[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

WO2018016989A1 - Tige de cathode d'amenée de courant d'un électrolyseur d'aluminium - Google Patents

Tige de cathode d'amenée de courant d'un électrolyseur d'aluminium Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018016989A1
WO2018016989A1 PCT/RU2017/000369 RU2017000369W WO2018016989A1 WO 2018016989 A1 WO2018016989 A1 WO 2018016989A1 RU 2017000369 W RU2017000369 W RU 2017000369W WO 2018016989 A1 WO2018016989 A1 WO 2018016989A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
current
cathode current
metal base
rod
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2017/000369
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Алексей Геннадьевич БУРЦЕВ
Александр Олегович ГУСЕВ
Евгений Рашидович ШАЙДУЛИН
Андрей Васильевич ЗАВАДЯК
Евгений Яковлевич ГИБЕРТ
Original Assignee
Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр"
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" filed Critical Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр"
Publication of WO2018016989A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018016989A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of non-ferrous metallurgy, in particular, to the production of aluminum by electrolysis of molten salts, in particular to a device for a cathode current-conducting rod used in the construction of a cathode device of an aluminum electrolyzer.
  • the cathode current-conducting rod usually made of steel, is fixed in the groove of the carbon-containing cathode block using an electrically conductive material (cast iron, carbon paste or carbon glue).
  • An electrically conductive material cast iron, carbon paste or carbon glue.
  • Carbon-containing cathode blocks with installed cathode current-carrying rods are called cathode sections, which are installed in the cathode casing of the electrolyzer and form the cathode device (cathode) of the aluminum electrolyzer.
  • the purpose of the cathode current-supplying rod is to remove electric current from the cathode, and transfer it to the external busbar, through which it enters the next cell.
  • Current is transferred from the external busbar to aluminum busbar stacks (risers) connected to the anode busbar, then through the anodes, passes through the layers of electrolyte and metal, and then enters the cathode of the aluminum electrolyzer.
  • Known cathode section of an aluminum electrolyzer including a cathode carbon block with a cathode current-supplying rod fixed in it using cast iron, which is made in the form two elements of the same cross section are rigidly interconnected, and the part of the rod located under the anode is made of copper, and the outer part is made of steel (patent SU 1260412 - ⁇ 25 ⁇ 3/08 ⁇ 1, 09/30/1986)
  • the copper part of the cathode current-conducting rod does not have a continuous protective sheath that prevents air from entering and oxidizing copper at high temperatures, in addition, with increasing temperature, the strength of copper decreases significantly. All of the above leads to an increase in the contact resistance of the carbon block - the current-conducting rod and, accordingly, will lead to an increase in the voltage drop in the cathode of the electrolyzer.
  • Another disadvantage of the invention is the difficulty encountered in creating the connection of the copper part - the steel part of the current-supplying rod with an acceptable level of voltage drop in it. Since the problems associated with the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of copper and steel, the high oxidizability and low strength of copper at temperatures close to the electrolysis temperature and the high temperature of the region of the connection of copper and steel do not allow to obtain a good connection.
  • Blooms and a cathode block are used in an electrolyzer for aluminum production.
  • the blooms are installed in the groove of the cathode block and sealed with an electrically conductive sealing material such as cast iron.
  • an electrically conductive sealing material such as cast iron.
  • a copper plate having a variable width along the length of the bloom is welded to the steel bloom by explosion welding. Explosion welding provides good electrical contact of copper and steel, and a variable width allows you to provide a given profile of the effective conductivity of the bloom.
  • the copper plate is protected by a steel sheet welded on top of the copper plate and steel bloom.
  • Aluminum is obtained by electrolytic reduction of alumina in a cryolite electrolyte. This is carried out in a Hall-Herou electrolyzer, which is usually operated at low voltages and very high values of electric currents. A large electric current enters the cell through the anode structure and then passes through a cryolite electrolyte, through a layer of molten metal aluminum, and then enters the carbon cathode block. Electric current is removed from the cell by cathode blooms, which are connected to external busbars.
  • the flow of electric current through the aluminum layer and the carbon cathode block flows along the paths of least resistance.
  • the electrical resistance in a conventional cathode bloom is proportional to the length of the current path from the point at which electric current enters the cathode bloom to the nearest external bus.
  • the lower resistance on the current path which begins at the points on the cathode bloom closer to the outer bus, causes the current passing through the aluminum melt layer and the carbon cathode blocks to deviate in this direction.
  • the main reason for the unsatisfactory characteristics of the cathode blocks containing graphite is the highly localized erosion of the cathode surface, due to which the blooms are exposed to aluminum metal. It was found that there is a relationship between the rapid degree of wear, the location of the area of maximum wear and the heterogeneity of the distribution of the cathode current. Therefore, there is a constant need to develop and ensure a more uniform distribution of the cathode current so that the localized wear rates of the cathode blocks are reduced and the life of the cell increases.
  • intermittent termination portions according to this invention is effective for controlling the distribution of cathode current. This, however, can cause an additional drop in potential in the cell, leading to an increase in operating costs.
  • the main disadvantages of the prototype include: the need for high-precision fit of the copper liner and the cavity of the current-supplying rod to create good electrical contact along the entire length of the cathode current-supplying rod; It is problematic to ensure uniform (in length) electrical contact between the copper insert and the cavity of the current-supplying rod, since the rod is heated unevenly along the length (from 950 to 700 ° C) and, accordingly, the thermal expansion of the liner will be different, which means different electrical resistance of the current-supplying rod; the insecurity of the copper liner from the effects of the oxidizing environment will lead to its rapid degradation and decrease.
  • the objective of the invention is to increase the technical and economic performance of the electrolyzer by increasing the service life (by reducing the wear of the cathode blocks), the stability of the electrolyzer and, accordingly, the production of metal (by aligning horizontal currents along the length of the cathode section) and reducing energy consumption per ton of aluminum produced (by reducing the voltage drop in the cathode section).
  • the technical result is to reduce the voltage drop in the cathode section by increasing the conductivity of the current-supplying rod, providing an acceptable electrical contact between the insert and the steel cathode rod throughout the life of the electrolyzer, substantially aligning the horizontal currents along the length of the cathode section.
  • the cathode current-supplying rod used in the construction of the cathode device of an aluminum electrolyzer including a metal base with an internal cavity and a liner made of a material with high electrical conductivity, installed in the internal cavity with the possibility of electrical contact with metal basis
  • the cathode conductive rod is made of one or two or more metal bases rigidly fixed to each other, while Adyshev fixedly connected to the metal substrate through a bonding layer and is arranged on one or several lateral faces of the metal substrate.
  • the liner may be made of copper or an alloy based on copper. It is advisable that the cross-sectional area of the liner is from 8 to 30% of the cross section of the rod. It is also preferred that the outside of the liner be covered with a steel plate that is rigidly fixed to the surface of the metal base.
  • the connecting layer can be made by welding, for example, by explosion.
  • the connection of a metal base with a liner of metal with high electrical conductivity can be carried out by hot rolling (rolling) - a form of metal forming.
  • the connecting layer is formed by itself during the welding process, and is a transition layer between the surface atomic layers of each of the joined materials (base and liner) exposed to a plasma jet (as a result of welding).
  • Plasma causes the formation of a metal bond, in which metals are divided among themselves by valence electrons.
  • the metal interface (connecting layer) is usually pronounced and has the appearance of regular sinusoidal waves.
  • rods of various cross-sectional shapes are used - square, rectangular, round or oval. In our case, the shape of the rod can be any.
  • the rod is usually made of steel, as a replacement option can be cast iron.
  • the liner may be made of copper, an alloy based on copper, aluminum, an alloy based on aluminum.
  • the indicated cross-sectional area of the liner from 8 to 30% of the cross section of the rod allows you to adjust the effective electrical conductivity of the cathode current-carrying rod.
  • a steel plate that is rigidly fixed to the surface of the metal base helps protect the liner and the connecting layer from oxidation.
  • connection of a metal base with a liner of metal with high electrical conductivity can be carried out by explosion welding.
  • Welding method based on the use of explosion energy (a variety of metal processing by explosion). Based on the use of kinetic energy of the collision of the moving part (liner) with the surface of the fixed part (base), it is expended on the work of joint plastic deformation of the contacting layers of the metal, leading to the formation of a welded joint (connecting layer between them).
  • the proposed design of the cathode current-supplying rod allows to significantly reduce the voltage drop in the cathode current-supplying rod and significant alignment of horizontal currents along the length of the cathode section due to the presence of a high-quality connecting layer between the metal base and the liner. This layer provides reliable electrical contact between the metal base and the liner, regardless of temperature gradient along the length of the cathode rod.
  • figure 1 shows the cathode section of an aluminum electrolyzer in figure 2 - cathode current-supplying rod in disassembled and assembled condition;
  • FIG. 3 shows the proposed cathodic current-supplying rod, assembled from two metal bases
  • FIG. 4 shows the proposed cathodic current-supplying rod with a steel plate covering the liner from the outside.
  • the proposed cathode current-supplying rod 1 is intended for installation in a carbon-containing cathode block 2 made with a groove 3 by fixing the rod 1 with an electrically conductive material 4 (cast iron, carbon paste or carbon glue).
  • a cathode current-supplying rod 1 including a metal base 5, with an internal cavity 6 made by machining, an insert 7 made of a material with high electrical conductivity, installed in the inner cavity 6 and rigidly connected to the metal base 5 through a connecting layer 8, a steel plate 9 mounted on the outer side of the liner 7 and is rigidly fixed to the surface of the metal base 5 by electric arc welding around the perimeter of the plate.
  • the insert 7 is fixed inside the cavity 6 of the metal base 5 by explosion welding, the soft metal insert 7 "rushes" onto the surface of the metal base 5 as a result of collision, plastic deformation occurs, causing local heating surface layers of metal of a throwable insert 7 and the base of the metal base 5. As a result of deformation and heating, physical contact develops, activation of the surfaces to be welded and a joint forms - a connecting layer 8.
  • the insert 7 can be fixed inside the cavity 6 of the metal base 5 using joint hot rolling (knurling).
  • the metal base 5 and the insert 7 are heated and jointly rolled between the rollers, as a result, the insert is soldered to the metal base and a strong connecting layer 8 appears.
  • the cathode current-supplying rod 1 composite consisting of two metal bases 5 they are connected rigidly to each other by the sides on which the insert 7 is mounted.
  • the connection of two metal bases 5 is carried out by perimeter arc welding.
  • the liner with high electrical conductivity is made of copper or an alloy based on copper.
  • the general layout of the cathode section of an aluminum electrolyzer is related to the global conversion of the vertical current entering from the side of the molten metal (on top of the cathode section) into horizontal current along the cathode current-supplying rods.
  • the cathode current supply rod with an insert 7 installed in the cavity 6 can significantly increase the conductivity of the cathode current supply rod 1, which in turn leads to a decrease in voltage drop in the cathode section, a significant alignment of horizontal currents along the length of the cathode section, thereby reducing the uneven wear of the cathode section and, accordingly to increase the service life and stability of the cell.
  • the copper insert allows to reduce the voltage drop in the cathode section by 50-100 mV.
  • a cathode current-supply rod of arbitrary length, consisting of a steel base with a cross-section of 230x110 mm and a cavity with a cross-section of 155x20 mm and a copper insert with a cross-section of 150x20 mm, which is thrown onto a steel base, then, on the outside of the insert, a steel plate with a cross-section of 180x10 mm is welded, which protects the copper insert from oxidation by atmospheric oxygen and exposure to aggressive electrolyte vapors.
  • the cathode current-supplying rod is obtained with a cross section of 230x120 mm.
  • Cathodic current-supplying rod of arbitrary length, consisting of two identical steel substrates with a section of 230x60 mm and a cavity with a section of 155x10 mm and a copper insert with a section of 150x10 mm that is thrown onto a steel base. Then, the two bases (halves) are deployed with a copper liner to each other and welded together. This results in a cathode current-supplying rod with a cross section of 230x120 mm which forms an integral steel protective sheath with a copper insert inside.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne le domaine de la métallurgie non ferreuse et notamment la conception d'une tige de cathode d'amenée de courant utilisée dans la structure d'un dispositif cathodique d'un électrolyseur d'aluminium. L'invention porte sur une tige de cathode d'amenée de courant qui comprend une base métallique avec une cavité interne et une pièce rapportée faite d'un matériau à conductivité électrique spécifique élevée, qui est montée dans la cavité interne de manière à pouvoir assurer le contact électrique avec la base métallique. La tige de cathode d'amenée de courant est réalisée avec deux ou plusieurs bases métalliques rigidement connectées entre elles, et la pièce rapportée est rigidement connectée à la base métallique via une couche de connexion et disposée sur un ou plusieurs côtés latéraux de la base métallique. L'invention permet ainsi de réduire la chute de tension électrique dans le partie cathode grâce à une augmentation de la conductivité électrique de sorte à assurer un contact électrique acceptable entre la pièce rapportée et la tige de cathode en acier sur toute la durée de vie de l'électrolyseur, une meilleure égalisation des courants électriques sur la longueur de la partie cathode.
PCT/RU2017/000369 2016-07-19 2017-05-30 Tige de cathode d'amenée de courant d'un électrolyseur d'aluminium WO2018016989A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2016129595A RU2657682C2 (ru) 2016-07-19 2016-07-19 Катодный токоподводящий стержень алюминиевого электролизера
RU2016129595 2016-07-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018016989A1 true WO2018016989A1 (fr) 2018-01-25

Family

ID=60996002

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/RU2017/000369 WO2018016989A1 (fr) 2016-07-19 2017-05-30 Tige de cathode d'amenée de courant d'un électrolyseur d'aluminium

Country Status (2)

Country Link
RU (1) RU2657682C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018016989A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5976333A (en) * 1998-01-06 1999-11-02 Pate; Ray H. Collector bar
RU2285754C1 (ru) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Инженерно-технологический центр" Катодная секция алюминиевого электролизера
RU2348743C2 (ru) * 2007-03-15 2009-03-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Русская инжиниринговая компания" Катодный токоведущий стержень алюминиевого электролизера

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2868435B1 (fr) * 2004-04-02 2006-05-26 Aluminium Pechiney Soc Par Act Element cathodique pour l'equipement d'une cellule d'electrolyse destinee a la production d'aluminium
TW200925328A (en) * 2007-10-29 2009-06-16 Bhp Billiton Aluminium Technologies Ltd Composite collector bar

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5976333A (en) * 1998-01-06 1999-11-02 Pate; Ray H. Collector bar
RU2285754C1 (ru) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Инженерно-технологический центр" Катодная секция алюминиевого электролизера
RU2348743C2 (ru) * 2007-03-15 2009-03-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Русская инжиниринговая компания" Катодный токоведущий стержень алюминиевого электролизера

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2657682C2 (ru) 2018-06-14
RU2016129595A (ru) 2018-01-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP4792105B2 (ja) 非平坦なスロット形態を有する、アルミニウム電解セルのためのカソード
RU2449058C2 (ru) Электролизер для производства алюминия, содержащий средства для уменьшения падения напряжения
US6387237B1 (en) Cathode collector bar with spacer for improved heat balance and method
US11060199B2 (en) Electrode configurations for electrolytic cells and related methods
US20170321338A1 (en) Cathode current collector for a hall-heroult cell
RU2239007C2 (ru) Катодный коллекторный стержень для улучшения теплового баланса
AU2008318268B2 (en) Composite collector bar
RU2178016C2 (ru) Электролитическая ячейка восстановления для производства металла
CN109863258B (zh) 用于霍尔-埃鲁电池的阴极集流器/连接器
AU2014305612B2 (en) Electrolytic cell intended for the production of aluminium and electrolytic smelter comprising this cell
RU2657682C2 (ru) Катодный токоподводящий стержень алюминиевого электролизера
WO2019245386A1 (fr) Organe de suspension d'anode et procédé de production de celui-ci
RU2285754C1 (ru) Катодная секция алюминиевого электролизера
RU2348743C2 (ru) Катодный токоведущий стержень алюминиевого электролизера
RU2303654C2 (ru) Способ монтажа катодной секции
RU2209856C1 (ru) Катодное устройство алюминиевого электролизера
EA044747B1 (ru) Сборочный узел катода для электролизера холла-эру для производства алюминия и способ его изготовления
RU2381301C1 (ru) Катодное устройство алюминиевого электролизера
CA3179900A1 (fr) Ensemble cathode pour une cellule hall-heroult pour la production d'aluminium et procede de fabrication associe
AU713342B2 (en) Cathode construction
RU2630114C2 (ru) Электролизер, в частности, для получения алюминия

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17831422

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17831422

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1