WO2018148130A1 - Enzymatically modified xyloglucan in sweet bakery fillings - Google Patents
Enzymatically modified xyloglucan in sweet bakery fillings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018148130A1 WO2018148130A1 PCT/US2018/016788 US2018016788W WO2018148130A1 WO 2018148130 A1 WO2018148130 A1 WO 2018148130A1 US 2018016788 W US2018016788 W US 2018016788W WO 2018148130 A1 WO2018148130 A1 WO 2018148130A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- xyloglucan
- enzymatically modified
- sweet
- filling
- sugars
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920002000 Xyloglucan Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 10
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000014594 pastries Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000009144 enzymatic modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 102000005936 beta-Galactosidase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010005774 beta-Galactosidase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 3
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920003096 Methocel™ K100M Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003094 Methocel™ K4M Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015173 baked goods and baking mixes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000021096 natural sweeteners Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208140 Acer Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004246 Agave americana Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000223760 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001137251 Corvidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003091 Methocel™ Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000005135 Micromeria juliana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002114 Satureja hortensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007315 Satureja hortensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000290333 Vanilla fragrans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009499 Vanilla fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012036 Vanilla tahitensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021329 brown rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013345 egg yolk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006911 enzymatic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013572 fruit purees Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 i.e. Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013310 margarine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003264 margarine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012459 muffins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020257 nut milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015108 pies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008476 powdered milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013322 soy milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/10—Multi-layered products
- A21D13/16—Multi-layered pastry, e.g. puff pastry; Danish pastry or laminated dough
- A21D13/19—Multi-layered pastry, e.g. puff pastry; Danish pastry or laminated dough with fillings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/30—Filled, to be filled or stuffed products
- A21D13/31—Filled, to be filled or stuffed products filled before baking
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/30—Filled, to be filled or stuffed products
- A21D13/38—Filled, to be filled or stuffed products characterised by the filling composition
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/60—Deep-fried products, e.g. doughnuts
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method for preparing sweet bakery fillings using enzymatically modified xyloglucan.
- JP2002349576 discloses the use of enzymatically modified xyloglucan in savory fillings, e.g., Chinese bean-jam.
- this reference does not address the problems in processing sweet fillings having a high sugar content.
- the present invention is directed to a method for making a baked food containing a sweet filling; said method comprising incorporating into a sweet filling formulation comprising at least 15 wt% sugars and from 0.1 to 2 wt% enzymatically modified xyloglucan.
- the present invention is further directed to a composition which is a sweet bakery filling formulation comprising at least 15 wt% sugars and from 0.1 to 2 wt% enzymatically modified xyloglucan.
- the “filling formulation” is the mixture of ingredients which forms the filling.
- the composition of the filling formulation is substantially identical to that of the filling, although the filling may contain slightly less water due to evaporation during
- sugars refers to mono- and di-saccharides in any natural sweeteners, e.g., sucrose, corn syrup, honey, maple syrup, brown rice syrup, molasses and agave.
- the weight of sugars is the dry weight of saccharides contained in the natural sweetener.
- the filling formulation is heated to produce the final filling, preferably over medium heat.
- the filling is encased in pastry dough to produce a filled raw o pastry. Filling may be refrigerated or frozen prior to use.
- the filled raw pastry is baked under suitable conditions known to those skilled in the art. In general, baking temperatures may range from 300 to 550 °F (150 to 290 °C), and times may be from 5 to 60 minutes.
- the filling formulation preferably comprises at least 18 wt% sugars, preferably at least 20 wt%, preferably at least 22 wt%; preferably no more than 60 wt%, preferably no more than 55 wt%, preferably no more than 50 wt%, preferably no more than 45 wt%, preferably no more than 40 wt%.
- weight percentages of sugars are total weight 5 percentages of sucrose, fructose and glucose.
- enzymatically modified xyloglucan is made from xyloglucan which has Mw from 500,000 to 1,500,000, preferably from 700,000 to 1,300,000.
- the modified xyloglucan is present in the filling formulation in an amount of at least 0.15 wt%, preferably at least 0.2 wt%, preferably at least 0.3 wt%, preferably at least 0.4 wt%;
- i o preferably no more than 1.7 wt%, preferably no more than 1.5 wt%, preferably no more than 1.3 wt%, preferably no more than 1.1 wt%, preferably no more than 0.9 wt%.
- Enzymatic modification is believed to remove side-chain galactose units from the basic hemicellulose backbone of xyloglucan.
- a preferred enzyme is ⁇ -galactosidase.
- the enzymatic modification produces gelling xyloglucan, i.e., xyloglucan which is a gel in
- the gelling temperature is no higher than 65°C,
- Times for enzymatic modification depend on other parameters but can easily be determined. Typical reaction times may vary from 4 hours to up to 2 days, providing enzymatically modified xyloglucan with different gelling temperatures ranging from 30-
- the galactose units are removed, preferably at least 33%, preferably at least 35%; preferably no more than 55%, preferably no more than 50%, preferably no more than 45%.
- the filling formulation comprises from 40 to 85 wt% water; preferably at least 45 wt%, preferably at least 50 wt%, preferably at least 55 wt%; preferably no more than 80 wt%, preferably no more than 75 wt%, preferably no more than 70 wt%.
- the amount of water includes water present in liquid ingredients, e.g., fruit juice, liquid sweeteners (e.g., honey, corn syrup), milk and vinegar
- Examples of other optional ingredients in filling formulation are as follows: gums, including xanthan gum and guar gum; gelatin; eggs, such as egg white; egg replacers; salt; yeast; chemical leavening agents, including baking powder and baking soda; fats, including margarine, butter and oils (e.g., vegetable oil); vinegar; dairy products, including milk, powdered milk, and yogurt; soy milk; nut ingredients, including almond meal, nut milk, and nut meats; fruit and vegetable ingredients, including fruit puree and fruit concentrate; and flavorings, including vanilla, cocoa powder, and cinnamon.
- gums including xanthan gum and guar gum
- gelatin eggs, such as egg white; egg replacers; salt; yeast
- chemical leavening agents including baking powder and baking soda
- fats including margarine, butter and oils (e.g., vegetable oil)
- vinegar including milk, powdered milk, and yogurt
- soy milk soy milk
- nut ingredients including almond meal, nut milk, and nut meats
- the total amount of optional ingredients is no more than 25 wt%, preferably no more than 20 wt%, preferably no more than 15 wt%; preferably at least 5 wt%, preferably at least 10 wt%, preferably at least 12 wt%.
- the composition comprises from 1 to 9 wt% fats; preferably at least 2 wt%, preferably at least 2.5 wt%; preferably no more than 7 wt%, preferably no more than 6.5 wt%.
- composition of the present invention is useful for bakery products having a sweet filling, such as pies, cakes, pastries, donuts, muffins and turnovers.
- the composition of the present invention can be processed to the bakery product in a conventional manner, for example by producing a dough or a batter which is used to encase the sweet filling and optionally baking it, depending on the kind of food product to be produced.
- the xyloglucan comprises less than 0.5 wt% organic solvents, preferably less than 0.2 wt%, preferably less than 0.1 wt%.
- the xyloglucan comprises less than 1 wt% chitosan, preferably less than 0.5 wt%, preferably less than 0.2 wt%, preferably less than 0.1 wt%.
- the xyloglucan comprises less than 1 wt% pectin, preferably less than 0.5 wt%, preferably less than 0.2 wt%, preferably less than 0.1 wt%.
- Untreated xyloglucan has a non-gelling property that G' (storage modulus) and G" (loss modulus) decrease at the same time as temperature increases.
- G' storage modulus
- G" loss modulus
- EM enzymatically modified
- xyloglucan exhibits a distinctive rheology profile compared to that of untreated xyloglucan.
- G' starts to increase at 30 °C and cross G" at 37 °C.
- the intersection of G' and G" is generally believed to be the gelling point so that 2% EM-xyloglucan has a gelling temperature at 37 °C.
- the rheology profile of 2 % METHOCEL K4M shows that it has a gelling temperature above 70 °C.
- the modules of untreated xyloglucan and EM-xyloglucan are comparable to those of METHOCEL K4M, which are in the magnitude of 10s Pa or above.
- the rheology data suggests the enzymatic treatment gives xyloglucan a thermal gelling property.
- GPC data suggests that untreated xyloglucan has a molar mass about 100,000 Da.
- NMR was used to quantitatively measure the galactose remove ratio (GRR) after reaction.
- the signature peaks from 105 ppm to 98 ppm represent galactose, glucose and xylose content respectively in xyloglucan. Assuming the peak area of glucose is 1, in the conventional sample, the ratio of galactose over glucose is 0.49 to 1.
- ⁇ -galactosidase is specifically cleaving galactose from back bone, so the glucose content is assumed not to change during this reaction.
- the ratio of galactose over glucose is 0.31 to 1, which leads to 37 % galactose removal for the measured EM-xyloglucan.
- the lemon juice was approximately 80-90 wt% water.
- METHOCEL K100M in lemon filling application Starch and xyloglucan were not able to hold the ingredient during oven heating (400 °F (204 °C), 15 min). In comparison, gelling EM-xyloglucan and METHOCEL K100M hold the ingredient inside of the pocket.
- the surface of the EM-xyloglucan pastry has cracks which are slightly smaller than those on the K100M pastry, although both are within acceptable limits.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
A method for making a baked food containing a sweet filling. The method comprises incorporating into a sweet filling formulation at least 15 wt% sugars and from 0.1 to 2 wt% enzymatically modified xyloglucan.
Description
ENZYMATICALLY MODIFIED XYLOGLUCAN IN SWEET BAKERY FILLINGS
This invention relates to a method for preparing sweet bakery fillings using enzymatically modified xyloglucan.
5 Bakery fillings inserted into breads, dumplings and other food products have been known to leak out of the food product when heated. JP2002349576 discloses the use of enzymatically modified xyloglucan in savory fillings, e.g., Chinese bean-jam. However, this reference does not address the problems in processing sweet fillings having a high sugar content.
o Statement of the Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for making a baked food containing a sweet filling; said method comprising incorporating into a sweet filling formulation comprising at least 15 wt% sugars and from 0.1 to 2 wt% enzymatically modified xyloglucan.
5 The present invention is further directed to a composition which is a sweet bakery filling formulation comprising at least 15 wt% sugars and from 0.1 to 2 wt% enzymatically modified xyloglucan.
Detailed Description of the Invention
Unless specified otherwise, all percentages are weight percentages (wt%), all
0 temperatures are in °C and all operations are performed at room temperature (20-25 °C).
Weight percentages are based on the entire weight of the dough formulation unless otherwise specified. The "filling formulation" is the mixture of ingredients which forms the filling. The composition of the filling formulation is substantially identical to that of the filling, although the filling may contain slightly less water due to evaporation during
5 cooking. The term "sugars" refers to mono- and di-saccharides in any natural sweeteners, e.g., sucrose, corn syrup, honey, maple syrup, brown rice syrup, molasses and agave. The weight of sugars is the dry weight of saccharides contained in the natural sweetener.
Preferably, the filling formulation is heated to produce the final filling, preferably over medium heat. Preferably, the filling is encased in pastry dough to produce a filled raw o pastry. Filling may be refrigerated or frozen prior to use. Preferably, the filled raw pastry is baked under suitable conditions known to those skilled in the art. In general, baking temperatures may range from 300 to 550 °F (150 to 290 °C), and times may be from 5 to 60 minutes.
The filling formulation preferably comprises at least 18 wt% sugars, preferably at least 20 wt%, preferably at least 22 wt%; preferably no more than 60 wt%, preferably no more than 55 wt%, preferably no more than 50 wt%, preferably no more than 45 wt%, preferably no more than 40 wt%. Preferably, weight percentages of sugars are total weight 5 percentages of sucrose, fructose and glucose.
Preferably, enzymatically modified xyloglucan is made from xyloglucan which has Mw from 500,000 to 1,500,000, preferably from 700,000 to 1,300,000. Preferably, the modified xyloglucan is present in the filling formulation in an amount of at least 0.15 wt%, preferably at least 0.2 wt%, preferably at least 0.3 wt%, preferably at least 0.4 wt%;
i o preferably no more than 1.7 wt%, preferably no more than 1.5 wt%, preferably no more than 1.3 wt%, preferably no more than 1.1 wt%, preferably no more than 0.9 wt%.
Enzymatic modification is believed to remove side-chain galactose units from the basic hemicellulose backbone of xyloglucan. A preferred enzyme is β-galactosidase. Preferably, the enzymatic modification produces gelling xyloglucan, i.e., xyloglucan which is a gel in
15 the range from 30-70°C. Preferably, the gelling temperature is no higher than 65°C,
preferably no higher than 60°C, preferably no higher than 55 °C, preferably no higher than 50°C. Times for enzymatic modification depend on other parameters but can easily be determined. Typical reaction times may vary from 4 hours to up to 2 days, providing enzymatically modified xyloglucan with different gelling temperatures ranging from 30-
20 70 °C. The upper limit is not critical, but beyond it there is little change in gelling
temperature and it would not be economically feasible to continue the reaction beyond this point. Preferably, from 30 to 60% of the galactose units are removed, preferably at least 33%, preferably at least 35%; preferably no more than 55%, preferably no more than 50%, preferably no more than 45%.
25 Preferably, the filling formulation comprises from 40 to 85 wt% water; preferably at least 45 wt%, preferably at least 50 wt%, preferably at least 55 wt%; preferably no more than 80 wt%, preferably no more than 75 wt%, preferably no more than 70 wt%. The amount of water includes water present in liquid ingredients, e.g., fruit juice, liquid sweeteners (e.g., honey, corn syrup), milk and vinegar
30 Examples of other optional ingredients in filling formulation are as follows: gums, including xanthan gum and guar gum; gelatin; eggs, such as egg white; egg replacers; salt; yeast; chemical leavening agents, including baking powder and baking soda; fats, including margarine, butter and oils (e.g., vegetable oil); vinegar; dairy products, including milk, powdered milk, and yogurt; soy milk; nut ingredients, including almond meal, nut milk, and
nut meats; fruit and vegetable ingredients, including fruit puree and fruit concentrate; and flavorings, including vanilla, cocoa powder, and cinnamon. However, this is not a comprehensive list of all ingredients that can be used to make sweet fillings. Preferably, the total amount of optional ingredients (excluding any contained water) is no more than 25 wt%, preferably no more than 20 wt%, preferably no more than 15 wt%; preferably at least 5 wt%, preferably at least 10 wt%, preferably at least 12 wt%. Preferably, the composition comprises from 1 to 9 wt% fats; preferably at least 2 wt%, preferably at least 2.5 wt%; preferably no more than 7 wt%, preferably no more than 6.5 wt%.
The composition of the present invention is useful for bakery products having a sweet filling, such as pies, cakes, pastries, donuts, muffins and turnovers. The composition of the present invention can be processed to the bakery product in a conventional manner, for example by producing a dough or a batter which is used to encase the sweet filling and optionally baking it, depending on the kind of food product to be produced.
Preferably, the xyloglucan comprises less than 0.5 wt% organic solvents, preferably less than 0.2 wt%, preferably less than 0.1 wt%. Preferably, the xyloglucan comprises less than 1 wt% chitosan, preferably less than 0.5 wt%, preferably less than 0.2 wt%, preferably less than 0.1 wt%. Preferably, the xyloglucan comprises less than 1 wt% pectin, preferably less than 0.5 wt%, preferably less than 0.2 wt%, preferably less than 0.1 wt%.
Examples
Enzymatic modification process: lmg/ml of β-galactosidase is added into 3% of xyloglucan (in PBS buffer, pH 5.5), the reaction is conducted in oven (55-60 °C) for 7.5 hours. Then the enzymatically modified xyloglucan is freeze-dried, the resultant material has a gelling temperature of 37 °C (measured by rheometer, at G'=G", G': storage modulus; G" : loss modulus)
The intention of doing enzymatic modification is to obtain a thermal gelling xyloglucan. Untreated xyloglucan has a non-gelling property that G' (storage modulus) and G" (loss modulus) decrease at the same time as temperature increases. After 7.5h enzymatic reaction, enzymatically modified (EM) xyloglucan exhibits a distinctive rheology profile compared to that of untreated xyloglucan. G' starts to increase at 30 °C and cross G" at 37 °C. The intersection of G' and G" is generally believed to be the gelling point so that 2% EM-xyloglucan has a gelling temperature at 37 °C. The rheology profile of 2 % METHOCEL K4M shows that it has a gelling temperature above 70 °C. The modules of untreated xyloglucan and EM-xyloglucan are comparable to those of METHOCEL K4M, which are in the magnitude of 10s Pa or above. The rheology data suggests the enzymatic treatment gives xyloglucan a thermal gelling property.
GPC data suggests that untreated xyloglucan has a molar mass about 100,000 Da. NMR was used to quantitatively measure the galactose remove ratio (GRR) after reaction. The signature peaks from 105 ppm to 98 ppm represent galactose, glucose and xylose content respectively in xyloglucan. Assuming the peak area of glucose is 1, in the conventional sample, the ratio of galactose over glucose is 0.49 to 1. β-galactosidase is specifically cleaving galactose from back bone, so the glucose content is assumed not to change during this reaction. The ratio of galactose over glucose is 0.31 to 1, which leads to 37 % galactose removal for the measured EM-xyloglucan.
Lemon Danish and Donut Filling
The lemon juice was approximately 80-90 wt% water.
Procedure:
1. In a cooking vessel, dry blend sugar, starch and METHOCEL HPMC, and blend until homogeneous.
2. In a separate container, mix water, vinegar and juice. Add flavor
3. Blend water mixture with the dry ingredients in the cooking vessel. Mix unit sugar is dissolved.
4. Place mixture over medium heat. Mix in egg yolk. Continue mixing until homogeneous.
5. While stirring constantly, cook filling until it is thick and smooth, without boiling.
6. Remove from heat and stir in butter.
7. Store refrigerated or frozen.
Testing in Pie Crust:
8. Cut crust dough into 4-inch (10.2 cm) diameter circles.
9. Weigh 18 g of filling onto center of dough, fold dough over and crimp edges.
10. Freeze overnight.
11. Bake at 475 °F (246 °C) on middle oven rack for 11-12 minutes.
12. Remove from oven for evaluation.
Starch, native xyloglucan and gelling EM-xyloglucan were compared to
METHOCEL K100M in lemon filling application. Starch and xyloglucan were not able to hold the ingredient during oven heating (400 °F (204 °C), 15 min). In comparison, gelling EM-xyloglucan and METHOCEL K100M hold the ingredient inside of the pocket. The surface of the EM-xyloglucan pastry has cracks which are slightly smaller than those on the K100M pastry, although both are within acceptable limits.
Claims
1. A method for making a baked food containing a sweet filling; said method comprising incorporating into a sweet filling formulation at least 15 wt% sugars and from 0.1 to 2 wt% enzymatically modified xyloglucan.
2. The method of claim 1 in which the sweet filling formulation further comprises from 15 to 60 wt% sugars and from 40 to 85 wt% water.
3. The method of claim 2 in which the sweet filling formulation comprises from 0.15 to 1.7 wt% enzymatically modified xyloglucan.
4. The method of claim 3 in which the enzymatically modified xyloglucan has from 30 to 60% fewer galactose units than unmodified xyloglucan.
5. The method of claim 1 in which the sweet filling formulation is substantially free of cellulose and cellulose derivatives.
6. The method of claim 4 in which the sweet filling formulation comprises from 18 to 50 wt% sugars, from 45 to 75 wt% water, from 1 to 9 wt% fats and from 0.2 to 1.3 wt% enzymatically modified xyloglucan.
7. The method of claim 6 in which the sweet filling formulation is substantially free of cellulose and cellulose derivatives.
8. A composition which is a sweet filling formulation comprising at least 15 wt% sugars and from 0.1 to 2 wt% enzymatically modified xyloglucan.
9. The composition claim 8 further comprising from 15 to 60 wt% sugars and from 40 to 85 wt% water.
10. The composition of claim 9 in which the sweet filling formulation is substantially free of cellulose and cellulose derivatives.
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US201762458050P | 2017-02-13 | 2017-02-13 | |
US62/458,050 | 2017-02-13 |
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002349576A (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-04 | Nsk Ltd | Rolling bearing unit for supporting wheel |
JP2004180547A (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2004-07-02 | Dainippon Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Foreskin food |
JP2012213327A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-11-08 | Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd | Gel-like food and method for producing the same |
-
2018
- 2018-02-05 WO PCT/US2018/016788 patent/WO2018148130A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002349576A (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-04 | Nsk Ltd | Rolling bearing unit for supporting wheel |
JP2004180547A (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2004-07-02 | Dainippon Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Foreskin food |
JP2012213327A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-11-08 | Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd | Gel-like food and method for producing the same |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DE FREITAS R A ET AL: "Degalatosylation of xyloglucan: Effect on aggregation and conformation, as determined by time dependent static light scattering, HPSEC-MALLS and viscosimetry", CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS, APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, LTD. BARKING, GB, vol. 83, no. 4, February 2011 (2011-02-01), pages 1636 - 1642, XP027568190, ISSN: 0144-8617, [retrieved on 20101015] * |
KAZUHIKO YAMATOYA ET AL: "Effects of xyloglucan with the partial removal of galactose on plasma lipid concentration", JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS, ELSEVIER BV, NL, vol. 3, no. 4, 3 May 2011 (2011-05-03), pages 275 - 279, XP028279897, ISSN: 1756-4646, [retrieved on 20110509], DOI: 10.1016/J.JFF.2011.05.002 * |
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