of the previously used Niederdruckkokillengießens in vehicle wheels with its limited possibilities or the conventional Kaltkammergießverfahrens for other castings with its current procedural disadvantages, system-related designs as lightweight and process optimization can be made in addition to various lightweight design optimizations, aerodynamics optimizations and crash optimizations ,

A process change from low-pressure chill casting with its limited possibilities in terms of casting cross-section, quality of the casting result by high mold temperatures over 500 ° C, in pressurized casting, thus allowing not only various optimizations in terms of lightweight construction, aerodynamics and crash behavior but also system-related design as lightweight construction and process optimization.

The tempering of the casting mold according to the invention leads to a very fast and complete filling of the mold cavity, wherein segregation of the liquid light metal material is avoided. The solution according to the invention allows a desired temperature level within the mold cavity, so that in addition to the uneven heating of the mold and the associated deformation of the casting chamber is avoided and thus the early solidification of the molten light metal material is prevented in certain areas. In addition to increasing the service life of the piston and the mold can be reduced in this way, the piston forces. Through the use of pressurized casting and the temperature of the mold in different areas to different temperatures occur during the casting very low forces and there is a low turbulence or turbulence-free casting of the vehicle. Although the advantages of the cold chamber casting method for the production of light-alloy wheels are used by the method according to the invention, the problems otherwise resulting from this method are avoided.

Furthermore, the method according to the invention makes it possible to have very small wall thicknesses or wall thicknesses of up to 1 mm in certain areas of the vehicle wheel, and even less in certain cases. The possible reduction in the wall thicknesses makes it possible to design a vehicle wheel which has substantially better properties with respect to the crash behavior than known vehicle wheels. In particular, the vehicle wheel produced by the method according to the invention can be optimized for a desired crash behavior.

By such thin wall thicknesses, the visible side of the vehicle wheel can be performed almost completely closed, without the weight of the vehicle is significantly increased. As a result, the aerodynamics of the vehicle wheel can be significantly improved. Of course, openings, for example for ventilation of a vehicle brake, can be integrated into such a viewing side. A strength of the vehicle wheel-increasing structure may be located within such a disc-like design of the visible side. Accordingly, with regard to the aerodynamics of the vehicle wheel produced by the method according to the invention, substantial improvements compared to known solutions can be achieved. Another, resulting from the use of the method advantage is the low Ausformschräge of up to 1 degree and less, resulting in previously unknown stylistic design options for the vehicle. Furthermore, very fine surfaces with a very small radius of 1 mm or less can be displayed. The fact that the vehicle wheel can be completed in one casting reduces the machining required after casting by about 80% or more. The lower post-processing required produces less waste, which helps to protect the environment. The inventive method significantly reduces the casting time and allows a virtually burr-free casting, which also requires less use of raw materials and a lower energy requirement. Furthermore, due to the rapid casting and solidification with casting skin, an otherwise required thermal aging can be completely or partially eliminated. The vehicle wheel produced by the method according to the invention has a low distortion, which also allows the required for a gloss turning fine gradations.

The lightweight construction achievable with the method according to the invention increases the range of motor vehicles equipped with such vehicle wheels, which contributes to a reduction in the burden on the environment.

If in a very advantageous embodiment of the invention in areas in which the vehicle has a small cross-section, the mold is heated to high temperatures, and in areas where the vehicle has a large cross-section, the mold is heated to low temperatures, so it is ensured that the melt in relatively narrow areas of the mold cavity remains liquid for a sufficient time to prevent premature solidification thereof, and that in comparatively broad areas of the mold cavity, the solidification sets in time. Overall, this results in a uniform solidification of the entire vehicle wheel to be cast.

With respect to a rapid filling of the mold cavity and a concomitant uniform solidification of the liquid light metal material, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the liquid light metal material is introduced at high speed of more than 5 m / s in the mold cavity.

Furthermore, it can be provided that a ventilation region in which the casting mold is vented is tempered to a substantially lower temperature than the other regions of the casting mold. As a result, rapid solidification of the melt in the vent area is achieved, which prevents the melt from escaping from the casting mold. In this way, in addition a targeted, possible in a compact design solidification behavior of the liquid light metal material despite venting even at high casting speeds is possible.

A casting mold according to the invention for producing a vehicle wheel is specified in claim 5.

By using the tempering devices, the casting mold according to the invention enables a very simple setting of different temperature ranges within the casting mold, so that the respective vehicle wheel to be cast can be produced at the respectively optimal conditions. The casting mold according to the invention can be made relatively simple and is always kept at the set temperatures by means of tempering. With regard to setting the desired temperatures at the transition of the casting mold into the mold cavity, it is particularly advantageous if the tempering devices are designed as pressurized water circuits, electric heating cartridges and / or pressurized oil circuits.

If the molded parts and / or insert parts and / or venting elements connected to the molded parts consist of different materials, the heat flow and / or the heat flow can be controlled in a relatively simple manner. Furthermore, it can be provided that the tempering devices are in operative connection with a control device for controlling and / or regulating the temperatures of the tempered regions. In this way, the temperatures of the individual regions of the mold cavity or of the casting mold can be controlled or regulated very simply. With regard to a simple construction of the casting mold according to the invention, an advantageous further development can be that at least two mutually movable molded parts are provided.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention may consist in that at least one of the mold parts has a plurality of tuning elements for adjusting the molded part to different temperatures acting on the mold. By means of these tuning elements, at least one of the molded parts and thereby the entire casting mold with respect to the matching of the individual components can be matched very well, since the tuning elements are suitable for compensating for tolerances between the individual components of the casting mold. In addition, this allows the mold to be used at temperatures other than those for which it has been constructed, thereby achieving a substantial reduction in cost. The tuning elements can also be made of different materials and compensate for the different sizes of the components involved depending on the molding production and molding heat input. In addition to the size compensation, the tuning elements can either isolate the heat or selectively transfer the heat, so that in addition to the molding production and the molding heat input different sizes are compensated and achieved an insulating effect or heat is transferred. Furthermore, the tuning elements are able to absorb and / or dampen the introduced impacts and / or forces in addition to the size compensation.

In order to prevent the melt from escaping through the vent of the casting mold, it may further be provided that in a vent region of the mold cavity of the casting mold a surface change in the form of a tempered labyrinth-like structure and / or at least one cross-sectional change and / or at least one deflection is provided.

An apparatus for producing a vehicle wheel with such a casting mold is given in claim 1 2.

The device, which may be embodied, for example, in the form of a casting installation, can be used particularly advantageously for carrying out the method according to the invention. In order to achieve a simple and safe opening and closing of the mold, it may be provided that at least one of the mold parts of the mold is movable by means of at least one not belonging to the mold guide element in the closing direction of the mold relative to a further molded part. In this way, it is also possible to avoid additional guides within the mold and to move the moldings of the mold without such guides. By arranging the guide elements within the device and just not within the mold, the guide elements can be used for a variety of molds, so that significant cost savings can be achieved. In this way, moreover, rapid tool changes, d. H. quick change of the moldings of the mold, possible.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention may consist in that the molded parts are thermally separated from the same moving guide elements. In this way, an excessive heating of the guide elements is prevented, so that they can not distort and high accuracy in the movement of the components of the device is achieved and disturbances are avoided.

A further advantageous embodiment of the device may consist in that at least two of the mold parts are movable by means of respective gripping elements in a direction perpendicular to the closing direction. This allows a very fast opening and closing of the mold, whereby the productivity of the device according to the invention can be significantly increased.

A simple and fast connection of the molded parts with the guiding and / or gripping elements results when at least one of the molded parts can be connected by means of quick-connection devices to the at least one guide element and / or with the gripping elements. In order to be able to supply or operate the tempering devices in an effective manner, it can further be provided that respective units for supplying the tempering devices are integrated into the device. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention may consist in that at least one vacuum unit is provided for the extraction of air from the mold cavity. This vacuum unit allows easy and quick extraction of air from the mold cavity in order to fill it with the liquid light metal material can. Embodiments of the invention are shown in principle with reference to the drawings.

1 shows a side view of a device according to the invention in a first state;

Fig. 2 is a view according to the arrow II of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the device of Fig. 1;

FIG. 4 is a side view of the device of FIG. 1 in a second condition; FIG.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the device of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a side view of the device of Fig. 1 in a third state;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the device of Fig. 6;

FIG. 8 is a side view of the device of FIG. 1 in a fourth state; FIG.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the device of Fig. 8;

10 shows a casting mold according to the invention; Fig. 1 1 is another view of part of the mold according to the invention; and

Fig. 12 is another view of part of the mold according to the invention. Figures 1 to 9 show various views of an apparatus 1 for producing a vehicle wheel 2 shown in Figures 6 to 9 by means of pressurized casting. The vehicle wheel 2 can basically have any size and shape. The vehicle wheel 2 to be recognized in FIGS. 6 to 9 is therefore to be regarded as purely exemplary. For pressurized casting of the vehicle wheel 2, a light metal material is used, preferably an aluminum or magnesium material. For this purpose, known light-metal materials suitable for the method described below for the production of the vehicle wheel 2 can be used.

The device 1 has a casting mold 3, which is in the representation of Figures 1, 2 and 3 in a closed position. In the present case, the casting mold 3 has four mold parts, namely a rigid mold half 4, a movable mold half 5, an upper slide 6 and a lower slide 7. The moldings of the mold 3 can be accommodated with or without a zero point system and they can have a very smooth and high quality surface, which need not or only to a very small extent with a sizing or the like must be treated, so that there is a very high surface quality of the vehicle wheel 2. Of course, the mold 3 may also have more than the four molded parts described and illustrated herein. The movable mold parts, that is to say the movable mold half 5, the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7, are in the states according to FIGS. 4 and 5 by means of respective guide elements described below from the state illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. 6 and 7 and 8 and 9 can be brought. All of these guide elements described below are part of the device 1 and do not belong to the mold. 3

To guide the movement of the movable mold half 5 in the direction indicated in Fig. 1 by the arrow "x" closing direction of the mold 3 and against this closing direction x serve a plurality of horizontally extending guide columns 8, on the one hand to a movable platen 9 and on the other hand on a rear shield 10, which forms an abutment, are stored. By moving the also a guide element for the mold 3 representing the movable platen 9 against the closing direction x, the movable mold half 5 is brought from its position shown in Fig. 1 in the position shown in Fig. 4. During the movement of the movable mold half 5 relative to the rigid mold half 4, the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7 are moved counter to the closing direction x relative to the rigid mold half 4. To drive the movable platen 9, which is movably mounted on rails 1 1 of the device 1 in the present case, can be used per se known and not shown drive means. The guide columns 8 form doing a guide for the movable platen 9 and take the horizontal closing forces during casting. The rigid mold half 4 is attached to a fixed platen 12, which is connected to a pouring unit 13, which serves the liquid light metal material in a formed between the mold parts of the mold 3 mold cavity 14, in a conventional manner, the negative mold of the vehicle to be produced 2, to initiate. The filling of the mold cavity 14 with the liquid light metal material takes place in particular from the outer periphery of the mold cavity 14 ago. In this case, the casting mold 3 is preferably designed such that when the liquid light metal material is introduced into the mold cavity 14, spraying of the material is avoided. The liquid light metal material is introduced at relatively low pressure of up to 100 bar or slightly more into the mold cavity 14.

In the actual casting process, the clamping force is generated by the movable platen 9 and the fixed platen 12, on which the movable platen 9 is supported. For this purpose, the drive elements or devices serving for moving the movable platen 9 can have, for example, hydraulic cylinders and / or toggle or form-locking elements. The mold 3 can be clamped by means of manual, semi-automatic or fully automatic clamping elements on form and / or adhesion. The fixed platen 12 may include a die sprayer, not shown, and / or an integrated pressure medium system.

The upper slider 6 can be brought from its position shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 4 into the position shown in FIG. 6 by means of an upper gripper element 15 in which the upper slider 6 moves vertically upwards relative to the movable mold half 5 has been. Similarly, the lower slide 7 can also be displaced downwardly from its position shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 to its position shown in FIG. 6 by means of a lower gripper element 16 relative to the movable mold half 5. The gripping elements 15 and 16 and the movable platen 9 can be operated manually, semi-automatically or fully automatically. The two gripping elements 15 and 16 also represent guide elements for the mold 3. The guide elements for moving the moldings of the mold 3 can be equipped in a manner not shown with a pressure medium.

While in the present case the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7 are moved in the vertical direction, it would also be possible to separate the mold 3 in the vertical direction in the region of the two slides 6 and 7 and thus the two slides in the horizontal direction to move. The two gripping elements 15 and 16 would be left and right gripping elements in this case. Preferably, in each case, the two slides 6 and 7 by means respective gripper elements 15 and 16 moves in a direction perpendicular to the closing direction x direction.

In the case of the method for producing the vehicle wheel 2 carried out with the device 1 and the casting mold 3, the light metal material is therefore introduced into the mold cavity 14 of the casting mold 3 in liquid form by means of the casting unit 13. This introduction of the liquid light metal material takes place at a high speed of more than 5 m / s. This high speed is achieved by a corresponding movement of a piston, not shown, of the casting unit 13. The vehicle wheel 2 is produced by means of pressurized casting, wherein the casting mold 3 is tempered in different areas to different temperatures. This different tempering of the casting mold 3 will be described in more detail by means of an example at a later time. Preferably, in areas in which the vehicle wheel 2 has a small cross-section, the mold 3 is heated to high temperatures and in areas in which the vehicle wheel 2 has a large cross-section, the mold 3 is heated to low temperatures. Due to the temperature of the casting mold 3, the solidification behavior of the liquid light metal material can be controlled or adjusted, although the vehicle wheel 2 has very different cross-sections. Furthermore, a region in which the casting mold 3 is vented is tempered to a substantially lower temperature than the other regions of the casting mold 3. This area, in which the mold 3 is vented, will also be described in more detail later.

The moldings of the mold 3, that is, the rigid mold half 4, the movable mold half 5, the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7, may be wholly or partly made of different materials. In particular, the selection of the materials of the individual molded parts can be effected as a function of the temperatures to be set during the temperature control of the casting mold 3.

After solidification of the liquid light metal material, the molded parts are moved apart in the manner described above in order to open the casting mold 3. The ejection of the casting produced by the method, ie the vehicle wheel 2, by means of an ejector unit 17, which is mounted as the guide columns 8 on the one hand to the movable platen 9 and the other to the rear of the machine shield 10. In the present case, the ejector unit 17 has a hydraulic unit 18, which ensures the movement of the ejector unit 17 in a manner known per se. After ejection of the vehicle wheel 2 from the mold 3, the mold 3 in the reverse direction, ie from the state according to the figures 8 and 9 on the state according to the figures 6 and 7, the state according to the 4 and 5 in the state shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 are brought to produce the next vehicle wheel 2 by introducing the liquid light metal material into the mold cavity 14. After completion, the illustrated vehicle wheel 2 can of course be connected to a tire to be filled with air or gas, not shown. The vehicle wheel 2 can also consist of several individual parts, which can also be produced by the method described herein.

Figures 10, 1 1 and 12 show an exemplary embodiment of the mold 3. Here, the rigid mold half 4, the movable mold half 5, the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7 can be seen. Also, the upper gripping member 15 and the lower gripping member 16 are apparent from these figures. FIG. 10 also shows that the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7 are connected to the upper gripping element 15 and the lower gripper element 16 by means of quick connection devices 19 and 20, respectively, with which a rapid connection of the devices belonging to the device 1 Guide elements with the mold parts belonging to the mold 3 is possible to ensure a rapid opening or closing of the mold 3 by moving the mold parts relative to each other, as described above.

In addition, it can be seen in FIG. 10 that the upper slide 6, the lower slide 7 and the movable mold half 5 are thermally separated from the corresponding guide elements, ie the upper gripping element 15, the lower gripping element 16 and the movable clamping plate 9. For this purpose, corresponding insulating elements 21 are provided, which can not all be recognized due to the sectional profile and which may also be provided between the rigid mold half 4 and the fixed platen 12. This thermal separation of the molded parts from the guide elements prevents unintentional heating of the guide elements, so that the function of the device 1 with respect to the opening and closing of the casting mold 3 is ensured even with temperature changes. In Fig. 10, a plurality of tempering can be seen, with which the mold 3 can be heated to different temperatures to allow uniform solidification of the light metal material within the mold cavity 14. The tempering devices are preferably pressurized water circuits, of which a plurality of bores 22 can be seen in FIG. 10, electric heating cartridges 23 and pressurized oil circuits, of which several bores 24 are also shown in FIG. 10. Optionally, other heating or cooling elements can be used as tempering. The tempering, ie the pressurized water circuits, the electric heating cartridges 23 and / or the pressure oil circuits are connected to a Fig. 10 also shown control device 25, so that the temperatures of the tempered by the tempering areas can be controlled and / or regulated. The control device 25 can also be in operative connection with temperature sensors, not shown, which measure the actual temperature of the individual parts of the mold 3 and thus allow a correct adjustment of the temperature. The control device 25 is also able to monitor the molding or zone temperatures in addition to other process data and / or geographical data and / or other monitoring information and to transmit to a higher-level system, such as a machine control. As a result, the casting mold 3 can be tempered in a controlled manner during production and / or for preheating, wherein all influencing parameters, such as different thermal expansions of the components involved, can be monitored and controlled based on the different temperatures and thermal expansion coefficients of the molded parts.

The tempering of the casting mold 3 can of course be designed differently for each individual casting mold and thus for each individual vehicle wheel 2 to be produced with the casting mold 3 or the device 1.

FIGS. 1, 4, 6 and 8 very schematically show assemblies 26 which serve to supply the tempering devices for tempering the casting mold 3 and which are integrated into the device 1. In the present case, the units 26 are shown as integrated into the rails 1 1. Of course, the aggregates 26 may, however, also be located or attached at other positions within the device 1.

Furthermore, FIGS. 1, 4, 6 and 8 show a vacuum unit 27 which serves to extract air from the mold cavity 14. The negative pressure unit 27, with which a corresponding negative pressure is generated, is integrated into the device 1 and again shown purely by way of example in the rails 1 1. The connection of the aggregates 26 with the tempering and the connection of the vacuum unit 27 with the mold cavity 14 are not shown in the figures; These can be done in a variety of ways known to those skilled in the art.

FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of a part of the casting mold 3, in which the upper slide 6, the lower slide 7, the movable mold half 5, the control device 25 as well as a part of the mold cavity 14 can be seen. Also, the two gripping elements 15 and 16 and their connection to the two slides 6 and 7 can be clearly seen in Fig. 1 1. Furthermore 1, that at least one of the molded parts, in the present case, both the upper slide 6 and the lower slide 7 has a plurality of tuning elements 28, with which the mold parts can be matched. In the present case, the two slides 6 and 7 are matched to the rigid mold half 4, not shown in FIG. 1 1, by means of the tuning elements 28. As a result, inevitably resulting tolerance deviations can be compensated in the production of the individual moldings. Furthermore, the tuning elements 28 serve to adjust the molded parts of the casting mold 3 to different temperatures acting on the casting mold 3. The tuning elements 28, which may also be referred to as inserts, may be made of a different material than the slides 6 and 7, respectively, in which they are arranged.

By means of the tuning elements 28, which have a wide variety of strengths and may also be designed as a tuning cylinder, it is possible to match the mold 3 in separation areas between the mold parts of the mold 3 so that all moldings remain the same even under explosive pressure to escape to prevent the liquid light metal material. Thereby, the mold parts of the mold 3 can be adjusted with their temperature zones so that in the production of the vehicle wheels 2 in addition to the technological and economic claim that inevitably results in vehicle wheels 2, and the technological and economic execution of the mold 3 in connection with the problems , which results in conventional molds, care is taken. The tuning elements 28 may also be revised or replaced after appropriate testing, so that a secure sealing of the mold 3 is ensured.

In Fig. 12 is a view of another mold part of the mold 3 is shown, namely on the rigid mold half 4. This has a subsequent to the mold cavity 14 vent area 29, to which at the beginning of the casting process within the mold cavity 14 located air can escape. In order to prevent the liquid light metal material from escaping from the venting area 29 in addition to the air, the vent area is, as already mentioned, tempered to a substantially lower temperature than the other areas of the casting mold 3. In addition, a tempered, labyrinth-like structure 30 is provided in the venting region 29, which makes it difficult for the liquid light metal material to escape from the mold cavity 14. In addition or as an alternative to the labyrinth-like structure 30, the region 29 can also have cross-sectional changes, surface enlargements or surface reductions and / or deflections. The venting area 29 or a venting element 29 forming the venting element may be made of a different material than the other components of the mold 3. For example, copper materials, such as brass or bronze, for the vent area 29th be used. Of course, the same or similar ventilation areas as the ventilation area 29 may be located at other locations of the mold cavity 14.

The ventilation region 29, which can also be referred to as a venting unit, by its own thermal management in conjunction with the described geometric shape allows the liquid light metal material itself braking system, so that, depending on the requirements variable with a full cross-section or reduced cross-section over one or more Bores 31 a connection to the vacuum unit 27 can be controlled specifically to be able to realize in this way short venting distances. Some of these ventilation areas 29 may also be provided with vacuum valve connection or without subsequent vacuum connection can be used to serve the casting mold 3 in whole or in part as an overflow.

In Fig. 12, a closed belt or ring 32 can be seen, which is formed by an offset of the planes of the rigid mold half 4. On the ring 32 are in the closed state of the mold 3, the tuning elements 28 to ensure the tightness of the mold 3. The ring 32 thus absorbs the forces occurring during casting.

Claims

P a n t a n s p r e c h e Method for producing a vehicle wheel (2) from a light metal material, wherein the light metal material is introduced in liquid form into a mold cavity (14) of a casting mold (3), d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that the vehicle wheel (2) is produced by means of pressurized casting, wherein the casting mold (3) is tempered in different areas to different temperatures. Method according to claim 1, d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that in areas where the vehicle wheel (2) has a small cross section, the mold (3) is tempered to high temperatures, and that in areas where the vehicle wheel (2) has a large cross section, the mold (3) to low Temperatures is tempered. Method according to claim 1 or 2, d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that the liquid light metal material is introduced at high speed of more than 5 m / s into the mold cavity (14). Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that a venting area (29), in which the casting mold (3) is vented, is tempered to a substantially lower temperature than the other regions of the casting mold (3). Mold (3) for producing a vehicle wheel (2) from a light metal material, with a mold cavity (14) for receiving the light metal material in liquid form forming moldings, d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that the casting mold (3) has temperature-controlled regions at different temperatures by means of tempering devices. 6. casting mold (3) according to claim 5,  d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that  the tempering as pressure water circuits, electric heating cartridges (23) and / or pressure oil circuits are formed. 7. casting mold (3) according to claim 5 or 6,  d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that  the mold parts and / or associated with the mold parts inserts and / or vent elements made of different materials. 8. mold (3) according to claim 5, 6 or 7,  d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that  the tempering devices are in operative connection with a control device (25) for controlling and / or regulating the temperatures of the tempered regions. 9. mold (3) according to any one of claims 5 to 8,  d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that  at least two mutually movable moldings are provided. 10. casting mold (3) according to any one of claims 5 to 9,  d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that  at least one of the molded parts has a plurality of tuning elements (28) for adjusting the molded part to different temperatures acting on the casting mold (3). 11. mold (3) according to any one of claims 5 to 10,  d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that  in a vent area (29) of the mold cavity (14) of the mold (3) a surface change in the form of a tempered labyrinthine structure (30) and / or at least one cross-sectional change and / or at least one deflection is provided. 12. Device (1) for producing a vehicle wheel (2) with a casting mold (3) according to one of claims 5 to 11. 13. Device (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one of the mold parts of the mold (3) is movable relative to a further mold part by means of at least one guide element not belonging to the mold (3) in the closing direction (x) of the mold (3). Device (1) according to claim 12 or 13, d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that the mold parts are thermally separated from the same moving guide elements. Device (1) according to claim 12, 13 or 14, d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that at least two of the mold parts by means of respective gripping elements (15,16) are movable in a direction perpendicular to the closing direction (x) direction. Device (1) according to claim 13 or 14, d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that at least one of the mold parts by means of quick connection means (19,20) with the at least one guide element and / or with the gripping elements (15,16) is connectable. Device (1) according to one of claims 12 to 15, d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that respective units (26) for supplying the tempering in the device (1) are integrated. Device (1) according to one of claims 12 to 16, d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that at least one vacuum unit (27) is provided for extracting air from the mold cavity (14).