WO2019043788A1 - 作業車両の制御システム、方法、及び作業車両 - Google Patents
作業車両の制御システム、方法、及び作業車両 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019043788A1 WO2019043788A1 PCT/JP2017/030934 JP2017030934W WO2019043788A1 WO 2019043788 A1 WO2019043788 A1 WO 2019043788A1 JP 2017030934 W JP2017030934 W JP 2017030934W WO 2019043788 A1 WO2019043788 A1 WO 2019043788A1
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- Prior art keywords
- work
- controller
- operator
- target
- work vehicle
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 124
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/0055—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots with safety arrangements
- G05D1/0061—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots with safety arrangements for transition from automatic pilot to manual pilot and vice versa
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/76—Graders, bulldozers, or the like with scraper plates or ploughshare-like elements; Levelling scarifying devices
- E02F3/7609—Scraper blade mounted forwardly of the tractor on a pair of pivoting arms which are linked to the sides of the tractor, e.g. bulldozers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2004—Control mechanisms, e.g. control levers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/261—Surveying the work-site to be treated
- E02F9/262—Surveying the work-site to be treated with follow-up actions to control the work tool, e.g. controller
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/264—Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool
- E02F9/265—Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool with follow-up actions (e.g. control signals sent to actuate the work tool)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/0094—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots involving pointing a payload, e.g. camera, weapon, sensor, towards a fixed or moving target
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/76—Graders, bulldozers, or the like with scraper plates or ploughshare-like elements; Levelling scarifying devices
- E02F3/80—Component parts
- E02F3/84—Drives or control devices therefor, e.g. hydraulic drive systems
- E02F3/844—Drives or control devices therefor, e.g. hydraulic drive systems for positioning the blade, e.g. hydraulically
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/76—Graders, bulldozers, or the like with scraper plates or ploughshare-like elements; Levelling scarifying devices
- E02F3/80—Component parts
- E02F3/84—Drives or control devices therefor, e.g. hydraulic drive systems
- E02F3/844—Drives or control devices therefor, e.g. hydraulic drive systems for positioning the blade, e.g. hydraulically
- E02F3/847—Drives or control devices therefor, e.g. hydraulic drive systems for positioning the blade, e.g. hydraulically using electromagnetic, optical or acoustic beams to determine the blade position, e.g. laser beams
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control system, method, and work vehicle of a work vehicle.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a control system, method, and work vehicle of a work vehicle in which the position of the work device can be easily changed by the operator's intention in automatic control of the work device.
- a control system for a work vehicle includes an operating device and a controller.
- the operating device outputs an operation signal indicating an operation by the operator.
- the controller communicates with the operating device.
- the controller is programmed to do the following:
- the controller determines a target profile for work.
- the controller generates a command signal to operate the work machine according to the target profile.
- the controller receives an operation signal from the operating device.
- the controller determines the operation of the work machine by the operator based on the operation signal.
- the controller corrects the target profile according to the operation by the operator when the operation of the work machine by the operator is performed.
- a method is a method executed by a controller to control a work vehicle having a work machine, and comprises the following processing.
- the first process is to determine the target profile of the work target.
- the second process is to generate a command signal for operating the working machine according to the target profile.
- the third process is to receive an operation signal indicating an operation by the operator.
- the fourth process is to determine the operation of the work machine by the operator based on the operation signal.
- the fifth process is to correct the target profile according to the operation of the operator when the operation of the work machine by the operator is performed.
- a work vehicle includes a work machine, an operation device, and a controller.
- the operating device outputs an operation signal indicating an operation by the operator.
- the controller controls the work machine.
- the controller is programmed to do the following: The controller determines a target profile for work.
- the controller generates a command signal to operate the work machine according to the target profile.
- the controller receives an operation signal from the operating device.
- the controller determines the operation of the work machine by the operator based on the operation signal.
- the controller corrects the target profile according to the operation by the operator when the operation of the work machine by the operator is performed.
- the target profile is corrected according to the operation by the operator. Therefore, the position of the work machine can be easily changed by the intention of the operator without performing a complicated operation to release the automatic control.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a modified target design terrain according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a modified target design terrain according to another embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of target load parameter data. It is a figure which shows the other example of a target design topography.
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a work vehicle 1 according to the embodiment.
- the work vehicle 1 according to the present embodiment is a bulldozer.
- the work vehicle 1 includes a vehicle body 11, a travel device 12, and a work implement 13.
- the vehicle body 11 has a cab 14 and an engine room 15.
- a driver's seat (not shown) is disposed in the driver's cab 14.
- the engine room 15 is disposed in front of the cab 14.
- the traveling device 12 is attached to the lower part of the vehicle body 11.
- the traveling device 12 has a pair of right and left crawler belts 16. In FIG. 1, only the left crawler belt 16 is illustrated. As the crawler 16 rotates, the work vehicle 1 travels.
- the traveling of the work vehicle 1 may be any of autonomous traveling, semi-autonomous traveling, and traveling by the operation of the operator.
- the work implement 13 is attached to the vehicle body 11.
- the working machine 13 has a lift frame 17, a blade 18 and a lift cylinder 19.
- the lift frame 17 is mounted on the vehicle body 11 so as to be movable up and down around an axis X extending in the vehicle width direction.
- the lift frame 17 supports the blade 18.
- the blade 18 is disposed in front of the vehicle body 11. The blade 18 moves up and down as the lift frame 17 moves up and down.
- the lift cylinder 19 is connected to the vehicle body 11 and the lift frame 17.
- the lift frame 19 rotates up and down about the axis X by the expansion and contraction of the lift cylinder 19.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the drive system 2 of the work vehicle 1 and the control system 3.
- the drive system 2 includes an engine 22, a hydraulic pump 23, and a power transmission 24.
- the hydraulic pump 23 is driven by the engine 22 and discharges hydraulic oil.
- the hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 23 is supplied to the lift cylinder 19.
- one hydraulic pump 23 is illustrated in FIG. 2, a plurality of hydraulic pumps may be provided.
- the power transmission 24 transmits the driving force of the engine 22 to the traveling device 12.
- the power transmission device 24 may be, for example, HST (Hydro Static Transmission).
- the power transmission 24 may be, for example, a torque converter or a transmission having a plurality of transmission gears.
- the control system 3 includes a first operating device 25 a, a second operating device 25 b, a controller 26, a storage device 28, and a control valve 27.
- the first operating device 25 a and the second operating device 25 b are disposed in the cab 14.
- the first operating device 25 a is a device for operating the traveling device 12.
- the first controller 25a receives an operation by an operator for driving the traveling device 12, and outputs an operation signal according to the operation.
- the second controller 25 b is a device for operating the work machine 13.
- the second controller 25b receives an operation by the operator for driving the work machine 13, and outputs an operation signal according to the operation.
- the first operating device 25a and the second operating device 25b include, for example, an operating lever, a pedal, a switch, and the like.
- the first operating device 25a is provided at an advance position, a reverse position, and a neutral position.
- An operation signal indicating the position of the first operating device 25 a is output to the controller 26.
- the controller 26 controls the traveling device 12 or the power transmission 24 so that the work vehicle 1 advances when the operation position of the first operating device 25a is the forward position.
- the controller 26 controls the traveling device 12 or the power transmission 24 so that the work vehicle 1 moves backward.
- the second operating device 25b is operably provided at the raising position, the lowering position, and the neutral position.
- An operation signal indicating the position of the second operating device 25 b is output to the controller 26.
- the controller 26 controls the lift cylinder 19 so that the blade 18 ascends when the operation position of the second operating device 25b is the raising position.
- the controller 26 controls the lift cylinder 19 so that the blade 18 is lowered.
- the controller 26 is programmed to control the work vehicle 1 based on the acquired data.
- the controller 26 includes, for example, a processing device (processor) such as a CPU.
- the controller 26 acquires operation signals from the operation devices 25a and 25b.
- the controller 26 controls the control valve 27 based on the operation signal.
- the controller 26 is not limited to one unit, but may be divided into a plurality of controllers.
- the control valve 27 is a proportional control valve, and is controlled by a command signal from the controller 26.
- the control valve 27 is disposed between a hydraulic actuator such as the lift cylinder 19 and the hydraulic pump 23.
- the control valve 27 controls the flow rate of hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump 23 to the lift cylinder 19.
- the controller 26 generates a command signal to the control valve 27 so that the blade 18 operates in response to the operation of the second controller 25 b.
- the lift cylinder 19 is controlled in accordance with the amount of operation of the second operating device 25b.
- the control valve 27 may be a pressure proportional control valve.
- the control valve 27 may be an electromagnetic proportional control valve.
- the control system 3 includes a work machine sensor 29.
- the work machine sensor 29 detects the position of the work machine and outputs a work machine position signal indicating the position of the work machine.
- the work machine sensor 29 detects the stroke length of the lift cylinder 19 (hereinafter referred to as "lift cylinder length L").
- lift cylinder length L the stroke length of the lift cylinder 19
- the controller 26 calculates the lift angle ⁇ lift of the blade 18 based on the lift cylinder length L.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the configuration of the work vehicle 1.
- the reference position of the work implement 13 is indicated by a two-dot chain line.
- the reference position of the work implement 13 is the position of the blade 18 in a state where the blade edge of the blade 18 is in contact with the ground on the horizontal ground.
- the lift angle ⁇ lift is an angle from the reference position of the work machine 13.
- the control system 3 includes a position sensor 31.
- the position sensor 31 measures the position of the work vehicle 1.
- the position sensor 31 includes a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver 32 and an IMU 33.
- the GNSS receiver 32 is, for example, a receiver for GPS (Global Positioning System).
- the antenna of the GNSS receiver 32 is arranged on the cab 14.
- the GNSS receiver 32 receives a positioning signal from a satellite, calculates the position of the antenna based on the positioning signal, and generates vehicle position data.
- the controller 26 acquires vehicle position data from the GNSS receiver 32.
- the controller 26 obtains the traveling direction of the work vehicle 1 and the vehicle speed from the vehicle body position data.
- the IMU 33 is an inertial measurement unit.
- the IMU 33 acquires vehicle body tilt angle data.
- the vehicle body inclination angle data includes an angle (pitch angle) to the horizontal in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and an angle (roll angle) to the horizontal in the lateral direction of the vehicle.
- the controller 26 acquires vehicle body tilt angle data from the IMU 33.
- the controller 26 calculates the cutting edge position P0 from the lift cylinder length L, the vehicle position data, and the vehicle inclination angle data. As shown in FIG. 3, the controller 26 calculates global coordinates of the GNSS receiver 32 based on the vehicle position data. The controller 26 calculates the lift angle ⁇ lift based on the lift cylinder length L. The controller 26 calculates local coordinates of the cutting edge position P0 with respect to the GNSS receiver 32, based on the lift angle ⁇ lift and the vehicle body dimension data. The vehicle body size data is stored in the storage device 28 and indicates the position of the work implement 13 with respect to the GNSS receiver 32.
- the controller 26 calculates global coordinates of the edge position P0 based on global coordinates of the GNSS receiver 32, local coordinates of the edge position P0, and vehicle body tilt angle data.
- the controller 26 acquires global coordinates of the cutting edge position P0 as cutting edge position data.
- the control system 3 includes an output sensor 34 that measures the output of the power transmission 24.
- the output sensor 34 may be a pressure sensor that detects the driving hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic motor.
- the output sensor 34 may be a rotation sensor that detects the output rotation speed of the hydraulic motor. If the power transmission 24 has a torque converter, the output sensor 34 may be a rotation sensor that detects the output rotational speed of the torque converter.
- a detection signal indicating the detection value of the output sensor 34 is output to the controller 26.
- the storage device 28 includes, for example, a memory and an auxiliary storage device.
- the storage device 28 may be, for example, a RAM or a ROM.
- the storage device 28 may be a semiconductor memory or a hard disk.
- the storage device 28 is an example of a non-transitory computer readable recording medium.
- the storage unit 28 stores computer instructions that can be executed by the processor and control the work vehicle 1.
- the storage unit 28 stores design topography data and work site topography data.
- the design topography data indicates the final design topography.
- the final design topography is the final target shape of the work site surface.
- the design topography data is, for example, a civil engineering construction drawing in a three-dimensional data format.
- the work site topography data indicates the topography of a wide area of the work site.
- the work site topography data is, for example, a current topographical survey map in a three-dimensional data format.
- the work site topography data can be obtained, for example, by aviation laser survey.
- the controller 26 acquires present terrain data.
- the present topography data indicates the present topography of the work site.
- the current topography of the work site is the topography of a region along the traveling direction of the work vehicle 1.
- the present topography data is acquired by calculation in the controller 26 from work site topography data and the position and traveling direction of the work vehicle 1 obtained from the position sensor 31 described above.
- the controller 26 automatically controls the work machine 13 based on the current topography data, the design topography data, and the cutting edge position data.
- the automatic control of the work implement 13 may be semi-automatic control performed together with the manual operation by the operator.
- the automatic control of the work implement 13 may be a fully automatic control performed without manual operation by the operator.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a process of automatic control of the working machine 13 in the digging operation.
- step S101 the controller 26 acquires current position data.
- the controller 26 obtains the current cutting edge position P0 of the blade 18 as described above.
- step S102 the controller 26 acquires design topography data.
- the plurality of reference points Pn indicate a plurality of points at predetermined intervals along the traveling direction of the work vehicle 1.
- the plurality of reference points Pn are on the traveling path of the blade 18.
- the final design topography 60 has a flat shape parallel to the horizontal direction, but may have a different shape.
- step S103 the controller 26 acquires present terrain data.
- the controller 26 obtains present topography data by calculation from work site topography data obtained from the storage device 28 and position data and traveling direction data of the vehicle body obtained from the position sensor 31.
- the current topography data is information indicating the topography located in the traveling direction of the work vehicle 1.
- FIG. 5 shows a cross section of the current terrain 50.
- the vertical axis indicates the height of the terrain
- the horizontal axis indicates the distance from the current position in the traveling direction of the work vehicle 1.
- the present topography data includes the height Zn of the present topography 50 at a plurality of reference points Pn from the present position to a predetermined topography recognition distance dA in the traveling direction of the work vehicle 1.
- the current position is a position determined based on the current cutting edge position P0 of the work vehicle 1.
- the current position may be determined based on the current positions of other parts of the work vehicle 1.
- the plurality of reference points are arranged at predetermined intervals, for example, every 1 m.
- step S104 the controller 26 acquires a digging start position.
- the controller 26 acquires a position at which the cutting edge position P0 first falls below the height Z0 of the current topography 50 as the digging start position.
- the controller 26 may obtain the digging start position by another method.
- the controller 26 may acquire the digging start position based on the operation of the second operating device 25b.
- the controller 26 may obtain the digging start position by calculating the optimal digging start position from the current topography data.
- step S105 the controller 26 acquires the amount of movement of the work vehicle 1.
- the controller 26 acquires, as the movement amount, the distance traveled from the digging start position to the current position in the advancing path of the blade 18.
- the movement amount of the work vehicle 1 may be the movement amount of the vehicle body 11.
- the amount of movement of the work vehicle 1 may be the amount of movement of the blade edge of the blade 18.
- step S106 the controller 26 determines target design topography data.
- the target design terrain data shows the target design terrain 70 depicted by dashed lines in FIG.
- the target design terrain 70 shows the desired trajectory of the blade edge of the blade 18 in operation.
- the target design terrain 70 is a target profile of the terrain to be worked on, and shows the desired shape as a result of the drilling operation.
- the controller 26 determines a target displacement Z_offset and a target design topography 70 displaced downward from the present topography 50.
- the target displacement Z_offset is a target displacement in the vertical direction at each reference point Pn.
- the target displacement Z_offset is a target depth at each reference point Pn, and indicates the target position of the blade 18 below the current topography 50.
- the target position of the blade 18 means the target cutting edge position of the blade 18.
- the target displacement Z_offset indicates the amount of soil per unit movement amount excavated by the blade 18. Therefore, the target design topography data indicates the relationship between the plurality of reference points Pn and the plurality of target soil volumes.
- the target displacement Z_offset is an example of a target load parameter related to the load on the blade 18.
- the controller 26 determines the target design topography 70 so as not to cross the final design topography 60 downward. Therefore, the controller 26 determines a target design topography 70 located above the final design topography 60 and below the current topography 50 during the digging operation.
- the controller 26 determines the height Z of the target design topography 70 according to the following equation (1).
- Z Zn-Z_offset (1)
- the target displacement Z_offset is determined by referring to the target displacement data C.
- the target displacement data C is stored in the storage unit 28.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing an example of the target displacement data C. As shown in FIG.
- the target displacement data C defines the relationship between the amount of movement n of the work vehicle 1 and the target displacement Z_offset.
- the target displacement data C indicates the digging depth (target displacement) Z_offset in the vertical downward direction from the ground surface of the blade 18 as a dependent variable of the horizontal movement amount n of the work vehicle 1.
- the horizontal movement amount n of the work vehicle 1 is substantially the same value as the horizontal movement amount of the blade 18.
- the controller 26 determines the target displacement Z_offset from the movement amount n of the work vehicle 1 with reference to the target displacement data C shown in FIG.
- the target displacement data C includes start time data c1, digging time data c2, transition time data c3, and soil unloading time data c4.
- the start data c1 defines the relationship between the movement amount n in the excavation start area and the target displacement Z_offset.
- the digging start area is a range from the digging start point S to the steady digging start point D.
- a target displacement Z_offset that increases in accordance with the increase of the movement amount n is defined.
- the excavation data c2 defines the relationship between the movement amount n in the excavation area and the target displacement Z_offset.
- the excavation area is an area from the steady excavation start point D to the soil transfer start point T.
- the target displacement Z_offset is defined to a constant value.
- the data at the time of excavation c2 defines a constant target displacement Z_offset with respect to the movement amount n. Note that although the target displacement Z_offset in the excavation area is a constant value, it may not be a constant value. For example, the target displacement Z_offset may have a difference between the first half and the second half of the excavation area.
- the transition time data c3 defines the relationship between the movement amount n in the soil transportation transition area and the target displacement Z_offset.
- the soil transport transition area is an area from the steady excavation end point T to the soil transport start point P.
- the transition data c3 defines a target displacement Z_offset that decreases as the movement amount n increases.
- the soil transportation time data c4 defines the relationship between the movement amount n in the soil transportation region and the target displacement Z_offset.
- the soil transportation area is an area starting from the soil transportation start point P.
- the target displacement Z_offset is defined to a constant value.
- the soil transportation time data c4 defines a constant target displacement Z_offset with respect to the movement amount n.
- the excavation area starts from the first start value b1 and ends at the first end value b2.
- the soil transportation area is started from the second start value b3.
- the first end value b2 is smaller than the second start value b3.
- the target displacement Z_offset in the excavation area is constant at the first target value a1.
- the target displacement Z_offset in the soil transportation area is constant at the second target value a2.
- the first target value a1 is larger than the second target value a2. Therefore, in the excavation area, a target displacement Z_offset larger than that of the soil transportation area is defined.
- the target displacement Z_offset at the digging start position is a start value a0.
- the start value a0 is smaller than the first target value a1.
- the start target value a0 is smaller than the second target value a2.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the process of determining the target displacement Z_offset.
- the traveling of the work vehicle 1 is assumed to be only forward.
- the determination process is started when the first operating device 25a moves to the forward position.
- the controller 26 determines whether the movement amount n is 0 or more and less than the first start value b1.
- the controller 26 gradually increases the target displacement Z_offset from the start value a0 according to the increase of the movement amount n.
- the start value a0 is a constant and is stored in the storage device 28.
- the start value a0 is preferably as small as possible so that the load on the blade 18 does not become excessively large at the start of excavation.
- the first start value b1 is calculated from the inclination c1 in the excavation start area shown in FIG. 6, the start value a0, and the first target value a1.
- the inclination c1 is a constant and is stored in the storage device 28.
- the inclination c1 is preferably a value that allows rapid transition from the digging start to the digging operation and that the load on the blade 18 does not become excessively large.
- step S203 the controller 26 determines whether the movement amount n is equal to or greater than the first start value b1 and less than the first end value b2.
- step S204 the controller 26 sets the target displacement Z_offset to the first target value a1.
- the first target value a1 is a constant and is stored in the storage device 28.
- the first target value a1 is preferably such a value that drilling can be efficiently performed and the load on the blade 18 does not become excessively large.
- step S205 the controller 26 determines whether the movement amount n is equal to or greater than the first end value b2 and less than the second start value b3.
- step S206 the controller 26 changes the target displacement Z_offset to the first target value a1 according to the increase of the movement amount n.
- the first end value b2 is a movement amount when the current amount of soil held by the blade 18 exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Therefore, the controller 26 reduces the target displacement Z_offset from the first target value a1 when the current amount of soil held by the blade 18 exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- the predetermined threshold is determined based on, for example, the maximum capacity of the blade 18. For example, the current amount of soil held by the blade 18 may be determined by calculating the load on the blade 18 from the load. Alternatively, an image of the blade 18 may be acquired by a camera, and by analyzing the image, the present amount of soil held by the blade 18 may be calculated.
- a predetermined initial value is set as the first end value b2.
- the movement amount when the amount of soil held by the blade 18 exceeds a predetermined threshold is stored as an update value, and the first end value b2 is updated based on the stored update value.
- step S207 the controller 26 determines whether the movement amount n is equal to or greater than a second start value b3.
- the controller 26 sets the target displacement Z_offset to the second target value a2.
- the second target value a2 is a constant and is stored in the storage device 28.
- the second target value a2 is preferably set to a value suitable for soil transportation work.
- the second start value b3 is obtained by calculation from the slope c2 in the soil transfer area shown in FIG. 6, the first target value a1, and the second target value a2.
- the slope c2 is a constant and is stored in the storage device 28.
- the inclination c2 is preferably a value such that the load can be quickly transferred from the digging operation to the soil transportation operation and the load on the blade 18 does not become excessively large.
- the start value a0, the first target value a1, and the second target value a2 may be changed according to the condition of the work vehicle 1 or the like.
- the first start value b1, the first end value b2, and the second start value b3 may be stored in the storage device 28 as constants.
- the height Z of the target design terrain 70 is determined by determining the target displacement Z_offset.
- step S107 shown in FIG. 4 the controller 26 controls the blade 18 toward the target design topography 70.
- the controller 26 generates a command signal to the work machine 13 so that the blade edge position of the blade 18 moves toward the target design topography 70 created in step S106.
- the generated command signal is input to the control valve 27. Thereby, the blade edge position P0 of the work machine 13 moves along the target design topography 70.
- the target displacement Z_offset between the current topography 50 and the target design topography 70 is large compared to the other areas. Thereby, the excavation work of the present topography 50 is performed in the excavation area.
- the target displacement Z_offset between the current topography 50 and the target design topography 70 is smaller compared to other areas. Thereby, in the soil transportation area, excavation of the ground is avoided, and the soil held by the blade 18 is transported.
- step S108 the controller 26 updates work site topography data.
- the controller 26 updates work site topography data with position data indicating the latest trajectory of the cutting edge position P0.
- the controller 26 may calculate the position of the bottom surface of the crawler belt 16 from the vehicle body position data and the vehicle body size data, and update the work site topography data with position data indicating the trajectory of the bottom surface of the crawler belt 16. In this case, updating of work site topography data can be performed immediately.
- the work site topography data may be generated from survey data measured by a surveying device outside the work vehicle 1.
- a surveying device outside the work vehicle 1.
- aviation laser surveying may be used as an external surveying instrument.
- the present topography 50 may be photographed by a camera, and work site topography data may be generated from image data obtained by the camera.
- aerial surveying with a UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
- updating of work site topography data may be performed at predetermined intervals or at any time.
- the above process is performed when the work vehicle 1 is moving forward.
- the first controller 25a is in the forward position, the above process is performed.
- the work vehicle 1 moves backward a predetermined distance or more, the excavation start position, the movement amount n, and the amount of soil held by the blade 18 are initialized.
- the controller 26 updates the current topography 50 based on the updated work site topography data, and newly determines the target design topography 70 based on the updated current topography 50.
- the controller 26 then controls the blade 18 along the newly determined target design terrain 70. By repeating such processing, excavation is performed such that the current topography 50 approaches the final design topography 60.
- the controller 26 repeats the processing of steps S101 to S108 for each predetermined distance and every advance, or for each predetermined time during the advance.
- the controller 26 may repeat the processing of steps S101 to S108 every predetermined distance, every reverse movement, or every predetermined time during reverse movement.
- the digging start position and the movement amount n may be initialized.
- the controller 26 may repeat the processing of steps S101 to S108 every time the work vehicle 1 moves by a predetermined distance, or every predetermined time.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a process for correcting the target design topography in accordance with the operation by the operator.
- step S301 the controller 26 determines whether there is an operation of the work machine 13 or not. More specifically, the controller 26 determines from the operation signal from the second controller 25b whether the second controller 25b has performed an operation to raise the blade 18 (hereinafter referred to as "raising operation"). When the raising operation of the blade 18 is performed on the second controller 25b, the controller 26 determines that the operation of the work machine 13 is present, and the process proceeds to step S302.
- step S302 the controller 26 acquires the operation amount S of the second operating device 25b.
- the controller 26 acquires the raising operation amount S of the second operating device 25b from the operation signal from the second operating device 25b.
- the raising operation amount S is a stroke amount of the second operating device 25b from the neutral position to the raising position.
- step S303 the controller 26 controls the work implement 13 in accordance with the operation signal.
- the controller 26 outputs a command signal to the control valve 27 so as to raise the blade 18 in accordance with the raising operation amount S of the second controller 25b.
- the control valve 27 may be controlled by omitting the processing of step S302 by the controller 26 and applying the pilot hydraulic pressure from the second controller 25b to the control valve 27.
- step S304 the controller 26 acquires the traction force F.
- the controller 26 obtains the traction force F by calculating the traction force F from the detection value of the output sensor 34.
- the controller 26 can calculate the traction force from the driving oil pressure of the hydraulic motor and the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor.
- the traction force is a load that the work vehicle 1 receives.
- F is a traction force
- k is a constant
- T is a transmission input torque
- R is a reduction ratio
- L is a crawler link pitch
- Z is a sprocket tooth number.
- the input torque T is calculated based on the output rotational speed of the torque converter.
- the method of detecting the traction force is not limited to that described above, and may be detected by another method.
- step S305 the controller 26 acquires the displacement amount Zm of the work machine 13.
- the controller 26 acquires the vertical displacement amount Zm between the blade position of the blade 18 at the start of the lifting operation by the operator and the blade position at the end from the blade position data described above.
- step S306 the controller 26 determines whether a predetermined determination condition is satisfied.
- the determination conditions include the following first to fourth conditions as AND conditions.
- the first condition is that the traction force F is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold f1.
- the threshold f1 may be a numerical value indicating that it is a soil transportation operation.
- the second condition is that the raising operation of the blade 18 is continued for a predetermined time t1 or more.
- the predetermined time t1 may be, for example, an appropriate value to exclude the case where the raising operation is performed for a very short time.
- the second condition may be that the state in which the amount of increase operation S is the predetermined amount s1 or more continues for the predetermined time t1 or more in order to ignore the minute increase operation.
- the third condition is that the movement amount n from the above-mentioned digging start position is larger than the predetermined distance n1.
- the predetermined distance n1 may be an appropriate value to prohibit the correction of the target design topography 70 in the area prior to the soil transportation area.
- the predetermined distance n1 may be an appropriate value to prohibit the correction of the target design topography 70 in the soil transfer area or the area before the excavation area.
- the fourth condition is that the displacement amount Zm of the work machine 13 is within a predetermined range. That is, the fourth condition is that the displacement amount Zm of the work machine 13 is larger than the lower limit value zm1 of the displacement amount and smaller than the upper limit value zm2 of the displacement amount (zm1 ⁇ Zm ⁇ zm2).
- the lower limit value zm1 of the displacement amount may be a numerical value for ignoring a minute raising operation.
- the upper limit zm2 of the displacement amount may be a numerical value for excluding the lifting operation for avoiding an obstacle.
- step S307 the controller 26 corrects the target design topography 70.
- the controller 26 corrects the target design topography 70 by displacing the target design topography 70 in the vertical direction by the displacement amount Zm.
- the controller 26 corrects the target design topography 70 by correcting the height Z of the target design topography 70 with the displacement amount Zm according to the following equation (3).
- Z Zn-Z_offset + Zm (3)
- the controller 26 acquires the vertical displacement amount Zm between the blade position at the start of the raising operation by the operator and the blade position at the end. If the above-described determination condition is satisfied, the controller 26 determines the corrected target design topography 70 'by displacing the original target design topography 70 in the vertical direction by the displacement amount Zm. The controller 26 then controls the blade 18 with respect to the corrected target design terrain 70 '. Thereby, the cutting edge position of the work machine 13 moves along the corrected target design topography 70 '.
- the operator When the traveling direction of the work vehicle 1 is switched from forward to reverse and the work vehicle 1 moves backward a predetermined distance or more, the operator performs the raising operation of the blade 18 by the operator as in the above-described digging start position and movement amount n.
- the correction amount of the target design topography 70 in accordance with that is also initialized. That is, the above Zm is reset to "0".
- the correction amount of the target design topography 70 is invalidated. That is, when the operation of the second operating device 25b by the operator is the lowering operation of the blade 18, the above Zm is set to "0".
- the controller 26 acquires the vertical displacement amount Zm between the cutting edge position at the start of the lowering operation of the blade 18 by the operator and the cutting edge position at the end.
- the corrected target design topography 70 ' may be determined by displacing the design topography 70 downward by a displacement amount Zm.
- the control system 3 of the work vehicle 1 when the operation of the work machine 13 by the operator is performed during the automatic control of the work machine 13, the target design topography is obtained according to the operation by the operator. 70 is corrected. Therefore, the position of the work machine 13 can be easily changed by the intention of the operator without the operator performing a complicated operation to cancel the automatic control.
- the operator when the work machine 13 is performing work in the soil transportation area by automatic control, the operator operates the second operating device 25 b to raise the blade 18, thereby uncovering the work by the work machine 13 as work. It can be changed.
- the work of spreading means to spread the soil in layers on the present topography.
- the work vehicle 1 is not limited to a bulldozer, but may be another vehicle such as a wheel loader or a motor grader.
- the work vehicle 1 may be a remotely steerable vehicle. In that case, part of the control system 3 may be disposed outside the work vehicle 1.
- the controller 26 may be disposed outside the work vehicle 1.
- the controller 26 may be located in a control center remote from the work site.
- the controller 26 may have a plurality of controllers 26 separate from one another.
- the controller 26 may include a remote controller 261 disposed outside the work vehicle 1 and an on-board controller 262 mounted on the work vehicle 1.
- the remote controller 261 and the in-vehicle controller 262 may be able to communicate wirelessly via the communication devices 38 and 39. Then, part of the functions of the controller 26 described above may be performed by the remote controller 261, and the remaining functions may be performed by the onboard controller 262.
- the process of determining the target design topography 70 may be performed by the remote controller 261, and the process of outputting a command signal to the work machine 13 may be performed by the onboard controller 262.
- the operating devices 25 a and 25 b may be disposed outside the work vehicle 1. In that case, the driver's cab may be omitted from the work vehicle 1. Alternatively, the operating devices 25 a and 25 b may be omitted from the work vehicle 1.
- the work vehicle 1 may be operated only by the automatic control by the controller 26 without the operation by the operation devices 25a and 25b.
- the present topography 50 may be acquired by other devices as well as the position sensor 31 described above.
- the current terrain 50 may be acquired by the interface device 37 that receives data from an external device.
- the interface device 37 may wirelessly receive the present topography data measured by the external measurement device 41.
- the interface device 37 may be a reading device of a recording medium, and may receive current topography data measured by the external measuring device 41 via the recording medium.
- the target design topography is corrected when the operator's raising operation (or lowering operation) is intervened.
- the target design topography may be corrected according to the displacement amount Zm of the cutting edge position also when an operator's raising operation (or lowering operation) is intervened in other regions.
- FIG. 13 shows the modified target design terrain 70 'when the operator raises in the drilling area.
- the controller 26 determines the corrected target design topography 70 'by displacing the original target design topography 70 upward by a displacement amount Zm.
- FIG. 14 shows the modified target design terrain 70 'when the operator's lowering operation is intervened in the drilling area. In this case, the controller 26 determines the corrected target design topography 70 'by displacing the initial target design topography 70 downward by a displacement amount Zm.
- the target displacement data is not limited to the data shown in FIG. 6 and may be changed.
- the target displacement data may be data indicating the relationship between the target load parameter and the movement amount.
- the controller 26 may determine the target design topography 70 with reference to target load parameter data indicating the relationship between the target load parameter and the current position of the work vehicle 1.
- the target load parameter may be a parameter related to the load on the work machine 13, and is not limited to the target displacement as in the above embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing another example of the target load parameter data.
- the target load parameter may be a target soil amount S_target for each point of flat terrain. That is, the target load parameter may be the target soil amount S_target per unit distance.
- the controller 26 can calculate the target displacement Z_offset from the target soil amount S_target and the width of the blade 18.
- the target load parameter may be a parameter different from the target soil amount S_target per unit distance.
- the target load parameter may be a parameter indicating a target value of the load on the work machine 13 at each point.
- the controller 26 can calculate the target displacement Z_offset for each point from the target load parameter. In that case, the controller 26 may increase the target displacement Z_offset in response to the increase of the target load parameter.
- the controller 26 may determine the target displacement Z_offset and the target design topography 70 displaced upward from the present topography 50. In this case, a filling operation can be performed instead of the digging operation. Further, as shown in FIG. 16, the controller 26 may determine the target design topography 70 ′ corrected from the target design topography 70 in accordance with the operation of the work implement 13 by the operator.
- the target displacement Z_offset may be multiplied by a predetermined coefficient.
- a predetermined constant may be added to or subtracted from the target displacement Z_offset.
- the predetermined coefficient and the predetermined constant may be changed according to the change of the control mode.
- the determination conditions are not limited to the above-described first to fourth conditions, and may be changed. For example, some of the first to fourth conditions may be omitted or changed.
- the determination conditions may include conditions different from the first to fourth conditions.
- the displacement amount Zm is not limited to the amount of displacement in the vertical direction between the blade position at the start of the operation by the operator and the blade position at the end, and may be another value.
- the controller 26 may acquire, as the displacement amount Zm, a vertical displacement amount between the blade tip position at the end of the operation by the operator and the target design topography 70.
- the controller 26 may determine the displacement amount Zm in accordance with the operation amount of the second operating device 25b by the operator.
- the controller 26 may acquire current topography data within a range shorter than the predetermined topography recognition distance dA from the current position. That is, the controller 26 may acquire the present topography data for only a part of the plurality of reference points Pn.
- the controller 26 may determine the target design topography 70 within a range shorter than the predetermined topography recognition distance dA from the current position. That is, the controller 26 may determine the target design topography 70 for only a part of the plurality of reference points Pn.
- the position of the working machine can be easily changed by the operator's intention during automatic control of the working machine.
- Control system 13 Working machine 26 controller 31 Position sensor 29 Working machine sensor 70 Target design topography (target profile)
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Abstract
Description
Z = Zn - Z_offset (1)
F=k×T×R/(L×Z) (2)
Z = Zn - Z_offset + Zm (3)
13 作業機
26 コントローラ
31 位置センサ
29 作業機センサ
70 目標設計地形(目標プロファイル)
Claims (17)
- 作業機を有する作業車両の制御システムであって、
オペレータによる操作を示す操作信号を出力する操作装置と、
前記操作装置と通信するコントローラと、
を備え、
前記コントローラは、
作業対象の目標プロファイルを決定し、
前記目標プロファイルに従って前記作業機を動作させる指令信号を生成し、
前記操作装置から前記操作信号を受信し、
前記操作信号に基づいて、前記オペレータによる前記作業機の操作を判定し、
前記オペレータによる前記作業機の操作が行われたときには、前記オペレータによる操作に応じて前記目標プロファイルを修正する、
作業車両の制御システム。
- 前記作業機の位置を示す作業機位置信号を出力するセンサをさらに備え、
前記コントローラは、
前記センサから前記作業機位置信号を受信し、
前記オペレータによる操作に応じた前記作業機の位置に基づいて前記目標プロファイルを修正する、
請求項1に記載の作業車両の制御システム。
- 前記コントローラは、
前記オペレータによる操作に応じた前記作業機の鉛直方向の変位量を取得し、
前記目標プロファイルを鉛直方向に前記変位量、変位させることで、前記目標プロファイルを修正する、
請求項2に記載の作業車両の制御システム。
- 前記コントローラは、
前記作業対象の現況地形を示す現況地形データを取得し、
前記現況地形を鉛直方向に変位させた目標設計地形を決定し、
前記目標設計地形を前記目標プロファイルとして設定する、
請求項1に記載の作業車両の制御システム。
- 前記コントローラは、所定の判定条件が満たされたときに、前記オペレータによる操作に応じて前記目標プロファイルを修正し、
前記判定条件は、前記作業機を上下させる操作が所定時間以上、継続したことを含む、
請求項1に記載の作業車両の制御システム。
- 前記コントローラは、
前記作業車両の現在位置を示す現在位置データを取得し、
前記現在位置データに基づいて、前記作業車両の移動量を取得し、
所定の判定条件が満たされたときに、前記オペレータによる操作に応じて前記目標プロファイルを修正し、
前記判定条件は、前記作業車両の移動量が所定距離以上であることを含む、
請求項1に記載の作業車両の制御システム。
- 作業機を有する作業車両を制御するためにコントローラによって実行される方法であって、
作業対象の目標プロファイルを決定することと、
前記目標プロファイルに従って前記作業機を動作させる指令信号を生成することと、
オペレータによる操作を示す操作信号を受信することと、
前記操作信号に基づいて、前記オペレータによる前記作業機の操作を判定することと、
前記オペレータによる前記作業機の操作が行われたときには、前記オペレータによる操作に応じて前記目標プロファイルを修正すること、
を備える方法。
- 前記作業機の位置を示す作業機位置信号を受信することをさらに備え、
前記オペレータによる操作に応じた前記作業機の位置に基づいて前記目標プロファイルが修正される、
請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記オペレータによる操作に応じた前記作業機の鉛直方向の変位量を取得することをさらに備え、
前記目標プロファイルを鉛直方向に前記変位量、変位させることで、前記目標プロファイルが修正される、
請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記作業対象の現況地形を示す現況地形データを取得することと、
前記現況地形を鉛直方向に変位させた目標設計地形を決定することと、
をさらに備え、
前記目標設計地形が前記目標プロファイルとして設定される、
請求項7に記載の方法。
- 所定の判定条件が満たされたときに、前記目標プロファイルが修正され、
前記判定条件は、前記作業機を上下させる操作が所定時間以上、継続したことを含む、
請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記作業車両の位置を示す現在位置データを取得することと、
前記現在位置データに基づいて、前記作業車両の移動量を取得すること、
をさらに備え、
所定の判定条件が満たされたときに、前記オペレータによる操作に応じて前記目標プロファイルが修正され、
前記判定条件は、前記作業車両の移動量が所定距離以上であることを含む、
請求項7に記載の方法。
- 作業機と、
オペレータによる操作を示す操作信号を出力する操作装置と、
前記作業機を制御するコントローラと、
を備え、
前記コントローラは、
作業対象の目標プロファイルを決定し、
前記目標プロファイルに従って前記作業機を動作させる指令信号を生成し、
前記操作装置から前記操作信号を受信し、
前記操作信号に基づいて、前記オペレータによる前記作業機の操作を判定し、
前記オペレータによる前記作業機の操作が行われたときには、前記オペレータによる操作に応じて前記目標プロファイルを修正する、
作業車両。
- 前記作業機の位置を示す作業機位置信号を出力するセンサをさらに備え、
前記コントローラは、
前記センサから前記作業機位置信号を受信し、
前記オペレータによる操作に応じた前記作業機の位置に基づいて前記目標プロファイルを修正する、
請求項13に記載の作業車両。
- 前記コントローラは、
前記オペレータによる操作に応じた前記作業機の鉛直方向の変位量を取得し、
前記目標プロファイルを鉛直方向に前記変位量、変位させることで、前記目標プロファイルを修正する、
請求項14に記載の作業車両。
- 前記コントローラは、所定の判定条件が満たされたときに、前記オペレータによる操作に応じて前記目標プロファイルを修正し、
前記判定条件は、前記作業機を上下させる操作が所定時間以上、継続したことを含む、
請求項13に記載の作業車両。
- 前記作業車両の位置を示す現在位置データを出力するセンサをさらに備え、
前記コントローラは、
前記センサから前記現在位置データを取得し、
前記現在位置データに基づいて、前記作業車両の移動量を取得し、
所定の判定条件が満たされたときに、前記オペレータによる操作に応じて前記目標プロファイルを修正し、
前記判定条件は、前記作業車両の移動量が所定距離以上であることを含む、
請求項13に記載の作業車両。
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JP6910450B2 (ja) | 2021-07-28 |
CN110637131B (zh) | 2021-10-12 |
AU2017429426A1 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
CN110637131A (zh) | 2019-12-31 |
AU2017429426B2 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
US11459733B2 (en) | 2022-10-04 |
JPWO2019043788A1 (ja) | 2020-08-06 |
CA3063687A1 (en) | 2019-12-06 |
US20210079629A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
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