WO2017035924A1

WO2017035924A1 - Device for integrating bag-breaking, screening and drying of household waste

Info

Publication number: WO2017035924A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/092062
Authority: WO
Inventors: 陈庆平; 曹贵华; 曹健; 陈石玉
Original assignee: 湖南普丝环保能源有限公司
Priority date: 2015-08-29
Filing date: 2015-10-16
Publication date: 2017-03-09
Also published as: CN105057316A

Abstract

A device for integrating bag-breaking, screening and drying of household waste comprises a screening drum, a power unit and a support device. The screening drum is mounted on the support device, has a discharging end tilted downward by a certain angle, and is provided with power gears (9) on an outer circumferential surface thereof. The power gears (9) are connected to the power unit. The discharging end of the screening drum is connected to a gasification furnace (16) via a burner (15). An internal cavity of the screening drum is sequentially divided into a first bag-breaking region (2), a first screening section (6), a second bag-breaking region (7), a second screening section (8) and a drying region (11) from a feeding end to the discharging end. The first bag-breaking region (2) and second bag-breaking region (7) are provided with n shredding knives (3) on internal walls thereof. Several small circular holes distribute on the drum walls of the first screening section (6) and second screening section (8). The device performs bag-breaking and screening on waste, and utilizes the heat generated by gasification of dry waste for drying waste having a higher humidity, thus enabling actual practicability.

Description

Domestic waste sifting and drying integrated device

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage disposal, in particular to a drum type device which is integrated with the domestic garbage gasification technology and which is used for breaking, sieving and drying the domestic garbage.

Background technique

First, the domestic garbage sorting

Human activities will inevitably produce garbage, and the treatment of domestic garbage has become a social problem. An important part of the domestic waste treatment project is the pretreatment of garbage, mainly the sorting and drying of garbage.

Domestic garbage sorting is the separation of materials that can be recycled or used in the process of subsequent disposal. It is one of the important links and important operations in the garbage disposal project. Domestic garbage should be considered for technical, practical and economical while sorting and drying.

At present, there are three main types of domestic waste sorting processes:

The first method is to perform manual primary selection directly, followed by screening and manual sorting. This is a relatively low-level treatment method that is a relatively simple garbage sorting process in waste treatment plants.

The second method is to first break the bagged garbage, and then perform screening and manual sorting. This method mainly refers to the garbage disposal of equipment in developed countries such as Europe and America. Foreign domestic garbage is collected in classified bags, while domestic garbage is collected in mixed bags. Therefore, the domestic garbage disposal method is not suitable for China's national conditions.

The third way is to selectively break and sort the bulk materials in the garbage while the bagged garbage is broken, and then perform screening and manual sorting.

Domestic garbage is mainly composed of perishable organic matter, coal ash, silt, pebbles, broken bricks, broken glass, waste plastics, clothing, paper, etc. The garbage has high water content and complex composition, and the structure changes greatly. It is extremely uneven, unlike the domestic garbage in Europe and America (the domestic garbage in Europe and America is generally strictly classified at the source, collected in classified bags).

Second, the principle of domestic garbage gasification and its pretreatment

Nowadays, human waste treatment technology is showing a diversified trend. The treatment of biomass gasification technology for domestic garbage is gradually becoming practical, and its functional prospects for human environmental protection are infinite.

Biomass gasification is the process of converting biomass-forming hydrocarbons into combustible gases containing CO, H ₂ , CH ₄ under certain thermodynamic conditions. In order to provide the thermodynamic conditions of the reaction, the gasification process requires the supply of air or oxygen to cause partial combustion of the feedstock. The difference between the gasification process and the common combustion process is that sufficient oxygen is supplied during the combustion process to fully burn the raw materials, and the purpose is to directly obtain heat. The products after combustion are non-reburnable flue gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapor; gasification process Only the portion of oxygen required for the thermochemical reaction is supplied, and energy is retained as much as possible in the combustible gas obtained after the reaction. The vaporized product is a combustible gas containing CO, H ₂ , CH ₄ and low molecular hydrocarbons. Biomass gasification includes drying, pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction reactions.

The organic components in the garbage are also biomass, so the organic components in the garbage can also be treated by gasification, which is the source of waste gasification technology.

However, before the garbage gasification treatment, the garbage must be properly sorted and dried, and the inorganic materials such as moisture, dust, sand, pebbles, broken bricks, broken glass, and rust in the domestic garbage should be separated and separated as much as possible. For landfill treatment, perishable organic matter can be treated by fermentation.

Considering the complexity of China's garbage composition, aiming at the current situation of mixed packaging and mixed collection of urban domestic garbage in China, from the perspective of gasification treatment, improve the effect and efficiency of domestic waste sorting process, simplify the subsequent processing route, reduce investment and Operating costs are raised before the application of gasification technology.

In response to the requirements of the domestic waste gasification treatment process, it is urgent to develop a special bag breaking, screening and drying equipment suitable for China's national conditions. The equipment is used for bagging and bagging, and then screening and preliminary drying. The sorted garbage containing organic components such as plastics is subjected to appropriate manual sorting, and respectively treated by fermentation technology and gasification technology. This kind of garbage bag breaking, screening and drying machine has not been developed at home and abroad.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a drum type domestic garbage breaking bag, screening and drying integrated equipment, which discharges organic matter and inorganic matter in domestic garbage from different discharge ports to achieve the purpose of garbage sorting and drying.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a domestic waste sifting and drying integrated device, which comprises a screening drum, a power device and a supporting device, wherein the screening drum is mounted on the supporting device and installed The discharge end of the rear screening drum is inclined downward by a certain angle, and the inclination angle with the horizontal plane is α, 3° ≤ α ≤ 10°; the outer peripheral surface of the screening drum body is provided with a power gear, a power gear and a power device Connecting; the discharge end of the screening drum is connected to the gasifier through a burner; the higher end of the screening drum is a feeding end, the end is provided with a feeding hopper, and the inner chamber of the screening drum is from the feeding end The discharge end is divided into a first broken bag area, a first screening section, a second broken bag area, a second screening section, and a drying zone; wherein, the first broken bag area and the second broken bag area are on the wall Install n broken knives with the same vertical skew angle, 3≤n≤20, broken knives 50-150mm high, 30-100mm wide, the cutting edge is curved, and has a certain degree of skewness, the blade The skew angle is the same as the tilt angle α of the drum, and the cutting edge faces the direction of the garbage rolling; the first screen segment and the first Screen section cylinder wall distributed plurality of small circular holes, the hole diameter of the first screen section is d1,

The diameter of the small hole of the second sieve section is d2, d2>d1,

The outer peripheral surface of the screening drum is provided with a plurality of radial reinforcing hoops; the bottom of the discharging end of the screening drum is provided with a discharging port, and the end of the discharging end is provided with a temperature controlling plate and a temperature regulating plate is fixed at the end of the discharging end, and the outer side thereof The utility model is connected to the burner through a conical cylinder; a plurality of temperature control holes are arranged on the surface of the temperature control plate.

The supporting device comprises a front support frame at the feeding end of the screening drum and a rear support frame at the discharge end of the screening drum The front support frame and the rear support frame are all provided with support wheels, and the inlet and discharge ends of the screening drum are respectively placed on the corresponding support wheels.

The power unit is a power motor.

The screening drum is driven by a power gear, a speed reducer and a power motor, and the speed of the screening drum is m, 3≤m≤24.

In the domestic waste gasification treatment process, the purpose of pretreatment is to achieve the technical classification of waste, to improve the utilization of various resources as much as possible, and to provide suitable material status for the subsequent processing of various materials. The working principle of the household garbage breaking bag and screening equipment of this scheme is: when the bagged domestic garbage enters the drum from the feeding port, the water and ash in the garbage are broken after the bag breaking knife in the broken bag area is broken for the first time. Smaller inorganic components such as granules, pebbles and broken glass are screened out in the first sieve section; and the bag-breaking knives in the sieve segment connection zone are used to break the partially unbroken garbage again, which is bulky. The inorganic matter is sieved out in the second sieve section, and the organic matter continues to advance in the drum, and is discharged after being properly dried by the biomass gasification and combustion device.

Garbage gasification has higher requirements on the humidity of the material. It can be said that the dryer the material, the better the gasification effect. Drying means that a certain amount of heat energy is transferred to the moisture contained in the material per unit time. These wet fractions are heated and vaporized, separated from the materials, and the materials that lose moisture are collected, and the vaporized moisture is discharged into the atmosphere. It is the process of drying.

The material consumes more energy for drying, and the heating method for material drying is divided into direct drying and indirect drying. Drying is done by heat. The heat is usually generated by the combustion of the material. The heat generated by the combustion is present in the hot gas. There are two types of heat utilization:

1 direct use: direct high-temperature hot gas into the dryer, through the contact of gas and wet materials, convection heat exchange. This approach is characterized by high efficiency of heat utilization.

2 Indirect use: The heat of the hot gas is passed through a heat exchanger and transmitted to a certain medium, such as the drum wall, to heat the wet material in the drum through the wall of the drum. In this way, the hot gas is not in contact with the dried wet material, and the heat is partially utilized. Indirect use has more heat loss, generally between 30-70%.

For waste drying, direct or indirect heating has different thermal efficiency losses. In the direct heating form, the heat source exhaust gas directly becomes a medium, and its thermal efficiency is close to the combustion efficiency itself.

The biomass gas produced by combustion of biomass gasifier is above 200 °C. This is a high-temperature fluid that transfers heat from the heat generated by combustion to the waste with high water content. Generally, the thermal efficiency of gas hot gas Between 70% and 90%.

The main body of the drying device of the present embodiment is a cylindrical body which is slightly inclined and can be rotated. During the drying process, the wet material moves from the higher end to the lower end by the gravity and the lifting plate by the slow rotation of the cylinder, and the wet material is in effective contact with the hot air or the heated wall in the cylinder. The dried, dried material is discharged from the lower end of the rear end. Generally, the drum is equipped with a lifting plate, so that the material is continuously picked up and sprinkled during the rotation process of the cylinder to make it fully contact with the hot air flow to improve the drying efficiency and move the wet material forward.

In summary, the present invention is an equipment matched with the domestic garbage gasification treatment technology, which breaks the bag and sieves the garbage. And using the heat generated by the original dry garbage gasification to dry the garbage with high humidity, this integrated equipment has practical significance.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a schematic view of the process flow of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the inclination angle of the screening drum of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the movement direction of the screening drum of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 5, the domestic waste sifting and drying integrated device according to the embodiment includes a screening roller and a power. The device and the supporting device, wherein the screening roller is mounted on the supporting device, the supporting device is composed of a front supporting frame 4 at the feeding end of the screening roller and a rear supporting frame 12 at the discharging end of the screening roller, the front supporting frame 4 and the rear Supporting frame 12 is provided with supporting wheels, and the feeding and discharging ends of the screening drum are respectively placed on the corresponding supporting wheels; the discharging end of the screening drum after installation is inclined downward by a certain angle, and the inclination angle with the horizontal plane is α, 3° ≤ α ≤ 10°; a power gear 9 is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the screening drum body, and the power gear 9 is connected with the power device; the power device of the present scheme is the power motor 10, and the screening roller is driven by the power gear 9, The speed reducer and the power motor 10 drive, and the speed of the screening drum is m, 3 ≤ m ≤ 24. The discharge end of the screening drum is connected to the gasifier 16 through a burner 15; the higher end of the screening drum is a feeding end, and the end is provided with a feeding hopper 1 and the inner chamber of the screening drum is fed from the feeding The end to the discharge end are sequentially divided into a first bag breaking zone 2, a first screen segment 6, a second bag breaking zone 7, a second screen segment 8, and a drying zone 11; wherein, the first bag breaking zone 2 and The inner wall of the second bag-breaking area 7 is provided with n vertical broken knives 3, 3 ≤ n ≤ 20, and the broken knives 3 are 50-150 mm high and 30-100 mm wide, and the cutting edge is curved. And there is a certain degree of skewness, the skew angle of the blade is the same as the inclination angle α of the drum, and the cutting edge faces the direction of the garbage rolling; the inner surface of the screen cylinder is alternately installed in the axial direction and the circumferential direction to install a special arc-shaped bag cutter And lifting board. The bag-breaking knife is installed in the broken bag area, and the lifting plate is installed in the drying zone of the rear section, and is made of plate with high strength and hardness, and both are radial radiant installation. The lifting plate is combined with the spinning cylinder to rotate the animal material to facilitate the drying of the material. a plurality of small circular holes are distributed on the wall of the first sieve segment 6 and the second sieve segment 8 , and the diameter of the small hole of the first sieve segment 6 is d1.

It is used to screen inorganic lime soil, pebbles, broken bricks, broken glass, etc.; the diameter of the small hole of the second sieve segment 8 is d2, d2>d1,

Used to screen for perishable organics and coarser inorganics. It is also possible to add one or more sieve sections having larger sieve openings as needed. After the raw garbage is sent into the sieve drum, the rotation of the sieve cylinder moves forward and breaks the bag inside the sieve cylinder and the screening is carried out immediately. The dust, crushed sand, broken glass and porcelain fragments scattered in the garbage are mainly used. The inorganic material is subjected to the screening process by the first screen section. After the first sieve segmentation, the garbage reduction is obvious, and some of the garbage will not be broken, and will be further broken in the second broken bag area. With the completion of the second bag breaking process, the material enters the second sieve section and continues to be screened. The second sieve section of the sieved material is a perishable organic substance mainly composed of kitchen waste and a part of coarse inorganic matter. . It is also possible to increase the size of the sieve section with a larger aperture as needed. The outer peripheral surface of the screening drum is provided with a plurality of radial reinforcing hoops 5; the bottom of the discharging end of the screening drum is provided with a discharging port 14, the end of the discharging end is provided with a temperature controlling plate 13, and the temperature regulating plate 13 is fixed at the discharging end The outer portion is connected to the burner 15 through a conical cylinder; the temperature control plate 13 is provided with a plurality of temperature control holes. Preventing the flame of the burner from directly spraying on the garbage, the experiment shows that the hot air temperature entering the drying cylinder through the small hole of the temperature control plate is generally about 85 °C, which is good for the drying of the garbage.

The processing technology of the above device is:

1) Prepare the gasification material first, and place it in the gasifier and press it properly.

2) Turn on the flue gas to help the burning function, put the electronic ignition rod into the gasifier to ignite the material, and the generated flue gas is introduced into the combustion-assisting device to help burn it.

3) After the gasification process is normal, the flue gas assisting function is turned off, and the gasification combustion device is pushed together to the heat energy inlet of the drying zone at the rear end of the drum. Pay attention to adjusting the amount of secondary air intake of the burner. The oxygen supply is about 110% of the actual demand, which is peroxygen combustion to reduce secondary pollution caused by gas combustion. Turn on the rotating motor of the rotating cylinder dryer to rotate the cylinder.

4) After the gasifier is used for 5 minutes, the rotary cylinder dryer is basically preheated, and the wet material is continuously and uniformly placed from the feeding device, and the finished product is discharged from the discharge port at the rear end.

5) Stop the garbage bag breaking, screening and drying work, stop the feeding first, and then stop the use of the gasifier.

6) The normal ash generated by the gasification process can be directly sprinkled into the land. If the heavy metal of the ash residue exceeds the standard, it is treated with sanitary landfill or cement.

The integrated machine of this program is aimed at the current status of domestic garbage of Chinese residents, and it is of great help to the garbage gasification treatment.

The integrated bag breaking, screening and drying equipment has a simple structure, convenient manufacturing and maintenance, strong adjustment ability, suitable for different processing scales, and is advantageous for popularization and application.

The sieve cylinder of the scheme has large diameter, low rotation speed, stable operation and low noise. It integrates bag breaking, crushing, sieving and drying into one, adapts to high water content garbage, has high screening efficiency, obvious screening effect, and simplifies the pretreatment process route.

For example. For the centralized pretreatment of domestic garbage at the township, town and village level, the main technical parameters of the bag breaking, screening and drying integrated device are as follows: treatment scale 3t/h: sieve cylinder length 8m, diameter Φ1000mm, quality 1t; screen cylinder speed 6r / min or so (frequency control); screen hole diameter Φ22mm (first screen segment), Φ70mm (second screen segment); installation tilt angle 5 °; sieve cylinder motor power 5KW; noise ≤ 80dB; Screening efficiency Φ70mm sieve pass rate ≥80% (refers to perishable organic matter and coarse inorganic matter), Φ22mm sieve hole pass rate ≥70% (referring to inorganic matter); bag breaking efficiency ≥90%. The material of the first sieve section accounts for about 30% of the total mass of the material, the material of the second sieve section accounts for about 15%, the material of the sieved material accounts for about 50%, and some of the water evaporates, and the whole is close to the garbage component. .

Claims

The utility model relates to a domestic waste sifting and drying integrated device, which is characterized in that it comprises a screening roller, a power device and a supporting device, wherein the screening roller is mounted on the supporting device, and the discharging end of the screening roller after installation is downward Tilting at a certain angle, the inclination angle with the horizontal plane is α, 3° ≤ α ≤ 10°; the outer peripheral surface of the screening drum body is provided with a power gear (9), and the power gear (9) is connected with the power device; The discharge end of the drum is connected to the gasifier (16) through a burner (15); the higher end of the sieve drum is a feed end, and the end is provided with a feed hopper (1), which is inside the sieve drum The cavity is divided into a first broken bag area (2), a first screening section (6), a second broken bag section (7), a second screening section (8), and drying from the feeding end to the discharging end. Zone (11); wherein, the inner wall of the first bag breaking zone (2) and the second bag breaking zone (7) are provided with n vertical knives (3) having the same skew angle, 3 ≤ n ≤ 20, The broken knife (3) is 50-150mm high and 30-100mm wide. The cutting edge is curved and has a certain degree of skewness. The skew angle of the blade is the same as the tilt angle α of the drum, and the cutting edge meets the garbage rolling. Direction; first screen segment (6) and Two screen section (8) with a cylinder wall a number of small circular profile, a first sieving section (6) The pore diameter is d1,
The diameter of the small hole of the second sieve section (8) is d2, d2>d1,
The outer peripheral surface of the screening drum is provided with a plurality of radial reinforcing hoops (5); the bottom of the discharging end of the screening drum is provided with a discharging port (14), and the end of the discharging end is provided with a temperature controlling plate (13), and the temperature controlling plate (13) fixed at the end of the discharge end, the outer side of which is connected to the burner (15) through a conical cylinder; the temperature control plate (13) is provided with a plurality of temperature control holes on the surface.
A domestic waste screen-drying integrated device according to claim 1, wherein the supporting device comprises a front support frame (4) at the feeding end of the screening drum and a rear support frame at the discharge end of the screening drum ( 12) The front support frame (4) and the rear support frame (12) are respectively provided with support wheels, and the inlet and discharge ends of the screening drum are respectively placed on the corresponding support wheels.
A domestic waste screen-drying integrated device according to claim 1, wherein the power unit is a power motor (10).
The integrated waste screen drying and drying device according to claim 1, wherein the screening drum is driven by a power gear (9), a speed reducer and a power motor (10), and the speed of the screening drum is m, 3 ≤m≤24.