WO2018050139A1

WO2018050139A1 - Heat storage heating system and method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2018050139A1
Application number: PCT/DE2017/000294
Authority: WO
Inventors: Carl Heinrich SCHMITT; Michael Sonnekalb
Original assignee: Konvekta Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung Und Co Kommanditgesellschaft Spezialwerk Für Fahrzeugkühlung Und Klimatisierung
Priority date: 2016-09-17
Filing date: 2017-09-09
Publication date: 2018-03-22
Also published as: DE102016117545A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating system (1) for a vehicle which can be at least partially electrically driven, said heating system having at least one heat reservoir (9, 23) and at least one heating device (3) with at least one heat exchanger (5). The at least one heating device (3) is coupled thermally at least to the at least one heat reservoir (9). The thermal medium of the at least one heat reservoir (9) comprises water as at least the main component, and the heating system (1) comprises at least one heater that can be electrically operated to supply heat to the thermal medium in at least one (9) of the at least one heat reservoir (9, 23). Heat can thus be stored and used to heat a vehicle of this type. The invention also relates to a method for heat storage and for heating with a heating system (1) of this type.

Description

HEAT STORAGE HEATING SYSTEM AND METHOD THEREFOR

description

The invention relates to a heating system for a

At least partially electrically driven vehicle with at least one heat storage and at least one

Heating device with at least one heat exchanger, wherein the at least one heating device is thermally coupled at least to the at least one heat storage. The invention further relates to a method for the

Heat storage and heating with such

Heating system. An electrically drivable vehicle has at least one electrically operable

Drive. A partially electrically driven vehicle, such as in particular a hybrid vehicle (HEV = hybrid

Electric Vehicle or PHEV = Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), not only has an electrically operable drive as a drive.

The at least one heating device of the heating system is with its at least one heat exchanger, in particular for heating the interior, such as the

Passenger compartment, provided at least partially electrically driven vehicle. Such a vehicle is for example a hybrid vehicle or a pure one

Electric vehicle. Especially in the case of pure electric vehicles, the heating system consumes a lot of energy from the electrically rechargeable energy store in the cold, which is at the expense of the range for the electric operation of the vehicle. A heat storage of the heating system relieved by the in it storable heat the energy storage.

Heating systems are known for an at least partially electrically driven vehicle with at least one heat storage. Thus, in DE 10 2009 022 300 A1

discloses such vehicle with a heating system for heating the passenger compartment with thermally coupled to the heater heat storage in particular latent heat storage, wherein the heat storage heat loss of at least one component of the vehicle via a

Transfer refrigeration cycle stores and after a

Embodiment also still one from the

Energieversorgungsne z speisbare additional heating, with the operation of which is entered in the heat storage energy can be increased comprises. DE 10 2009 034 223 A1 also discloses, inter alia, a heating system for an electrically drivable vehicle with latent heat storage means which can be charged in particular via an external energy supply. As the heat medium of a conventional latent heat storage phase change materials such as paraffin wax or are used with melting temperatures of 60 to 80 degrees Celsius, although a thermal storage capacity of about 67 watt hours per kilogram can reach, but still with about 10 to 20 euros per kilogram relative are expensive. The thermal storage capacity can be increased only slightly by simple means.

The invention is therefore based on the first object, an improved heating system for an at least partially electrically driven vehicle with at least one.

Heat storage and at least one heater to provide at least one heat exchanger. Corresponding second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth tasks are secondarily a heat storage for such a heating system, thirdly a heating device for such a heating system, fourthly a heat pump for such a heating system, fifthly a hybrid or

Electric vehicle with such a heating system and sixthly provide a method for heat storage and heating with such a heating system.

Summary of the invention

The first object is achieved by a heating system according to the features of claim 1. Because of that

Heating system for an at least partially electrically driven vehicle with at least one heat storage and at least one heater with at least one heat exchanger, wherein the at least one heater is thermally coupled at least to the at least one heat storage, at least one electrically operable

Heating to the heat medium in at least one of

comprises at least one heat storage heat, and comprises the heat medium of the at least one heat storage water as at least predominant component, the first object is achieved. In this case, water as the at least predominant component of the heat medium means that the mass fraction of water in the heat medium is more than 50 percent. For example, besides water, too

or

The

at least, for example, below also an indirect thermal coupling over a

intermediate circuit, such as a refrigerant circuit of a heat pump to understand. In addition to the electrically heatable heating, other heat sources for supplying heat to the heat medium are additionally possible, in particular waste heat from other components of the vehicle such as, for example, the drive motor.

The heating system according to the invention is mainly due to the cost-effective heat medium advantage. Such a heat medium can be easily fed heat with an electrically operable heating. Furthermore, the thermal storage capacity of the heat medium when heated from 50 to 100 degrees Celsius operating temperature with

at least about 58 watt-hours per kilogram at

Example, water sufficiently high, which can be significantly increased by simple means such as higher pressure. In addition, the heat medium is easy to handle and not harmful to health.

In the subclaims are advantageous embodiments, developments and improvements of the respective

Subject of the invention specified. According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the heat medium of at least one

Heat storage water. Water is easy to handle as a heat medium, especially inexpensive, not

harmful to health and yet has a higher compared to mixtures such as an aqueous salt solution or a water-glycol mixture

specific thermal storage capacity. Water has one specific heat capacity of 4.2 kJ / kgK and a

Normal boiling point of 100 degrees Celsius.

Preferably, at least one of the at least one

Heat accumulator for pressurized with

Heat medium formed. Due to the increase in pressure of the heat medium, in particular due to the higher because of the increase in the boiling point possible operating temperatures can be a significantly higher thermal

Storage capacity of the predominantly water existing heat medium, such as especially in pure water, reach. The water can absorb more heat by heating to higher temperatures, even the specific one

Heat capacity of water increases slightly to higher temperatures. So it is 4.4 kJ / kgK at 170 degrees Celsius. From 100 degrees Celsius, some water evaporates and given the volume and sufficient pressure resistance of the heat accumulator, the pressure in the heat accumulator increases. With the pressure, the boiling temperature rises again. At an overpressure of 3 bar, the boiling point is about 144

Degrees Celsius, at 7 bar overpressure already 170 degrees Celsius. This allows more heat per kilogram of water

store, resulting in lower weight of the filled

Heat storage or leads to more storable in the heat storage energy. Particularly advantageous is a heat accumulator, which is designed for with an overpressure in the range of 3 to 7 bar acted upon heat medium. In this pressure range, the thermal

Effectively increase storage capacity of water. So in this pressure range at sufficiently high pressure alone therefore approximately a doubling of the thermal storage capacity of the water is possible. Especially at a heat storage in which the predominantly made of water heat medium with an overpressure in the range of 4.5 to 5.5 bar can be acted upon, can be a

operate such a heating system with a relatively small amount of heat medium effectively, without the heat storage must be designed particularly pressure-resistant for pressures of more than 5.5 bar.

According to an advantageous development, the at least one electrically operable heater for supplying heat into the heat medium in at least one of the at least one heat storage via a connectable power supply externally supplied with power. Thus, this heater does not need to be operated electrically from the vehicle's internal energy storage, but the heat storage can be charged via a connectable external power supply by means of the electrically operable heater with heat. Preferably, the inventive

Heating system designed such that the external

Power supply for the at least one heater for

Supplying heat into the heat medium in at least one of the at least one heat storage via a

Fast charging station is feasible. This can be charged particularly quickly, for example, parallel to the charging of the battery for driving the vehicle, the heat storage with heat. As a result, the time period for the external charging of the at least one is advantageous

Heat storage compared to the later heating time in the intended vehicle considerably shorter. Thus, parallel to the period for the rapid charging of the battery for the electric drive of the vehicle in about the same period of time, the at least one heat storage with sufficient heat will be charged for heating the vehicle.

The nominal heating power for a vehicle is calculated as an example as follows:

It is aimed at a C02 concentration in the interior of not more than 1500 ppm. This requires a fresh air volume of 15 m ^J / h per person. At a

Temperature difference of 20 K between the indoor air and the ambient air would thereby

15m ³ / h / 3600s / h * l, 2kg / m ³ * 1000J / kgK * 20K = 100W

Heat deprived of the vehicle per person. But this also corresponds approximately to the heat release of the seated person. To maintain a temperature difference of 20, e.g. inside + 20 ° C and outside 0 ° C, must therefore the

Heat transmission are compensated by the vehicle wall. For a 12m long bus, the surface area is about 150 m2 and the insulation is about 3.4 W / m2K. This results in a heat transmission of about 10000 W. This is the nominal heat output for this vehicle.

For a smaller vehicle (car) with only 26, 5 m2

Surface and due to the larger windows of a slightly poorer insulation of 4 W / m2K is the

Nominal heating power about 2100 W

An advantage is a heating system according to the invention, in which their thermal charging capacity is greater than or equal to the

Nominal heat output of a vehicle intended for the heating system for a period of half an hour, preferably one hour to a maximum of two hours. Thus, for the daily operation of such a vehicle for effective discharge of the battery for the vehicle drive sufficient thermal charging capacity for heating exists without having to be carried too much mass with the at least one heat storage.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the thermal coupling of at least one of the at least one heat accumulator and the at least one heating device is set up directly via exchange of heat medium. Thus, the heat medium directly over the heat exchanger of the heater is used to heat the interior of the vehicle. This saves energy, material and costs and is a simple solution for the transfer of heat from the heat storage. For example, in the

Heating system by means of a variable pump exchange of the heat medium between the heat storage and heating done.

According to an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the at least one heat accumulator stores sensible heat and is operable with a temperature for the heat medium within a temperature range of more than 50 degrees Celsius to at least 144 degrees Celsius, preferably up to 170 degrees Celsius. These high operating temperatures significantly increase the thermal storage capacity. Thus, up to 144 degrees Celsius water in the liquid state at an overpressure of at least 3 bar can still be used as a heat medium. For liquid water up to 155 degrees Celsius, an overpressure of 4.5 bar is necessary and up to 162 degrees Celsius, an overpressure of 5.5 bar for liquid Water required. At 170 degrees Celsius for still liquid water as a heat medium, an overpressure of even 7 bar is necessary, which, however, a high thermal

Storage capacity of over 116 watt-hours per kilogram for heating from 50 degrees Celsius to 170 degrees Celsius at still low cost compared to

for example, a paraffin heat storage or a lithium-ion battery results. According to an advantageous development, the

Heating system additionally comprises at least one at least one compressor and at least one expansion element comprehensive heat pump, wherein the heat pump is thermally coupled to the at least one heater and / or at least one of the at least one heat storage. With such a heat pump, the heating capacity of the heating system can be effectively increased. With a heat pump can be a multiple of that used for the heat pump

electrical power of the heat source, such as the

Heat storage or the environment to be withdrawn and raised to a higher temperature level for the heater. With the help of a heat pump, a very high thermal storage capacity of 320 watt-hours per kilogram of heat medium is possible. So you can achieve a long heating time for the vehicle interior with little additional mass and relatively low energy consumption. Furthermore, the cost is significantly lower compared to a heater alone via a correspondingly enlarged lithium-ion battery.

Preferably, at least one of the at least one heat accumulator is also used as a cold-side heat exchanger formed at least one heat pump and thermally coupled to this. So can the heat medium in the

Heat storage in a simple manner particularly effective up to otherwise unreachable low temperatures much heat for heating the F'ahrzeuginnenraums be withdrawn, thus increasing the thermal storage capacity.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the at least one heat pump of the heating system on the heat side by means of a heat exchanger, in particular one

Hot water heat exchanger to the at least one

Heating system of the heating system via exchange of heat medium from the heat exchanger to the heat exchanger

Heating device thermally coupled. This is the

Heat transfer from the heat pump to the heater for heating the vehicle interior particularly effective. The effectiveness can be achieved by a heat exchanger, which is also a heat storage of the at least one heat storage, and wherein he acted upon with overpressure

Heat medium is formed, further increase.

According to an advantageous embodiment of

heating system according to the invention, at least one of the at least one heat storage is suitable to store sensitive and latent heat of the heat medium, such as

in particular as an ice storage, and is adapted to be operable at a temperature for the heat medium within a temperature range of -5 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius. This is not

excluded that the heat exchanger can not be operated for lower and / or higher temperatures. It can thus also latent heat in the heat medium like especially during the phase transition from ice to water

are stored, which significantly increases the thermal storage capacity and thus significantly reduces the mass of heat medium at the same heating time for the vehicle interior. In particular, by using a built-in heat pump can work in the heating system with an ice storage as thermally coupled to the cold side of the heat pump heat storage. The externally supplied with electric power heater thaws during charging the ice frozen by the heat pump in the heat storage then back to liquid water as a heat medium, with latent heat from the heat medium in addition to the sensible heat is absorbed by heating the heat medium. An ice storage requires advantageous if at all, because of its low operating temperatures, if at all, only a small heat insulation.

Finally, the features of the subclaims may be substantially freely combined with each other and not determined by the order set forth in the claims, as long as they are independent of each other. For example, a combination of the features of

Subclaims 13 and 16 with those of the subclaim 15, ie of a cold-side ice storage as the first electrically heatable heat storage of the heating system and thermally coupled via the heat pump as a hot water heat exchanger additionally designed as a pressurized water storage second heat storage of the heating system, an advantage.

The second object is achieved by a heat accumulator according to the features of claim 17. The third object is achieved by a heating device according to the features of claim 18. The fourth object is achieved by a heat pump according to the features of claim 19.

The fifth object is achieved by a hybrid vehicle or electric vehicle in accordance with the ^'features of claim twentieth

The sixth task is through a procedure for the

Heat storage and heating with a heating system according to the invention as described in claim 21.

With regard to advantages and advantageous embodiments and / or developments with regard to the solutions of the second to sixth objects, the above statements on the solution of the first object and the subclaims relating to the invention are correspondingly made

Heating system referenced. In particular, the

Embodiments of the method according to the invention

Loading of the heat storage

heat medium according to the invention with overpressure, especially by heating it above 100 degrees Celsius, an advantage. A further particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the steps of firstly storing heat generated by the respective electrical heater of the heat medium both in the heat exchanger which is designed as an overpressure heat exchanger for the heat pump and in the heat exchanger which is cold-side to the heat pump Second, the output of the acted upon with overpressure

Heat storage stored heat of the heat medium to the heater for heating, third, after lowering the temperature of the heat medium in the overpressure

act on heat storage to a predetermined value that of pumping by means of the heat pump in the as

Ice storage trained heat storage stored heat of the heat medium to the heat medium in with overpressure

acted upon heat storage, and fourth, the output of the heat medium of the pressurizable heat accumulator heatable heat pumped to the heater for heating. The penultimate and last process step can also be done in parallel, so that when pumping heat from the heat medium of the trained as ice storage

Heat storage to heat medium in with overpressure

acted upon heat storage at the same time the heat pumped to this heat storage heat is further delivered to the heater for heating the air for the interior of the vehicle. Such a method sets two

Heat storage particularly effective by means of a heat pump. It is achieved a high thermal storage capacity. Brief description of the drawings

With reference to the drawings, embodiments of the invention will be explained. Show it

Figure 1 in a schematic block diagram

Embodiment of a heating system according to the invention, Figure 2 in a schematic block diagram

Embodiment of a heating system according to the invention with heat pump, and

Figure 3 in a schematic block diagram, another embodiment of a heating system according to the invention with heat pump, and

FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention.

Detailed description of the invention

All drawings are to be understood schematically. Scale-true images have been omitted for clarity of illustration.

In Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram a

Embodiment of a heating system 1 according to the invention shown. The heating system 1 is for heating a

Interior suitable in particular the passenger compartment of a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. The air for the vehicle interior is through a

Heater 3 heated with a heat exchanger 5. The heat exchanger 5 is a conventional heat exchanger, in which by a flowing through him heat medium such

For example, water or aqueous salt solution heat to the air to be heated for a vehicle interior such as

in particular, a passenger compartment is delivered. The

Heat medium contains water as the predominant component. It flows in the heating system 1 in a cycle from Heat storage 9 through a pipe 11 to the heat exchanger 5 of the heater 3 and back. Depending on the heating requirement, the heat medium is of a standard

adjustable electric pump 7 of the heater 3 is pumped. The heat medium in the heat storage 9 heat can be supplied by an electrically operable heater 13. This electrically operable heater 13 is with their

Power connections 15 connected to a connection socket of the vehicle. To this jack, how

For example, a common quick charge socket, an external power supply can be connected, in particular a fast charging station with, for example, a

Power supply of 600 volts. Thus, during the charging of the battery for driving the electric vehicle, the electrically operable heater 13 for the supply of heat to the heat medium in the heat accumulator 9 can be simultaneously supplied with electricity at a rapid charging station. The possible charging power for charging the one

However, in this case, heat accumulator 9 is 10 times larger than the rated heating power of the vehicle provided for the heating system, without being limited thereto. An electric bus needs about 10 kilowatts in the winter for one hour of heating the passenger compartment. Thus, the

Heat storage 9, if, for example, for such an electric bus for such. Heating duration is designed, a memory capacity of 10 kilowatt hours. The thermal charging capacity of the heat accumulator 9 is thus equal to the heat at a nominal heating power for a period of one hour of the vehicle provided for the heating system 1. A fast charge of 100 kilowatts is for in the time of fast charging of the battery for the

Electric drive of the vehicle readily possible. Depending on Vehicle size and required heating power as well

intended heating time are also corresponding others

Sizes of the heat accumulator 9 and its memory contents conceivable, such as for a nominal heat output of the vehicle for a period of two hours. Is the heat storage 9 as a simple water storage without

Designed pressurization of the heat medium, it is in a water temperature range between 50 and 100 degrees Celsius, ie operated with liquid water as the heat medium. The thermal storage capacity of the water for the sensible heat to be stored is then at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees Celsius 58 watt hours per kilogram, resulting in 10 kilowatt hours, a mass of about 175 kilograms of heat medium. If the heating system 1 shown in FIG. 1 is also designed for an overpressure of the heat medium, the respective upper limit of the temperature for the operation, depending on the size of the overpressure, is the respective pressure-specific one

Boiling point of the heat medium, so that it can still be operated in the liquid state. The nature and strength of the material of the heating system 1 and in particular the

Heat accumulator 9 must be designed for the respective overpressure, such as sufficient

pressure-resistant steel. As far as water is the heat medium, the boiling point at 3 bar overpressure is 144 degrees Celsius and the thermal storage capacity increases with a warming of 50 degrees Celsius to the boiling point

112 watt-hours per kilogram, which gives a mass of about 89 kilograms of heat medium for 10 kilowatt hours. At an overpressure of 5 bar, the boiling point is 159 degrees Celsius and the thermal storage capacity increases with a warming of 50 degrees Celsius on the Boiling point even to 132 watt-hours per kilogram, which at 10 kilowatt-hours of storage capacity a mass of about 76 kilograms for the water in this case as

Pressure water tank designed heat accumulator 9 results. At an excess pressure of 7 bar, the boiling point of water is 170 degrees Celsius. With such an overpressure as heat medium, the water has a thermal storage capacity with a heating of 50 degrees Celsius to the boiling point of about 147 watt-hours per kilogram, so that with 10 kilowatt-hours storage capacity only about 68

Kilograms of water are needed as a heat medium. The overpressure of the water in the heating circuit is caused by the vapor pressure of small amounts of steam forming when the temperature of the heat medium rises above 100 degrees Celsius. The pressure is regulated by the temperature. Also conceivable is a control via a pressure valve. The cost of a designed for sufficient overpressure pressurized water tank is only

slightly higher than the 'for a non-pressurized

Water-tank. A passenger car has one

Nominal heat output for a temperature difference of 20 degrees Celsius, with a surface area of 26.48 m2 and a k-value of 4 W / m2K of about 2.1 kilowatts, so that the mass of water needed as heating medium accordingly about one-fifth of the for an electric bus. The following table shows, for different overpressures "P" of water as heat medium, the boiling temperatures "T", the specific heat capacity "c" at boiling temperature, the sensitive thermal storage capacity "U"

Temperature change from 50 degrees Celsius to boiling temperature, the required mass "M" storage medium for 1 hour

Nominal heating capacity of an electric bus "EB" and one Passenger car "PKW":

P [bar]: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 T [sc]: 100 120 134 144 152 159 165 170 c [kJ / kgK]: 4.20 4.23 4.26 4.30 4.32 4, 35 4.37 4.40 U [Wh / kg]: 58, 3 82.2 99, 112.1 122.5 131.7 139, 7 146.5 M EB [kg]: 171, 5 121, 6 100 , 5 89,1 81, 6 75,9 71, 5 68,2 cars [kg]: 36, 3 25,8 21,3 18,9 17,3 16,1 15,2 14,5

It is also an embodiment of the heating system 1 conceivable in which the battery for driving the

Electric vehicle, the electrically powered heater 13 for supplying heat in the heat medium used as a water at least supplied with electricity. Furthermore, embodiments are conceivable in which the water used as the heat medium in the heat accumulator 9 is also supplied with waste heat-producing vehicle-internal components, such as the drive motor, via a coolant circuit with heat.

2 shows a schematic block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a heating system 1 according to the invention with a heat pump 17 for an at least partially electrically drivable vehicle. The heat pump 17 is connected in a thermally coupled manner between the heat accumulator 9, which is designed as an ice accumulator, and the heating device 3, in each case. The heat medium of the ice storage

trained heat accumulator 9 is water. If necessary, heat is supplied thereto by the electrically operable heater 13. The same applies to the designed as a heat exchanger heat storage 23. For example, takes place the power supply from one to one

Connection socket on at least partially electrically

drivable vehicle connected external

Fast charging station via power connections 15 to the heaters 13. The charging voltage of the

Fast charging station is, but is not limited to, 600 volts in this case. The possible charging power to

Charging the heat accumulator 9, 23 is 10 times greater than the nominal heat output of one for the heating system. 1

intended vehicle, such as one

Electric bus. There are also embodiments of the heating system 1 according to the invention with possible

lower or even higher charging power conceivable.

During thermal charging of the heat accumulator 9, the frozen to ice heat medium is thawed in it and up to 50

Celsius degrees warmed up. Thus, both latent and sensible heat of the heat medium in the heat storage 9

saved . The designed as an ice storage heat storage 9 is in this case, without being limited to be within a temperature range of -7 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius operable. The heat accumulator 9 is thermally coupled to the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump 17. The heat storage 9 is as to the

Cold side of the heat pump 17 connected heat exchanger formed. Thus, during operation of the heat pump 17, heat is withdrawn from the heat storage 9 after the thermal charging of liquid water of up to 50 degrees Celsius in the heat storage by the cooled refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump 17 directly in the heat storage 9 the heat medium water removes the heat and continue to electrically operated Compressor 19 of the heat pump 17 in the

Refrigerant guide 21 transported. The in the compressor 19 compressed and thus further heated refrigerant flows in the refrigerant guide 21 of the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump 17 to form a hot water heat exchanger heat exchanger or heat storage 23, where it gives off heat to the circulating in another circuit heat medium water. In this case, in this case, this heat exchanger is also designed as an electrically heatable heat accumulator 23, namely in this case as a pressurized water reservoir. So there can be stored sensitive heat in the heat medium water and from there depending on the heating demand for the

Vehicle interior, the heated water through the pipe 11 from the pump 7 to the heat exchanger 5 of the heater 3 arrive. In the heat exchanger 5, heat is released from the water to the air to be heated, for example, the passenger compartment of the vehicle. Then the cooled flows

Heat medium water through the pipe 11 back to the formed as a hot water heat exchanger heat exchanger or heat storage 23. The there to the heat medium water heat dissipating refrigerant of the heat pump 17 continues to flow through the refrigerant guide 21 as an expansion valve

trained expansion element 25. There, the refrigerant expands and cools down. It continues to flow as ice storage formed heat storage 9, where it extracts heat from the local heat medium water. This goes so far that the temperature of the water reaches the freezing point and freezes out. During freezing, the latent heat stored in the water is also delivered to the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump 17. The heat pump 17 only pumps heat from the ice storage

formed heat storage 9 to the formed as a pressurized water storage heat exchanger or heat storage 23, when the heat medium via the electric heater 13th supplied heat for heating to the heater 3, that is, whose operating temperature has fallen from a maximum of 170 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius. Uses water temperatures between 50 and 150 degrees directly in as a hot water heat exchanger and

Pressure water storage formed heat exchanger or

Heat storage 23 by exchange of heat medium in the heater 3 and temperatures of 50 to -5 degrees Celsius indirectly formed as an ice bank

Heat storage 9 via the heat pump 17, you need at least only about 31 kilograms of water for the storage of 10 kilowatt hours of heat, which is a thermal

Storage capacity of about 320 kilograms per watt-hour corresponds. In a realistic consideration for the illustrated in Figure 2 embodiment of a heating system 1 with heat pump 17, the mass used is something more, namely in about 40 kilograms for the storage of 10 kilowatt hours. Thus, the thermal charging capacity is equal to the heat at a rated heating power of a vehicle provided for the heating system 1 for a period of one hour. With a larger amount of heat medium in the correspondingly larger heat accumulators 9, 23 of the

Heating system 1, the storable heat would be correspondingly larger.

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a further exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention

Heating system 1 shown with heat pump 17 for an at least partially electrically driven vehicle. The heat storage 9 is a pressurized water tank, in which the heat medium water with an overpressure of at least up to 7 bar can be acted upon. There are also configurations the heat accumulator 9 with less or more at least possible overpressure conceivable. The electrically operable heater 13 for transmitting-heat to the heat medium water in as ice storage and pressurized water storage

formed heat accumulator 9 is connected to an external

Fast charging station with a charging voltage of

for example 600 V via the power connections 15

connected. The provided for the heating system 1 vehicle has a corresponding

Socket. The heat storage 9 is connected to pipe 11 with a pump 7 for pumping the heat medium water, which controllably depending on the heating demand the heat medium water to the heater 3 with the heat exchanger 5 for heating the air to be treated for the interior of the vehicle pumps. From the heater 3, the heat medium water flows back to the heat storage 9. In that regard, there is a direct thermal coupling of the heat exchanger 9 with the heater 3 by the exchange of

Heat medium water. In the pipe 11 between

Heat storage 9 and heat exchanger 5 of the heater 3 is inserted for the heat medium water in the direction of flow after the pump 7 designed as a hot water heat exchanger heat exchanger 27. The heat exchanger 27 is not formed in this embodiment also as a heat storage. The heat exchanger 27 is thermally connected to the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump 17, so that when operating the heat pump 17 there heat from the refrigerant to the heat medium water for the

Heating device 3 is transmitted. In the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump 17 upstream of the heat exchanger 27 is a controllable electrically operable compressor 19, which compresses the refrigerant and thereby heated. Is this Refrigerant, for example, gaseous CO2, the heat exchanger 27 operates as a gas cooler of the refrigerant. in the

Refrigerant circuit downstream of the heat exchanger 27 is designed as a relaxation valve

Relaxation organ 25, which relaxes the refrigerant again while cooling. Cold side is inserted in the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump 17 after the expansion element 25 of the formed as a cold water heat exchanger heat storage 9, the heat from the heat exchanger 5 of the

Heating device 3 to the heat accumulator 9 reaching

Heat medium withdraws, until it finally becomes ice. With the use of the variable heat pump 17 is the

Heating capacity of the heating system 1 increased or decreased as needed. The heat pump 17 starts its operation only when the heat medium in the heat accumulator 9 of a maximum of 170

Degrees Celsius has dropped to 50 degrees Celsius by giving off heat to the heater 3. It is also conceivable another suitable temperature, such as 40 degrees Celsius, from which the heat pump 17 begins.

4 shows an embodiment of a method according to the invention is shown in the form of representation of a flow chart. In the first method step 100, the two electric heaters in this case become two

Heat storage the respective heat medium stored in the two heat storage heat. The two electric heaters of the two heat accumulators are connected to the power grid of an external fast charging station

connected. The voltage is for example 600 volts. The one heat storage is designed as an ice storage and the heat pump of the invention

Heating system connected as a heat exchanger on the cold side. The local electric heater thaws the fast in the heat storage to ice frozen heat medium once and then warmed up to a maximum of 50 degrees Celsius. Thus, both latent and sensible heat will be there

Heat medium supplied. The other heat storage is as

Built-pressure water storage and connected as a heat exchanger on the heat side to the heat pump. Furthermore, this can be acted upon with pressure heat accumulator via a pipe connection to the heat exchanger of

Heating device connected, through which the heat medium can flow. In this can be beaufschalagbaren with pressure heat storage, the local liquid heat medium is heated to a maximum of 170 degrees Celsius in liquid water at an overpressure of up to 7 bar with the local electric heater during fast charging and so heat supplied to the local heat medium.

The heat medium used in the two heat accumulators is pure water in this case. For example, the heating system shown in FIG. 2 can be used for the method.

In the second method step 110, after the

Fast charging is completed, depending on

Heating demand for the interior of the at least partially electrically driven vehicle which is stored in the acted upon by excess pressure heat storage heat of the local heat medium to the heater for heating. In the process, the heat medium consisting of water flows by means of a pump from the heat accumulator, which can be acted upon by overpressure, to the heat exchanger of the heating device. In this heat exchanger, heat from the heat medium to the to be heated air for the interior of the vehicle, in particular the passenger compartment, delivered. The thus cooled heat medium flows back to the overpressure

act on heat storage. As soon as the temperature of the heat medium in this heat storage has dropped to the predetermined temperature of 50 degrees Celsius due to the heat loss due to the heating, the heat pump pumps in the next process step 120

Heat medium stored as an ice storage second heat storage heat stored to the heat medium of the acted upon pressure heat accumulator. So the heat pump is only then put into operation. In the last

Process step 130, the heat so pumped to the heat medium of the pressurizable heat storage heat further as described for the second method step 110 to the heater for heating the air for the interior of the vehicle delivered. If the heat medium water in the second designed as an ice storage heat storage is frozen to ice and may even further cooled to about -5 degrees Celsius, the heat pump switches off. The predetermined temperature of the heat medium in the acted upon pressure heat storage at which the heat pump starts, is not set to 50 degrees Celsius, but it can also be a different temperature of

For example, 60 degrees Celsius are given. The penultimate step 120 and the last

Method step 130 can also be carried out in parallel, that is, when pumping heat from the heat medium of the

Ice storage trained heat accumulator to the heat medium in the acted upon pressure heat accumulator at the same time the heat pumped to this heat storage heat to the heater for heating the air for the interior of the Vehicle is delivered.

After the fast charge in the two

Heat storage stored heat by heating the

Interior of the vehicle is consumed, that begins

Method according to desire and starting a fast charging station of new, so with connection to the mains of an external fast charging station at least with for storing heat for the heating system according to the invention.

Claims

PATENT APPLICATIONS

1. heating system (1) for an at least partially

electrically drivable vehicle with at least one

Heat storage (9, 23) and at least one heating device (3) with at least one heat exchanger (5), wherein the at least one heating device (3) is thermally coupled at least to the at least one heat storage (9, 23), characterized in that - Heat medium of the at least one heat accumulator (9, 23) comprises water as at least predominant component, and

- The heating system (1) at least one electrically operable heater (13) to supply heat to the heat medium in at least one of the at least one heat accumulator (9, 23) comprises.

2. heating system (1) according to claim 1 characterized

in that the heat medium of the at least one heat accumulator (9, 23) is water.

3. heating system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the at least one heat accumulator (9, 23) is formed for acted upon by pressure heat medium.

4. heating system (1) according to claim 3 characterized

in that at least one of the at least one heat accumulator (9, 23) is designed for heat medium subjected to an overpressure in the range from 3 to 7 bar.

5. heating system (1) according to claim 4 characterized

in that the at least one of the at least one heat store (9, 23) is designed for heat medium charged with an overpressure in the range from 4.5 to 5.5 bar.

6. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one electrically operable heater (13) for supplying heat into the heating medium in at least one of the at least one

Heat storage (9, 23) via a connectable

Power supply is externally powered.

7. heating system (1) according to claim 6 characterized

characterized in that it is designed such that the external power supply for the at least one heater (13) for supplying heat into the heating medium in at least one of the at least one heat storage device (9, 23) can be carried out via a fast charging station.

8. heating system (1) according to claim 7 characterized

characterized in that it is designed such that the possible charging power for charging the at least one of the at least one heat accumulator (9, 23) more than

2 times, preferably 10 times greater than the rated heat output of a vehicle provided for the heating system (1).

9. heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that their thermal charging capacity is greater than or equal to the heat at a Nennheizleistung a for the heating system (1) provided vehicle for a period of half an hour, preferably one hour to a maximum of two hours.

10. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the thermal coupling of at least one of the at least one heat accumulator (9, 23) and the at least one heating device (3) is set up directly via exchange of heat medium.

11. heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one of the at least one heat storage (9, 23) stores sensible heat and with a temperature for the heat medium within a temperature range of about 50 degrees Celsius to at least 144 degrees Celsius, preferably up to 170 degrees Celsius,

is operable.

12. heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that they additionally at least one at least one compressor (19) and at least one

Heat pump (17) comprising expansion element (25), wherein the heat pump (17) to the at least one

Heating device (3) and / or at least one of the at least one heat accumulator (9, 23) is thermally coupled.

13. Heating system (1) according to claim 12 characterized

in that at least one of the at least one heat accumulator (9, 23) is also designed as a cold-side heat exchanger of the at least one heat pump (17) and is thermally coupled thereto.

14. heating system (1) according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the at least one heat pump (17) on the heat side by means of a heat exchanger (23, 27), in particular a hot water heat exchanger to the at least one heating device (3) via exchange of heat medium from Heat exchanger (23, 27) to the heat exchanger (5) of the heating device (3) is thermally coupled.

15. Heating system (1) according to claim 14 characterized

in that the heat exchanger (23, 27) thermally coupled to the heat exchanger (5) of the heating device (3) is a heat reservoir of the at least one heat accumulator (9, 23) and pressurizes it with overpressure

Heat medium is formed.

16. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that at least one of the at least one heat accumulator (9, 23) is adapted to store sensitive and latent heat of the heat medium, such as

in particular as an ice storage, and is designed such that it (9) with a temperature for the heat medium within a temperature range of -5 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius is operable.

17. Heat storage (9, 23) .Zum for thermal coupling to a heating device (3) in a heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16.

18 heating device (3) thermally coupled to at least one heat storage (9, 23) in a heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16.

19. Heat pump (17) for thermal coupling to at least one heat accumulator (9, 23) according to claim 17 and / or a heating device (3) according to claim 18 for a

Heating system (1) according to one of claims 12 to 16.

20. hybrid vehicle or electric vehicle, in particular an electric bus, with a heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16.

21. A method for heat storage and heating with a heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized by the steps, a) of storing (100) heat generated by the respective electrical heater (13) of the heat medium in both the heat pump (17) heat-side heat exchanger formed with overpressure heat storage (23) b) of the dispensing (110) of heat of the heat medium stored in the heat reservoir (23) which can be acted upon with overpressure to the heating device (3) for heating, c) in the heat accumulator (3) which is operated as an ice accumulator ) After dropping the temperature of the heat medium in the acted upon pressure heat accumulator (23) to a predetermined value of the pumping (120) by means of the heat pump (17) stored in the ice storage heat accumulator (9) heat of the heat medium to the heat medium in with Overpressure acted upon heat storage (23), and thereafter or in parallel d) of the dispensing (130) to the heat medium of beaufschalgbaren with pressure heat accumulator heat (23) heat pumped to the heating device (3) for heating.