WO2018050846A1

WO2018050846A1 - Machine comprising a variable-speed drive for providing a direct current

Info

Publication number: WO2018050846A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/073326
Authority: WO
Inventors: Chris W. Chrystowski
Original assignee: Seva Academy Ltd.; Pragmatec Gmbh
Priority date: 2016-09-18
Filing date: 2017-09-15
Publication date: 2018-03-22

Abstract

Machine (100) comprising - a shaft (RA) which can be driven at variable speed, - a common rotor (1) which is coupled to the shaft (RA), - a first m-phase stator circuit which comprises m phase windings (6.1, 6.2) which are connected electrically in series to form a ring connection, wherein in each case one output node for discharging a quantity of alternating current is formed between two successive phase windings (6.1, 6.2) in each case, - a second m-phase stator circuit which comprises m phase windings (6.4, 6.5) which either o are connected electrically in series to form a ring connection, wherein in each case one output node for discharging a quantity of alternating current is formed between two successive phase windings (6.4, 6.5) in each case, or o are connected to form a star connection, wherein in each case one output node for discharging a quantity of alternating current is formed for each coil (6.4, 6.5) in each case, wherein - m is an integer greater than or equal to 2, - the two stator circuits can be magnetically excited by the common rotor (1), - all of the phase windings (6.1, 6.2) of the first m-phase stator circuit have a first number of turns and all of the phase windings (6.4, 6.5) of the second m-phase stator circuit have a second number of turns, and wherein - the first number of turns is greater than the second number of turns.

Description

Machine with variable speed drive for

Providing a direct current

It is about a machine with variable speed drive for providing a direct current.

There are numerous areas where electrical

Alternators are used. A distinction is made between single-phase and multi-phase generators, depending on the number of alternating voltages that such a generator supplies. A rotor (usually mechanically driven) with a rotor winding rotates e.g. inside a stator having one, two or more independent stator windings.

Typical examples are generators, such as those used in vehicles. The alternators are driven by the engine of the vehicle at a varying speed.

In Fig. 1A the section through a claw pole generator is shown. However, only the essential elements of such a claw pole generator are shown. The generator has a pulley 3, which sits here at one end of a drive shaft 4. On the stator 5, a stator core (usually as a laminated core) is provided, which is referred to here as the stator winding 6

(typically three stator windings 6 are provided to form a 3-phase system). Inside the generator sits a rotor 1 with a rotor winding 7, which is arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation RA of the drive shaft 4 and which serves as a field winding of the generator. The drive shaft 4 is usually driven by a V-belt, which is a pulley on the

Crankshaft of a motor is guided around. The winding ends of the Exciter winding 7 are connected to two slip rings 8 isolated from each other, which sit here at the right end of the drive shaft 4. Two claw poles 9 (usually with p = 6 pole pairs) surround the excitation winding 7. Die

Current-carrying excitation winding 7 builds in operation with the two

Claw poles 9 an internal magnetic field. As soon as the rotor around the

Rotation axis RA rotates, it induces AC voltage in the stator windings 6 (these stator windings 6 are hereinafter referred to as phase windings 6). For this purpose, the field winding 7 builds on the ends of the jaws 9

North Pole Np and South Pole Sp on. Due to the staggered arrangement of the two claw pole halves, north poles Np and south poles Sp alternately form on the rotor 1, as shown schematically in FIG. 1A.

At the phase windings 6, which are connected together either to a stator circuit in a circular or star configuration, can

AC voltages are tapped and fed to a rectifier. The rectifier can be connected to the rectified current contributions of the individual phase windings 6, e.g. to feed a vehicle battery.

Fig. 1B shows an exemplary current characteristic of such

Klauenpolgenerators, wherein the current is plotted in ampere A on the speed in rpm of the drive shaft 4 of the generator. Since the drive shaft 4 is typically driven by a ratio, it rotates faster than the engine by the ratio factor. The idle speed n ^* _{L of} the

Generator is in the example shown about 1900 U / min, which is at a

Translation of 3 corresponds to an idle speed n _{L of} the engine of about 633 rpm. At idling speed n * i_, the generator shown supplies only a current of approximately 48A, which corresponds to only about 40 percent of the maximum current of about 125A.

Such claw pole generators, which are mentioned here by way of example only as an example, are relatively small and light and they also have a good

Performance characteristics, so they are often used in vehicles as an alternator. Numerous applications require a DC voltage (DC) instead of an AC voltage (AC). Therefore, in these cases the

Alternators, as already indicated, suitable

Downstream rectifier circuits.

The losses of such alternators are moving more and more into the

Focus of interest, since an alternator viewed from the engine of the vehicle as a towing load. Any such towing load, which must be driven by the vehicle engine, increases the consumption and the

Emissions of the vehicle.

In addition, the modern vehicle systems require high currents already at idle with an idling speed n _L. The result is that alternators are sought, their response especially

is advantageous. An air conditioner alone, which consumes 1'200W of power in a vehicle's 12V on-board network, must be supplied with a current of 100A for this purpose. There is thus a need for alternators that become more powerful. Also, the consumption figures are developing in an unfavorable direction.

In summary, it can be stated that the motor for rotating the alternator has to apply all the more mechanical power, the more electric power an alternator on the output side, e.g. to a vehicle battery B and / or to electrical consumers in the

Must give vehicle.

It arises in view of the problems described above, the task of providing a rotary-driven machine, which is designed particularly low-loss and which is able to deliver high currents from low speeds.

In addition, this machine should be able to deliver a high maximum current with reduced loss.

According to the invention, a machine is provided with a variable speed drivable shaft, which includes a common rotor which is coupled to the shaft. The machine has a first m-phase Stator circuit comprising m phase windings, which are connected in series electrically connected to a circle, each between two

successive phase windings each an output node for deriving an AC contribution is formed. In addition, the machine comprises at least a second m-phase stator circuit which has m phase windings. The m phase windings of the second m-phase stator circuit are

either electrically connected in succession to a circuit, each between two successive phase windings each one

Output node is designed for deriving an AC contribution, or they are connected to a star, each per coil, an output node for deriving an AC contribution is formed.

The machine of the invention is further characterized in that m is an integer greater than or equal to 2,

both stator circuits are magnetically excitable by the common rotor,

the phase windings of the first m-phase stator circuit have a first number of turns and the phase windings of the second m-phase

Stator circuit have a second number of turns, and wherein

the first number of turns is greater than the second number of turns.

Preferably, the 2 _* m current contributions (with m current contributions per stator circuit) in all embodiments circuit technology (eg, by the use of a downstream rectifier device) combined into a single total dc. But it is also possible that

To provide power contributions individually or to combine flexibly.

The invention is based on the recognition that the losses of a generator can be significantly reduced when the number of turns is reduced. On the one hand, a coil with a small number of turns has a shorter one

Wire length. This reduces the resistance. The losses can be significantly reduced.

In addition, reduce the number of turns and the

Eddy current loss of the generator, respectively the machine. However, since the amplitude of the AC voltage and thus the output voltage on the output side of a downstream rectifier device from the product of the magnetic flux, respectively, the magnetic flux and the number of turns, the number of turns can not be reduced arbitrarily, otherwise the Output voltage would be smaller than the voltage of the consumers to be supplied (eg a vehicle electrical system with 14.5V). This problem occurs especially at low speeds.

For vehicle applications with a 14.5V electrical system, embodiments of the invention are therefore preferred that have numbers of turns, which are in the range between 4 and 7.

The use of one or more phase winding / s with reduced number of turns, in addition to the disadvantage of reduced at low speeds voltage, but above all the advantage of significantly reduced losses, as indicated above. In addition, a low-winding phase winding provides high power, especially in the medium speed range. This aspect may be important, since such a machine should be particularly powerful in modern vehicles, especially in the mid-engine speed range (e.g., between 1 000 and 3 000 rpm).

According to the invention, a machine is deliberately used which comprises at least two stator circuits with different phase windings, wherein these two stator circuits differ at least due to different numbers of turns of their phase windings. It is therefore here also the concept of asymmetric windings or the

asymmetric stator circuits used.

According to the invention, each of the m phase windings can be designed for a different power development as a function of time or speed. At a given speed, each of the m supplies

Phase windings over wide speed ranges a different power contribution, with the corresponding current-speed characteristics intersect at a speed. Preferably, the machine of the invention in all embodiments comprises a rectifier device, the loss and

was optimized for low power, even at low speeds

sufficiently high DC voltage (e.g.> 14.5V) and high currents. In addition, then the combination of machine and rectifier device has a particularly good response even at low speeds.

In particular, it is about a machine that has a

Speed range (at the drive shaft of the machine) of e.g. 1,500 rpm to 22,000 rpm, reliable and stable.

In particular, it relates to a fast-response variable speed engine for providing a suitable DC voltage (e.g.,> 14.5V) and a high DC current (e.g.,> 100A).

In particular, it is about a machine that mechanical

Rotational energy loss converted into electrical energy to the

To help reduce fuel consumption and emissions of a vehicle significantly.

Preferably, in all embodiments of the machine, a rectifier device is used, which is constructed as an analog circuit that it switches at the zero crossing of the AC voltage. In addition, the rectifier device should be loss and voltage optimized to

together with a machine of the invention together an optimal

To form a combination.

Preferably, in all embodiments of the machine, a rectifier device is used, which has been optimized for loss, in order to make better use of the energy that is provided by the stator windings of the stator circuits.

All m phase windings of all Statorschaltungen according to the invention synchronously magnetic (in the case of a machine with permanent magnet) or synchronously electro-magnetically excited (in the case of a machine with current-fed field winding on the rotor). Either the generated

rotationally driven permanent magnet or the rotationally driven exciter winding a rotating excitation field that induces AC voltages and AC currents in the phase windings of all the stator circuits.

A machine of the invention can easily so

designed / dimensioned that they z. B. suitable for dining on 12V, 24V or 48V vehicle systems.

A vehicle equipped with a machine of the invention can feed several electrical consumers of the vehicle even at low speeds (for example, at the idle speed of the engine) without the vehicle

To over-discharge vehicle battery.

The invention is especially suitable for slowly rotating

Engines (such as diesel engines) to deliver high currents even at low speeds.

The invention is suitable inter alia for use with a

Claw pole generator, which serves as a generator of a vehicle and which is mechanically rotated by the vehicle engine.

Preferred embodiments can be found in the respective subclaims.

The invention is independent of the number of phases, wherein the number of phases in all embodiments at least m = 2. It can be, for example, also apply to three- and four-phase systems.

The invention can be applied to Vollpolgeneratoren and on

Salient pole generators or other generators with pronounced

Use rotor legs.

The invention can be applied to self-excited generators, in which the excitation DC current, which is used to power the field winding, is derived from one or more of the rectified currents of the phase windings. The machine of the invention is particularly suitable for island operation, in which the generator of the machine with at least one

Consumer is charged.

The invention is not limited to pot generators, e.g.

Claw pole generators, but also on compact generators (also called compact alternators) apply.

Depending on the constellation, the output voltage provided by a low speed engine of the invention may be less than the rated voltage (e.g., an on-board voltage of 14.5V of a vehicle). Such a lower voltage is therefore unusable, e.g. to feed the electrical system. In this case, according to the invention, the rectifier device can be extended by a transformer circuit which is able to up-convert the voltage before it enters the vehicle electrical system.

Further details and advantages of the invention will be described below with reference to embodiments and with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1A is a sectional view of a part of a claw pole generator of FIG

Prior art, as used in part in vehicle alternators;

Fig. 1B shows an exemplary current characteristic of such

Klauenpolgenerators, wherein the current is applied over the rotational speed of the drive shaft of the generator;

Fig. 2A shows a highly schematic representation of a first

Claw pole generator of the invention with 2 times m = 2

Phase windings, wherein each two of the phase windings have 4 turns and two phase windings each have 6 turns;

FIG. 2B shows a first electrical equivalent circuit of the generator of FIG.

2A, wherein the two 4-turn phase windings and the 2 6-turn phase windings each are connected together to form a circular-configuration stator circuit;

FIG. 2C shows a second electrical equivalent circuit of the generator of FIG.

2A, wherein the two phase windings with 4 turns to a Stator circuit connected in series or star configuration and the two phase windings with 6 turns are connected together to form a stator circuit with a circular configuration;

Fig. 3A shows a highly schematic representation of a second

Claw pole generator of the invention with 2 times m = 3

Phase windings, each three of the phase windings having 4 turns and three of the phase windings each having 6 turns;

FIG. 3B is an electrical equivalent circuit diagram of the generator of FIG. 3A; FIG.

wherein the 4-turn phase windings and the

Phase windings with 6 turns each to a stator circuit with

Circuit configuration are interconnected;

Fig. 4 shows a schematic perspective view of another machine of

Invention, which also has the structure of a Klauenpolgenerators here, Fig. 5 shows a schematic section of the stator of another

Machine of the invention, wherein a groove of the stator here with twelve

Winding wires is filled;

FIG. 6 shows the current characteristic of a generator based on the principle of FIG.

2A based, the current over the speed of the drive shaft of the

Generators is applied;

Fig. 7 shows details of another machine of the invention, the two

Stator circuits with m-phases, a rectifier device with

2 _* m rectifier circuits and a battery as a consumer shows.

[00043] The general term "alternating signal for time-dependent alternating voltage signals U (t) and also for time-dependent alternating current signals I (t) is used here.

As variable-speed rotary drive 110 is here that part or are here those parts of a generator G referred to, which are rotationally driven from the outside. The variable speed rotary drive 110 may be e.g. a pulley 3 and a drive shaft 4 (see Fig. 1A).

The rotary drive 110 may be designed and / or arranged differently in all embodiments of the invention than shown in Fig. 1A. The The word "variable speed" is used here to emphasize that the speed given by the rotary drive 110 to the generator G may change, for example, if the machine 100 is connected to the crankshaft of a vehicle engine via a belt drive, for example the speed at the generator G is linearly proportional to the speed of the vehicle engine, and speeds which relate to the generator G are marked with an asterisk * in order to be able to differentiate them from the speeds at the vehicle engine, for example n _L represents the idling speed of the engine Vehicle engine, whereas n ^* _{L stands} for the corresponding idle speed at the generator G. At a fixed ratio of, for example, 1: 3, the speeds at the vehicle engine can be converted by multiplying it into the speeds at the generator G.

However, the word "variable speed" also implies that the machine 100 must be specially designed throughout

Speed range (eg, from idle n ^* _L up to a maximum speed n * _ma x at the generator G) to operate reliably and thermally stable.

In order to convert the alternating current signals I (t), which provides a generator G of the invention, into direct currents, preferably in all embodiments, a rectifier device 20 is used, such. B. shown in Fig. 7.

As direct current contribution I.m here the direct current of the m-th phase winding on the output side of the rectifier device 20 is referred to. The generator G comprises in all embodiments at least two stator circuits, which are designated here by G1 and G2. These

Stator circuits Gl, G2 feed several phase-shifted

AC contributions I.m (t) in the rectifier device 20, wherein each of these AC contributions I.m (t) separately by one associated

Rectifier circuit 40. r rectifier device 20 is processed and rectified, such. shown in Fig. 7.

It should be noted that even an optimally functioning rectifier device 20 is not capable of an alternating current, respectively

Completely rectify AC voltage. Each DC contribution Im has in practice on the DC side of the rectifier device 20 (ie on the output side, which is shown in Fig. 7, right) a Restwellig speed (also called ripple). The terms "DC contribution," and "DC," are therefore not narrowly understood.

The residual ripple can in all embodiments e.g. be smoothed by an optional low pass filter 30 on the output side of the rectifier device 20, e.g. shown in Fig. 7.

In Fig. 2A, the example of a first Innenpolgenerators G is shown in the form of a claw pole generator. In the plan view shown, it can be seen how alternately the individual claws of the rotor 1 engage with each other. The excitation winding 7, which is part of the rotor 1, can not be seen in FIG. 2A. The excitation winding 7 is supplied with a direct current, e.g. above

Slip rings 8 (as shown in Fig. 1A shown) is supplied and it is built

magnetic field that rotates when the rotor 1 is rotated. In Fig. 2A symbolically indicated by the arrow co (t) that the rotor 1 is rotationally driven. ω (ί) stands for the time-variable angular velocity. The time variability results from varying the speed, e.g. of the vehicle engine when accelerating from the idle gas (with the

Idle speed n _{L of} the engine).

The magnetic field lines of the rotor 1 enforce all

Windings of the stator 5 (called stator windings 6 or phase windings 6.m) and induce in each of the phase windings 6.m one

AC voltage, m is an integer> 2 in all embodiments.

In Fig. 2A of the stator 5, only the phase windings 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, 6.5 are shown. The stator 5 itself is not shown. The stator 5 preferably comprises in all embodiments an iron core (eg

stacked and mutually insulated laminated cores consisting) to connect the individual phase windings together to form a magnetic circuit mK, which is shown in Fig. 2A only hinted by a dashed circle.

According to the invention, there are always several on the stator 5

Phase windings (eg 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, 6.5) are present, these being Phase windings are each arranged angularly offset from each other. In Fig. 2A, the angular offset between two adjacent phase windings (eg between the phase winding 6.1 of the first stator circuit Gl and the phase winding 6.4 of the second stator G2) each 90 degrees and the angular offset between two phase windings of a stator (eg between the phase windings 6.1 and 6.2 the stator circuit Gl) is 180 degrees.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the machine 100 comprises two stator circuits Gl, G2, which are magnetically and mechanically coupled but electrically / galvanically isolated. The machine 100 can be at all

Embodiments also include more than two stator circuits Gl, G2.

As magnetic and mechanical coupling are here

Constellations in which all the phase windings of all

Stator circuits (for example, the two stator circuits Gl and G2) are arranged on or on a stator 5, wherein these stator circuits are magnetically excited by a common rotor 1.

According to the invention all m phase windings synchronously magnetically (in the case of a generator G with permanent magnet) or synchronously electro-magnetically excited (in the case of a generator G with current-fed excitation winding on the rotor 1). Either generates the rotationally driven

Permanent magnet or the rotationally driven exciter winding a rotating exciter field, in time sequence (given by the momentary

Angular velocity co (t)) induced in the m phase windings AC voltages.

The number of pole pairs p of the rotor 1 and the number of revolutions of the rotor 1 per unit time (here rpm) have a directly proportional influence on the frequency of the alternating voltages or alternating currents which at the corresponding (output) node kl, k2, k3, etc., of the phase windings 6.m. In the embodiment of Fig. 2A is the

Pole pair number p = 5. The poles of the rotor 1 are denoted by Np for magnetic north pole and Sp for magnetic south pole Sp. The first stator circuit Gl of FIG. 2A comprises m = 2

Phase windings 6.1, 6.2, which are connected in series electrically to a circle, as can be seen in Fig. 2B and 2C. The

Phase windings are also provided with the reference symbols R, S and T, as is customary in three-phase systems. An index is used to indicate the number of turns of a phase winding. R ₄ stands, for example, for a winding R with the number of windings w 2 = 4. For example, Re stands for a winding R with the number of windings w. l = 6.

Here, the circuit is referred to as the parallel connection of two phase windings (see, for example, the stator circuit Gl in FIGS. 2B and 2C). A

Delta connection (also called a delta or three-wire system) is considered a circuit comprising three phase windings (see, for example, the stator circuits Gl and G2 in Fig. 3B). An m-corner circuit is also considered as a circle comprising m phase windings.

In Fig. 2C, the m = 2 phase windings R * and S ₄ of

Stator circuit G2 connected in series. Such a series connection is regarded as a degenerate star connection, the star having only two beams. The neutral point Stp does not have to be led to the outside in the stator circuit G2 of FIG. 2C. A classic star connection, like this from

Three-phase generators is known, has three beams with e.g. one each

Phase winding.

Depending on the wiring of the stator circuits Gl, G2, there are different output nodes, which are designated here by kl, k2, k3, etc. The output nodes in stator circuits of the invention are points or locations on the phase windings designed to remove AC currents. In practice, an output node may e.g. be the open end of a winding wire connected to a solder point or a terminal.

Preferably, in all embodiments of the invention, the output nodes kl, k2, k3, etc., are electrically connected to (supply) nodes al, a2, a3, etc. of the rectifier circuits 40, r (see FIG. 7). Typically, an output node k1, k2, k3, etc., designed to derive an AC contribution I.I (t), I.2 (t), I.3 (t), etc., is in each case between two consecutive ones Phase windings 6.m. Examples of this can be seen, for example, in FIGS. 2B, 2C and 3B.

According to the invention, the m phase windings 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 of the first m-phase stator circuit Gl are always connected to a circuit, it should be noted that the first stator circuit Gl respectively the stator circuit with the larger number of turns w. 1 (in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B: w = 1 = 6).

In FIGS. 2B and 2C, the circuit becomes a parallel connection of the phase windings R ₆ and Se. In FIG. 3B, this circle becomes a triangle with the phase windings Re, Sö and Je.

In Fig. 3B, a preferred embodiment is shown, which in the case of the first stator circuit Gl per leg of the delta connection one each

Includes parallel connection of two phase windings.

According to the invention, the m phase windings 6.4, 6.5, 6.6 of the second m-phase stator circuit G2 can be connected either to a circuit or to a (degenerate) star. It should be noted that the second

Stator circuit G2 is in each case the stator circuit with the smaller number of turns w.2 (in the figures 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B applies: w.2 = 4).

In Fig. 2B from the circuit is a parallel circuit of

Phase windings R4 and S _4th In Fig. 2C from the star a series circuit of the phase windings R4 and _S4. In FIG. 3B, the circle becomes a triangle with the phase windings R ₄ , S ₄ and T ₄ .

In Fig. 3B a preferred embodiment is shown, the pro

Leg of the delta connection of the second stator G2 each one

Parallel connection of three phase windings includes.

Such an arrangement, as specifically shown in Fig. 3B, may be advantageous as far as the degree of filling of the slots of the stator 5, as will be explained, the m = 3 phase windings with each w. l = 6 turns multiplied by two, because of the two parallel windings, the number 36 results. Similarly, for the m = 3 phase windings with w.2 = 3 turns multiplied by three, because of the three windings connected in parallel, the number 36 results. The corresponding number of winding wires can be uniformly accommodated in 72 slots 10 of a stator 5 , These numbers are to be understood as an example.

So far, a rotor 1 has been described with exciter winding 7, since this represents a preferred embodiment of the invention. The exciter field can in all embodiments but also by one or more

Permanent magnets are generated magnetically, instead of being generated electro-magnetically by means of a field winding 7, since both generate a temporally constant magnetic field.

As the machine 100 here is referred to a device comprising a variable speed rotary drive 110 (e.g., in the form of a mechanically rotary drive shaft 4) and at least two M-phase

Stator circuits Gl, G2 includes. The machine 100 of the invention comprises a rotor 1 coupled to the rotary drive 110 (permanently excited or

DC-excited) and a stator 5, which in turn carries the at least two m-phase stator circuits Gl, G2.

The type of representation of the phase windings 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, 6.5 in Fig. 2A and the phase windings 6.1 to 6.6 in Fig. 3A is purely schematic. In an efficient machine 100 of the invention, the individual winding strands of the phase windings are typically different than shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 3A.

In Fig. 4 is indicated by a schematic representation that the winding wires of the phase windings are meandering through grooves 10 of the stator 5 are performed. On the cylindrical stator 5 of FIG. 4, for better clarity, only five grooves 10 (of eg 72 grooves 10) are shown. The grooves 10 extend parallel to the axis of rotation RA. Only a short part of a winding wire 11 of a phase winding is shown. The end of the winding is guided radially outwards and can serve as output node kl of the phase winding, for example. The winding wire 11 extends in a groove 10 parallel to the rotation axis RA down (section 11. a), then follows a short cross-connection 11 b, which runs along the circumference, before the winding wire 11 in another groove 10 parallel to the rotation axis RA upwards (section 11. c). This is followed by a short cross-connection 11.d, which runs along the circumference, before the winding wire 11 again extends downwards in a further groove 10 parallel to the axis of rotation RA (section 11.e).

In Fig. 4, the drive shaft 4, which here rotatably drives the rotor 1, indicated schematically. The drive shaft 4 serves as a rotary drive 110.

Since a plurality of phase windings are present on the stator 5 according to the invention, which are each arranged angularly offset from each other, several winding wires run through each of the grooves 10. In Fig. 5, the section of another stator 5 is shown by way of example. There are several grooves 10 can be seen. In one of the grooves 10, for example, a plurality of parallel winding wires can be seen. In total, twelve extend here

Winding wires 11 through a groove 10th

Furthermore, the machine 100 comprises a rectifier device 20 having 2 times m rectifier circuits 40. r, such. B. shown in Fig. 7. Each of the m phases of the first stator circuit Gl and each of the m phases of the second stator circuit G2 is each assigned to one of the 2 times m rectifier circuits 40. r.

The stator circuits Gl, G2 of the machine 100 are preferably designed in all embodiments as a rotating field machines, which are penetrated by a common, rotating exciter field. That the

at least two stator circuits Gl, G2 are mechanically and magnetically linked together.

So far, exemplary embodiments are based on the

corresponding figures have been described. Below are some statements that may help as needed and

Requirement profile to make optimizations. Some of the following statements are deliberately formulated in a general form. The corresponding statements are generally valid and can be applied to all embodiments. If necessary When designing a machine 100 of the invention, one, several or all statements can be considered:

- the number of turns w. By definition, l is always larger than that

Number of turns w.2;

- the number of turns w. l and w.2 do not have to be integers (one

Phase winding can z. B. also w. l = 6.5 windings);

The higher the number of turns w.m of a phase winding 6.m, the earlier this phase winding 6.m provides a usable current contribution I.m;

A phase winding 6.m with a high number of turns w.m is not able to supply such high maximum currents as a phase winding 6.m with a lower number of turns w.m;

a phase winding 6.m with a small number of turns w.m has a smaller one due to the reduced length of the winding wire 11

Internal resistance. As a result, the electrical losses are reduced, this reduction of the losses depending on the square of the current flowing through the phase winding 6.m.

in a three-phase embodiment (i.e., m = 3), e.g. In Figs. 3A, 3B, the pole pair number is preferably p = 5 if the angular offset between the phase winding 6.m of the first stator circuit Gl and the second stator circuit G2 is 60 degrees;

- The filling factor of the grooves 10 in / on the stator 5 should be the same as possible in all grooves along the stator circumference;

The phase winding 6.m are preferably arranged meander-shaped on the stator 5 (see, for example, FIG.

Winding wires 11 through which high currents flow should have the highest possible electrical conductivity (therefore they are made, for example, from high-purity copper wire);

It is an advantage of phase winding 6 .m with small winding number w. 2 that this phase winding 6 .mu. Causes a lower groove flooding than a phase winding 6 .m with large winding number w. l. This results in namely lower losses in the winding wire. In addition, the

Iron losses in the stator 5 also significantly reduced, since a reduction in the number of turns wm reduces the eddy current losses in the stator 5. - Phase winding 6.m with a small number of turns w.2 supplies higher electrical power than high-speed phase winding 6.m, especially at high speeds

- By using at least two stator circuits Gl, G2, which are equipped with phase winding 6.m with different numbers of turns w.m, the losses of the machine 100 can be reduced and it can be achieved in the upper speed range increased electrical power;

an angular offset is required between the phase windings 6.m of the first stator circuit Gl and the phase windings 6.m of the second stator circuit G2 so that the alternating voltages can be rectified separately (eg in a common rectifier device 20);

- To cross or return currents between the phase winding 6.m the

To avoid different stator circuits Gl, G2, the output side of the stator circuits Gl, G2 a rectifier device 20 is provided, the z. B. diodes Dl, D2 and / or field-effect transistors (FETs) comprises;

- There should be no galvanic connection between 6.m phase winding with different winding numbers w.m;

- The stator circuit Gl with the phase winding 6.m with the larger one

Number of turns w. l is preferably always connected as a circle constellation (see FIGS. 2B, 2C, 3B);

- The stator circuit G2 with the phase winding 6.m with the smaller

Winding number w.2 can be a circle constellation (see FIGS. 2B, 3B) or

Star constellation (see Fig. 2C) to be connected;

- If the output voltage (AC voltage) at the node of the

Stator circuit G2 with the smaller number of turns w.2 at low

Speed should be too low, so between the corresponding The stator G2 and the rectifier device 20 a

Transformation circuit 31 may be arranged to transform the voltage upward (in Fig. 7 as an optional circuit block indicated).

Preferably, all embodiments of the invention have a

Rectifier device 20 is used which comprises low threshold voltage diodes and / or FETs. These FETs, if present, are preferably so analogously driven in all embodiments of the invention by a circuit that the FETs are already close to the Zero crossing of the output voltages (AC voltages) at the nodes of the stator circuits Gl, G2 switch.

It can be in all embodiments of the invention at each

Phase winding 6.m two or more than two windings are connected in parallel (see for example Fig. 3B).

In part, these statements are explained below with reference to characteristic curves of FIG. 6. It is a Innenpolgenerator G, which has a rotor 1 with a rotor winding, which serves as a field winding. M = 3 phase windings 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 are provided on the common stator, which are part of a first stator circuit Gl. The phase windings 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 all have a number of turns w. In addition, m = 3 phase windings 6.4, 6.5 and 6.6, which are part of a second stator circuit G2, are provided on the common stator. The phase windings 6.4, 6.5 and 6.6 all have a winding number w.2 = 4. In FIG

Equivalent circuit diagram of this embodiment shown.

In Fig. 6 are now exemplary current characteristics of such

Machine 100 of the invention shown schematically. The direct current is applied across the speed of the drive shaft 4 of the machine 100. It was assumed that a ratio of 1: 2.5 between the crankshaft of the engine and the drive shaft 4. One can therefore convert the speeds shown in Fig. 6 into corresponding engine speeds by dividing the values by 2.5.

6 shows in addition to the current characteristic Sk. L of the first stator circuit Gl and the current characteristic Sk.2 of the second stator circuit G2 also the

Current characteristic Sk _{ges of} the total current I _tot . The current characteristic Sk _{ges of} the total current I _tot is obtained by adding the two current characteristics Sk. L and Sk.2 of the two current contributions.

Fig. 6 shows that at the speed n ^* _L = 2Ό00 U / min, the phase windings 6.4, 6.5, 6.6 with w.2 = 4 windings of the second

Stator G2 provide a higher power contribution. The current contribution of the first stator circuit Gl (with w.l = 6 windings) is lower. [00085] To the left of the dash-dotted vertical line at n ^* _L = 2Ό00 rpm, it can be seen that the two current characteristics Sk l and Sk 2 intersect. The current characteristic Sk. L of the stator circuit G2 has a significantly greater slope here. The current characteristic Sk.2 of the stator circuit Gl has a lower slope here. This means that the current characteristic Sk.2 of the first stator circuit Gl already starts to deliver a current contribution at lower speeds (with n <2Ό00 rpm).

The advantages which are achieved with an asymmetrical number of turns of the stator circuits Gl, G2 of the machines 100 can be advantageously made technically usable especially in a machine 100 when the stator circuits Gl, G2 of the machines 100 comprise a rectifier device 20 food, which is designed to avoid an electrical short circuit between the m phase windings with different number of turns. Therefore, in all embodiments, diodes and / or analogously connected FETs are preferably used here.

In addition, the rectifier device 20 should be designed so efficient and low loss, that the early response of the first

Statorschaltung G can make usable at all. Therefore, the diodes (e.g., Dl, D2) and / or FETs of the rectifier device 20 connected in an analogous manner should be voltage-optimized.

[00088] Preferably, in all embodiments of the machine 100, a rectifier device 20 is used, which is constructed as an analog circuit so that it switches at the zero crossing of the AC voltages.

For this purpose, such a rectifier device 20 preferably has a rectifier circuit 40.r for each of the r = 2 _* m phases in all embodiments, as shown in FIG. If the two

asymmetrical stator circuits Gl, G2 of the invention e.g. each m = 3

Have phase windings, the rectifier device 20 has a total of 2 times 3 = 6 rectifier circuits 40. r on.

Unlike the usual diode rectifiers, which have a series connection of, for example, two silicon diodes per phase, here are per phase either at least one FET (field-effect transistor) and at least one diode or per phase either at least two FETs (field-effect transistors) provided.

[00091] Preferably, each of the r rectifier circuits 40.r comprises in all embodiments:

a feed node al, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, which is connected to the output node k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6 of the corresponding phase winding 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6,

- Two diodes Dl, D2, one of which between the supply node al, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 and an upper potential point V + and the other between the feed node al, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 and a lower potential point V- is arranged.

[00092] Preferably, each of the r rectifier circuits 40.r comprises in all embodiments:

a diode D 1 arranged between the supply node a 1, a 2, a 3, a 4, a 5, a 6 and an upper potential point V +,

- At least one field effect transistor (not shown), which is arranged between the supply node al, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 and a lower potential point V-.

It is an advantage of the invention that by the targeted change in the number of turns (s) of the stator circuits Gl, G2 at the same

Size in principle can provide the same load current as in a conventional generator G with the same number of turns of all m

Phase windings. Reference numerals:

where r is an integer> m Rotation axis of the drive shaft RA

Inductors / coils (4 windings) R ₄ , S ₄ , T ₄

Inductors / coils (6 windings) RÖ, Se, Ö

Current characteristics Sk. L, Sk.2

Current characteristic of the total current Skqes

South Pole Sp

Star point Stp

Time t

AC signal UCt

Speed rpm

Angular velocity) (t)

Number of turns (number of w.m

Turns); Number greater than or equal to 1

Claims

claims

1st machine (100) with

a variable speed drivable shaft (4, RA),

a common rotor (1) coupled to the shaft (4, RA),

a first m-phase stator circuit (Gl) comprising m phase windings (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) connected in series electrically to a circuit, each between two consecutive

Phase windings (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) are each formed an output node (kl, k2, k3) for deriving an AC contribution (I. l (t), I.2 (t), I.3 (t)),

- A second m-phase stator circuit (G2), the m phase windings (6.4, 6.5, 6.6), the

o are either electrically connected in series to form a circuit, each time between two successive phase windings (6.4, 6.5, 6.6) one output node (k4, k5, k6) for deriving an alternating current contribution (I.4 (t), I.5 ( t), I.6 (t)),

o or which are connected to a star, wherein in each case one coil (6.4, 6.5, 6.6) has one output node (k4, k5, k6) for deriving an alternating current contribution (I.4 (t), I.5 (t), I.6 (t)) is formed,

in which

- m is an integer greater than or equal to 2,

- Both stator circuits (Gl, G2) are magnetically excitable by the common rotor (1),

all phase windings (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) of the first m-phase stator circuit (G1) have a first number of turns (w.1) and all

Phase windings (6.4, 6.5, 6.6) of the second m-phase stator circuit (G2) have a second number of turns (w.2), and wherein

- The first number of turns (w.l) is greater than the second number of turns

(W.2).

2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the two

Stator circuits (Gl, G2) are part of a Innenpolgenerators.

3. Machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the common rotor (1) is either a permanent magnet rotor or an electro-magnetic rotor with exciter winding (7).

4. Machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the first number of turns (w. L) and the second number of turns (w.2) are numbers greater than or equal to 1.

5. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a rectifier device (20) with r rectifier circuits (40. r), where r is an integer greater than or equal to m, and wherein

preferably, r = 2 _* m.

6. Machine according to claim 5, characterized in that each of the m

Phase windings (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) of the first m-phase stator circuit (Gl) and each of the m phase windings (6.4, 6.5, 6.6) of the second m-phase stator (G2) each one of the r rectifier circuits (40. r) is assigned ,

7. Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that each of the

Phase windings (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6) on an output side of the rectifier device (20) provides a speed-dependent DC contribution (I.m).

A machine according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that each of the r rectifier circuits (40.r) comprises:

a feed node (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) connected to the output node (kl, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6) of the corresponding phase winding (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6) connected is,

two diodes (D1, D2), one between the supply node (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) and an upper potential point (k +) and the other between the supply node (al, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) and a lower potential point (k-) is arranged.

A machine according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that each of the r rectifier circuits (40.r) comprises: a feed node (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) connected to the output node (kl, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6) of the corresponding phase winding (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6) connected is,

a diode (Dl) connected between the feeding node and an upper one

Potential point (k +) is arranged,

- At least one field-effect transistor, which is arranged between the supply node (al, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) and a lower potential point (k-).

A machine (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that when the generator (G) is driven by the shaft (4, RA) at an increasing speed,

- The m-phase windings (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) of the first m-phase

Stator circuit (Gl) on the output side provide a current contribution, which has a first response and a first maximum current contribution, and

- The second of the m-phase windings (6.4, 6.5, 6.6) of the second m-phase stator circuit (G2) on the output side provides a current contribution, a second response and a second maximum

Electricity amount,

wherein the first response applied to the speed has a slope which is greater than the slope of the second

Response.

11. Machine (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that the second maximum amount of current is greater than the first maximum amount of current.