WO2018151313A1 - 焼結材料、接続構造体、複合粒子、接合用組成物及び焼結材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
焼結材料、接続構造体、複合粒子、接合用組成物及び焼結材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018151313A1 WO2018151313A1 PCT/JP2018/005923 JP2018005923W WO2018151313A1 WO 2018151313 A1 WO2018151313 A1 WO 2018151313A1 JP 2018005923 W JP2018005923 W JP 2018005923W WO 2018151313 A1 WO2018151313 A1 WO 2018151313A1
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- sintered material
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- metal
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- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/058—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder by reaction sintering (i.e. gasless reaction starting from a mixture of solid metal compounds)
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sintered material, a connection structure having the sintered material in a connection portion, composite particles, a bonding composition, and a method for producing the sintered material.
- connection member is used to fix a semiconductor element in a non-insulated semiconductor device (connection structure) which is one of power semiconductor devices (power devices) used for an inverter or the like.
- a connection member can be formed from, for example, a curable adhesive or a sinterable material, and can be one of the electrodes of the semiconductor device depending on the type of material of the adhesive member.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose using a sintered material with adjusted porosity as a connection member for fixing a semiconductor element. By applying such a sintered material as a connection member of a semiconductor element, heat dissipation and bonding strength can be ensured.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and manufactures a sintered material excellent in both the effect of relaxing thermal stress and the bonding strength, a connection structure including the sintered material, composite particles, and a sintered material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a bonding composition and a method for producing a sintered material.
- the present inventors achieved the above object by controlling the distribution state of relaxation parts (holes, etc.) that exert a stress relaxation action in the sintered material.
- the present inventors have found that this can be done and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention includes, for example, the inventions described in the following sections.
- Item 1 In sintered materials, A base, a buffer, and a filler;
- the base is a sintered metal body,
- the buffer part and the filling part are dispersed in the base part,
- the buffer portion is formed of at least one of a hole and a material that is not the same as the sintered body,
- the filling portion is formed of at least one of particles and fibers,
- a base In sintered materials, A base, a buffer, and a filler;
- the base is a sintered metal body,
- the buffer part and the filling part are dispersed in the base part,
- the buffer portion is formed of at least one of a hole and a material that is not the same as the sintered body,
- the filling portion is formed of at least one of particles and fibers,
- a sintered material having a value of A of 0.2 or more, where A is a kurtosis of the volume distribution of the base in the three-dimensional image of the sintered material.
- Item 3. Item 2. The sintered material according to Item 1, wherein the AB value is 0.1 or more.
- Item 4. Item 4.
- Item 5. The sintered material according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein a closest distance between the filled portions is 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- Item 6. The sintered material according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the base portion is distributed so as to have orientation in a one-dimensional direction.
- Item 7. Item 7. A connection structure having the sintered material according to any one of Items 1 to 6 at a connection part.
- Item 8 is used to form a filled portion of the sintered material according to any one of Items 1 to 7, and a structure in which a colloidal catalyst or a sintering accelerator is arranged on the base particle, or a metal on the base particle Composite particles having a structure in which parts are coated.
- a bonding composition comprising a composite having a structure in which a colloidal catalyst or a sintering accelerator is disposed on a substrate, or a composite having a structure in which a metal part is coated on a substrate, and metal particles
- the kurtosis of the volume distribution of the base in the three-dimensional image of the sintered material of the bonding composition is A
- the kurtosis of the volume distribution of the base in the three-dimensional image of the sintered material of the bonding composition from which the composite is removed A bonding composition satisfying A> B when B is satisfied.
- a bonding composition comprising a composite having a structure in which a colloidal catalyst or a sintering accelerator is disposed on a substrate, or a composite having a structure in which a metal part is coated on a substrate, and metal particles
- a bonding composition having a value of A of 0.2 or more, where A is a kurtosis of a volume distribution of a base in a three-dimensional image of a sintered material of the bonding composition.
- the sintered material according to the present invention is excellent in both thermal stress relaxation action and bonding strength. For this reason, the sintered material which concerns on this invention is suitable as a joining member for joining a semiconductor element, for example.
- the composite particle according to the present invention can be suitably used as a raw material for obtaining the sintered material, and is particularly suitable as a raw material used for forming a filling portion of the sintered material.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of embodiment of the sintered material of this invention, and shows the cross section.
- (A) is a three-dimensional image obtained in Example 1
- (b) is a diagram for explaining one of the 125 fractions of the sintered material.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a cross section of the sintered material of the present invention.
- the sintered material means a product formed by sintering.
- the sintered material of the present embodiment includes a base 1, a buffer 2, and a filler 3. As shown in FIG. 1, the buffer portion 2 and the filling portion 3 are dispersed in the base portion 1. In addition, although it is only a cautionary note, you may express that the buffer part 2 and the filling part 3 are disperse
- the base portion 1 is a sintered metal body and is a portion that becomes a base material of the sintered material.
- the buffer portion 2 is formed of at least one of a hole and a material that is not the same as the sintered body.
- the sintered material has pores, but the sintered material of the present invention may have pores, and some or all of the pores are not the same as the sintered body. In some cases, the material is filled.
- the buffer portion 2 present in the sintered material can be formed only with pores. Or the buffer part 2 which exists in a sintered material may be formed only with the material which is not the same as the said sintered compact.
- the sintered material can also have both the buffer part 2 formed with a void
- the filling part 3 is formed of at least one of particles and fibers.
- a plurality of filling portions 3 are formed in the sintered material. There may be an embodiment in which a part of the plurality of filling portions 3 is formed of particles and the rest are formed of fibers.
- the plurality of filled portions 3 can be scattered in the sintered material independently without being agglomerated, or a part can be agglomerated. From the viewpoint that the buffer portion 2 is likely to be dispersed and present, it is preferable that the filling portion 3 is uniformly dispersed without being aggregated and present in the sintered material.
- the filling portion 3 exists so that a part or the whole of the surface is in contact with the base portion 1 (sintered body).
- the filling portion 3 and the sintered body of the base portion 1 can be brought into contact with each other by chemical bonding, for example.
- the type of such chemical bond is not limited.
- the chemical bond can be a metal bond.
- the metal and the metal which comprises the base 1 may form the solid solution.
- the sintered material of the present invention may have a structure as shown in FIG.
- the sintered material of the present invention can be classified into the following two types of forms.
- the two types of sintered materials are referred to as a first embodiment and a second embodiment, respectively.
- the value of A is 0.2 or more.
- a three-dimensional image of the sintered material can be obtained by observing a cross section of the sintered material with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analyzing it with commercially available three-dimensional image analysis software.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the sintered material is cut at a plurality of locations, and each cross section is observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- This cutting is performed with a fine interval, and in detail, is appropriately set according to the size of the buffer portion 2 and the filling portion 3 of the sintered material. As the interval is smaller, an accurate three-dimensional image is obtained.
- interval is 400 nm or less, More preferably, it is 200 nm or less.
- the FIB-SEM method using “Helios 660” manufactured by FEI is used to photograph each cross section of the sintered material as described above, and the obtained SEM image is obtained as a three-dimensional image.
- a three-dimensional image can be obtained by reconstructing the image with the above software. The reconstruction of the three-dimensional image can be performed using software such as “AVIZO” manufactured by FEI.
- the kurtosis A of the volume distribution of the base 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as “kurtosis A”) can be measured by the following procedure.
- a volume distribution is created based on the volume of the base 1 of each of the 125 fractions, and the kurtosis A is calculated from the volume distribution.
- the volume distribution and the kurtosis A can be calculated using commercially available calculation software, for example, “Excel2013” manufactured by Microsoft Corporation.
- the kurtosis (kurtosis A) of the volume distribution of the base 1 in the three-dimensional image of the sintered material can be measured.
- the kurtosis is defined as “kurtosis” by a ratio of the fourth-order moment ⁇ 4 around the average value to the fourth power of the standard deviation ⁇ 4 / ⁇ 4 .
- the kurtosis is an index representing the probability density function of the random variable and the sharpness of the frequency distribution. If the kurtosis is large, the distribution has a sharp peak and a long and thick tail compared to the normal distribution, and if the kurtosis is small, the distribution has a rounder peak and a short, narrow tail than the normal distribution.
- the kurtosis B of the volume distribution of the base portion 1 (hereinafter simply abbreviated as “kurtosis B”) in the three-dimensional image of the sintered material from which the filling portion 3 is removed can also be measured based on the three-dimensional image. it can.
- the “sintered material from which the filling portion 3 is removed” means a sintered material from which only the filling portion 3 is removed in the sintered material for measuring the kurtosis A. Therefore, the sintered material for measuring the kurtosis A and the sintered material for measuring the kurtosis B are the same except that the filling portion 3 does not exist.
- the kurtosis B can also be measured by the same procedure as that for measuring the kurtosis A. That is, it is possible to acquire a three-dimensional image of the sintered material, fractionate the three-dimensional image into 125, and measure the kurtosis B of the base 1 from the volume distribution of the base 1 of each fraction.
- the kurtosis A is greater than the kurtosis B.
- the sintered material having the filling portion 3 has a more uniform volume distribution of the base 1 than the sintered material having no filling portion 3. That is, the sintered material including the filling portion 3 has a more uniform volume distribution of the base 1 than the sintered material not including the filling portion 3, and the size of the buffer portion 2 is monodispersed. be able to.
- the present inventors have found that the base part and the filling part have a chemical bond, so that a relaxation action against thermal stress is likely to occur.
- the bonding strength of the sintered material means the bonding strength between the sintered material and the bonding member when the sintered material is used for bonding a target member such as a semiconductor element. .
- the filling portion 3 formed of a specific material and dispersed in the sintered body (base portion 1) disperses the buffer portion 2 with a uniform volume distribution. That is, it is considered that the filling unit 3 has an action capable of adjusting the distribution of the buffer unit 2.
- the value of the kurtosis A is 0.2 or more, preferably 0.3 or more, more preferably 0.4 or more, and particularly preferably 0.5 or more. It is. In this case, both the thermal stress and the bonding strength of the sintered material are further improved.
- the upper limit of the kurtosis A value is preferably as large as possible, but is usually 125.
- the content of the filling portion 3 is preferably 0.01 wt% or more and 10 wt% or less with respect to the total weight of the sintered material. In this case, the kurtosis A is easily increased, and both the thermal stress relaxation action and the bonding strength of the sintered material are further improved.
- the content of the filling part 3 is more preferably 5% by weight or less with respect to the total weight of the sintered material.
- the closest distance between the filled portions 3 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the value of the kurtosis A can be increased, and both the thermal stress relaxation action and the bonding strength of the sintered material are further improved.
- the closest distance between the filling portions 3 is determined by selecting 50 pairs of adjacent filling portions 3 from the three-dimensional image obtained by the same method as described above, and measuring the distance between the outermost layers, respectively. 10 sets are selected in order from the shortest distance, and the 10 sets of distances are averaged.
- “AVIZO” manufactured by FEI can be used to measure the distance between the outermost layers of the pair of filling portions 3.
- the base portions 1 are distributed so as to have orientation in a one-dimensional direction.
- both the thermal stress relaxation action and the bonding strength of the sintered material are further improved, and the thermal stress relaxation action and the bonding strength in the direction orthogonal to the one-dimensional direction are easily improved.
- the direction orthogonal to the one-dimensional direction refers to, for example, a direction orthogonal to one direction on the surface of the sintered material.
- the type of the metal sintered body forming the base 1 is not particularly limited.
- the metal which forms a sintered compact can be made to be the same as the well-known metal used in order to form a sintered compact.
- the buffer portion 2 is more easily dispersed more uniformly.
- the type of the material is not particularly limited.
- examples of the material forming the buffer portion 2 include metals, resins, organic substances, inorganic substances, glasses, and ceramics.
- the buffer part 2 is a metal, it means that it is a different kind of metal element from the metal constituting the sintered body.
- resin, organic substance (except resin), inorganic substance, glass, ceramics, etc. are preferable.
- the buffer portion 2 is preferably a hole from the viewpoint that the sintered material can be easily manufactured and the sintered material can be reduced in weight.
- the type of particles is not particularly limited.
- the particles include resin particles, inorganic particles excluding metal particles, organic-inorganic hybrid particles, and metal particles.
- the filling portion 3 When the filling portion 3 is formed of the composite, the affinity between the filling portion 3 and the base portion 1 that is a sintered body is obtained due to the colloidal catalyst, the sintering accelerator, or the metal portion present on the surface of the composite. In particular, chemical bonding between the filling portion 3 and the base portion 1 that is a sintered body is likely to occur. Thereby, the filling part 3 tends to disperse
- the composite is particularly preferably a composite particle.
- the base material examples include resins, inorganic substances other than metals, and organic-inorganic hybrid resins.
- the substrate is the substrate particle, examples thereof include resin particles, inorganic particles excluding metal particles, organic-inorganic hybrid particles, and metal particles.
- the substrate particles are preferably resin particles, inorganic particles other than metal particles, or organic-inorganic hybrid particles.
- the substrate or the substrate particle is a resin
- various organic substances are suitably used.
- examples of such materials include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, silicone resin, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyisobutylene, and polybutadiene; acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate and polymethyl acrylate; and polyalkylene terephthalate.
- the substrate is resin particles
- it can also be obtained by polymerizing one or more of various polymerizable monomers having an ethylenically unsaturated group.
- the material of the resin particles is preferably a polymer obtained by polymerizing one or more polymerizable monomers having a plurality of ethylenically unsaturated groups.
- the monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group may be a non-crosslinkable monomer and / or a crosslinkable monomer.
- (meth) acryl means one or both of “acryl” and “methacryl”
- (meth) acrylate means one or both of “acrylate” and “methacrylate”. means.
- non-crosslinkable monomer examples include, as vinyl compounds, styrene monomers such as styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, chlorostyrene; methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, propyl vinyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diester.
- Vinyl ethers such as vinyl ether, cyclohexanedimethanol divinyl ether, diethylene glycol divinyl ether; acid vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl laurate, and vinyl stearate; halogen-containing monomers such as vinyl chloride and vinyl fluoride ; (Meth) acrylic compounds such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) ) Acrylate, cetyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, alkyl (meth) acrylates such as isobornyl (meth) acrylate; 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, glycerol (meth) acryl
- crosslinkable monomer examples include vinyl monomers such as vinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene, 1,4-divinyloxybutane and divinylsulfone; (meth) acrylic compounds such as tetramethylolmethanetetra ( (Meth) acrylate, tetramethylolmethane tri (meth) acrylate, tetramethylolmethane di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, glycerol Tri (meth) acrylate, glycerol di (meth) acrylate, (poly) ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, (poly) propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, (poly) tetramethyleneglycol Polyfunctional (meth) acrylates
- crosslinkable and non-crosslinkable monomers are not limited to the monomers listed above, but may be other polymerizable monomers, for example, known polymerizable monomers.
- the resin particles can be obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group by a known method. Examples of this method include suspension polymerization in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, and polymerization by swelling monomers together with a radical polymerization initiator using non-crosslinked seed particles (so-called seed weight). Legal).
- the conditions for these polymerization methods are not particularly limited, and can be known conditions.
- the substrate is an inorganic or organic-inorganic hybrid resin excluding metal particles
- examples of the inorganic material that is a material of the substrate include silica and carbon black. This inorganic substance is preferably not a metal.
- the silica is not particularly limited. For example, particles obtained by hydrolyzing a silicon compound having two or more hydrolyzable alkoxysilyl groups to form crosslinked polymer particles, and then firing as necessary. Is mentioned.
- the organic-inorganic hybrid resin include organic-inorganic hybrid particles formed from a crosslinked alkoxysilyl polymer and an acrylic resin. When it is a base particle, it can be set as the inorganic particle or organic-inorganic hybrid resin particle except a metal particle.
- the base material include a resin containing polyrotaxane.
- the polyrotaxane refers to a structure in which a chain polymer is formed through an opening of a cyclic molecule.
- the kind of polyrotaxane is not specifically limited, For example, a well-known polyrotaxane is mentioned. If it is a base particle, it can be set as the particle
- the polyrotaxane is preferably a crosslinked product.
- a structure in which a cyclic molecule in a polyrotaxane and a cyclic molecule in another polyrotaxane are crosslinked with a polymer chain is preferable.
- the flexibility of the base material is increased, so that the stress relaxation effect is easily exhibited, and thus, when the sintered material is applied to the connection structure, cracks and warping of the connection structure are caused. It becomes easy to suppress the occurrence.
- the kind is not specifically limited, For example, a well-known crosslinked polyrotaxane is mentioned.
- the polyrotaxane can be produced by, for example, a known method.
- a polyrotaxane having a crosslinked structure is produced by reacting a polyrotaxane having a cyclic molecule having a polymerizable functional group with a mixture of a polymerizable monomer. This reaction can be performed by, for example, a known method.
- the type of polyrotaxane having a cyclic molecule having a polymerizable functional group is not particularly limited. Specific examples include “Celum (registered trademark) Superpolymer SM3405P”, “Celum (registered trademark) Key Mixture SM3400C”, and “Celum (registered trademark)” commercially available from Advanced Soft Materials, Inc.
- the average particle diameter of the base particles can be set to 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 50 or less, for example, from the viewpoint of ensuring excellent dispersibility of the filling portion 3 in the sintered material.
- the average particle diameter of the substrate particles is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the above-mentioned average particle diameter of the base particles means the diameter when the shape is a true sphere, and means the average value of the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter when the shape is a shape other than the true sphere.
- the average particle diameter of the substrate particles means an average value obtained by observing the substrate particles with a scanning electron microscope and measuring the particle diameters of 50 randomly selected substrate particles with calipers.
- covered with another material as mentioned above also includes the coating layer.
- the coefficient of variation (CV value) of the particle diameter of the substrate particles is, for example, 50% or less.
- the coefficient of variation (CV value) is expressed by the following equation.
- CV value (%) ( ⁇ / Dn) ⁇ 100 ⁇ : standard deviation of particle diameter of particle Dn: average value of particle diameter of particle.
- the CV value of the base particles is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 30% or less, from the viewpoint that the buffer part 2 is easily monodispersed.
- the lower limit of the CV value of the particle diameter of the substrate particles is not particularly limited.
- the CV value may be 0% or more, 5% or more, 7% or more, or 10% or more.
- the hardness of the substrate particles can be, for example, 10 N / mm 2 or more and 3000 N / mm 2 or less.
- the 10% K value is preferably 100 N / mm 2 or more, more preferably 1000 N / mm 2 or more, preferably 2500 N / mm. 2 or less, particularly preferably 2000 N / mm 2 or less.
- the 10% K value referred to here is a compression elastic modulus when the substrate particles are compressed by 10%. It can be measured as follows. First, using a micro-compression tester, base material particles are compressed under a condition that a smooth tester end face of a cylinder (diameter 50 ⁇ m, made of diamond) is loaded at 25 ° C. and a maximum test load 20 mN over 60 seconds. The load value (N) and compression displacement (mm) at this time are measured. From the measured value obtained, the compression elastic modulus can be obtained by the following formula.
- Examples of the sintering accelerator or colloidal catalyst include fine metal particles and flux components.
- the oxide film on the surface of the sintered body is removed during the sintering process by the flux component arranged on the base particle, and the sintering reaction is promoted on the surface of the base particle, so that the contact area between the base particle and the sintered body is increased. Becomes larger.
- the type of base material is the same as that of the composite having a structure in which a colloidal catalyst or a sintering accelerator is arranged on the base material.
- the substrate may be substrate particles.
- the metal part is formed of a material containing metal.
- the metal include gold, silver, tin, copper, copper, germanium, indium, palladium, tellurium, thallium, bismuth, zinc, arsenic, selenium, iron, lead, ruthenium, aluminum, cobalt, titanium, antimony, and cadmium. , Silicon, nickel, chromium, platinum, rhodium and the like.
- the metal part may be any one of these metals, or may include two or more. Further, the metal part may be an alloy of two or more metals among the metals exemplified above.
- the metal part may be formed in a layer shape so as to cover the base material, for example.
- the metal part may be formed of one layer or may be formed of a plurality of layers.
- the thickness of the metal part can be, for example, 0.5 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more, and can be 10 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 500 nm or less, and particularly preferably 300 nm or less.
- the composite particles as the filling part 3 can be more uniformly dispersed in the base part 1 and the buffer part 2 can be more uniformly dispersed. .
- the metal part may have a plurality of protrusions on the outer surface.
- the protrusion can be formed by a known method, for example.
- the shape and size of the protrusion are not particularly limited.
- the cross-section of the protrusion may be spherical or elliptical, or may be formed in a needle shape that becomes sharper toward the protrusion tip.
- the average height of the protrusions can be 1 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 50 nm or more, preferably 900 nm or less, more preferably 500 nm or less.
- the composite for example, composite particles
- the composite particles can easily come into contact with the base portion 1 that is a sintered body.
- the average diameter of the bottom surface of the protrusion can be 3 nm or more and 5000 nm or less, preferably 50 nm or more, more preferably 80 nm or more, preferably 1000 nm or less, more preferably 500 nm or less.
- the average diameter of the bottom surface of the protrusion here is the same as the measurement method of the average height of the protrusion described above, and each of the 20 composite particle protrusions randomly selected by FE-SEM observation using an embedded resin was used. Observe, measure the distance between both ends of each base, and say the value obtained by arithmetically averaging them.
- the composite has a structure in which a colloidal catalyst or a sintering accelerator is arranged on a part or all of the surface of the substrate.
- the composite has a structure in which a metal part is coated on a part or all of the surface of the substrate.
- the composite is a composite particle, it has a structure in which a colloidal catalyst or a sintering accelerator is arranged on part or all of the surface of the base particle.
- the composite particle has a structure in which a metal part is coated on a part or all of the surface of the base material.
- a base particle having a recess and a colloid catalyst or a metal part disposed on the surface of the base particle may be provided.
- the concave portion can be coated with a colloidal catalyst or a metal part.
- the method for preparing the base particles having the recesses is not particularly limited.
- the recesses can be formed in the base particles by post-processing the base particles.
- the formation method of the recessed part by post-processing is not specifically limited, For example, a well-known method is employable. Specifically, a method of etching the surface of the substrate particles, a method of plasma treatment in an oxygen atmosphere, a method of ozone treatment and heat treatment, a method of humidification treatment, a method of heat treatment in vacuum, under pressure and humidification conditions Examples thereof include a heat treatment method, a wet treatment method using an oxidizing agent, and a physical treatment method using a ball mill.
- the average depth of the recess is not particularly limited.
- the average depth of the recesses can be 0.1% or more and 80% or less of the average radius of the base particles.
- the depth of a recessed part here refers to the distance from the surface of the spherical base material particle to the point which becomes the bottom face of a recessed part on the assumption that the base material particle which has a recessed part is spherical.
- the projections of 20 composite particles randomly selected by FE-SEM observation using an embedded resin were observed in the same procedure as the above-described method for measuring the average height of the projections, The value obtained by arithmetically averaging the depth of.
- the composite particle When the composite particle has a recess, the composite particle easily follows deformation, and as a result, the thermal stress relaxation action and the bonding strength of the sintered material are further improved.
- the shape of the particles for forming the filling portion 3 is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the shape of the particles include a spherical shape, an elliptical shape, an indefinite shape, a needle shape, a rod shape, a plate shape, and a scale shape.
- the shape of the particles is preferably spherical or elliptical.
- the shape of the particles is preferably a needle shape, a rod shape, or a plate shape.
- the average particle diameter of the particles forming the filling portion 3 can be set to 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of ensuring the dispersibility of the filling portion 3 in the base 1 which is a sintered body, for example.
- the average particle diameter of the particles is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the type of fiber is not particularly limited.
- the fibers include natural fibers and synthetic fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, and rock fibers.
- natural fibers include cellulose, silk, cotton, wool, and hemp.
- the synthetic fiber include polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyimide, acrylic, polyolefin, polymethylpentene, polyarylate, polyacetal, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyether ether ketone, and polyphenylene sulfide.
- the method for producing the sintered material having the above structure is not particularly limited. For example, it is possible to produce a sintered material by a known method.
- a joining composition containing a metal for forming the base portion 1, a material for forming the buffer portion 2, particles and / or fibers for forming the filling portion 3 is used as a sintering raw material
- a sintered material can be obtained by sintering the composition.
- the composition for joining does not contain a 2nd raw material.
- the metal for forming the base portion 1 is “first raw material”
- the material for forming the buffer portion 2 is “second raw material”
- the particles and / or fibers for forming the filling portion 3 are “ It is called “third raw material”.
- the first raw material is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal raw material that can form the sintered body of the base 1.
- the first raw material can be metal particles.
- the metal particles may be single metal particles or metal compound particles.
- a metal compound is a compound containing a metal atom and atoms other than the metal atom.
- the metal compound examples include metal oxides, metal carbonates, metal carboxylates and metal complexes.
- the metal compound is preferably a metal oxide.
- the metal oxide is sintered after becoming metal particles by heating at the time of connection in the presence of a reducing agent.
- the metal oxide is a precursor of metal particles.
- the metal carboxylate particles include metal acetate particles.
- the metal of the first raw material is gold, silver, tin, copper, germanium, indium, palladium, tellurium, thallium, bismuth, zinc, arsenic, selenium, and an alloy containing at least one of these metal elements
- the average particle diameter can be 10 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the first raw material may include two or more kinds having different average particle diameters, and in this case, the bonding strength of the sintered material can be improved.
- the average particle diameter of metal particles having a small average particle diameter can be 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and the average particle diameter of metal particles having a large average particle diameter can be 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the ratio of the blending amount of the first raw material with a larger average particle diameter to the first raw material with a smaller average particle diameter can be 1/9 or more and 9 or less.
- the said average particle diameter is calculated
- the first raw material may contain other components as necessary.
- other components include thermoplastic resins and curable resins.
- the curable resin include known photocurable resins and thermosetting resins.
- the photocurable resin may include a photocurable resin and a photopolymerization initiator.
- the thermosetting resin may include a known thermosetting resin and a thermosetting agent.
- the first raw material may contain a dispersion medium.
- the dispersion medium include known solvents.
- a commercially available product may be used as the first raw material.
- Specific examples include “CT2700” manufactured by Kyocera Chemical Co., “ASP295”, “ASP016”, “ASP043” manufactured by Heraeus, “LOCTITE ABLESTIK SSP2020” manufactured by Henkel, “H9890-6A” manufactured by NAMICS, and manufactured by Harima Chemicals. “NH-4000”, “NH-225D”, “NH-3000D”, “CM-3212”, “CR-3520” manufactured by Kaken Tech, “Arconano silver paste ANP-1” manufactured by Nippon Superior, etc. It is done.
- the buffer 2 is not empty, use the second raw material.
- the second raw material a material that is not the same as the first raw material can be used.
- a 2nd raw material it is the same as that of the material for forming the buffer part 2 mentioned above.
- the second raw material is a metal, it means that the metal element is a different type of metal element from the metal contained in the second raw material.
- the sintering time can be, for example, 30 seconds or more and 7200 seconds or less. As will be described later, when sintering is performed under pressure, the sintering time is preferably 180 seconds or more and 600 seconds or less. When sintering is not performed under pressure, the sintering time is preferably 180 seconds or more and 5400 seconds or less. Note that the sintering time may be adjusted according to the sintering temperature. For example, if the sintering time is shortened by increasing the temperature, the production efficiency is excellent.
- Sintering may be performed under pressure.
- the pressure can be 0.1 to 20 MPa.
- Sintering may be performed in an air atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen.
- sinter in a state where the bonding composition is applied on a metal plate.
- An example of the metal plate is a copper substrate.
- the application method is, for example, a screen printing method.
- sintering may be performed in a state where another metal plate is placed on the surface of the bonding composition applied with the screen and the bonding composition is sandwiched.
- the presence of the third raw material that is, the raw material that becomes the filling portion 3) causes the buffer portion 2 (for example, empty Holes) are less likely to be unevenly distributed in the sintered body and easily dispersed uniformly.
- the buffer portion 2 for example, empty Holes
- a sintered material for measuring the kurtosis B that is, a sintered material from which the filling portion 3 has been removed (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “blank sintered material”) is manufactured, for example, as follows. Can do.
- a blank sintered material can be obtained by removing the third raw material from the aforementioned bonding composition and then sintering.
- the type and amount of the first raw material, the second raw material, and the sintering conditions are set to the same conditions as the method for obtaining the sintered material for measuring the kurtosis A.
- the third raw material removal method include a method of taking a bonding composition, observing it with an optical microscope, removing it with a glass capillary, and removing it by centrifugation. .
- a blank sintered material can be obtained by sintering using a bonding composition that does not include the third raw material.
- the first raw material, the type and amount of the second raw material, and the sintering conditions are set to the same conditions as the method for obtaining the sintered material for measuring the kurtosis A.
- the bonding composition of the present invention is a composite having a structure in which a colloidal catalyst or a sintering accelerator is disposed on the aforementioned base material, or a composite having a structure in which a metal part is coated on the base material, It is preferable that metal particles are included. That is, in the bonding composition, it is preferable that the first raw material contains the metal particles and the third raw material contains the composite. In this case, monodispersion of the buffer portion 2 is easily achieved, the volume distribution of the base portion 1 is easily adjusted to an appropriate range, and the kurtosis A of the sintered material is increased.
- preferable aspects, such as a 1st raw material, a 3rd raw material, and its mixing ratio, are as above-mentioned.
- the bonding composition of the present invention is sintered to form a sintered material
- A> B can be satisfied.
- the sintered material of such a bonding composition can have a value of A of 0.2 or more.
- connection structure is not particularly limited. For example, various semiconductor devices (power devices) are mentioned.
- the structure of the connection structure can also be the same as that known, for example.
- the composite is suitable as an additive (buffer part distribution regulator) for forming the filled part of the sintered material. That is, the composite (for example, composite particles) is suitable for use for distributing the base portion 1 and the buffer portion 2, and is suitable for use for manufacturing a sintered material.
- the composite for example, composite particles
- an electroless copper plating solution a mixed solution containing 250 g / L of copper sulfate, 150 g / L of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 100 g / L of sodium gluconate, and 50 g / L of formaldehyde is adjusted to pH 10.5 with ammonia.
- a plating solution (C) was prepared.
- a silver plating solution (D) prepared by adjusting a mixed solution containing silver nitrate 30 g / L, succinimide 100 g / L, and formaldehyde 20 g / L to pH 8.0 with aqueous ammonia is prepared. did.
- the particle mixture liquid (E) was filtered to take out the particles and washed with water to obtain particles in which the copper metal part was disposed on the surface of the base particle A.
- the particles were sufficiently washed with water, and then added to 500 parts by weight of distilled water and dispersed to obtain a particle mixture (F).
- the silver plating solution (D) was gradually added dropwise to the dispersed particle mixture (F) adjusted to 60 ° C. to perform electroless silver plating.
- the dropping rate of the silver plating solution (D) was 10 mL / min, the dropping time was 30 minutes, and electroless silver plating was performed.
- the particles are taken out by filtration, washed with water, and dried to form a metal part (total thickness of metal part: 0.1 ⁇ m) in which copper and silver are laminated in this order on the surface of the base particle A.
- a composite particle A provided was obtained.
- the first raw material 0.98 g of silver paste (“Arconano silver paste ANP-1” manufactured by Nippon Superior Co., Ltd.) and 0.02 g of the composite particles A were kneaded with a spatula so as to be well dispersed and joined.
- a composition was prepared.
- the kneaded bonding composition was screen-coated on a 1 mm thick Cu substrate to a thickness of 100 ⁇ m, and the surface was sandwiched between 1 mm thick Cu substrates.
- the sandwiched bonding composition was dried at 130 ° C. for 90 seconds in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then heated at 300 ° C. for 3 minutes while being pressurized at 5 MPa to obtain a sintered material.
- the content of the composite particles was 2% by weight, and the closest distance between the composite particles was 3.52 ⁇ m.
- the obtained sintered material was subjected to tomography by FIB-SEM method using “Helios 660” manufactured by FEI, and this image was reconstructed to obtain a three-dimensional image of the sintered material.
- Observation conditions were an acceleration voltage of 2 kV, a reflected electron image, and a sample inclination of 52 °.
- FIG. 2A shows the three-dimensional image obtained in Example 1, and shows the whole image and three tomographic images (cross-sectional images). Further, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the three-dimensional image in FIG. 2 (a) is one of the 125 fractions of the sintered material.
- the obtained sintered material showed three different contrasts, and it was confirmed that the base part 1, the buffer part 2 and the filling part 3 were formed.
- the base 1 is a silver paste sintered body (silver sintered body), and the filler 3 is composite particles.
- the buffer portion 2 is a hole.
- the volume of each of the obtained 125 fractions was calculated using “AVIZO” manufactured by FEI to calculate the volume of the base 1, the buffer 2 and the filler 3, and the kurtosis A was calculated from the volume distribution. However, it was 0.97.
- a bonding composition having a composition in which composite particles were removed from the bonding composition of Example 1 was prepared and used as a bonding composition for kurtosis B measurement.
- the obtained composition for bonding kurtosis B was screen-coated on a 1 mm thick Cu substrate to a thickness of 100 ⁇ m, and the surface was sandwiched between 1 mm thick Cu substrates.
- the sandwiched bonding composition was dried at 130 ° C. for 90 seconds in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then heated at 300 ° C. for 3 minutes while being pressurized at 5 MPa to obtain a sintered material.
- the kurtosis B of this sintered material was measured by the same method as that for kurtosis A, it was 0.52.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a measuring apparatus for measuring the relaxation effect of thermal stress and the bonding strength.
- cylindrical copper (10 mm diameter and 5 mm thickness) was used as the substrate 100.
- One of the bonding compositions obtained in each of the examples and comparative examples was applied on the substrate 100 to form a paste layer (5 mm diameter and 50 ⁇ m thickness).
- a copper disk chip 101 (5 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) is placed on the paste layer and sintered at 300 ° C. for 3 minutes while being pressurized at 5 MPa, whereby the substrate 100 and the chip 101 are sintered. It joined by.
- the work done and the bond strength were measured.
- the work subjected to thermal stress can be measured by calculating the integrated value from the start of displacement to the breaking point in the stress-strain curve, and indicates the amount of energy absorbed before breaking.
- the joint strength is a stress value at the breaking point in the stress-strain curve.
- Example 2 A joining composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the silver paste as the first raw material was changed to 0.99 g and the composite particles A were changed to 0.01 g. The content of the composite particles was 1% by weight.
- a sintered material was produced from the obtained bonding composition in the same manner as in Example 1, and the kurtosis A, kurtosis B, work subjected to thermal stress, elongation at break and bonding strength of the sintered material were determined. Each was measured by the same method as described above.
- Example 3 A joining composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the silver paste as the first raw material was changed to 0.90 g and the composite particle A was changed to 0.10 g. The content of the composite particles was 10% by weight.
- a sintered material was produced from the obtained bonding composition in the same manner as in Example 1, and the kurtosis A, kurtosis B, work subjected to thermal stress, elongation at break and bonding strength of the sintered material were determined. Each was measured by the same method as described above.
- Example 4 A bonding composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the silver paste as the first raw material was changed to 0.98 g of resin-containing silver paste “CT2700” manufactured by Kyocera Chemical Co., Ltd. The content of the composite particles was 2% by weight.
- the obtained bonding composition was screen-coated on a 1 mm thick Cu substrate to a thickness of 100 ⁇ m, and the surface was sandwiched between 1 mm thick Cu substrates. The sandwiched composition was heated at 200 ° C. for 90 minutes to obtain a sintered material. The sintered material was measured for kurtosis A, kurtosis B, thermal stressed work, elongation at break, and bonding strength by the same methods as described above.
- Example 5 A joining composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.02 g of “L-MWNT-4060 (manufactured by NTP)” was used as the fiber instead of the composite particle A. The fiber content was 2% by weight.
- a sintered material was produced from the obtained bonding composition in the same manner as in Example 1, and the kurtosis A, kurtosis B, work subjected to thermal stress, elongation at break and bonding strength of the sintered material were determined. Each was measured by the same method as described above.
- Example 2 Only the silver paste (“CT2700” manufactured by Kyocera Chemical Co., Ltd.) as the first raw material was used as the bonding composition.
- a sintered material was produced from the obtained bonding composition in the same manner as in Example 1, and the kurtosis A, kurtosis B, work subjected to thermal stress, elongation at break and bonding strength of the sintered material were determined. Each was measured by the same method as described above.
- Table 1 shows the results of evaluation of the kurtosis A, kurtosis B, work subjected to thermal stress, elongation at break, and bonding strength of the sintered materials prepared using the bonding compositions obtained in the examples and comparative examples. It is a summary.
- Base part 2 Buffer part 3: Filling part
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Abstract
Description
項1.焼結材料において、
基部と、緩衝部と、充填部とを備え、
前記基部は、金属の焼結体であり、
前記緩衝部及び充填部は、前記基部中に分散して存在しており、
前記緩衝部は、空孔、及び、前記焼結体と同一でない材料の少なくともいずれか一方により形成され、
前記充填部は、粒子及び繊維の少なくともいずれか一方により形成され、
前記焼結材料の三次元画像における前記基部の体積分布の尖度をA、前記充填部を除去した前記焼結材料の三次元画像における基部の体積分布の尖度Bとしたときに、A>Bを満たす、焼結材料。
項2.焼結材料において、
基部と、緩衝部と、充填部とを備え、
前記基部は、金属の焼結体であり、
前記緩衝部及び充填部は、前記基部中に分散して存在しており、
前記緩衝部は、空孔、及び、前記焼結体とは同一でない材料の少なくともいずれか一方により形成され、
前記充填部は、粒子及び繊維の少なくともいずれか一方により形成され、
前記焼結材料の三次元画像における前記基部の体積分布の尖度をAとしたときに、Aの値が0.2以上である、焼結材料。
項3.A-Bの値が0.1以上である、項1に記載の焼結材料。
項4.前記充填部の含有量が0.01重量%以上10重量%以下である、項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の焼結材料。
項5.前記充填部どうしの最近接距離が1μm以上10μm以下である、項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の焼結材料。
項6.前記基部は、一次元方向に配向性を有するように分布して存在している、項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の焼結材料。
項7.項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の焼結材料を接続部に有する接続構造体。
項8.項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の焼結材料の充填部を形成するために用いられ、 基材粒子にコロイド触媒又は焼結促進剤が配置された構造、若しくは、基材粒子に金属部が被覆された構造を有する、複合粒子。
項9.基材にコロイド触媒又は焼結促進剤が配置された構造を有する複合体、若しくは、基材に金属部が被覆された構造を有する複合体と、金属粒子とを含む接合用組成物において、
前記接合用組成物の焼結材料の三次元画像における基部の体積分布の尖度をA、前記複合体を除去した接合用組成物の焼結材料の三次元画像における基部の体積分布の尖度Bとしたときに、A>Bを満たす、接合用組成物。
項10.基材にコロイド触媒又は焼結促進剤が配置された構造を有する複合体、若しくは、基材に金属部が被覆された構造を有する複合体と、金属粒子とを含む接合用組成物において、
前記接合用組成物の焼結材料の三次元画像における基部の体積分布の尖度をAとしたときに、Aの値が0.2以上である、接合用組成物。
項11.項9又は10に記載の接合用組成物を焼結する工程を含む、焼結材料の製造方法。
CV値(%)=(ρ/Dn)×100
ρ:粒子の粒子径の標準偏差
Dn:粒子の粒子径の平均値である。
10%K値(N/mm2)=(3/21/2)・F・S-3/2・R-1/2
F:粒子が10%圧縮変形したときの荷重値(N)
S:粒子が10%圧縮変形したときの圧縮変位(mm)
R:粒子の半径(mm)
微小圧縮試験機は、フィッシャー社製「フィッシャースコープH-100」等が用いられる。なお、30%K値を求める場合も、粒子を30%圧縮変形させたときの上記各パラメータを求めることで算出できる。
(1)基材粒子の分散液中に、金属微粒子を添加し、前記基材粒子の表面に前記金属微粒子をファンデルワールス力により集積させ、付着させる方法。
(2)基材粒子を入れた容器に、金属微粒子を添加し、容器の回転等による機械的な作用により前記基材粒子の表面に前記金属微粒子を付着させる方法。
(3)基材粒子の分散液中に、金属ナノコロイドを添加し、前記基材粒子の表面に前記金属ナノコロイドを化学結合により集積させた後、還元剤により金属ナノコロイドを還元して金属化させることにより基材粒子の表面に金属微粒子を付着させる方法。
中でも、付着させる金属微粒子の量を制御しやすいという観点から、前記(1)の方法が好ましい。なお、基材粒子以外の基材であっても前記(1)~(3)の方法を採用することができる。
基材粒子として、粒子径が3.0μmであるジビニルベンゼン共重合体樹脂粒子(積水化学工業社製「ミクロパールSP-203」)を用意した。
熱応力の緩和作用及び接合強度は、JIS Z 3198-7:鉛フリーはんだ試験方法-第7部 チップ部品のはんだ継手せん断 試験方法」に記載の「はんだ継手せん断試験方法」に基づいて評価した。
第1の原料である銀ペーストを0.99gに、前記複合粒子Aを0.01gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法で接合用組成物を調製した。複合粒子の含有量は1重量%であった。得られた接合用組成物を、実施例1と同様の方法で焼結材料を作製し、この焼結材料の尖度A、尖度B、熱応力にされた仕事、破断伸び及び接合強度を、それぞれ前述の方法と同じ方法で測定した。
第1の原料である銀ペーストを0.90gに、前記複合粒子Aを0.10gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法で接合用組成物を調製した。複合粒子の含有量は10重量%であった。得られた接合用組成物を、実施例1と同様の方法で焼結材料を作製し、この焼結材料の尖度A、尖度B、熱応力にされた仕事、破断伸び及び接合強度を、それぞれ前述の方法と同じ方法で測定した。
第1の原料である銀ペーストを、京セラケミカル社製の樹脂入り銀ペースト「CT2700」0.98gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法で接合用組成物を調製した。複合粒子の含有量は2重量%であった。得られた接合用組成物を、厚さ1mmのCu基板上に100μmの厚さになるようスクリーン塗布し、その表面を、厚さ1mmのCu基板で挟み込んだ。この挟み込んだ接合用組成物を200℃で90分間、加熱することで焼結材料を得た。この焼結材料の尖度A、尖度B、熱応力にされた仕事、破断伸び及び接合強度を、それぞれ前述の方法と同じ方法で測定した。
複合粒子Aの代わりに、繊維として「L-MWNT-4060(NTP社製)」を0.02g使用したこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法で接合用組成物を調製した。繊維の含有量は2重量%であった。得られた接合用組成物を、実施例1と同様の方法で焼結材料を作製し、この焼結材料の尖度A、尖度B、熱応力にされた仕事、破断伸び及び接合強度を、それぞれ前述の方法と同じ方法で測定した。
第1の原料である銀ペースト(日本スペリア社製「アルコナノ銀ペーストANP-1」)のみを接合用組成物とした。得られた接合用組成物を、実施例1と同様の方法で焼結材料を作製し、この焼結材料の尖度A、尖度B、熱応力にされた仕事、破断伸び及び接合強度を、それぞれ前述の方法と同じ方法で測定した。
第1の原料である銀ペースト(京セラケミカル社製「CT2700」)のみを接合用組成物とした。得られた接合用組成物を、実施例1と同様の方法で焼結材料を作製し、この焼結材料の尖度A、尖度B、熱応力にされた仕事、破断伸び及び接合強度を、それぞれ前述の方法と同じ方法で測定した。
2:緩衝部
3:充填部
Claims (11)
- 焼結材料において、
基部と、緩衝部と、充填部とを備え、
前記基部は、金属の焼結体であり、
前記緩衝部及び充填部は、前記基部中に分散して存在しており、
前記緩衝部は、空孔、及び、前記焼結体と同一でない材料の少なくともいずれか一方により形成され、
前記充填部は、粒子及び繊維の少なくともいずれか一方により形成され、
前記焼結材料の三次元画像における前記基部の体積分布の尖度をA、前記充填部を除去した前記焼結材料の三次元画像における基部の体積分布の尖度Bとしたときに、A>Bを満たす、焼結材料。 - 焼結材料において、
基部と、緩衝部と、充填部とを備え、
前記基部は、金属の焼結体であり、
前記緩衝部及び充填部は、前記基部中に分散して存在しており、
前記緩衝部は、空孔、及び、前記焼結体とは同一でない材料の少なくともいずれか一方により形成され、
前記充填部は、粒子及び繊維の少なくともいずれか一方により形成され、
前記焼結材料の三次元画像における前記基部の体積分布の尖度をAとしたときに、Aの値が0.2以上である、焼結材料。 - A-Bの値が0.1以上である、請求項1に記載の焼結材料。
- 前記充填部の含有量が0.01重量%以上10重量%以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の焼結材料。
- 前記充填部どうしの最近接距離が1μm以上10μm以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の焼結材料。
- 前記基部は、一次元方向に配向性を有するように分布して存在している、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の焼結材料。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の焼結材料を接続部に有する接続構造体。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の焼結材料の充填部を形成するために用いられ、 基材粒子にコロイド触媒又は焼結促進剤が配置された構造、若しくは、基材粒子に金属部が被覆された構造を有する、複合粒子。
- 基材にコロイド触媒又は焼結促進剤が配置された構造を有する複合体、若しくは、基材に金属部が被覆された構造を有する複合体と、金属粒子とを含む接合用組成物において、 前記接合用組成物の焼結材料の三次元画像における基部の体積分布の尖度をA、前記複合体を除去した接合用組成物の焼結材料の三次元画像における基部の体積分布の尖度Bとしたときに、A>Bを満たす、接合用組成物。
- 基材にコロイド触媒又は焼結促進剤が配置された構造を有する複合体、若しくは、基材に金属部が被覆された構造を有する複合体と、金属粒子とを含む接合用組成物において、 前記接合用組成物の焼結材料の三次元画像における基部の体積分布の尖度をAとしたときに、Aの値が0.2以上である、接合用組成物。
- 請求項9又は10に記載の接合用組成物を焼結する工程を含む、焼結材料の製造方法。
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