WO2017158782A1 - ヒートポンプ給湯機 - Google Patents
ヒートポンプ給湯機 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017158782A1 WO2017158782A1 PCT/JP2016/058439 JP2016058439W WO2017158782A1 WO 2017158782 A1 WO2017158782 A1 WO 2017158782A1 JP 2016058439 W JP2016058439 W JP 2016058439W WO 2017158782 A1 WO2017158782 A1 WO 2017158782A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- heat exchanger
- sensor
- value
- refrigerant
- Prior art date
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
- F24D19/1054—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/215—Temperature of the water before heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/227—Temperature of the refrigerant in heat pump cycles
- F24H15/232—Temperature of the refrigerant in heat pump cycles at the condenser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/258—Outdoor temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/335—Control of pumps, e.g. on-off control
- F24H15/34—Control of the speed of pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
- F24H15/38—Control of compressors of heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
- F24H15/385—Control of expansion valves of heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/04—Sensors
- F24D2220/042—Temperature sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/13—Pump speed control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
- F25B2700/21161—Temperatures of a condenser of the fluid heated by the condenser
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat pump water heater having a refrigerant circuit and a hot water supply circuit using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant and exchanging heat between water flowing through the hot water supply circuit and carbon dioxide flowing through the refrigerant circuit.
- Carbon dioxide is a type of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit. Carbon dioxide has a merit that it is nonflammable and has a low global warming potential, but has a characteristic that the pressure in the refrigerant circuit is higher than that of hydrocarbon refrigerant.
- the temperature difference between the refrigerant discharge refrigerant temperature and the tapping temperature is such that the COP (Coefficient ⁇ of ⁇ Performance) is maximized.
- the control adopted in Patent Document 1 cannot be applied to a heat pump water heater using carbon dioxide.
- the present invention has been made against the background of the above-described problems, and provides a heat pump water heater using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant that can suppress a rise in high pressure and perform a stable hot water supply operation. .
- the heat pump water heater of the present invention has a refrigerant circuit and a hot water supply circuit in which carbon dioxide circulates, and a heat pump in which water flowing through the hot water supply circuit and the carbon dioxide flowing through the refrigerant circuit exchange heat with a first heat exchanger.
- the refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, a refrigerant flow path of the first heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and a second heat exchanger, and the hot water supply circuit includes the first heat exchanger.
- the heat pump water heater has a water flow path and a tank, and the heat pump water heater detects the temperature of the carbon dioxide discharged from the compressor, and the temperature of water flowing into the water flow path of the first heat exchanger And a third sensor for detecting the temperature of water flowing out of the water flow path of the first heat exchanger, and the expansion valve has a difference between the first value and the target value.
- the opening degree is set to decrease, and the first value is the third value.
- the target value is a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature when the detection value of the second sensor is the first temperature. This is a smaller value than the case of.
- a stable hot water supply operation can be performed while suppressing an increase in the high pressure of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a heat pump water heater according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the heat pump water heater according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart relating to control of a refrigerant circuit of the heat pump water heater according to the first embodiment. It is an example of the relationship figure of the water inlet temperature of the heat pump water heater which concerns on Embodiment 1, and target temperature difference. It is another example of the relationship figure of the water inlet temperature of the heat pump water heater which concerns on Embodiment 1, and target temperature difference.
- 6 is a configuration diagram of an accumulator according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a functional block diagram of the heat pump water heater according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of the heat pump water heater according to the first embodiment.
- the heat pump water heater 100 includes a refrigerant circuit 10 in which carbon dioxide as a refrigerant circulates, and a hot water supply circuit 20.
- the refrigerant circuit 10 and the hot water supply circuit 20 are thermally connected in the first heat exchanger 12 which is a water refrigerant heat exchanger, and the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 10 and the water circulating in the hot water supply circuit 20 are first connected.
- 1 Heat exchange is performed by the heat exchanger 12.
- the refrigerant circuit 10 includes a compressor 11 that compresses and discharges the refrigerant, a refrigerant flow path 12a of the first heat exchanger 12 through which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 passes, an expansion valve 13 that decompresses the refrigerant,
- the second heat exchanger 14 is configured to be annularly connected by the refrigerant pipe 18 in this order.
- the compressor 11 is driven by a driving device including, for example, an inverter-controlled DC brushless motor, and has a function of making the pressure and temperature of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 variable.
- the expansion valve 13 has a structure in which the opening degree of the valve can be adjusted, and has a function of changing the decompression state of the refrigerant passing therethrough.
- an accumulator 15 which is a container for storing excess refrigerant, is connected to the downstream side of the second heat exchanger 14 and the upstream side of the compressor 11.
- the second heat exchanger 14 is an air heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 10 and the outside air.
- a blower 16 that blows outside air to the second heat exchanger 14 is installed around the second heat exchanger 14.
- the discharge part of the compressor 11 is provided with a first sensor 17 that is a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11.
- the 1st sensor 17 is a temperature sensor which detects the temperature of a refrigerant directly or indirectly via piping.
- the hot water supply circuit 20 is configured by connecting a tank 21 for storing water and a water flow path 12 b of the first heat exchanger 12 by a water circulation pipe 25.
- the water circulation pipe 25 is provided with a pump 22 for sending water, and the water is circulated in the hot water supply circuit 20 by operating the pump 22.
- One end of the water circulation pipe 25 is connected to the lower part of the tank 21, and the other end of the water circulation pipe 25 is connected to the upper part of the tank 21, so that the relatively low temperature water in the lower part of the tank 21 is subjected to the first heat exchange.
- the tank 12 is heated and flows into the tank 21 from the upper part of the tank 21.
- a water supply pipe 26 different from the water circulation pipe 25 is connected to the lower part of the tank 21, and water from the water supply source is stored in the tank 21 through the water supply pipe 26.
- a hot water supply pipe 27 different from the water circulation pipe 25 is connected to the upper part of the tank 21, and relatively high-temperature water in the upper part of the tank 21 is supplied to, for example, a bathtub.
- the piping structure which concerns on the water supply to the tank 21 and the tapping from the tank 21 is an example, and this invention is not limited by these piping structures.
- a third sensor 24 that is a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of water flowing out of the first heat exchanger 12 is provided at the outlet of the water flow path 12 b of the first heat exchanger 12.
- Water inlet temperature T wi detected by the second sensor 23 is a temperature of the water before being heated in the first heat exchanger 12, the water outlet temperature T wo detected by the third sensor 24, the first The temperature of the water after being heated by the heat exchanger 12.
- a 2nd sensor and a 3rd sensor are temperature sensors which detect the temperature of water directly or indirectly through piping.
- the heat pump water heater 100 includes an outside air temperature detection device 28 that is a temperature sensor.
- the outside air temperature detection device 28 is installed in a place where the outside air temperature around the heat pump water heater 100 can be measured.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the heat pump water heater according to the first embodiment.
- the heat pump water heater 100 includes a control device 30 that performs overall control, and the control device 30 includes a memory 31.
- the control device 30 receives the output of the first sensor 17, the second sensor 23, the third sensor 24, and the outside air temperature detection device 28, information from the operating means operated by the user, and the like.
- the control device 30 controls the operation of these actuators by issuing commands to the compressor 11, the expansion valve 13, the blower 16, and the pump 22 based on these input information.
- the control device 30 controls the operating state of the compressor 11 so as to adjust the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant to be discharged by controlling the frequency of the drive device of the compressor 11.
- the control device 30 controls the opening degree of the expansion valve 13 so that the refrigerant reaches the target decompression state in the expansion valve 13.
- the control device 30 controls the operating states of the blower 16 and the pump 22.
- the control device 30 is configured by dedicated hardware or a CPU (also referred to as a central processing unit, a central processing device, a processing device, an arithmetic device, a microprocessor, a microcomputer, or a processor) that executes a program stored in the memory 31.
- a CPU also referred to as a central processing unit, a central processing device, a processing device, an arithmetic device, a microprocessor, a microcomputer, or a processor
- control device 30 When the control device 30 is dedicated hardware, the control device 30 may be, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), an FPGA (field-programmable gate array), or a combination thereof. Applicable. Each functional unit realized by the control device 30 may be realized by individual hardware, or each functional unit may be realized by one piece of hardware.
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- FPGA field-programmable gate array
- each function executed by the control device 30 is realized by software, firmware, or a combination of software and firmware.
- Software and firmware are described as programs and stored in the memory 31.
- the CPU implements each function of the control device 30 by reading and executing the program stored in the memory 31.
- the memory 31 is, for example, a nonvolatile or volatile semiconductor memory such as a RAM, a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or an EEPROM.
- control device 30 may be realized by dedicated hardware, and a part may be realized by software or firmware.
- control of the respective actuators is illustrated as being controlled by the control device 30, but the control device 30 does not necessarily have to be physically configured as illustrated. That is, the specific form of distribution and integration of the control device 30 is not limited to the illustrated one, and all or a part thereof is functionally or physically distributed in arbitrary units according to various loads or usage conditions. Alternatively, they can be integrated.
- the outline of the hot water supply operation of the heat pump water heater 100 will be described.
- the frequency-controlled compressor 11 When the frequency-controlled compressor 11 is operated, the compressed refrigerant is discharged from the compressor 11.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows into the refrigerant flow path 12a of the first heat exchanger 12.
- the pump 22 is driven, and the water in the tank 21 flows into the water flow path 12 b of the first heat exchanger 12 through the water circulation pipe 25 by the action of the pump 22.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant passing through the refrigerant flow path 12a and the water passing through the water flow path 12b are heat-exchanged in the first heat exchanger 12, and the refrigerant whose temperature has decreased and the high-temperature water whose temperature has increased respectively.
- the high-temperature water whose temperature has risen in the first heat exchanger 12 flows into the tank 21 through the water circulation pipe 25.
- the refrigerant whose temperature has decreased due to heat exchange with water in the first heat exchanger 12 flows into the expansion valve 13.
- the refrigerant flowing into the expansion valve 13 is depressurized to a state corresponding to the opening degree of the expansion valve 13, and becomes a low-pressure refrigerant and flows into the second heat exchanger 14.
- the refrigerant flowing into the second heat exchanger 14 exchanges heat with the outside air in the process of passing through the second heat exchanger 14, and the temperature rises.
- the operation state of the blower 16 is controlled in order to obtain a desired heat exchange amount between the outside air and the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant whose temperature has risen due to heat exchange with the outside air in the second heat exchanger 14 is sucked into the compressor 11 via the accumulator 15.
- the control device 30 monitors the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure output from the first sensor 17, and temporarily stops the hot water supply operation when the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure exceeds the upper limit value determined at the time of design. It
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart relating to the control of the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump water heater according to the first embodiment.
- the control device 30 determines the drive frequency of the compressor 11 and operates the compressor 11 at the determined drive frequency. Specifically, the control device 30 determines the drive frequency of the compressor 11 based on the outside air temperature T a output from the outside air temperature detector 28 and the water inlet temperature T wi output from the second sensor 23. To do. If the outside air temperature T a is lower than is higher, the driving frequency of the compressor 11 is set high. Further, when the water inlet temperature Twi is low, the drive frequency of the compressor 11 is determined to be higher than when the water inlet temperature Twi is high. For example, previously obtained by test etc.
- correspondence table between a combination and the driving frequency of the compressor 11 with the outside air temperature T a and the water inlet temperature T wi stores the correspondence table in the memory 31, the controller 30 memory
- the drive frequency can be determined based on the correspondence table stored in 31. Instead of determining the driving frequency based on such a correspondence table, the control unit 30 applies a predetermined operation expression the detected outside air temperature T a and the water inlet temperature T wi, the drive frequency May be determined.
- T _t is a target value of the temperature difference between the discharged refrigerant temperature T ro and the target water outlet temperature T wo_t.
- the target water outlet temperature Two_t is set based on a predetermined temperature of water stored in the tank 21. Discharged refrigerant temperature T ro, as the temperature of the water heated by the refrigerant in the first heat exchanger 12 becomes equal to the target water outlet temperature T Wo_t, as higher temperatures only margin allowance with respect to the target water outlet temperature T Wo_t Is set.
- the value for the margin is the target temperature difference ⁇ T_t .
- Target temperature difference [Delta] T _t the value corresponding to the target water outlet temperature T Wo_t is set. For example, it can be stored in advance in the memory 31 a correspondence table between the target water outlet temperature T Wo_t and the target temperature difference [Delta] T _t.
- the control device 30 corrects the target temperature difference ⁇ T_t set in step S2. Specifically, when the water inlet temperature T wi output from the second sensor 23 is the first temperature V 1 , the control device 30 is the second temperature V 2 (where V 1 > V). 2) than, so that the target temperature difference [Delta] T _t is a small value, it corrects the target temperature difference [Delta] T _t. That is, even in the target water outlet temperature T Wo_t the same, depending on the water inlet temperature T wi with different target temperature difference [Delta] T _t, than when the water inlet temperature T wi is large is small, the target temperature difference Let ⁇ T_t be a small value.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a relationship diagram between the water inlet temperature and the target temperature difference of the heat pump water heater according to the first embodiment. 4, as the larger the water inlet temperature T wi target temperature difference [Delta] T _t decreases, shows an example of varying the correction value of the target temperature difference [Delta] T _t stepwise.
- the threshold value of the water inlet temperature T wi advance one determined, when the water inlet temperature T wi exceeds the threshold value, subtracting a predetermined correction value from the target temperature difference [Delta] T _t
- the target temperature difference ⁇ T_t may be corrected.
- FIG. 5 is another example of a relationship diagram between the water inlet temperature and the target temperature difference of the heat pump water heater according to the first embodiment.
- the correction of the target temperature difference [Delta] T _t in addition to the water inlet temperature T wi, may be adjusted to the correction value in accordance with the ambient temperature T a.
- the higher the ambient temperature T a is less heat radiation amount of water in the hot water supply circuit 20. Therefore, when the outside air temperature T a is greater by reducing the target temperature difference [Delta] T _t, it is possible to obtain a desired water outlet temperature T wo.
- the control device 30 determines that the temperature difference ⁇ T between the discharged refrigerant temperature T ro detected by the first sensor 17 and the water outlet temperature T wo detected by the third sensor 24 becomes the target temperature difference ⁇ T_t corrected in step S3.
- the opening degree of the expansion valve 13 is controlled so as to approach.
- Step S4 the pump 22 operates to allow water from the lower portion of the tank 21 to pass through the water flow path 12b of the first heat exchanger 12, and in the process, the water is heated by the refrigerant and heated.
- the water is returned from the upper part of the tank 21 into the tank 21. In this way, the hot water boiled in the tank 21 is stored.
- the rotation speed of the pump 22 is controlled so that the output value of the third sensor 24 becomes the target water outlet temperature Two_t . Since the opening degree of the expansion valve 13 is controlled so that the target temperature difference ⁇ T_t is obtained in step S4, that is, the heating capacity in the heat pump cycle is maintained constant, the water speed is adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of the pump 22. The outlet temperature Two can be ensured.
- step S5 The control device 30 continuously performs the process of step S4 until the boiling is completed.
- the controller 30 determines that the boiling is completed and ends the operation.
- the opening degree of the expansion valve 13 is controlled so that the difference between the temperature difference ⁇ T between the discharge refrigerant temperature Tro and the water outlet temperature Two and the target temperature difference ⁇ T_t becomes small. Is done.
- the value of the target temperature difference ⁇ T_t is set to be smaller when the water inlet temperature T wi is the first temperature than when the second temperature is smaller than the first temperature. Is done. For this reason, when the water inlet temperature T wi is high, the opening degree of the expansion valve 13 is controlled so that the degree of superheat of carbon dioxide, which is a refrigerant, is lower than when the water inlet temperature T wi is low. The amount of liquid refrigerant increases.
- the control device 30 temporarily stops the hot water supply operation when the refrigerant pressure on the high pressure side exceeds the upper limit value determined at the time of design, but according to the present embodiment, an excessive increase in the refrigerant pressure is suppressed.
- the first value of the present invention corresponds to the temperature difference ⁇ T in the present embodiment.
- Embodiment 2 a modified example of the first embodiment will be described.
- the control of the minimum value of the target temperature difference [Delta] T _t corrected explain.
- the present embodiment is realized by adding a configuration to the first embodiment, and the following description will focus on differences from the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of the accumulator according to the second embodiment.
- the piping of the refrigerant circuit 10 is inserted in the upper part and the lower part of the accumulator 15, respectively, the refrigerant flows into the accumulator 15 from the upper pipe, and the gas refrigerant flows out from the lower pipe. It is a configuration. As shown in FIG. 1, the refrigerant flowing out of the accumulator 15 is sucked into the compressor 11.
- the accumulator 15 is provided with a liquid level gauge 19 for detecting the liquid level of the liquid refrigerant in the accumulator 15.
- the liquid level gauge 19 is not particularly limited in its specific configuration as long as it has a function of detecting the liquid level of the liquid refrigerant.
- any type such as a magnet float type, a capacitance type, and an ultrasonic type may be used. Can be used.
- FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the heat pump water heater according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the liquid level gauge 19 is communicably connected to the control device 30, and an output from the liquid level gauge 19 is input to the control device 30.
- Operation control regarding the heating capability of water in the refrigerant circuit 10 of the heat pump water heater 100 is performed in the same manner as that shown in FIG. That is, the target temperature difference [Delta] T _t between the discharge refrigerant temperature Tro and the target water outlet temperature T Wo_t is corrected based on the water inlet temperature T wi. Then, the temperature difference [Delta] T between the detected discharge refrigerant temperature T ro water outlet temperature T wo is, so that the target temperature difference [Delta] T _t the corrected opening degree of the expansion valve 13 is controlled.
- the threshold liquid level in the accumulator 15 by the level gauge 19 Is detected, the downward correction of the target temperature difference ⁇ T_t is not performed. That is, when the level gauge 19 detects a threshold value, the control device 30 maintains the current value of the target temperature difference ⁇ T_t at a current value or a value larger than the current value regardless of the detected value of the water inlet temperature T wi. To do.
- the control device 30 performs the correction to decrease the target temperature difference ⁇ T_t as the water inlet temperature T wi is higher.
- the increase in the pressure of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 can be suppressed.
- the control device 30 does not perform correction for reducing the target temperature difference ⁇ T_t, and therefore, it is possible to prevent an insufficient amount of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 10.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係るヒートポンプ給湯機の回路構成図である。ヒートポンプ給湯機100は、冷媒としての二酸化炭素が循環する冷媒回路10と、給湯回路20とを備える。冷媒回路10と給湯回路20とは、水冷媒熱交換器である第1熱交換器12において熱的に接続されていて、冷媒回路10を循環する冷媒と給湯回路20を循環する水とが第1熱交換器12で熱交換する。
制御装置30は、圧縮機11の駆動周波数を決定し、決定した駆動周波数で圧縮機11を動作させる。具体的には、制御装置30は、外気温度検出装置28から出力される外気温度Ta、及び第2センサ23から出力される水入口温度Twiに基づいて、圧縮機11の駆動周波数を決定する。外気温度Taが低い場合には高い場合に比べて、圧縮機11の駆動周波数は高く設定される。また、水入口温度Twiが低い場合には高い場合に比べて、圧縮機11の駆動周波数は高く決定される。例えば、外気温度Taと水入口温度Twiとの組み合わせと圧縮機11の駆動周波数との対応表を予め試験等により求め、その対応表をメモリ31に記憶しておき、制御装置30はメモリ31に記憶された対応表に基づいて駆動周波数を決定することができる。そのような対応表に基づいて駆動周波数を決定することに代えて、制御装置30は、検出された外気温度Taと水入口温度Twiを予め定められた演算式に適用して、駆動周波数を決定してもよい。
制御装置30は、吐出冷媒温度Troと目標水出口温度Two_tとの温度差の目標値である目標温度差ΔT_tを設定する。ここで、目標水出口温度Two_tは、予め定められたタンク21に溜める水の温度に基づいて設定されている。吐出冷媒温度Troは、第1熱交換器12において冷媒によって加熱される水の温度が目標水出口温度Two_tになるように、目標水出口温度Two_tに対して余裕代分だけ高い温度として設定される。その余裕代分の値が、目標温度差ΔT_tである。ステップS2において目標温度差ΔT_tは、目標水出口温度Two_tに応じた値が設定される。例えば、目標水出口温度Two_tと目標温度差ΔT_tとの対応表を予めメモリ31に記憶しておくことができる。
制御装置30は、ステップS2で設定した目標温度差ΔT_tを補正する。具体的には、制御装置30は、第2センサ23から出力される水入口温度Twiが第1温度V1である場合には、第2温度V2である場合(ただし、V1>V2)よりも、目標温度差ΔT_tが小さな値になるように、目標温度差ΔT_tを補正する。すなわち、目標水出口温度Two_tが同じであっても、水入口温度Twiに応じて目標温度差ΔT_tを異ならせ、水入口温度Twiが大きい場合には小さい場合よりも、目標温度差ΔT_tを小さな値とする。
制御装置30は、第1センサ17で検出される吐出冷媒温度Troと第3センサ24で検出される水出口温度Twoとの温度差ΔTが、ステップS3で補正した目標温度差ΔT_tに近づくように、膨張弁13の開度を制御する。
制御装置30は、沸き上げ完了までステップS4の処理を継続的に行い、タンク21内に目標温度の湯が定められた量だけ溜まると、沸き上げ完了と判断して運転を終了する。
本実施の形態では、前述の実施の形態1の変形例を説明する。前述の実施の形態1では、水入口温度Twiに基づいて目標温度差ΔT_tを補正することを説明したが、本実施の形態では、補正後の目標温度差ΔT_tの最小値の制御について説明する。本実施の形態は、実施の形態1に構成を追加することで実現するものであり、以下では実施の形態1との相違点を中心に説明する。
Claims (3)
- 二酸化炭素が循環する冷媒回路と給湯回路とを有し、前記給湯回路を流れる水と前記冷媒回路を流れる前記二酸化炭素とが第1熱交換器で熱交換するヒートポンプ給湯機であって、
前記冷媒回路は、圧縮機、前記第1熱交換器の冷媒流路、膨張弁、及び第2熱交換器を有し、
前記給湯回路は、前記第1熱交換器の水流路及びタンクを有し、
前記ヒートポンプ給湯機は、
前記圧縮機から吐出される前記二酸化炭素の温度を検出する第1センサと、
前記第1熱交換器の前記水流路に流入する水の温度を検出する第2センサと、
前記第1熱交換器の前記水流路から流出した水の温度を検出する第3センサとを備え、
前記膨張弁は、第1の値と目標値との差が減るように開度が設定され、前記第1の値は、前記第3センサの検出値と前記第1センサの検出値との差であり、前記目標値は、前記第2センサの検出値が第1温度である場合には、前記第1温度よりも小さい第2温度である場合よりも、小さい値である
ヒートポンプ給湯機。 - 前記目標値は、外気温度が高い場合には低い場合に比べて、小さな値である
請求項1記載のヒートポンプ給湯機。 - 前記冷媒回路の前記第2熱交換器の下流側かつ前記圧縮機の上流側に設けられたアキュムレータと、
前記アキュムレータ内の二酸化炭素の液面を検出する液面計と、
前記目標値を、前記第2センサの検出値が大きい場合は小さい場合に比べて、小さな値となるように補正する制御装置とを備え、
前記制御装置は、前記液面計の検出値が閾値を超えた状態では、前記第2センサの検出値にかかわらず、前記目標値を小さな値とする補正を行わない
請求項1または請求項2に記載のヒートポンプ給湯機。
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