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WO2018053705A1 - 可充电电池 - Google Patents

可充电电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018053705A1
WO2018053705A1 PCT/CN2016/099570 CN2016099570W WO2018053705A1 WO 2018053705 A1 WO2018053705 A1 WO 2018053705A1 CN 2016099570 W CN2016099570 W CN 2016099570W WO 2018053705 A1 WO2018053705 A1 WO 2018053705A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
temperature
rechargeable battery
control system
heat sink
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/099570
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杜鑫鑫
王升威
曾毓群
吴凯
林永寿
郭震强
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN201680087965.6A priority Critical patent/CN109565090A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2016/099570 priority patent/WO2018053705A1/zh
Publication of WO2018053705A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018053705A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of rechargeable batteries, and more particularly, the present invention relates to a rechargeable battery that can achieve self-cooling.
  • rechargeable batteries including lithium-ion batteries used in consumer electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage, have basically met the actual use requirements in terms of energy density and cycle life.
  • excessive temperature can adversely affect battery performance, whether it is a lithium-ion battery or other types of batteries.
  • too high a temperature may degrade the charge and discharge performance of the battery, or even damage the internal chemical balance of the battery, resulting in the occurrence of side reactions inside the battery, which may also affect the performance and service life of the battery.
  • too high a temperature is also detrimental to the use of rechargeable batteries in fields such as large rate charge and discharge. Therefore, controlling the battery temperature within a suitable range not only helps to improve the performance and service life of the battery, but also reduces the safety risk of the battery.
  • battery cooling technology mainly includes the use of indirect cooling methods such as air and water: first cool the medium through the cooling tool, and then use the medium to indirectly cool the battery.
  • the prior art discloses that by installing a battery case with a cooling function for a battery, the battery case cools the air by a dry ice maker to cool the battery.
  • the prior art also discloses installing a heat exchange system external to the battery to cool the battery through two heat exchange circuits.
  • the prior art also discloses the use of an infusion pump to connect two thermally and chilled liquid circuits, using a cooled liquid to cool the battery.
  • the above cooling system uses the traditional medium heat conduction method, and the cooling rate is slow and low.
  • the energy consumption is large, the energy utilization rate is low, and the structure of the cooling system is complicated and bulky.
  • rechargeable batteries especially for lithium-ion batteries that emphasize high-quality energy density and high bulk density in consumer electronics, new energy vehicles and energy storage, complex cooling systems, low cooling rates, high Both energy consumption and low cooling energy utilization can seriously affect the safety performance and service life of rechargeable batteries.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a rechargeable battery having an ideal safety performance and a service life, which can realize automatic temperature reduction of a rechargeable battery and ensure that the battery operates in a suitable temperature range.
  • the present invention provides a rechargeable battery including a battery body, a battery core disposed in the battery body and having a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a battery top cover disposed on the battery body, wherein
  • the rechargeable battery is provided with a temperature control system and a heat sink.
  • the temperature control system is electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of the battery, and the temperature control system is electrically connected to the heat sink and controls the opening and closing of the heat sink.
  • the temperature control system includes a temperature sensor and a circuit control system that monitor the internal temperature of the rechargeable battery.
  • the temperature sensor and circuit control system are integrated on the battery top cover.
  • the heat sink includes a cooling chip in contact with the battery body and a heat sink and a fan disposed on the cooling chip.
  • the cold end of the cooling chip is closely attached to the rechargeable battery to cool the battery, and the hot end of the cooling chip is connected to the heat sink, and the heat sink is used to dissipate the heat of the cooling chip.
  • the cooling chip and the heat sink are coated between Thermal conductivity agent.
  • the heat sink and the fan are mechanically coupled.
  • the battery body is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the heat sink has an opening temperature of > 40 ° C and the heat sink has a closing temperature of ⁇ 35 ° C.
  • the rechargeable battery of the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the temperature control system monitors the internal temperature of the battery through the temperature sensor: when the temperature exceeds the operating temperature of the battery, the heat sink is activated, and when the battery temperature reaches the suitable working temperature, the heat sink is turned off, so the temperature of the rechargeable battery can be adjusted, and the rechargeable battery can be improved. Safety performance and service life.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a rechargeable battery of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a rechargeable battery of the present invention.
  • the rechargeable battery of the present invention includes a battery body 10 , a battery core (not shown) housed in the battery body 10 and provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a battery disposed on the battery body 10 .
  • the battery body 10 and the battery top cover 20 may be housings made of the same material, for example, the battery body 10 and the battery top cover 20 may be made of aluminum or aluminum alloy materials.
  • the temperature control system 202 includes a temperature sensor and a circuit control system (not shown) that monitors the internal temperature of the rechargeable battery.
  • the temperature sensor is disposed inside the battery body 10 of the rechargeable battery and electrically connected to an external temperature control system.
  • the temperature inside the battery sensed by the temperature sensor sends a demand signal to the temperature control system, and the temperature control system can react accordingly.
  • the temperature sensor and circuit control system are integrated on the battery top cover 20.
  • the heat dissipating device is electrically connected to the temperature control system, and includes a refrigerating chip 30 that is in contact with the battery body 10, a heat sink 40 disposed on the refrigerating chip 30, and a fan 50, wherein the cooling chip 30 and the heat sink 40 are coated with heat conduction.
  • the heat sink 40 and the fan 50 are mechanically coupled.
  • Electronic refrigeration is a kind of refrigeration method that uses the Peltier effect to generate heat absorption and heat release.
  • Electronic refrigeration has the advantages of fast cooling speed, small volume, long service life and continuous operation.
  • the cooling chip 30 prepared by using the Peltier effect can be quickly and efficiently cooled down by the heat sink 40.
  • the temperature sensor sends a demand signal to the temperature control system, which controls the start and stop of the refrigeration unit.
  • the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are electrically connected to the temperature control system 202 and provide operating power for the system.
  • the temperature control system 202 monitors the temperature inside the battery through a temperature sensor. When the battery temperature is higher than the operating temperature (for example, >40 ° C), the circuit control system of the temperature control system 202 controls the operation of the cooling chip 30, and the cooling chip 30 operates. The cold junction temperature drops rapidly, and the battery is cooled rapidly by the high thermal conductivity of the heat conductive agent and the battery body 10. During the working process, the heat generated by the hot end of the refrigerating chip 30 is conducted to the outside through the externally connected fins 40 and the fan 50 to ensure the normal operation of the refrigerating chip 30.
  • temperature control system 202 disconnects the circuit of the circuit control system and the cooling system ceases to operate.
  • a suitable operating temperature eg, ⁇ 35 ° C
  • the temperature control system 202 will start the system again, thus controlling the battery temperature.
  • the rechargeable battery of the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art: the temperature control system monitors the internal temperature of the battery through a temperature sensor: when the temperature exceeds the battery The heat sink is activated at the working temperature. When the battery temperature reaches the proper working temperature, the heat sink is turned off, so the temperature of the rechargeable battery can be adjusted to improve the safety performance and service life of the rechargeable battery.
  • the refrigerating chip used in the rechargeable battery of the invention has small occupation volume, long service life, fast response speed, fast cooling speed and high energy utilization rate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种可充电电池，其包括电池本体（10）、收容于电池本体中且设有正极和负极的电芯，以及设置于电池本体上的电池顶盖（20），其中，可充电电池还设有温度控制系统（202）和散热装置，温度控制系统与电芯的正极和负极分别电性连接，且温度控制系统电性连接散热装置并控制散热装置的开启和关闭。可充电电池中，温度控制系统通过温度感应器对电池内部温度进行监控：当温度超出电池工作温度时启动散热装置，当电池温度达到适宜工作温度时关闭散热装置，因此可以调节可充电电池的温度，提高可充电电池的安全性能和使用寿命。

Description

可充电电池 技术领域
本发明属于可充电电池领域，更具体地说，本发明涉及一种可以实现自冷却的可充电电池。
背景技术
目前，可充电电池，包括应用于消费类电子、电动车和储能领域的锂离子电池，在能量密度和循环寿命方面已经基本满足了实际使用要求。
对于可充电电池而言，无论是锂离子电池还是其它类型的电池，过高的温度都会对电池的性能产生不利影响。例如，过高的温度会使电池的充放电性能降低，甚至会破坏电池内部的化学平衡，导致电池内部副反应的发生，带来安全隐患也会影响电池的使用性能和使用寿命。此外，过高的温度也不利于可充电电池在大倍率充放电等领域的使用。因此，将电池温度控制在合适的范围内，不仅有利于提升电池的性能和使用寿命，而且还会降低电池的安全风险。
为了解决上述技术问题，现有技术对此进行了反复尝试。目前，电池制冷技术主要包括使用空气和水等媒介等的间接制冷方式：先通过制冷工具对媒介降温，然后使用媒介间接对电池进行降温。
例如，现有技术揭示了通过给电池安装一个带有降温功能的电池盒，电池盒通过干冰制造机对空气进行制冷，从而对电池降温。现有技术还揭示了在电池外部安装一个热交换系统，通过两个热交换回路为电池降温。现有技术又揭示了通过安装一个输液泵连通两个导热和导冷的液体回路，使用冷却的液体为电池降温。
但是，上述降温系统使用的都是传统的媒介导热的方式，降温速度慢，降 温能耗大，能量利用率低，且降温系统的结构复杂、体积庞大。对于可充电电池，特别是强调高质量能量密度和高体积密度的使用在消费类电子产品、新能源汽车和储能领域的锂离子电池来说，复杂的降温系统、低的降温速度、高的能量消耗和低的制冷能量利用率都会严重影响可充电电池的安全性能和使用寿命。
有鉴于此，确有必要提供一种具有理想安全性能和使用寿命的可充电电池。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：克服现有技术的缺陷，提供一种具有理想安全性能和使用寿命的可充电电池，其可以实现可充电电池的自动降温，保证电池在合适的温度范围内工作。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供了一种可充电电池，其包括电池本体、收容于电池本体中且设有正极和负极的电芯，以及设置于电池本体上的电池顶盖，其中，可充电电池设有温度控制系统和散热装置，温度控制系统与电芯的正极和负极分别电性连接，且温度控制系统电性连接散热装置并控制散热装置的开启和关闭。
作为本发明可充电电池的一种改进，所述温度控制系统包括监控可充电电池内部温度的温度感应器和电路控制系统。
作为本发明可充电电池的一种改进，所述温度感应器和电路控制系统集成于所述电池顶盖上。
作为本发明可充电电池的一种改进，所述散热装置包括与所述电池本体接触的制冷芯片和设置于制冷芯片上的散热片、风扇。制冷芯片的冷端紧贴可充电电池为电池降温，制冷芯片的热端与散热片相连，通过散热片为制冷芯片热端散热。
作为本发明可充电电池的一种改进，所述制冷芯片和所述散热片之间涂有 导热剂。
作为本发明可充电电池的一种改进，所述散热片和风扇机械连接。
作为本发明可充电电池的一种改进，所述电池本体由铝或铝合金制成。
作为本发明可充电电池的一种改进，所述散热装置的开启温度>40℃，所述散热装置的关闭温度<35℃。
相对于现有技术，本发明可充电电池具有以下优点：
温度控制系统通过温度感应器对电池内部温度进行监控：当温度超出电池工作温度时启动散热装置，当电池温度达到适宜工作温度时关闭散热装置，因此可以调节可充电电池的温度，提高可充电电池的安全性能和使用寿命。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式，对本发明可充电电池及其技术效果进行详细说明，其中：
图1为本发明可充电电池的立体结构示意图。
图2为本发明可充电电池的侧视图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的发明目的、技术方案及其技术效果更加清晰，以下结合附图和具体实施方式，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解的是，本说明书中描述的具体实施方式仅仅是为了解释本发明，并非为了限定本发明。
请参照图1和图2所示，本发明可充电电池包括电池本体10、收容于电池本体10中且设有正极和负极的电芯(未图示)，以及设置于电池本体10上的电池顶盖20，其中，可充电电池设有温度控制系统202和散热装置，温度控制系统202与电芯的正极和负极分别电性连接，且温度控制系统202电性连接散热装置并控制散热装置的开启和关闭。
电池本体10和电池顶盖20可以为由相同材料制成的壳体，例如，电池本体10和电池顶盖20都可以由铝或铝合金材料制成。
温度控制系统202包括监控可充电电池内部温度的温度感应器和电路控制系统(未图示)，温度感应器设于可充电电池的电池本体10内部并与外部的温度控制系统电性连接，通过温度感应器感知的电池内部温度向温度控制系统发出需求信号，温度控制系统可据此做出反应。根据本发明的一个优选实施方式，温度感应器和电路控制系统集成于电池顶盖20上。
散热装置与温度控制系统电性连接，其包括与电池本体10接触的制冷芯片30和设置于制冷芯片30上的散热片40、风扇50，其中，制冷芯片30和散热片40之间涂有导热剂，散热片40和风扇50机械连接。
电子制冷是一种使用珀尔帖效应产生吸热和放热的制冷方式，电子制冷具有制冷速度快、体积小、使用时间长、可连续工作等优点。在本发明的实施方式中，在工作过程中电池温度过高时，通过使用珀尔帖效应制备的制冷芯片30结合热端的散热片40可以快速有效地为可充电电池降温。温度感应器会向温度控制系统发出需求信号，温度控制系统以此控制制冷装置的启停。
以下结合图1和图2所示，详细说明本发明可充电电池的工作原理。
本发明充电电池中，电池的正负极与温度控制系统202电性连接并为系统提供工作电源。温度控制系统202通过温度感应器对电池内部的温度进行监控，当电池温度高于工作温度(例如>40℃)时，温度控制系统202的电路控制系统控制制冷芯片30工作，制冷芯片30工作时其冷端温度迅速下降，通过导热剂和电池本体10的高导热性迅速为电池降温。在工作过程中，制冷芯片30热端产生的热量通过外接的与其相连的散热片40和风扇50传导到外界，保证制冷芯片30的正常工作。当电池温度下降到适宜的工作温度(例如<35℃)时，温度控制系统202断开电路控制系统的电路连接，降温系统停止工作。当电池温度超过最高工作温度时，温度控制系统202会再次启动系统，如此即可控制电池温度。
结合以上对本发明可充电电池具体实施方式的详细描述可以看出，相对于现有技术，本发明可充电电池具有以下优点：温度控制系统通过温度感应器对电池内部温度进行监控：当温度超出电池工作温度时启动散热装置，当电池温度达到适宜工作温度时关闭散热装置，因此可以调节可充电电池的温度，提高可充电电池的安全性能和使用寿命。此外，本发明可充电电池采用的制冷芯片占用体积小，使用寿命长，响应速度快，降温速度快，能量利用率高。
根据上述原理，本发明还可以对上述实施方式进行适当的变更和修改。因此，本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式，对本发明的一些修改和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。此外，尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语，但这些术语只是为了方便说明，并不对本发明构成任何限制。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种可充电电池，包括电池本体、收容于电池本体中且设有正极和负极的电芯，以及设置于电池本体上的电池顶盖，其特征在于：所述可充电电池设有温度控制系统和散热装置，温度控制系统与电芯的正极和负极分别电性连接，且温度控制系统电性连接散热装置并控制散热装置的开启和关闭。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可充电电池，其特征在于：所述温度控制系统包括监控可充电电池内部温度的温度感应器和电路控制系统。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的可充电电池，其特征在于：所述温度感应器和电路控制系统集成于所述电池顶盖上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的可充电电池，其特征在于：所述散热装置包括与所述电池本体接触的制冷芯片和设置于制冷芯片上的散热片及风扇。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的可充电电池，其特征在于：所述制冷芯片和所述散热片之间涂有导热剂。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的可充电电池，其特征在于：所述散热片和风扇机械连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的可充电电池，其特征在于：所述电池本体由铝或铝合金制成。
  8. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的可充电电池，其特征在于：所述散热装置的开启温度>40℃，所述散热装置的关闭温度<35℃。
PCT/CN2016/099570 2016-09-21 2016-09-21 可充电电池 WO2018053705A1 (zh)

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