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WO2018041045A1 - 一种防雷和\或防静电装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种防雷和\或防静电装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018041045A1
WO2018041045A1 PCT/CN2017/099112 CN2017099112W WO2018041045A1 WO 2018041045 A1 WO2018041045 A1 WO 2018041045A1 CN 2017099112 W CN2017099112 W CN 2017099112W WO 2018041045 A1 WO2018041045 A1 WO 2018041045A1
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Prior art keywords
metal
metal pole
lightning protection
lightning
pole
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PCT/CN2017/099112
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谭安民
余勇
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谭安民
余勇
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Application filed by 谭安民, 余勇 filed Critical 谭安民
Publication of WO2018041045A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018041045A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/66—Connections with the terrestrial mass, e.g. earth plate, earth pin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
    • H01T19/04—Devices providing for corona discharge having pointed electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of lightning protection, and in particular to a lightning protection and/or anti-static device and method.
  • the commonly used lightning protection grounding device is composed of a lightning receptor, a down conductor, and a grounding device.
  • Light-receiver Refers to lightning-proof needles, lightning protection lines, lightning protection belts, and lightning-proof nets that directly receive lightning, as well as metal roofs and metal components used for lightning.
  • a lightning rod is the most widely used type of lightning receptor.
  • a metal lightning receptor that is above the space of the object to be protected is connected to the grounding conductor and the grounding body maintains a good electrical connection with the ground.
  • the thundercloud appears in the sky on the ground, due to the electrostatic induction, a large number of charges opposite to the thundercloud charge will appear on the lightning receptor of the metal object.
  • the lightning electric field will be distorted at the top end of the lightning receptor, and a local high electric field region will appear.
  • lightning strike first guiding lightning receptor, so that it is easy to attract the lightning striker to the lightning receptor.
  • the lightning strike point appears at the top of the lightning receptor and does not appear on the protected object below it. It can be seen that the real function of the lightning rod is not lightning protection, but lightning, which is to protect itself from lightning strikes in exchange for the objects below it.
  • the down conductor is generally round steel with a diameter of 8mm and is led down to the grounding grid along the four corners of the building.
  • Grounding device The traditional method is: the distance of 5m is 2.5m long and 40x40 ⁇ 4mm three galvanized angle steels are driven into the ground in parallel and connected with the down conductor.
  • the function of the lightning protection device is that after the lightning receptor receives the current, the current is led to the grounding device through the down-conductor line, and then safely enters the earth to ensure the safety of the equipment and the human body in the building.
  • the lightning protection measures selected it should be determined according to the importance of the objects protected and the local lightning activity.
  • lightning rods are mainly used as protection for open-air substation equipment, buildings and structures; lightning protection lines are mainly used as protection for power lines; lightning protection nets or lightning protection belts are mainly used for building protection.
  • the grounding resistance is the basic physical parameter that characterizes the grounding body to vent the current to the earth, and is also an important indicator to measure the lightning protection ground. The smaller the resistance, the better, because the smaller the grounding resistance, the faster the dispersion; the shorter the holding time of the falling object, the lower the risk, and the smaller the step voltage and the contact voltage.
  • the invention aims to provide a lightning protection technology, which can eliminate the lightning-leading function of metal objects, such as components, facilities, buildings, etc.; can eliminate the lightning static voltage of metal conductors; and can realize the function of lightning current to ground potential discharge.
  • a lightning protection and/or anti-static method utilizes a lightning protection constant voltage device having the following structure to protect against lightning and/or anti-static, and the lightning protection constant voltage device comprises a metal pole I and a metal pole II.
  • the electrolyte, the metal pole I and the metal pole II are respectively in contact with the electrolyte, and the metal pole I and the metal pole II are not in contact; the metal pole I and the metal pole II are prepared by using a metal material having the same potential;
  • the metal pole I is connected to the lightning receptor, the metal pole II is connected to the ground; or the metal pole II is connected to the lightning receptor, the metal pole I is connected to the earth; the contact of the electrolyte with the metal pole I and the metal pole II An oxidation reaction occurs on the surface to produce two electrodes of the same polarity and potential;
  • the metal pole I of the lightning protection constant voltage device is connected with the transient equipotential connection point or the equipotential connection point of the lightning receptor or the electrical equipment to be protected, and the metal pole II is connected with the earth to obtain the ground potential, when lightning or Before the electrostatic negative charge reaches the lightning protection constant voltage device, the metal electrode II receiving the positive charge exacerbates its oxidation reaction, and generates a large amount of negatively charged flow to the electrode, and receives the reverse voltage and the potential is lower than the electrode potential, and the reduction occurs.
  • the reaction generates a large amount of positively charged ions to the electrode, thereby converting the lightning high voltage or electrostatic voltage into a current, thereby converting the electrical energy into chemical energy and thermal energy, rapidly eliminating the top of the lightning receptor or the local high electric field of the electrical device, and accelerating Leakage of ground potential and consumption of lightning or electrostatic energy. In this way, lightning energy is prevented from being dissipated by other means, and lightning protection of objects in the protected area is realized.
  • the metal pole I of the lightning protection constant pressure device is a container, the electrolyte is placed in the container, and the metal pole II is suspended in the electrolyte.
  • the metal pole I of the lightning protection constant pressure device is a container with an open top.
  • the metal pole II of the lightning protection constant voltage device is a metal rod, or a structure formed by connecting a metal rod to the upper end of the larger metal block; the upper opening of the metal pole I is sealed by a sealing layer made of an insulating material.
  • the upper end of the metal pole II extends through the sealing layer, and the upper end of the metal pole II is provided with an external terminal; the metal pole I has an external terminal at any upper end of the container wall.
  • the metal pole I and the metal pole II of the lightning protection constant voltage device are made of an alloy material with high magnetic permeability, high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.
  • the metal material used for the metal pole I and the metal pole II of the lightning protection constant voltage device is an iron alloy.
  • a lightning protection constant voltage device comprises a metal pole I, a metal pole II and an electrolyte.
  • the metal pole I and the metal pole II are respectively in contact with the electrolyte, and the metal pole I and the metal pole II are not Contact; the metal pole I and the metal pole II are prepared from metal materials having the same potential or similar;
  • the metal pole I is a container, the electrolyte is placed in the container, and the metal pole II is suspended in the electrolyte;
  • the metal pole I is a container with an open top
  • the metal pole II is a metal rod, or a structure composed of a metal rod connected to the upper end of the larger metal block.
  • the upper opening of the metal pole I is sealed by a sealing layer made of an insulating material, the upper end of the metal pole II extends through the sealing layer, and the upper end of the metal pole II is provided with an outer terminal;
  • the metal pole I is provided with an external terminal at any end of the container wall.
  • the metal pole I and the metal pole II are made of an alloy material with high magnetic permeability, high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.
  • the metal material used for the metal pole I and the metal pole II is an iron alloy.
  • the electrolyte reacts with the contact surface of the two metal electrodes to generate two electrodes having the same polarity and potential. Since the potential difference between the two electrodes is zero, the DC voltage regulator has no polarity and cannot be used as a battery.
  • the electrical characteristics of the lightning protection constant voltage device are: the dynamic resistance is small, and the higher the voltage, the smaller the resistance, and the better the constant voltage characteristics.
  • the constant voltage lightning protection device can be connected between the metal lightning receptor and the ground to reduce direct lightning strikes.
  • the metal lightning receptors When thunderclouds appear in the sky above the ground, due to electrostatic induction, the metal lightning receptors will gather a lot of lightning and thunderclouds. Charges of opposite polarity form a local high electric field region. At the same time, a local potential difference occurs between the top end of the metal lightning receptor and the grounding body or the ground due to charge accumulation.
  • the constant voltage lightning protection device When the constant voltage lightning protection device is connected between the metal lightning receptor and the earth, the constant voltage characteristic of the metal lightning receptor is substantially the same as the ground potential. In this way, the local high electric field region at the top of the lightning receptor is eliminated, and the condition for the development of the lightning strike first guiding lightning device is weakened or eliminated, so as to reduce the direct lightning strike.
  • the constant voltage lightning protection device can be connected between the metal flasher and the ground to eliminate the lightning static voltage.
  • One end of the constant voltage lightning protection device can receive lightning, and the other end is connected to the earth to obtain the ground potential to discharge the lightning energy.
  • the high voltage of the lightning and the earth forms a large flux current inside the constant voltage lightning protection device, and the high-efficiency electric-thermal energy conversion and release by the constant voltage lightning protection device completes the ground potential discharge of the lightning energy.
  • the electrode end that receives the forward voltage will aggravate its oxidation reaction, producing a large amount of negatively charged ions flowing to the electrode.
  • a reduction reaction occurs, and a large amount of positively charged ions are generated to flow to the electrode.
  • lightning and the high voltage of the earth form a large flux current inside the constant voltage lightning protection device.
  • This pulsed large current generates a strong magnetic flux change, and eddy current heat is generated in the iron metal conductor, and the lightning energy is converted into chemical and magnetic. And the heat is released, and the ground potential discharge of the lightning energy is completed.
  • the lightning current bleeder resistance value does not need to be obtained by on-site construction, which greatly reduces the difficulty and construction cost of lightning protection grounding construction;
  • the lightning current bleeder resistance value is not subject to natural conditions such as the environment, soil conductivity and climate;
  • the lightning current bleeder resistance value is below 0.1 ohm, the dynamic is better than static, and the high pressure is better than the low pressure, which ensures the objectivity, effectiveness and stability of the measurement result;
  • the lightning current bleeder resistance value can be accurately determined as the production standard of DC constant voltage device
  • Lightning has a very small back pressure on the ground potential discharge mode, and no step voltage is generated
  • Lightning to ground potential discharge can be completed at the lightning introduction, avoiding the damage of the grounded down conductor due to the back pressure generated by the huge lightning current to the protected object;
  • the best and stable response time can be obtained by lightning to ground potential discharge.
  • 1 is a structural view of the lightning protection constant voltage device.
  • 1-metal pole I 2-metal pole II; 3-electrolyte; 4-sealing layer.
  • a lightning protection and/or antistatic method according to the present invention is protected against lightning by a lightning protection constant voltage device having the following structure: the metal pole I1 and the metal pole II2 are respectively in contact with the electrolyte 3, and the metal pole I1 and The metal pole II2 is not in contact; the metal pole I1 and the metal pole II2 are prepared by a metal material having the same metal activity, and the electrolyte reacts with the contact surface of the metal pole I1 and the metal pole II2 to generate two polarities.
  • the electric field of the electrode with the same potential; the metal pole I1 is connected with the transient equipotential bonding point of the lightning receptor or electrical equipment, the metal pole II2 is connected with the earth; or the metal pole II2 is connected with the lightning receptor or the electrical equipment.
  • the equipotential bonding point is connected, and the metal pole I1 is connected to the earth;
  • the metal pole I1 of the constant voltage lightning protection device is a container with an open top, the electrolyte 3 is placed in the container, and the metal pole II2 is suspended in the electrolyte 3.
  • the lightning protection constant voltage device When one end of the constant voltage lightning protection device receives lightning and the other end is connected to the earth to obtain the ground potential, the lightning reaches the lightning protection constant voltage device through the lightning receptor or the electrical device, and the metal pole I1 and the metal pole II2 of the lightning protection constant voltage device are sensed.
  • the electrode terminal receiving the forward voltage When the lightning voltage is high, the electrode terminal receiving the forward voltage will aggravate its oxidation reaction, and a large amount of negatively charged ions will flow to the electrode, and the electrode terminal receiving the reverse voltage and the potential lower than the electrode potential will undergo a reduction reaction.
  • a large amount of positively charged ions flow to the electrode, so that the high voltage of the lightning and the earth forms a large flux current inside the constant voltage lightning protection device, and the pulsed large current generates a strong magnetic flux change, and a vortex heat generation is formed in the iron metal conductor.
  • the lightning energy will be converted into chemical, magnetic and thermal energy and released, and the ground potential discharge of the lightning energy is completed, thereby realizing lightning protection for the protected area object.
  • a lightning protection and/or antistatic method utilizes a lightning protection constant voltage device to prevent static electricity.
  • the lightning protection constant voltage device structure is based on the structure of the first embodiment, and the metal pole II2 is a metal rod or The upper end of the larger metal block is connected to the structure formed by the metal rod; the upper opening of the metal pole I1 is sealed by the sealing layer 4 made of an insulating material, and the upper end of the metal pole II2 extends through the sealing layer 4.
  • the upper end of the metal pole II2 is provided with an external terminal; the metal pole I1 is provided with an external terminal at any end of the container wall.
  • One of the metal poles of the lightning protection constant voltage device is connected to the equipotential connection point of the electrical equipment to be protected, and the other metal pole is connected to the ground to obtain the ground potential, and when the electrostatic voltage reaches the lightning protection constant voltage device, the forward voltage is received.
  • the electrode tip will exacerbate its oxidation reaction, producing a large amount of negatively charged ions flowing to the electrode, accepting a reverse voltage and the potential is lower than the electrode potential At the electrode end, a reduction reaction will occur, and a large amount of positively charged ions will flow to the electrode, thereby converting the electrostatic voltage into a current, thereby converting the electrical energy into chemical energy and thermal energy, rapidly eliminating the local high electric field region of the electrical device, and accelerating the ground potential. Discharge and consume static energy.
  • a lightning protection and/or antistatic method according to the present invention utilizes a lightning protection constant voltage device for lightning protection.
  • the structure of the lightning protection constant voltage device is based on the structure of the first embodiment, and the metal pole I1 and the metal pole
  • the metal material used in II2 is stainless steel.
  • the lightning protection constant voltage device When one end of the constant voltage lightning protection device receives lightning and the other end is connected to the earth to obtain the ground potential, the lightning reaches the lightning protection constant voltage device through the lightning receptor, and the metal pole I1 and the metal pole II2 of the lightning protection constant voltage device sense the lightning direct current.
  • the electrode end receiving the forward voltage will aggravate its oxidation reaction, generating a large amount of negatively charged ions flowing to the electrode, receiving the reverse voltage and the potential lower than the electrode potential of the electrode end, a reduction reaction will occur, resulting in a large number of positive bands
  • the electric ions flow to the electrode, so that the high voltage of the lightning and the earth forms a large flux current inside the constant voltage lightning protection device, and the large current of the pulse generates a strong magnetic flux change, and eddy current heat is generated in the iron metal conductor, and the lightning energy It will be converted into chemical, magnetic and thermal energy and released, and the ground potential discharge of lightning energy will be completed, thereby realizing lightning protection for objects in the protected area.
  • a lightning protection constant voltage device comprises a metal pole I1, a metal pole II2, an electrolyte 3, the metal pole I1 and the metal pole II2 are respectively in contact with the electrolyte 3, the metal pole I1 and the metal pole II2 is not in contact; the metal pole I1 and the metal pole II2 are prepared from metal materials having the same potential or similar.
  • the metal pole I1 is connected to the lightning receptor, the metal pole II2 is connected to the ground, or the metal pole II2 is connected to the lightning receptor, and the metal pole I1 is connected to the ground.
  • the metal pole I1 is a container having an open top, the electrolyte 3 is placed in the container, and the metal pole II2 is suspended in the electrolyte 3.
  • the metal pole II2 is a metal rod.
  • the upper opening of the metal pole I1 is sealed by a sealing layer 4 made of an insulating material.
  • the upper end of the metal pole II2 extends through the sealing layer 4, and the upper end of the metal pole II2 is provided with an external terminal.
  • the metal pole I1 is provided with an external terminal at any end of the container wall.
  • the metal material used for the metal pole I1 and the metal pole II2 is stainless steel.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种防雷和\或防静电装置及方法，利用防雷恒压装置进行防雷和\或防静电，所述的防雷恒压装置包括金属极I、金属极II、电解液，金属极I、金属极II分别与电解液相接触，金属极I和金属极II不接触；所述的金属极I、金属极II为金属活动性相同的金属材料制备而成；电解液与金属极I和金属极II的接触面发生氧化反应，产生两个极性与电位相同的电极电场。本发明的防雷和\或防静电方法利用防雷和\或防静电装置，将电能转化为化学能和热能，对地电位泄放及消耗电能量，避免电能量以其他途径散发，实现对保护区内物体进行保护。

Description

一种防雷和\或防静电装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及防雷领域，具体涉及一种防雷和\或防静电装置及方法。
背景技术
常用的防雷接地装置由接闪器、引下线、接地装置组成。
接闪器：是指避雷针、避雷线、避雷带、避雷网的直接接受雷电的部分，以及用作接闪的金属屋顶、金属构件等。避雷针是指使用最广的一种接闪器，处于高于被保护物体的空间位置上的金属接闪器用过引下线和接地体保持与地良好的电气连接被称为避雷针。当雷云出现在地面的天空时，又由于静电感应作用，金属物体的接闪器上将出现大量与雷云电荷极性相反的电荷。于是，在接闪器的顶端处雷电场将发生畸变，出现局部高电场区。为雷击先导向接闪器发展创造了十分有利条件，以致很容易将雷击先导吸引的接闪器上。使雷击点出现在接闪器的顶端，而不至于出现在其下面的被保护物体上。由此可见，避雷针的真正功能不是避雷，而是引雷，是让自身遭受雷击换取其下面的物体得到保护。
引下线：引下线一般用直径为8mm的圆钢，沿建筑物的四角引下到接地网上。
接地装置：传统的方法是：互距5m采用长2.5m的规格为40×40×4mm三根镀锌角钢打入地中并联，并与引下线连接。
避雷装置的作用就是当接闪器接受电流后，经过引下线将电流导人接地装置进而安全地进人大地，保证建筑物内设备和人身的安全。至于选择何种防雷措施，则应根据所保护对象的重要性、当地雷电活动情况进行比较确定。一般来说，避雷针主要作为露天变电设备、建筑物和构筑物等的保护；避雷线主要作为电力线路的保护；避雷网或避雷带主要作为建筑物的保护。
接地电阻是表征接地体向大地泄散电流的基本物理参数，也是衡量防雷地网的重要指标。电阻越小越好，因为接地电阻越小，散流越快；落雷物体高电位保持时间越短，危险越小，乃至于跨步电压、接触电压也越小。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种防雷技术，能够消除金属物体，如构件、设施、建筑等具有的引雷功能；能够消除金属导体的雷电静电高压；能够实现雷电流对地电位泄放的功能。
本发明所述的一种防雷和\或防静电方法，利用如下结构的防雷恒压装置防雷和\或防静电，所述的防雷恒压装置包括金属极I、金属极II、电解液，金属极I、金属极II分别与电解液相接触，金属极I和金属极II不接触；所述的金属极I、金属极II为电位相同的金属材料制备而成；
所述的金属极I与接闪器连接，金属极II与大地相连接；或者金属极II与接闪器连接，金属极I与大地相连接；电解液与金属极I和金属极II的接触面发生氧化反应，产生两个极性与电位相同的电极；
将防雷恒压装置的其中金属极I与接闪器或者需要保护的电气设备的暂态等电位连接点或等电位连接点相接，金属极II与大地相接获得地电位，当雷电或者静电负电荷抵达防雷恒压装置前，接收正电荷的金属极II加剧其氧化反应，产生大量带负电荷流向该电极，接受反向电压并该电位低于电极电位的电极端，将发生还原反应，产生大量带正电离子流向该电极，从而将雷电高电压或者静电电压转换为电流，进而将电能转化为化学能和热能，迅速消除接闪器顶端或者电气设备的局部高电场区，加速对地电位泄放及消耗雷电或静电能量。从而避免雷电能量以其他途径散发，实现对保护区内物体进行防雷保护。
所述的防雷恒压装置金属极I为容器，电解液盛放在容器中，金属极II悬空在电解液中。
所述的防雷恒压装置金属极I为顶部开口的容器。
所述的防雷恒压装置金属极II为金属棒，或者为体积较大的金属块上端连接金属棒所组成的结构；所述的金属极I的上部开口经过绝缘材料制成的密封层密封，所述的金属极II的上端穿过密封层延伸出来，金属极II的上端配有外接线柱；所述的金属极I的容器壁上端任一处设有外接线柱。
所述的防雷恒压装置金属极I、金属极II选择高导磁，高导电，高导热，耐腐蚀的合金材料制成。
优选的，所述的防雷恒压装置金属极I、金属极II采用的金属材料为铁合金。
本发明所述的一种防雷恒压装置，包括金属极I、金属极II、电解液，所述的金属极I、金属极II分别与电解液相接触，金属极I和金属极II不接触；所述的金属极I、金属极II为电位相同或相近的金属材料制备而成；
所述的金属极I为容器，电解液盛放在容器中，金属极II悬空在电解液中；
所述的金属极I为顶部开口的容器；
所述的金属极II为金属棒，或者为体积较大的金属块上端连接金属棒所组成的结构。
所述的金属极I的上部开口经过绝缘材料制成的密封层密封，所述的金属极II的上端穿过密封层延伸出来，金属极II的上端配有外接线柱；
所述的金属极I的容器壁上端任一处设有外接线柱。
所述的金属极I、金属极II选择高导磁，高导电，高导热，耐腐蚀的合金材料制成。
优选的，所述的金属极I、金属极II采用的金属材料为铁合金。
所述的防雷恒压装置静态时，电解液与两个金属电极的接触面发生氧化反应，产生两个极性与电位相同的电极。由于两个电极电位差为零，直流恒压器无极性，不能作为电池使用。
所述的防雷恒压装置的电特性为：动态电阻很小，且电压越高，电阻越小，恒压特性越好。
本发明所述的防雷和\或防静电方法：
(1)可在金属接闪器与大地间接入所述恒压防雷装置，以减少直接雷击。
当雷云出现在地面的天空时，由于静电感应作用，金属接闪器上将聚集大量与雷云电 荷极性相反的电荷，形成局部高电场区。与此同时，在金属接闪器的顶端处与接地体或大地之间，也因电荷聚集出现局部电位差。当在金属接闪器与大地间接入恒压防雷装置，利用其恒压特性，使得金属接闪器顶端电位与地电位基本相同。这样，就消除了接闪器顶端的局部高电场区，削弱或消除了雷击先导向接闪器发展的条件，以实现减少直接雷击的目的。
(2)可在金属闪接器与大地间接入所述恒压防雷装置，以消除雷电静电高压。
当雷云出现在地面的天空时，由于静电感应作用，金属导体上将聚集大量与雷云电荷极性相反的电荷，在金属导体与大地之间，也因电荷聚集出现局部电位差。当在金属导体与大地间接入一个恒压防雷装置，利用其恒压特性的作用，使金属导体与地之间的电位基本相同。这样，就消除了雷电静电高压，即使雷击发生，雷云电荷突然消失，金属导体上也没有静电高压造成次生雷电危害的可能。
(3)可将恒压防雷装置的一端接收雷电，另一端接入大地获得地电位，以泄放雷电能量。
雷电与大地的高压在恒压防雷装置内部形成大通量电流，通过恒压防雷装置自身高效的电-热能量转换并释放，完成雷电能量的对地电位泄放。
当防雷恒压装置两端感应到直流电压时，接受正向电压的电极端将加剧其氧化反应，产生大量带负电离子流向该电极。接受反向电压并该电位低于电极电位的电极端，将发生还原反应，产生大量带正电离子流向该电极。这样，雷电与大地的高压在恒压防雷装置内部形成大通量电流，这种脉冲大电流产生强烈的磁通量变化，又在铁金属导体内形成涡流生热，雷电能量将转换为化学、磁和热能并释放，完成雷电能量的对地电位泄放。
本发明所述防雷和\或防静电方法的优越性在于：
1.可消除避雷针引雷效应，减少保护区域直接雷击现象，更有效的保护保护区内的物体不受雷电危害。
2.可消除金属物体的静电感应雷害，既减少直接雷击金属物体的现象，亦可消除静电感应高压放电危害的发生。
3.通过雷电对地电位放电取代通过接地体把雷电流导入大地，解决传统防雷技术存在的以下问题：
(1)雷电流泄放电阻值不需要现场施工获取，极大降低防雷接地施工的难度和施工成本；
(2)雷电流泄放电阻值不会受制于环境、土壤导电率和气候等自然条件；
(3)雷电流泄放电阻值达到0.1欧姆以下，动态优于静态，高压优于低压，保证了测量结果的客观性、有效性和稳定性；
(4)雷电流泄放电阻值可以作为直流恒压器产品生产标准而精确制定；
(5)雷电对地电位放电方式产生反压极小，无跨步电压产生；
(6)雷电对地电位放电可以在雷电引入处完成，避免接地引下线因瞬间通过巨大雷电流产生的反压对被保护物体的危害；
(7)雷电对地电位放电可以获得最佳、稳定的响应时间。
4.通过与SPD器件配合，获得最佳暂态等电位效果，防护各种感应雷电产生浪涌高压对电气设备造成危害。
附图说明
图1为所述防雷恒压装置的结构图。
图中的序号和各部分结构及名称如下：
1-金属极I；2-金属极II；3-电解液；4-密封层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图具体阐述本发明的实施例
实施例1
如图1所示：
本发明所述的一种防雷和\或防静电方法，利用如下结构的防雷恒压装置防雷，所述的金属极I1、金属极II2分别与电解液3相接触，金属极I1和金属极II2不接触；所述的金属极I1、金属极II2为金属活动性相同的金属材料制备而成，电解液与金属极I1和金属极II2的接触面发生氧化反应，产生两个极性与电位相同的电极电场；所述的金属极I1与接闪器或者电气设备的暂态等电位连接点连接，金属极II2与大地相连接；或者金属极II2与接闪器或者电气设备的暂态等电位连接点连接，金属极I1与大地相连接；
所述的恒压防雷装置金属极I1为顶部开口的容器，电解液3盛放在容器中，金属极II2悬空在电解液3中。
当恒压防雷装置的一端接收雷电，另一端接入大地获得地电位时，雷电经过接闪器或者电气设备抵达防雷恒压装置，防雷恒压装置的金属极I1和金属极II2感应到雷电直流高电压时，接受正向电压的电极端将加剧其氧化反应，产生大量带负电离子流向该电极，接受反向电压并该电位低于电极电位的电极端，将发生还原反应，产生大量带正电离子流向该电极，这样，雷电与大地的高压在恒压防雷装置内部形成大通量电流，这种脉冲大电流产生强烈的磁通量变化，又在铁金属导体内形成涡流生热，雷电能量将被转换为化学、磁和热能并释放，完成雷电能量的对地电位泄放，从而实现对保护区域物体进行防雷保护。
实施例2
如图1所示：
本发明所述的一种防雷和\或防静电方法，利用防雷恒压装置防静电，该防雷恒压装置结构基于实施例1结构的基础上，金属极II2为金属棒，或者为体积较大的金属块上端连接金属棒所组成的结构；所述的金属极I1的上部开口经过绝缘材料制成的密封层4密封，所述的金属极II2的上端穿过密封层4延伸出来，金属极II2的上端配有外接线柱；所述的金属极I1的容器壁上端任一处设有外接线柱。
将防雷恒压装置的其中一个金属极与需要保护的电气设备等电位连接点相接，另一金属极与大地相接获得地电位，当静电电压抵达防雷恒压装置，接收正向电压的电极端将加剧其氧化反应，产生大量带负电离子流向该电极，接受反向电压并该电位低于电极电位的 电极端，将发生还原反应，产生大量带正电离子流向该电极，从而将静电电压转换为电流，进而将电能转化为化学能和热能，迅速消除电气设备的局部高电场区，加速对地电位泄放及消耗静电能量。
实施例3
如图1所示：
本发明所述的一种防雷和\或防静电方法，利用防雷恒压装置防雷，该防雷恒压装置结构基于实施例1结构的基础上，所述的金属极I1、金属极II2采用的金属材料为不锈钢。
当恒压防雷装置的一端接收雷电，另一端接入大地获得地电位时，雷电经过接闪器抵达防雷恒压装置，防雷恒压装置的金属极I1和金属极II2感应到雷电直流静电压时，接受正向电压的电极端将加剧其氧化反应，产生大量带负电离子流向该电极，接受反向电压并该电位低于电极电位的电极端，将发生还原反应，产生大量带正电离子流向该电极，这样，雷电与大地的高压在恒压防雷装置内部形成大通量电流，这种脉冲大电流产生强烈的磁通量变化，又在铁金属导体内形成涡流生热，雷电能量将被转换为化学、磁和热能并释放，完成雷电能量的对地电位泄放，从而实现对保护区域物体进行防雷保护。
实施例4
本发明所述的一种防雷恒压装置，包括金属极I1、金属极II2、电解液3，所述的金属极I1、金属极II2分别与电解液3相接触，金属极I1和金属极II2不接触；所述的金属极I1、金属极II2为电位相同或相近的金属材料制备而成。
所述的金属极I1与接闪器连接，金属极II2与大地相连接；或者金属极II2与接闪器连接，金属极I1与大地相连接。
所述的金属极I1为顶部开口的容器，电解液3盛放在容器中，金属极II2悬空在电解液3中。
实施例5
基于实施例4的结构，所述的金属极II2为金属棒。
所述的金属极I1的上部开口经过绝缘材料制成的密封层4密封，所述的金属极II2的上端穿过密封层4延伸出来，金属极II2的上端配有外接线柱。
所述的金属极I1的容器壁上端任一处设有外接线柱。
实施例6
基于实施例5的结构，所述的金属极I1、金属极II2采用的金属材料为不锈钢。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种防雷和\或防静电方法，其特征在于：
    利用如下结构的防雷恒压装置进行防雷和\或防静电，所述的防雷恒压装置包括金属极I(1)、金属极II(2)、电解液(3)，所述的金属极I(1)、金属极II(2)分别与电解液(3)相接触，金属极I(1)和金属极II(2)不接触；所述的金属极I(1)、金属极II(2)为属性相同的金属材料制备而成；电解液与金属极I(1)和金属极II(2)的接触面发生氧化反应，产生两个极性与电位相同的电极电场；
    将防雷恒压装置的其中一个金属极与接闪器或者需要保护的电气设备的暂态等电位连接点或等电位连接点相接，另一金属极与大地相接获得地电位，当雷电或者静电电压抵达防雷恒压装置，接收正向电压的电极端将加剧其氧化反应，产生大量带负电离子流向该电极，接受反向电压并该电位低于电极电位的电极端，将发生还原反应，产生大量带正电离子流向该电极，从而将雷电高电压或者静电电压转换为电流，进而将电能转化为化学能和热能，迅速消除接闪器顶端或者电气设备的局部高电场区，加速对地电位泄放及消耗雷电或静电能量。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的防雷和\或防静电方法，所述的恒压防雷装置金属极I(1)为容器，电解液(3)盛放在容器中，金属极II(2)悬空在电解液(3)中。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的防雷和\或防静电方法，其特征在于所述的恒压防雷装置金属极I(1)为顶部开口的容器。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的防雷和\或防静电方法，其特征在于所述的恒压防雷装置金属极II(2)为金属棒，或者为体积较大的金属块上端连接金属棒所组成的结构；所述的金属极I(1)的上部开口经过绝缘材料制成的密封层(4)密封，所述的金属极II(2)的上端穿过密封层(4)延伸出来，金属极II(2)的上端配有外接线柱；所述的金属极I(1)的容器壁上端任一处设有外接线柱。
  5. 如权利要求1任一项所述的防雷和\或防静电方法，其特征在于：所述的防雷恒压装置金属极I(1)、金属极II(2)选择高导磁，高导电，高导热，耐腐蚀的合金材料制成。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的防雷和\或防静电方法，其特征在于：所述的防雷恒压装置金属极I(1)、金属极II(2)采用的金属材料为铁合金。
  7. 一种防雷恒压装置，包括金属极I(1)、金属极II(2)、电解液(3)，其特征在于：所述的金属极I(1)、金属极II(2)分别与电解液(3)相接触，金属极I(1)和金属极II(2)不接触；所述的金属极I(1)、金属极II(2)为电位相同或相近的金属材料制备而成；
    所述的金属极I(1)为容器，电解液(3)盛放在容器中，金属极II(2)悬空在电解液(3)中；
    所述的金属极I(1)为顶部开口的容器；
    所述的金属极II(2)为金属棒，或者为体积较大的金属块上端连接金属棒所组成的结构。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的防雷恒压装置，其特征在于：所述的金属极I(1)的上部开口经过绝缘材料制成的密封层(4)密封，所述的金属极II(2)的上端穿过密封层(4)延伸出来，金属极II(2)的上端配有外接线柱；
    所述的金属极I(1)的容器壁上端任一处设有外接线柱。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的防雷恒压装置，其特征在于：所述的金属极I(1)、金属极II(2)选择高导磁，高导电，高导热，耐腐蚀的合金材料制成。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的防雷恒压装置，其特征在于：所述的金属极I(1)、金属极II(2)采用的金属材料为铁合金。
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