WO2018123783A1 - 有機電界発光素子用材料及び有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
有機電界発光素子用材料及び有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018123783A1 WO2018123783A1 PCT/JP2017/045847 JP2017045847W WO2018123783A1 WO 2018123783 A1 WO2018123783 A1 WO 2018123783A1 JP 2017045847 W JP2017045847 W JP 2017045847W WO 2018123783 A1 WO2018123783 A1 WO 2018123783A1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 88
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- NZFNXWQNBYZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioridazine hydrochloride Chemical class Cl.C12=CC(SC)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C2N1CCC1CCCCN1C NZFNXWQNBYZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical class [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/654—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element material, an organic electroluminescent element film, and an organic electroluminescent element (hereinafter referred to as an organic EL element). Specifically, a compound having a conformation number within a specific range is used. The present invention relates to an organic EL element material.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an organic EL element using a TTF (Triplet-Triplet Fusion) mechanism, which is one of delayed fluorescence mechanisms.
- TTF Triplet-Triplet Fusion
- the TTF mechanism uses the phenomenon that singlet excitons are generated by collision of two triplet excitons, and it is theoretically thought that the internal quantum efficiency can be increased to 40%.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an organic EL element using a TADF (Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence) mechanism.
- the TADF mechanism utilizes the phenomenon that reverse intersystem crossing from triplet excitons to singlet excitons occurs in materials where the energy difference between singlet and triplet levels is small. It is thought to be raised to 100%. However, there is a demand for further improvement in the life characteristics as in the phosphorescent light emitting device.
- Patent Document 3 discloses the use of an indolocarbazole compound as a host material.
- Patent Document 4 discloses the use of an indolocarbazole compound as a mixed host.
- Patent Document 5 discloses the use of a host material in which a plurality of hosts containing an indolocarbazole compound are premixed. However, none of them are sufficient, and further improvements are desired. In addition, there is no teaching that a compound having a conformational number within a specific range is used as a material for an organic electroluminescence device.
- An object of this invention is to provide the practically useful organic EL element which has high efficiency and high drive stability in view of the said present condition, and a compound suitable for it.
- the present invention is represented by the general formula (1), has a skeleton structure in which an aromatic hydrocarbon group and / or an aromatic heterocyclic group are linked, and the skeleton structure not containing a substituent has a molecular weight of 500 or more and 1500 or less.
- a compound for an organic electroluminescence device characterized in that the number of conformations generated by conformational search calculation of the skeleton structure is 9 to 100,000.
- Ar is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, or 2 of these aromatic rings.
- -10 represents a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group formed by linking.
- HetAr represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- z represents an integer of 2 to 5.
- n is an integer obtained by subtracting 4 from the total number of Ar 2 to Ar 7 .
- ring A represents an aromatic ring represented by the formula (A2) condensed at an arbitrary position of two adjacent rings.
- Ring B represents a nitrogen-containing five-membered ring represented by the formula (B2) that is fused at any position of two adjacent rings.
- L is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or a linked aromatic group independently represented by the formula (c2), Ar 1 to Ar 7 are each independently Ar 1 , Ar 3 and Ar 5 are divalent Ar 2 is i + 1 valent, Ar 4 is h + 1 valent, Ar 6 is g + 1 valent, Ar 7 is a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, or aromatic group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms.
- a heterocyclic group, and these aromatic hydrocarbon groups or aromatic heterocyclic groups may each independently have a substituent Q, and in the case of having a substituent, the substituent Q is deuterium, halogen, Cyano group, nitro group, alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aralkyl group having 7 to 38 carbon atoms, alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, dialkylamino having 2 to 40 carbon atoms A diarylamino group having 12 to 44 carbon atoms, a diaralkylamino group having 14 to 76 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a group substituted with R 1 to R 3 each independently represent a substituent Q or L. At least one of L has a total number of Ar 2 to Ar 7 of 4 or more.
- a, b, and c represent the number of substitutions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- d, e, and f represent the number of repetitions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- g, h, and i represent the number of substitutions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- the total number of Ar 1 to Ar 7 contained in all L in the general formula (2) is preferably 6 or more and 10 or less.
- ring C represents an aromatic ring represented by the formula (C3) that is condensed at an arbitrary position of two adjacent rings.
- Ring D represents a nitrogen-containing five-membered ring represented by the formula (D3) that is fused at any position of two adjacent rings.
- L is in agreement with the general formula (2), and Ar 2 in at least one L represents an i + 1-valent substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms.
- L in the general formula (3) may be a group represented by the following formula (c5).
- Ar 1 , Ar 3 to Ar 7 , d to i are the same as in formula (c2)
- X represents CH, C— or nitrogen independently, and at least one of X represents nitrogen.
- i in L is 2 to 4, and the i substituents may be different from each other.
- any of Ar 2 to Ar 7 in L can have at least one partial structure represented by the formula (4). Preferably, it can have two or more.
- any one of L is a group L 2 represented by the formula (c2) other than the formula (c5), and any one of Ar 2 to Ar 7 in the L 2 , It is preferable to have at least one partial structure represented by the formula (4).
- any one of Ar 2 to Ar 7 in L preferably has at least one partial structure represented by the formula (5).
- Ar 1 and Ar 3 to Ar 7 in L are preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 carbon atoms.
- at least one of L is the formula (c5), and Ar 3 to Ar 7 in the formula (c5) have at least one partial structure represented by the formula (5) Can do.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown below.
- the above-mentioned compound for organic electroluminescence device having a solubility in toluene at 40 ° C. of 1% or more.
- Another embodiment is a material for an organic electroluminescence device comprising at least one of the above compounds for organic electroluminescence device.
- Another aspect is an organic electroluminescent element including an organic layer made of the above-described organic electroluminescent element material.
- Another aspect is a composition for an organic electroluminescent element obtained by dissolving or dispersing the above-described organic electroluminescent element material in a solvent.
- Another aspect is an organic electroluminescent device comprising an organic layer comprising a coating film of the composition for organic electroluminescent devices.
- the organic layer may be at least one layer selected from a light emitting layer, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a hole blocking layer, and an electron blocking layer, and preferably emits light. Is a layer.
- the light emitting layer can contain a light emitting dopant material.
- the material for organic electroluminescent elements of the present invention contains the compound for organic electroluminescent elements of the present invention.
- This compound has a structure in which a plurality of aromatic rings including an aromatic heterocycle are connected, and can take various three-dimensional conformations, so that it is crystalline compared to a material having a structure with few conformations.
- a film having high amorphous stability can be formed.
- the material for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention When the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is a compound having an indolocarbazole skeleton, the material for organic electroluminescence device has high stability in the active state of oxidation, reduction and exciton and has high heat resistance Thus, an organic electroluminescent element using an organic thin film formed therefrom exhibits high luminous efficiency and driving stability.
- the material for an organic electroluminescent element of the present invention is a mixture containing at least one compound for an organic electroluminescent element of the present invention, the mixture is used for the same organic electroluminescent element layer, whereby holes in the layer are formed. And the carrier balance of electrons can be adjusted, and a higher performance organic EL device can be realized.
- the organic electroluminescent element material of the present invention can have various three-dimensional structures as described above, packing between molecules is weak and solubility in an organic solvent is high. This material is therefore adaptable to the application process.
- the compound for an organic electroluminescence device of the present invention has a molecular weight of 500 to 1500 in a skeleton structure only linked to an aromatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic heterocyclic group not containing a substituent, and conformational search of the skeleton structure It has a structure in which the number of conformations generated by calculation is 9 to 100,000, and is represented by the above general formula (1).
- the compound for an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention has a skeletal structure in which an aromatic ring of an aromatic group selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic heterocyclic group is connected by a direct bond, such as an alkyl group.
- the skeleton structure may be linear or branched.
- the molecular weight of the above skeleton structure alone is 500 to 1500, but if the molecular weight is too low, the amorphous stability of the material may be lowered. If the molecular weight is too high, the heating temperature required for vapor deposition film formation Increases and the possibility of material degradation increases. Therefore, the molecular weight range is 500 to 1500, preferably 600 to 1300, more preferably 700 to 1100.
- the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention has a skeleton structure in which the number of conformations generated by conformational search calculation is 9 to 100,000. If the number of conformations is too small, the amorphous stability of the material may be reduced. In addition, when the number of conformations is too large, the volume fraction of the structure related to charge transport and light emission decreases, so that charge transport characteristics and light emission characteristics deteriorate, and an excellent organic electroluminescence device cannot be obtained. Therefore, the range of the conformational number of the skeleton structure possessed by the compound for organic charge light emitting device of the present invention is 9 to 100,000, preferably 12 to 50,000, more preferably 15 to 20,000.
- the conformation indicates a local stable structure that can be taken by the bond rotation and bond direction of the molecule, and the multiple conformations generated by the conformational search calculation are in a conformational relationship with each other. is there.
- Conformational search can be easily calculated by executing a molecular force field calculation using software such as CONFLEX (manufactured by Conflex) or MacroModel (manufactured by Schrodinger). it can. Preferred specific calculation methods are described in the examples.
- CONFLEX manufactured by Conflex
- MacroModel manufactured by Schrodinger
- Ar is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, or these A substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group formed by connecting 2 to 10 aromatic rings.
- Ar examples include benzene, pentalene, indene, naphthalene, azulene, heptalene, octalene, indacene, acenaphthylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, tridene, fluoranthene, acephenanthrylene, acanthrylene, triphenylene, pyrene, chrysene, Tetraphen, tetracene, pleiaden, picene, perylene, pentaphen, pentacene, tetraphenylene, cholanthrylene, helicene, hexaphene, rubicene, coronene, trinaphthylene, heptaphene, pyranthrene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, xanthene, oxatolene, dibenzofuran, perixane Tenox
- HetAr represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples thereof include furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, xanthene, oxatolene, dibenzofuran, perixanthenoxanthene, thiophene, thioxanthene, thianthrene, phenoxathiin, thionaphthene, isothianaphthene, thiophene, thiophanthrene, dibenzothiophene, Pyrrole, pyrazole, tellurazole, selenazole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, furazane, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine, indolizine, indole, isoindole, indazole, purine, quinolidine, is
- Preferred is a group formed by removing hydrogen from pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine, carbazole, indole, indoloindole, indolocarbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, quinazoline or naphthyridine.
- the number of hydrogen removed is z.
- z represents an integer of 2 to 5, and is more preferably an integer of 2 to 4 from the viewpoint of amorphous stability and charge transport characteristics.
- Preferred examples of the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention include compounds represented by the above general formula (2) or general formula (3).
- the ring A represents an aromatic ring represented by the formula (A2) that is condensed at an arbitrary position of two adjacent rings.
- Ring B represents a nitrogen-containing five-membered ring represented by the formula (B2) that is fused at any position of two adjacent rings.
- L is independently represented by the formula (c2).
- Ar 1 to Ar 7 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, and these aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group Each may be independently substituted, in which case the substituent Q is deuterium, halogen, cyano group, nitro group, alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aralkyl group having 7 to 38 carbon atoms, carbon number 2 to 20 alkenyl groups, 2 to 20 alkynyl groups, 2 to 40 dialkylamino groups, 12 to 44 diarylamino groups, 14 to 76 diaralkylamino groups, 2 carbon atoms ⁇ 20 acyl group, C2-C20 acyloxy group, C1-C20 alkoxy group, C2-C20 alkoxycarbonyl group, C2-C20 alkoxycarbonyloxy group, C1-C20 Or a hydrogen atom in these hydrocarbon groups is deuterium Or an been substituted with halogen.
- R 1 to R 3 each independently represent the above substituent Q or L.
- L may be 2 or more, but at least one of them has a total number of Ar 2 to Ar 7 contained in L of 4 or more.
- a, b, and c represent the number of substitutions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- d, e, and f represent the number of repetitions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- g, h, and i represent the number of substitutions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- the total number of Ar 2 to Ar 7 can be calculated from the number of e, f, g, h, and i in the formula (c2).
- the number of conformations generated by conformational search calculation is preferably greater than 4 ⁇ 2 n and not greater than 4 ⁇ 4 n + 1 , more preferably Is greater than 4 ⁇ 2 n and less than or equal to 4 ⁇ 4 n , more preferably greater than 4 ⁇ 2 n + 1 and less than or equal to 4 ⁇ 4 n .
- n is an integer obtained by subtracting 4 from the total number of Ar 2 to Ar 7. At this time, n is preferably 1 to 7, and more preferably 2 to 5.
- the total number of the Ar 2 ⁇ Ar 7 are the general formula (2), since L is two or more, is understood to be the sum of the total number of Ar 2 ⁇ Ar 7 for each L.
- Ar 1 to Ar 7 represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include benzene, Pentalene, indene, naphthalene, azulene, heptalene, octalene, indacene, acenaphthylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, triindene, fluoranthene, acephenanthrylene, acanthrylene, triphenylene, pyrene, chrysene, tetraphene, tetracene, preaden, picene , Perylene, pentaphen, pentacene, tetraphenylene, cholanthrylene, helicene, hexaphene, rubicene, coronene, trinaphthylene, heptaphene, pyranthren
- a, b and c represent the number of substitutions and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 2, but preferably represents an integer of 0 to 1.
- d, e, and f represent the number of repetitions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5, preferably an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably an integer of 0 to 3.
- g, h, and i represent the number of substitutions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5, preferably an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably an integer of 0 to 2.
- either d or i is preferably an integer of 1 or more.
- the ring C represents an aromatic ring represented by the formula (C3) that is condensed at an arbitrary position of two adjacent rings.
- Ring D represents a nitrogen-containing five-membered ring represented by the formula (D3) that is fused at any position of two adjacent rings.
- L is in agreement with the general formula (2), and Ar 2 in any one L represents an i + 1 monovalent substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms.
- any one L in the general formula (3) is represented by the above formula (c5).
- each X independently represents CH, C- or nitrogen, and at least one of X represents nitrogen.
- Symbols common to the general formula (2) such as Ar 1 , Ar 3 to Ar 7 , d to i, and the like are the same.
- L in the general formula (2) or the general formula (3) has at least one partial structure represented by the above formula (4).
- the conformation number becomes a more preferable value.
- the number of substitutions i in the formula (c5) is 2 to 4, and the 2 to 4 substituents are preferably different. Different substituents result in a loss of symmetry and more conformations.
- L in the general formula (2) or the general formula (3) has at least two partial structures represented by the above formula (4). It is more preferable to have at least one partial structure represented by the above formula (5), and to have at least one partial structure represented by the above formula (5) on the nitrogen-containing six-membered ring in the formula (c5). Further preferred.
- Ar 1 and Ar 3 to Ar 7 in formula (2) or formula (3) are preferably aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 carbon atoms, and the total number of Ar 1 to Ar 7 is 6 or more and 10 or less. It is preferable that
- any one of Ar 3 to Ar 7 constituting L in the general formula (2) or the general formula (3) has at least one partial structure represented by the above formula (4) or the formula (5). desirable.
- the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be used alone as a material for organic electroluminescence device, but it can be used by using a plurality of compounds for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention or mixed with other compounds. By using it as a material for an electroluminescence device, the function can be further improved or the insufficient characteristics can be compensated.
- a preferable compound that can be used by mixing with the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a known compound.
- the organic electroluminescent device compound or material of the present invention is an organic layer such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a hole blocking layer, or an electron blocking layer constituting the organic electroluminescent device. It can be used as a material, but among them, it is preferable to use as a hole transport layer, electron blocking layer, light emitting layer, electron transport layer, hole blocking layer material, and further, electron blocking layer, light emitting layer, hole blocking More preferably, it is used as a layer material.
- one or more compounds of the present invention may be vapor-deposited from a vapor deposition source to form an organic layer.
- the organic layer can also be formed by vapor deposition from different vapor deposition sources simultaneously with other compounds such as the material and phosphorescent material such as phosphorescence, fluorescence, and delayed fluorescence.
- two or more kinds of the compounds of the present invention can be premixed to form a premix before vapor deposition, and the premix can be simultaneously vapor deposited from one vapor deposition source to form an organic layer.
- one or more compounds of the present invention are premixed with a known host material or a luminescent dopant material such as phosphorescence, fluorescence, and delayed fluorescence to form a premix, and the premix is obtained from one deposition source.
- the organic layer can also be formed by vapor deposition at the same time.
- the compound used for premixing and the compound for organic electroluminescent elements of the present invention have a temperature difference of 30 ° C. or less at a desired vapor pressure.
- the organic electroluminescent material can also be applied to various coating processes such as spin coating, bar coating, spraying, ink jet, and printing.
- a solution also referred to as a composition for an organic electroluminescence device
- the solvent is volatilized by heating and drying.
- An organic layer can be formed.
- the solvent used may be one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds.
- the solution may contain a known host material or a luminescent dopant material such as phosphorescence, fluorescence, delayed fluorescence, etc. as a compound other than the present invention.
- An additive or the like may be included.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of a general organic electroluminescence device used in the present invention.
- 1 is a substrate
- 2 is an anode
- 3 is a hole injection layer
- 4 is a hole transport layer
- 5 is light emission.
- Layer, 6 represents an electron transport layer
- 7 represents a cathode.
- the organic EL device of the present invention may have an exciton blocking layer adjacent to the light emitting layer, or may have an electron blocking layer between the light emitting layer and the hole injection layer.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted on either the anode side or the cathode side of the light emitting layer, or both can be inserted simultaneously.
- the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention has an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode as essential layers, but it is preferable to have a hole injecting and transporting layer and an electron injecting and transporting layer in addition to the essential layers. It is preferable to have a hole blocking layer between the injection transport layers.
- the hole injection / transport layer means either or both of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer
- the electron injection / transport layer means either or both of an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer.
- the structure opposite to that shown in FIG. 1, that is, the cathode 7, the electron transport layer 6, the light emitting layer 5, the hole transport layer 4 and the anode 2 can be laminated in this order on the substrate 1. Addition and omission are possible.
- the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is preferably supported on a substrate.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and any substrate that has been conventionally used for an organic electroluminescence device can be used.
- a substrate made of glass, transparent plastic, quartz, or the like can be used.
- anode material in the organic electroluminescence device a material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) that can form a transparent conductive film may be used.
- these electrode materials may be formed into a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by a photolithography method, or the pattern accuracy is not required (about 100 ⁇ m or more). May form a pattern through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material. Or when using the substance which can be apply
- the transmittance be greater than 10%
- the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the cathode material a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less) (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound or a mixture thereof is used.
- an electron injecting metal a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less) (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound or a mixture thereof.
- electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function value than this such as a magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium, from the viewpoint of electron injectability and durability against oxidation, etc.
- a magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium from the viewpoint of electron injectability and durability against oxidation, etc.
- Aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these cathode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance of the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the emission luminance is improved, which is convenient.
- a transparent or translucent cathode can be produced by forming the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode on the cathode.
- an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be manufactured.
- the light emitting layer is a layer that emits light after excitons are generated by recombination of holes and electrons injected from each of the anode and the cathode, and the light emitting layer includes a light emitting dopant material and a host material.
- the organic electroluminescent element material of the present invention is suitably used as a host material in the light emitting layer.
- one or a plurality of known host materials may be used in combination, but the amount used is 5 wt% or more and 95 wt% or less, preferably 20 wt% or more and 80 wt% or less with respect to the total of the host materials. Is good.
- a known host material that can be used is preferably a compound that has a hole transporting ability and an electron transporting ability, prevents the emission of light from becoming longer, and has a high glass transition temperature.
- Such other host materials are known from a large number of patent documents, and can be selected from them.
- Specific examples of the host material are not particularly limited, but include indole derivatives, carbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, Pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, styrylamine compounds, aromatic dimethylidene compounds, porphyrins Compounds, anthraquinodimethane derivatives, anthrone derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide
- Tetracarboxylic anhydride Tetracarboxylic anhydride, phthalocyanine derivatives, metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives, metal phthalocyanines, various metal complexes represented by metal complexes of benzoxazole and benzothiazole derivatives, polysilane compounds, poly (N-vinylcarbazole) derivatives, Examples include aniline-based copolymers, thiophene oligomers, polythiophene derivatives, polyphenylene derivatives, polyphenylene vinylene derivatives, and polyfluorene derivatives.
- the organic electroluminescent element material can be deposited from a vapor deposition source or dissolved in a solvent to form a solution, and then applied onto the hole injection transport layer and dried to form a light emitting layer.
- organic electroluminescent element material When an organic electroluminescent element material is deposited to form an organic layer, other host materials and dopants may be deposited from different deposition sources together with the material of the present invention, or premixed before the deposition. By using a mixture, a plurality of host materials and dopants can be deposited simultaneously from one deposition source.
- the material used for the hole injecting and transporting layer as the base has low solubility in the solvent used in the light emitting layer solution.
- any of a fluorescent light-emitting dopant, a phosphorescent light-emitting dopant, and a delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant may be used, but a phosphorescent light-emitting dopant and a delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant are preferable in terms of light emission efficiency. Further, only one kind of these luminescent dopants may be contained, or two or more kinds of dopants may be contained.
- the phosphorescent dopant preferably contains an organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold.
- organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold.
- iridium complexes described in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123,4304 and JP-T-2013-53051 are preferably used, but are not limited thereto.
- the content of the phosphorescent dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 30 wt%, more preferably 1 to 20 wt% with respect to the host material.
- the phosphorescent dopant material is not particularly limited, and specific examples include the following.
- the fluorescent dopant is not particularly limited.
- benzoxazole derivatives benzothiazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, styrylbenzene derivatives, polyphenyl derivatives, diphenylbutadiene derivatives, tetraphenylbutadiene derivatives, naphthalimide Derivatives, coumarin derivatives, condensed aromatic compounds, perinone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, oxazine derivatives, aldazine derivatives, pyralidine derivatives, cyclopentadiene derivatives, bisstyrylanthracene derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, pyrrolopyridine derivatives, thiadiazopyridine derivatives, styryl Amine derivatives, diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives, aromatic dimethylidine compounds, metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives and pyromethenes Conductor of metal
- Preferred examples include condensed aromatic derivatives, styryl derivatives, diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives, oxazine derivatives, pyromethene metal complexes, transition metal complexes, or lanthanoid complexes, more preferably naphthalene, pyrene, chrysene, triphenylene, benzo [c] phenanthrene.
- the content of the fluorescent light-emitting dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 20%, more preferably 1 to 10% with respect to the host material.
- the thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission dopant is not particularly limited, but a metal complex such as a tin complex or a copper complex, an indolocarbazole derivative described in WO2011 / 070963, Examples include cyanobenzene derivatives, carbazole derivatives described in Nature 2012, 492, 234, phenazine derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, sulfone derivatives, phenoxazine derivatives, acridine derivatives, and the like described in Nature Photonics, 2014, 8, 326.
- the content of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 90%, more preferably 1 to 50% with respect to the host material.
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer for lowering the driving voltage and improving the luminance of light emission.
- the injection layer can be provided as necessary.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material that has a function of transporting electrons and has a remarkably small ability to transport holes. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer can be improved by preventing the above.
- the hole blocking layer preferably contains the material of the present invention, but a known hole blocking layer material can also be used.
- the electron blocking layer has the function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense. By blocking electrons while transporting holes, the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer can be improved. .
- the material for the electron blocking layer a known electron blocking layer material can be used, and the material for the hole transport layer described later can be used as necessary.
- the thickness of the electron blocking layer is preferably 3 to 100 nm, more preferably 5 to 30 nm.
- the exciton blocking layer is a layer for preventing excitons generated by recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer from diffusing into the charge transport layer. It becomes possible to efficiently confine in the light emitting layer, and the light emission efficiency of the device can be improved.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted between two adjacent light emitting layers in an element in which two or more light emitting layers are adjacent.
- a known exciton blocking layer material can be used as the material for the exciton blocking layer.
- Examples thereof include 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene (mCP) and bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) -4-phenylphenolatoaluminum (III) (BAlq).
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- any known compound can be selected and used.
- Examples of such hole transport materials include porphyrin derivatives, arylamine derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives.
- Porphyrin derivatives, arylamine derivatives, and styryl It is preferable to use an amine derivative, and it is more preferable to use an arylamine compound.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- an electron transport material (which may also serve as a hole blocking material), it is sufficient if it has a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- any known compound can be selected and used.
- polycyclic aromatic derivatives such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthroline, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) Derivatives, phosphine oxide derivatives, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyrandioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, benzimidazoles Derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives and the like.
- Conformational search calculation was performed for compounds 300, 122, 337, 338, 335, 339, 019, 600, 161, 181, 160, and compounds 1 to 10 for comparison, which were exemplified as the compounds for organic electroluminescence devices. .
- Conformational search calculation is performed by inputting the atomic coordinates and bonding mode of the structure to be calculated into calculation software called CONFLEX (manufactured by CONFLEX), setting the conformational search range from the local stable structure to 20 kcal / mol, Calculation was performed by a dynamic method (force field: MMFF94s). Table 1 shows the calculation result of the conformation generated by the conformation search calculation. Note that any of the above compounds has a structure in which aromatic rings are linked and does not have a non-aromatic substituent, so that the compound itself has a skeleton structure that does not contain a substituent.
- the compound numbers correspond to the numbers given to the above exemplified compounds and the numbers given to the following compounds for comparison.
- Table 1 shows the results of a solubility test in toluene for the above compounds.
- toluene was added so that each compound would be 1 wt%, and it was judged by the presence or absence of undissolved matter after ultrasonically stirring it in a water bath at a water temperature of 40 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- A means no undissolved residue and B means undissolved residue.
- Example 12 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum evaporation method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 25 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 30 nm.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- the compound 300 as a host and Ir (ppy) 3 as a light emitting dopant were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources, and a light emitting layer was formed to a thickness of 40 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 10 wt%.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 20 nm as an electron transport layer.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- aluminum (Al) was formed as a cathode to a thickness of 70 nm on the electron injection layer, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Example 12 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 except that any one of Compounds 122, 019, 600, 161, 181, and 160 was used as the host.
- Example 12 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 except that any one of Compounds 1, 2, or 3 was used as the host.
- Table 2 shows the luminance, driving voltage, and luminance half-life of the produced organic EL device.
- voltage, brightness, current efficiency, and power efficiency are values at a drive current of 20 mA / cm 2 , which are initial characteristics.
- LT90 is the time required for the luminance to decay to 90% of the initial luminance at the initial luminance of 9000 cd / m 2 , and is a life characteristic. Note that all the characteristics (voltage, luminance, LT90) are expressed as relative values with the characteristics of the reference comparative example (comparative example 11 in Table 2) as 100%.
- Example 19 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum evaporation method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 25 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 30 nm.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- compound 338 as a host and Ir (ppy) 3 as a light emitting dopant were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 40 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 10 wt%.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 20 nm as an electron transport layer.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- aluminum (Al) was formed as a cathode to a thickness of 70 nm on the electron injection layer, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Example 20 and Comparative Examples 14 to 15 In Example 19, an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 19 except that any one of Compound 337, Compound 4, and Compound 5 was used as the host.
- Table 3 shows the characteristics of the fabricated organic EL elements.
- the reference comparative example is Comparative Example 14.
- Example 21 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum evaporation method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 25 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 30 nm.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- compound 335 as a host and Ir (ppy) 3 as a light emitting dopant were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 40 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 10 wt%.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 20 nm as an electron transport layer.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- aluminum (Al) was formed as a cathode to a thickness of 70 nm on the electron injection layer, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Example 21 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 21 except that Compound 6 was used as the host.
- Table 4 shows the characteristics of the fabricated organic EL elements.
- the reference comparative example is Comparative Example 16.
- Example 22 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum evaporation method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 25 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 30 nm.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- the compound 339 as a host and Ir (ppy) 3 as a light emitting dopant were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 40 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 10 wt%.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 20 nm as an electron transport layer.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- aluminum (Al) was formed as a cathode to a thickness of 70 nm on the electron injection layer, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Comparative Example 17 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 22 except that Compound 7 was used as the host in Example 22.
- Table 5 shows the characteristics of the fabricated organic EL elements.
- the reference comparative example is Comparative Example 17.
- Example 27 Solvent-cleaned, UV ozone-treated glass substrate with ITO having a film thickness of 150 nm, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT / PSS) as a hole injection layer: (HCC Stark) Co., Ltd., trade name: Clevios PCH8000) was formed to a film thickness of 25 nm.
- PEDOT / PSS polystyrene sulfonic acid
- the solvent was removed with a hot plate at 150 ° C.
- thermosetting film is a film having a crosslinked structure and is insoluble in a solvent.
- This thermosetting film is a hole transport layer (HTL).
- HTL hole transport layer
- Alq 3 was formed to a thickness of 35 nm
- LiF / Al was formed to a thickness of 170 nm as a cathode
- this element was sealed in a glove box to produce an organic electroluminescent element.
- Example 28 Comparative Example 20 In Example 27, an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 27 except that Compound 160, 122, or 1 was used as the host.
- Table 6 shows the characteristics of the fabricated organic EL elements.
- the reference comparative example is Comparative Example 20.
- Examples 35 to 36, Comparative Examples 22 to 23 An organic thin film was formed by depositing any one of the compounds 300 and 122, which are the materials for an organic electroluminescent element of the present invention, and the comparative compounds 1 and 2 on a silicon substrate by a vacuum deposition method. The substrate on which this organic thin film was formed was heated at the glass transition temperature of the material for 24 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then amorphous stability was determined by visual observation of the thin film and measurement of out-of-plane X-ray diffraction. Evaluated.
- Table 7 shows the results of amorphous stability evaluated in Examples 35 to 36 and Comparative Examples 22 to 23.
- C indicates crystallization and A indicates no crystallization.
- XRD measurement result after the heating of Example 35 and Comparative Example 22 is shown in FIG.
- Example 35 is indicated by a solid line
- Comparative Example 22 is indicated by a dotted line.
- the organic electroluminescence device using the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention has excellent light emission characteristics and excellent life characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、燐光発光型の有機EL素子に関しては、長寿命化が技術的な課題となっている。
一方で特許文献2では、TADF(Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence)機構を利用した有機EL素子が開示されている。TADF機構は一重項準位と三重項準位のエネルギー差が小さい材料において三重項励起子から一重項励起子への逆項間交差が生じる現象を利用するものであり、理論上内部量子効率を100%まで高められると考えられている。しかしながら燐光発光型素子と同様に寿命特性の更なる改善が求められている。
しかしながら、いずれも十分なものとは言えず、更なる改良が望まれている。また、特定の範囲の立体配座数を持つ化合物を、有機電界発光素子用材料とすることを教えるものはない。
ここで、Arは独立に、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~24の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~10連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示す。HetArは、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~24の芳香族複素環基を示す。zは2~5の整数を示す。
ここで、環Aは2つの隣接環の任意の位置で縮合する式(A2)で表される芳香環を示す。環Bは2つの隣接環の任意の位置で縮合する式(B2)で表される含窒素五員環を示す。
Lは、独立に式(c2)で表される置換若しくは未置換の芳香族基又は連結芳香族基であり、Ar1~Ar7はそれぞれ独立に、Ar1、Ar3及びAr5は2価の、Ar2はi+1価の、Ar4はh+1価の、Ar6はg+1価の、Ar7は1価の炭素数6~24の芳香族炭化水素基、又は炭素数3~16の芳香族複素環基を示し、これらの芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基は、それぞれ独立に置換基Qを有してもよく、置換基を有する場合の置換基Qは、重水素、ハロゲン、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数7~38のアラルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数2~40のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数12~44のジアリールアミノ基、炭素数14~76のジアラルキルアミノ基、炭素数2~20のアシル基、炭素数2~20のアシルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホニル基、又はこれらの炭化水素基中の水素原子が重水素、又はハロゲンで置換された基である。
R1~R3は、それぞれ独立に、置換基Q、又はLを示す。
Lのうち少なくとも1つはAr2~Ar7の総数が4以上である。
a、b、cは置換数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~2の整数を示す。d、e、fは繰り返し数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示す。g、h、iは置換数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示す。
ここで、環Cは2つの隣接環の任意の位置で縮合する式(C3)で表される芳香環を示す。環Dは2つの隣接環の任意の位置で縮合する式(D3)で表される含窒素五員環を示す。Lは一般式(2)と同意であり、少なくとも一つのLにおけるAr2は、i+1価の置換又は未置換の炭素数3~9の芳香族複素環基を示す。
ここで、Ar1、Ar3~Ar7、d~iは、式(c2)と同意であり、Xはそれぞれ独立してCH、C-又は窒素を表し、Xのうち少なくとも一つは窒素を表す。
40℃におけるトルエンへの溶解度が1%以上である上記の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
他の態様は、上記の有機電界発光素子用化合物の少なくとも1種を含む有機電界発光素子用材料である。
他の態様は、上記の有機電界発光素子用材料からなる有機層を含む有機電界発光素子である。
他の態様は、上記の有機電界発光素子用材料を、溶媒に溶解又は分散してなる有機電界発光素子用組成物である。
他の態様は、上記の有機電界発光素子用組成物の塗膜からなる有機層を含む有機電界発光素子である。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用化合物が、インドロカルバゾール骨格を有する化合物である場合は、酸化、還元、励起子の活性状態での安定性が高く、かつ耐熱性の高い有機電界発光素子用材料となり、これから形成された有機薄膜を用いた有機電界発光素子は、高い発光効率及び駆動安定性を示す。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用材料が、本発明の有機電界発光素子用化合物を少なくとも1種含む混合物である場合は、混合物を同一の有機電界発光素子層に用いることで、層内の正孔と電子のキャリアバランスを調整することが可能となり、より高性能な有機EL素子を実現できる。
加えて、本発明の有機電界発光素子用材料は、前述したように様々な立体構造をとりうるため、分子間のパッキングが弱く、有機溶剤への溶解性が高い。そのため、この材料は塗布プロセスにも適応可能である。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用化合物は、置換基を含まない芳香族炭化水素基及び芳香族複素環基の連結のみの骨格構造の分子量が500以上1500以下であり、当該骨格構造の配座探索計算により生成される立体配座の数が9~100000個となる構造を有し、上記一般式(1)で示される。
Lは、独立に式(c2)で表される。Ar1~Ar7はそれぞれ独立に、炭素数6~24の芳香族炭化水素基、又は炭素数3~16の芳香族複素環基を示し、これらの芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基は、それぞれ独立に置換されていてもよく、その場合の置換基Qは重水素、ハロゲン、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数7~38のアラルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数2~40のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数12~44のジアリールアミノ基、炭素数14~76のジアラルキルアミノ基、炭素数2~20のアシル基、炭素数2~20のアシルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホニル基、又はこれらの炭化水素基中の水素原子が重水素、又はハロゲンで置換された基を示す。
R1~R3は、それぞれ独立に、上記置換基Q、又はLを示す。 Lは2以上存在し得るが、そのうち少なくとも1つは、Lに含まれるAr2~Ar7の総数が4以上である。a、b、cは置換数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~2の整数を示す。d、e、fは繰り返し数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示す。g、h、iは置換数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示す。Ar2~Ar7の総数は、式(c2)中のe、f、g、h、iの数から算出可能である。
ここでnは、Ar2~Ar7の総数から4を引いた整数であるが、このときnは1~7が好ましく、2~5であることがより好ましい。ここで、上記Ar2~Ar7の総数は、一般式(2)は、Lが2つ以上あるので、各LについてのAr2~Ar7の総数の合計であると解される。
d、e、fは繰り返し数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示すが、好ましくは0~4の整数であり、より好ましくは0~3の整数である。
g、h、iは置換数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示すが、好ましくは0~4の整数であり、より好ましくは0~2の整数である。また、d、iのいずれかは1以上の整数であることがよい。
一般式(2)又は一般式(3)におけるAr1、Ar3~Ar7が炭素数6の芳香族炭化水素基であることが好ましく、Ar1~Ar7の数の合計が6以上10以下であることが好ましい。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については特に制限はなく、従来から有機電界発光素子に用いられているものであれば良く、例えばガラス、透明プラスチック、石英等からなるものを用いることができる。
有機電界発光素子における陽極材料としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が好ましく用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等の非晶質で、透明導電膜を作成可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成しても良く、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合(100μm以上程度)は、上記電極材料の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは有機導電性化合物のような塗布可能な物質を用いる場合には印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極材料としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム―カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えばマグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの陰極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機電界発光素子の陽極又は陰極のいずれか一方が透明又は半透明であれば発光輝度は向上し、好都合である。
発光層は陽極及び陰極のそれぞれから注入された正孔及び電子が再結合することにより励起子が生成した後、発光する層であり発光層には発光性ドーパント材料とホスト材料を含む。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有し、電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が著しく小さい正孔阻止材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
電子阻止層とは広い意味では正孔輸送層の機能を有し、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は2つ以上の発光層が隣接する素子において、隣接する2つの発光層の間に挿入することができる。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、電子輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。そして、ホストとして化合物300を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が10wt%となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に、電子輸送層としてET-1を20nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例12において、ホストとして化合物122、019、600、161、181、又は160のいずれかを用いた以外は実施例12と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例12において、ホストとして化合物1、2、又は3のいずれかを用いた以外は実施例12と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
表2~7において、電圧、輝度、電流効率、電力効率は駆動電流20mA/cm2時の値であり、初期特性である。LT90は、初期輝度9000cd/m2時に輝度が初期輝度の90%まで減衰するまでにかかる時間であり、寿命特性である。なお、いずれの特性(電圧、輝度、LT90)も、基準比較例(表2では比較例11)の特性を100%とした相対値で表記してある。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。そして、ホストとして化合物338を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が10wt%となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に、電子輸送層としてET-1を20nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例19において、ホストとして化合物337、化合物4、化合物5のいずれかをを用いた以外は実施例19と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。そして、ホストとして化合物335を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が10wt%となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に、電子輸送層としてET-1を20nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例21において、ホストとして化合物6を用いた以外は実施例21と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。そして、ホストとして化合物339を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が10wt%となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に、電子輸送層としてET-1を20nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例22において、ホストとして化合物7を用いた以外は実施例22と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
溶媒洗浄、UVオゾン処理した膜厚150nmからなるITO付ガラス基板に、正孔注入層としてポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリスチレンスルホン酸(PEDOT/PSS):(エイチ・シー・シュタルク株式会社製、商品名:クレビオスPCH8000)を膜厚25nmで製膜した。次に、HT-2:BBPPA=5:5(モル比)の比率で混合した混合物をテトラヒドロフランに溶解して0.4wt%溶液に調製し、スピンコート法により20nm製膜した。次に、嫌気条件下150℃、1時間ホットプレートで溶媒除去し、加熱、硬化を行った。この熱硬化膜は、架橋構造を有している膜であり、溶剤に不溶である。この熱硬化膜は、正孔輸送層(HTL)である。そしてホストとして化合物300を発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3を用い、ホスト:ドーパントの比が95:5(重量比)となるトルエン溶液(1.0wt%)を調製し、スピンコート法により発光層として40nmを製膜した。その後、真空蒸着装置を用いて、Alq3を35nm、陰極としてLiF/Alを膜厚170nmで製膜し、この素子をグローブボックス内で封止することにより有機電界発光素子を作製した。
実施例27において、ホストとして化合物160、122、又は1を用いた以外は実施例27と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用材料である化合物300と122、及び比較の化合物1と2のいずれかをシリコン基板上へ真空蒸着法により成膜することで、有機薄膜を形成した。この有機薄膜を形成した基板を、窒素雰囲気下にて材料のガラス転移温度で24時間加熱した後、薄膜の目視観察及び面外(out-of-plane)X線回折の測定により、アモルファス安定性を評価した。
Claims (20)
- 一般式(2)で示され、配座探索計算により生成される立体配座の数が4×2n個より大きく4×4n+1個以下(ここで、nはAr2~Ar7の総数から4を引いた整数である)であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
ここで、環Aは2つの隣接環の任意の位置で縮合する式(A2)で表される芳香環を示す。環Bは2つの隣接環の任意の位置で縮合する式(B2)で表される含窒素五員環を示す。
Lは、独立に式(c2)で表される置換若しくは未置換の芳香族基又は連結芳香族基であり、Ar1~Ar7はそれぞれ独立に、Ar1、Ar3及びAr5は2価の、Ar2はi+1価の、Ar4はh+1価の、Ar6はg+1価の、Ar7は1価の炭素数6~24の芳香族炭化水素基、又は炭素数3~16の芳香族複素環基を示し、これらの芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基は、それぞれ独立に置換基Qを有してもよく、置換基を有する場合の置換基Qは、重水素、ハロゲン、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数7~38のアラルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数2~40のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数12~44のジアリールアミノ基、炭素数14~76のジアラルキルアミノ基、炭素数2~20のアシル基、炭素数2~20のアシルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホニル基、又はこれらの炭化水素基中の水素原子が重水素、又はハロゲンで置換された基である。
R1~R3は、それぞれ独立に、置換基Q、又はLを示す。
Lのうち少なくとも1つはAr2~Ar7の総数が4以上である。
a、b、cは置換数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~2の整数を示す。d、e、fは繰り返し数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示す。g、h、iは置換数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示す。 - 一般式(2)における全てのLに含まれるAr1~Ar7の数の合計が6以上10以下である請求項2に記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
- 一般式(3)におけるL中のiが2~4であり、そのi個の置換基がそれぞれ異なる請求項5に記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
- 式(4)で示される部分構造を2つ以上有する請求項7に記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
- 一般式(3)におけるLの何れか一つが式(c5)で表される基以外の基L2であって、基L2を構成するAr2~Ar7の何れかに、式(4)で示される部分構造を少なくとも1つ有する請求項7に記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
- 一般式(3)におけるLを構成するAr1、Ar3~Ar7が炭素数6の芳香族炭化水素基である請求項5に記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
- 一般式(3)におけるLの少なくとも一つが式(c5)であって、式(c5)中のAr3~Ar7に、式(5)で示される部分構造を少なくとも1つ有する請求項10に記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
- 40℃におけるトルエンへの溶解度が1%以上である請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
- 請求項1~13のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物の少なくとも1種を含む有機電界発光素子用材料。
- 請求項14に記載の有機電界発光素子用材料からなる有機層を含む有機電界発光素子。
- 請求項14に記載の有機電界発光素子用材料を、溶媒に溶解又は分散してなる有機電界発光素子用組成物。
- 請求項16に記載の有機電界発光素子用組成物の塗膜からなる有機層を含む有機電界発光素子。
- 前記有機層が、発光層、正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、正孔阻止層及び電子阻止層から選ばれる少なくとも一つの層である請求項17に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 有機層が発光層であることを特徴とする請求項18に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記発光層に発光性ドーパント材料を含有することを特徴とする請求項19に記載の有機電界発光素子。
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WO2020203202A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR102498770B1 (ko) | 2023-02-10 |
JPWO2018123783A1 (ja) | 2019-10-31 |
KR102628129B1 (ko) | 2024-01-23 |
KR20190097009A (ko) | 2019-08-20 |
JP7502845B2 (ja) | 2024-06-19 |
JP2024052784A (ja) | 2024-04-12 |
TW201831652A (zh) | 2018-09-01 |
KR20230024436A (ko) | 2023-02-20 |
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