WO2017033601A1

WO2017033601A1 - Display device and display device adjustment method

Info

Publication number: WO2017033601A1
Application number: PCT/JP2016/070516
Authority: WO
Inventors: 克之阿久津
Original assignee: ソニー株式会社
Priority date: 2015-08-25
Filing date: 2016-07-12
Publication date: 2017-03-02

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to enable a mechanism of a moving device and the like to be made smaller and simplified, and to provide a display device that has a structure which enables a viewer to easily handle changes in the state in which a viewer wears the display device. This display device is provided with a frame and an image display device (100). The image display device (100) is provided with the following: an image forming device (111); a first optical member (141) onto which light from the image forming device (111) is incident; a second optical member (142) that forms the light from the first optical member (141) into an image on an eye (21) of the viewer; and a moving device (41) that causes the optical axis of the image forming device (111) and the optical axis of the first optical member (141) to move relatively in the horizontal direction and/or the vertical direction. The image forming device (111) and the eye (21) of the viewer are in a conjugate relationship, and a two-sided telecentric system is formed by the first optical member (141) and the second optical member (142).

Description

Display device and adjustment method of display device

The present disclosure relates to a display device and a method for adjusting the display device, and more specifically, to a display device used for a head-mounted display (HMD) and a method for adjusting the display device.

A virtual image display device (image display device) for allowing an observer to observe a two-dimensional image formed by an image forming device as an enlarged virtual image using a virtual image optical system is known from, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-042654.

As shown in a conceptual diagram in FIG. 34, the image display device 100 ′ basically receives an image forming device 111 that displays an image, a lens system 157, and light displayed on the image forming device 111. , And optical means 120 ′ for leading to the observer's pupil 21. Here, the optical means 120 ′ includes a light guide plate 121, and a first diffraction grating member 131 ′ and a second diffraction grating member 132 ′ that are formed of a reflective volume hologram diffraction grating provided on the light guide plate 121. Then, light emitted from each pixel of the image forming apparatus 111 is incident on the lens system 157, parallel light is generated by the lens system 157, is incident on the light guide plate 121 from the first surface 122, and is transmitted from the first surface 122. Emitted. A first diffraction grating member 131 ′ and a second diffraction grating member 132 ′ are attached to a second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121 that is parallel to the first surface 122 of the light guide plate 121.

The image forming apparatus 111 includes a light source 151, a collimating optical system 152 that converts the light emitted from the light source 151 into parallel light, and a scanning unit 153 that scans the parallel light emitted from the collimating optical system 152. Note that the entire image forming apparatus 111 is housed in a housing 113 (indicated by a one-dot chain line). The light source 151 includes a light emitting element that emits white light. The light emitted from the light source 151 enters the collimating optical system 152 having a positive optical power as a whole and is emitted as parallel light. Then, the parallel light is reflected by the total reflection mirror 154, the micromirror is rotatable in the two-dimensional direction, and the scanning means 153 including a MEMS mirror that can scan the incident parallel light two-dimensionally is used as a light source. The light from 151 is subjected to horizontal scanning and vertical scanning to form a kind of two-dimensional image.

The image display device disclosed in this patent publication further includes a moving device that relatively moves the optical axis of the image forming device 111 and the optical axis of the lens system 157 in the horizontal direction. The convergence angle is adjusted by relatively moving the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the optical system in the horizontal direction by the moving device.

A direct-drawing type head-mounted display that draws an image directly on an observer's pupil is known from, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-004956.

JP2012-042654 JP 2001-004956 A

By the way, in the actual use of the display device, the state in which the observer wears the display device or the state in which the viewer wears it often changes. That is, the relative positional relationship between the position of the observer's pupil 21 and the second diffraction grating member 132 'changes or is likely to occur. When such a change occurs, there is a problem that an image formed in the image forming apparatus 111 does not properly reach the observer's pupil 21. In particular, assuming a system in which light emitted from the second diffraction grating member 132 ′ is incident on the observer's pupil, the relative positional relationship between the position of the observer's pupil 21 and the second diffraction grating member 132 ′ is obtained. Even if a slight change occurs, the image formed in the image forming apparatus 111 does not properly reach the observer's pupil 21. Further, as the relative movement amount between the optical axis of the image forming apparatus 111 and the optical axis of the optical system 152 is smaller, the mechanism of the moving apparatus or the like can be reduced in size and simplified. In the above patent publication, no mention is made regarding these problems.

Therefore, an object of the present disclosure is to reduce the size and simplification of a mechanism such as a moving device, and to easily cope with a change in a state in which an observer wears (wears) a display device. An object of the present invention is to provide a display device having a configuration and a structure, and a method for adjusting the display device.

In order to achieve the above object, the display device according to the first to third aspects of the present disclosure includes:
(A) a frame attached to the observer's head, and
(B) an image display device attached to the frame;
A display device comprising:
The image display device
(B-1) Image forming apparatus,
(B-2) a first optical member on which light from the image forming apparatus is incident;
(B-3) a second optical member that makes light from the first optical member incident on the pupil of the observer, and
(B-4) a moving device that relatively moves the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
It has.

In the display device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure,
The image forming apparatus and the observer's pupil are in a conjugate relationship,
The first optical member and the second optical member constitute a double telecentric system.

In the display device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, an image emitting unit from which an image is emitted from the image forming apparatus is located at the front focal point of the first optical member having positive optical power, and the positive optical The observer's pupil (more specifically, the crystalline lens) is located at the rear focal point of the second optical member having the desired power, and the front focal point of the second optical member is located at the rear focal point of the first optical member.

Furthermore, in the display device according to the third aspect of the present disclosure,
The image forming apparatus and the observer's pupil are in a conjugate relationship,
The image display device further includes optical means for attaching the second optical member,
The optical means comprises a light guide plate, a first deflecting means disposed on the light guide plate, and a second deflecting means attached to the light guide plate,
The light from the first optical member is deflected by the first deflecting means, propagates through the light guide plate by total reflection, deflected by the second deflecting means, enters the second optical member, and exits from the second optical member. And enters the observer's pupil.

In order to achieve the above object, a method for adjusting a display device according to the present disclosure includes:
(A) a frame attached to the observer's head, and
(B) an image display device attached to the frame;
With
The image display device
(B-1) Image forming apparatus,
(B-2) a first optical member on which light from the image forming apparatus is incident;
(B-3) a second optical member that makes light from the first optical member incident on the pupil of the observer, and
(B-4) a moving device that relatively moves the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
A method for adjusting a display device comprising:
While the image formed by the image forming apparatus is incident on the observer's pupil via the first optical member and the second optical member, the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member are moved by the moving device. By moving, the light intensity of the image incident on the observer's pupil is optimized (specifically, for example, the light intensity of the image incident on the observer's pupil is maximized).

In the display devices according to the first to third aspects of the present disclosure, an image formed by the image forming apparatus is incident on the observer's pupil by the second optical member. In the display device according to the first aspect or the third aspect of the present disclosure, the image forming apparatus and the observer's pupil are in a conjugate relationship. Furthermore, in the display device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first optical member and the second optical member constitute a double-sided telecentric system. On the other hand, in the display device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the position of the image emitting unit, the position of the pupil of the observer, and the positional relationship between the first optical member and the second optical member are the first optical component. It is defined based on the focal length of the member and the focal length of the second optical member. Furthermore, in the display device according to the third aspect of the present disclosure, the light from the first optical member is deflected by the first deflecting unit, propagates inside the light guide plate by total reflection, and is second deflected. The light is deflected by the means, enters the second optical member, exits from the second optical member, and enters the observer's pupil. Therefore, even if the relative movement amount between the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member is small, the relative position change of the pupil position of the second optical member and the observer is the first optical. The value is obtained by multiplying the relative movement amount of the member with the optical axis by the magnification of the conjugate relationship between the image forming apparatus and the pupil of the observer, or the magnification relationship between the focal lengths. The overall mechanism of the display device including the moving device can be reduced in size and simplified. In addition, since the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member can be moved relative to each other by the moving device, the change in the state in which the observer wears (wears) the display device. It can be dealt with easily and reliably. In other words, even when the state in which the observer wears (wears) the display device changes, the image formed by the image forming apparatus can be reliably incident on the pupil of the observer. Further, according to the adjustment method of the display device of the present disclosure, it is possible to optimize the light intensity of the image incident on the observer's pupil by the moving device, so that the image formed by the image forming device is It is possible to reliably and easily enter the pupil. Note that the effects described in the present specification are merely examples and are not limited, and may have additional effects.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an image display apparatus according to the first embodiment. 2A and 2B are conceptual diagrams for explaining the movement between the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the display apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the display device of Example 1 as viewed from above. FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the display device of Example 1 as viewed from the front. 5A and 5B are a schematic view of the display device according to the first embodiment as viewed from the side, and a schematic diagram illustrating an enlarged part of a reflective volume hologram diffraction grating in the display device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5C is a conceptual diagram illustrating an optical system of the image display apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of the image display apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of a modification of the image display device according to the second embodiment. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram of the image display apparatus according to the third embodiment. FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of a modification of the image display device according to the third embodiment. FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of the image display apparatus according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of an image display apparatus according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram of an image display apparatus according to the sixth embodiment. FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram of the image display apparatus according to the seventh embodiment. 14A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the principle liquid lens taken along the arrow AA in FIG. 14B, and FIG. 14B shows the principle liquid lens along the arrow BB in FIG. 14A. 14C is a schematic cross-sectional view when cut, and FIG. 14C is a schematic cross-sectional view when the principle liquid lens is cut along the arrow CC in FIG. 14A. FIGS. 15A, 15B, and 15C are schematic cross-sectional views of the principle liquid lens when cut along the arrow CC in FIG. 14A, and are diagrams for schematically explaining the behavior of the liquid lens. It is. FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view similar to that of the liquid lens in Example 8 cut along the ζξ plane. FIG. 17A, FIG. 17B, and FIG. 17C are schematic cross-sectional views when the liquid lens in Example 8 is cut along the ζη plane, and are diagrams for schematically explaining the behavior of the liquid lens. 18A and 18B are schematic cross-sectional views when the liquid lens in Example 8 is cut along the ζη plane, and are diagrams for schematically explaining the behavior of the liquid lens. FIG. 19 is a conceptual diagram of a liquid prism in the ninth embodiment. FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram of an image display device in the display device according to the tenth embodiment. FIG. 21 is a schematic view of the display device of Example 10 as viewed from above. FIG. 22 is a schematic view of the display device of Example 10 as viewed from the side. FIG. 23 is a conceptual diagram of a modification of the image display device in the display device of the tenth embodiment. FIG. 24 is a conceptual diagram of an image display device in the display device according to the eleventh embodiment. FIG. 25 is a schematic view of the display device of Example 11 as viewed from above. FIG. 26A and FIG. 26B are a schematic view of the display device of Example 11 as viewed from the side, and a schematic view of the optical means and the light control device in the display device of Example 11 as viewed from the front. . 27A and 27B are a schematic cross-sectional view of a light control device in the display device of Example 11, and a schematic front view of the light control device. FIG. 28A, FIG. 28B, and FIG. 28C are diagrams schematically illustrating changes in the virtual image projection area of the light control device. FIG. 29 is a diagram schematically illustrating a virtual rectangle circumscribing a virtual image formed on the optical unit and a rectangular shape of a virtual image projection region of the light control device. 30A and 30B are a schematic diagram of the display device of Example 12 as viewed from above, and a schematic diagram of a circuit that controls the environmental illuminance measurement sensor, respectively. 31A and 31B are a schematic view of the display device of Example 13 as viewed from above, and a schematic diagram of a circuit that controls the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor, respectively. FIG. 32 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a Fresnel lens type liquid lens for making the focal length of the second optical member variable. FIG. 33 is a schematic plan view of a Fresnel lens type liquid lens for making the focal length of the second optical member variable. FIG. 34 is a conceptual diagram of a conventional image display device.

Hereinafter, although this indication is explained based on an example with reference to drawings, this indication is not limited to an example and various numerical values and materials in an example are illustrations. The description will be given in the following order.
1. 1. General description of display devices according to first to third aspects of the present disclosure Example 1 (display device according to first to third aspects of the present disclosure)
3. Example 2 (Modification of Example 1)
4). Example 3 (Modification of Examples 1 and 2)
5). Example 4 (Modification of Examples 1 to 3)
6). Example 5 (another modification of Examples 1 to 3)
7). Example 6 (Modification of Example 5)
8). Example 7 (another modification of Example 1 to Example 3)
9. Example 8 (Modification of Examples 1 to 7)
10. Example 9 (another modification of Example 1 to Example 7)
11. Example 10 (Modification of Examples 1 to 9)
12 Example 11 (Modification of Examples 1 to 10)
13. Example 12 (Modification of Example 11)
14 Example 13 (another modification of Example 11)
15. Other

<Display Device According to First to Third Aspects of Present Disclosure, General Description>
In the display device according to the first aspect or the third aspect of the present disclosure, the image forming apparatus and the pupil of the observer are in a conjugate relationship. That is, when the image forming apparatus is placed at the position of the observer's pupil, an image is formed at the position of the original image forming apparatus. In the display device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first optical member and the second optical member form a double-sided telecentric system. In this case, the entrance pupil of the first optical member is at infinity. The exit pupil of the second optical member is at infinity.

In the display device according to the first aspect to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the image display device may further include an optical unit for attaching the second optical member. And in this case
The optical means comprises a light guide plate, a first deflecting means disposed on the light guide plate, and a second deflecting means attached to the light guide plate,
The light from the first optical member is deflected by the first deflecting means, propagates through the light guide plate by total reflection, deflected by the second deflecting means, enters the second optical member, and exits from the second optical member. It can be configured to be incident on the pupil of the observer. Note that such a display device and the display device according to the third aspect of the present disclosure may be collectively referred to as “a display device or the like according to the third aspect of the present disclosure”. The term “total reflection” means total internal reflection or total reflection inside the light guide plate.

In the display device or the like according to the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first deflecting unit and the second deflecting unit may be formed of a hologram diffraction grating. Furthermore, the second optical member can be configured by a hologram lens. As the first optical member, an optical system having a positive optical power as a whole, which is a single lens or a combination of a convex lens, a concave lens, a free-form surface prism, and a hologram lens, can be exemplified. In the display device according to the first aspect or the third aspect of the present disclosure, in some cases, a stop is disposed at the position of the front focus (focus on the image forming apparatus side) of the first optical member. The two optical members constitute a kind of concave mirror, and the observer's pupil (specifically, the observer's crystalline lens) is located at the position of the back focal point of the second optical member.

In the form in which the first deflecting means and the second deflecting means are configured from a hologram diffraction grating, and the second optical member is configured from a hologram lens,
The light guide plate has a first surface on which light from the first optical member is incident, and a second surface facing the first surface,
The first deflecting means is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate,
The second deflecting means is disposed on the first surface of the light guide plate,
The 2nd optical member can be set as the structure arrange | positioned on the 2nd surface of a light-guide plate. And in this case
A first interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the first deflecting means,
A second interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the second deflection means,
The first interference fringe and the second interference fringe have the same lattice plane pitch and the same slant angle,
When the direction in which the axis of the light guide plate extends is the X direction and the thickness direction is the Y direction, the first deflecting means and the second deflecting means have an axis in the Z direction (for example, an axis in the Z direction passing through the center of the light guide plate). ) In a rotationally symmetrical manner.

Alternatively, in a form in which the first deflecting means and the second deflecting means are configured from a hologram diffraction grating, and the second optical member is configured from a hologram lens,
The light guide plate has a first surface on which light from the first optical member is incident, and a second surface facing the first surface,
The first deflecting means is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate,
The second deflecting means is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate,
The 2nd optical member can be set as the structure arrange | positioned on the 2nd deflection | deviation means. And in this case
A first interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the first deflecting means,
A second interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the second deflection means,
The first interference fringe and the second interference fringe have the same lattice plane pitch and the same slant angle,
When the direction in which the axis of the light guide plate extends is the X direction, the thickness direction is the Y direction, and the first deflecting means and the second deflecting means are overlapped by translating the first deflecting means in the X direction, the first deflection The first interference fringes formed on the means and the second interference fringes formed on the second deflecting means may overlap each other. And in these structures, the 2nd deflection | deviation means can be made into the form comprised from the extension part of the 1st deflection | deviation means.

However, the display device according to the first to second aspects of the present disclosure including the various preferable forms described above may not include the optical means. In other words, the second optical member may be configured such that light from the first optical member is directly incident and directly forms an image on the retina of the observer (a structure that directly enters the observer's pupil). .

When the state in which the observer wears the display device changes, the image formed by the image forming apparatus does not enter the observer's pupil (or because the incident state shifts). In other words, the image formed by the image forming apparatus does not form an image on the retina of the observer (or the image forming state is shifted), so that the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the light of the first optical member are moved by the moving device. Although the axis is moved relatively, this movement can be performed based on an instruction from the observer (adjustment by the observer). Alternatively, in the display device according to the first to third aspects of the present disclosure including the various preferable modes and configurations described above, between the image forming apparatus and the first optical member, or A mode in which a third optical member is disposed between the first optical member and the second optical member, and further includes an imaging device that captures an image of an observer's pupil taken out by the third optical member. It can be. By detecting the position of the observer's pupil in this way, the image formed by the image forming apparatus can be more reliably incident on the observer's pupil. In this case, the third optical member can be formed of a half mirror. Furthermore, in these cases, based on the position of the image of the observer's pupil imaged by the imaging device, the moving device sets the optical axis of the image forming device and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, or It can be set as the form moved relatively to a perpendicular direction or a horizontal direction and a perpendicular direction. Specifically, the imaging device may be configured by, for example, a solid-state imaging device including a CCD or CMOS sensor and a lens. The output of the imaging device is sent to a control device (control circuit) described later.

Furthermore, in the display device according to the first aspect or the third aspect of the present disclosure including the various preferable modes and configurations described above, the first optical member and the second optical member have positive optical power. It can be in the form. In this case, the positive optical power value of the first optical member can be larger than the positive optical power value of the second optical member. Since the optical power is the reciprocal of the focal length, in other words, the focal length of the second optical member can be longer than the focal length of the first optical member. The same applies to the display device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure.

Further, in the display device according to the first to third aspects of the present disclosure including the various preferable modes and configurations described above, the image forming apparatus scans the light source and the light emitted from the light source. Thus, a scanning means for forming an image can be provided. Such an image forming apparatus is referred to as a “first image forming apparatus” for convenience.

In the image forming apparatus having the first configuration, examples of the light source include a light emitting element. Specifically, a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, a blue light emitting element, and a white light emitting element can be used. White light may be obtained by mixing red light, green light, and blue light emitted from the light-emitting element, green light-emitting element, and blue light-emitting element, and using a light pipe for color mixing and luminance equalization. Examples of the light emitting element include a semiconductor laser element, a solid state laser, and an LED. The number of pixels (virtual pixels) in the image display device having the first configuration may be determined based on specifications required for the image display device. As a specific value of the number of pixels (virtual pixels), 320 × 240, 432 × 240, 640 × 480, 854 × 480, 1024 × 768, 1920 × 1080 and the like can be exemplified. Further, when the light source is composed of a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, and a blue light emitting element, it is preferable to perform color synthesis using, for example, a cross prism. As the scanning means, for example, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) mirror or a galvano mirror that scans light emitted from a light source horizontally and vertically and has a micro mirror that can rotate in a two-dimensional direction can be used. Note that the MEMS mirror and the galvanometer mirror correspond to an image emitting unit from which an image is emitted from the image forming apparatus.

However, the image forming apparatus is not limited to such an image forming apparatus. For example, the image forming apparatus includes a reflective spatial light modulator and a light source; and includes a transmissive spatial light modulator and a light source. An image forming apparatus composed of a light emitting element such as an organic EL (Electro Luminescence), an inorganic EL, a light emitting diode (LED), and a semiconductor laser element. Such an image forming apparatus is referred to as a “second-structured image forming apparatus” for convenience. Among these, it is preferable that the image forming apparatus includes a reflective spatial light modulator and a light source. Examples of the spatial light modulator include a light valve, for example, a transmissive or reflective liquid crystal display device such as LCOS (Liquid Crystal On On Silicon), a digital micromirror device (DMD), and a light emitting element as a light source. be able to. Furthermore, the reflective spatial light modulator reflects a part of light from the liquid crystal display device and the light source to the liquid crystal display device, and passes a part of the light reflected by the liquid crystal display device. In this case, a polarization beam splitter that leads to the first optical member can be used. Examples of the light emitting element that constitutes the light source include a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, a blue light emitting element, and a white light emitting element. Alternatively, white light may be obtained by mixing red light, green light, and blue light emitted from the red light emitting element, the green light emitting element, and the blue light emitting element, and using a light pipe to perform color mixing and luminance uniformity. Examples of the light emitting element include a semiconductor laser element, a solid state laser, and an LED. The number of pixels may be determined based on specifications required for the image display device. As specific values of the number of pixels, 320 × 240, 432 × 240, 640 × 480, 854 × 480, 1024 × 768, 1920 * 1080 etc. can be illustrated. In the image forming apparatus having the second configuration, a stop is disposed at the position of the front focus (focus on the image forming apparatus side) of the first optical member, and this stop emits an image from the image forming apparatus. This corresponds to the image output unit.

When the first deflecting means is composed of a hologram diffraction grating, the first deflecting means diffracts and reflects the light incident on the light guide plate, and the second deflecting means propagates the light inside the light guide plate by total reflection. Is diffracted and reflected. The hologram diffraction grating can be configured by a reflection type hologram diffraction grating, or can be configured by a transmission type hologram diffraction grating, or one of the hologram diffraction gratings can be reflected. The other hologram diffraction grating can be a transmission hologram diffraction grating. An example of the reflection type hologram diffraction grating is a reflection type volume hologram diffraction grating. The first deflecting means composed of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating is referred to as a “first diffraction grating member” for convenience, and the second deflecting means composed of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating is referred to as “second diffraction grating member” for convenience. Sometimes called. The reflection type volume hologram diffraction grating means a hologram diffraction grating that diffracts and reflects only + 1st order diffracted light. The light diffracted and reflected by the second deflecting unit is incident on the second optical member, then is emitted from the second optical member, passes through the second deflecting unit, and is incident on the observer's pupil.

Alternatively, the first deflecting means may be composed of, for example, a metal including an alloy, and may be composed of a light reflecting film (a kind of mirror) that reflects light incident on the light guide plate. A multi-layered laminated structure, a half mirror, and a polarizing beam splitter can also be configured.

The image display device according to the present disclosure can display a single color (for example, green) image. In this case, the first deflecting means can be composed of one hologram diffraction grating. Further, when performing color image display, the first diffraction grating member or the second diffraction grating member is provided with different P types (for example, P = 3, three types of red, green, and blue) wavelength bands (or In order to correspond to diffraction reflection of P types of light having a wavelength), a reflection type volume hologram diffraction grating of P layer can be laminated. Each hologram diffraction grating is formed with interference fringes corresponding to one type of wavelength band (or wavelength). Alternatively, in order to cope with diffraction reflection of P types of light having different P types of wavelength bands (or wavelengths), P type interference fringes are formed on one hologram diffraction grating. You can also. Alternatively, for example, a reflective volume hologram diffraction grating that diffracts and reflects light having a red wavelength band (or wavelength) is disposed on the first light guide plate, and a green wavelength band (or A reflective volume hologram diffraction grating that diffracts and reflects light having a wavelength), and a reflective volume hologram diffraction grating that diffracts and reflects light having a blue wavelength band (or wavelength) is disposed on the third light guide plate. A structure in which the first light guide plate, the second light guide plate, and the third light guide plate are stacked with a gap therebetween may be employed. Alternatively, for example, one type of wavelength band is divided into three equal parts, and the first diffraction grating member or the second diffraction grating member is laminated with hologram diffraction gratings corresponding to the respective three divided wavelength bands. Alternatively, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which interference fringes of each wavelength band divided into three equal parts are formed on one hologram diffraction grating. By adopting these configurations, the diffraction efficiency increases when the light having each wavelength band (or wavelength) is diffracted and reflected by the first diffraction grating member or the second diffraction grating member, and the diffraction acceptance angle is increased. Increase and optimization of the diffraction angle can be achieved.

As a material constituting the diffraction grating member, a photopolymer material can be cited. The constituent materials and basic structure of the first diffraction grating member and the second diffraction grating member made of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating may be the same as those of the conventional reflective volume hologram diffraction grating. Interference fringes are formed on the diffraction grating member from the inside to the surface, and the method for forming the interference fringes itself may be the same as the conventional forming method. Specifically, for example, a member constituting the diffraction grating member is irradiated with object light from a first predetermined direction on one side to a member constituting the diffraction grating member (for example, photopolymer material), and at the same time Is irradiated with reference light from a second predetermined direction on the other side, and interference fringes formed by the object light and the reference light may be recorded inside the member constituting the diffraction grating member. By appropriately selecting the first predetermined direction, the second predetermined direction, the wavelength of the object light and the reference light, the desired pitch of the interference fringes on the surface of the diffraction grating member, the desired inclination angle of the interference fringes ( Slant angle) can be obtained. The inclination angle of the interference fringes means an angle formed between the surface of the diffraction grating member and the interference fringes. In the case where the first diffraction grating member and the second diffraction grating member are constituted by a laminated structure of P-type reflective volume hologram diffraction gratings, such a hologram diffraction grating is laminated separately from the P-layer hologram diffraction grating. After the fabrication, the P-layer hologram diffraction grating may be laminated (adhered) using, for example, an ultraviolet curable adhesive. In addition, after producing a hologram diffraction grating of one layer using a photopolymer material having adhesiveness, a hologram diffraction grating is produced by sequentially sticking a photopolymer material having adhesiveness on the hologram diffraction grating. A hologram diffraction grating may be produced. By irradiating the produced hologram diffraction grating with energy rays as necessary, the monomer in the photopolymer material remaining without being polymerized upon irradiation of the object light and reference light of the hologram diffraction grating is polymerized and fixed. Let Moreover, it heat-processes as needed and is stabilized.

As a material constituting the hologram lens, a photopolymer material can be cited. The constituent material and basic structure of the hologram lens may be the same as the constituent material and structure of the conventional hologram lens. The hologram lens is formed with interference fringes for exhibiting a function as a lens (more specifically, a concave mirror). The method of forming such interference fringes is the same as the conventional forming method. That's fine. Specifically, for example, object light is irradiated from a first predetermined direction on one side to a member constituting the hologram lens (for example, photopolymer material), and at the same time, to the member constituting the hologram lens. Then, the reference light is irradiated from the second predetermined direction on the other side, and the interference fringes formed by the object light and the reference light may be recorded inside the member constituting the hologram lens. For example, one of the object light and the reference light is a divergent beam, and the other is a focused beam. By appropriately selecting the first predetermined direction, the second predetermined direction, the wavelength of the object light and the reference light, it is possible to form an appropriate interference fringe on the hologram lens. Optical power can be applied.

In order to protect the diffraction grating member and the hologram lens, a transparent protective member may be provided. Specifically, the outer edge portion of the light guide plate and the outer edge portion of the transparent protective member may be sealed with a sealing member or bonded. Sealing members, also called sealants, include thermosetting, photocuring, moisture, such as epoxy resins, urethane resins, acrylic resins, vinyl acetate resins, ene-thiol resins, silicone resins, and modified polymer resins. Various resins such as a curable type and an anaerobic curable type can be used.

In the display device according to the first to third aspects of the present disclosure including the various preferable modes and configurations described above (hereinafter referred to as “display device of the present disclosure” for the sake of convenience), at least the viewer's The part of the image display device facing the pupil is preferably made semi-transmissive (see-through) so that the outside scene can be viewed through this part. Specifically, it is preferable that the second optical member and the second deflecting unit have a transflective type (see-through type).

The light guide plate has two parallel surfaces (first surface and second surface) extending in parallel with the axis of the light guide plate (longitudinal direction, horizontal direction and corresponding to the X-axis direction). Note that the width direction (height direction, vertical direction) of the light guide plate corresponds to the Z-axis direction. When the surface of the light guide plate on which light is incident is the light guide plate entrance surface, and the surface of the light guide plate on which light is emitted is the light guide plate exit surface, the light guide plate entrance surface and the light guide plate exit surface are configured by the first surface. Alternatively, the light guide plate entrance surface may be configured by the second surface, and the light guide plate exit surface may be configured by the first surface. The interference fringes of the hologram diffraction grating extend substantially parallel to the Z-axis direction. As the material constituting the light guide plate, optical glass such as quartz glass and BK7, soda lime glass, glass containing white plate glass, and plastic materials (for example, PMMA, polycarbonate resin, laminated structure of polycarbonate resin and acrylic resin, acrylic type) Resin, cycloolefin polymer, amorphous polypropylene resin, and styrene resin including AS resin). The shape of the light guide plate is not limited to a flat plate, and may have a curved shape.

In the display device or the like of the present disclosure, the moving device relatively moves the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction) and / or the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). Thus, for example, the incident angle of the parallel light emitted from the first optical member and incident on the first deflecting unit with respect to the first deflecting unit (light connecting the center of the image forming apparatus and the center of the first optical member ( The incident angle of the central ray) with respect to the first deflecting means) and the angle formed by the YZ plane and / or the XY plane, hereinafter referred to as “YZ plane / incident angle, XY plane / incident angle”) changes. Then, either one of the image forming apparatus and the first optical member is placed on a moving guide section configured by, for example, a rack gear section, and either one of the image forming apparatus and the first optical member is mounted on a motor or a pinion gear. It is sufficient to adopt a method of moving on the moving guide portion by the above, or either one of the image forming apparatus and the first optical member is placed on the moving guide portion, and the image forming apparatus and the first optical member are moved. Any one of them may be moved on the moving guide portion by a piezoelectric element, an ultrasonic motor, or a voice coil motor. As described above, the movement of either the image forming apparatus or the first optical member can be performed based on an instruction from the observer (adjustment by the observer). It can also be set as the form performed based on the imaging by an imaging device.

In some cases, the first optical member can also be composed of a liquid lens. Such a liquid lens may be formed of a known liquid lens using an electrowetting phenomenon. By operating the liquid lens, the optical axis of the first optical member is moved in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction and / or Z-axis direction) while maintaining the relationship between the optical axis of the first optical member and the Y-axis constant. Alternatively, the angle of the optical axis of the first optical member with respect to the YZ plane and / or the XY plane can be changed. Even in such a form, for example, the YZ plane / incident angle and the XY plane / incident angle of the parallel light emitted from the first optical member and incident on the first deflecting means with respect to the first deflecting means change.

In some cases, the first optical member can also be constituted by a liquid prism. Such a liquid prism may be a known liquid prism using an electrowetting phenomenon. By operating the liquid prism, for example, the angle of the optical axis of the first optical member with respect to the YZ plane can be changed. Even in such a form, a change occurs in the YZ plane and the incident angle of the parallel light emitted from the first optical member and incident on the first deflecting unit with respect to the first deflecting unit.

In the display device or the like of the present disclosure, a light shielding member may be disposed outside the second surface of the light guide plate so as to cover the first deflection unit. In this case, the orthogonal projection image of the first deflecting unit on the light guide plate may be included in the orthogonal projection image of the light shielding member on the light guide plate.

Alternatively, in the display device or the like of the present disclosure, a light blocking member that blocks the incidence of external light on the first deflection unit is disposed in the region of the first deflection unit on which the light emitted from the image forming apparatus is incident. It can be set as the structure which has. An optical device that receives light emitted from the image forming apparatus by disposing a light-shielding member that blocks external light from entering the optical means in a region of the optical means that receives light emitted from the image forming apparatus. Since no external light is incident on the area of the means, undesired stray light or the like is not generated, and the image display quality in the display device does not deteriorate. It is preferable that the orthogonal projection image onto the optical means of the light shielding member includes a region of the optical means on which the light emitted from the image forming apparatus is incident.

Specifically, the light shielding member may be arranged on the side opposite to the side on which the image forming apparatus of the optical unit is disposed, separated from the optical unit. In the display device having such a configuration, the light shielding member may be made of, for example, an opaque plastic material. Such a light shielding member extends integrally from the housing of the image display device, or is attached to the housing of the image display device, or extends integrally from the frame, or is attached to the frame. It can be set as a form. Alternatively, the light shielding member may be attached to the optical means, or may be attached to or disposed on the portion of the optical means opposite to the side on which the image forming apparatus is disposed. And the light shielding member can also be set as the structure distribute | arranged to the light modulation apparatus described below. In this case, it is preferable that the orthogonal projection image onto the optical means at the end of the light control device is included in the orthogonal projection image onto the optical means of the light shielding member. For example, the light shielding member made of an opaque material may be formed on the surface of the optical means based on a physical vapor deposition method (PVD method) or a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method), a printing method, or the like. Alternatively, a film, a sheet, or a foil made of an opaque material (plastic material, metal material, alloy material, etc.) may be bonded.

A light control device may be arranged on the second surface side of the light guide plate. The light control device is, for example,
A first substrate,
A second substrate facing the first substrate;
A first transparent electrode provided on the facing surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate;
A second transparent electrode provided on the facing surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and
A light control layer sandwiched between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode,
It can be set as the form which consists of. And in this case, for example,
The first transparent electrode is composed of a plurality of strip-shaped first transparent electrode segments extending in the first direction,
The second transparent electrode is composed of a plurality of strip-shaped second transparent electrode segments extending in a second direction different from the first direction,
The control of the light shielding rate of the portion of the light control device corresponding to the overlapping region of the first transparent electrode segment and the second transparent electrode segment (the minimum unit region in which the light shielding rate of the light control device changes) It can be set as the form performed based on control of the voltage applied to 2 transparent electrode segments. That is, the light shielding rate can be controlled based on the simple matrix method. A form in which the first direction and the second direction are orthogonal to each other can be exemplified.

Alternatively, a thin film transistor (TFT) may be provided in each minimum unit region in order to control the light shielding rate of the minimum unit region where the light shielding rate of the light control device changes. That is, the light shielding rate may be controlled based on the active matrix method. Alternatively, at least one of the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode can be a so-called solid electrode (unpatterned electrode).

The light guide plate can also be configured to serve as the first substrate. With such a configuration, the weight of the entire display device can be reduced, and the display device user feels uncomfortable. There is no fear. The second substrate can be thinner than the first substrate. In a display device provided with a light control device, the size and position of an actual light control region of the light control device are determined based on a signal for displaying an image in the image forming device. The size of the light control device may be the same size as the light guide plate, may be large, or may be small. In short, it is sufficient that the second deflecting unit and the second optical member (or the virtual image forming region) are positioned in the orthogonal projection image of the light control device.

The maximum light transmittance of the light control device can be 50% or more, and the minimum light transmittance of the light control device can be 30% or less. The upper limit value of the maximum light transmittance of the light control device can be 99%, and the lower limit value of the minimum light transmittance of the light control device can be 1%. here,
(Light transmittance) = 1- (Light blocking rate)
Are in a relationship.

In some cases, the light passing through the light control device can be configured to be colored in a desired color by the light control device. In this case, the color colored by the light control device can be variable, or the color colored by the light control device can be fixed. In the former case, for example, a light control device colored in red, a light control device colored in green, and a light control device colored in blue may be stacked. In the latter case, the color to be colored by the light control device is not limited, but can be exemplified by brown.

Furthermore, in some cases, the light control device can be detachably disposed. In order to detachably install the light control device, for example, the light control device is attached to, for example, a frame using a screw made of transparent plastic, or a groove is cut in the frame, and The light control device can be attached to the frame by engaging the light control device or by attaching a magnet to the frame, or a slide portion may be provided on the frame, and the light control device may be fitted into the slide portion. Further, a connector is attached to the light control device, and a control circuit for controlling the light shielding rate (light transmittance) of the light control device (for example, included in the control device for controlling the image forming apparatus and the moving device). Further, the light control device may be electrically connected through the connector and the wiring. The light control device may be curved.

The display device or the like of the present disclosure including a light control device further includes an environmental illumination measurement sensor that measures the illumination of the environment where the display device is placed, and based on the measurement result of the environmental illumination measurement sensor, It can be set as the form which controls a light-shielding rate. Alternatively, it further includes an environmental illuminance measurement sensor that measures the illuminance of the environment where the display device is placed, and controls the luminance of the image formed by the image forming apparatus based on the measurement result of the environmental illuminance measurement sensor. can do. These forms may be combined.

Alternatively, the display device or the like of the present disclosure including a light control device further includes a transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor that measures illuminance based on light transmitted through the light control device from the external environment, and the measurement result of the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor Based on the above, it is possible to control the light shielding rate of the light control device. Alternatively, it further includes a transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor that measures the illuminance based on the light transmitted through the light control device from the external environment. Based on the measurement result of the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor, the brightness of the image formed by the image forming apparatus is adjusted. It can be set as the form to control. The transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor is preferably arranged on the viewer side with respect to the optical means. At least two transmitted light illuminance measurement sensors may be arranged to measure the illuminance based on the light that has passed through the portion with the high light blocking ratio and measure the illuminance based on the light that has passed through the portion with the low light blocking ratio. These forms may be combined. Furthermore, you may combine these forms and the form which controls based on the measurement result of said environmental illumination intensity measurement sensor.

The environmental illuminance measurement sensor and the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor may be configured by a known illuminance sensor, and the environmental illuminance measurement sensor and the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor may be controlled based on a known control circuit.

As described above, the optical means is a transflective type (see-through type). Specifically, at least the portion of the optical means facing the eyeball (pupil) of the observer is made semi-transmissive (see-through), and if this portion of the optical means (and the light control device is disposed, The outside scene can be seen through the light control device. The display device or the like of the present disclosure may include one image display device (one eye type) or two (binocular type). When the light control device is arranged, in the case of the binocular type, the light transmittance of a part of the light control device is changed in both image display devices based on the signal for displaying the image. Alternatively, the light transmittance of a partial region of the light control device may be changed in one image display device.

In this specification, the term “semi-transmissive” may be used, but it does not mean that half (50%) of incident light is transmitted or reflected, but a part of incident light. Is used to transmit the light and reflect the remainder.

The frame includes a front part disposed in front of the observer and two temple parts attached to both ends of the front part via hinges so as to be rotatable. A modern portion is attached to the tip of each temple portion. The front part may have a rim. Although the image display device is attached to the frame, specifically, for example, the image forming device may be attached to the temple portion. Alternatively, the front part and the two temple parts can be integrated. That is, when the entire display device of the present disclosure is viewed, the frame has substantially the same structure as normal glasses. The material constituting the frame including the pad portion can be made of the same material as that constituting normal glasses such as metal, alloy, plastic, and a combination thereof. Furthermore, it can be set as the structure by which the nose pad is attached to the front part. That is, when the entire display device of the present disclosure is viewed, the assembly of the frame (which may include a rim) and the nose pad has substantially the same structure as normal glasses. The nose pad can also have a known configuration and structure.

When the light control device is provided, the light control device can be arranged in the front portion. Moreover, the optical means can be configured to be attached to the light control device. The optical means may be attached to the light control device in a close contact state, or may be attached to the light control device in a state where a gap is opened. Moreover, the light control apparatus can be made into the form currently fitted by the rim. Alternatively, at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate may be attached to the frame, for example. However, it is not limited to these. From the observer side, the optical means and the light control device may be arranged in this order, or the light control device and the optical device may be arranged in this order.

From the viewpoint of the design of the display device or ease of mounting, the wiring (signal lines, power supply lines, etc.) from one or two image forming apparatuses is connected to the inside of the temple part and the modern part. It is desirable to extend from the tip of the modern part to the outside and to be connected to a control device (control circuit or control means). Furthermore, each image forming apparatus includes a headphone section, and the headphone section wiring from each image forming apparatus is routed from the tip of the modern section to the headphone section via the temple section and the interior of the modern section. It is more desirable to have an extended form. Examples of the headphone unit include an inner ear type headphone unit and a canal type headphone unit. More specifically, the headphone part wiring preferably has a form extending from the tip part of the modern part to the headphone part so as to wrap around the back side of the auricle (ear shell).

Alternatively, when the display device of the present disclosure is a binocular type,
The light guide plate is disposed closer to the center of the observer's face than the image forming apparatus as a whole.
A coupling member that couples the two image display devices;
The coupling member is attached to the observer-facing side of the central part of the frame located between the two pupils of the observer,
The projection image of the coupling member may be included in the projection image of the frame.

In this way, the structure in which the coupling member is attached to the central portion of the frame located between the two pupils of the observer, that is, the image display device is attached directly to the frame. Otherwise, when the observer wears the frame on the head, the temple portion is spread outward, and as a result, even if the frame is deformed, the deformation of the frame causes the image forming apparatus to Alternatively, the displacement (position change) of the light guide plate does not occur, or even if it occurs, it is very slight. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent the convergence angle of the left and right images from changing. In addition, since it is not necessary to increase the rigidity of the front portion of the frame, there is no increase in the weight of the frame, a decrease in design, and an increase in cost. In addition, since the image display device is not directly attached to the frame, it is possible to freely select the frame design and color according to the preference of the observer, and there are few restrictions on the frame design, High design freedom. In addition, the coupling member is disposed between the observer and the frame, and the projection image of the coupling member is included in the projection image of the frame. In other words, when the head-mounted display is viewed from the front of the observer, the coupling member is hidden by the frame. Therefore, high design and design can be given to the head-mounted display.

Note that the coupling member is configured to be attached to the side facing the observer of the central part of the front part (corresponding to the bridge part in normal glasses) located between the two pupils of the observer. Is preferred.

Although the two image display devices are coupled by the coupling member, specifically, the image forming apparatus can be attached to each end of the coupling member so that the mounting state can be adjusted. In this case, it is preferable that each image forming apparatus is located outside the observer's pupil. Furthermore, in such a configuration, the distance between the center of the mounting portion of one image forming apparatus and one end of the frame (one end, one end) is α, and one end of the frame from the center of the coupling member When the distance to (one wisdom) is β, the distance between the attachment center of the other image forming apparatus and one end of the frame (one wisdom) is γ, and the length of the frame is L. 01 × L ≦ α ≦ 0.30 × L, preferably 0.05 × L ≦ α ≦ 0.25 × L, 0.35 × L ≦ β ≦ 0.65 × L, preferably 0.45 × It is desirable to satisfy L ≦ β ≦ 0.55 × L, 0.70 × L ≦ γ ≦ 0.99 × L, and preferably satisfy 0.75 × L ≦ γ ≦ 0.95 × L. Specifically, for example, the attachment of the image forming apparatus to each end portion of the coupling member is, for example, provided with three through holes at each end portion of the coupling member, and screwed portions corresponding to the through holes are provided in the image forming apparatus. The screw is inserted into each through hole and screwed into a screwing portion provided in the image forming apparatus. A spring is inserted between the screw and the screwing portion. Thus, the mounting state of the image forming apparatus (the inclination of the image forming apparatus with respect to the coupling member) can be adjusted by the tightening state of the screws.

Here, the center of the attachment portion of the image forming apparatus is a projection image of the image forming apparatus obtained when the image forming apparatus and the frame are projected onto a virtual plane in a state where the image forming apparatus is attached to the coupling member. A bisection point along the axial direction of the frame where the projected images of the frame overlap. The center of the coupling member refers to a bisector along the axial direction of the frame where the coupling member is in contact with the frame when the coupling member is attached to the frame. The frame length is the length of the projected image of the frame when the frame is curved. The projection direction is a direction perpendicular to the face of the observer.

Alternatively, the two image display devices are coupled by the coupling member, but specifically, the coupling member may be configured to couple the two light guide plates. In some cases, the two light guide plates are manufactured integrally. In such a case, the coupling member is attached to the integrally manufactured light guide plate. It is included in a form in which two light guide plates are combined. When the distance between the center of one image forming apparatus and one end of the frame is α ′, and the distance between the center of the other image forming apparatus and one end of the frame is γ ′, α ′ and γ ′ The values are preferably the same as the values of α and γ described above. The center of the image forming apparatus refers to a projection image of the image forming apparatus obtained when the image forming apparatus and the frame are projected onto a virtual plane in a state where the image forming apparatus is attached to the light guide plate. A bisection point along the axial direction of the frame where the image overlaps.

The shape of the coupling member is essentially arbitrary as long as the projection image of the coupling member is included in the projection image of the frame, and examples thereof include a rod shape and an elongated plate shape. Examples of the material constituting the coupling member include metals, alloys, plastics, and combinations thereof.

In the display device or the like of the present disclosure, a signal for displaying an image in the image display device (a signal for forming a virtual image in the optical unit) can be received from the outside. In such a form, information and data relating to an image displayed on the image display device are recorded, stored and stored in a so-called cloud computer or server, for example, and the display device is a communication means such as a mobile phone or By providing a smartphone or by combining a display device and communication means, various information and data can be exchanged and exchanged between the cloud computer or server and the display device. A signal based on the data, that is, a signal for displaying an image on the image display device (a signal for forming a virtual image on the optical means) can be received. Alternatively, a signal for displaying an image in the image display device (a signal for forming a virtual image in the optical means) can be stored in the display device. The image displayed on the image display device includes various information and various data. Alternatively, the display device includes a camera, sends an image captured by the camera to a cloud computer or server via communication means, and various information and data corresponding to the image captured by the camera at the cloud computer or server. The searched various information and data may be sent to the display device via the communication means, and the searched various information and data may be displayed on the image display device.

When sending an image captured by the camera to the cloud computer or server via the communication means, the image captured by the camera may be displayed on the image display device and confirmed by the optical means. Specifically, the outer edge of the spatial region imaged by the camera can be displayed in a frame shape on the light control device. Alternatively, the light shielding rate of the region of the light control device corresponding to the spatial region imaged by the camera is set higher than the light shielding rate of the region of the light control device corresponding to the outside of the space region imaged by the camera. be able to. In such a form, to the observer, the spatial region imaged by the camera appears darker than the outside of the spatial region imaged by the camera. Alternatively, the light shielding rate of the region of the light control device corresponding to the spatial region imaged by the camera is set to be lower than the light shielding rate of the region of the light control device corresponding to the outside of the space region imaged by the camera. You can also In such a form, to the observer, the spatial region imaged by the camera appears brighter than the outside of the spatial region imaged by the camera. Thus, the observer can easily and reliably recognize where the camera captures the image.

It is preferable to calibrate the position of the area of the light control device corresponding to the space area imaged by the camera. Specifically, the display device includes, for example, a mobile phone or a smartphone, or a combination of the display device and the mobile phone, the smartphone, or a personal computer. The captured space area can be displayed. If there is a difference between the spatial area displayed on the mobile phone, the smartphone, or the personal computer and the area of the light control device corresponding to the space area captured by the camera, the light blocking rate (light Using a control circuit (which can be substituted by a mobile phone, a smartphone, or a personal computer) for controlling the transmittance), the region of the light control device corresponding to the spatial region imaged by the camera is moved and rotated. Alternatively, the difference between the spatial area displayed on the mobile phone, the smartphone, and the personal computer and the area of the light control device corresponding to the spatial area captured by the camera may be eliminated by enlarging / reducing.

The display device of the present disclosure including the various modifications described above includes, for example, reception / display of e-mail, display of various information on various sites on the Internet, operation of observation objects such as various devices, Various explanations during operation, maintenance, disassembly, etc., display of symbols, signs, marks, marks, designs, etc .; Various explanations about observation objects such as people and articles, symbols, signs, marks, marks, designs, etc. Display of movies and still images; Display of subtitles for movies, etc .; Display of captions and closed captions related to video; Play, Kabuki, Noh, Kyogen, Opera, Music Festival, Ballet, Various theaters , Amusement parks, amusement parks, sightseeing spots, resorts, sightseeing guides, various explanations about objects to be observed, and explanations for explaining the contents, progress, background, etc. It can be, can be used for the display of closed captioning. For play, kabuki, Noh, kyogen, opera, music festival, ballet, various theatres, amusement parks, museums, sightseeing spots, resorts, tourist information, etc. What is necessary is just to display the character as a related image on a display apparatus. Specifically, for example, according to the progress of a movie or the like, or according to the progress of a play or the like, based on a predetermined schedule and time allocation, by an operator's operation, or under the control of a computer or the like. The image control signal is sent to the display device, and the image is displayed on the display device. In addition, various devices and various descriptions related to observation objects such as people and articles are displayed. The observation objects such as various devices, persons and articles are photographed (imaged) by a camera, and the contents photographed (imaged) on the display device. By analyzing the above, it is possible to display various descriptions related to observation objects such as various devices prepared in advance and people and articles on the display device.

The image signal to the image forming apparatus includes not only the image signal (for example, character data) but also, for example, luminance data (luminance information) regarding the image to be displayed, chromaticity data (chromaticity information), or luminance. Data and chromaticity data can be included. The luminance data can be luminance data corresponding to the luminance of a predetermined area including the observation object viewed through the optical means, and the chromaticity data can be the luminance data of the predetermined area including the observation object viewed through the optical means. The chromaticity data corresponding to the chromaticity can be obtained. As described above, the luminance (brightness) of the displayed image can be controlled by including the luminance data related to the image, and the chromaticity ( Color) can be controlled, and luminance (brightness) and chromaticity (color) of a displayed image can be controlled by including luminance data and chromaticity data regarding the image. In the case of luminance data corresponding to the luminance of a predetermined area including the observation object viewed through the image display device, the brightness of the image increases as the luminance value of the predetermined area including the observation object viewed through the image display device increases. The value of the luminance data may be set so that the value of is high (that is, the image is displayed brighter). Further, when the chromaticity data corresponding to the chromaticity of the predetermined area including the observation object viewed through the image display device is displayed, the chromaticity data of the predetermined area including the observation object viewed through the image display device is displayed. The value of the chromaticity data may be set so that the chromaticity of the power image is approximately complementary. Complementary color refers to a combination of colors that are located in opposite directions in a color circle. It is also a complementary color such as green for red, purple for yellow, and orange for blue. A color that mixes one color with another at an appropriate ratio, such as white for light and black for objects, may also be a color that causes desaturation, but the visual effect when paralleled Complementarity differs from complementarity when mixed. Also called extra color, contrast color, or opposite color. However, while the opposite color directly indicates the color to which the complementary color is opposed, the range indicated by the complementary color is slightly wider. The combination of complementary colors has a synergistic effect of complementing each other, which is called complementary color harmony.

The display device according to the first to third aspects of the present disclosure including the various preferable modes and configurations described above can be applied to the display device in the adjustment method of the display device of the present disclosure.

For example, a head-mounted display (HMD, Head-Mounted Display) can be configured by the display device of the present disclosure. This makes it possible to reduce the weight and size of the display device, significantly reduce discomfort when the display device is mounted, and further reduce the manufacturing cost. . Alternatively, the display device and the like of the present disclosure can be used as a stereoscopic display device. In this case, if necessary, a polarizing plate or a polarizing film may be detachably attached to the optical means, or a polarizing plate or a polarizing film may be attached to the optical means.

Example 1 relates to a display device (specifically, a head-mounted display, HMD) according to the first to third aspects of the present disclosure, and also relates to a method for adjusting the display device of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 shows a conceptual diagram of the image display device of the first embodiment, FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the display device of the first embodiment viewed from above, FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram viewed from the front, and FIG. A schematic view is shown in FIG. 5A. Furthermore, FIG. 5B shows a schematic cross-sectional view showing a part of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating in the display device of Example 1 in an enlarged manner. 2A and 2B are conceptual diagrams for explaining the movement of the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the display apparatus of the first embodiment. Furthermore, the conceptual diagram explaining the optical system of the image display apparatus of Example 1 is shown in FIG. 5C.

More specifically, the display device of Example 1 or Examples 2 to 13 described later is a head-mounted display (HMD).
(A) a frame 10 (for example, a glasses-type frame 10) attached to the head of the observer 20, and
(B) Image display devices 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 attached to the frame 10;
It has. Although the display device of Example 1 or Examples 2 to 13 described later is specifically a binocular type including two image display devices, it may be a single eye type including one. . For example, the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 display a single color (for example, green) image (virtual image). The image display devices 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 according to the first embodiment or the second to thirteenth embodiments described later are as follows.
(B-1) Image forming apparatuses 111 and 211,
(B-2) a first optical member 141 on which light from the image forming apparatus is incident;
(B-3) a second optical member 142 that causes light from the first optical member 141 to enter the observer's pupil, and
(B-4) A moving device 41 that relatively moves the optical axes of the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the optical axis of the first optical member 141 in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal and vertical directions. ,
It has.

In the display device according to the first embodiment, in the display device according to the first embodiment, the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the pupil 21 (specifically, the crystalline lens) of the observer 20 are described. Are in a conjugate relationship, and the first optical member 141 and the second optical member 142 constitute a double-sided telecentric system.

Alternatively, if described along the display device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, an image is emitted from the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 to the front focal point f _1F of the first optical member 141 having positive optical power. The pupil 21 (more specifically, the crystalline lens) of the observer 20 is positioned at the rear focal point f _2B of the second optical member 142 having a positive optical power. The front focal point f _2F of the second optical member 142 is located at the rear focal point f _1B of the member 141.

Alternatively, if described along the display device according to the third aspect of the present disclosure, it will be described as a display device as a preferred form of the display device according to the first to second aspects of the present disclosure. Then, as described above, the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the pupil 21 (specifically, the crystalline lens) of the observer 20 have a conjugate relationship, and the image display apparatuses 100, 200, 300, and 400 are the second ones. Optical means 120 and 320 for attaching the optical member 142 are further provided. The optical units 120 and 320 include a light guide plate 121, a first deflecting unit 131 disposed on the light guide plate 121, and a second deflecting unit 132 attached to the light guide plate 121, and the first optical member 141. Is deflected by the first deflecting means 131, propagates through the light guide plate 121 by total reflection, deflected by the second deflecting means 132, enters the second optical member 142, and enters the second optical member 142. It is emitted and enters the pupil 21 of the observer 20. That is, the display device is a direct drawing type display device that directly draws an image on the pupil of the observer 20.

The adjustment method of the display device of Example 1 is as follows:
(A) a frame 10 (for example, a glasses-type frame 10) attached to the head of the observer 20, and
(B) Image display devices 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 attached to the frame 10;
With
The image display devices 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 are
(B-1) Image forming apparatuses 111 and 211,
(B-2) a first optical member 141 on which light from the image forming apparatus is incident;
(B-3) a second optical member 142 that causes light from the first optical member 141 to enter the observer's pupil, and
(B-4) A moving device 41 that relatively moves the optical axes of the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the optical axis of the first optical member 141 in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal and vertical directions. ,
A method for adjusting a display device comprising:
While the images formed by the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 are incident on the pupil 21 of the observer 20 via the first optical member 141 and the second optical member 142, the optical axes of the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the first By moving the optical axis of the optical member 141 with the moving device 41, the light intensity of the image incident on the pupil 21 of the observer 20 is optimized (for example, the light intensity is maximized).

The image display devices 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 may be fixedly attached to the frame 10 or may be detachably attached. The first optical member 141 is disposed between the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the optical means 120 and 320. The optical means 120 and 320 are of a transflective type (see-through type). Specifically, at least a portion of the optical means (more specifically, the light guide plate 121, the second optical member 142, and the second deflecting means 132 described later) facing the eyes of the observer 20 is semi-transmissive. (See-through).

In the display device of Example 1 or Examples 2 to 13 described later, as described above, the first optical member 141 and the second optical member 142 have positive optical power. In this case, the positive optical power value of the first optical member 141 is larger than the positive optical power value of the second optical member 142. That is, the focal length (f _2B ) of the second optical member 142 is longer than the focal length (f _1F ) of the first optical member 141.

The first deflecting means (first diffraction grating member) 131 is a hologram diffraction grating, specifically, a reflective volume hologram diffraction grating, and the second deflecting means (second diffraction grating member) 132 is also a hologram diffraction grating, Specifically, it consists of a reflective volume hologram diffraction grating. The second optical member 142 is made of a hologram lens. Specifically, the first optical member 141 is formed of a convex lens, and a scanning unit 153 corresponding to the image emitting unit is disposed at the position of the front focal point f _1F (focus on the image forming apparatus side) of the first optical member 141. ing. On the other hand, the second optical member 142 constitutes a kind of concave mirror, and the pupil 21 (specifically, the crystalline lens) of the observer 20 is located at the position of the rear focal point f _2B of the second optical member 141.

More specifically, the display device of Example 1 is
The light guide plate 121 has a first surface 122 on which light from the first optical member 141 is incident, and a second surface 123 that faces the first surface 122.
The first deflecting means 131 is disposed on the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121 (specifically, bonded),
The second deflecting means 132 is disposed on the first surface 122 of the light guide plate 121 (specifically, bonded),
The second optical member 142 is disposed on the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121 (specifically, bonded).

That is, the light guide plate 121 made of optical glass or plastic material has two parallel surfaces (the first surface 122 and the second surface 123) extending in parallel with the light propagation direction (X axis) due to total internal reflection of the light guide plate 121. is doing. The first surface 122 and the second surface 123 are opposed to each other.

And
A first interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the first deflecting means 131,
A second interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the second deflecting means 132,
The first interference fringe and the second interference fringe have the same lattice plane pitch and the same slant angle,
When the extending direction of the axis of the light guide plate 121 is the X direction and the thickness direction is the Y direction, the first deflecting means 131 and the second deflecting means 132 pass through the Z direction axis (for example, the center of the light guide plate 121). (Axis in the Z direction) (see FIG. 1) is arranged rotationally symmetrically.

The first deflecting means 131 diffracts and reflects so that the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 121 from the second surface 123 is totally reflected inside the light guide plate 121. The second deflecting unit 132 diffracts and reflects the light propagated through the light guide plate 121 by total reflection and guides the light to the second optical member 142. The second optical member 142 and the second deflecting unit 132 constitute a virtual image forming region in the optical unit. The axis of the first deflection unit 131 and the second deflection unit 132 is parallel to the X axis, and the normal line is parallel to the Y axis. Interference fringes corresponding to one type of wavelength band (or wavelength) are formed on each reflection type volume hologram diffraction grating made of a photopolymer material, and are produced by a conventional method. The pitch of the interference fringes formed on the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating is constant, and the interference fringes are linear and parallel to the Z axis.

FIG. 5B shows an enlarged schematic partial cross-sectional view of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating. In the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating, interference fringes having an inclination angle (slant angle) φ are formed. Here, the inclination angle φ refers to an angle formed between the surface of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating and the interference fringes. The interference fringes are formed from the inside to the surface of the reflection type volume hologram diffraction grating. The interference fringes satisfy the Bragg condition. Here, the Bragg condition refers to a condition that satisfies the following formula (A). In equation (A), m is a positive integer, λ is the wavelength, d is the pitch of the grating plane (the interval in the normal direction of the imaginary plane including the interference fringes), and Θ is the angle of incidence of the incident on the interference fringes To do. In addition, when light enters the diffraction grating member at the incident angle ψ, the relationship among Θ, the tilt angle φ, and the incident angle ψ is as shown in Expression (B).

m · λ = 2 · d · sin (Θ) (A)
Θ = 90 °-(φ + ψ) (B)

In Example 1 or Example 5 described later, the image forming apparatus 111 includes a light source and a scanning unit that scans light emitted from the light source to form an image. That is, the image forming apparatus 111 is an image forming apparatus having a first configuration. Specifically, the image forming apparatus 111
Light source 151,
A collimating optical system 152 that collimates the light emitted from the light source 151, and
Scanning means 153 for scanning parallel light emitted from the collimating optical system 152;
It is composed of Note that the entire image forming apparatus 111 is housed in a housing 113 (indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 1).

The light source 151 is composed of a light emitting element that emits white light. The light emitted from the light source 151 enters the collimating optical system 152 having a positive optical power as a whole, and is emitted as parallel light. Then, the parallel light is reflected by the total reflection mirror 154, and the micromirror can be rotated in the two-dimensional direction, and the horizontal scanning is performed by the scanning unit 153 including a MEMS mirror that can scan the incident parallel light two-dimensionally. Then, vertical scanning is performed to form a kind of two-dimensional image, and virtual pixels (the number of pixels is, for example, 640 × 480) are generated. Then, the light from the virtual pixel (scanning means 153 corresponding to the image emitting portion) passes through the first optical member 141 having a positive optical power, and the collimated light beam enters the optical means 120. .

As shown in FIG. 5C, a conceptual diagram for explaining the optical system of the image display apparatus according to the first embodiment corresponds to the light emitted from the light source 151 at a certain moment (for example, the size corresponding to one pixel or one sub-pixel). As described above, the light enters the collimating optical system 152 and is emitted as parallel light. Then, the parallel light is scanned by the scanning unit 153 and enters the first optical member 141 as the parallel light. The light emitted from the first optical member 141 forms an image once at the rear focal point of the first optical member 141 (which is also the front focal point of the second optical member 142), and enters the second optical member 142. The light emitted from the second optical member 142 becomes parallel light, and reaches the pupil 21 (specifically, the crystalline lens) of the observer 20 as parallel light. The light that has passed through the crystalline lens finally forms an image on the retina of the pupil 21 of the observer 20.

The frame 10 includes a front portion 11 disposed in front of the observer 20, two temple portions 13 rotatably attached to both ends of the front portion 11 via hinges 12, and tip portions of the temple portions 13. A modern part (also called a tip cell, an ear pad, or an ear pad) 14 attached to the head. A nose pad 10 'is attached. That is, the assembly of the frame 10 and the nose pad 10 'basically has substantially the same structure as normal glasses. Further, each housing 113 is attached to the temple portion 13 by the attachment member 19. The frame 10 is made of metal or plastic. Each housing 113 may be detachably attached to the temple portion 13 by the attachment member 19. For an observer who owns and wears glasses, each housing 113 may be detachably attached to the temple portion 13 of the frame 10 of the glasses owned by the observer by the attachment member 19. Each housing 113 may be attached to the outside of the temple portion 13 or may be attached to the inside of the temple portion 13. Alternatively, the light guide plate 121 may be fitted into a rim provided in the front portion 11.

Furthermore, a wiring (a signal line, a power supply line, etc.) 15 extending from one image forming apparatus 111A extends from the distal end portion of the modern portion 14 to the outside via the temple portion 13 and the modern portion 14, and is controlled. It is connected to a device (control circuit, control means) 18. Further, each of the image forming apparatuses 111A and 111B includes a headphone unit 16, and a headphone unit wiring 16 'extending from each of the image forming devices 111A and 111B is provided through the temple unit 13 and the modern unit 14. The head portion 16 extends from the tip of the modern portion 14. More specifically, the headphone unit wiring 16 ′ extends from the tip of the modern unit 14 to the headphone unit 16 so as to wrap around the back side of the auricle (ear shell). By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to provide a neat display device without giving the impression that the headphone unit 16 and the headphone unit wiring 16 ′ are randomly arranged.

The wiring (signal line, power supply line, etc.) 15 is connected to the control device (control circuit) 18 as described above, and the control device 18 performs processing for image display. The control device 18 can be composed of a known circuit.

A camera 17 composed of a solid-state imaging device composed of a CCD or CMOS sensor and a lens (these are not shown) is attached to an appropriate mounting member (not shown) on the central portion 11 'of the front portion 11 as required. ) Is attached. A signal from the camera 17 is sent to a control device (control circuit) 18 via a wiring (not shown) extending from the camera 17.

In the image display apparatuses 100, 200, 300, and 400 according to the first embodiment or the second to thirteenth embodiments that will be described later, as shown in the conceptual diagrams of FIGS. 2A and 2B, the moving device 41 uses the image forming apparatus 111. The optical axes (111A, 111B) and 211 and the optical axis of the first optical member 141 are relatively moved in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction) and / or the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). That is, one of the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the first optical member 141 (for example, the first optical member 141) is placed on the moving guide portion 43 configured by a rack gear portion, and the image forming apparatuses 111 and 111, One of 211 and the first optical member 141 (for example, the first optical member 141) is moved on the moving guide portion 43 by a motor (not shown) and the pinion gear 42. Alternatively, either one of the image forming apparatus and the optical system is placed on the moving guide unit, and either the image forming apparatus or the optical system is moved on the moving guide unit by a piezoelectric element or an ultrasonic motor. Good. In the illustrated example, the movement is in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction), but the movement in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) can also be performed by a similar mechanism.

In such a configuration, the parallel light emitted from the first optical member 141 and incident on the optical means 120, 320 changes to the YZ plane / incident angle and / or the XY plane / incident angle with respect to the optical means 120, 320. Occurs. That is, a relative positional change occurs between the optical axis of the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the optical axis of the first optical member 141 with respect to the YZ plane and / or the XY plane. Therefore, even if the observer is wearing the display device or the wearing state is changed, based on the instructions of the observer, for example, the state shown in FIGS. 2A to 2B By moving the image forming apparatuses 111, 211 and the first optical member 141, the image formed by the image forming apparatus 111 (111A, 111B) can be reliably incident on the pupil 21 of the observer 20. That is, the image formed by the image forming apparatus can be reliably formed on the retina of the observer. The observer's instruction can be given by the observer operating a button (not shown). The operation state of the button is sent to the control device 18, and the drive device 41 is driven under the control of the control device 18.

Then, the images formed by the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 are made incident on the pupil 21 of the observer 20 by the second optical member 142. In addition, the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 (more specifically, a scanning unit 153 corresponding to the image emitting unit, or a function of a diaphragm provided between a liquid crystal display device 253 and a first optical member 141 described later are provided. In addition, the opening 256 corresponding to the image emitting portion and the pupil 21 (specifically, the crystalline lens) of the observer 20 are in a conjugate relationship, and both sides are formed by the first optical member 141 and the second optical member 142. A telecentric system is constructed. Alternatively, the scanning means 153 corresponding to the image emitting portion from which the image is emitted from the image forming apparatus 111 is located at the front focal point f _1F of the first optical member 141 having the positive optical power, and the positive optical power The observer's pupil (more specifically, the crystalline lens) is located at the rear focal point f _2B of the second optical member 142 having the first focal point, and the front focal point of the second optical member 142 is located at the rear focal point f _1B of the first optical member 141. f _2F is located. Alternatively, the light from the first optical member 141 is deflected by the first deflecting unit 131, propagates through the light guide plate 121 by total reflection, is deflected by the second deflecting unit 132, and enters the second optical member 142. Then, the light is emitted from the second optical member 142 and enters the pupil 21 of the observer 20. Therefore, by optimizing the specifications of the first optical member 141 and the second optical member 142, the relative movement amount between the optical axes of the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the optical axis of the first optical member 141 is small. However, the relative position change of the second optical member 142 and the position of the pupil 21 of the observer 20 can be greatly changed. The light diffracted and reflected by the second deflecting unit 132 is incident on the second optical member 142, is then emitted from the second optical member 142, passes through the second deflecting unit 132, and is incident on the pupil 21 of the observer 20. Incident. Since a substantial part of the light passing through the second deflecting unit 132 does not satisfy the diffraction condition in the second deflecting unit 132, it is not diffracted and reflected by the second deflecting unit 132, and the pupil 21 of the observer 20. It is made to enter.

As a result, the mechanism of the entire display device including the moving device can be reduced in size and simplified. In addition, since the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member can be moved relative to each other by the moving device, a change in the state in which the observer wears (wears) the display device. It can be easily dealt with. In other words, even when the state in which the observer wears (wears) the display device changes, the image formed by the image forming apparatus can be reliably incident on the pupil of the observer. That is, the image formed by the image forming apparatus can be reliably imaged on the retina of the observer.

The second embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment. As shown in a conceptual diagram in FIG. 6, in the image display apparatus according to the second embodiment, the first deflecting unit 131 and the second deflecting unit 132 are configured by a hologram diffraction grating, and the second optical member 142 is configured by a hologram lens. Configure
The light guide plate 121 has a first surface 122 on which light from the first optical member 141 is incident, and a second surface 123 that faces the first surface 122.
The first deflecting means 131 is disposed on the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121,
The second deflection means 132 is disposed on the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121,
The second optical member 142 is disposed on the second deflecting unit 132.

As in the first embodiment, the first interference fringes are formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the first deflection unit 131, and inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the second deflection unit 132. A second interference fringe is formed, and the first interference fringe and the second interference fringe have the same pitch of the lattice plane and the same slant angle. Here, the direction in which the axis of the light guide plate 121 extends is the X direction, the thickness direction is the Y direction, and the first deflection unit 131 and the second deflection unit 132 are overlapped by translating the first deflection unit 131 in the X direction. When they are combined, the first interference fringes formed on the first deflection unit 131 and the second interference fringes formed on the second deflection unit 132 overlap.

As in the first embodiment, the first deflecting means 131 diffracts and reflects so that the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 121 from the second surface 123 is totally reflected inside the light guide plate 121. The second deflecting unit 132 diffracts and reflects the light propagated through the light guide plate 121 by total reflection and guides the light to the second optical member 142. The light diffracted and reflected by the second deflecting unit 132 is incident on the second optical member 142, is then emitted from the second optical member 142, passes through the second deflecting unit 132, and is incident on the pupil 21 of the observer 20. Incident. Since a substantial part of the light passing through the second deflecting unit 132 does not satisfy the diffraction condition in the second deflecting unit 132, it is not diffracted and reflected by the second deflecting unit 132, and the pupil 21 of the observer 20. It is made to enter.

Except for the above points, the configuration and structure of the display device according to the second embodiment can be the same as the configuration and structure of the display device according to the first embodiment.

Incidentally, as shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. 7, the second deflecting means 132 may be constituted by an extending portion of the first deflecting means 131. That is, the first deflecting unit 131 and the second deflecting unit 132 may be manufactured integrally.

Example 3 is a modification of Example 1 to Example 2. When the state in which the observer 20 wears (wears) the display device changes, the images formed by the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 do not enter the pupil 21 of the observer 20 (or enter the incident state). Therefore, the moving device 41 relatively moves the optical axes of the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the optical axis of the first optical member 141. In Example 1, this movement was performed based on an instruction from the observer 20 (adjustment by the observer 20).

On the other hand, in the display device of Example 3, as shown in a conceptual diagram of FIG. 8, the third optical member 32 is disposed between the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the first optical member 141. An imaging device 31 that captures an image of the pupil 21 of the observer 20 taken out by the third optical member 32 is further provided. Specifically, the imaging device 31 is configured by, for example, a solid-state imaging device composed of a CCD or CMOS sensor and a lens. Specifically, the third optical member 32 is composed of a half mirror. Furthermore, based on the position of the image of the pupil 21 of the observer 20 imaged by the imaging device 31, the moving device 41 sets the optical axis of the image forming devices 111 and 211 and the optical axis of the first optical member 141 horizontally. It is moved relative to the direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. That is, the output related to the image of the pupil 21 of the observer 20 imaged by the imaging device 31 is sent to the control device (control circuit) 18 and image processing is performed in the control device 18, and the amount of change in the position of the pupil 21 is changed. Under the control of the control device 18, the moving device 41 determines the optical axis of the image forming devices 111 and 211 and the optical axis of the first optical member 141 in the horizontal direction based on the amount of change in the position of the pupil 21 determined. Or, it is moved relatively in the vertical direction, or in the horizontal and vertical directions. By detecting the position of the pupil 21 of the observer 20 in this way, the image formed by the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 can be more reliably incident on the pupil 21 of the observer 20. That is, the image formed by the image forming apparatus can be reliably imaged on the retina of the observer.

It should be noted that the imaging device 31 may be disposed between the first optical member 141 and the second optical member 142 as shown in a conceptual diagram in FIG. In this case, the third optical member 32 can be omitted.

Except for the above points, the configuration and structure of the display device according to the third embodiment can be the same as the configuration and structure of the display device according to the first and second embodiments.

Example 4 is a modification of Example 1 to Example 3. As shown in a conceptual diagram in FIG. 10, in the image display apparatus 200 in the display apparatus according to the fourth embodiment, the image forming apparatus 211 includes an image forming apparatus having a second configuration.

Specifically, the image forming apparatus 211 includes a reflective spatial light modulator 250 and a light source 251 including a light emitting diode that emits white light. The entire image forming apparatus 211 is housed in a housing 213 (indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 10). The housing 213 is provided with an opening 256, and light is transmitted through the opening 256. Emitted. The opening 256 is located at the front focal point f _1F of the first optical member 141, plays a role of a diaphragm, and corresponds to an image emitting unit. The reflection type spatial light modulator 250 is a liquid crystal display (LCD) 253 composed of LCOS as a light valve, reflects part of the light from the light source 251 and leads it to the liquid crystal display 253, and the liquid crystal display A polarizing beam splitter 252 that passes a part of the light reflected by 253 and guides it to the first optical member 141, and a convex lens 255 are included. The liquid crystal display device 253 includes a plurality of (for example, 640 × 480) pixels (liquid crystal cells) arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. The polarization beam splitter 252 has a known configuration and structure. The unpolarized light emitted from the light source 251 collides with the polarization beam splitter 252. In the polarization beam splitter 252, the P-polarized component passes and is emitted out of the system. On the other hand, the S-polarized component is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 252, enters the liquid crystal display device 253, is reflected inside the liquid crystal display device 253, and is emitted from the liquid crystal display device 253. Here, among the light emitted from the liquid crystal display device 253, the light emitted from the pixel displaying “white” contains a lot of P-polarized components, and the light emitted from the pixel displaying “black” is S-polarized light. Contains many ingredients. Of the light emitted from the liquid crystal display device 253 and colliding with the polarization beam splitter 252, the P-polarized component passes through the polarization beam splitter 252 and is guided to the first optical member 141 through the convex lens 255 and the opening 256. . On the other hand, the S-polarized component is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 252 and returned to the light source 251.

Except for the above points, the configuration and structure of the display device according to the fourth embodiment can be the same as the configuration and structure of the display device according to the first to third embodiments.

Example 5 is also a modification of Example 1 to Example 3. In the image display device 300 in the display device of the fifth embodiment, the configuration of the first deflecting unit is different from that of the first embodiment. As shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. 11, in the display device of the fifth embodiment, the first deflecting means 133 is disposed on the light guide plate 121. Specifically, the first deflection unit 133 is disposed inside the light guide plate 121. The first deflecting unit 133 reflects the light incident on the light guide plate 121. That is, the first deflecting unit 133 functions as a reflecting mirror. More specifically, the first deflecting means 133 provided inside the light guide plate 121 is made of aluminum (Al) and is composed of a light reflecting film (a kind of mirror) that reflects light incident on the light guide plate 121. Has been. In the first deflecting means 133, the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 121 is reflected so that the parallel light incident on the light guide plate 121 is totally reflected inside the light guide plate 121.

The first deflecting means 133 cuts out the portion of the light guide plate 121 where the first deflecting means 133 is provided, thereby providing the light guide plate 121 with a slope on which the first deflecting means 133 is to be formed, and vacuum-depositing a light reflecting film on the slope. After that, the cut out portion of the light guide plate 121 may be bonded to the first deflecting means 133.

Except for the above points, the configuration and structure of the display device according to the fifth embodiment can be the same as the configuration and structure of the display device according to the first to third embodiments.

Example 6 is a modification of Example 5. As shown in a conceptual diagram in FIG. 12, in an image display apparatus 400 in the display apparatus of the sixth embodiment, an image forming apparatus 211 has the same configuration and structure as the image forming apparatus 211 in the display apparatus of the fourth embodiment. Further, the optical means 320 in the sixth embodiment has the same configuration and structure as the optical means 320 in the fifth embodiment. Except for the differences described above, the display device of the sixth embodiment has substantially the same configuration and structure as the display devices of the first to fifth embodiments, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Example 7 is also a modification of Example 1 to Example 3. A schematic view of the display device of Example 7 as viewed from above is shown in FIG. In FIG. 13, the camera 17 is not shown.

The image display device 500 of Example 7 is also
(B-1) Image forming apparatus 111,
(B-2) a first optical member (not shown in FIG. 13) on which light from the image forming apparatus 111 is incident;
(B-3) a second optical member 142 that causes light from the first optical member to enter the pupil 21 of the observer 20, and
(B-4) A moving device that relatively moves the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal and vertical directions (see FIG. 13). Not shown),
It has.

Each image forming apparatus 111 is attached to the front unit 11 using, for example, screws. The optical means 520 is attached to the image forming apparatus 111, and the second optical member 142 is attached to the surface of the optical means 520 opposite to the surface facing the observer. Unlike the first embodiment, the image display device 500 according to the seventh embodiment is not provided with the light guide plate, the first deflection unit, and the second deflection unit. The image forming apparatus 111 can be substantially the image forming apparatus 111 described in the first embodiment.

In the seventh embodiment, the light emitted from the light source 151 disposed in the housing 113 propagates through an optical fiber (not shown) and is attached to, for example, the portion 11 ′ of the frame 10 near the nose pad. The light incident on the means 153 and scanned by the scanning means 153 passes through the first optical member (not shown) and enters the second optical member 142 from the scanning means 153 corresponding to the image emitting portion. Alternatively, the light emitted from the light source 151 arranged in the housing 113 propagates through an optical fiber (not shown) and is attached above the portion of the frame 10 corresponding to each of both eyes, for example. The light incident on the scanning unit 153 and scanned by the scanning unit 153 passes through a first optical member (not shown) and enters the second optical member 142 from the scanning unit 153 corresponding to the image emitting unit. Alternatively, the light emitted from the light source 151 disposed in the housing 113 and incident on the scanning unit 153 disposed in the housing 113 and scanned by the scanning unit 153 is the scanning unit corresponding to the image emitting unit. From 153, the light passes through a first optical member (not shown) and enters the second optical member 142. Then, the light reflected and collected by the second optical member 142 formed of a hologram lens enters the observer's pupil.

The display device according to the seventh embodiment has substantially the same configuration and structure as the display devices according to the first to third embodiments except for the above differences, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The eighth embodiment is a modification of the first to seventh embodiments. In the eighth embodiment, the first optical member 141 that also serves as the moving device is configured by the liquid lens 44. Then, by the operation of the liquid lens 44, the optical axes of the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the optical axis of the first optical member 141 are relatively moved in the horizontal direction, for example. The liquid lens 44 is composed of a known liquid lens using an electrowetting phenomenon. By the operation of the liquid lens 44, the optical axis of the first optical member 141 can be moved in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction) with respect to the optical axes of the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211. As a result, the YZ plane and the incident angle of the parallel light emitted from the first optical member 141 and incident on the optical means 120 and 320 with respect to the optical means 120 and 320 change.

The principle of the liquid lens 44 will be described with reference to the principle diagrams of FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C, 15A, 15B, and 15C. 14A is a schematic cross-sectional view along arrow AA in FIG. 14B, and FIG. 14B is a schematic cross-sectional view along arrow BB in FIG. 14A (however, the first liquid 14C, FIG. 15A, FIG. 15B, and FIG. 15C are schematic cross-sectional views along the arrow CC in FIG. 14A. The shape of the liquid lens when cut along the xy plane is a schematic shape and is different from the actual shape.

A liquid lens (referred to as a “principal liquid lens” for convenience) includes a housing. This housing
First side member 51,
A second side member 52 facing the first side member 51,
A third side member 53 that connects one end of the first side member 51 and one end of the second side member 52;
A fourth side member 54 connecting the other end of the first side member 51 and the other end of the second side member 52;
A top plate 55 attached to the top surfaces of the first side member 51, the second side member 52, the third side member 53, and the fourth side member 54; and
A bottom plate 56 attached to the bottom surfaces of the first side member 51, the second side member 52, the third side member 53, and the fourth side member 54;
The lens chamber is constituted by this housing. The lens chamber is occupied by the first liquid 65 and the second liquid 66 that form a liquid lens as a cylindrical lens whose axis extends in the extending direction (z direction) of the first side member 51 and the second side member 52. Yes.

The first electrode 61 is provided on the inner surface of the top plate 55, the second electrode 62 is provided on the inner surface of the first side member 51, and the second electrode 62 is provided on the inner surface of the second side member 52. Three electrodes 63 are provided. Here, in the state shown in FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14C, no voltage is applied to the first electrode 61, the second electrode 62, and the third electrode 63.

From this state, when an appropriate voltage is applied to the first electrode 61, the second electrode 62, and the third electrode 63, the first liquid 65 and the second liquid 66 are brought into the state shown in FIG. 15A, FIG. 15B, or FIG. The state of the interface changes. Here, the state shown in FIG. 15A shows a state when the same voltage is applied to the second electrode 62 and the third electrode 63, and the shape of the liquid lens formed in the lens chamber when cut along the xy plane is Symmetric with respect to the optical axis OA. 15B and 15C show states when different voltages are applied to the second electrode 62 and the third electrode 63, and the shape when the liquid lens formed in the lens chamber is cut along the xy plane. Is asymmetric with respect to the optical axis OA. The potential difference between the second electrode 62 and the third electrode 63 is larger in the state shown in FIG. 15C than in the state shown in FIG. 15B. As shown in FIGS. 15B and 15C, the optical power of the liquid lens can be changed according to the potential difference between the second electrode 62 and the third electrode 63, and the optical axis OA (dotted line) of the liquid lens can be changed. Can be moved in the x direction. Alternatively, a plurality of liquid lenses shown in these principle diagrams are juxtaposed, and by appropriately controlling the voltage applied to the second electrode 62 and the third electrode 63 of each liquid lens, the optical axis of the entire liquid lens can be adjusted. It can be moved, the inclination of the optical axis of the entire liquid lens can be changed, and a Fresnel lens can be configured as the entire liquid lens.

16 and 17A, 17B, 17C, 18A, and 18B are schematic cross-sectional views of a practical liquid lens 44 in Example 8. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the ζξ plane, and FIGS. 17A, 17B, 17C, 18A, and 18B are schematic cross-sectional views along the ζη plane.

The liquid lens 44 is
(A) the first side member 51,
A second side member 52 facing the first side member 51,
A third side member 53 that connects one end of the first side member 51 and one end of the second side member 52;
A fourth side member 54 connecting the other end of the first side member 51 and the other end of the second side member 52;
A top plate 55 attached to the top surfaces of the first side member 51, the second side member 52, the third side member 53, and the fourth side member 54; and
A bottom plate 56 attached to the bottom surfaces of the first side member 51, the second side member 52, the third side member 53, and the fourth side member 54;
A housing 50 comprising:
(B) (M−1) partition wall members 57, each arranged in parallel between the first side member 51 and the second side member 52,
It has.

In the liquid lens 44 in the third embodiment, M (= 5) lens chambers 58 (58 ₁ , 58 ₂ , 58 ₃ , 58 ₄ , 58 ₅ ) are juxtaposed. Here, each lens chamber 58 (58 ₁ , 58 ₂ , 58 ₃ , 58 ₄ , 58 ₅ ) is a liquid lens as a cylindrical lens whose axis is parallel to the extending direction of the partition wall member 57 (ξ direction). It is occupied by the first liquid 65 and the second liquid 66 that constitute it.

First lens chamber 58 _1, the first side member 51, the third sidewall member 53, the first partition wall member 57, the fourth sidewall member 54, the top plate 55 and,, and a bottom plate 56. Then, part of the inner surface of the top plate 55 that defines the first lens chamber 58 _1, the first electrode 61 is provided, the first side member 51 that defines the first lens chamber 58 ₁ A second electrode 62 is provided on the inner surface of the part, and a third electrode 63 is provided on the inner surface of the part of the first partition wall member 57 constituting the _first lens chamber 581. .

The (m + 1) th lens chamber 58 _{(m + 1)} includes an mth (where m = 1, 2,..., M-2) partition wall member 57, a third side member 53, and an (m + 1) th lens chamber 58 _{(m + 1).} ) The first partition member 57, the fourth side member 54, the top plate 55, and the bottom plate 56. Then, part of the inner surface of the top plate 55 constituting the (m + 1) -th lens chamber 58 _{(m + 1),} has been first electrode 61 is provided, the (m + 1) -th lens chamber 58 _(m The second electrode 62 is provided on the inner surface of the m-th partition member 57 constituting ( ₊₁₎ , and the (m + 1) -th lens chamber 58 _{(m + 1)} constituting the (m + 1) -th lens chamber 58 _{(m + 1).} The third electrode 63 is provided on the inner surface of the part of the first partition member 57.

Further, the Mth lens chamber 58 _M (= 58 ₅ ) includes the (M−1) th partition member 57, the third side member 53, the second side member 52, the fourth side member 54, and the top plate. 55 and a bottom plate 56. A first electrode 61 is provided on the inner surface of the top plate 55 constituting the _Mth lens chamber 58 _M (= 58 ₅ ), and the Mth lens chamber 58 _M (= 58 _5). The second electrode 62 is provided on the inner surface of the (M−1) th partition wall member 57 constituting the second lens chamber 58 _M (= 58 ₅ ). A third electrode 63 is provided on the inner surface of the side member 52.

In the illustrated example, the first electrode 61 is provided for each lens chamber. However, one first electrode 61 may be provided on the inner surface of the top plate 55.

In the liquid lens 44 in the eighth embodiment, at least the surfaces of the first side surface member 51, the second side surface member 52, and the partition wall member 57 where the interface between the first liquid 65 and the second liquid 66 is located are provided. Has been subjected to water repellent treatment. The bottom surface of the partition member 57 extends to the bottom plate 56, and the top surface of the partition member 57 extends to the top plate 55. The outer shape of the housing 50 is a rectangular shape having a long side in the ξ direction and a short side in the ζ direction. Then, light is incident from the bottom plate 56 and light is emitted from the top plate 55.

The first liquid 65 and the second liquid 66 are insoluble and unmixed, and the interface between the first liquid 65 and the second liquid 66 forms a lens surface. Here, the first liquid 65 is conductive, the second liquid 66 is insulating, the first electrode 61 is in contact with the first liquid 65, and the second electrode 62 is the insulating film 64. The third electrode 63 is in contact with the first liquid 65 and the second liquid 66 through the insulating film 64. The top plate 55, the bottom plate 56, and the first electrode 61 are made of a material that is transparent to light incident on the liquid lens 44.

More specifically, the top plate 55, the bottom plate 56, the first side member 51, the second side member 52, the third side member 53, the fourth side member 54, and the partition member 57 are made of glass, acrylic resin, or the like. It is made from resin. The first liquid 65 having conductivity is made of an aqueous lithium chloride solution, has a density of 1.06 g / cm ³ , and a refractive index of 1.34. On the other hand, the second liquid 66 having an insulating property is made of silicone oil (TSF437 manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials Japan LLC), the density is 1.02 g / cm ³ , and the refractive index is 1.49. is there. The first electrode 61 is made of ITO, and the second electrode 62 and the third electrode 63 are made of metal electrodes such as gold, aluminum, copper, and silver. Furthermore, the insulating film 64 is made of a metal oxide such as polyparaxylene, tantalum oxide, or titanium oxide. A water repellent treatment layer (not shown) is provided on the insulating film 64. The water repellent treatment layer is made of polyparaxylylene or a fluorine-based polymer. It is preferable that the surface of the first electrode 61 is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment, and the inner surfaces of the third side member 53 and the fourth side member 54 are subjected to a water repellent treatment.

And in Example 8, in order to constitute the 1st optical member 141 which served as a moving device, two liquid lenses 44 shown in Drawing 16 are piled up. Specifically, the ζ direction of the lower liquid lens 44 and the ζ direction of the upper liquid lens 44 are orthogonal to each other so that the ζ direction of the lower liquid lens 44 is perpendicular to the ζ direction of the upper liquid lens 44. Overlay so that ξ direction is orthogonal. Then, for example, the two optical lenses 44 superimposed on each other so that the ζ direction of the lower liquid lens 44 is parallel to the X axis and the ξ direction is parallel to the Z axis are the first optical elements shown in FIG. The member 141 is disposed.

The first electrode 61, the second electrode 62, and the third electrode 63 are connected to an external control circuit via a connection portion (not shown), and have a configuration and structure to which a desired voltage is applied. Then, when a voltage is applied to the first electrode 61, the second electrode 62, and the third electrode 63, the lens surface formed by the interface between the first liquid 65 and the second liquid 66 is shown below in FIG. 17A. It changes from the convex state toward the upward convex state shown in FIG. 17B. The change state of the lens surface changes according to the voltage applied to the electrodes 61, 62, 63 based on the Lippman-Young equation. In the example shown in FIG. 17B, the same voltage is applied to the second electrode 62 and the third electrode 63. Therefore, the shape of the liquid lens formed in the lens chamber when cut along the ζη plane is symmetric with respect to the optical axis of the liquid lens. Such control may be performed on the upper liquid lens 44 of the two liquid lenses 44 that are overlapped.

The state shown in FIGS. 17C, 18A, and 18B shows a state when different voltages are applied to the second electrode 62 and the third electrode 63, but in the ζη plane of the liquid lens formed in the lens chamber. The shape when cut is asymmetric with respect to the optical axis of the liquid lens. Here, in the state shown in FIG. 17C, a Fresnel lens is configured as the liquid lens 44. Such control may be performed on the upper liquid lens 44 of the two liquid lenses 44 superimposed.

On the other hand, in the state shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B, the optical axis of the liquid lens is moved in the ζ direction. 18A or 18B, the traveling direction of the light emitted from the liquid lens 44 can be changed, or the inclination of the optical axis of the liquid lens 44 as a whole with respect to the ζ direction can be controlled. can do. That is, the optical axis of the liquid lens can be moved in the X-axis direction by performing such control on the lower liquid lens 44 of the two superimposed liquid lenses 44, or Further, the optical axis of the liquid lens can be tilted with respect to the Y-axis direction. Then, the optical power of the liquid lens can be changed according to the potential difference between the second electrode 62 and the third electrode 63. Here, in the state shown in FIG. 18A, the same voltage is applied to each second electrode 62, and the same voltage is applied to each third electrode 63. On the other hand, in the state shown in FIG. 18B, different voltages are applied to the second electrode 62 and the third electrode 63, and the liquid lens 44 as a whole constitutes a kind of Fresnel lens.

Note that when a voltage is applied to the first electrode 61, the second electrode 62, and the third electrode 63 and the cylindrical lens exhibits optical power, the cylindrical lens in the ηξ plane (or a plane parallel to the ηξ plane). Is substantially zero, and the optical power of the cylindrical lens in the ζη plane is a finite value. Here, the “optical axis as the entire liquid lens” refers to two virtual lenses (one lens as the entire liquid lens 44) obtained as the entire liquid lens 44 when the liquid lens 44 is cut in the ζη plane. It is a line connecting the centers of curvature of the virtual optical surface.

A configuration in which the second electrode 62 is connected to a common wiring, the third electrode 63 is connected to a common wiring, the same voltage is applied to each second electrode 62, and the same voltage is applied to each third electrode 63 It can be. Alternatively, the second electrode 62 may be connected to a common wiring, the third electrode 63 may be connected to an individual wiring, and different voltages may be applied individually, or the third electrode 63 may be connected to the common wiring. And the second electrode 62 can be connected to individual wirings to individually apply different voltages, or both the second electrode 62 and the third electrode 63 can be connected to individual wirings to be individually connected. It is also possible to apply a different voltage.

Example 9 is also a modification of Example 1 to Example 7. In the ninth embodiment, the moving device is composed of the liquid prism 45. Then, by the operation of the liquid prism 45, the optical axes of the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 and the optical axis of the first optical member 141 are relatively moved in the horizontal direction. The liquid prism 45 is composed of a well-known liquid prism using an electrowetting phenomenon. By the operation of the liquid prism 45, the optical axis of the first optical member 141 can be moved in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction) with respect to the optical axes of the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211. As a result, the YZ plane and the incident angle of the parallel light emitted from the first optical member 141 and incident on the optical means 120 and 320 with respect to the optical means 120 and 320 change.

As shown in a conceptual diagram in FIG. 19, the configuration and structure of the liquid prism 45 may be the same as the configuration and structure of the principle liquid lens shown in FIG. The difference from the general liquid lens is that the lens surface is not formed by the interface between the first liquid 65 and the second liquid 66 but a flat slope of the prism is formed. Can be achieved by appropriate selection of the first liquid 65 and the second liquid 66. Then, for example, between the scanning unit 153 and the first optical member 141 in the display device shown in FIG. 1, the liquid prism 45 is parallel to the X axis direction and the y direction is parallel to the Y axis direction. It may be arranged so that

The tenth embodiment is a modification of the first to ninth embodiments. A conceptual diagram of the image display device is shown in FIG. 20, a schematic view of the display device viewed from above is shown in FIG. 21, and a schematic view of the image display device seen from the side is shown in FIG. Thus, a light shielding member 601 is disposed or provided outside the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121 so as to cover the first deflecting means 131. Here, the orthogonal projection image of the first deflection unit 131 onto the light guide plate 121 is included in the orthogonal projection image of the light shielding member 601 onto the light guide plate 121.

Specifically, for example, in the area of the optical means 120, 320 where the light emitted from the image forming apparatuses 111A, 111B, 211 is incident, specifically, in the area where the first deflecting means 131 is provided, A light shielding member 601 is provided to shield external light from entering the means 120 and 320. Here, the projected image of the light shielding member 601 onto the optical means 120 and 320 includes the area of the optical means 120 and 320 into which the light emitted from the image forming apparatuses 111A, 111B, and 211 is incident. The light shielding member 601 is disposed apart from the optical units 120 and 320 on the opposite side of the optical units 120 and 320 from the side on which the image forming apparatuses 111A, 111B, and 211 are disposed. The light shielding member 601 is made of, for example, an opaque plastic material, and the light shielding member 601 extends integrally from the housings 113 and 213 of the image forming apparatuses 111A, 111B, and 211, or alternatively, the image forming apparatuses 111A and 111B. , 211, or extend integrally from the frame 10, or alternatively attached to the frame 10, or alternatively attached to the optical means 120 or 320. In the illustrated example, the light shielding member 601 extends integrally from the casings 113 and 213 of the image forming apparatuses 111A, 111B, and 211. As described above, the light shielding member 601 for shielding the external light from entering the optical means 120 and 320 is disposed in the region of the optical means 120 and 320 where the light emitted from the image forming apparatus is incident. Since external light does not enter the area of the optical units 120 and 320 to which the light emitted from the image forming apparatuses 111A, 111B, and 211 is incident, specifically, the first deflecting unit 131, undesired stray light or the like is generated. It does not occur and the image display quality in the display device is not deteriorated.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 23, the light shielding member 602 is disposed on the portion of the optical means 120, 320 opposite to the side on which the image forming apparatuses 111A, 111B, 211 are disposed. Specifically, the opaque member 602 can be formed by printing opaque ink on the optical means 120 and 320 (specifically, the transparent protective member 125 covering the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121). it can. The outer edge portion of the light guide plate 121 and the outer edge portion of the transparent protective member 125 are sealed or bonded by the sealing member 124. The light shielding member 601 and the light shielding member 602 can be combined.

Example 11 is a modification of Example 1 to Example 10. The conceptual diagram of the image display apparatus of Example 11 is shown in FIG. 24, the schematic diagram which looked at the display apparatus of Example 11 from upper direction is shown in FIG. 25, and the schematic diagram seen from the side is shown in FIG. FIG. 26B shows a schematic front view of the optical means and the light control device, FIG. 27A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the light control device, and FIG. 27B shows a schematic plan view of the light control device.

In Example 11, the light control device 700 is arranged on the second surface side of the light guide plate 121. The light control device 700 adjusts the amount of external light incident from the outside. The virtual image forming regions of the optical units 120 and 320 overlap the light control device 700, and when a virtual image is formed in a part of the virtual image formation region based on the light emitted from the image forming devices 111 and 211, the light control device. The light control device 700 is controlled such that the light shielding rate of the virtual image projection area 711 of the light control device 700 including the projection image of the virtual image onto the 700 becomes higher than the light shielding rate of the other region 712 of the light control device 700. The In the light control device 700, the position of the virtual image projection area 711 is not fixed, but changes depending on the position where the virtual image is formed, and the number of virtual image projection areas 711 is also the number of virtual images (or a series of virtual images). The number of groups, the number of blocked virtual image groups, etc.).

During the operation of the light control device 700, the light shielding rate of the other area 712 of the light control device 700 is “1” as the light shielding rate of the virtual image projection region of the light control device 700 including the projection image of the virtual image on the light control device 700. For example, it is 0.95 or less. Alternatively, the light shielding rate of other regions of the light control device 700 is, for example, 30% or less. On the other hand, during the operation of the light control device 700, the light shielding rate of the virtual image projection region 711 of the light control device 700 is set to 35% to 99%, for example, 80%. Thus, the light shielding rate of the virtual image projection area 711 may be constant or may be changed depending on the illuminance of the environment where the display device is placed, as will be described later.

In the eleventh embodiment or the twelfth to thirteenth embodiment to be described later, the amount of external light incident from the outside is adjusted on the side opposite to the side where the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 of the optical means 120 and 320 are disposed. A light control device 700, which is a kind of optical shutter, is provided. The transparent protective member 125 also serves as the first substrate 701 of the light control device 700, which can reduce the weight of the entire display device and may make the user of the display device feel uncomfortable. There is no. In addition, the second substrate 703 can be made thinner than the transparent protective member 125. The same applies to Examples 12 to 13. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the transparent protective member 125 and the first substrate 701 of the light control device 700 can be configured from different members. The size of the light control device 700 may be the same as that of the light guide plate 121, may be large, or may be small. In short, the virtual image forming region (second deflecting means 132) may be positioned in the projected image of the light control device 700. The light control device 700 is disposed in the region of the optical means 120 and 320 on the opposite side to the observer 20. That is, from the observer side, the optical means 120 and 320 and the light control device 700 are arranged in this order, but the light control device 700 and the optical means 120 and 320 may be arranged in this order. A connector (not shown) is attached to the light control device 700, and the light control device 700 is connected to a control circuit (specifically, the control device 18) for controlling the light shielding rate of the light control device 700 via this connector and wiring. Are electrically connected.

In the eleventh embodiment or the twelfth to thirteenth embodiment described later, the light control device 700 has a schematic cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 27A and a schematic plan view shown in FIG.
A first substrate 701,
A second substrate 703 facing the first substrate 701;
A first transparent electrode 702 provided on the facing surface of the first substrate 701 facing the second substrate 703;
A second transparent electrode 704 provided on the facing surface of the second substrate 703 facing the first substrate 701, and
A light control layer 705 sandwiched between the first transparent electrode 702 and the second transparent electrode 704,
Consists of. And
The first transparent electrode 702 is composed of a plurality of strip-shaped first transparent electrode segments 702A extending in the first direction,
The second transparent electrode 704 is composed of a plurality of strip-shaped second transparent electrode segments 704A extending in a second direction different from the first direction,
The control of the light shielding rate of the portion of the light control device corresponding to the overlapping region of the first transparent electrode segment 702A and the second transparent electrode segment 704A (minimum unit region 708 in which the light shielding rate of the light control device changes) is the first transparent electrode This is performed based on control of the voltage applied to the segment 702A and the second transparent electrode segment 704A. That is, the light shielding rate is controlled based on the simple matrix method. The first direction and the second direction are orthogonal to each other. Specifically, the first direction extends in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction), and the second direction extends in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). .

The second substrate 703 is made of a plastic material. The first transparent electrode 702 and the second transparent electrode 704 are made of a transparent electrode made of indium-tin composite oxide (ITO), and are formed based on a combination of a PVD method such as a sputtering method and a lift-off method. . Between the second transparent electrode 704 and the second substrate 703, a protective layer 706 made of a SiN layer, a SiO ₂ layer, an Al ₂ O ₃ layer, a TiO ₂ layer or a laminated film thereof is formed. By forming the protective layer 706, the light control device 700 can be provided with ion blocking properties, waterproof properties, moisture proof properties, and scratch resistances that prevent the passage of ions. In addition, the transparent protective member 125 (first substrate 701) and the second substrate 703 are made of an ultraviolet curable resin such as an ultraviolet curable epoxy resin, an epoxy resin cured by ultraviolet rays and heat, or a thermosetting resin at the outer edge portion. It is sealed with a sealing material 707 made of The 1st transparent electrode 702 and the 2nd transparent electrode 704 are connected to the control apparatus 18 via the connector and wiring which are not shown in figure.

The light shielding rate (light transmittance) of the light control device 700 can be controlled by the voltage applied to the first transparent electrode 702 and the second transparent electrode 704. Specifically, for example, when a voltage is applied to the second transparent electrode 704 with the first transparent electrode 702 grounded, the light blocking rate of the light control layer 705 changes. The potential difference between the first transparent electrode 702 and the second transparent electrode 704 may be controlled, or the voltage applied to the first transparent electrode 702 and the voltage applied to the second transparent electrode 704 may be controlled independently. Also good.

Note that when the number of pixels in the horizontal direction of the virtual image forming area (second deflecting unit 132) in the light control device 700 is M ₀ and the number of pixels in the vertical direction is N ₀ , the light shielding rate of the light control device 700 is the minimum that changes. The number M ₁ × N ₁ of unit areas 708 is, for example, M ₀ = M ₁ (ie, k = 1), N ₀ = when M ₁ / M ₀ = k and N ₁ / N ₀ = k ′. N ₁ (ie, k ′ = 1). However, it is not limited to this, 1.1 ≦ k, preferably 1.1 ≦ k ≦ 1.5, more preferably 1.15 ≦ k ≦ 1.3, 1.1 ≦ k ′, preferably 1.1 ≦ k ′ ≦ 1.5, more preferably 1.15 ≦ k ′ ≦ 1.3. The value of k and the value of k ′ may be the same or different. In the embodiment, k = k ′ = 1.

In the eleventh embodiment or the twelfth to thirteenth embodiment to be described later, the light control device 700 includes an optical shutter that applies a color change of a substance generated by an oxidation-reduction reaction of an electrochromic material. Specifically, the light control layer includes an electrochromic material. More specifically, the light control layer has a laminated structure of a WO ₃ layer 705A / Ta ₂ O ₅ layer 705B / Ir _X Sn _1-X O layer 705C from the second transparent electrode side. The WO ₃ layer 705A is reduced in color. Further, the Ta ₂ O ₅ layer 705B constitutes a solid electrolyte, and the Ir _x Sn _1-x O layer 705C is oxidized and colored.

In the Ir _X Sn _1-X O layer, Ir and H ₂ O react to exist as iridium hydroxide Ir (OH) _n . When a negative potential is applied to the second transparent electrode 704 and a positive potential is applied to the first transparent electrode 702, the proton H ⁺ moves from the Ir _X Sn _1-X O layer to the Ta ₂ O ₅ layer, the first transparent electrode Electron emission to 702 occurs, the next oxidation reaction proceeds, and the Ir _x Sn _1-x O layer is colored.
Ir (OH) _n → IrO _x (OH) _nX (coloring) + X · H ⁺ + X · e ⁻

On the other hand, Ta ₂ O ₅ layers in proton H ⁺ moves to the WO ₃ layer during the electron from the second transparent electrode 704 are injected into the WO ₃ layer, a WO ₃ layer, WO ₃ progressed following reduction reaction The layer is colored.
WO ₃ + X · H ⁺ + X · e ⁻ → H _X WO ₃ (coloring)

On the other hand, when a positive potential is applied to the second transparent electrode 704 and a negative potential is applied to the first transparent electrode 702, the reduction reaction proceeds in the opposite direction in the Ir _X Sn _1-X O layer, In the WO ₃ layer, the oxidation reaction proceeds in the opposite direction to the above and the color is erased. The Ta ₂ O ₅ layer contains H ₂ O and is ionized by applying a voltage to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, and includes proton H ⁺ and OH ⁻ ion states. Contributes to coloring and decoloring reactions.

Information and data relating to images to be displayed on the image display devices 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500, or signals to be received by the receiving device are recorded, stored, and stored in a so-called cloud computer or server, for example. When the device includes a communication means (transmission / reception device), for example, a mobile phone or a smartphone, or alternatively, by incorporating a communication means (reception device) in the control device (control circuit, control means) 18, via the communication means. Various information, data, and signals can be exchanged and exchanged between the cloud computer or server and the display device, and signals based on the various information and data, that is, the image display devices 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 can receive a signal for displaying an image, and the receiving device can receive the signal. It is possible to take only.

Specifically, when the observer inputs to the mobile phone or smartphone that the information to be obtained is requested, the mobile phone or smartphone accesses the cloud computer or server, and the information is stored in the cloud. Obtain from a computer or server. Thus, the control device 18 receives a signal for displaying an image in the image display devices 100, 200, 300, 400, 500. The control device 18 performs known image processing based on this signal, and displays “information” as an image on the image forming devices 111 and 211. This “information” image is displayed as a virtual image at a predetermined position controlled by the control device 18 based on the light emitted from the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 in the optical means 120 and 320. That is, a virtual image is formed in a part of the virtual image forming region (second deflecting unit 132).

When the light control device 700 is provided, the light shielding rate of the virtual image projection region 711 of the light control device 700 including the virtual image projection image on the light control device 700 is the same as that of the other region 712 of the light control device 700. The light control device 700 is controlled so as to be higher than the light blocking rate. Specifically, the voltage applied to the first transparent electrode 702 and the second transparent electrode 704 is controlled by the control device 18. Here, the size and position of the virtual image projection area 711 of the light control device 700 are determined based on signals for displaying images in the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211.

In some cases, a signal for displaying an image in the image display devices 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 may be stored in the display device (specifically, the control device 18).

Alternatively, an image captured by the camera 17 provided in the display device is transmitted to a cloud computer or server via communication means, and various information and data corresponding to the image captured by the camera 17 in the cloud computer or server are stored. The retrieved various information and data may be sent to the display device via the communication means, and the retrieved various information and data may be displayed on the image display device 100, 200, 300, 400, 500. . In addition, if such a form and the input of “information” are used in combination, for example, information such as the location of the observer and the direction in which the observer is facing can be weighted. , “Information” can be displayed on the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211.

A mode in which the light shielding rate of the virtual image projection region 711 of the light control device 700 is increased before a virtual image is formed on the optical units 120 and 320 based on the light emitted from the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 may be employed. . Examples of the time from when the light shielding rate of the virtual image projection area 711 of the light control device 700 is increased to when the virtual image is formed include 0.5 seconds to 30 seconds, but are not limited to this value. . In this way, the observer can know in advance at which position of the optical means and when the virtual image is formed, so that the observer's virtual image visibility can be improved. The light blocking rate of the virtual image projection region 711 of the light control device 700 can be configured to increase sequentially as time passes. That is, a so-called fade-in state can be achieved.

When no virtual image is formed, the light shielding rate of the entire light control device 700 may be set to the same value as the light shielding rate of other regions of the light control device 700. When the formation of the virtual image is completed and the virtual image disappears, the light shielding rate of the virtual image projection region 711 of the light control device 700 that includes the projection image of the virtual image on the light control device 700 is immediately determined. Although it may be set to the same value as the light blocking rate of the other region, it may be controlled so as to be the same value as the light blocking rate of the other regions of the light control device 700 over time (for example, in 3 seconds). That is, a so-called fade-out state can be achieved.

It is assumed that one virtual image is formed on the optical means 120 and 320 based on the light emitted from the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211, and then the next virtual image different from the one virtual image is formed. In this case, when the area of the virtual image projection region 711 of the light control device 700 corresponding to one virtual image is S ₁ and the area of the virtual image projection region 711 of the light control device 700 corresponding to the next virtual image is S ₂ ,
When S ₂ / S ₁ <0.8 or 1 <S ₂ / S ₁ , the virtual image projection region 711 of the light control device 700 in which the next virtual image is formed is the next virtual image to the light control device 700. A region of the light control device 700 that includes the projected image (see FIGS. 28A, 28B, and 28C);
In the case of 0.8 ≦ S ₂ / S ₁ ≦ 1, the virtual image projection area 711 of the light control device 700 in which the next virtual image is formed is a light control including a projection image of one virtual image on the light control device 700. It may be a form that is an area of the device 700. That is, in the formation of one virtual image to the next virtual image, when the area of the virtual image projection region is reduced by 0% to 20%, the virtual image projection region corresponding to the one virtual image may be held. (Ie, leave the state shown in FIG. 28A).

Further, as shown in FIG. 29, when a virtual rectangle 131A circumscribing the virtual image formed on the optical means 120, 320 is assumed, the virtual image projection area 711 of the light control device 700 is configured to be larger than the virtual rectangle 131A. be able to. In this case, the horizontal and vertical lengths of the virtual rectangle 131A circumscribing the virtual image formed on the optical means 120 and 320 are L _{1 -T} and L _{1 -L,} and the virtual image projection area of the light control device 700 When the shape of 711 is a rectangular shape with the lengths in the horizontal and vertical directions of L _2-T and L _2-L ,
1.0 ≦ L _2-T / L _1-T ≦ 1.5
1.0 ≦ L _2-L / L _1-L ≦ 1.5
Is preferably satisfied. FIG. 29 shows a state where “ABCD” is formed as a virtual image.

The light control device 700 may be always in an operating state, an operating / non-operating (on / off) state may be defined by an instruction (operation) of an observer, and is normally in an inactive state. The operation may be started based on a signal for displaying an image in the image display devices 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500. In order to define the operation / non-operation state according to the instruction (operation) of the observer, for example, the display device further includes a microphone, and the operation of the light control device 700 is controlled by voice input via the microphone. Just do it. Specifically, the operation / non-operation switching of the light control device 700 may be controlled by an instruction based on the observer's real voice. Alternatively, information to be obtained may be input by voice input. Alternatively, the display device further includes an infrared light incident / exit device, and the operation of the light control device 700 may be controlled by the infrared light incident / exit device. Specifically, it is only necessary to control the operation / non-operation switching of the light control device 700 by detecting the blink of the observer with an infrared incident / exit device.

As described above, in the display device according to the eleventh embodiment, when a virtual image is formed in a part of the virtual image forming region based on the light emitted from the image forming device, a projection image of the virtual image on the light control device is included. Since the light control device is controlled so that the light shielding rate of the virtual image projection area of the light control device is higher than the light shielding rate of other regions of the light control device, a high contrast can be given to the virtual image observed by the observer. In addition, since the high light-shielding rate area is not the entire light control device, only a narrow region such as the virtual image projection region of the light control device that includes the projection image of the virtual image on the light control device is the high light-shielding rate region. An observer who uses the apparatus can recognize the external environment reliably and safely.

The frame includes a front portion disposed in front of the observer, two temple portions rotatably attached to both ends of the front portion via hinges, and a nose pad; It can be set as the form arrange | positioned by the part. Further, the optical means can be configured to be attached to the light control device 700. The optical means may be attached to the light control device 700 in a close contact state, or may be attached to the light control device 700 in a state where a gap is opened. Furthermore, in these cases, as described above, the front portion has a rim; the light control device 700 may be fitted into the rim; or, alternatively, the light guide plate 121 (first substrate 701). And at least one of the 2nd board | substrates 703 can be made into the form currently fitted by the rim | limb, the light control apparatus 700 and the light guide plate 121 can be made into the form fitted by the rim | limb, and the light guide plate 121 can be made. It can be set as the form inserted in the rim.

The light control layer 705 can also be comprised from the optical shutter which consists of a liquid crystal display device. In this case, specifically, the light control layer 705 can be formed of a liquid crystal material layer made of, for example, a TN (twisted nematic) liquid crystal material or an STN (super twisted nematic) liquid crystal material. The first transparent electrode 702 and the second transparent electrode 704 are patterned, and the light shielding rate (light transmittance) of a part of the region 712 of the light control device 700 is changed to a state different from the light shielding rate of other regions. Can be made. Alternatively, one of the first transparent electrode 702 and the second transparent electrode 704 is a so-called solid electrode that is not patterned, the other is patterned, and the other is connected to the TFT. Then, the TFT controls the light shielding rate of the minimum unit region 708 in which the light shielding rate of the light control device 700 changes. That is, the light shielding rate may be controlled based on the active matrix method. It goes without saying that the light blocking rate control based on the active matrix method can be applied to the light control device 700 described in the eleventh embodiment or the twelfth to thirteenth embodiments described later.

In addition, an optical shutter that controls the light shielding rate (light transmittance) by an electrowetting phenomenon can also be used. Specifically, a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode are provided, and a space between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode is filled with an insulating first liquid and a conductive second liquid. The structure is as follows. Then, by applying a voltage between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, the shape of the interface formed by the first liquid and the second liquid changes from a flat shape to a curved state, for example. By doing so, the light shielding rate (light transmittance) can be controlled. Alternatively, an optical shutter using an electrodeposition method (electrodeposition / field deposition) based on an electrodeposition / dissociation phenomenon generated by a reversible oxidation-reduction reaction of a metal (for example, silver particles) can be used. Specifically, Ag ⁺ and I ⁻ are dissolved in an organic solvent, and by applying an appropriate voltage to the electrode, Ag ⁺ is reduced to precipitate Ag, so that the light shielding rate of the light control device is reduced. (Light transmittance) is lowered, while Ag is oxidized and dissolved as Ag ⁺ , thereby increasing the light shielding rate (light transmittance) of the light control device.

Depending on the case, the light passing through the light control device can be colored to a desired color by the light control device, and in this case, the color to be colored by the light control device can be made variable. Specifically, for example, a light control device colored in red, a light control device colored in green, and a light control device colored in blue may be stacked.

The light control device may be detachably disposed in the region where the light of the optical means is emitted. In this way, in order to detachably install the light control device, for example, the light control device is attached to the optical means using a screw made of transparent plastic, and the light transmittance of the light control device is controlled. For example, it may be connected to a control circuit (for example, included in the control device 18 for controlling the image forming apparatus) via a connector and wiring.

Example 12 is a modification of Example 11. FIG. 30A shows a schematic view of the display device of Example 12 as viewed from above. FIG. 30B shows a schematic diagram of a circuit that controls the environmental illuminance measurement sensor.

The display device of Example 12 further includes an environmental illuminance measurement sensor 721 that measures the illuminance of the environment in which the display device is placed. Based on the measurement result of the environmental illuminance measurement sensor 721, the light shielding rate of the light control device 700 is determined. Control. In addition, or independently, the brightness of the image formed by the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 is controlled based on the measurement result of the environmental illuminance measurement sensor 721. The ambient illuminance measurement sensor 721 having a known configuration and structure may be disposed at the outer end of the optical means 120 and 320 or the outer end of the light control device 700, for example. The environmental illuminance measurement sensor 721 is connected to the control device 18 via a connector and wiring (not shown). The control device 18 includes a circuit that controls the environmental illuminance measurement sensor 721. The circuit for controlling the environmental illuminance measurement sensor 721 receives a measurement value from the environmental illuminance measurement sensor 721, and an illuminance calculation circuit for obtaining illuminance, and a comparison calculation circuit for comparing the illuminance value obtained by the illuminance calculation circuit with a standard value. The ambient light intensity sensor control circuit controls the light control device 700 and / or the image forming devices 111 and 211 based on the values obtained by the comparison operation circuit. These circuits are configured from well-known circuits. can do. In the control of the light control device 700, the light blocking rate of the light control device 700 is controlled. On the other hand, in the control of the image forming devices 111 and 211, the images formed by the image forming devices 111 and 211 are controlled. Control brightness. Note that the control of the light blocking ratio in the light control device 700 and the control of the luminance of the image in the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 may be performed independently, or may be performed with correlation.

For example, when the measurement result of the environmental illuminance measurement sensor 721 becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined value (first illuminance measurement value), the light shielding rate of the light control device 700 is set to be equal to or higher than a predetermined value (first light shielding rate). On the other hand, when the measurement result of the environmental illuminance measurement sensor 721 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value (second illuminance measurement value), the light shielding rate of the light control device 700 is set to be equal to or smaller than the predetermined value (second light shielding rate). Here, 10 lux can be given as the first illuminance measurement value, any value from 99% to 70% can be given as the first light shielding rate, and 0 can be given as the second illuminance measurement value. 0.01 lux can be given, and the second light-shielding rate can be any value between 49% and 1%.

Note that the environmental illuminance measurement sensor 721 according to the twelfth embodiment can be applied to the display devices described in the first to tenth embodiments. When the display device includes the camera 17, the environmental illuminance measurement sensor 721 can also be configured from an exposure measurement light-receiving element provided in the camera 17.

In the display device of Example 12 or Example 13 described below, the light shielding rate of the light control device is controlled based on the measurement result of the environmental illuminance measurement sensor, and based on the measurement result of the environmental illuminance measurement sensor, Controls the brightness of the image formed by the image forming device, controls the light shielding rate of the light control device based on the measurement result of the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor, and forms the image based on the measurement result of the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor Since the brightness of the image formed by the device is controlled, not only can a high contrast be given to the virtual image observed by the observer, but also the observation state of the virtual image depends on the illuminance of the surrounding environment where the display device is placed. Optimization can be achieved.

Example 13 is also a modification of Example 11. FIG. 31A shows a schematic view of the display device of Example 13 as viewed from above. FIG. 31B shows a schematic diagram of a circuit that controls the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor.

The display device of Example 13 measures the illuminance based on the light transmitted through the light control device from the external environment, that is, measures whether the ambient light is adjusted to the desired illuminance after passing through the light control device. The transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722 is further provided, and the light shielding rate of the light control device 700 is controlled based on the measurement result of the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722. In addition, or independently, the brightness of the image formed by the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 is controlled based on the measurement result of the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722. The transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722 having a known configuration and structure is disposed closer to the observer than the optical means 120 and 320. Specifically, the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722 may be disposed, for example, on the inner side surfaces of the housings 113 and 213 or the viewer-side surface of the light guide plate 121. The transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722 is connected to the control device 18 via a connector and wiring (not shown). The control device 18 includes a circuit that controls the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722. The circuit that controls the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722 receives a measurement value from the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722, and an illuminance calculation circuit that calculates the illuminance, and a comparison calculation circuit that compares the illuminance value determined by the illuminance calculation circuit with a standard value. , And a transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor control circuit that controls the light control device 700 and / or the image forming devices 111 and 211 based on the values obtained by the comparison operation circuit. These circuits are configured from known circuits. can do. In the control of the light control device 700, the light blocking rate of the light control device 700 is controlled, and in the control of the image forming devices 111 and 211, the brightness of the images formed by the image forming devices 111 and 211 is controlled. Note that the control of the light blocking ratio in the light control device 700 and the control of the luminance of the image in the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 may be performed independently, or may be performed with correlation. Furthermore, when the measurement result of the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722 is not controlled to the desired illuminance in view of the illuminance of the environmental illuminance measurement sensor 721, that is, when the measurement result of the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722 is not the desired illuminance. Alternatively, when further finer illuminance adjustment is desired, the light shielding rate of the light control device may be adjusted while monitoring the value of the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722. At least two transmitted light illuminance measurement sensors may be arranged to measure the illuminance based on the light that has passed through the portion with the high light blocking ratio and measure the illuminance based on the light that has passed through the portion with the low light blocking ratio.

The transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722 according to the thirteenth embodiment can be applied to the display devices described in the first to tenth embodiments. Alternatively, the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722 according to the thirteenth embodiment may be combined with the environmental illuminance measurement sensor 721 according to the twelfth embodiment. In this case, various tests are performed to control the light shielding rate and image formation in the light control device 700. The control of the brightness of the images in the devices 111 and 211 may be performed independently or with correlation. By adjusting the voltage applied to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode in each of the right-eye dimmer and the left-eye dimmer, the light-shielding rate and the left in the right-eye dimmer are adjusted. It is possible to equalize the light shielding rate in the light control device for the eye. The potential difference between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode may be controlled, or the voltage applied to the first transparent electrode and the voltage applied to the second transparent electrode may be controlled independently. The light blocking rate in the right eye light control device and the light blocking rate in the left eye light control device can be controlled, for example, based on the measurement result of the transmitted light illuminance measurement sensor 722, or the observer can Observe the brightness of the light passing through the light control device and optical means for the right eye and the brightness of the light passed through the light control device and the optical means for the left eye, and the observer can switch, button, dial, slider It can also be controlled and adjusted manually by operating a knob or the like.

Although the present disclosure has been described based on the preferred embodiments, the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments. The configurations and structures of the display device (head-mounted display), the image display device, and the image forming device described in the embodiments are examples and can be changed as appropriate. The configurations and structures of the first optical member, the second optical member, the moving device, the liquid lens, and the liquid prism are also examples, and can be changed as appropriate. For example, a surface relief hologram (see US 20040062505A1) may be disposed on the light guide plate. The first deflecting means and the like can also be configured from a transmissive diffraction grating member. Alternatively, the diffraction grating member can be a reflective blazed diffraction grating member. The display device of the present disclosure can also be used as a stereoscopic display device. In this case, if necessary, a polarizing plate or a polarizing film may be detachably attached to the optical means, or a polarizing plate or a polarizing film may be attached to the optical means. Alternatively, the first first deflecting unit may be disposed on the first surface 122 of the light guide plate 121, and the second first deflecting unit may be disposed on the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121.

In the embodiment, the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 have been described as displaying a single-color (for example, green) image. However, the image forming apparatuses 111 and 211 can also display a color image. For example, what is necessary is just to comprise from the light source which radiate | emits each of red, green, and blue. Specifically, for example, red light, green light, and blue light emitted from each of a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, and a blue light emitting element are mixed using a light pipe, and white light is obtained by performing luminance equalization. It only has to be obtained.

In order to make the focal length of the second optical member variable, the second optical member 142 may be composed of a liquid lens. A schematic cross-sectional view of such a liquid lens is shown in FIG. 32, and a plan view is shown in FIG. 33. The liquid lens is composed of a Fresnel lens, and ring-shaped lens chambers are arranged concentrically.

That is, the liquid lens
(A) a so-called endless outer wall member 79 that does not have a terminal portion;
A top plate 75 attached to the top surface of the outer wall member 79, and
A bottom plate 76 attached to the bottom surface of the outer wall member 79;
A housing with
(B) (N−1) partition wall members 77 that do not have a terminal portion and are arranged concentrically with the outer wall member 79;
It has. The outer shape of the housing is circular. The center lens chamber is surrounded by (N−1) annular lens chambers and the (N−1) th partition member 77. Here, in the illustrated example, N = 3. Each lens chamber 78 (78 ₁ , 78 ₂ , 78 ₃ ) is occupied by the first liquid 65 and the second liquid 66 constituting the liquid lens.

The first lens chamber (annular lens chamber) 78 ₁ includes an outer wall member 79, a first partition member 77, a top plate 75, and a bottom plate 76. Then, part of the inner surface of the top plate 75 that defines the first lens chamber 78 _1, the first electrode 81 is provided, the portion of the outer wall member 79 that defines the first lens chamber 78 ₁ A second electrode 82 is provided on the inner surface, and a third electrode 83 is provided on the inner surface of the first partition member 77 constituting the _first lens chamber 781.

The (n + 1) th lens chamber (annular lens chamber) 78 _{(n + 1)} includes an nth (where n = 1, 2,..., N−2) partition wall member 77, an (n + 1) th lens chamber. It is comprised from the partition member 77, the top plate 75, and the bottom plate 76. FIG. A first electrode 81 is provided on the inner surface of the top plate 75 constituting the (n + 1) th lens chamber 78 _{(n + 1)} , and the (n + 1) th lens chamber 78 _(n The second electrode 82 is provided on the inner surface of the n-th partition member 77 constituting ( ₊₁₎ , and the (n + 1) -th lens chamber 78 _{(n + 1)} constituting the (n + 1) -th lens chamber 78 _{(n + 1)} is provided. The third electrode 83 is provided on the inner surface of the portion of the first partition member 77.

Part of the inner surface of the top plate 75 that defines the central lens chamber 78 ₃ corresponding to the N-th lens chamber 78 _N, the first electrode 81 is provided, the configuring the central lens chamber 78 ₃ (N -1) A third electrode 83 is provided on the inner surface of the part of the first partition member 77.

In the illustrated example, the first electrode 81 is provided for each lens chamber. However, a single first electrode 81 may be provided on the inner surface of the top plate 75.

In this liquid lens, at least the surfaces of the outer wall member 79 and the partition wall member 77 where the interface between the first liquid 65 and the second liquid 66 is positioned are subjected to water repellent treatment. Light is incident from the bottom plate 76 and light is emitted from the top plate 75. In each lens chamber 78 ₁ , 78 ₂ , 78 ₃ , the voltage applied to the second electrode 82 and the voltage applied to the third electrode 83 are made different to change the optical power of the liquid lens. Alternatively, in each of the lens chambers 78 ₁ , 78 ₂ , and 78 ₃ , the voltage applied to the second electrode 82 and the voltage applied to the third electrode 83 are made different to constitute a Fresnel lens as a whole liquid lens. .

In addition, this indication can also take the following structures.
[A01] << Display device: first aspect >>
(A) a frame attached to the observer's head, and
(B) an image display device attached to the frame;
A display device comprising:
The image display device
(B-1) Image forming apparatus,
(B-2) a first optical member on which light from the image forming apparatus is incident;
(B-3) a second optical member that makes light from the first optical member incident on the pupil of the observer, and
(B-4) a moving device that relatively moves the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
With
The image forming apparatus and the observer's pupil are in a conjugate relationship,
A display device in which a both-side telecentric system is configured by a first optical member and a second optical member.
[A02] << Display device: second aspect >>
(A) a frame attached to the observer's head, and
(B) an image display device attached to the frame;
A display device comprising:
The image display device
(B-1) Image forming apparatus,
(B-2) a first optical member on which light from the image forming apparatus is incident;
(B-3) a second optical member that makes light from the first optical member incident on the pupil of the observer, and
(B-4) a moving device that relatively moves the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
With
An image emitting portion from which an image is emitted from the image forming apparatus is located at the front focal point of the first optical member having positive optical power, and the observer is located at the rear focal point of the second optical member having positive optical power. A display device in which the pupil of the second optical member is positioned at the rear focal point of the first optical member.
[A03] The display device according to [A01] or [A02], further including optical means for attaching the second optical member.
[A04] The optical means includes a light guide plate, first deflecting means disposed on the light guide plate, and second deflecting means attached to the light guide plate.
The light from the first optical member is deflected by the first deflecting means, propagates through the light guide plate by total reflection, deflected by the second deflecting means, enters the second optical member, and exits from the second optical member. The display device according to [A03], which is incident on an observer's pupil.
[A05] << Display device: third aspect >>
(A) a frame attached to the observer's head, and
(B) an image display device attached to the frame;
A display device comprising:
The image display device
(B-1) Image forming apparatus,
(B-2) a first optical member on which light from the image forming apparatus is incident;
(B-3) a second optical member that makes light from the first optical member incident on the pupil of the observer, and
(B-4) a moving device that relatively moves the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
With
The image forming apparatus and the observer's pupil are in a conjugate relationship,
The image display device further includes optical means for attaching the second optical member,
The optical means comprises a light guide plate, a first deflecting means disposed on the light guide plate, and a second deflecting means attached to the light guide plate,
The light from the first optical member is deflected by the first deflecting means, propagates through the light guide plate by total reflection, deflected by the second deflecting means, enters the second optical member, and exits from the second optical member. And a display device that enters the observer's pupil.
[A06] The display device according to [A04] or [A05], wherein the first deflecting unit and the second deflecting unit are formed of a hologram diffraction grating.
[A07] The display device according to [A06], in which the second optical member includes a hologram lens.
[A08] The light guide plate has a first surface on which light from the first optical member is incident, and a second surface facing the first surface,
The first deflecting means is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate,
The second deflecting means is disposed on the first surface of the light guide plate,
The second optical member is the display device according to [A07], which is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate.
[A09] A first interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the first deflecting means,
A second interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the second deflection means,
The first interference fringe and the second interference fringe have the same lattice plane pitch and the same slant angle,
When the direction in which the axis of the light guide plate extends is the X direction and the thickness direction is the Y direction, the first deflecting means and the second deflecting means are arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to the axis in the Z direction [A08]. The display device described in 1.
[A10] The light guide plate has a first surface on which light from the first optical member is incident and a second surface facing the first surface,
The first deflecting means is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate,
The second deflecting means is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate,
The display device according to [A07], wherein the second optical member is disposed on the second deflecting unit.
[A11] A first interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the first deflection means,
A second interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the second deflection means,
The first interference fringe and the second interference fringe have the same lattice plane pitch and the same slant angle,
When the direction in which the axis of the light guide plate extends is the X direction, the thickness direction is the Y direction, and the first deflecting means and the second deflecting means are overlapped by translating the first deflecting means in the X direction, the first deflection The display device according to [A10], wherein the first interference fringes formed on the means and the second interference fringes formed on the second deflection means overlap.
[A12] The display device according to [A10] or [A11], in which the second deflecting unit includes an extending portion of the first deflecting unit.
[A13] A third optical member is disposed between the image forming apparatus and the first optical member, or between the first optical member and the second optical member, and is taken out by the third optical member. The display device according to any one of [A01] to [A12], further including an imaging device that captures an image of an observer's pupil.
[A14] The display device according to [A13], wherein the third optical member includes a half mirror.
[A15] Based on the position of the image of the pupil of the observer imaged by the imaging device, the moving device sets the optical axis of the image forming device and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or The display device according to [A13] or [A14], which is relatively moved in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
[A16] The display device according to any one of [A01] to [A15], wherein the first optical member and the second optical member have positive optical power.
[A17] The display device according to [A16], wherein the value of the positive optical power of the first optical member is larger than the value of the positive optical power of the second optical member.
[A18] The display apparatus according to any one of [A01] to [A17], wherein the image forming apparatus includes a light source and a scanning unit that scans light emitted from the light source to form an image.
[B01] << Method for adjusting display device >>
(A) a frame attached to the observer's head, and
(B) an image display device attached to the frame;
With
The image display device
(B-1) Image forming apparatus,
(B-2) a first optical member on which light from the image forming apparatus is incident;
(B-3) a second optical member that makes light from the first optical member incident on the pupil of the observer, and
(B-4) a moving device that relatively moves the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
A method for adjusting a display device comprising:
While the image formed by the image forming apparatus is incident on the observer's pupil via the first optical member and the second optical member, the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member are moved by the moving device. A method of adjusting a display device that optimizes the light intensity of an image incident on an observer's pupil by being moved.
[B02]
A method for adjusting a display device according to any one of [A01] to [A18],
While the image formed by the image forming apparatus is incident on the observer's pupil via the first optical member and the second optical member, the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member are moved by the moving device. A method of adjusting a display device that optimizes the light intensity of an image incident on an observer's pupil by being moved.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Frame, 10 '... Nose pad, 11 ... Front part, 11' ... Center part of front part, 12 ... Hinge, 13 ... Temple part, 14 ... Modern 15, wiring (signal line, power supply line, etc.), 16, headphone unit, 16 ′, wiring for headphone unit, 17, camera, 18, control device (control circuit, control) Means), 19 ... mounting member, 20 ... observer, 21 ... pupil, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ... image display device, 111, 111A, 111B, 211 ... image Forming device, 112 ... collimating optical system, 113, 213 ... casing, 120, 320, 520 ... optical means, 121 ... light guide plate, 122 ... first surface of light guide plate, 123 ... Second surface of light guide plate, 124 ... Sealing member, 25 ... Transparent protective member, 131, 133 ... First deflection means, 132 ... Second deflection means, 141 ... First optical member, 142 ... Second optical member, 151 ... Light source, 152 ... collimating optical system, 153 ... scanning means, 154 ... total reflection mirror, 250 ... reflective spatial light modulator, 251 ... light source, 252 ... polarization beam splitter, 253 ... Liquid crystal display (LCD), 255 ... Convex lens, 256 ... Opening, 30 ... Imaging device, 31 ... Third optical member (half mirror), 41 ... Moving device 42 ... Motor and pinion gear, 43 ... Guide for movement, 44 ... Liquid lens, 45 ... Liquid prism, 51 ... First side member, 52 ... Second side member 53 ... Third side member, 54 ... Fourth side member, 55 ... top plate, 56 ... bottom plate, 57 ... partition wall member, 61 ... first electrode, 62 ... second electrode, 63 ... third electrode, 64 ... Insulating film, 65 ... First liquid, 66 ... Second liquid, 75 ... Top plate, 76 ... Bottom plate, 77 ... Partition member, 78, 78 ₁ . 78 ₂ , 78 ₃ ... lens chamber, 79 ... outer wall member, 81 ... first electrode, 82 ... second electrode, 83 ... third electrode, 601, 602 ... light shielding member , 700: Light control device, 701: First substrate (also used as a transparent protective member), 702: First transparent electrode, 702A: First transparent electrode segment, 703: Second substrate , 704 ... second transparent electrode, 704A ... second transparent electrode segments, 705 ... light control layer, 705A ... WO ₃ layer, 705B ... Ta ₂ O ₅ layer, 705C ... Ir _X Sn _1-X O layer, 706... Protective layer, 707... Sealing material, 708... Minimum unit region in which the light shielding rate of the light control device changes, 711. ... Other areas of the light control device, 131A ... Virtual rectangle, 721 ... Environmental illuminance measurement sensor, 22 ... transmitted light illumination measuring sensor

Claims

(A) a frame attached to the observer's head, and
(B) an image display device attached to the frame;
A display device comprising:
The image display device
(B-1) Image forming apparatus,
(B-2) a first optical member on which light from the image forming apparatus is incident;
(B-3) a second optical member that makes light from the first optical member incident on the pupil of the observer, and
(B-4) a moving device that relatively moves the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
With
The image forming apparatus and the observer's pupil are in a conjugate relationship,
A display device in which a both-side telecentric system is configured by a first optical member and a second optical member.
(A) a frame attached to the observer's head, and
(B) an image display device attached to the frame;
A display device comprising:
The image display device
(B-1) Image forming apparatus,
(B-2) a first optical member on which light from the image forming apparatus is incident;
(B-3) a second optical member that makes light from the first optical member incident on the pupil of the observer, and
(B-4) a moving device that relatively moves the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
With
An image emitting portion from which an image is emitted from the image forming apparatus is located at the front focal point of the first optical member having positive optical power, and the observer is located at the rear focal point of the second optical member having positive optical power. A display device in which the pupil of the second optical member is positioned at the rear focal point of the first optical member.
3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the image display device further includes an optical unit for attaching the second optical member.
The optical means comprises a light guide plate, a first deflecting means disposed on the light guide plate, and a second deflecting means attached to the light guide plate,
The light from the first optical member is deflected by the first deflecting means, propagates through the light guide plate by total reflection, deflected by the second deflecting means, enters the second optical member, and exits from the second optical member. The display device according to claim 3, which is incident on an observer's pupil.
(A) a frame attached to the observer's head, and
(B) an image display device attached to the frame;
A display device comprising:
The image display device
(B-1) Image forming apparatus,
(B-2) a first optical member on which light from the image forming apparatus is incident;
(B-3) a second optical member that makes light from the first optical member incident on the pupil of the observer, and
(B-4) a moving device that relatively moves the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
With
The image forming apparatus and the observer's pupil are in a conjugate relationship,
The image display device further includes optical means for attaching the second optical member,
The optical means comprises a light guide plate, a first deflecting means disposed on the light guide plate, and a second deflecting means attached to the light guide plate,
The light from the first optical member is deflected by the first deflecting means, propagates through the light guide plate by total reflection, deflected by the second deflecting means, enters the second optical member, and exits from the second optical member. And a display device that enters the observer's pupil.
The display device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the first deflecting means and the second deflecting means comprise a hologram diffraction grating.
The display device according to claim 6, wherein the second optical member is a hologram lens.
The light guide plate has a first surface on which light from the first optical member is incident, and a second surface facing the first surface,
The first deflecting means is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate,
The second deflecting means is disposed on the first surface of the light guide plate,
The display device according to claim 7, wherein the second optical member is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate.
A first interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the first deflecting means,
A second interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the second deflection means,
The first interference fringe and the second interference fringe have the same lattice plane pitch and the same slant angle,
9. The first deflecting means and the second deflecting means are arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to an axis in the Z direction, where the direction in which the axis of the light guide plate extends is the X direction and the thickness direction is the Y direction. The display device described in 1.
The light guide plate has a first surface on which light from the first optical member is incident, and a second surface facing the first surface,
The first deflecting means is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate,
The second deflecting means is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate,
The display device according to claim 7, wherein the second optical member is disposed on the second deflecting unit.
A first interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the first deflecting means,
A second interference fringe is formed inside the hologram diffraction grating constituting the second deflection means,
The first interference fringe and the second interference fringe have the same lattice plane pitch and the same slant angle,
When the direction in which the axis of the light guide plate extends is the X direction, the thickness direction is the Y direction, and the first deflecting means and the second deflecting means are overlapped by translating the first deflecting means in the X direction, the first deflection The display device according to claim 10, wherein the first interference fringes formed on the means and the second interference fringes formed on the second deflection means overlap.
The display device according to claim 10, wherein the second deflecting unit is configured by an extending portion of the first deflecting unit.
A third optical member is disposed between the image forming apparatus and the first optical member, or between the first optical member and the second optical member, and an observer taken out by the third optical member. 6. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising an imaging device that captures an image of a pupil.
The display device according to claim 13, wherein the third optical member is a half mirror.
Based on the position of the image of the observer's pupil imaged by the imaging device, the moving device sets the optical axis of the image forming device and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal direction. The display device according to claim 13, wherein the display device is moved relatively in the vertical direction.
The display device according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the first optical member and the second optical member have positive optical power.
The display device according to claim 16, wherein the value of the positive optical power of the first optical member is larger than the value of the positive optical power of the second optical member.
6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the image forming apparatus includes a light source and a scanning unit that scans light emitted from the light source to form an image.
(A) a frame attached to the observer's head, and
(B) an image display device attached to the frame;
With
The image display device
(B-1) Image forming apparatus,
(B-2) a first optical member on which light from the image forming apparatus is incident;
(B-3) a second optical member that makes light from the first optical member incident on the pupil of the observer, and
(B-4) a moving device that relatively moves the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
A method for adjusting a display device comprising:
While the image formed by the image forming apparatus is incident on the observer's pupil via the first optical member and the second optical member, the optical axis of the image forming apparatus and the optical axis of the first optical member are moved by the moving device. A method of adjusting a display device that optimizes the light intensity of an image incident on an observer's pupil by being moved.