WO2017195534A1 - 土壌状態評価装置、該方法および該プログラム - Google Patents
土壌状態評価装置、該方法および該プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017195534A1 WO2017195534A1 PCT/JP2017/015487 JP2017015487W WO2017195534A1 WO 2017195534 A1 WO2017195534 A1 WO 2017195534A1 JP 2017015487 W JP2017015487 W JP 2017015487W WO 2017195534 A1 WO2017195534 A1 WO 2017195534A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a soil state evaluation apparatus, a soil state evaluation method, and a soil state evaluation program for evaluating the state of soil in a field from a reducing viewpoint.
- Patent Document 1 Such a technique for evaluating the state of the soil is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.
- the soil analysis method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a soil analysis method for analyzing the amount of nutrients for growing various crops in a predetermined soil, the step of cutting out the predetermined soil at a predetermined depth and collecting a sample And a step of treating the collected sample with a treatment solution containing a strong acid to obtain an extract, and chemically analyzing the obtained extract with an ion chromatograph to accurately grasp the amount of nutrients in the soil, It comprises.
- the soil analysis method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is considered to be able to analyze the nutrient content of the soil relatively accurately because a sample is actually collected from the soil and chemically analyzed by an ion chromatograph.
- the [0012] paragraph states that "sampling may be performed at a plurality of locations appropriately distributed so that necessary data can be collected from the whole farm so that an accurate analysis result can be obtained.
- the sampling point is a total of 6 points, which are arbitrary 2 points on the four corners and diagonal lines of the whole farm.
- This invention is an invention made
- the objective is by providing the soil condition evaluation apparatus, the soil condition evaluation method, and the soil condition evaluation program which can evaluate the degree of reducibility more efficiently. is there.
- a heat distribution image in the field to be evaluated is acquired, the temperature of the field is acquired, and the acquired heat distribution image of the field is acquired. And an evaluation value representing the degree of reducibility in the soil of the field based on the acquired temperature of the field.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the correlation between the occurrence of a reduction disorder in a field and the temperature of a crop.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram showing a heat distribution image of a paddy field
- FIG. 1B is a diagram showing an average value of the number of spikes in rice grown in the paddy field.
- the paddy field to be tested is an area where 20 kg of lime nitrogen is supplied per 10 ares (a) as a material for improving reduction disorder, and is a lime N area shown on the left side of the page, and an area where the material is not supplied. It was divided into the control group shown on the right side.
- the darker the color on the gray scale the higher the heat radiation from the paddy field, in other words, the temperature of the paddy field, and in other words, the higher the temperature of the rice.
- the temperature of the surrounding environment of the paddy field when the heat distribution image of the paddy field shown in FIG. 1A was taken was 31.2 ° C.
- FIG. 1B in the control section on the right side of the page, there are 9 sub-regions with an average number of rice spikes of 400 / m 2 and an average value of rice spikes of 500 / m 2 .
- an average value of 600 rice spikes / m is two sub-areas is twelve.
- the degree of reducibility is small in most areas due to the material of lime nitrogen, and the occurrence of reductive damage is suppressed. As a result, rice grows smoothly.
- the degree of reducibility is increased in some places, reducing damage occurs in the places, and rice growth is not smooth.
- the average number of rice ears is 435 / m 2 to 498 / m 2 in the sub-region. It has become a poor growth due to a reduction disorder.
- the lime N district has a relatively high number of sub-regions (the rice field temperature is high, the rice temperature is high) less than the control zone. It can be seen that the temperature of the paddy field (rice temperature) in the lime N zone is lower than the temperature of the paddy field (rice temperature) in the control zone. In particular, the temperature (rice temperature) of the nine sub-regions indicated by circles in FIG. 1B is clearly higher than the temperature (rice temperature) of the paddy field in the lime N district adjacent thereto.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an evaluation material conversion information table stored in the soil condition evaluation device of the soil condition evaluation system.
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus is an apparatus that evaluates the condition of the soil, and acquires a heat distribution image acquisition unit that acquires a heat distribution image in the evaluation target field, and the temperature of the field. Based on the field temperature acquisition unit, the heat distribution image of the field acquired by the heat distribution image acquisition unit, and the field temperature acquired by the field temperature acquisition unit. A soil reducibility evaluation unit for obtaining an evaluation value representing the degree.
- the heat distribution image acquisition unit captures infrared rays emitted from the field to be evaluated, and generates a heat distribution image (thermogram) representing the heat distribution as a diagram.
- the heat distribution image acquisition unit wirelessly receives a heat distribution image in a field to be evaluated from the heat distribution image generation device.
- a communication interface unit for example, a communication card.
- the soil state evaluation system S includes a heat distribution image generation device M and a soil state evaluation device P connected to the heat distribution image generation device M so as to be wirelessly communicable.
- the heat distribution image generation device M is a device that generates a heat distribution image SP in the field AR to be evaluated.
- the heat distribution image generation device M is attached to the tip of a long rod such as a cocoon, for example, and generates a heat distribution image SP of the field overlooking the field AR from above, or is relatively adjacent to the field AR. If there is a high building, the heat distribution image SP of the field may be generated from the building, but in this embodiment, an aircraft is provided so that the heat distribution image SP of the field is generated from the sky. It is configured.
- the heat distribution image generation device M includes a GPS 21, a temperature measurement unit 22, a control unit 23, a heat distribution image generation unit 24, a storage unit 25, and a communication interface unit 26. And an aircraft 27.
- the aircraft 27 is a device that flies in the atmosphere, such as a balloon, an airship, an airplane, a helicopter, and a multicopter.
- the aircraft 27 may be a manned aircraft, but is preferably an unmanned aircraft (drone) by radio controlled flight (guided flight) or autonomous flight.
- the aircraft 27 is connected to the control unit 23 and flies according to the control of the control unit 23 by guided flight or autonomous flight.
- a GPS (Global Positioning System) 21 is a device that is connected to the control unit 23 and measures the position Pap of the aircraft 27 by a satellite positioning system for measuring the current position on the earth according to the control of the control unit 23.
- the positioning result (position Pap (latitude Xap, longitude Yap, altitude Zap)) is output to the control unit 23.
- the GPS 21 may be a GPS having a correction function for correcting an error such as DGSP (Differential GSP).
- the temperature measuring unit 22 is connected to the control unit 23 and is a temperature sensor that measures the field temperature Ts under the control of the control unit 23, and outputs the temperature Ts of the measurement result to the control unit 23.
- the temperature measuring unit 22 mounted on the aircraft 27 since the temperature Ts of the field is measured by the temperature measuring unit 22 mounted on the aircraft 27, it is preferable that the aircraft 27 fly in a relatively low sky.
- the temperature measuring unit 22 mounted on the aircraft 27 is different from the actual temperature Tr of the field on the ground, the temperature is measured by the temperature measuring unit 22 mounted on the aircraft 27.
- the difference between the measured field temperature Ts and the actual field temperature Tr on the ground is measured by a plurality of samples in advance for each altitude of the aircraft 27, and by using this result, the temperature mounted on the aircraft 27 is measured.
- the field temperature Ts measured by the measurement unit 22 may be corrected so as to be the actual field temperature Tr of the field on the ground.
- the heat distribution image generation unit 24 is connected to the control unit 23, and in accordance with the control of the control unit 23, captures infrared rays emitted from the evaluation target field AR, and displays the heat distribution as a diagram (thermogram). It is a heat distribution image generation device (thermograph, infrared camera) that generates SP, and outputs the generated heat distribution image SP to the control unit 23.
- a heat distribution image generation unit 24 is, for example, an image forming optical system that forms an image of infrared rays in the field AR to be evaluated on a predetermined image forming surface, and a light receiving surface that is aligned with the image forming surface.
- An infrared image sensor that converts the image into an electrical signal, and an output of the infrared image sensor is subjected to image processing such as conversion of infrared radiation amount into heat (temperature).
- image processing such as conversion of infrared radiation amount into heat (temperature).
- An image processing unit that generates SP is provided.
- the communication interface unit (communication IF unit) 26 is a communication circuit that is connected to the control unit 23 and performs wireless communication under the control of the control unit 23.
- the communication IF unit 26 generates a communication signal containing data to be transferred input from the control unit 23 according to a communication protocol used between the heat distribution image generation device M and the soil condition evaluation device P. The generated communication signal is transmitted to the soil condition evaluation device P.
- the communication IF unit 26 receives a communication signal from the soil condition evaluation device P, extracts data from the received communication signal, converts the extracted data into data in a format that can be processed by the control unit 23, and controls the control unit 23. Output to.
- the communication IF unit 26 includes, for example, a communication interface circuit that conforms to the IEEE 802.11 standard or the like.
- the storage unit 25 is a circuit that is connected to the control unit 23 and stores various predetermined programs and various predetermined data under the control of the control unit 23.
- Examples of the various predetermined programs include a control program for controlling each unit 21, 22, 24 to 27 of the heat distribution image generating apparatus M according to the function of each unit, positioning by the GPS 21, and a temperature measuring unit 22.
- the GPS 21, the air temperature measurement unit 22, and the heat distribution image generation unit 24 respectively perform the positioning, the temperature measurement, and the imaging so that the temperature measurement by the image capturing and the image capturing by the heat distribution image generation unit 24 are synchronized with each other.
- a data transmission program for transmitting the heat distribution image SP from the communication IF unit 26 to the soil condition evaluation device P using a communication signal It includes control processing program and the like.
- the various kinds of predetermined data include data necessary for processing to capture and generate a heat distribution image SP of a field, such as a communication address of the soil condition evaluation device P, for example.
- the storage unit 25 includes, for example, a ROM (Read Only Memory) that is a nonvolatile storage element, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) that is a rewritable nonvolatile storage element, and the like.
- the storage unit 25 includes a RAM (Random Access Memory) serving as a working memory of the control unit 23 that stores data generated during execution of the predetermined program.
- the control unit 23 controls each unit 21, 22, 24 to 27 of the heat distribution image generating apparatus M according to the function of each unit, and controls the entire heat distribution image generating apparatus M.
- the control unit 23 performs the positioning, the temperature measurement, and the imaging to the GPS 21, the temperature measurement by the temperature measurement unit 22, the temperature measurement by the temperature measurement unit 22, and the imaging by the heat distribution image generation unit 24, respectively.
- the temperature measurement unit 22 and the heat distribution image generation unit 24 are each executed.
- the control unit 23 obtains the positioning result Pap obtained by the GPS 21, the temperature measuring unit 22 and the heat distribution image generating unit 24, the temperature Ts of the measurement result, and the heat distribution image SP generated by imaging,
- a communication signal is transmitted from the communication IF unit 26 to the soil condition evaluation apparatus P.
- the controller 23 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and its peripheral circuits.
- storage part 25, and the communication IF part 26 are mounted in the aircraft 27, and are arrange
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus P includes a communication IF unit 11, a control processing unit 12, a storage unit 13, an input unit 14, and an output unit 15.
- the communication IF unit 11 is a communication circuit that is connected to the control processing unit 12 and performs wireless communication under the control of the control processing unit 12, similarly to the communication IF unit 26.
- the communication IF unit 11 includes, for example, a communication interface circuit that complies with the IEEE 802.11 standard or the like.
- the communication IF unit 11 corresponds to an example of a heat distribution image acquisition unit that acquires the heat distribution image SP in the field AR, and also corresponds to an example of a field temperature acquisition unit that acquires the temperature Ts of the field.
- the input unit 14 is connected to the control processing unit 12 and, for example, various commands such as a command for instructing start of evaluation, and various data necessary for evaluating the field AR such as the name of the field AR and evaluation conditions, for example.
- a device that inputs to the soil condition evaluation apparatus P for example, a plurality of input switches assigned with predetermined functions, a keyboard, a mouse, and the like.
- the evaluation condition is a predetermined condition set in advance when actually measuring the heat distribution image SP and the temperature Ts of the field, and is compared with the set evaluation condition stored in the setting evaluation condition information storage unit 135 described later. Is done.
- the set evaluation condition is a condition for determining whether or not an evaluation value is significantly obtained by a soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 described later.
- the setting evaluation condition preferably includes that the field temperature Ts is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature Th set in advance, and in this embodiment, the weather is sunny or sunny. It further includes that the time is from 9:00 to 15:00. For this reason, the evaluation condition includes the temperature Ts of the field.
- the temperature Ts of the field is measured by the temperature measuring unit 22, and the measured temperature Ts of the field is acquired from the heat distribution image generating device M by the communication IF unit 11. Therefore, the communication IF unit 11 corresponds to an example of an evaluation condition receiving unit that receives an evaluation condition from the outside.
- the predetermined temperature Th is set to an appropriate value, for example, 25 ° C., 28 ° C., 30 ° C., or the like by considering the reduction disorder process.
- the evaluation condition includes weather and time. These weather and time are input from the input unit 14. Therefore, the input unit 14 corresponds to another example of an evaluation condition receiving unit that receives an evaluation condition from the outside.
- the output unit 15 is connected to the control processing unit 12, and according to the control of the control processing unit 12, the command and data input from the input unit 14, the evaluation value EV and the amount of material obtained by the soil condition evaluation device P
- a device that outputs MV or the like for example, a display device such as a CRT display, LCD, or organic EL display, or a printing device such as a printer.
- a touch panel may be configured from the input unit 14 and the output unit 15.
- the input unit 14 is a position input device that detects and inputs an operation position such as a resistive film method or a capacitance method
- the output unit 15 is a display device.
- a position input device is provided on the display surface of the display device, one or more input content candidates that can be input to the display device are displayed, and the user touches the display position where the input content to be input is displayed. Then, the position is detected by the position input device, and the display content displayed at the detected position is input to the soil condition evaluation device P as the operation input content of the user.
- the soil condition evaluation device P that is easy for the user to handle is provided.
- the temperature Ts of the field is acquired from the heat distribution image generation device M by the communication IF unit 11, and the operator measures the temperature at the field AR with a thermometer, and this measured temperature is the temperature of the field.
- This method is particularly useful when the above-described heat distribution image generation device is attached to the tip of the rod to acquire the heat distribution image SP of the field, or when the heat distribution image SP of the field is acquired from an adjacent building or the like. It is. Therefore, in such a case, the input unit 14 corresponds to another example of the field temperature acquisition unit that acquires the temperature Ts of the field.
- the storage unit 13 is a circuit that is connected to the control processing unit 12 and stores various predetermined programs and various predetermined data under the control of the control processing unit 12.
- Examples of the various predetermined programs include a control program for controlling the units 11 and 13 to 15 of the soil condition evaluation apparatus P according to the functions of the units, and the heat distribution of the field acquired by the communication IF unit 11. Reduction in the soil of the field based on the field temperature processing program for obtaining the temperature Tar of the field based on the image SP and the heat distribution image SP of the field acquired by the communication IF unit 11 and the temperature Ts of the field.
- the amount of material for obtaining the amount MV of the material for improving the reducibility based on the evaluation value EV obtained by the soil reducibility evaluation program for obtaining the evaluation value EV representing the degree of nature A control processing program such as a processing program is included.
- the various predetermined data include the communication address of the heat distribution image generation device M, the heat distribution image SP of the field, the temperature conversion information for obtaining the temperature distribution Tar of the field from the heat distribution image SP of the field, From the temperature distribution information Tarp, the evaluation value conversion information for obtaining the evaluation value EV from the difference between the field temperature Tar and the field temperature Ts, the field reducibility evaluation map EVm, and the field reducibility evaluation map EVm Data necessary for evaluating the soil condition of the field such as the material amount conversion information for obtaining the material amount map MVm, the field material amount map MVm, and the like are included.
- the storage unit 13 includes, for example, a ROM or an EEPROM.
- the storage unit 13 includes a RAM serving as a working memory for the so-called control processing unit 12 that stores data generated during execution of the predetermined program. And in order to memorize
- a setting evaluation condition information storage unit 135 and a conversion information storage unit 136 are provided.
- the heat distribution information storage unit 131 stores the heat distribution image (heat distribution image data) SP of the field.
- the heat distribution information storage unit 131 is synchronized with the heat distribution image SP of the field received by the communication IF unit 11 and the imaging of the heat distribution image generation unit 24 to generate the heat distribution image SP.
- the position Pap of the positioning result of the GPS 21 and the temperature Ts of the measurement result of the temperature measuring unit 22 obtained in association with each other are stored in association with each other.
- the temperature distribution information storage unit 132 stores the temperature distribution image Tarp of the field.
- the temperature distribution information storage unit 132 stores the temperature distribution image Tarp of the farm field obtained based on the heat distribution image SP of the farm field by using the temperature conversion information by the farm temperature processing unit 122 described later. To do.
- the field temperature distribution image Tarp is stored in the temperature distribution information storage unit 132 in association with the position Pap and the field temperature Ts associated with the field heat distribution image SP used to obtain the field temperature distribution image Tarp.
- the reducibility evaluation information storage unit 133 stores the reducibility evaluation map EVm of the field.
- the reducibility evaluation information storage unit 133 is obtained based on the field temperature Tar and the field temperature Ts by using the evaluation value conversion information by the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 described later.
- a field reducibility evaluation map EVm is stored.
- the field reducibility evaluation map EVm is associated with the position Pap and the field temperature Ts associated with the field temperature distribution image Tarp (that is, the field heat distribution image SP) used to obtain the map. And stored in the reducibility evaluation information storage unit 133.
- the material amount information storage unit 134 stores the material amount map MVm of the field.
- the material amount information storage unit 134 uses the material amount conversion information by the material amount processing unit 124 to be described later, so that the material amount map of the field obtained based on the field reducibility evaluation map EVm.
- This field material amount map MVm is stored in the material amount information storage unit 134 in association with the position Pap associated with the reducibility evaluation map EVm (that is, the heat distribution image SP of the field) used when obtaining this field map.
- the setting evaluation condition information storage unit 135 stores the setting evaluation condition.
- the setting evaluation condition information storage unit 135 stores, as one of the setting evaluation conditions, that the field temperature Ts of the field is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature Th. Is clear or sunny and the time is from 9 o'clock to 15 o'clock, is stored as another setting evaluation condition.
- the conversion information storage unit 136 stores the temperature conversion information, evaluation value conversion information, and material amount conversion information. These temperature conversion information, evaluation value conversion information, and material amount conversion information are generated by measuring a plurality of samples in advance and statistically processing the measurement results, and are stored in the conversion information storage unit 136. In this embodiment, the evaluation value conversion information and the material amount conversion information are collected in one table in a table format and stored in the conversion information storage unit 136.
- the evaluation material conversion information table CT for registering the evaluation value conversion information and the material amount conversion information is, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, a difference ⁇ T for registering a difference between the field temperature Tar and the field temperature Ts.
- a material amount field 313 for registering MV which has a record corresponding to the number of types of evaluation values EV.
- the evaluation value EV is multistage and includes an evaluation indicating whether or not a reduction disorder has occurred. More specifically, in this embodiment, the evaluation value EV has four stages of “no reduction”, “weak reduction”, “medium reduction”, and “strong reduction”, and the “no reduction” “Represents” no occurrence of reduction failure ", and” strong reduction “represents” occurrence of reduction failure ".
- the evaluation material conversion information table CT shown in FIG. 3 has four records.
- the first record when the difference ⁇ T obtained by subtracting the field temperature Ts from the field temperature Tar by each field 311 to 313 is 0 or less ( ⁇ T ⁇ 0), It is registered that the evaluation value EV is not reducing and the material amount MV is 0 [kg / 10a] (0 kg per 10 ares).
- the difference ⁇ T obtained by subtracting the field temperature Ts from the field temperature Tar from each field 311 to 313 is greater than 0 and less than Th1 (0 ⁇ ⁇ T ⁇ Th1), the evaluation value EV is weakly reducing, and the material amount MV is registered as V1 [kg / 10a] (V1 kg per 10 ares).
- the third record includes a case where a difference ⁇ T obtained by subtracting the field temperature Ts from the field temperature Tar from each field 311 to 313 is greater than Th1 and less than Th2 (Th1 ⁇ ⁇ T ⁇ Th2), the evaluation value EV is moderately reducible, and the material amount MV is registered as V2 [kg / 10a] (V2 kg per 10 ares).
- the Th1 is + 1.5 ° C., + 2 ° C., + 2.5 ° C. or the like, and the Th2 is + 3.5 ° C., + 4 ° C., + 4.5 ° C., or the like, and Th1 ⁇ Th2.
- the V1 is 10 [kg / 10a]
- the V2 is 20 [kg / 10a]
- the V3 is 30 [kg / 10a]
- V1 ⁇ V2 ⁇ V3. is there.
- the control processing unit 12 controls the units 11 and 13 to 15 of the soil condition evaluation device P according to the functions of the components, obtains an evaluation value EV and a material amount MV, and controls the soil condition evaluation device P overall. Is.
- the control processing unit 12 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and its peripheral circuits. By executing the control processing program in the control processing unit 12, a control unit 121, a field temperature processing unit 122, a soil reducibility evaluation unit 123, and a material amount processing unit 124 are functionally configured.
- the control part 121 controls each part 11, 13-15 of the said soil condition evaluation apparatus P according to the function of the said each part.
- the control unit 121 receives the heat distribution image SP, the position Pap, and the temperature Ts of the farm housed in the communication signal. Are associated with each other and stored in the heat distribution information storage unit 131.
- the field temperature processing unit 122 calculates the temperature Tar of the field based on the heat distribution image SP of the field received by the communication IF unit 11. More specifically, the field temperature processing unit 122 uses the temperature conversion information stored in the conversion information storage unit 136 to set each pixel in the heat distribution image SP of the field to a temperature corresponding to the pixel value. By converting, an image (temperature distribution image) Tarp representing the temperature distribution of the field is obtained. Accordingly, each pixel of the temperature distribution image Tarp of the field represents the temperature Tar of the field at the pixel position. The field temperature processing unit 122 stores the obtained temperature distribution image Tarp in the temperature distribution information storage unit 132 in association with the position Pap and the temperature Ts associated with the heat distribution image SP of the field.
- the soil state evaluation unit 123 calculates the evaluation value of the field based on the difference between the temperature distribution image Tarp of the field obtained by the field temperature processing unit 122 and the temperature Ts of the field received by the communication IF unit 11. EV is obtained in multiple stages. More specifically, the soil condition evaluation unit 123 uses the evaluation value conversion information stored in the conversion information storage unit 136 to evaluate the difference between the field temperature distribution image Tarp and the field temperature Ts. Convert to value EV. Although the conversion to the evaluation value EV may be executed for each pixel, in the present embodiment, the soil state evaluation unit 123 converts the temperature distribution image Tarp of the field into a sub-region having a predetermined predetermined width.
- the field temperature Ts is considered to be the same (in each sub-region SAR) throughout the field.
- a reduction evaluation map EVm to which an evaluation value EV (SAR) is assigned for each sub-region SAR is created.
- the sub-region SAR has an arbitrary shape (for example, a triangle, a quadrangle, a hexagon, etc.) and an arbitrary width (0.5 are, 1 are, 2 are, etc.) as long as the field AR can be divided without gaps. Although it is good, in one example, it is a square of 5 m or 10 m on a side.
- the representative value may be, for example, an average value of all pixels in the sub-region SAR, or may be a median value of the sub-region SAR, for example.
- the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 associates the obtained reducibility evaluation map EVm with the position Pap associated with the temperature distribution image Tarp of the field and the field temperature Ts of the field, and the reducibility evaluation information storage unit. 133 to store.
- the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 when the evaluation condition received by the communication IF unit 11 or the input unit 14 satisfies the setting evaluation condition stored in the setting evaluation condition information storage unit 135, The evaluation value EV obtained as described above is obtained as the final evaluation value EV. More specifically, the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 determines the evaluation value EV as the final evaluation value EV when the field temperature Ts received by the communication IF unit 11 is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature Th. To do. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 performs the evaluation when the heat distribution image SP of the field is clear or sunny and is captured at any time between 9:00 and 15:00. The value EV is set as the final evaluation value EV.
- the material amount processing unit 124 obtains the amount MV of material for improving the reducibility based on the evaluation value EV obtained by the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123. More specifically, the material amount processing unit 124 uses each of the material amount conversion information stored in the conversion information storage unit 136 to use each sub-unit of the reducibility evaluation map EVm stored in the reducibility evaluation information storage unit 133. Each evaluation value EV (SAR) associated with the area SAR is converted into a material amount MV (SAR). As a result, a material amount map MVm to which a material amount MV (SAR) is assigned for each sub-region SAR is created. Then, the material quantity processing unit 124 stores the obtained material quantity map MVm in the material quantity information storage unit 134 in association with the position Pap associated with the field reducibility evaluation map EVm.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the soil condition evaluation apparatus of the soil condition evaluation system.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a temperature distribution image of an agricultural field as an example.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an evaluation value map obtained based on the temperature distribution image of the field schematically shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a material amount map obtained based on the evaluation value map shown in FIG.
- the control processing unit 12 is functionally configured with a control unit 121, a field temperature processing unit 122, a soil reducibility evaluation unit 123, and a material amount processing unit 124.
- the heat distribution image generation device M flies in accordance with the control of the control unit 23 by guided flight or autonomous flight, images the field AR to be evaluated from above, measures the position by the GPS 21 in synchronization with the image capturing, and performs the temperature measurement by the temperature measurement unit 22. Measure temperature. Then, the heat distribution image generation device M is generated by the control unit 23 by imaging the GPS 21, the temperature measurement unit 22, and the heat distribution image generation unit 24 obtained by the positioning result Pap, the measurement result temperature Ts, and the measurement result.
- the transmitted heat distribution image SP (not shown) is transmitted from the communication IF unit 26 to the soil condition evaluation device P as a communication signal.
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus P obtains the positioning result Pap (position Pap), the measurement result temperature Ts (field temperature Ts), and the field heat distribution image SP from the heat distribution image generation apparatus M by the communication IF unit 11.
- position Pap position Pap
- field temperature Ts field temperature
- field heat distribution image SP field heat distribution image SP
- the acquired position Pap, field temperature Ts, and field heat distribution image SP are associated with each other and stored in the heat distribution information storage unit 131 of the storage unit 13 (S11).
- Evaluation conditions are acquired (S12).
- the evaluation condition may be received by the input unit 14, stored in the storage unit 13, and the evaluation condition stored in the storage unit 13 may be acquired.
- the evaluation condition may be acquired by receiving the input of the evaluation condition by the input unit 14. good.
- This evaluation condition input operation may be executed at predetermined time intervals (for example, every 30 minutes, every hour, every two hours, or the like).
- weather and time are input from the input unit 14 as one of the evaluation conditions.
- the temperature Ts of the field is received as another one of the evaluation conditions by the communication IF unit 11 as described above.
- the soil state evaluation apparatus P obtains the temperature distribution image Tarp of the field by obtaining the temperature Tar of the field based on the heat distribution image SP of the field by the field temperature processing unit 122 of the control processing unit 12 and stores it. (S13). More specifically, the field temperature processing unit 122 uses the temperature conversion information stored in the conversion information storage unit 136 to calculate each pixel in the heat distribution image SP of the field acquired in step S11 as a pixel value. An image (temperature distribution image) Tarp representing the temperature distribution of the field is obtained by converting the temperature into a temperature corresponding to. Then, the field temperature processing unit 122 stores the obtained temperature distribution image Tarp in the temperature distribution information storage unit 132 in association with the position Pap and the temperature Ts acquired in step S11.
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus P obtains an evaluation value EV by the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 of the control processing unit 12 (S14). More specifically, the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 determines the difference between the field temperature distribution image Tarp obtained by the field temperature processing unit 122 in step S13 and the field temperature Ts acquired in step S11. Based on this, the field evaluation value EV is determined in multiple stages. More specifically, the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 determines, for each of the plurality of sub-regions SAR into which the field AR is divided, the representative value of the temperature Tar of the sub-region SAR from the field temperature distribution image Tarp obtained in step S13.
- the difference ⁇ T between the obtained representative value temperature Tar and the field temperature Ts is obtained, and this difference ⁇ T is evaluated using the evaluation material conversion information table CT stored in the conversion information storage unit 136. Convert to EV (SAR). Thereby, the reducibility evaluation map EVm is created.
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus P determines whether the received evaluation condition satisfies the set evaluation condition stored in the set evaluation condition information storage unit 135 by the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 (S15). As a result of this determination, when the evaluation condition satisfies the set evaluation condition (Yes), the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 sets the evaluation value EV obtained in the process S14 as the finally obtained evaluation value EV, When the evaluation condition does not satisfy the set evaluation condition (No), the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 does not use the evaluation value EV obtained in the processing S14 as an error as the evaluation value EV finally obtained.
- the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 determines whether or not the field temperature Ts acquired in the process S11 is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature Th, and the weather received in the process S12 is clear or sunny. Then, it is determined whether or not the time received in the process S12 is from 9:00 to 15:00. As a result of this determination, the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 determines that the field temperature Ts acquired in the process S11 is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature Th, and the weather received in the process S12 is clear or sunny, and the When the time received in process S12 is from 9:00 to 15:00, it is determined that the evaluation condition satisfies the set evaluation condition (Yes), and the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 determines the evaluation value obtained in process S14.
- the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 indicates that the field temperature Ts acquired in the process S11 is not equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature Th, or the weather received in the process S12 is not clear or sunny, or When the time received in the process S12 is not from 9:00 to 15:00 (that is, the field temperature Ts acquired in the process S11 is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature Th, the weather received in the process S12 is clear or When the evaluation condition does not satisfy the set evaluation condition (if no one of the clear sky and the time received in the process S12 is from 9:00 to 15:00) ) And the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 does not use the evaluation value EV obtained in the process S14 as the evaluation value EV finally obtained as an error.
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus P uses the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 to calculate the evaluation value EV (in this embodiment, the reducibility evaluation map EVm) obtained in the process S14, the determination result of the process S15, and the process S11.
- the obtained position Pap and the temperature Ts are associated with each other and stored in the reducing ability evaluation information storage unit 133 (S16).
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus P uses the material amount processing unit 124 of the control processing unit 12 to increase the reducibility based on the evaluation value EV obtained by the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123.
- MV is obtained and stored (S17). More specifically, the material amount processing unit 124 uses the material amount conversion information stored in the conversion information storage unit 136 to associate with each sub-region SAR of the reducibility evaluation map EVm obtained in step S14. Each evaluation value EV (SAR) thus obtained is converted into a material amount MV (SAR). Then, the material amount processing unit 124 stores the obtained material amount map MVm in the material amount information storage unit 134 in association with the position Pap acquired in step S11.
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus P outputs the evaluation value EV and its material amount MV for the field AR to be evaluated from the output unit 15 by the control processing unit 12 (S18), and ends the process. More specifically, the control processing unit 12 outputs, from the output unit 15, the reducibility evaluation map EVm obtained in the process S14 and the material amount map MVm in the process S16 according to the determination result of the process S15. More specifically, for example, the control processing unit 12 determines the evaluation value EV (this embodiment) in which the determination result of the process S15 is finally obtained from the evaluation value EV (in this embodiment, the reducibility evaluation map EVm) obtained in the process S14.
- the reducibility evaluation map EVm obtained in step S14 and the material amount map MVm are output from the output unit 15 in step S16, and the control processing unit 12 determines the determination result in step S15. Is an error, the setting evaluation condition is not satisfied and an error is output from the output unit 15.
- the control processing unit 12 outputs the fact that the setting evaluation condition is not satisfied and the error is output from the output unit 15, and the reducibility obtained in the process S14 as reference information.
- the material amount map MVm may be output from the output unit 15 in the evaluation map EVm and processing S16.
- the temperature distribution image Tarp shown in FIG. For example, by converting the pixel value of each pixel from the heat distribution image SP in the evaluation target field AR using the temperature conversion information, the temperature distribution image Tarp shown in FIG.
- a representative value of the temperature Tar of the sub-region SAR is obtained, and the representative value of the temperature Tar of the sub-region SAR is obtained as an evaluation material conversion information table.
- CT a reduction evaluation map EVm shown in FIG. 6 is obtained.
- the evaluation value EV (SAR) of the sub-region SAR is converted using the evaluation material conversion information table CT.
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus P receives the communication signal which accommodated the positioning result Pap (position Pap), the temperature Ts (temperature Ts of field) of the measurement result, and the heat distribution image SP of the field from the heat distribution image generation apparatus M.
- the above-described processes S11 to S18 are executed.
- the plurality of reducibility evaluation maps EVm (Par) are connected to the plurality of reducibility evaluation maps EVm.
- (Par) Linked based on each position Pap corresponding to each.
- a position on the map EVm (Par) is obtained, and the reduction evaluation is performed from the angle of view of the heat distribution image generation unit 24, the position Pap, and the position on the reduction evaluation map EVm (Par) corresponding to the position Pap.
- the position of the peripheral part of the map EVm (Par) is obtained. Based on the respective positions of the respective peripheral portions of the respective reducibility evaluation maps EVm (Par) obtained in this way, the mutual positional relationship of the respective reducibility evaluation maps EVm (Par) is obtained.
- EVm (Par) is connected. Even when a plurality of material amount maps MVm (Par) corresponding to each position Pap are connected, a plurality of material amount maps MVm ( Par) is connected based on each position Pap corresponding to each of the plurality of material amount maps MVm (Par).
- the soil state evaluation system S, the soil state evaluation device P, and the soil state evaluation method and the soil state evaluation program implemented therein are the field heat distribution image SP and the field temperature Ts. Therefore, it is not necessary to sample a sample from the soil, and the heat distribution image SP is obtained by, for example, a heat distribution image generation device or the like. Since a relatively wide range can be obtained at a time, the degree of reducibility can be evaluated more efficiently.
- the soil state evaluation system S, the soil state evaluation device P, the soil state evaluation method, and the soil state evaluation program increase the evaluation value EV based on the difference ⁇ T between the field temperature Tar and the field temperature Ts. Since it calculates
- the above-described soil condition evaluation system S, soil condition evaluation apparatus P, soil condition evaluation method, and soil condition evaluation program include an evaluation in which the evaluation value EV indicates whether or not a reduction disorder has occurred. It can be obtained, and it can be known whether or not a reduction disorder has occurred.
- the degree of reduction can be suitably evaluated when the temperature is relatively high or when the weather is fine.
- the soil reducibility evaluation unit 123 stores the received evaluation conditions in the setting evaluation condition information storage unit 135. When the evaluation condition is satisfied, the final evaluation value EV is obtained, so that a more appropriate evaluation value EV can be obtained.
- One of the set evaluation conditions is that the soil state evaluation system S, the soil state evaluation device P, the soil state evaluation method, and the soil state evaluation program indicate that the acquired temperature Ts of the field is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature Th. Therefore, a more appropriate evaluation value can be obtained in view of the above-described reduction failure process.
- the soil condition evaluation system S, the soil condition evaluation apparatus P, the soil condition evaluation method, and the soil condition evaluation program are one of the set evaluation conditions that the weather is fine or clear and the time is from 9:00 to 15:00. Therefore, a more appropriate evaluation value can be obtained in view of the above-described reduction failure process.
- the soil state evaluation system S Since the soil state evaluation system S, the soil state evaluation device P, the soil state evaluation method, and the soil state evaluation program obtain the evaluation values for each of the plurality of sub-regions, the two-dimensional spatial resolution can be improved. The degree of reducibility generated can be evaluated.
- materials for improving the reducibility such as lime nitrogen
- materials for improving the reducibility such as lime nitrogen
- the degree of reduction is unknown, and therefore, the material is supplied to the entire field AR in a uniform amount.
- the soil state evaluation system S, the soil state evaluation device P, the soil state evaluation method, and the soil state evaluation program obtain the amount MV of the material based on the evaluation value EV, the material can be supplied to the field AR in a more appropriate amount. .
- the amount MV of the material can be reduced compared to the case where the material is supplied to the field AR in a uniform amount, so that the cost can be reduced and the cost effectiveness can be improved.
- the amount of material MV (SAR) is obtained for each of the plurality of sub-regions SAR. Accordingly, the material can be supplied to the individual sub-regions SAR, so that the material can be supplied to the field AR more efficiently.
- the material amount is obtained regardless of whether or not the setting evaluation condition is satisfied.
- the material amount may be obtained only when the setting evaluation condition is satisfied. That is, when the set evaluation condition is not satisfied, the execution of the process S17 for obtaining and storing the material amount is skipped.
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus P acquires the heat distribution image SP from the heat distribution image generation apparatus M by wireless communication.
- the heat distribution image generation apparatus M and the soil condition evaluation apparatus P are cables.
- the soil condition evaluation device P may acquire the heat distribution image SP from the heat distribution image generation device M via the cable.
- the heat distribution image acquisition unit is an interface unit that receives the heat distribution image SP in the field to be evaluated from the heat distribution image generation device M by wire.
- the soil state evaluation apparatus P may acquire the heat distribution image SP from a server apparatus that stores and manages the heat distribution image SP via a communication line.
- the heat distribution image acquisition unit is a communication interface unit that receives the heat distribution image SP via a communication line from the server device that stores and manages the heat distribution image SP in the field AR to be evaluated.
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus P may acquire the heat distribution image SP from a recording medium on which the heat distribution image SP is recorded.
- the heat distribution image acquisition unit reads the heat distribution image SP from a recording medium on which the heat distribution image SP in the field AR to be evaluated is recorded, for example, a storage device (for example, an HDD drive device or a CD). -ROM drive device).
- the heat distribution image acquisition unit is a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface unit.
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus is acquired by a heat distribution image acquisition unit that acquires a heat distribution image in a field to be evaluated, a field temperature acquisition unit that acquires a temperature of the field, and the heat distribution image acquisition unit. And a soil reducibility evaluation unit that obtains an evaluation value representing a degree of reducibility in the soil of the field based on the heat distribution image of the field and the field temperature acquired by the field temperature acquisition unit.
- the heat distribution image acquisition unit captures infrared rays radiated from the field to be evaluated, and generates heat distribution images (thermograms) representing the heat distribution as a diagram. It is a distribution image generation device (thermograph, infrared camera).
- the heat distribution image acquisition unit is an interface unit that receives, from the heat distribution image generation device, a heat distribution image in a field to be evaluated by wire.
- the heat distribution image acquisition unit wirelessly receives a heat distribution image in an evaluation target field from the heat distribution image generation device (for example, a communication card). It is.
- the heat distribution image acquisition unit receives the heat distribution image via a communication line from a server device that stores and manages the heat distribution image in the field to be evaluated. Part.
- the heat distribution image acquisition unit reads the heat distribution image from a recording medium on which the heat distribution image in the evaluation target field is recorded (for example, a storage device corresponding to the storage medium (for example, HDD drive device, CD-ROM drive device, etc.).
- a recording medium on which the heat distribution image in the evaluation target field is recorded for example, a storage device corresponding to the storage medium (for example, HDD drive device, CD-ROM drive device, etc.).
- So-called reduction failure is considered to occur by the following process. That is, for example, when hydrogen sulfide or an organic acid is generated in soil in a field such as a paddy field, for example, root elongation and activity in a crop such as rice are inhibited. As a result, the growth of the crop is suppressed and the moisture of the crop is sucked up. Ability weakens. For this reason, for example, when the temperature is high in a relatively hot season in summer, for example, moisture is not transferred to the entire crop, and the amount of transpiration from the pores decreases. As a result, the temperature of the crop itself (corresponding to the body temperature in the case of the person) cannot be lowered sufficiently, such as human heat stroke, resulting in poor growth or withering. If such a reduction hindrance occurs, the yield of the crop will decrease and the quality will deteriorate.
- the present inventor has found that the presence or absence of reduction damage in the field correlates with the temperature of the crop in view of such a reduction damage process.
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus obtains an evaluation value indicating the degree of reducibility in the soil of the field based on the heat distribution image of the field and the temperature of the field, so there is no need to sample a sample from the soil, Since the distribution image can be obtained in a relatively wide range at a time by, for example, a heat distribution image generation device or the like, the degree of reduction can be evaluated more efficiently.
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus further includes a field temperature processing unit that calculates a temperature of the field based on the heat distribution image acquired by the heat distribution image acquisition unit, and the soil reducibility evaluation The unit obtains the evaluation value in multiple stages based on a difference between the field temperature obtained by the field temperature processing unit and the field temperature obtained by the field temperature obtaining unit.
- the greater the difference between the field temperature and the field temperature the greater the degree of reduction. Since the said soil condition evaluation apparatus calculates
- the evaluation value includes an evaluation indicating whether or not a reduction disorder has occurred.
- the evaluation value includes an evaluation indicating whether or not a reduction disorder has occurred, it is possible to determine whether or not a reduction disorder has occurred and to know whether or not a reduction disorder has occurred.
- an evaluation condition storage unit that stores a set evaluation condition when the evaluation value is obtained by the soil reducibility evaluation unit, and an evaluation condition reception that receives the evaluation condition from the outside
- the soil reducibility evaluation unit obtains the evaluation value when the evaluation condition received by the evaluation condition reception unit satisfies the set evaluation condition stored in the evaluation condition storage unit.
- the soil condition evaluation apparatus obtains an evaluation value when the evaluation condition received by the evaluation condition receiving unit by the soil reducibility evaluation unit satisfies the set evaluation condition stored in the evaluation condition storage unit. The value can be determined.
- the evaluation condition storage unit is configured so that the temperature of the field acquired by the field temperature acquisition unit is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature.
- the evaluation condition accepting unit includes the field temperature obtaining unit.
- Such a soil condition evaluation apparatus can obtain a more appropriate evaluation value in view of the above-described reduction disorder process.
- the evaluation condition storage unit stores, as one of the set evaluation conditions, that the weather is fine or clear and the time is from 9:00 to 15:00.
- the evaluation condition receiving unit is an input unit that receives data input from the outside.
- Such a soil condition evaluation apparatus can obtain a more appropriate evaluation value in view of the above-described reduction disorder process.
- the field to be evaluated includes a plurality of sub-regions divided, and the soil reducibility evaluation unit performs the evaluation on each of the plurality of sub-regions. Find each value.
- Such a soil condition evaluation apparatus obtains an evaluation value for each of a plurality of sub-regions, so that the two-dimensional spatial resolution can be improved, and the degree of reducibility generated at various places in the field can be evaluated.
- a material amount processing unit for obtaining an amount of material for improving the reducibility based on the evaluation value obtained by the soil reducibility evaluation unit Prepare.
- the degree of reducibility When the degree of reducibility has deteriorated, materials for improving the reducibility, such as lime nitrogen, are supplied to the field in preparation for the growth of the next crop.
- the degree of reduction is unknown, so that a uniform amount of material has been supplied to the entire field. Since the said soil condition evaluation apparatus calculates
- the evaluation values are obtained for each of the plurality of sub-regions, the amount of material is obtained for each of the plurality of sub-regions. Since it can be supplied, materials can be supplied to the field more efficiently.
- the soil state evaluation method includes a heat distribution image acquisition step of acquiring a heat distribution image in a field to be evaluated, a field temperature acquisition step of acquiring the temperature of the field, and the heat distribution image acquisition step.
- a soil reducibility evaluation step of obtaining an evaluation value representing a degree of reducibility in the soil of the field based on the acquired heat distribution image of the field and the temperature of the field acquired in the field temperature acquisition step.
- the soil condition evaluation program includes, in a computer, a heat distribution image acquisition step of acquiring a heat distribution image in an evaluation target field, a field temperature acquisition step of acquiring the temperature of the field, and the heat distribution image.
- Soil reducibility evaluation for obtaining an evaluation value representing the degree of reducibility in the soil of the field based on the heat distribution image of the field acquired in the acquisition step and the field temperature acquired in the field temperature acquisition step This is a program for executing a process.
- Such a soil condition evaluation method and a soil condition evaluation program obtain an evaluation value indicating the degree of reducibility in the soil of the field based on the heat distribution image of the field and the temperature of the field. Since there is no need to sample and a heat distribution image can be obtained at a relatively wide range at a time by, for example, a heat distribution image generation device or the like, the degree of reduction can be evaluated more efficiently.
- a soil condition evaluation apparatus a soil condition evaluation method, and a soil condition evaluation program can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
まず、圃場における還元性の度合いと、作物の温度との相関関係について、一実験例に基づいて説明する。
図2は、実施形態における土壌状態評価システムの構成を示すための図である。図3は、前記土壌状態評価システムの土壌状態評価装置に記憶される評価資材変換情報テーブルを示す図である。
Claims (10)
- 評価対象の圃場における熱分布画像を取得する熱分布画像取得部と、
前記圃場の気温を取得する圃場気温取得部と、
前記熱分布画像取得部で取得された前記圃場の熱分布画像と前記圃場気温取得部で取得された前記圃場の気温とに基づいて、前記圃場の土壌における還元性の度合いを表す評価値を求める土壌還元性評価部とを備える、
土壌状態評価装置。 - 前記熱分布画像取得部で取得された前記熱分布画像に基づいて前記圃場の温度を求める圃場温度処理部をさらに備え、
前記土壌還元性評価部は、前記圃場温度処理部で求められた前記圃場の温度と前記圃場気温取得部で取得された前記圃場の気温との差に基づいて、前記評価値を多段階で求める、
請求項1に記載の土壌状態評価装置。 - 前記評価値は、還元障害の発生の有無を表す評価を含む、
請求項1または請求項2に記載の土壌状態評価装置。 - 前記土壌還元性評価部によって前記評価値を求める場合の設定評価条件を記憶する評価条件記憶部と、
外部から評価条件を受け付ける評価条件受付部とをさらに備え、
前記土壌還元性評価部は、前記評価条件受付部で受け付けられた評価条件が前記評価条件記憶部に記憶された設定評価条件を満たす場合に、前記評価値を求める、
請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の土壌状態評価装置。 - 前記評価条件記憶部は、前記圃場気温取得部で取得された前記圃場の気温が所定の温度以上であることを前記設定評価条件の1つとして記憶し、
前記評価条件受付部は、前記圃場気温取得部とを含む、
請求項2または請求項3を引用する請求項4に記載の土壌状態評価装置。 - 前記評価条件記憶部は、天候が快晴または晴天であって時刻が9時から15時まであることを前記設定評価条件の1つとして記憶し、
前記評価条件受付部は、外部からデータの入力を受け付ける入力部である、
請求項2もしくは請求項3を引用する請求項4、または、請求項5に記載の土壌状態評価装置。 - 前記評価対象の圃場は、区分けされた複数のサブ領域を備え、
前記土壌還元性評価部は、前記複数のサブ領域それぞれについて、前記評価値をそれぞれ求める、
請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の土壌状態評価装置。 - 前記土壌還元性評価部で求められた評価値に基づいて、前記還元性を改善するための資材の量を求める資材量処理部をさらに備える、
請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の土壌状態評価装置。 - 評価対象の圃場における熱分布画像を取得する熱分布画像取得工程と、
前記圃場の気温を取得する圃場気温取得工程と、
前記熱分布画像取得工程で取得された前記圃場の熱分布画像と前記圃場気温取得工程で取得された前記圃場の気温とに基づいて、前記圃場の土壌における還元性の度合いを表す評価値を求める土壌還元性評価工程とを備える、
土壌状態評価方法。 - コンピュータに、
評価対象の圃場における熱分布画像を取得する熱分布画像取得工程と、
前記圃場の気温を取得する圃場気温取得工程と、
前記熱分布画像取得工程で取得された前記圃場の熱分布画像と前記圃場気温取得工程で取得された前記圃場の気温とに基づいて、前記圃場の土壌における還元性の度合いを表す評価値を求める土壌還元性評価工程とを実行させるための土壌状態評価プログラム。
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