WO2018221391A1 - 基板貼り合わせ方法、積層基板製造装置及び積層基板製造システム - Google Patents
基板貼り合わせ方法、積層基板製造装置及び積層基板製造システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018221391A1 WO2018221391A1 PCT/JP2018/020075 JP2018020075W WO2018221391A1 WO 2018221391 A1 WO2018221391 A1 WO 2018221391A1 JP 2018020075 W JP2018020075 W JP 2018020075W WO 2018221391 A1 WO2018221391 A1 WO 2018221391A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- H01L21/68—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for positioning, orientation or alignment
- H01L21/681—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for positioning, orientation or alignment using optical controlling means
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- H01L22/10—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process
- H01L22/12—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process for structural parameters, e.g. thickness, line width, refractive index, temperature, warp, bond strength, defects, optical inspection, electrical measurement of structural dimensions, metallurgic measurement of diffusions
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- H01L2224/80001—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected by connecting a bonding area directly to another bonding area, i.e. connectorless bonding, e.g. bumpless bonding
- H01L2224/80009—Pre-treatment of the bonding area
- H01L2224/8001—Cleaning the bonding area, e.g. oxide removal step, desmearing
- H01L2224/80011—Chemical cleaning, e.g. etching, flux
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- H01L2224/80009—Pre-treatment of the bonding area
- H01L2224/8001—Cleaning the bonding area, e.g. oxide removal step, desmearing
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- H01L2224/808—Bonding techniques
- H01L2224/80894—Direct bonding, i.e. joining surfaces by means of intermolecular attracting interactions at their interfaces, e.g. covalent bonds, van der Waals forces
- H01L2224/80895—Direct bonding, i.e. joining surfaces by means of intermolecular attracting interactions at their interfaces, e.g. covalent bonds, van der Waals forces between electrically conductive surfaces, e.g. copper-copper direct bonding, surface activated bonding
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- H01L2924/30—Technical effects
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- H01L2924/351—Thermal stress
- H01L2924/3511—Warping
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a substrate bonding method, a multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus, and a multilayer substrate manufacturing system.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2015-95579
- the first substrate by releasing the holding of one of the first substrate held by the first holding unit and the second substrate held by the second holding unit, the first substrate A method for bonding a substrate and a second substrate, wherein the holding of either the first substrate or the second substrate is released based on information on the respective distortions of the first substrate and the second substrate.
- a method for laminating a substrate is provided that includes determining whether to maintain or maintain.
- a substrate bonding method for releasing the holding of the substrate having the smaller distortion generated in the bonding process when the holding is released, or the substrate having the smaller distortion generated before the bonding includes the first substrate and the second substrate.
- the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded to each other, and either the first substrate or the second substrate is held first based on the information on the respective distortions of the first substrate and the second substrate.
- a substrate bonding method including the step of determining whether to hold the part or the second holding part is provided.
- the first substrate has a first holding unit that holds the first substrate and a second holding unit that holds the second substrate, and one of the first substrate and the second substrate.
- a determination step of determining which holding of the second substrate is to be released or maintained, and the bonding step is a method of manufacturing a laminated substrate that releases the holding of the substrate determined to be released in the determination step Provided.
- a first holding unit that holds the first substrate and a second holding unit that holds the second substrate, and one of the first substrate and the second substrate.
- a laminated substrate manufacturing apparatus that manufactures a laminated substrate by bonding the first substrate and the second substrate by releasing the holding of the first substrate, and information on each distortion of the first substrate and the second substrate
- a laminated substrate manufacturing apparatus including a determining unit that determines whether to hold or maintain one of the first substrate and the second substrate.
- a first holding unit that holds the first substrate and a second holding unit that holds the second substrate so as to face the first substrate are provided.
- a laminated substrate manufacturing apparatus that manufactures a laminated substrate by bonding the first substrate and the second substrate by releasing one of the substrates and the second substrate, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate
- An apparatus for manufacturing a laminated substrate is provided that releases the holding of one of the two substrates that has been determined to be released based on information related to strain.
- a first holding unit that holds the first substrate and a second holding unit that holds the second substrate so as to face the first substrate are provided.
- a laminated substrate manufacturing apparatus that manufactures a laminated substrate by bonding the first substrate and the second substrate by releasing one of the substrates and the second substrate, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate
- a multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus for releasing the holding of the substrate having the smaller distortion generated in the bonding process when the holding is released or the substrate having the smaller distortion generated before the bonding. Is done.
- a first holding unit that holds the first substrate, a second holding unit that holds the second substrate so as to face the first substrate, and the first substrate, A correction unit that corrects misalignment with the second substrate, and the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded together by releasing the holding of one of the first substrate and the second substrate.
- the correction amount of the positional deviation estimated when the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded is large enough to be corrected by the correction unit.
- a laminated substrate manufacturing apparatus that releases the holding of the substrate that becomes the target.
- the first holding unit that holds the first substrate and the second holding unit that holds the second substrate have one of the first substrate and the second substrate.
- the bonding portion that bonds the first substrate and the second substrate A determination unit that determines whether to release or maintain which of the second substrates is to be released, and the bonding unit includes a laminated substrate manufacturing system that releases the holding of the substrate that is determined to be released by the determination unit Provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus 100.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a substrate 210.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a procedure for stacking substrates 210 to produce a stacked substrate 230.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a substrate holder 221 that holds a substrate 211 and a substrate holder 223 that holds a substrate 213.
- 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bonding unit 300.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bonding unit 300.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bonding unit 300.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bonding unit 300.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bonding unit 300.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bonding unit 300.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bonding unit 300.
- FIG. It is the elements on larger scale which show the bonding process of the board
- 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between crystal anisotropy and Young's modulus in a silicon single crystal substrate 208. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between crystal anisotropy and Young's modulus in a silicon single crystal substrate 209.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing substrates 511 and 513 on which a plurality of circuit regions 216 are formed.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a procedure for bonding the previously corrected substrates 511 and 513 shown in FIG. 19 together.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining a method for correcting a magnification distortion caused by air resistance that may occur at the time of bonding in a case where the substrate 511 shown in FIG. 19 is determined to be fixed, contrary to provisional determination.
- 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of a bonding unit 600.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a layout of an actuator 612.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing part of the operation of a bonding unit 600.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus 100.
- the multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus 100 includes a housing 110, a substrate cassette 120 that accommodates a substrate 210 to be bonded, a substrate cassette 130 that accommodates a multilayer substrate 230 manufactured by bonding at least two substrates 210, and a control unit 150.
- the inside of the housing 110 is temperature-controlled, and is kept at room temperature, for example.
- the transport unit 140 transports a single substrate 210, a substrate holder 220, a substrate holder 220 holding the substrate 210, a stacked substrate 230 formed by stacking a plurality of substrates 210, and the like.
- the control unit 150 controls each unit of the multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus 100 in an integrated manner.
- the control unit 150 receives a user instruction from the outside, and sets manufacturing conditions for manufacturing the laminated substrate 230.
- the control unit 150 has a user interface that displays the operation state of the multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus 100 toward the outside.
- the bonding unit 300 includes a pair of opposing stages 322 and 332.
- the pair of stages 322 and 332 hold the substrate 210 via the substrate holder 220, respectively.
- the bonding unit 300 aligns the pair of substrates 210 held on the pair of stages 322 and 332 with each other, and then maintains the state in which one of the pair of substrates 210 is held on the one stage. Then, by releasing the other substrate 210 from the other stage toward the one substrate 210, the pair of substrates 210 are brought into contact with each other and bonded to form the laminated substrate 230.
- the substrate 210 that is maintained on one stage is referred to as a fixed-side substrate 210, and the substrate 210 that is released from the state held on the other stage when being bonded is released. Is referred to as a release-side substrate 210.
- the bonded state means that the terminals provided on the two stacked substrates are connected to each other, thereby ensuring electrical continuity between the two substrates, or of the two substrates.
- these states are included.
- the two substrates are finally electrically connected by performing a treatment such as annealing on the two stacked substrates, or when the bonding strength of the two substrates is equal to or higher than a predetermined strength.
- the bonded state includes a state where the two substrates are temporarily bonded before the treatment such as annealing, that is, a state where they are temporarily joined.
- the state where the bonding strength becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined strength by annealing includes, for example, a state where the surfaces of two substrates are bonded to each other by a covalent bond. Further, the temporarily bonded state includes a state in which two overlapping substrates can be separated and reused.
- the pre-aligner 500 aligns the substrate 210 and the substrate holder 220 and holds the substrate 210 on the substrate holder 220.
- the substrate holder 220 is made of a hard material such as alumina ceramics, and sucks and holds the substrate 210 by an electrostatic chuck, a vacuum chuck, or the like.
- an unprocessed silicon wafer in addition to the substrate 210 on which elements, circuits, terminals, and the like are formed, an unprocessed silicon wafer, a GeGe-added SiGe substrate, a Ge single crystal substrate, a III-V group Alternatively, a compound semiconductor wafer such as II-VI group and a glass substrate can be bonded together.
- the object to be bonded may be a circuit board and an unprocessed substrate, or may be an unprocessed substrate.
- the substrate 210 to be bonded may itself be a stacked substrate 230 having a plurality of substrates already stacked.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the substrate 210 to be bonded in the laminated substrate manufacturing apparatus 100.
- the substrate 210 includes a notch 214, a plurality of circuit regions 216, and a plurality of alignment marks 218.
- the plurality of circuit regions 216 is an example of a structure formed on the surface of the substrate 210, and is periodically arranged in the surface direction on the surface of the substrate 210.
- Each of the plurality of circuit regions 216 is provided with a structure such as a wiring or a protective film formed by a photolithography technique or the like.
- the plurality of circuit regions 216 are also provided with connection portions such as pads and bumps that serve as connection terminals when the substrate 210 is electrically connected to another substrate 210, a lead frame, or the like.
- the connection part is also an example of a structure formed on the surface of the substrate 210.
- the plurality of alignment marks 218 are also examples of structures formed on the surface of the substrate 210, and are arranged on the scribe lines 212 arranged between the plurality of circuit regions 216.
- the plurality of alignment marks 218 are indicators for aligning the substrate 210 with another substrate 210.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a procedure for producing a laminated substrate 230 by laminating a pair of substrates 210 in the laminated substrate manufacturing apparatus 100.
- the control unit 150 acquires information on the respective distortions of the substrates 211 and 213 to be bonded (step S101), and based on the acquired information, either of the substrates 211 or 213 is a pair of stages of the bonding unit 300. Is determined to be the fixed side or the release side (step S102). That is, in the present embodiment, the control unit 150 plays a role as a determination unit.
- the control unit 150 may determine only one of the fixed-side substrate and the release-side substrate among the two substrates 211 and 213.
- the substrate 211 and the substrate 213 are examples of the substrate 210.
- the transport unit 140 sequentially carries the substrate holder 221 for the fixed side and the substrate 211 determined on the fixed side into the pre-aligner 500 (step S103).
- the substrate 211 is held by the fixed-side substrate holder 221 (step S104).
- the transport unit 140 sequentially loads the substrate holder 223 for the release side and the substrate 213 determined for the release side into the pre-aligner 500 in the same manner as the substrate 211.
- the substrate 213 is held on the substrate holder 223 for the release side (step S104).
- the substrate holder 221 and the substrate holder 223 are examples of the substrate holder 220.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the substrate holder 221 that holds the substrate 211 and the substrate holder 223 that holds the substrate 213.
- the substrate holder 221 has a cross-sectional shape in which the thickness gradually increases from the peripheral portion toward the central portion.
- the curved holding surface 225 is smooth.
- the substrate 211 adsorbed and held by the substrate holder 221 is in close contact with the holding surface 225 and is curved following the shape of the holding surface 225. Therefore, when the surface of the holding surface is a curved surface, for example, a cylindrical surface, a spherical surface, a paraboloid, or the like, the shape of the adsorbed substrate 213 changes so as to form such a curved surface.
- the substrate holder 223 is similar to the substrate holder 221 and has a cross-sectional shape in which the thickness gradually increases from the peripheral portion toward the central portion, thereby having a curved smooth holding surface 227.
- the substrate 213 adsorbed and held by the substrate holder 223 is in close contact with the holding surface 227 and is curved following the shape of the holding surface 227.
- the curvature and shape of the holding surface 225 of the substrate holder 221 and the holding surface 227 of the substrate holder 223 are drawn substantially the same, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the curvature and shape of the holding surface 227 of the release-side substrate holder 223 are such that both substrates are first brought into contact with each other so that no void is generated between the substrate 211 and the substrate 213 bonded together in the bonding unit 300. It may be designed with.
- the curvature and shape of the holding surface 225 of the substrate holder 221 for the fixed side may be designed for the purpose of correcting distortion caused by air resistance or the like that may occur when the substrate 211 and the substrate 213 are bonded together. Accordingly, the curvature and shape of each holding surface are individually designed for different purposes and may be the same or different.
- the holding surfaces 225 and 227 of the substrate holders 221 and 223 may have any shape.
- the substrate holder 221 and the substrate 211 may be deformed by deforming the holding surface of the lower stage 332 so as to rise gently.
- the holding surface 227 of the release-side substrate holder 223 may have a shape in which the peripheral region is flat and the central region protrudes, and the protruding amount may be variable.
- the holding surface 227 of the release-side substrate holder 223 may be flat as long as the holding surface 225 of the fixed-side substrate holder 221 is curved.
- the substrate holder 221 holding the substrate 211 is carried into the lower stage 332 of the bonding unit 300, and the substrate holder 223 holding the substrate 213 is carried into the upper stage 322 of the bonding unit 300.
- the upper stage 322 has a holding function such as a vacuum chuck or an electrostatic chuck, and is fixed downward on the top plate 316 of the frame 310.
- the lower stage 332 has a holding function such as a vacuum chuck and an electrostatic chuck, and is mounted on the upper surface of the Y-direction drive unit 333 that is overlaid on the X-direction drive unit 331 disposed on the bottom plate 312 of the frame 310.
- the holding surface 225 of the substrate holder 221 and the holding surface 227 of the substrate holder 223 are both drawn flat for simplicity of explanation.
- the microscope 324 and the activation device 326 are fixed to the side of the upper stage 322 on the top plate 316.
- the microscope 324 can observe the upper surface of the substrate 211 held on the lower stage 332.
- the activation device 326 generates plasma that cleans the upper surface of the substrate 211 held on the lower stage 332.
- the X-direction drive unit 331 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow X in the drawing in parallel with the bottom plate 312.
- the Y direction drive unit 333 moves on the X direction drive unit 331 in parallel with the bottom plate 312 in the direction indicated by the arrow Y in the drawing.
- the lower stage 332 moves two-dimensionally in parallel with the bottom plate 312.
- the lower stage 332 is supported by the lifting drive unit 338 and is moved up and down in the direction indicated by the arrow Z by the drive of the lifting drive unit 338.
- the amount of movement of the lower stage 332 by the X direction drive unit 331, the Y direction drive unit 333, and the lift drive unit 338 is accurately measured using an interferometer or the like.
- the microscope 334 and the activation device 336 are mounted on the side of the lower stage 332 in the Y direction driving unit 333, respectively.
- the microscope 334 can observe the surface that is the lower surface of the substrate 213 held by the upper stage 322.
- the activation device 336 generates plasma that cleans the surface of the substrate 213.
- the activation devices 326 and 336 are provided in a device different from the bonding unit 300, and the substrate and the substrate holder whose surfaces are activated are transferred from the activation devices 326 and 336 to the bonding unit 300 by a robot. It may be.
- the bonding unit 300 may further include a rotation drive unit that rotates the lower stage 332 around a rotation axis perpendicular to the bottom plate 312 and a swing drive unit that swings the lower stage 332. Accordingly, the lower stage 332 can be made parallel to the upper stage 322, and the substrate 211 held by the lower stage 332 can be rotated to improve the alignment accuracy of the substrates 211 and 213.
- the microscopes 324 and 334 are calibrated by causing the control unit 150 to focus on each other or to observe a common index. Thereby, the relative positions of the pair of microscopes 324 and 334 in the bonding unit 300 are measured.
- control unit 150 operates the X-direction driving unit 331 and the Y-direction driving unit 333 to apply the microscopes 324 and 334 to each of the substrates 211 and 213.
- the provided alignment mark 218 is detected (step S106 in FIG. 3).
- the relative positions of the substrates 211 and 213 can be determined by detecting the positions of the alignment marks 218 on the substrates 211 and 213 with the microscopes 324 and 334 whose relative positions are known (step S107).
- the positional deviation amount between the corresponding alignment marks 218 in the pair of substrates 211 and 213 is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, or the position of the corresponding circuit region 216 or connection portion between the substrates 211 and 213.
- the relative movement amounts of the substrates 211 and 213 are calculated so that the deviation amount is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.
- the misregistration refers to the misalignment between the corresponding alignment marks 218 and the misalignment between the corresponding connecting portions between the stacked substrates 211 and 213.
- the misalignment that occurs in each of the two substrates 211 and 213. Includes misalignment due to the difference in quantity. The distortion will be described later.
- the “threshold value” may be a shift amount that allows electrical conduction between the substrates 211 and 213 when the substrates 211 and 213 are bonded together. It may be the amount of deviation when the structures provided respectively in contact with each other at least partially.
- the control unit 150 is in a state where the connection parts do not contact each other or appropriate electrical continuity cannot be obtained, or between the joint parts. It may be determined that the bonding strength is not obtained.
- the threshold value is set based on the position in a state where one of the substrates is deformed before bonding.
- the control unit 150 records the relative positions of the pair of substrates 211 and 213, and chemically bonds the bonding surfaces of the pair of substrates 211 and 213. (Step S108 in FIG. 3). First, the control unit 150 resets the position of the lower stage 332 to the initial position and then moves it horizontally to scan the surfaces of the substrates 211 and 213 with the plasma generated by the activation devices 326 and 336. Thereby, the surfaces of the substrates 211 and 213 are cleaned, and the chemical activity is increased.
- the surfaces of the substrates 211 and 213 can be activated by sputter etching using an inert gas, ion beam, fast atom beam, or the like. In the case of using an ion beam or a fast atom beam, the bonded portion 300 can be generated under reduced pressure.
- the substrates 211 and 213 can be activated by ultraviolet irradiation, ozone asher or the like. Further, for example, the surface of the substrates 211 and 213 may be activated by chemical cleaning using a liquid or gas etchant. After the activation of the surfaces of the substrates 211 and 213, the surfaces of the substrates 211 and 213 may be hydrophilized by a hydrophilizing device.
- the control unit 150 aligns the substrates 211 and 213 with each other (step S109 in FIG. 3).
- the control unit 150 determines the corresponding structures of the substrates 211 and 213 based on the relative positions of the microscopes 324 and 334 detected first and the positions of the alignment marks 218 of the substrates 211 and 213 detected in step S106.
- the lower stage 332 is moved so that at least the amount of misalignment becomes equal to or less than the threshold when the pasting is completed.
- control unit 150 operates the lifting drive unit 338 to raise the lower stage 332 and bring the substrates 211 and 213 closer to each other. And a part of board
- the regions of the substrates 211 and 213 are activated, when a part of them contacts, adjacent regions are autonomously adsorbed and bonded together by the intermolecular force between the substrates 211 and 213. Therefore, for example, by releasing the holding of the substrate 213 by the substrate holder 223 held by the upper stage 322, the region where the substrates 211 and 213 are bonded is sequentially expanded from the contacted portion to the adjacent region. As a result, a bonding wave is generated in which the contact area gradually expands, and the bonding of the substrates 211 and 213 proceeds. Eventually, the substrates 211 and 213 are in contact with each other and bonded together (step S110). Thereby, the laminated substrate 230 is formed from the pair of substrates 211 and 213.
- control unit 150 replaces the holding of the substrate 213 by the substrate holder 223 with the upper stage 322 of the substrate holder 223.
- the holding may be released.
- the laminated substrate 230 formed in this way is carried out together with the substrate holder 221 from the bonding unit 300 by the transport unit 140 (step S111). Thereafter, the laminated substrate 230 and the substrate holder 221 are separated in the pre-aligner 500, and the laminated substrate 230 is conveyed to the substrate cassette 130.
- the control unit 150 acquires information on each distortion of the substrates 211 and 213 to be bonded, and based on the acquired information, either of the substrates 211 or 213 is acquired. Then, it is determined whether to fix with the lower stage 332 of the bonding unit 300 or to release from the upper stage 322 of the bonding unit 300.
- the distortion generated in the substrates 211 and 213 is a deformation that displaces the position of the structure on the substrates 211 and 213 from the design coordinates, that is, the design position.
- the distortion generated in the substrates 211 and 213 includes plane distortion and three-dimensional distortion.
- the plane distortion is a distortion generated in a direction along the bonding surface of the substrates 211 and 213, and a linear distortion in which a position displaced with respect to a design position of each structure of the substrates 211 and 213 is expressed by linear transformation.
- nonlinear distortion other than linear distortion that cannot be expressed by linear transformation is a distortion generated in a direction along the bonding surface of the substrates 211 and 213, and a linear distortion in which a position displaced with respect to a design position of each structure of the substrates 211 and 213 is expressed by linear transformation.
- nonlinear distortion other than linear distortion that cannot be expressed by linear transformation.
- Linear distortion includes magnification distortion in which the amount of displacement increases at a constant rate along the radial direction from the center.
- the magnification distortion is a value obtained by dividing the deviation from the design value at the distance X from the center of the substrates 211 and 213 by X, and its unit is ppm.
- the magnification distortion includes isotropic magnification distortion.
- the isotropic magnification distortion is a distortion in which the X component and the Y component of the displacement vector from the design position are equal, that is, the magnification in the X direction and the magnification in the Y direction are equal.
- an anisotropic magnification distortion in which the X component and the Y component of the displacement vector from the design position are different that is, a distortion in which the magnification in the X direction and the magnification in the Y direction are different is included in the nonlinear distortion.
- the difference in magnification distortion based on the design position of the structure on each of the two substrates 211 and 213 is included in the amount of misalignment between the two substrates 211 and 213.
- linear distortion includes orthogonal distortion.
- Orthogonal distortion is a large amount of displacement as the structure becomes farther in the Y-axis direction from the origin when the X-axis and Y-axis are set orthogonal to each other with the center of the substrate as the origin, and the structure is displaced in parallel in the X-axis direction from the design position It is a distortion.
- the amount of displacement is the same in each of a plurality of regions crossing the Y axis parallel to the X axis, and the absolute value of the amount of displacement increases as the distance from the X axis increases.
- the positive displacement direction of the Y axis and the negative displacement direction of the Y axis are opposite to each other.
- the three-dimensional distortion of the substrates 211 and 213 is a displacement in a direction other than the direction along the bonding surface of the substrates 211 and 213, that is, a direction intersecting the bonding surface.
- the three-dimensional distortion includes a curve generated in the whole or a part of the substrates 211 and 213 when the substrates 211 and 213 are bent entirely or partially.
- the bending of the substrate means that the substrates 211 and 213 change to a shape including the surface of the substrates 211 and 213 that does not exist on the plane specified by the three points on the substrates 211 and 213. To do.
- the curvature is a distortion in which the surface of the substrate forms a curved surface, and includes, for example, warping of the substrates 211 and 213.
- warpage refers to strain remaining on the substrates 211 and 213 in a state where the influence of gravity is eliminated.
- the distortion of the substrates 211 and 213 in which the influence of gravity is added to the warp is called deflection.
- the warpage of the substrates 211 and 213 includes a global warp in which the entire substrates 211 and 213 are bent with a substantially uniform curvature, and a local warp in which the curvature is changed and bent in a part of the substrates 211 and 213. .
- magnification distortion is classified into an initial magnification distortion, an adsorption magnification distortion, and a bonding process magnification distortion depending on the cause of occurrence.
- the initial magnification distortion is caused by the stress generated in the process of forming the alignment mark 218, the circuit region 216, etc. on the substrates 211, 213, the periodic rigidity change caused by the arrangement of the scribe line 212, the circuit region 216, etc.
- the deviation from the design specifications 211 and 213 occurs from the stage before the substrates 211 and 213 are bonded together. Therefore, the initial magnification distortion of the substrates 211 and 213 can be known before starting the lamination of the substrates 211 and 213. For example, information on the initial magnification distortion is obtained from the pretreatment apparatus that manufactured the substrates 211 and 213 by the control unit 150. May get.
- the adsorption magnification distortion corresponds to a change in the magnification distortion caused by the bonding of the substrates 211 and 213 in which distortion such as warpage or the like is caused to adhere to the substrate holder 220. That is, when the warped substrate 210 is attracted and held by the substrate holder 220, the substrate 210 is deformed following the shape of the holding surface of the substrate holder 220. Here, when the substrate 210 changes from a warped state to a state that follows the shape of the holding surface of the substrate holder 220, the amount of distortion of the substrate 210 changes compared to before the holding.
- the amount of distortion with respect to the design specification of the circuit region 216 on the surface of the substrate 210 changes compared with before the retention.
- the change in the amount of distortion of the substrate 210 differs depending on the structure of the structure such as the circuit region 216 formed on the substrate 210, the process for forming the structure, the magnitude of the warp of the substrate 210 before holding, and the like.
- the magnitude of the adsorption magnification distortion is determined by examining the correlation between the distortion and the adsorption magnification distortion in advance when distortions such as warpage have occurred in the substrates 211 and 213. It can be calculated from the state of distortion including shape and the like.
- Bonding process magnification distortion is a change in magnification distortion newly generated due to distortion generated in the substrates 211 and 213 during the bonding process.
- FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 are partial enlarged views showing the bonding process of the substrates 211 and 213 on the fixed-side substrate holder 221 having a flat holding surface.
- 10, 11, and 12 in the substrates 211 and 213 in the process of being bonded by the bonding unit 300, the contact area where the substrates 211 and 213 are in contact with each other and the substrates 211 and 213 are in contact with each other.
- a region Q in the vicinity of a boundary K with a non-contact region that is separated and will be pasted together is shown enlarged.
- the boundary K extends from the center side of the substrates 211 and 213 toward the outer periphery side. Moving. In the vicinity of the boundary K, the substrate 213 released from being held by the substrate holder 223 is stretched due to the air resistance when the air intervening with the substrate 211 is expelled. Specifically, at the boundary K, the substrate 213 extends on the lower surface side in the drawing of the substrate 213 and the substrate 213 contracts on the upper surface side in the drawing with respect to the central surface in the thickness direction of the substrate 213.
- magnification distortion with respect to the design specification of the circuit region 216 on the surface of the substrate 213 is enlarged with respect to the substrate 211 at the outer end of the region bonded to the substrate 211 in the substrate 213. It distorts as if it were. For this reason, the amount of elongation of the substrate 213 between the lower substrate 211 held by the substrate holder 221 and the upper substrate 213 released from the substrate holder 223, that is, as shown by a dotted line deviation in the drawing, A positional shift caused by a difference in magnification distortion occurs.
- the extension amount of the substrate 213 fixed by bonding is accumulated as the boundary K moves to the outer periphery of the substrates 211 and 213.
- the amount of magnification distortion in the bonding process as described above can be calculated based on physical quantities such as the rigidity of the substrates 211 and 213 to be bonded, the viscosity of the atmosphere sandwiched between the substrates 211 and 213, and the adsorption force between the substrates 211 and 213. .
- the amount of deviation generated by bonding substrates manufactured in the same lot as the substrates 211 and 213 to be bonded is measured and recorded in advance, and the recorded measurement values are bonded to the substrates 211 and 213 of the lot.
- the control unit 150 may acquire the information regarding the bonding process magnification distortion that occurs.
- the bonding process is a process from when the substrates 211 and 213 are partially in contact with each other until the expansion of the contact area is completed.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a positional shift in the laminated substrate 230 due to a magnification distortion generated when a fixed-side substrate holder 221 having a flat holding surface is used.
- the arrows in the figure are vectors indicating the positional deviation of the release-side substrate 213 when the fixed-side substrate 211 is used as a reference, and the direction indicates the direction of the positional deviation, and the length indicates the size of the positional deviation.
- the illustrated shift has a shift amount that gradually increases in a radial direction from the center point of the laminated substrate 230.
- the illustrated magnification distortion includes an initial magnification distortion and an adsorption magnification distortion generated before the substrates 211 and 213 are bonded together, and a bonding process magnification distortion generated in the process of bonding the substrates 211 and 213.
- the other substrate 213 is released while holding one substrate, for example, the substrate 211. Therefore, when the substrates 211 and 213 are bonded together, the held substrate 211 is fixed in shape, whereas the released substrate 213 is bonded while being distorted. Therefore, it is not necessary to consider the bonding process magnification distortion for the substrate 211 to be bonded while being fixed, but it is desirable to consider the bonding process magnification distortion for the substrate 213 to be released.
- both bonding process magnification distortion and adsorption magnification distortion should be considered.
- distortion such as adsorption magnification distortion generated by the substrate 213 following the shape of the distorted substrate 211.
- the final difference in magnification distortion after bonding in the substrates 211 and 213 to be bonded is the difference in initial magnification distortion that the substrates 211 and 213 have from the beginning, and the substrates 211 and 213 are the substrate holder 221. 223 and the like, and the difference in adsorption magnification distortion generated when held by 223 and the like, and the bonding process magnification distortion of the substrate 213 released from holding in the bonding process are overlapped.
- the positional deviation generated in the laminated substrate 230 formed by laminating the substrates 211 and 213 is related to the magnitude of the difference in initial magnification distortion, the difference in adsorption magnification distortion, and the difference in adhesion process magnification distortion. .
- the magnification distortion generated in the substrates 211 and 213 is related to the distortion of the substrate such as warpage.
- the difference in initial magnification distortion, the difference in adsorption magnification distortion, and the difference in bonding process magnification distortion can be estimated by measurement and calculation before bonding as described above. Therefore, based on the final difference in magnification distortion after bonding estimated for the substrates 211 and 213 to be bonded together, a measure for correcting this difference can be taken in advance.
- FIG. 14 is a partially enlarged view showing a bonding process of the substrates 211 and 213 on the substrate holder 221 when the magnification distortion due to air resistance is corrected using the fixed-side substrate holder 221 having a curved holding surface.
- the holding surface 225 of the substrate holder 221 for the fixed side is curved.
- the figure of the substrate 211 is compared with the central portion A in the thickness direction of the substrate 213 indicated by a broken line in the drawing.
- the shape changes so that the surface of the substrate 211 expands in the surface direction from the center toward the peripheral edge.
- the shape changes so that the surface of the substrate 211 is reduced in the surface direction from the center toward the peripheral portion.
- the upper surface of the substrate 211 in the drawing is enlarged as compared with the flat state of the substrate 211.
- a difference in final magnification distortion from the other substrate 213, that is, a positional deviation caused by this difference can be corrected.
- a plurality of substrate holders 221 having different curvatures of the curved holding surface 225 are prepared, and the holding surface 225 has a curvature with which the amount of positional deviation caused by the difference in final magnification distortion is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold. By selecting the substrate holder 221, the correction amount can be adjusted.
- the holding surface 225 of the substrate holder 221 has a shape that rises at the center. Instead, by preparing a substrate holder 221 whose center portion is recessed with respect to the peripheral portion of the holding surface 225 and holding the substrate 211, the magnification on the bonding surface of the substrate 211 is reduced, and the bonding surface is The positional deviation with respect to the design specification of the formed circuit region 216 can also be adjusted.
- magnification distortion among the linear distortions included in the plane distortion generated in the substrates 211 and 213 to be bonded, particularly the bonding process magnification distortion has been described.
- FIG. 14 an example of a measure for correcting this difference based on the difference in final magnification distortion after bonding estimated for the substrates 211 and 213 to be bonded has been described.
- anisotropy due to the crystal orientation of the substrates 211 and 213, that is, distortion due to crystal anisotropy among nonlinear strains included in the plane strain generated in the substrates 211 and 213 to be bonded will be described.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between crystal anisotropy and Young's modulus in the silicon single crystal substrate 208.
- Young's modulus in the 0 ° direction and the 90 ° direction in the XY coordinates where the direction of the notch 214 relative to the center is 0 °. Is as high as 169 GPa and the Young's modulus is as low as 130 GPa in the 45 ° direction.
- an uneven distribution of bending rigidity occurs in the circumferential direction of the substrate 210.
- the bending rigidity of the substrate 210 differs depending on the traveling direction when the bonding wave travels from the center of the substrate 210 toward the peripheral edge.
- the bending rigidity indicates ease of deformation with respect to a force that bends the substrate 210, and may be an elastic modulus.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between crystal anisotropy and Young's modulus in the silicon single crystal substrate 209.
- the Young's modulus in the 45 ° direction is 188 GPa most in the XY coordinates where the direction of the notch 214 relative to the center is 0 °.
- the Young's modulus in the 0 ° direction is 169 GPa.
- the Young's modulus in the 90 ° direction is the lowest 130 GPa. For this reason, in the substrate 210 manufactured using the silicon single crystal substrate 209, a non-uniform and complicated distribution of bending rigidity occurs in the circumferential direction of the substrate 210.
- the magnitude of distortion generated in the bonding process described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12 differs depending on the magnitude of the bending rigidity. Specifically, the magnitude of distortion in the low rigidity region is smaller than that in the high rigidity region. For this reason, in the laminated substrate 230 manufactured by laminating the substrates 211 and 213, a non-uniform displacement of the circuit region 216 occurs in the circumferential direction of the laminated substrate 230.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing a positional shift in the laminated substrate 230 due to nonlinear distortion that occurs when the substrate 210 to be released has a partial curvature.
- the positional shift due to the nonlinear distortion shown in FIG. 17 does not include the positional shift due to the magnification distortion caused by the air resistance shown in FIG.
- misalignment due to nonlinear distortion in the multilayer substrate 230 is greatly generated in the second quadrant and the fourth quadrant, but the positional misalignment amount rule along the radial direction from the center of the multilayer substrate 230. There is no general distribution. Referring to FIG. 17, it can be understood that the positional displacement caused by nonlinear distortion cannot represent the position displaced with respect to the design position of each structure of the substrates 211 and 213 by linear transformation.
- Nonlinear distortion is caused by a variety of factors interacting with each other, and the main factors are crystal anisotropy in the silicon single crystal substrates 208 and 209 described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16, and This is a manufacturing process of the substrate 210.
- a plurality of structures are formed on the substrate 210 in the manufacturing process of the substrate 210.
- a plurality of circuit regions 216, a scribe line 212, and a plurality of alignment marks 218 are formed on the substrate 210.
- each of the plurality of circuit regions 216 Connected to each of the plurality of circuit regions 216 as a structure in the case where the substrate 210 is electrically connected to another substrate 210, a lead frame, etc., in addition to wiring formed by photolithography technology, a protective film, and the like Connection portions such as pads and bumps to be terminals are also arranged.
- the structure and arrangement of these structures that is, the structure configuration affects the in-plane stiffness distribution and in-plane stress distribution of the substrate 210, and if the stiffness distribution or in-plane stress distribution becomes uneven, Partial curvature occurs.
- the structure of these structures may be different for each substrate 210, or may be different for each type of substrate 210 such as a logic wafer, a CIS wafer, and a memory wafer. Even if the manufacturing process is the same, the structure of the structure may be slightly different depending on the manufacturing apparatus. Therefore, the structure of the structure may be different for each manufacturing lot of the substrate 210. As described above, the configuration of the plurality of structures formed on the substrate 210 may be different for each substrate 210, each type of the substrate 210, each manufacturing lot of the substrate 210, or each manufacturing process of the substrate 210. Therefore, the in-plane stiffness distribution of the substrate 210 is also different. Therefore, the curved state of the substrate 210 generated in the manufacturing process and the bonding process is also different.
- the portion where the curve is generated in the substrate 210 is The distance between the other substrate 210 and the other substrate 210 becomes larger when bonded to the other substrate 210 as compared with a portion where no curvature occurs. Therefore, the progress of the bonding wave is slower in the portion where the curve is generated than in the portion where the curve is not generated, and the portion where the curve is generated in the substrate 210 on the release side is wrinkled. Non-linear distortion occurs in the substrate 230.
- the adsorption-side magnification distortion may occur in the fixed-side substrate 210, such distortion is smaller than the distortion generated in the release-side substrate 210, and is ignored because it has little effect. Also good.
- the control unit 150 acquires information about each curve before bonding the substrates 211 and 213, and determines one of the substrates 211 and 213 as the release side based on the information about each curve of the substrates 211 and 213. And if the bonding part 300 bonds based on determination, the position shift resulting from a nonlinear distortion can be suppressed. Note that information related to curvature is included in information related to distortion.
- the information regarding the curvature of the substrates 211 and 213 includes information obtained by measuring the curvature of the substrates 211 and 213 and information regarding the cause of the curvature of the substrates 211 and 213.
- the information obtained by measuring the curvature of the substrates 211 and 213 includes the magnitude of the warping of the substrates 211 and 213, the direction of the warping, the warped portion, the amplitude of the warping, the magnitude of the bending, the direction of the bending, and the bending. Characteristics of bending, such as amplitude, bending portion, internal stress, and stress distribution.
- the information regarding the cause of the curvature of the substrates 211 and 213 includes the manufacturing process of the substrates 211 and 213, the type of the substrates 211 and 213, and the structure of the structure formed on the substrates 211 and 213.
- the control unit 150 may acquire information related to the curvature of the substrates 211 and 213 from a pretreatment apparatus such as an exposure apparatus or a film forming apparatus used in a process performed before the multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus 100. Moreover, in the multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus 100, you may acquire from the pre-aligner 500 used in the process performed before the bonding part 300, for example.
- the control unit 150 outputs information determined based on the acquired information to at least one of the transport unit 140, the pre-aligner 500, and the bonding unit 300.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a deflection measurement and a method for calculating warpage.
- the method in FIG. 18 first, the bending of the substrates 211 and 213 as target substrates is measured. Specifically, under gravity, the front or back surfaces of the substrates 211 and 213 are observed with a non-contact distance meter such as a microscope while supporting the centers of the back surfaces of the substrates 211 and 213 in the surface direction and rotating around the centers. Then, the position of the front surface or the back surface is measured based on the distribution of distance information obtained from the automatic focusing function of the optical system of the microscope.
- a non-contact distance meter such as a microscope
- the control unit 150 acquires information on the amount of deflection of the substrates 211 and 213, and decomposes the information into a linear component and a nonlinear component along the radial direction from the substrate center.
- the linear component of the deflection amount of the substrates 211 and 213 is shown as a parabola as the average deflection (A), and the nonlinear component is shown as a wavy line as the amplitude (B) of the deflection at the outer periphery. Yes.
- the deflection of bare silicon as a reference substrate is measured.
- Bare silicon can be regarded as the substrates 211 and 213 in which no structure is formed and the substrates 211 and 213 in which no warp occurs.
- the amount of deflection of bare silicon is measured.
- the control unit 150 acquires information on the amount of deflection of the bare silicon, and obtains information on a linear component along the radial direction from the center of the bare silicon ((A) in FIG. 18) and a nonlinear component ((B in FIG. 18). )).
- the amplitude of bending at the outer periphery of the bare silicon is subtracted from the amplitude of bending at the outer periphery of the substrates 211 and 213.
- a non-linear component of the warpage amount of the substrates 211 and 213, which can be regarded as a measurement value under zero gravity can be calculated.
- the non-linear component of the warpage amount of the substrates 211 and 213 is shown as a wavy line as the amplitude (B) of the warpage at the outer periphery, and corresponds to the local warpage.
- the reason why the amount of warpage as the amount of deformation measured under zero gravity can be calculated by this method is that the amount of deformation included in the amount of deformation as the amount of deformation measured under gravity is substantially reduced by the above subtraction. Because it is deducted.
- a linear component of the warpage amount of the substrates 211 and 213 that can be regarded as a measurement value under zero gravity can be calculated.
- the linear component of the warpage amount of the substrates 211 and 213 is shown in a parabolic shape as the average warpage (A).
- the situation when the substrates 211 and 213 are bonded as the release-side substrates is reflected. Specifically, by taking into account the posture in which the surfaces of the substrates 211 and 213 face downward and the direction of gravity, the amplitude of the warp at the outer periphery of the substrates 211 and 213 is converted, so that the surface direction of the surfaces of the substrates 211 and 213 is changed. Assuming that the measurement is performed as described above while supporting the center, the amplitude of warpage at the outer periphery of the substrates 211 and 213 is calculated as a predicted value.
- the control unit 150 determines which of the substrates 211 and 213 is the release-side substrate. For example, the magnitude of the maximum value of the warp amplitude at the outer periphery may be compared and the larger maximum value may be determined on the fixed side. The larger value may be determined as the fixed side.
- each curve characteristic may be determined from the information on the amplitude of warpage at the outer periphery of each of the substrates 211 and 213 to determine whether to be the release side or the fixed side. .
- one of the substrates 211, 213 is calculated that the amplitude of warpage at its outer periphery is zero, that is, if it is found that no partial curvature has occurred, one of the substrates is released. Decide on the side.
- the direction and amount of global warpage may be additionally or alternatively used.
- the direction of the global warpage is concave toward the other substrate to be bonded with the substrate that is convex toward the other substrate to be bonded out of the two substrates 211 and 213 as the release side.
- the substrate may be the fixed side.
- the one having a sharp local warp shape may be the fixed side.
- the amount of distortion that may occur in the bonding process on each of the two substrates 211 and 213 may be measured, calculated, or estimated, and the smaller distortion amount may be set as the release side.
- the distortion correction amount may be calculated in advance, and the one that reduces the distortion correction amount when pasted together may be the release side.
- the substrate having the larger global warpage amount is set to the release side
- the substrate having the smaller global warpage amount is set to the release side.
- the magnification distortion generated when adsorbing to the upper stage 322 the magnification distortion caused by following the shape of the other substrate during bonding, the magnification distortion caused by the air resistance during bonding, the rigidity according to the crystal orientation
- the substrate with the larger amount of global warpage may be used as the fixed side because the difference in magnification in the circumferential direction due to the difference between the two becomes larger.
- both of the two substrates 211 and 213 are convex or concave, the larger warp amount is set to the fixed side, and the smaller warp amount is set to the release side.
- the shape measurement of the substrates 211 and 213 may be performed by the above-described warpage measurement.
- the substrate having a local warp that is likely to cause nonlinear distortion is fixed. It may be on the side. That is, the smaller one of the two substrates 211 and 213, which has already generated nonlinear distortion before bonding, or nonlinear distortion that may occur in the bonding process, may be set as the release side.
- a correction amount corresponding to the convex amount of the substrate holder having the holding surface curved so that the central portion protrudes compared to the outer peripheral portion or a distortion correction using an actuator described in detail in FIGS. 22 to 24, for example. If the maximum correctable value of the mechanism is exceeded, the distortion cannot be corrected. For this reason, it is good also considering the board
- the greater the curvature that is, the greater the curvature, the greater the magnitude of distortion that occurs during the bonding process.
- a substrate having a large curvature may be used as the fixed side.
- the air resistance is caused by the difference in rigidity distribution between the pair of substrates 211 and 213.
- the magnification distortion may change.
- the fixed side may have a larger magnification distortion due to air resistance when the release side is set.
- the CIS wafer may be the release side.
- the idea common to these judgment methods is to make the one with the larger distortion generated in the bonding process the fixed side. In this case, it may be considered that the side that enables distortion correction by an arbitrary distortion correction unit is set as the release side.
- the distortion of the substrates 211 and 213 may differ for each of the substrates 211 and 213, for each type of the substrates 211 and 213, for each manufacturing lot of the substrates 211 and 213, or for each manufacturing process of the substrates 211 and 213. Therefore, the determination of which of the substrates 211 and 213 is the fixed side or the release side is made every time the substrates 211 and 213 are bonded together, for each type of the substrates 211 and 213, for each manufacturing lot of the substrates 211 and 213, and for each substrate It may be executed at any one of the manufacturing processes 211 and 213.
- the residual stress of the substrates 211 and 213 is measured by Raman scattering or the like in a state where the substrates 211 and 213 are forcibly flattened by being attracted by the substrate holder 221, etc. It is good also as information about. Further, the distortion of the substrates 211 and 213 may be measured by the pre-aligner 500.
- the control unit 150 analytically obtains information on the distortion of the substrates 211 and 213 and determines whether the substrates 211 and 213 are set to the release side or the fixed side. May be. In that case, based on the manufacturing process of the substrates 211 and 213, the structure and material of the structure such as the circuit region 216 formed on the substrates 211 and 213, the type of the substrates 211 and 213, and information on the stress distribution in the substrates 211 and 213. The magnitude and direction of distortion generated in the substrates 211 and 213, the shape of the substrates 211 and 213, and the like may be estimated.
- the final magnification distortion and final non-linear distortion after bonding are calculated as described above, and based on these, either of the substrates 211 and 213 is set to the release side or the fixed side. To decide.
- information regarding the manufacturing process for the substrates 211 and 213 generated in the process of forming the structure that is, information relating to chemical treatment such as thermal history accompanying etching and etching, and the like is used as information that causes warping. Based on this, distortion generated in the substrates 211 and 213 may be estimated.
- Peripheral information such as the tendency, variation, deposition procedure, and conditions of the deposition apparatus such as the CVD apparatus may be referred to. These pieces of peripheral information may be measured again for the purpose of estimating distortion.
- past data or the like obtained by processing equivalent substrates may be referred to, or assumed for substrates equivalent to the substrates 211 and 213 to be bonded.
- the relationship between the amount of warpage included in the strain and the magnification strain, the relationship between the amount of warpage and the difference in magnification strain between the two substrates, or the difference in magnification strain between the two substrates, that is, the positional deviation You may prepare beforehand the data of the combination of the curvature amount from which amount becomes below a predetermined threshold value. Furthermore, based on the film formation structure and film formation conditions of the substrates 211 and 213 to be bonded together, data may be prepared by analytically obtaining the amount of warpage by a finite element method or the like.
- the measurement of the strain amount with respect to the substrates 211 and 213 may be performed outside the multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus 100, or the substrate 211, the multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus 100, or the system including the multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus 100 may include the substrate 211, A device for measuring strain 213 may be incorporated. Furthermore, the number of measurement items may be increased by using both internal and external measuring devices.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing substrates 511 and 513 on which a plurality of circuit regions 216 are formed.
- the amount of displacement in the laminated substrate 230 due to the air-resistance-induced magnification distortion and the crystallographic anisotropy that may occur at the time of bonding is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.
- the arrangement has been corrected in advance.
- the control unit 150 tentatively determines that the substrate 513 is to be released based on, for example, the type or manufacturing process of the substrates 511 and 513, and determines the substrate 511. If it is fixed, it will be temporarily determined. Further, the substrates 511 and 513 are formed from the silicon single crystal substrate 208 described with reference to FIG.
- the substrate holder 221 for the fixed side having the curved holding surface 225 is selected.
- the amount of positional deviation in the laminated substrate 230 due to the air strain caused by the air resistance and the non-linear strain caused by the crystal anisotropy that can occur at the time of bonding is determined in advance. Make sure that: As the release-side substrate holder 223, one having a curved holding surface 227 is selected to prevent voids.
- the substrate 511 that has been tentatively determined to be fixed is maintained in a fixed state at the time of bonding, a magnification distortion caused by air resistance and a non-linear distortion caused by crystal anisotropy do not occur. Predict. Therefore, in the substrate 511, when the plurality of circuit regions 216 are formed on the entire substrate 511 by repeatedly performing exposure using the same mask, the plurality of circuit regions are formed over the entire substrate 511 without correcting the shot map. Form at equal intervals.
- the substrate 513 tentatively determined when the release side is released will be released at the time of bonding to cause a magnification distortion caused by air resistance and a nonlinear distortion caused by crystal anisotropy. Therefore, in the substrate 513, when the plurality of circuit regions 216 are formed on the entire substrate 513 by repeatedly performing exposure using the same mask, the position caused by the magnification distortion caused by the air resistance and the nonlinear distortion caused by the crystal anisotropy.
- the shot map is corrected so that the amount of deviation is not more than a predetermined threshold.
- the interval in the circumferential direction is made wider than the intervals in the 0 ° direction and the 90 ° direction.
- the substrate 513 temporarily determined to be the release side is determined to be the release side in the determination based on the information on the distortion of the substrates 511 and 513 to be executed later, the substrate holder for the fixed side Even if the holding surface 225 of 221 is flat, a predetermined threshold value is used for the positional deviation in the multilayer substrate 230 due to the magnification distortion caused by air resistance and the non-linear distortion caused by crystal anisotropy that may occur at the time of bonding. The following can be suppressed.
- the interval between the plurality of circuit regions 216 is made constant from the center of the substrate 513 toward the peripheral edge when correcting the shot map, and the constant value of the interval is set to the magnification. Change according to size.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a procedure for bonding the substrates 511 and 513 corrected in advance shown in FIG.
- FIG. 21 shows a method of correcting magnification distortion due to air resistance that may occur during bonding when the substrate 511 shown in FIG. 19 is determined to be released, contrary to the provisional determination described above. It is a figure explaining.
- the substrate 511 is fixed by the lower stage 332 of the bonding unit 300, and is temporarily determined when the substrate 513 is released from the upper stage 322 of the bonding unit 300 (step S201).
- a plurality of circuit regions 216 are formed at equal intervals on the surface of the substrate 511 in a pre-processing apparatus such as an exposure apparatus or a film forming apparatus used in a process performed before the apparatus 100, and the arrangement is previously performed as described above.
- a plurality of corrected circuit regions 216 are formed on the surface of the substrate 513 (step S202).
- the provisional determination in step S201 may be performed by the pretreatment apparatus described above, or may be performed by the control unit 150 of the multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus 100 and output to the pretreatment apparatus.
- either the fixed side or the release side may be determined in advance for each of the substrates 511 and 513 to be bonded, and the information may be stored in the memory of the preprocessing device.
- step S101 information on each distortion of the substrates 511 and 513 to be bonded is acquired (step S101), and the substrate 511 and 513 are held by the lower stage 332 of the bonding unit 300 based on the acquired information. Is to be maintained, or whether the holding by the upper stage 322 of the bonding unit 300 is to be released is determined (step S102).
- step S203 If it is determined that the substrate 513 that has been provisionally determined to be the release side in step S201 is the release side in step S102 (step S203: YES), the process proceeds to step S103 and subsequent steps, and the release side in which the holding surface 227 is curved as described above.
- the substrate 513 is held by the substrate holder 223, the substrate 511 is held by the fixed-side substrate holder 221 having a flat holding surface 225, and the substrate 513 and the substrate 511 are bonded to each other by the bonding unit 300 to be a laminated substrate. 230 is formed.
- step S203 if it is determined that the substrate 513 that has been provisionally determined to be the release side in step S201 is to be the fixed side in step S102 (step S203: NO), a magnification distortion caused by air resistance is used as the substrate holder 222 for the fixed side. Then, after selecting the one having the holding surface 225 having a curved shape such that the amount of displacement due to nonlinear distortion caused by crystal anisotropy is not more than a predetermined threshold (step S204), step S103 is selected.
- the substrate 511 is held by the release-side substrate holder 223 whose holding surface 227 is curved, and the substrate 513 is held by the fixed-side substrate holder 222 whose holding surface 225 is curved, as shown in FIG. Further, the substrate 511 and the substrate 513 are bonded to each other at the bonding portion 300 to form the multilayer substrate 230.
- the distortion correction amount using the fixed-side substrate holder 222 selected in step S204 cancels the distortion correction amount in step S202, and makes the amount of positional deviation equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value. Since it is necessary, for example, it becomes about twice the distortion correction amount in step S202. Considering the difference of the initial magnification distortion between the substrates 511 and 513, it slightly increases or decreases from about 2 times.
- the fixed-side substrate 513 is used. Even if the holding surface 225 of the substrate holder 221 is flat, the positional deviation in the laminated substrate 230 due to the magnification distortion caused by air resistance and the non-linear distortion caused by crystal anisotropy that can occur at the time of bonding is determined in advance. It can be suppressed below the threshold value.
- the holding surface 225 is curved with a predetermined curvature.
- FIGS. 22 to 24 show an embodiment different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 14 as a method of correcting a positional shift due to a difference in distortion generated between the two substrates 211 and 213.
- the surface shape of the lower stage 632 that holds the fixed-side substrate 211 is changed according to the magnitude of the magnification distortion caused by the air resistance of the release-side substrate 213, and the fixed-side substrate 211 Adjust the correction amount.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of a bonding unit 600 according to another embodiment.
- the bonding unit 600 is the same except for the configuration of the lower stage 332 of the bonding unit 300 in the above embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- the holding surfaces 225 and 227 of the substrate holders 221 and 223 may have an arbitrary shape.
- the lower stage 632 of the bonding unit 600 includes a base 611, a plurality of actuators 612, and a suction unit 613.
- the base 611 supports the adsorption unit 613 via a plurality of actuators 612.
- the suction unit 613 has a suction mechanism such as a vacuum chuck or an electrostatic chuck, and forms the upper surface of the lower stage 632.
- the suction unit 613 sucks and holds the carried substrate holder 221.
- the plurality of actuators 612 are arranged along the lower surface of the suction portion 613 below the suction portion 613.
- the plurality of actuators 612 are individually driven under the control of the control unit 150 by supplying working fluid from the pressure source 622 via the pump 615 and the valve 616 from the outside.
- the plurality of actuators 612 expands and contracts in the thickness direction of the lower stage 632, that is, the bonding direction of the substrates 211 and 213, respectively, with different expansion and contraction amounts, and raises or lowers the region where the adsorbing portion 613 is coupled.
- the plurality of actuators 612 are coupled to the suction unit 613 via links.
- a central portion of the suction portion 613 is coupled to the base portion 611 by a support column 614.
- the surface of the suction portion 613 is displaced in the thickness direction for each region where the plurality of actuators 612 are coupled.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram showing a layout of the actuator 612.
- the plurality of actuators 612 are arranged radially with the support column 614 as the center. Further, the arrangement of the plurality of actuators 612 can be regarded as a concentric shape centering on the support column 614.
- the arrangement of the plurality of actuators 612 is not limited to that shown in the figure, and may be arranged in a lattice shape, a spiral shape, or the like, for example. Accordingly, the substrate 211 can be corrected by changing the shape into a concentric shape, a radial shape, a spiral shape, or the like.
- FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram illustrating a part of the operation of the bonding unit 600.
- the plurality of actuators 612 can be expanded and contracted by individually opening and closing the valves 616 to change the shape of the suction portion 613. Therefore, if the suction unit 613 is sucking the substrate holder 221 and the substrate holder 221 is holding the substrate 211, the shape of the suction unit 613 is changed to change the substrate holder 221 and the substrate 211. The shape can be changed and curved.
- the plurality of actuators 612 are concentric, that is, arranged in the circumferential direction of the lower stage 632. Therefore, as shown by a dotted line M in FIG. 23, a plurality of actuators 612 for each circumference are grouped, and the driving amount is increased toward the periphery, so that the center is raised on the surface of the suction portion 613,
- the shape can be changed to a parabolic surface, a cylindrical surface, or the like.
- the substrate 211 can be curved by changing its shape following a spherical surface, a paraboloid, or the like. Therefore, on the upper surface of the substrate 211 in the drawing, the shape is changed so that the surface of the substrate 211 expands in the surface direction, with the central portion B in the thickness direction of the substrate 211 indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. Further, the shape of the lower surface of the substrate 211 is changed so that the surface of the substrate 211 is reduced in the surface direction.
- the substrate 211 can be curved by changing the shape of the substrate 211 in a non-linear manner including a plurality of uneven portions in addition to other shapes such as a cylindrical surface. .
- the deviation from the design specifications of the plurality of circuit regions 216 on the surface of the substrate 211 can be adjusted partially or entirely. Further, the amount of change in shape can be adjusted by the operation amount of the plurality of actuators 612.
- the adsorbing portion 613 has a shape that rises at the center.
- the magnification of the plurality of circuit regions 216 on the surface of the substrate 211 is increased by increasing the operation amount of the plurality of actuators 612 at the peripheral portion of the suction portion 613 and causing the central portion to be depressed with respect to the peripheral portion of the suction portion 613. Distortion can also be reduced.
- another correction method such as thermal expansion or thermal contraction by temperature adjustment may be further introduced.
- the substrate on the side of which the holding is released at the time of bonding or to heat the substrate on the fixed side it is preferable to cool the substrate on the side of which the holding is released at the time of bonding or to heat the substrate on the fixed side. Further, when correcting one of the two substrates 211 and 213 by heating, when the heated substrate is held on the lower stage 332, the heat generated from the heated substrate rises toward the upper stage 322, and the upper substrate 322 is heated. Since the substrate may be deformed by being transmitted to the substrate held on the stage 322, it is preferable to hold the substrate to be heated on the upper stage 322 and hold the other substrate on the lower stage 332. That is, in this case, it is preferable that the other substrate held by the lower stage 332 is a release-side substrate.
- the conveyance unit receives the determination information, selectively removes the release-side or fixed-side substrate holder from the holder cassette, and sequentially sets the substrate and substrate holder pairs on the pre-aligner. Carry in.
- the bonding unit receives the determination information and selectively holds the substrate holder holding the substrate on the upper stage or the lower stage. May be.
- control unit of the multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus has been described as a configuration in which one of the pair of substrates 211 and 213 is determined to be the fixed side and the other is set to the release side.
- the determination may be performed in advance by a preprocessing apparatus, and the determined information may be input to the control unit of the multilayer substrate manufacturing apparatus.
- the determination of which of the pair of substrates 211 and 213 is the fixed side or the release side is performed before the substrate is held by the stage of the bonding unit.
- the stage on the substrate release side is determined in advance, and the substrate determined to be on the release side is held on the stage determined for release in advance.
- the control unit 150 determines the stage on which the pair of substrates 211 and 213 should be held, respectively, according to the information regarding the distortion of the pair of substrates 211 and 213.
- control unit 150 may determine which stage is holding the substrate that is determined to be released, and may perform control to release the suction by the stage.
- the stage on which the substrate to be released is held is determined, and control for releasing the stage is controlled by the control unit 150. May be performed.
- control unit 150 may release the holding of the pair of substrates 211 and 213 by both stages at the time of bonding. In this case, based on the information regarding distortion, it may be determined which of the pair of substrates 211 and 213 is held on the upper stage or the lower stage.
- the control unit 150 may release part or all of the holding of the substrate 211 by the substrate holder 221.
- the lower substrate 211 is lifted from the substrate holder 221 and bent by the pulling force from the upper substrate 213 in the process of expanding the contact area.
- the shape changes so that the surface of the lower substrate 211 extends, so that the difference from the amount of extension of the surface of the upper substrate 213 is reduced by this amount of extension. Therefore, a positional shift caused by different deformation amounts between the two substrates 211 and 213 is suppressed.
- the control unit 150 determines the substrate 211 as a fixed-side substrate.
- the suction force by the stationary stage may be adjusted to hold the stationary substrate semi-fixed. In this case, it is not included in releasing the substrate described in the plurality of embodiments that the substrate held semi-fixed is attracted to another substrate by an intermolecular force and is separated from the substrate holder.
- the apparatus and method for manufacturing a laminated substrate have been described using a plurality of embodiments. Additionally or alternatively, by releasing the holding of one of the first substrate held by the first holding unit and the second substrate held by the second holding unit, the first substrate A multilayer substrate manufacturing system that manufactures a multilayer substrate by bonding a second substrate, an acquisition unit that acquires information about each strain of the first substrate and the second substrate, and based on the information about the strain , A determination unit that determines whether to hold or release the holding of the first substrate and the second substrate, and a bonding unit that bonds the first substrate and the second substrate based on the determination It is good also as a laminated substrate manufacturing system provided with these.
- the deciding unit sends a signal indicating that the release-side substrate and the fixed-side substrate are separated into separate transfer containers to the transfer device that sorts the substrates into transfer containers that contain the substrates to be joined, or a single You may transmit the signal to accommodate so that the cancellation
- the determination unit includes a signal including information on the release-side substrate and the fixed-side substrate, a signal indicating that the release-side substrate is held on the release stage and the fixed-side substrate is held on the fixing stage, and
- at least one of the signals indicating that the stage holding the release-side substrate is controlled to be released at the time of bonding may be transmitted to the laminated substrate manufacturing apparatus 100 which is an example of a bonding unit.
- the substrates 211 and 213 are bonded to each other by gradually expanding the contact area after contacting a part of the substrates 211 and 213 is used.
- the substrates 211 and 213 may be bonded together by holding each of 211 and 213 on a flat holding portion and releasing the holding of one substrate.
- the method described in the above embodiment can be applied to determine the substrate to be released.
- 100 laminated substrate manufacturing apparatus 110 housing, 120, 130 substrate cassette, 140 transport unit, 150 control unit, 208, 209 silicon single crystal substrate, 210, 211, 213, 511, 513 substrate, 212 scribe line, 214 notch, 216 Circuit area, 218 Alignment mark, 220, 221, 222, 223 Substrate holder, 225, 227 Holding surface, 230 Laminated substrate, 300 Bonding part, 310 Frame body, 312 Bottom plate, 316 Top plate, 322 Upper stage, 324, 334 microscope, 326, 336 activation device, 331 X direction drive unit, 332 lower stage, 333 Y direction drive unit, 338 elevating drive unit, 400 holder stocker, 500 pre-aligner, 600 bonding unit, 611 base, 612 Actuator 613 suction unit, 614 posts, 615 pumps, 616 valves, 622 pressure source 632 lower stage
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Abstract
Description
[特許文献1]特開2015-95579号公報
Claims (16)
- 第1保持部に保持された第1の基板、および、第2保持部に保持された第2の基板の一方の前記保持を解除することにより、前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板とを貼り合わせる方法であって、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のそれぞれの歪みに関する情報に基づいて、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のいずれの前記保持を解除するかまたは維持するかを決定する段階を含む基板貼り合わせ方法。 - 前記歪みに関する情報は、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板の貼り合わせ過程で生じる歪みに関する情報を含み、
前記決定する段階では、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のうち前記貼り合わせ過程で生じる歪みが小さい方を解除すると決定する請求項1に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。 - 前記歪みに関する情報は、歪みを生じさせる原因に関する情報を含み、 前記原因に関する情報に基づいて、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のそれぞれの歪みを推定する段階を更に備え、
前記決定する段階では、前記推定した歪みの情報に基づいて前記決定を行う請求項1または2に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。 - 前記歪みに関する情報を取得する段階を含み、
前記取得する段階では、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のそれぞれの歪みを計測し、計測した前記歪みを前記情報として取得する請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。 - 前記歪みに関する情報は、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のそれぞれにおける反りの大きさ、反りの方向、反っている部分、反りの振幅、撓みの大きさ、撓みの方向、撓みの振幅、撓んでいる部分、内部応力、および、応力分布の少なくとも一つに関する情報を含む請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記歪みに関する情報は、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のそれぞれにおける反りの振幅の最大値を示す情報を含み、
前記決定する段階では、前記第1の基板の前記最大値と、前記第2の基板の前記最大値との大小を比較して決定を行い、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のうち前記最大値が大きい方を、前記保持を維持する基板に決定する請求項5に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。 - 前記歪みに関する情報は、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のそれぞれにおける反りの振幅の平均値を示す情報を含み、
前記決定する段階では、前記第1の基板の前記平均値と、前記第2の基板の前記平均値との大小を比較し、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のうち前記平均値が大きい方を、前記保持を維持する基板に決定する請求項5に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。 - 前記決定する段階を、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板を貼り合わせる毎、前記第1の基板の製造ロット毎、及び、前記第2の基板の製造ロット毎の少なくとも1つで実行する請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 第1の基板を第1保持部に保持する段階と、
前記第1の基板に対向するように第2の基板を第2保持部に保持する段階と、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板の一方の前記保持を解除することにより、前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板とを貼り合わせる段階とを含み、
前記貼り合わせる段階は、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のうち、前記保持を解除した場合に貼り合せ過程で生じる歪みが小さい方の基板、または、貼り合わせ前に生じている歪みが小さい方の基板の前記保持を解除する基板貼り合せ方法。 - 第1保持部に保持された第1の基板、および、第2保持部に保持された第2の基板の少なくとも一方の前記保持を解除することにより、前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板とを貼り合わせる方法であって、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のそれぞれの歪みに関する情報に基づいて、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のいずれを前記第1保持部または前記第2保持部に保持するかを決定する段階を含む基板貼り合わせ方法。 - 第1の基板を保持する第1保持部と、第2の基板を保持する第2保持部とを有し、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板の一方の前記保持を解除することにより、前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板とを貼り合わせる貼り合わせ段階と、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のそれぞれの歪みに関する情報に基づいて、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のいずれの前記保持を解除するかまたは維持するかを決定する決定段階と、
を含み、
前記貼り合わせ段階は、前記決定段階において解除すると決定された基板の前記保持を解除する積層基板製造方法。 - 第1の基板を保持する第1保持部と、
第2の基板を保持する第2保持部と、を備え、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板の一方の前記保持を解除することにより、前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板とを貼り合わせて積層基板を製造する積層基板製造装置であって、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のそれぞれの歪みに関する情報に基づいて、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のいずれの前記保持を解除するかまたは維持するかを決定する決定部を備える積層基板製造装置。 - 第1の基板を保持する第1保持部と、
前記第1の基板に対向するように第2の基板を保持する第2保持部と、
を備え、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板の一方の前記保持を解除することにより、前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板とを貼り合わせて積層基板を製造する積層基板製造装置であって、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のうち歪みに関する情報に基づいて前記保持の解除が決定された一方の基板の前記保持を解除する積層基板製造装置。 - 第1の基板を保持する第1保持部と、
前記第1の基板に対向するように第2の基板を保持する第2保持部と、
を備え、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板の一方の前記保持を解除することにより、前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板とを貼り合わせて積層基板を製造する積層基板製造装置であって、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のうち、前記保持を解除した場合に貼り合せ過程で生じる歪みが小さい方の基板、または、貼り合わせ前に生じている歪みが小さい方の基板の前記保持を解除する積層基板製造装置。 - 第1の基板を保持する第1保持部と、
前記第1の基板に対向するように第2の基板を保持する第2保持部と、
前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板との位置ずれを補正する補正部と、
を備え、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板の一方の前記保持を解除することにより、前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板とを貼り合わせて積層基板を製造する積層基板製造装置であって、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のうち、貼り合わせした場合に推定される位置ずれの補正量が、前記補正部での補正が可能な大きさとなる方の基板の前記保持を解除する積層基板製造装置。 - 第1の基板を保持する第1保持部と、第2の基板を保持する第2保持部とを有し、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板の一方の前記保持を解除することにより、前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板とを貼り合わせる貼り合わせ部と、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のそれぞれの歪みに関する情報に基づいて、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板のいずれの前記保持を解除するかまたは維持するかを決定する決定部と、
を備え、
前記貼り合わせ部は、前記決定部において解除すると決定された基板の前記保持を解除する積層基板製造システム。
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JP2021150533A (ja) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-27 | キオクシア株式会社 | 貼合装置および貼合方法 |
WO2023153317A1 (ja) * | 2022-02-10 | 2023-08-17 | 株式会社ニコン | 基板補正装置、基板積層装置、基板処理システム、基板補正方法、基板処理方法、および半導体装置の製造方法 |
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- 2018-05-24 WO PCT/JP2018/020075 patent/WO2018221391A1/ja active Application Filing
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JPWO2018221391A1 (ja) | 2020-04-09 |
KR20200014268A (ko) | 2020-02-10 |
TW201909235A (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
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