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WO2017215159A1 - 功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统及其工作方法 - Google Patents

功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统及其工作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017215159A1
WO2017215159A1 PCT/CN2016/102102 CN2016102102W WO2017215159A1 WO 2017215159 A1 WO2017215159 A1 WO 2017215159A1 CN 2016102102 W CN2016102102 W CN 2016102102W WO 2017215159 A1 WO2017215159 A1 WO 2017215159A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
working
working medium
power battery
insulating liquid
heat
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PCT/CN2016/102102
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王伟
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广东合一新材料研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2017215159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017215159A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of cooling of a power battery, and in particular to a working fluid contact cooling system for a power battery and a working method thereof.
  • Lithium-ion power batteries are well used for their excellent power output characteristics and long life.
  • the performance of high-capacity, high-power lithium-ion batteries is sensitive to temperature changes. And in a limited space, the number of batteries used is large.
  • the battery When the vehicle is running under different driving conditions, the battery will discharge at different rates, generate a large amount of heat at different heat generation rates, plus time accumulation and space influence will generate uneven heat accumulation, resulting in complex and variable battery operating environment temperature. .
  • the low temperature environment below 0 °C is easy to cause battery damage during the starting process of electrical components; while the long-term high temperature environment will reduce the battery capacity. If accumulated for a long time, some batteries will overcharge and over discharge, which will affect the battery life and performance. It is prone to safety hazards such as explosion and burning.
  • the heat generated by the high-power power battery during operation must be dissipated through the cooling device to ensure that the battery temperature is within the safe working temperature range, and avoiding the safety hazard caused by over-temperature.
  • the existing power battery cooling device has the following technical defects:
  • the cooling device uses forced convection air cooling, and the fan/fan is forced to dissipate the ambient air convection, and the heat conduction performance of the air is lower than that of the liquid working medium, and the heat dissipation efficiency is low. 2 put higher requirements on the cleanliness of the air.
  • the present invention provides a working fluid contact cooling system for a power battery, which has a reasonable heat dissipation structure and high heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the invention also provides a method of operating a working fluid contact cooling system for a power battery.
  • Power battery contact cooling system including high-power battery pack composed of several single cells, insulating liquid heat transfer medium, nozzle, spray branch pipe, spray main pipe, working fluid pump, filter and working tank ,
  • the working medium box is filled with insulating liquid heat-conducting working medium, the working medium pump is suspended in the insulating liquid heat-conducting working medium, the filter is installed at the inlet of the working medium pump, the working medium pump is connected with the spraying main pipe, and the plurality of spraying branch pipes are connected in parallel to the spraying main pipe.
  • Each spray branch pipe is provided with a plurality of nozzles facing the high power battery pack;
  • the spray branch pipe and the spray main pipe form a cage frame, and the high-power battery pack is placed in the cage frame, and the spray branch pipe is distributed on the side and the upper side to form a relatively open spray structure;
  • the insulating liquid thermal conductive working substance is a non-polar substance, and the insulating liquid thermal conductive working medium has no phase change during the spraying process.
  • the working tank can be set up with the following four cooling cycle structures:
  • the working box is provided with a natural convection cooling structure of the air: the outer side of the working box is provided with heat dissipating fins.
  • the working tank is provided with an air forced convection cooling structure: the outer side of the working box is provided with heat dissipating fins, and a plurality of fans are arranged to blast the heat dissipating fins.
  • the working tank is provided with a water circulation cooling device: the evaporation working end of the water circulation cooling device is immersed in the working medium tank, and the water circulation cooling device has a water pump in the pipeline, and the heat discharging end of the water circulation cooling device is blown by the fan.
  • the working tank is provided with a compression refrigeration cycle cooling device: the evaporator of the compression refrigeration cycle cooling device is immersed in the working tank, and the outer condenser is cooled.
  • the working fluid pump is started, the insulating liquid heat conductive working medium passes through the filter and enters the working medium pump, and the working medium pump transports the insulating liquid heat conductive medium.
  • the spray main pipe distributes the insulating liquid thermal conductive working substance to each spray branch pipe, and the insulating liquid thermal conductive working medium sprayed from the nozzle directly sprays to the periphery and above of the high-power battery pack, and the heat of the high-power battery pack passes.
  • the insulating liquid heat-conducting medium is taken away, and the insulating liquid heat-conducting working medium is returned to the working medium box under gravity and cooled, so that the insulating liquid heat-conducting working medium continuously takes away the heat of the high-power battery pack.
  • the spray branch pipe and the spray main pipe form a cage frame, and the high-power battery pack is placed in the cage frame, and the spray branch pipe is distributed on the side and the upper side to form a relatively open spray structure, and the insulating liquid heat conductive medium is directly Contact with the heating surface of the high-power battery pack that needs heat dissipation to conduct heat, reduce contact thermal resistance, without any intermediate medium and heat transfer conversion, and improve heat transfer efficiency.
  • the insulating liquid thermal conductive working substance is a non-polar substance.
  • the insulating liquid thermal conductive working medium has no phase change, and the sprayed insulating liquid thermal conductive working medium forms an atomized liquid film on the surface of the high-power battery pack, and the atomized liquid film Thermal conduction has a combination of excellent heat transfer and flow such as small flow rate, large temperature difference, high heat transfer coefficient, and high heat flux density.
  • the direct contact cooling heat dissipation temperature difference can be controlled. Compared with the non-direct contact heat transfer mode, the surface temperature of the high power battery pack can be further reduced, which helps to improve the working life of the high power battery pack and reliability.
  • the effective contact area (heat exchange area) of the insulating liquid heat-conducting medium and the high-power battery pack heating surface will increase, so the theoretical heat transfer efficiency will increase (the heat exchange amount is proportional to the area), the insulating liquid
  • the heat transfer medium has a higher effective utilization rate.
  • Insulating liquid heat transfer working medium is non-polar substance, which will not affect the electronics, electrical equipment and circuit, and will not damage the hardware.
  • the spray pipe has simple structure and low power consumption; the nozzle parts manufacturing technology is mature and the reliability is high. The simpler the heat transfer process and structure, the higher its reliability and controllability.
  • Insulating liquid heat transfer working fluid as a liquid heat exchange method its heat conduction performance is generally better than the use of forced air convection, and compared with the traditional forced convection air cooling system requires fresh air unit and some complex architecture design, liquid cooling technology architecture design requirements It is less self-contained, and the structure that directly contacts the spray can be simpler, thereby saving costs and extending the life of the device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a working fluid contact cooling system of a power battery of Embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural view showing a shower main pipe and a shower branch pipe of the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a working fluid contact cooling system of a power battery of Embodiment 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a structural view showing a shower main pipe and a spray branch pipe of the second embodiment.
  • Fig. 5 is a heat dissipation structure of the working tank of the third embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 is a heat dissipation structure of the working tank of the fourth embodiment.
  • the working fluid contact cooling system of the power battery shown in FIG. 1 comprises a high power battery pack composed of a plurality of single cells, an insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2, a nozzle 3, a spray branch pipe 4, and a spray manifold 5 , working fluid pump 6, filter 7 and working tank 8,
  • the filter 7 ensures the purity of the insulating liquid heat-conducting medium 2, prevents damage of the working fluid pump 6 by impurities and clogging of the nozzle 3.
  • Insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2 must use a good thermal conductivity liquid working fluid, such as various types of transformer oil, heat transfer oil, etc., to ensure the insulation of the working medium, to avoid contact with the high-power battery pack 1 conductive, resulting in battery damage and The system is scrapped.
  • the insulating liquid thermal conductive medium 2 generally has a high thermal conductivity, and can be directly contacted with the heat-generating high-power battery pack 1 by spraying, thereby enabling efficient heat dissipation to the high-power battery pack 1.
  • the nozzle 3 needs to use materials with excellent insulation and engineering strength.
  • the working medium box 8 is filled with an insulating liquid heat-conducting working medium 2, the working medium pump 6 is suspended in the insulating liquid heat-conducting working medium 2, the filter 7 is installed at the inlet of the working medium pump 6, and the working medium pump 6 is connected to the spraying main pipe 5, a plurality of The spray branch 4 is connected in parallel to the spray manifold 5, and each spray branch 4 is provided with a plurality of nozzles 3 facing the high-power battery pack 1.
  • the insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2 is a non-polar substance, and the insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2 has no phase change during the spraying process.
  • the spray branch pipe 4 and the spray pipe 5 form a cage frame, and the high-power battery pack 1 is placed in the cage frame, and the spray branch pipe 4 is distributed on the side and the upper side to form a relatively open spray. structure.
  • the working box 8 is provided with an air natural convection cooling structure: the outer side of the working medium box 8 is provided with a heat dissipating fin 9.
  • the natural convection of the ambient air alone relies on the insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2 carrying the heat of the battery to cool down in the working tank 8 through the heat dissipating fins 9 and the environment.
  • This cooling method has the outstanding advantage that the cooling part does not use any power consuming appliances or mechanical parts; it can be used as long as the environmental conditions satisfy the basic heat dissipation temperature difference and natural convection conditions.
  • the insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2 in the working tank 8 is continuously cooled to ensure the effective heat exchange temperature difference between the insulating liquid heat conductive medium 2 and the high power battery pack 1 to effectively cool the high power battery pack 1.
  • the working fluid pump 6 is started, and the insulating liquid thermal conductive medium 2 enters the working fluid pump 6 through the filter 7, and the working fluid pump 6 heats the insulating liquid 2 It is sent to the spray main pipe 5, and the spray main pipe 5 distributes the insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2 to each spray branch pipe 4, and the insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2 sprayed from the nozzle 3 is directly sprayed to the periphery and above of the high power battery pack 1.
  • the heat of the high-power battery pack 1 is taken away by the insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2, and the insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2 is returned to the working tank 8 under gravity and cooled, so that the insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2 is continuously high.
  • the heat of the power battery pack 1 is taken away.
  • FIG 3 shows another working fluid contact cooling system for a power battery.
  • the working box 8 is provided with an air forced convection cooling structure: the outer side of the working box 8 is provided with a heat dissipating fin 9 and a plurality of fans are arranged 10 blasts the heat radiating fins 9.
  • the air is convected under the influence of external force, and the fresh air with lower temperature continuously circulates into the heat transfer medium 2 of the insulating liquid to realize the cooling of the insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2 .
  • the spray branch pipe 4 and the spray pipe 5 form a rectangular frame.
  • the working tank 8 is provided with a water circulation cooling device: the evaporation working end 11 of the water circulation cooling device is immersed in the working tank 8, and the water circulation cooling device is provided with a water pump 13 in the pipeline, and the heat dissipation end 12 of the water circulation cooling device passes
  • the fan 10 performs blasting to achieve cooling of the high-temperature insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2 in the working fluid tank 8 by heat exchange, and the water of the evaporation working end 11 carries the heat of the insulating liquid heat-conductive working medium 2 to the heat-dissipating end 12 After the heat is dissipated, the heat transfer of the insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2 is continued by the water pump 13 circulation.
  • the working tank 8 is provided with a compression refrigeration cycle cooling device: the evaporator 14 of the compression refrigeration cycle cooling device is immersed in the working tank 8, and the outer condenser 15 dissipates heat.
  • the evaporator 14 is heat-exchanged with the high-temperature insulating liquid heat transfer medium 2, and then cooled and recirculated in the outer condenser 15.

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统，工质箱内装绝缘液体导热工质，工质泵沉于绝缘液体导热工质中，过滤器安装在工质泵的入口，工质泵连接喷淋总管，多个喷淋支管并联连接喷淋总管，每个喷淋支管设有多个喷嘴，喷嘴对着高功率电池组；喷淋支管和喷淋总管形成一个笼状框架，高功率电池组放置在笼状框架内，其侧面和上方分布喷淋支管，形成相对开放式的喷淋结构；绝缘液体导热工质为非极性物质，喷淋过程中绝缘液体导热工质无相变。本发明还提供了一种功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统的工作方法。本发明散热结构合理，散热效率高。

Description

功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统及其工作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及功率电池的冷却技术领域，具体涉及一种功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统及其工作方法。
背景技术
随着新能源战略实施，电动汽车正在大规模普及，锂离子动力电池因其优异的功率输出特性和寿命长等优点得到良好应用。但大容量、高功率锂离子电池性能对温度变化较敏感。且在有限空间内，电池使用数目较大。当车辆在不同行驶状况下运行时，电池会以不同倍率放电，以不同生热速率产生大量热量，加上时间累积以及空间影响会产生不均匀热量聚集，从而导致电池组运行环境温度复杂多变。0℃以下的低温环境容易在电部件启动过程中造成电池损毁；而长期高温环境会缩减电池容量，如果长时间积累，会造成部分电池过充电和过放电，进而影响电池的寿命与性能，极易产生爆炸、燃烧等安全隐患。
因此，高功率动力电池在工作时产生的热量必须经过冷却装置散热，确保电池温度在其安全工作要求温度范围内，避免超温造成安全隐患。
现有的功率电池冷却装置，存在如下技术缺陷：
(1)利用空气作为介质，进行间接传热：①冷却装置采用强制对流空气冷却，利用风扇/风机强制环境空气对流进行散热，而空气的热传导性能低于液体工质热传导性能，散热效率低。②对空气的洁净度提出更高要求。
(2)在电池系统内设置导热管，进行间接传热：①依靠导热管内循环的液体工质与发热的电池进行热交换，此方法虽然采用液态工质进行传热，但工质与电池仍然为间接接触，存在热阻、流阻及流动不均匀问题，散热效率低。②需要依据电池排布情况设计导热管回路，导热管回路排布困难，占用空间大。
发明内容
为了解决上述的技术问题，本发明提供了一种功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统，散热结构合理，散热效率高。
本发明还提供了一种功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统的工作方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题的方案如下：
功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统，包括由若干个单体电池组成的高功率电池组、绝缘液体导热工质、喷嘴、喷淋支管、喷淋总管、工质泵、过滤器和工质箱，
工质箱内装绝缘液体导热工质，工质泵沉于绝缘液体导热工质中，过滤器安装在工质泵的入口，工质泵连接喷淋总管，多个喷淋支管并联连接喷淋总管，每个喷淋支管设有多个喷嘴，喷嘴对着高功率电池组；
所述喷淋支管和喷淋总管形成一个笼状框架，高功率电池组放置在笼状框架内，其侧面和上方分布喷淋支管，形成相对开放式的喷淋结构；
所述绝缘液体导热工质为非极性物质，喷淋过程中绝缘液体导热工质无相变。
工质箱可以设置如下4种冷却循环结构：
1、工质箱设有空气自然对流冷却结构：工质箱外侧设置安装散热翅片。
2、工质箱设有空气强制对流冷却结构：工质箱外侧设置安装散热翅片，并设有若干风扇对散热翅片进行鼓风。
3、工质箱设有水循环冷却装置：水循环冷却装置的蒸发工作端浸入工质箱中，水循环冷却装置的管路设有水泵，水循环冷却装置的散热端通过风扇进行鼓风。
4、工质箱设有压缩式制冷循环冷却装置：压缩式制冷循环冷却装置的蒸发器浸于工质箱中，外侧的冷凝器散热。
上述的功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统的工作方法，所述工质泵启动，绝缘液体导热工质通过过滤器进入工质泵，工质泵把绝缘液体导热工质输送 到喷淋总管，喷淋总管把绝缘液体导热工质分配到各个喷淋支管，喷嘴喷出的绝缘液体导热工质直接喷淋到高功率电池组的四周及上方，高功率电池组的热量通过绝缘液体导热工质带走，绝缘液体导热工质在重力作用下回流到工质箱并被冷却，如此循环，绝缘液体导热工质不断将高功率电池组的热量带走。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点：
1、喷淋支管和喷淋总管形成一个笼状框架，高功率电池组放置在笼状框架内，其侧面和上方分布喷淋支管，形成相对开放式的喷淋结构，绝缘液体导热工质直接与需要散热的高功率电池组发热表面接触传导热量，降低接触热阻，没有任何中间介质和传热转换环节，提高热传导效率。
2、绝缘液体导热工质为非极性物质，喷淋过程中绝缘液体导热工质无相变，喷淋的绝缘液体导热工质在高功率电池组表面形成雾化液膜，雾化液膜热传导具有小流量、大温差、高传热系数、高热流密度等优良传热及流动的综合特性。
3、在同等的环境温度下，直接接触式冷却散热温差可控，与非直接接触式传热方式相比，可进一步降低高功率电池组表面温度，有助于提高高功率电池组工作寿命和可靠性。
4、采用喷淋式散热，绝缘液体导热工质与高功率电池组发热面有效接触面积(换热面积)会增加，从而理论热传导效率会提高(换热量与面积成正比关系)，绝缘液体导热工质有效利用率更高。
5、喷淋过程中绝缘液体导热工质无相变，因此系统循环不需要气相工质回收设备，只需设置常见过滤器用于过滤工质在相对开放式循环过程中产生的杂质，系统自适应性及可靠性更高。
6、绝缘液体导热工质为非极性物质，不会对电子、电器设备及回路产生影响，对硬件不会有损坏。
7、喷淋管路结构简单、动力消耗小；喷嘴部件制造技术成熟、可靠性高， 传热过程和结构越简单其可靠性和可控性越高。
8、绝缘液体导热工质作为液体换热方式，其热传导性能普遍优于使用空气强制对流，并且相对于传统强制对流风冷系统需要新风单元以及一些复杂的架构设计，液体冷却技术架构的设计要求本身比较少，直接接触喷淋的结构可以更加简单，从而节约成本和延长器件使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统的结构示意图。
图2是实施例1的喷淋总管和喷淋支管的结构图。
图3是实施例2的功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统的结构示意图。
图4是实施例2的喷淋总管和喷淋支管的结构图。
图5是实施例3的工质箱的散热结构。
图6是实施例4的工质箱的散热结构。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1：
如图1所示的功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统，包括由若干个单体电池组成的高功率电池组1、绝缘液体导热工质2、喷嘴3、喷淋支管4、喷淋总管5、工质泵6、过滤器7和工质箱8，
过滤器7保证绝缘液体导热工质2纯净度，防止杂质对工质泵6的损伤以及对喷嘴3的堵塞。
绝缘液体导热工质2必须使用绝缘性好的导热液体工质，例如多种型号的变压油、导热油等，保证工质绝缘性，避免与高功率电池组1接触导电，造成电池损毁和系统报废。绝缘液体导热工质2普遍具有较高的导热系数，且通过喷淋可与发热的高功率电池组1直接接触散热，从而能够高效的实现对高功率电池组1散热。
喷嘴3需选用绝缘优良且工程强度符合要求的材料。
工质箱8内装绝缘液体导热工质2，工质泵6沉于绝缘液体导热工质2中，过滤器7安装在工质泵6的入口，工质泵6连接喷淋总管5，多个喷淋支管4并联连接喷淋总管5，每个喷淋支管4设有多个喷嘴3，喷嘴3对着高功率电池组1。
绝缘液体导热工质2为非极性物质，喷淋过程中绝缘液体导热工质2无相变。
如图2所示，喷淋支管4和喷淋总管5形成一个笼状框架，高功率电池组1放置在笼状框架内，其侧面和上方分布喷淋支管4，形成相对开放式的喷淋结构。
工质箱8设有空气自然对流冷却结构：工质箱8外侧设置安装散热翅片9。仅依靠环境空气的自然对流使携带电池热量的绝缘液体导热工质2在工质箱8内通过散热翅片9及环境冷却降温。此冷却方式突出优点为：冷却部分不使用任何耗功电器或机械部件；只要环境条件满足基本散热温差和自然对流条件，即可使用。工质箱8中的绝缘液体导热工质2不断进行冷却，以保证绝缘液体导热工质2与高功率电池组1的有效换热温差，以对高功率电池组1进行有效的冷却。
上述的功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统的工作方法，所述工质泵6启动，绝缘液体导热工质2通过过滤器7进入工质泵6，工质泵6把绝缘液体导热工质2输送到喷淋总管5，喷淋总管5把绝缘液体导热工质2分配到各个喷淋支管4，喷嘴3喷出的绝缘液体导热工质2直接喷淋到高功率电池组1的四周及上方，高功率电池组1的热量通过绝缘液体导热工质2带走，绝缘液体导热工质2在重力作用下回流到工质箱8并被冷却，如此循环，绝缘液体导热工质2不断将高功率电池组1的热量带走。
实施例2：
图3示出了另外一种功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统。工质箱8设有空气强制对流冷却结构：工质箱8外侧设置安装散热翅片9，并设有若干风扇 10对散热翅片9进行鼓风。空气在外力强制影响下发生对流，温度较低的新风不断鼓入与绝缘液体导热工质2进行换热实现绝缘液体导热工质2冷却。
如图4所示，喷淋支管4和喷淋总管5形成一个矩形框架。
实施例3：
如图5所示，工质箱8设有水循环冷却装置：水循环冷却装置的蒸发工作端11浸入工质箱8中，水循环冷却装置的管路设有水泵13，水循环冷却装置的散热端12通过风扇10进行鼓风，实现对工质箱8中换热回流的高温的绝缘液体导热工质2的冷却，蒸发工作端11的水将绝缘液体导热工质2的热量带出到散热端12进行散热后，通过水泵13循环继续对绝缘液体导热工质2换热。
实施例4：
如图6所示，工质箱8设有压缩式制冷循环冷却装置：压缩式制冷循环冷却装置的蒸发器14浸于工质箱8中，外侧的冷凝器15散热。蒸发器14与高温的绝缘液体导热工质2进行热交换后，在外侧的冷凝器15中进行冷却再循环。
上述为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述内容的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统，其特征在于：包括由若干个单体电池组成的高功率电池组、绝缘液体导热工质、喷嘴、喷淋支管、喷淋总管、工质泵、过滤器和工质箱，
    所述工质箱内装绝缘液体导热工质，工质泵沉于绝缘液体导热工质中，过滤器安装在工质泵的入口，工质泵连接喷淋总管，多个喷淋支管并联连接喷淋总管，每个喷淋支管设有多个喷嘴，喷嘴对着高功率电池组；
    所述喷淋支管和喷淋总管形成一个笼状框架，高功率电池组放置在笼状框架内，其侧面和上方分布喷淋支管，形成相对开放式的喷淋结构；
    所述绝缘液体导热工质为非极性物质，喷淋过程中绝缘液体导热工质无相变。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统，其特征在于：所述工质箱设有空气自然对流冷却结构：工质箱外侧设置安装散热翅片。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统，其特征在于：所述工质箱设有空气强制对流冷却结构：工质箱外侧设置安装散热翅片，并设有若干风扇对散热翅片进行鼓风。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统，其特征在于：所述工质箱设有水循环冷却装置：水循环冷却装置的蒸发工作端浸入工质箱中，水循环冷却装置的管路设有水泵，水循环冷却装置的散热端通过风扇进行鼓风。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统，其特征在于：所述工质箱设有压缩式制冷循环冷却装置：压缩式制冷循环冷却装置的蒸发器浸于工质箱中，外侧的冷凝器散热。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的功率电池的工质接触式冷却系统的工作方法，其特征在于：所述工质泵启动，绝缘液体导热工质通过过滤器进入工质泵，工质泵把绝缘液体导热工质输送到喷淋总管，喷淋总管把绝缘液体导热工质分配到各个喷淋支管，喷嘴喷出的绝缘液体导热工质直接喷淋到高功率电池 组的四周及上方，高功率电池组的热量通过绝缘液体导热工质带走，绝缘液体导热工质在重力作用下回流到工质箱并被冷却，如此循环，绝缘液体导热工质不断将高功率电池组的热量带走。
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