WO2017038060A1 - アーク溶接方法およびアーク溶接装置 - Google Patents
アーク溶接方法およびアーク溶接装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017038060A1 WO2017038060A1 PCT/JP2016/003872 JP2016003872W WO2017038060A1 WO 2017038060 A1 WO2017038060 A1 WO 2017038060A1 JP 2016003872 W JP2016003872 W JP 2016003872W WO 2017038060 A1 WO2017038060 A1 WO 2017038060A1
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- welding
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 826
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 224
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/06—Arrangements or circuits for starting the arc, e.g. by generating ignition voltage, or for stabilising the arc
- B23K9/073—Stabilising the arc
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/06—Arrangements or circuits for starting the arc, e.g. by generating ignition voltage, or for stabilising the arc
- B23K9/073—Stabilising the arc
- B23K9/0732—Stabilising of the arc current
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/09—Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
- B23K9/124—Circuits or methods for feeding welding wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an arc welding method and an arc welding apparatus for performing arc welding while feeding a welding wire as a consumable electrode.
- spatter In recent years, the demand for higher quality welding and improved production efficiency has been increasing in the welding industry in order to improve productivity. Among these, reduction of spatter and higher welding speed are important items in the market demand. As the generation of spatter increases, the spatter often adheres to the base material to be welded. If spatter adheres to the base material, post-treatment is required to remove the adhering spatter, and welding productivity is reduced. Further, if the post-treatment is not performed and the spatter may flow out as a product in a state where it adheres to the base material, the product value is significantly impaired.
- Patent Document 1 discloses hybrid welding in which pulse welding and short-circuit welding are alternately repeated.
- Hybrid welding has the intermediate properties of higher heat input than short circuit welding and lower heat input than pulse welding.
- FIG. 1 shows the welding current in the hybrid welding disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- the vertical axis indicates the welding current
- the horizontal axis indicates time.
- short circuit welding is performed in the short circuit transition period Ta
- pulse welding is performed in the pulse transition period Tb.
- a welding voltage capable of stably performing short-circuit welding at a set feeding speed of the welding wire is preset, and the number of short-circuits (one or more times) is also preset.
- pulse welding the welding wire feeding speed at which the average current of the welding current does not exceed the critical current is preset. The number of pulses (one or more times) is also set in advance.
- the base material is welded by the first welding method.
- the base material is welded by a second welding method.
- the base material is welded by a third welding method.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a welding current of a conventional arc welding method.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the welding current and the welding voltage in arc welding.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of the arc welding apparatus in the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the welding current and the welding voltage in the arc welding method in the embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram showing a relationship between a welding current and a welding voltage in another arc welding method in the embodiment.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram showing a welding current in the hybrid welding in the arc welding method shown in FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a welding current and a welding result in the arc welding method in the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a welding current and a welding result in the arc welding method in the embodiment.
- the short-circuit welding method has less spatter if the welding current region is 200 A or less, but as the welding current increases beyond 200 A. Spatter increases. Particularly, the area between 220A and 300A is a globule region, and large spatter is generated, so that the amount of spatter deposition increases. If welding is performed in a low current region without using a current region where a large amount of spatter is generated, the spatter is low, but it is necessary to reduce the welding speed in order to secure the same wire deposition amount, resulting in longer production time and productivity. Becomes lower.
- the pulse welding method for example, if the region of the welding current of the base material having a thickness of 3.2 mm or more is about 270 A or more, spatter is small, but welding is performed to weld a thin plate having a thickness of less than 2.3 mm. Since pulse welding has a high heat input as the current is made lower than about 200 A, at the welded portion where the base material 22 is welded during welding, for example, the molten metal of the base material is mainly welded to the base material. Burn-out, which is a phenomenon of melting to the opposite side of the wire, occurs. Further, when the welding current is 200 A or less, the directivity of the arc is lowered, arc blow occurs, the occurrence of arc breakage increases, and the increase in spattering is caused, so use of this low current region is not preferable.
- FIG. 2 shows an appropriate welding voltage range 25 with respect to the welding current in short-circuit welding and an appropriate welding voltage range with respect to the welding current in pulse welding when the base material 22 is made of a ferrous metal material mild steel material. 26 is shown.
- the vertical axis indicates the welding voltage
- the horizontal axis indicates the welding current.
- an appropriate welding voltage in short-circuit welding is, for example, 17 to 18V
- an appropriate welding voltage in pulse welding is, for example, 23 to 24V. Pulse welding has higher heat input than short-circuit welding.
- the welding method does not understand the characteristics of the welding method so much, for example, welding with a thin base metal by setting the welding current to a low value while setting to pulse welding or welding with setting to short-circuit welding.
- the current set value is increased to 200 A to 300 A and a thick base material is welded.
- switching the setting of the welding method or the like for each welding location becomes complicated, so that an appropriate welding method is not set for the thickness. Increase or drop of droplets may occur.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an arc welding apparatus 1001 according to the embodiment.
- the arc welding apparatus 1001 generates an arc 21 between a welding wire 19 that is a consumable electrode and a base material 22 that is an object to be welded, so that the base material 22 is at least one of short-circuit welding and pulse welding. It is configured to be welded with.
- the base material 22 is welded by short-circuit welding, pulse welding, or hybrid welding in which pulse welding and short-circuit welding are alternately repeated.
- the arc welding apparatus 1001 includes a primary side rectification unit 2, a switching unit 3, a main transformer 4, a secondary side rectification unit 5, a reactor (DCL) 6, a drive unit 7, a voltage detection unit 8, Current detection unit 9, pulse waveform control unit 10, short-circuit welding control unit 11, hybrid welding control unit 12, welding condition setting unit 14, storage unit 15, feed rate control unit 16, and switching unit 17 , 23, a feeding motor 18, and a chip 20.
- the primary side rectification unit 2 rectifies and outputs the output of the input power supply 1.
- the switching unit 3 controls the welding output including the welding voltage and the welding current by converting the DC output from the primary side rectification unit 2 into AC.
- the main transformer 4 converts the AC voltage output from the switching unit 3.
- the output of the main transformer 4 is output as a welding output via the secondary side rectification unit 5 that rectifies the secondary side output of the main transformer 4 and the reactor 6.
- the voltage detector 8 detects the welding voltage V
- the current detector 9 detects the welding current I.
- the welding condition setting unit 14 sets welding conditions including a welding current I and a welding voltage V.
- the storage unit 15 stores a threshold value, and outputs a welding method, an appropriate control value, and a feeding speed of the welding wire 19 stored in advance based on the output from the welding condition setting unit 14.
- the switching unit 17 outputs a signal for welding output of any one of the short-circuit welding control unit 11, the pulse waveform control unit 10, and the hybrid welding control unit 12.
- the feed rate control unit 16 controls the feed rate of the welding wire 19 according to the set current of the welding current set by the welding condition setting unit 14. The feeding speed and the welding current are correlated with each other.
- the drive unit 7 controls the switching unit 3.
- the drive unit 7, the pulse waveform control unit 10, the short-circuit welding control unit 11, the hybrid welding control unit 12, the welding condition setting unit 14, the storage unit 15, the feeding speed control unit 16, and the switching units 17 and 23 are connected to the switching unit 3.
- a control unit 1001A to be controlled is configured.
- the switching unit 23 includes a short-circuit welding control unit 11 that controls short-circuit welding, a pulse waveform control unit 10 that controls pulse welding, and a hybrid welding control unit 12 that controls hybrid welding. Select one of the feed speed outputs.
- the threshold value stored in the storage unit 15 is a threshold value in welding parameters related to heat input to the base material 22, and is a welding current I, a feeding speed, or a welding voltage V.
- FIG. 4 shows the welding current I and the welding voltage V in the arc welding method in the embodiment.
- the vertical axis represents the welding voltage V
- the horizontal axis represents the welding current I.
- the storage unit 15 stores a threshold value 28.
- the switching unit 17 selects the output of the short circuit welding control unit 11 suitable for the thin base material 22 and performs short circuit welding.
- the switching unit 17 selects the output of the pulse waveform control unit 10 suitable for the thick base material 22 and performs pulse welding.
- the short-circuit welding is switched to the pulse welding to increase the heat input to the base material 22.
- FIG. 5A shows a welding current I and a welding voltage V in another arc welding method in the embodiment.
- the vertical axis represents the welding voltage V
- the horizontal axis represents the welding current I.
- the storage unit 15 (see FIG. 3) stores a threshold value 28 and a threshold value 29 greater than the threshold value 28.
- the switching unit 17 selects the output of the hybrid welding control unit 12 and performs hybrid welding in which short-circuit welding and pulse welding are alternately repeated.
- FIG. 5B shows the welding current I in the hybrid welding by the arc welding method shown in FIG. 5A.
- the vertical axis indicates the welding current I
- the horizontal axis indicates time.
- the control unit 1001A alternately repeats short-circuit welding and pulse welding at the switching cycle Tm.
- the control unit 1001A controls the switching unit 3 so as to weld the base material 22 by short-circuit welding in the period Ts of the switching period Tm, and welds the base material 22 by pulse welding in the period Tp of the switching period Tm.
- the switching unit 3 is controlled.
- the sum of the periods Ts and Tp is the switching period Tm.
- the ratio of the pulse welding period Tp to the switching period Tm is increased.
- the appropriate welding voltage V can be gradually increased, and a rapid change in heat input when the welding current I is changed is suppressed, and short-circuit welding and pulse welding are performed.
- the base material 22 can be stably welded even when the welding current I is changed in a coordinated manner.
- FIGS. 4 and 5A show a welding current I, a welding voltage V, and threshold values 28 and 29 when the base material 22 is made of an iron-based material.
- the thresholds 28 and 29 are the values of the welding current I.
- the threshold values 28 and 29 are welding parameters related to heat input to the base material 22.
- the welding parameter is a welding current I or a welding voltage V or a feeding amount that is a feeding speed of the welding wire 19 or a thickness of the base material 22. That is, the thresholds 28 and 29 are the welding current I or the welding voltage V or the feeding amount that is the feeding speed of the welding wire 19 or the thickness of the base material 22, and the control unit 1001A compares the welding parameters with the thresholds 28 and 29. .
- FIG. 6 shows the values of the welding current I and the welding results of the base material 22 at those values when the base material 22 is made of a mild steel material of an iron-based metal material.
- FIG. 6 shows the welding results when the welding method is changed for each value of the welding current I.
- “G” indicates a good welding result
- “NG” indicates a poor welding result.
- MAG welding Metal active gas Welding
- the welding wire 19 is made of mild steel and has a diameter of ⁇ 1.2.
- the threshold 28 is preferably 180 A or more and 200 A or less
- the threshold 29 is preferably 270 A or more, as shown in FIG. And 290 A or less.
- the welding method is changed to short-circuit welding, hybrid welding, or pulse welding for each value of the welding current I.
- the welding result will be described.
- the arc is stable and spatter is good.
- the base material 22 is welded by hybrid welding that alternately outputs pulse welding and short-circuit welding at a predetermined ratio, the shape of the bead formed by short-circuit welding is good, but since the welding current I is low, short-circuit welding is performed.
- the width of the bead formed by the above becomes narrower than the width of the bead formed by pulse welding, and when switching from short-circuit welding to pulse welding, the arc does not spread and the droplets detach irregularly and spatter increases.
- the welding current I is 180A or more and less than 200A and in the region of 200A where the welding current I is 200A or more and less than 220A, that is, in the region A1 where the welding current I is 180A or more and less than 220A.
- the base material 22 is welded by welding, the arc is stable and spatter is good.
- the base material 22 is welded by hybrid welding, the shape of the bead formed by short circuit welding is favorable.
- the width of the bead formed by the short-circuit welding in the hybrid welding is wide, and is almost the same as the width of the bead formed by the pulse welding.
- both the short-circuit welding and the hybrid welding are good in the region where the welding current I is 180A and the region where the welding current I is 200A.
- the base material 22 is welded by pulse welding instead of hybrid welding in the 180A region and the 200A region, the heat input increases, and depending on the thickness of the base material 22, droplet drops occur.
- the threshold 28 which is a threshold for selecting a welding method, is preferably 180A or more and 200A of 180A or more and less than 220A.
- the burn-off which is a phenomenon of melting from the base material to the opposite side with respect to the welding wire 19, and to weld the base material 22 satisfactorily with less spatter.
- the arc is stabilized but there is much spatter. Further, since heat input is high when the base material 22 is welded by pulse welding, depending on the thickness of the base material 22, the molten metal is welded from the base material to the welding wire 19 in the welded portion where the base material 22 is welded during welding. In some cases, a burn-out, which is a phenomenon of melting to the opposite side, may occur.
- hybrid welding in which pulse welding and short-circuit welding are alternately repeated at a predetermined rate, the width of the beads formed by short-circuit welding is wide and has a cooling effect, so heat input to the base metal is suppressed, so Therefore, the arc spreads and the droplets of the welding wire 19 are regularly separated from the beads formed by pulse welding, so that there is little spatter. Therefore, hybrid welding is good in the region of 250A. Below 250A, the thickness of the base material 22 is preferably less than 3.2 mm, for example.
- the thickness of the base material 22 is preferably 1.6 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less, and in the 150A region or less, the thickness of the base material 22 is preferably less than 1.6 mm.
- the thickness of the base material 22 is 3. Since it is as thick as 2 mm or more and less than 8 mm, even if it is pulse welding, there is no burn-off and it is good. Further, when the base material 22 is welded by short-circuit welding, the arc is stable, but there are many spatters.
- the width of the bead formed by short-circuit welding is wide and has a cooling effect, so it suppresses melting and spreads the bead to expand the arc.
- the droplets of the welding wire 19 are regularly separated from the formed bead, and there is little spatter.
- the base material 22 is welded not by hybrid welding but by pulse welding, it is preferable because there is little spatter and there is no melt-down. Therefore, in the region of 270A and the region of 290A, both hybrid welding and pulse welding are good.
- the thickness of the base material 22 is as thick as 8 mm or more and less than 20 mm. Further, when the base material 22 is welded by short-circuit welding, the arc is stable, but there are many spatters. In hybrid welding in which pulse welding and short-circuit welding are alternately repeated at a predetermined ratio, the welding current I is high, so even in short-circuit welding, the welding wire does not short-circuit, and droplets of the welding wire fall. There is a lot of spatter due to the transition to the base material and the droplets coming off unstable.
- the base material 22 is welded not by hybrid welding but by pulse welding, sufficient heat input can be applied to the thick base material 22 by pulse welding, so that a deep penetration bead can be obtained and spatter is reduced. Good because there is no melting. For this reason, the region of 320A is good in pulse welding. Further, if the base material 22 is thicker, pulse welding can be applied to a welding current region exceeding the region of 320A.
- the threshold 29 for selecting the welding method is a region where the welding current I is 270A to 290A, and is preferably 270A or more and less than 320A.
- FIG. 7 shows the values of the welding current I and the welding results at those values when the base material 22 is made of an aluminum-based material.
- FIG. 7 shows the welding results when the welding method is changed for each value of the welding current I.
- “G” indicates a good welding result
- “NG” indicates an unfavorable welding result.
- MAG welding is performed, and the welding wire 19 is made of hard aluminum and has a diameter of ⁇ 1.2.
- the base material 22 is made of hard aluminum.
- the threshold value 28 is preferably 80 A or more and less than 120 A.
- the threshold 29 is preferably 150 A or more and less than 200 A.
- the welding method is changed to short-circuit welding, hybrid welding, or pulse welding for each value of the welding current I. Describe the welding results.
- the welding method is MIG welding (metal inert gas welding).
- the arc for welding the base material 22 by short-circuit welding is stable and spatter is good.
- the base material 22 is welded by hybrid welding in which pulse welding and short-circuit welding are alternately repeated at a predetermined ratio, the shape of the bead formed by short-circuit welding is good, but because the welding current I is low, it is formed by short-circuit welding.
- the width of the bead is narrower than the width of the bead formed by pulse welding. Accordingly, when switching from short-circuit welding to pulse welding in hybrid welding, the arc does not spread and the droplets are irregularly separated, resulting in an increase in spatter.
- short-circuit welding is more suitable than hybrid welding in the region where the welding current is 60A.
- the base material 22 is welded by pulse welding instead of hybrid welding, the heat input increases, and depending on the thickness of the base material 22, the molten metal is not welded at the welded portion where the base material 22 is welded during welding. There may be a case where the metal material melts down from the base metal to the opposite side of the welding wire 19.
- the arc In the 80A region where the welding current I is 80A or more and less than 100A, and in the 100A region where the welding current I is 100A or more and less than 120A, that is, in the region A1 where the welding current I is 80A or more and less than 120A, the arc is stable.
- the spatter is small and good.
- the base material 22 is welded by hybrid welding in which pulse welding and short-circuit welding are alternately repeated at a predetermined ratio, the arc spreads because the width of the bead formed by short-circuit welding is wide, and the droplets formed by pulse welding are regular. The spattering is small due to separation. For this reason, both the 80A region and the 100A region have good short-circuit welding and hybrid welding. If welding is performed by pulse welding instead of hybrid welding, heat input increases, and melting may occur depending on the thickness of the base material 22.
- the threshold 28 for selecting a welding method is a region where the welding current is from 80 A to 100 A, and is preferably 80 A or more and less than 120 A.
- the threshold value 28 it is possible to prevent the welded portion of the base material 22 from being melted by low heat input at the time of short-circuit welding, and to improve the amount of spatter. I can do it.
- the arc is stable, but there are many spatters.
- the heat input is high, and therefore, melting may occur depending on the thickness of the base material 22.
- the arc spreads because the width of the bead formed by short-circuit welding is wide, and droplets of the welding wire 19 are regularly separated during pulse welding. And less spatter.
- the thickness of the base material 22 is preferably less than 4 mm, for example. Further, in the region of 100A and 80A, the thickness of the base material 22 is preferably 1.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less, and in the region of 60A or less, the thickness of the base material 22 is preferably less than 1.5 mm.
- the thickness of the base material 22 is, for example, 4 mm or more Since the thickness is less than 8 mm, even if pulse welding is used, the welded portion of the base material 22 is not melted down and is good. Further, when the base material 22 is welded by short-circuit welding, the arc is stable, but there are many spatters.
- the width of the bead formed by short-circuit welding is wide and has a cooling effect.
- the arc spreads and the droplets of the welding wire 19 are regularly separated during pulse welding, resulting in less spatter.
- the base material 22 is welded not by hybrid welding but by pulse welding, it is preferable because there is little spatter and there is no melt-down. For this reason, in the region of 150A and the region of 180A, both hybrid welding and pulse welding are good.
- the thickness of the base material 22 becomes thicker, for example, 8 mm or more and less than 20 mm. It is good. Further, when the base material 22 is welded by short-circuit welding, the arc is stable, but there are many spatters. In hybrid welding in which pulse welding and short-circuit welding are alternately repeated at a predetermined ratio, since the welding current I is high, droplets are dropped even in short-circuit welding, and the droplets are unstablely detached and spatter is large. When welding is performed not by hybrid welding but by pulse welding, it is preferable because there is little spatter and there is no melting of the welded portion of the base material 22. For this reason, pulse welding is good in the region of 200A.
- pulse welding can be applied to a welding current region exceeding the region of 200A.
- the threshold 29 for selecting a welding method is a region where the welding current is 150 A and a region where 180 A, and is preferably 150 A or more and less than 200 A.
- short-circuit welding can be selected as the first welding method.
- short-circuit welding is selected as the first welding method
- welding parameter is within the threshold 28 region
- short-circuit welding is selected as the first welding method
- second Any of the hybrid welding can be selected as the welding method.
- hybrid welding or pulse welding as the third welding method is selected as the second welding method.
- the hybrid welding as the second welding method different from the short-circuit welding as the first welding method and the pulse welding as the third welding method is selected.
- the welding parameter is within the threshold 29 range, either hybrid welding as the second welding method or pulse welding can be selected as the third welding method.
- pulse welding is selected as the third welding method.
- the threshold 28 is 180 A or more and less than 220 A when the base material 22 is made of a mild steel material, and is 80 A or more and less than 120 A when the base material 22 is made of an aluminum material.
- the threshold 29 is 270 A or more and less than 320 A when the base material 22 is made of a mild steel material, and is 150 A or more and less than 200 A when the base material 22 is an aluminum material.
- any of at least two welding methods can be selected, in which the thresholds 28 and 29 are given widths, and a plurality of welding methods can be selected within the respective width regions at the thresholds 28 and 29. Thereby, it can be made compatible with at least any welding method before and after the threshold.
- a threshold value 28, in order to expand the tolerance corresponding to various welding wires 19, 29 has a width.
- the regions of thresholds 28 and 29 for selecting the welding method are as follows: As described above, the larger the region where a plurality of welding methods are used, the more gently the change of the welding situation and the effect of stabilizing the welding.
- the threshold value 28 is in a range of 1.6 mm or more and less than 2.3 mm.
- the threshold value 29 is preferably in the range of 3.2 mm or more and less than 8 mm.
- the threshold value 28 is preferably in the range of 1.5 mm or more and less than 3.0 mm, and the threshold value 29 is in the range of 4 mm or more and less than 8 mm. It is preferable to enter.
- the switching unit 23 feeds the welding wire 19 backward during the short-circuit welding.
- the hybrid welding control unit 12 supplies the welding current I, the welding voltage V, or the welding wire 19 with respect to the ratio of the pulse welding period Tp to the switching period Tm, which is the sum of the short-circuit welding period Ts and the pulse welding period Tp.
- the quantity is increased as the welding parameter increases.
- the welding method can be set in accordance with the welding parameters related to the heat input to the base material 22 (the welding current I or the welding voltage V, the feeding speed of the welding wire 19 or the thickness of the base material 22), and low spatter. High-quality welding with high productivity in which the welded portion of the base material 22 is prevented from being melted is possible.
- Table 1 shows selectable welding methods in relation to the welding parameter Pw and the thresholds 28 and 29.
- the first welding method is short-circuit welding
- the second welding method is hybrid welding in which pulse welding and short-circuit welding are alternately repeated at a predetermined ratio
- the third welding method is pulse welding.
- the base material 22 when the welding parameter Pw, which is the welding current I, is less than the threshold value 28, the base material 22 is welded by short-circuit welding as the first welding method.
- the welding parameter Pw is equal to the threshold value 28
- the base material 22 is welded in one of short-circuit welding as the first welding method and hybrid welding as the second welding method.
- the welding parameter Pw is larger than the threshold 28 and less than the threshold 29
- the base material 22 is welded by hybrid welding as the second welding method.
- the base material 22 is welded in one of the hybrid welding as the second welding method and the pulse welding as the third welding method.
- the base material 22 is welded by pulse welding as a third welding method.
- both short-circuit welding as the first welding method and hybrid welding as the second welding method can be selected.
- the welding parameter when the welding parameter is larger than the threshold value 28, one of hybrid welding and pulse welding as the third welding method is selected as the second welding method.
- the welding parameter is between the threshold value 28 and the threshold value 29
- the hybrid welding as the second welding method different from the short-circuit welding as the first welding method and the pulse welding as the third welding method is selected.
- both hybrid welding as the second welding method and pulse welding as the third welding method can be selected.
- the base material 22 is welded by the first welding method.
- the base material 22 is welded by one of the first welding method and the second welding method.
- the base material 22 is welded by the second welding method.
- the base material 22 is welded by one of the second welding method and the third welding method.
- the welding parameter is larger than the threshold value 29, the base material 22 is welded by the third welding method.
- the threshold value 28 can take a value in the area A1.
- the base material 22 can be welded by either the first welding method or the second welding method.
- the threshold value 29 can take a value in the area A2.
- the base material 22 can be welded by either the second welding method or the third welding method.
- the first welding method may be short-circuit welding, and the third welding method may be pulse welding.
- the welding parameter is one of the welding current I, the welding voltage V, the feeding speed of the welding wire 19, and the thickness of the base material 22.
- the first welding method may be short-circuit welding
- the third welding method may be pulse welding.
- the second welding method is hybrid welding in which short-circuit welding and pulse welding are alternately repeated at a switching cycle Tm.
- the welding parameter is less than the threshold value 29 and greater than the threshold value 28
- the base material 22 may be welded by changing the ratio according to the welding current I or the welding voltage V.
- the base material is increased by increasing the ratio of the period Tp during which the base material 22 is welded by pulse welding to the switching period Tm as the welding current I or the welding voltage V increases. 22 may be welded.
- the forward feeding for feeding the welding wire 19 toward the base material 22 and the backward feeding for feeding the welding wire 19 so as to move the welding wire 19 away from the base material are alternately performed.
- the base material 22 may be welded by the first welding method while repeating the above.
- the base material 22 may be welded by the second welding method while alternately repeating forward feeding and backward feeding.
- the welding parameter may be a welding current I, and the base material 22 may be made of a mild steel material.
- the threshold value 28 is 180A or more and less than 220A, and the threshold value 29 is 270A or more and less than 320A.
- the welding parameter may be a welding current I, and the base material 22 may be made of an aluminum-based material.
- the threshold value 28 is 80 A or more and less than 120 A, and the threshold value 29 is 150 A or more and less than 200 A.
- the arc welding apparatus 1001 welds the base material 22 using the welding wire 19.
- the arc welding apparatus 1001 includes a switching unit 3 that controls the welding current I and the welding voltage V, a current detection unit 9 that detects the welding current I, a voltage detection unit 8 that detects the welding voltage V, and a welding wire 19.
- a feeding motor 18 that feeds at a feeding speed and a control unit 1001A that controls the switching unit 3 are provided.
- the control unit 1001A is configured to control the switching unit 3 so as to weld the base material 22 by the first welding method when the welding parameter, which is the welding current I or the feeding speed, is less than the threshold value 28.
- the control unit 1001A is configured to control the switching unit 3 so as to weld the base material 22 in one of the first welding method and the second welding method when the welding parameter is equal to the threshold value 28. .
- the control unit 1001A is configured to control the switching unit 3 so that the base material 22 is welded by the second welding method when the welding parameter is less than the threshold value 29 and greater than the threshold value 28.
- the control unit 1001A is configured to control the switching unit 3 to weld the base material 22 in one of the second welding method and the third welding method when the welding parameter is equal to the threshold value 29.
- the control unit 1001A is configured to control the switching unit 3 to weld the base material 22 by the third welding method when the welding parameter is larger than the threshold value 29.
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Abstract
Description
図3は実施の形態におけるアーク溶接装置1001の概略構成図である。アーク溶接装置1001は、消耗電極である溶接ワイヤ19と溶接対象物である母材22との間でアーク21を発生させることにより母材22を短絡溶接とパルス溶接とのうちの少なくともいずれか一方で溶接するように構成されている。言い換えると、短絡溶接、パルス溶接、または、パルス溶接と短絡溶接を交互に繰り返す混成溶接で母材22を溶接するように構成されている。
2 一次側整流部
3 スイッチング部
4 主変圧器
5 二次側整流部
6 リアクトル
7 駆動部
8 電圧検出部
9 電流検出部
10 パルス波形制御部
11 短絡溶接制御部
12 混成溶接制御部
14 溶接条件設定部
15 記憶部
16 ワイヤ送給速度制御部
17 切替え部
18 送給モータ
19 溶接ワイヤ
20 チップ
21 アーク
22 母材
23 切替え部
28 閾値(第1の閾値)
29 閾値(第2の閾値)
1001 アーク溶接装置
1001A 制御部
Tm 切替え周期
Claims (16)
- 母材への入熱に関係する溶接パラメータが第1の閾値未満の場合に第1の溶接法で前記母材を溶接するステップと、
前記溶接パラメータが第1の閾値と等しい場合に前記第1の溶接法と第2の溶接法とのうちの一方で前記母材を溶接するステップと、
前記溶接パラメータが第2の閾値未満でかつ前記第1の閾値より大きい場合に前記第2の溶接法で前記母材を溶接するステップと、
前記溶接パラメータが第2の閾値と等しい場合に前記第2の溶接法と第3の溶接法とのうちの一方で前記母材を溶接するステップと、
前記溶接パラメータが前記第2の閾値より大きい場合に前記第3の溶接法で前記母材を溶接するステップと、
を含むアーク溶接方法。 - 前記第1の閾値は第1の領域内の値を取ることができ、
前記溶接パラメータが前記第1の領域内にある場合には前記母材は前記第1の溶接法と前記第2の溶接法とのいずれでも溶接することができ、
前記第2の閾値は第2の領域内の値を取ることができ、
前記溶接パラメータが前記第2の領域内にある場合には前記母材は前記第2の溶接法と前記第3の溶接法とのいずれでも溶接することができる、請求項1に記載のアーク溶接方法。 - 前記第1の溶接法は短絡溶接であり、
前記第3の溶接法はパルス溶接である、請求項1または2に記載のアーク溶接方法。 - 前記溶接パラメータは溶接電流と、溶接電圧と、溶接ワイヤのワイヤ送給速度と、前記母材の厚みとのうちの1つである、請求項1または2に記載のアーク溶接方法。
- 前記第1の溶接法は短絡溶接であり、
前記第3の溶接法はパルス溶接であり、
前記第2の溶接法は短絡溶接とパルス溶接とを切替え周期で交互に繰り返す混成溶接であり、
前記溶接パラメータが前記第2の閾値未満でかつ前記第1の閾値より大きい場合に前記第2の溶接法で前記母材を溶接する前記ステップは、前記溶接パラメータが前記第2の閾値未満でかつ前記第1の閾値より大きい場合に前記切替え周期のうちの前記短絡溶接で前記母材を溶接する期間と前記切替え周期のうちの前記パルス溶接で前記母材を溶接する期間との割合を溶接電流あるいは溶接電圧に応じて変更して前記母材を溶接するステップを含む、請求項1または2に記載のアーク溶接方法。 - 前記溶接パラメータが前記第2の閾値未満でかつ前記第1の閾値より大きい場合に前記切替え周期のうちの前記短絡溶接で前記母材を溶接する前記期間と前記パルス溶接で前記母材を溶接する前記期間との割合を前記溶接電流あるいは前記溶接電圧に応じて変更して前記第2の溶接法で前記母材を溶接するステップは、前記溶接パラメータが前記第2の閾値未満でかつ前記第1の閾値より大きい場合に前記パルス溶接で前記母材を溶接する前記期間の前記切替え周期に対する割合を前記溶接電流あるいは前記溶接電圧が大きくなるに応じて増加させて前記母材を溶接するステップを含む、請求項5に記載のアーク溶接方法。
- 前記溶接パラメータが前記第1の閾値未満の場合に前記第1の溶接法で前記母材を溶接するステップは、前記溶接パラメータが前記第1の閾値未満の場合に溶接ワイヤを前記母材に向かって送給する前進送給と前記溶接ワイヤを前記母材から遠ざかるように前記溶接ワイヤを送給する後進送給とを交互に繰り返しながら前記第1の溶接法で前記母材を溶接するステップを含み、
前記溶接パラメータが前記第2の閾値未満でかつ前記第1の閾値より大きい場合に前記第2の溶接法で前記母材を溶接する前記ステップは、前記溶接パラメータが前記第2の閾値未満でかつ前記第1の閾値より大きい場合に前記前進送給と前記後進送給とを交互に繰り返しながら前記第2の溶接法で前記母材を溶接するステップを含む、請求項5に記載のアーク溶接方法。 - 前記溶接パラメータは溶接電流であり、
前記母材は軟鋼材系材料よりなり、
前記第1の閾値は180A以上かつ220A未満であり、
前記第2の閾値は270A以上かつ320A未満である、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のアーク溶接方法。 - 前記溶接パラメータは溶接電流であり、
前記母材はアルミ系材料よりなり、
前記第1の閾値は80A以上かつ120A未満であり、
前記第2の閾値は150A以上かつ200A未満である、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のアーク溶接方法。 - 溶接ワイヤを用いて母材を溶接するアーク溶接装置であって、
溶接電流と溶接電圧とを制御するスイッチング部と、
前記溶接電流を検出する電流検出部と、
前記溶接電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、
前記溶接ワイヤを送給速度で送給する送給モータと、
前記スイッチング部を制御する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記溶接電流または前記送給速度である溶接パラメータが第1の閾値未満の場合に第1の溶接法で前記母材を溶接し、
前記溶接パラメータが第1の閾値と等しい場合に前記第1の溶接法と第2の溶接法とのうちの一方で前記母材を溶接し、
前記溶接パラメータが第2の閾値未満でかつ前記第1の閾値より大きい場合に前記第2の溶接法で前記母材を溶接し、
前記溶接パラメータが第2の閾値と等しい場合に前記第2の溶接法と第3の溶接法とのうちの一方で前記母材を溶接し、
前記溶接パラメータが前記第2の閾値より大きい場合に前記第3の溶接法で前記母材を溶接する、
ように前記スイッチング部を制御するよう構成されている、アーク溶接装置。 - 前記第1の閾値は第1の領域内の値を取ることができ、
前記溶接パラメータが前記第1の領域内にある場合には前記母材は前記第1の溶接法と前記第2の溶接法とのいずれでも溶接することができ、
前記第2の閾値は第2の領域内の値を取ることができ、
前記溶接パラメータが前記第2の領域内にある場合には前記母材は前記第2の溶接法と前記第3の溶接法とのいずれでも溶接することができる、請求項10に記載のアーク溶接装置。 - 前記母材は軟鋼材系材料よりなり、
前記溶接パラメータは前記溶接電流であり、
前記第1の閾値は180A以上かつ220A未満であり、
前記第2の閾値は270A以上かつ320A未満である、請求項10または11に記載のアーク溶接装置。 - 前記母材はアルミ系材料よりなり、
前記溶接パラメータは前記溶接電流であり、
前記第1の閾値は80A以上かつ120A未満であり、
前記第2の閾値は150A以上かつ200A未満である、請求項10または11に記載のアーク溶接装置。 - 前記第2の溶接法は短絡溶接とパルス溶接とを切替え周期で交互に繰り返す混成溶接であり、
前記制御部は、前記溶接パラメータが前記第2の閾値未満でかつ前記第1の閾値より大きい場合に前記切替え周期のうちの前記短絡溶接で前記母材を溶接する期間と前記切替え周期のうちの前記パルス溶接で前記母材を溶接する期間との割合を溶接電流あるいは溶接電圧に応じて変更して前記混成溶接で前記母材を溶接するように前記スイッチング部を制御するよう構成されている、請求項10に記載のアーク溶接装置。 - 前記第1の溶接法は短絡溶接であり、
前記第3の溶接法はパルス溶接であり、
前記制御部は、
前記溶接パラメータが前記第1の閾値未満の場合に前記溶接ワイヤを前記母材に向かって送給する前進送給と前記溶接ワイヤを前記母材から遠ざかるように前記溶接ワイヤを送給する後進送給とを交互に繰り返しながら短絡溶接で前記母材を溶接し、
前記溶接パラメータが第2の閾値未満でかつ前記第1の閾値より大きい場合に前記前進送給と前記後進送給とを交互に繰り返しながら前記混成溶接で前記母材を溶接する、
ように前記スイッチング部を制御するよう構成されている、請求項14に記載のアーク溶接装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記溶接パラメータが第2の閾値未満でかつ前記第1の閾値より大きい場合に前記パルス溶接で前記母材を溶接する前記期間の前記切替え周期に対する割合を前記溶接電流あるいは前記溶接電圧が大きくなるに応じて増加させて前記混成溶接で前記母材を溶接するように前記スイッチング部を制御するよう構成されている、請求項14または15に記載のアーク溶接装置。
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EP3345710A4 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
CN107921565B (zh) | 2019-10-11 |
EP3345710B1 (en) | 2024-05-15 |
US20180207739A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
CN110524089A (zh) | 2019-12-03 |
CN110524089B (zh) | 2021-09-28 |
JP6754952B2 (ja) | 2020-09-16 |
US20200406385A1 (en) | 2020-12-31 |
JPWO2017038060A1 (ja) | 2018-06-21 |
US10807180B2 (en) | 2020-10-20 |
US12036629B2 (en) | 2024-07-16 |
EP3345710A1 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
CN107921565A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
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