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WO2017009041A1 - Switching valve for a fuel injector, and fuel injector - Google Patents

Switching valve for a fuel injector, and fuel injector Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2017009041A1
WO2017009041A1 PCT/EP2016/065088 EP2016065088W WO2017009041A1 WO 2017009041 A1 WO2017009041 A1 WO 2017009041A1 EP 2016065088 W EP2016065088 W EP 2016065088W WO 2017009041 A1 WO2017009041 A1 WO 2017009041A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
armature
switching valve
sleeve
fuel injector
valve according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/065088
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Krause
Lars Olems
Tilman Miehle
Stephan Amelang
Thomas Nierychlo
Oezguer Tuerker
Axel Schnaufer
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to EP16732669.3A priority Critical patent/EP3322891B1/en
Priority to KR1020187004051A priority patent/KR102551023B1/en
Priority to CN201680040789.0A priority patent/CN107835896B/en
Publication of WO2017009041A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017009041A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0017—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0033—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0043—Two-way valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0073—Pressure balanced valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0078—Valve member details, e.g. special shape, hollow or fuel passages in the valve member
    • F02M63/008—Hollow valve members, e.g. members internally guided
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for reducing wear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/04—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for avoiding effect of cavitation, e.g. erosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/80—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly
    • F02M2200/8046—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly the manufacture involving injection moulding, e.g. of plastic or metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9007—Ceramic materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching valve for a fuel injector with the features of the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a fuel injector, in particular a common rail fuel injector, with such a switching valve.
  • a switching valve of the aforementioned type is used to control the lifting movement of a nozzle needle.
  • the nozzle needle loading hydraulic pressure is raised or lowered in a control room, so that when the pressure is increased, the nozzle needle is acted upon in the closing direction by a hydraulic closing force and relieved at reduced pressure.
  • the nozzle needle opens, d. H. it releases at least one injection port, via which the injection then takes place.
  • German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2011 077 179 A1 discloses a solenoid valve for a fuel injection valve of an air-compressing, self-igniting internal combustion engine which comprises an armature composed of an armature plate and an armature shaft.
  • the magnetic circuit of a magnetic actuator of the solenoid valve is closed via the armature plate.
  • priority is given to its magnetic properties.
  • a magnetic material for example iron and / or silicon and / or phosphorus, is selected for the armature.
  • the armature shaft of the armature has several functions. First, the anchor is guided along the length of the armature shaft. Second, a lower portion of the armature shaft closes the solenoid valve.
  • the material of the anchor shaft must therefore in particular a high wear and impact resistance exhibit.
  • a material with a high carbide content is proposed.
  • ceramics, hard metals or cermets should be used as a material. In order to ensure a firm bond, the anchor plate and the anchor shaft are firmly bonded together.
  • the present invention has the object to provide a switching valve for a fuel injector, which has an increased robustness, in particular with regard to thermal influences, and therefore a higher reliability.
  • the switching valve is proposed with the features of claim 1.
  • Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
  • a fuel injector in particular a common rail fuel injector, is specified with such a switching valve.
  • the proposed switching valve comprises a liftable armature, which is penetrated by an axial bore for receiving and guiding a relative to the armature movable anchor bolt.
  • the armature is wholly or partially made of a metal-ceramic composite material "Metal Matrix Composite", MMC) and / or has a sleeve of a ceramic material which delimits the axial bore at least in sections Material is included, which increases the wear resistance of the armature.
  • the armature is wholly or partially made of a metal-ceramic composite material, at least the region of the receiving and guiding of the anchor bolt serving area is made of such a composite material. Because in this area, both the anchor and the anchor bolt are particularly stressed to wear.
  • a ceramic sleeve can be used to guide the anchor bolt.
  • ceramic materials have a comparatively low thermal conductivity.
  • the advantages mentioned above occur most clearly when using a ceramic sleeve in the guide region of the armature.
  • the use of a metal-ceramic composite has the advantage of simplifying the manufacture of the anchor.
  • the metal and ceramic components in the composite material are to be chosen such that it has sufficient magnetic properties and at the same time a low thermal conductivity.
  • the ceramic sleeve extends to at least one end face of the armature.
  • the sleeve is guided over the entire axial extent of the armature. That is, the axial bore serving to guide the anchor bolt is completely lined by the sleeve. In this way, a particularly effective thermal separation is effected.
  • at least one end face of the ceramic sleeve can be used as a stop and / or sealing surface, which in turn has a reducing effect on the wear.
  • the armature or the sleeve forms a sealing contour which cooperates sealingly with a valve seat of the switching valve.
  • a separate valve closing element is thus dispensable, which simplifies the construction of the switching valve.
  • the armature forms the sealing contour, it is preferably formed on a shaft-like section of the armature, which furthermore preferably is formed of a metal-ceramic composite material.
  • the sleeve forms the sealing contour, it is preferably realized on a collar portion of the sleeve in order to increase the wear resistance of the armature and the valve piece in the region of the sealing contour.
  • a powder injection molding process (“powder injection molding", PIM) is proposed. If a ceramic sleeve is provided, this is preferably fixed, in particular a material fit, connected to the armature. The cohesive connection can be done in the manufacture of the armature and the sleeve in the powder injection molding process. The anchor and the sleeve must then not be added later, so that this step can be omitted. This has a favorable effect on the production costs.
  • the material of the anchor and the material of the sleeve - if one is provided - have substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion. This measure helps to avoid thermally induced stresses in the armature.
  • Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) is preferably used as the ceramic material. Because
  • Zirconia has substantially the same thermal expansion coefficient as steel.
  • the ceramic material of the sleeve is therefore likewise preferably zirconium oxide or at least zirconium oxide is contained in the ceramic material of the sleeve.
  • the thermal conductivity of zirconium oxide is about 2 to 3 W / mK and is thus significantly below that of steel (about 40 to 60 W / mK), so that this material is ideal for forming a thermal separation between the anchor and the anchor bolt.
  • armature surrounding the sleeve With regard to the required magnetic properties of the armature surrounding the sleeve, it is proposed that this be wholly or partly made of a ferromagnetic material, in particular of an iron-cobalt alloy. The focus in this case is clearly on the magnetic properties of the armature, while the wear resistance is ensured by the ceramic sleeve.
  • a fuel injector for a fuel injection system in particular a common rail injection system, proposed with a switching valve according to the invention for controlling the injections. Since the switching valve according to the invention is particularly insensitive to temperature, not only increases the reliability of the switching valve, but also that of the fuel injector. The injections can thus be precisely controlled.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section through an inserted into a fuel injector inventive switching valve according to a first preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic longitudinal section through an inventive switching valve used according to a second preferred embodiment, which is inserted into a fuel injector.
  • the switching valve shown in FIG. 1 comprises a flat armature formed anchor 1 with a plate-shaped portion 11 and a shaft-like portion 9.
  • the shaft-like portion 9 has an end face 5, which forms a cooperating with a valve seat 7 of the switching valve sealing contour 8.
  • the anchor 1 is penetrated by an axial bore 3.
  • the guide portion of the armature 1 is subjected to high mechanical stress during operation of the switching valve. It is therefore necessary to increase the mechanical strength of the armature 1 at least in the region of the guide. In addition, 12 high temperatures can develop in the guide gap, which in turn can have an influence on the stroke of the armature 1.
  • the armature 1 of the switching valve of FIG. 1 has a ceramic sleeve 4 delimiting the axial bore 3, which is materially connected to the anchor 1.
  • the ceramic sleeve 4 not only increases the wear resistance of the armature 1 in the guide region, but also its temperature insensitivity. Because of the ceramic material of the sleeve 4 causes due to its comparatively low thermal conductivity, a thermal separation of the armature 1 from the anchor bolt 2, so that the temperature coefficient of the armature stroke is significantly reduced.
  • the ceramic material in the form of the sleeve 4 is restricted to the guide region, high magnetic forces can continue to be achieved.
  • the armature 1 can be made of a ferromagnetic material, for example of an iron-cobalt alloy.
  • this can otherwise be formed from a metal-ceramic composite material, provided that this material has satisfactory magnetic properties.
  • a sleeve 4 is dispensable.
  • 2 is a modification of the switching valve of FIG. 1 can be seen.
  • the modification consists in a modified embodiment of the sleeve 4.
  • For this is guided to the end face 5 of the shaft-like portion 9 of the armature 1 and has a collar portion 10, which now forms the cooperating with the valve seat 7 sealing contour 8.
  • the high wear resistance of the ceramic material of the sleeve 4 thus also comes into play in the region of the sealing seat.
  • the switching valve of FIG. 2 corresponds to that of FIG. 1.
  • the switching valves shown in Figs. 1 and 2 operate as follows: If a arranged above the armature 1, annular magnet coil 13 is energized, forms a magnetic field whose magnetic force moves the armature 1 up until it with an end face 6 at a Polelasticity 14 strikes. The armature 1 lifts off from the valve seat 7 and the switching valve opens. To close the switching valve, the energization of the solenoid 13 is terminated, so that the spring force of a Ankerfe- 15, which is supported abg indirectly via an adjusting ring 16 on the end face 6 of the armature 1, the armature 1 is returned to the valve seat 7 and closes the switching valve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a switching valve for a fuel injector, in particular a common-rail fuel injector, said valve comprising a reciprocating armature (1) which is penetrated by an axial bore (3) in order to accommodate and guide an armature pin (2) that can be moved relative to the armature (1). According to the invention, the armature (1) is manufactured completely or partially from a metal-ceramic composite material and/or has a sleeve (4) consisting of a ceramic material, said sleeve at least partially delimiting the axial bore (3). The invention further relates to a fuel injector comprising a switching valve of this type.

Description

Beschreibung Titel  Description title
Schaltventil für einen Kraftstoffinjektor sowie Kraftstoffinjektor  Switching valve for a fuel injector and fuel injector
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schaltventil für einen Kraftstoffinjektor mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung einen Kraftstoffinjektor, insbesondere einen Common- Rail- Kraftstoffinjektor, mit einem solchen Schaltventil. The invention relates to a switching valve for a fuel injector with the features of the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a fuel injector, in particular a common rail fuel injector, with such a switching valve.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Ein Schaltventil der vorstehend genannten Art dient der Steuerung der Hubbewegung einer Düsennadel. In Abhängigkeit von der Schaltstellung des Schaltventils wird ein die Düsennadel belastender hydraulischer Druck in einem Steuerraum angehoben oder abgesenkt, so dass bei angehobenem Druck die Düsennadel in Schließrichtung von einer hydraulischen Schließkraft beaufschlagt und bei abgesenktem Druck entlastet wird. Bei einer Entlastung öffnet die Düsennadel, d. h. sie gibt mindestens eine Einspritzöffnung frei, über welche dann die Einspritzung erfolgt. A switching valve of the aforementioned type is used to control the lifting movement of a nozzle needle. Depending on the switching position of the switching valve, the nozzle needle loading hydraulic pressure is raised or lowered in a control room, so that when the pressure is increased, the nozzle needle is acted upon in the closing direction by a hydraulic closing force and relieved at reduced pressure. When relief is applied, the nozzle needle opens, d. H. it releases at least one injection port, via which the injection then takes place.
Aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2011 077 179 AI ist ein Magnetventil für ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil einer luftverdichtenden, selbstzündenden Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, das einen aus einer Ankerplatte und einem Ankerschaft zusammengesetzten Anker umfasst. Über die Ankerplatte wird der Magnetkreis eines Magnetaktors des Magnetventils geschlossen. Bei der Auswahl des Werkstoffs der Ankerplatte werden daher vorrangig Anforderungen an seine magnetischen Eigenschaften gestellt. Für den Anker wird entsprechend ein magnetischer Werkstoff, beispielsweise Eisen und/oder Silizium und/oder Phosphor gewählt. Der Ankerschaft des Ankers besitzt mehrere Funktionen. Erstens wird der Anker über die Länge des Ankerschafts geführt. Zweitens schließt ein unterer Abschnitt des Ankerschafts das Magnetventil. Der Werkstoff des Ankerschafts muss demnach insbesondere eine hohe Verschleiß- und Schlagfestigkeit aufweisen. Für den Ankerschaft wird daher ein Werkstoff mit einem hohen Carbidanteil vorgeschlagen. Alternativ sollen Keramiken, Hartmetalle oder Cermets als Werkstoff verwendet werden können. Um einen festen Verbund zu gewährleisten, sind die Ankerplatte und der Ankerschaft stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden. German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2011 077 179 A1 discloses a solenoid valve for a fuel injection valve of an air-compressing, self-igniting internal combustion engine which comprises an armature composed of an armature plate and an armature shaft. The magnetic circuit of a magnetic actuator of the solenoid valve is closed via the armature plate. When selecting the material of the anchor plate, therefore, priority is given to its magnetic properties. Correspondingly, a magnetic material, for example iron and / or silicon and / or phosphorus, is selected for the armature. The armature shaft of the armature has several functions. First, the anchor is guided along the length of the armature shaft. Second, a lower portion of the armature shaft closes the solenoid valve. The material of the anchor shaft must therefore in particular a high wear and impact resistance exhibit. For the anchor shaft therefore a material with a high carbide content is proposed. Alternatively, ceramics, hard metals or cermets should be used as a material. In order to ensure a firm bond, the anchor plate and the anchor shaft are firmly bonded together.
Ausgehend von dem vorstehend genannten Stand der Technik liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Schaltventil für einen Kraftstoffinjektor anzugeben, das eine gesteigerte Robustheit, insbesondere im Hinblick auf thermische Einflüsse, und daher eine höhere Funktionssicherheit besitzt. Based on the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention has the object to provide a switching valve for a fuel injector, which has an increased robustness, in particular with regard to thermal influences, and therefore a higher reliability.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird das Schaltventil mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen. Ferner wird ein Kraftstoffinjektor, insbesondere ein Common-Rail- Kraftstoffinjektor, mit einem solchen Schaltventil angegeben. To solve the problem, the switching valve is proposed with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims. Furthermore, a fuel injector, in particular a common rail fuel injector, is specified with such a switching valve.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Das vorgeschlagene Schaltventil umfasst einen hubbeweglichen Anker, der zur Aufnahme und Führung eines relativ zum Anker beweglichen Ankerbolzens von einer Axialbohrung durchsetzt ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist der Anker ganz oder teilweise aus einem Metall-Keramik-Verbundwerkstoff C.Metal Matrix Composite", MMC) gefertigt und/oder weist eine die Axialbohrung zumindest abschnittsweise begrenzende Hülse aus einem keramischen Werkstoff auf. Das heißt, dass in jedem Fall ein keramischer Werkstoff enthalten ist, der die Verschleißfestigkeit des Ankers erhöht. The proposed switching valve comprises a liftable armature, which is penetrated by an axial bore for receiving and guiding a relative to the armature movable anchor bolt. According to the invention, the armature is wholly or partially made of a metal-ceramic composite material "Metal Matrix Composite", MMC) and / or has a sleeve of a ceramic material which delimits the axial bore at least in sections Material is included, which increases the wear resistance of the armature.
Wird der Anker ganz oder teilweise aus einem Metall- Keramik- Verbundwerkstoff gefertigt, ist zumindest der der Aufnahme und Führung des Ankerbolzens dienende Bereich aus einem solchen Verbundwerkstoff hergestellt. Denn in diesem Bereich werden sowohl der Anker als auch der Ankerbolzen besonders stark auf Verschleiß beansprucht. If the armature is wholly or partially made of a metal-ceramic composite material, at least the region of the receiving and guiding of the anchor bolt serving area is made of such a composite material. Because in this area, both the anchor and the anchor bolt are particularly stressed to wear.
Alternativ oder ergänzend kann eine keramische Hülse zur Führung des Ankerbolzens eingesetzt werden. Darüber hinaus weisen keramische Werkstoffe eine vergleichsweise geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf. Durch die Anordnung des Metall- Keramik- Verbundwerkstoffs bzw. des keramischen Werkstoffs im Bereich der Führung des Ankerbolzens im Anker wird demnach eine Art thermische Trennung zwischen dem Anker und dem Ankerbolzen erreicht, die den Anker vor den regelmäßig im Bereich der Führung auftretenden hohen Temperaturen schützt. Dies hat zur Folge, dass der Temperaturgang des Schaltventils geringer ist. Insbesondere wird der Ankerhub thermischen Einflüssen entzogen, so dass mit der Genauigkeit des Ankerhubs auch die Funktionssicherheit steigt. Alternatively or additionally, a ceramic sleeve can be used to guide the anchor bolt. In addition, ceramic materials have a comparatively low thermal conductivity. By arranging the metal-ceramic composite material or the ceramic material in the region of the guide of the anchor bolt in the anchor, a kind of thermal separation between the armature and the anchor bolt is thus achieved, which protects the armature against the high temperatures that regularly occur in the region of the guide , This has the consequence that the temperature coefficient of the switching valve is lower. In particular, the armature stroke is removed from thermal influences, so that the reliability increases with the accuracy of the armature stroke.
Die bereits erwähnte hohe Verschleißfestigkeit keramischer Werkstoffe hat ferner den Effekt, dass die Widerstandsfähigkeit des Ankers gegen Kavitationserosion und/oder Korrosion steigt. Eine heute oft eingesetzte Beschichtung des Ankerbolzens gegen Ankerbolzenverschleiß ist somit verzichtbar. The already mentioned high wear resistance of ceramic materials also has the effect that the resistance of the armature against cavitation erosion and / or corrosion increases. A today often used coating of the anchor bolt against anchor bolt wear is therefore unnecessary.
Die vorstehend genannten Vorteile treten bei Einsatz einer keramischen Hülse im Führungsbereich des Ankers am deutlichsten zum Vorschein. Die Verwendung eines Metall-Keramik-Verbundwerkstoffs besitzt jedoch den Vorteil der einfacheren Herstellung des Ankers. Die Metall- und Keramikanteile im Verbundwerkstoff sind derart zu wählen, dass er ausreichende magnetische Eigenschaften und zugleich eine geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist. The advantages mentioned above occur most clearly when using a ceramic sleeve in the guide region of the armature. However, the use of a metal-ceramic composite has the advantage of simplifying the manufacture of the anchor. The metal and ceramic components in the composite material are to be chosen such that it has sufficient magnetic properties and at the same time a low thermal conductivity.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung erstreckt sich die keramische Hülse bis zu mindestens einer Stirnfläche des Ankers. Vorzugsweise ist die Hülse über die gesamte axiale Erstreckung des Ankers geführt. Das heißt, dass die der Führung des Ankerbolzens dienende Axialbohrung vollständig von der Hülse ausgekleidet wird. Auf diese Weise wird eine besonders effektive thermische Trennung bewirkt. Zugleich kann mindestens eine Stirnfläche der keramischen Hülse als Anschlag- und/oder Dichtfläche genutzt werden, was sich wiederum den Verschleiß reduzierend auswirkt. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ceramic sleeve extends to at least one end face of the armature. Preferably, the sleeve is guided over the entire axial extent of the armature. That is, the axial bore serving to guide the anchor bolt is completely lined by the sleeve. In this way, a particularly effective thermal separation is effected. At the same time, at least one end face of the ceramic sleeve can be used as a stop and / or sealing surface, which in turn has a reducing effect on the wear.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Anker oder die Hülse eine mit einem Ventilsitz des Schaltventils dichtend zusammenwirkende Dichtkontur ausbildet. Ein separates Ventilschließelement ist somit verzichtbar, wodurch sich der Aufbau des Schaltventils vereinfacht. Bildet der Anker die Dichtkontur aus, ist sie vorzugsweise an einem schaftartigen Abschnitt des Ankers ausgebildet, der weiterhin vorzugsweise aus einem Metall- Keramik- Verbundwerkstoff gebildet ist. Sofern die Hülse die Dichtkontur ausbildet, ist sie vorzugsweise an einem Bundabschnitt der Hülse realisiert, um auch im Bereich der Dichtkontur die Verschleißfestigkeit des Ankers und des Ventilstücks zu erhöhen. In a further development of the invention, it is proposed that the armature or the sleeve forms a sealing contour which cooperates sealingly with a valve seat of the switching valve. A separate valve closing element is thus dispensable, which simplifies the construction of the switching valve. If the armature forms the sealing contour, it is preferably formed on a shaft-like section of the armature, which furthermore preferably is formed of a metal-ceramic composite material. If the sleeve forms the sealing contour, it is preferably realized on a collar portion of the sleeve in order to increase the wear resistance of the armature and the valve piece in the region of the sealing contour.
Zur Herstellung des Ankers und/oder der Hülse wird ein Pulver-Spritzgussverfahren ("Powder Injection Molding", PIM) vorgeschlagen. Sofern eine keramische Hülse vorgesehen ist, ist diese bevorzugt fest, insbesondere stoffschlüssig, mit dem Anker verbunden. Die stoffschlüssige Verbindung kann bei der Herstellung des Ankers und der Hülse im Pulver-Spritzgussverfahren erfolgen. Der Anker und die Hülse müssen dann nicht nachträglich gefügt werden, so dass dieser Arbeitsschritt entfallen kann. Dies wirkt sich günstig auf die Herstellungskosten aus. To produce the armature and / or the sleeve, a powder injection molding process ("powder injection molding", PIM) is proposed. If a ceramic sleeve is provided, this is preferably fixed, in particular a material fit, connected to the armature. The cohesive connection can be done in the manufacture of the armature and the sleeve in the powder injection molding process. The anchor and the sleeve must then not be added later, so that this step can be omitted. This has a favorable effect on the production costs.
Vorteilhafterweise besitzen der Werkstoff des Ankers und der Werkstoff der Hülse - sofern eine solche vorgesehen ist - im Wesentlichen den gleichen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten. Diese Maßnahme hilft thermisch bedingte Spannungen im Anker zu vermeiden. Advantageously, the material of the anchor and the material of the sleeve - if one is provided - have substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion. This measure helps to avoid thermally induced stresses in the armature.
Bevorzugt wird Zirkonoxid (Zr02) als keramischer Werkstoff verwendet. Denn Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) is preferably used as the ceramic material. Because
Zirkonoxid besitzt im Wesentlichen den gleichen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten wie beispielsweise Stahl. Bei dem keramischen Werkstoff der Hülse handelt es sich demnach ebenfalls bevorzugt um Zirkonoxid oder es ist zumindest Zirkonoxid im keramischen Werkstoff der Hülse enthalten. Zirconia has substantially the same thermal expansion coefficient as steel. The ceramic material of the sleeve is therefore likewise preferably zirconium oxide or at least zirconium oxide is contained in the ceramic material of the sleeve.
Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Zirkonoxid liegt bei etwa 2 bis 3 W/mK und liegt somit deutlich unter der von Stahl (etwa 40 bis 60 W/mK), so dass sich dieses Material ideal zur Ausbildung einer thermischen Trennung zwischen dem Anker und dem Ankerbolzen eignet. The thermal conductivity of zirconium oxide is about 2 to 3 W / mK and is thus significantly below that of steel (about 40 to 60 W / mK), so that this material is ideal for forming a thermal separation between the anchor and the anchor bolt.
Im Hinblick auf die geforderten magnetischen Eigenschaften des die Hülse umgebenden Ankers, wird vorgeschlagen, dass dieser ganz oder teilweise aus einem ferromag- netischen Werkstoff, insbesondere aus einer Eisen-Kobalt-Legierung, gefertigt ist. Der Fokus liegt in diesem Fall eindeutig auf den magnetischen Eigenschaften des Ankers, während die Verschleißfestigkeit durch die keramische Hülse gewährleistet wird. Darüber hinaus wird ein Kraftstoffinjektor für ein Kraftstoffe inspritzsystem, insbesondere ein Common- Rail-Einspritzsystem, mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Schaltventil zur Steuerung der Einspritzungen vorgeschlagen. Da das erfindungsgemäße Schaltventil besonders temperaturunempfindlich ist, steigt nicht nur die Funktionssicherheit des Schaltventils, sondern auch die des Kraftstoffinjektors. Die Einspritzungen können somit präzise gesteuert werden. With regard to the required magnetic properties of the armature surrounding the sleeve, it is proposed that this be wholly or partly made of a ferromagnetic material, in particular of an iron-cobalt alloy. The focus in this case is clearly on the magnetic properties of the armature, while the wear resistance is ensured by the ceramic sleeve. In addition, a fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, proposed with a switching valve according to the invention for controlling the injections. Since the switching valve according to the invention is particularly insensitive to temperature, not only increases the reliability of the switching valve, but also that of the fuel injector. The injections can thus be precisely controlled.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Diese zeigen: Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show:
Fig. 1 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch ein in einen Kraftstoffinjektor eingesetztes erfindungsgemäßes Schaltventil gemäß einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform und Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section through an inserted into a fuel injector inventive switching valve according to a first preferred embodiment and
Fig. 2 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch ein in einen Kraftstoffinjektor eingesetztes erfindungsgemäßes Schaltventil gemäß einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform. 2 shows a schematic longitudinal section through an inventive switching valve used according to a second preferred embodiment, which is inserted into a fuel injector.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Detailed description of the drawings
Das in der Fig. 1 dargestellte Schaltventil umfasst einen als Flachanker ausgebildeten Anker 1 mit einem plattenförmigen Abschnitt 11 und einem schaftartigen Abschnitt 9. Der schaftartige Abschnitt 9 weist eine Stirnfläche 5 auf, die eine mit einem Ventilsitz 7 des Schaltventils zusammenwirkende Dichtkontur 8 ausbildet. Zur Aufnahme und Führung eines Ankerbolzens 2 ist der Anker 1 von einer Axialbohrung 3 durchsetzt. The switching valve shown in FIG. 1 comprises a flat armature formed anchor 1 with a plate-shaped portion 11 and a shaft-like portion 9. The shaft-like portion 9 has an end face 5, which forms a cooperating with a valve seat 7 of the switching valve sealing contour 8. For receiving and guiding an anchor bolt 2, the anchor 1 is penetrated by an axial bore 3.
Da der Ankerbolzen 2 relativ beweglich gegenüber dem Anker 1 in der Axialbohrung 3 aufgenommen ist, wird der Führungsbereich des Ankers 1 im Betrieb des Schaltventils stark mechanisch beansprucht. Es gilt demnach die mechanische Festigkeit des Ankers 1 zumindest im Bereich der Führung zu erhöhen. Darüber hinaus können sich im Führungsspalt 12 hohe Temperaturen entwickeln, die wiederum Einfluss auf den Hub des Ankers 1 haben können. Um dem entgegen zu wirken, weist der Anker 1 des Schaltventils der Fig. 1 eine die Axialbohrung 3 begrenzende keramische Hülse 4 auf, die stoffschlüssig mit dem Anker 1 verbunden ist. Die keramische Hülse 4 erhöht nicht nur die Verschleißfestigkeit des Ankers 1 im Führungsbereich, sondern ferner dessen Temperaturunempfindlichkeit. Denn der keramische Werkstoff der Hülse 4 bewirkt aufgrund seiner vergleichsweise geringen Wärmeleitfähigkeit eine thermische Trennung des Ankers 1 vom Ankerbolzen 2, so dass der Temperaturgang des Ankerhubs deutlich reduziert ist. Since the anchor bolt 2 is received relatively movable relative to the armature 1 in the axial bore 3, the guide portion of the armature 1 is subjected to high mechanical stress during operation of the switching valve. It is therefore necessary to increase the mechanical strength of the armature 1 at least in the region of the guide. In addition, 12 high temperatures can develop in the guide gap, which in turn can have an influence on the stroke of the armature 1. In order to counteract this, the armature 1 of the switching valve of FIG. 1 has a ceramic sleeve 4 delimiting the axial bore 3, which is materially connected to the anchor 1. The ceramic sleeve 4 not only increases the wear resistance of the armature 1 in the guide region, but also its temperature insensitivity. Because of the ceramic material of the sleeve 4 causes due to its comparatively low thermal conductivity, a thermal separation of the armature 1 from the anchor bolt 2, so that the temperature coefficient of the armature stroke is significantly reduced.
Dadurch, dass vorliegend der keramische Werkstoff in Form der Hülse 4 auf den Führungsbereich beschränkt ist, können weiterhin hohe Magnetkräfte erzielt werden. Denn im Übrigen kann der Anker 1 aus einem ferromagnetischen Material, beispielsweise aus einer Eisen-Kobalt-Legierung, gefertigt sein. Due to the fact that in the present case the ceramic material in the form of the sleeve 4 is restricted to the guide region, high magnetic forces can continue to be achieved. Otherwise, the armature 1 can be made of a ferromagnetic material, for example of an iron-cobalt alloy.
Zugunsten der Verschleißfestigkeit des Ankers 1 kann dieser im Übrigen aus einem Metall- Keramik- Verbundwerkstoff gebildet sein, sofern dieses Material zufriedenstel- lende magnetische Eigenschaften besitzt. For the sake of the wear resistance of the armature 1, this can otherwise be formed from a metal-ceramic composite material, provided that this material has satisfactory magnetic properties.
Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, den Anker 1 vollständig aus einem solchen Metall- Keramik- Verbundwerkstoff herzustellen. In diesem Fall ist eine Hülse 4 verzichtbar. Der Fig. 2 ist eine Abwandlung des Schaltventils der Fig. 1 zu entnehmen. Die Abwandlung besteht in einer veränderten Ausführung der Hülse 4. Denn diese ist bis zur Stirnfläche 5 des schaftartigen Abschnitts 9 des Ankers 1 geführt und weist einen Bundabschnitt 10 auf, der nunmehr die mit dem Ventilsitz 7 zusammenwirkende Dichtkontur 8 ausbildet. Die hohe Verschleißfestigkeit des keramischen Werkstoffs der Hül- se 4 kommt somit ferner im Bereich des Dichtsitzes zum Tragen. Im Übrigen entspricht das Schaltventil der Fig. 2 dem der Fig. 1. Moreover, it is possible to produce the anchor 1 completely from such a metal-ceramic composite material. In this case, a sleeve 4 is dispensable. 2 is a modification of the switching valve of FIG. 1 can be seen. The modification consists in a modified embodiment of the sleeve 4. For this is guided to the end face 5 of the shaft-like portion 9 of the armature 1 and has a collar portion 10, which now forms the cooperating with the valve seat 7 sealing contour 8. The high wear resistance of the ceramic material of the sleeve 4 thus also comes into play in the region of the sealing seat. Otherwise, the switching valve of FIG. 2 corresponds to that of FIG. 1.
Die in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Schaltventile funktionieren wie folgt: Wird eine oberhalb des Ankers 1 angeordnete, ringförmige Magnetspule 13 bestromt, bildet sich ein Magnetfeld aus, dessen Magnetkraft den Anker 1 nach oben bewegt, bis dieser mit einer Stirnfläche 6 an einem Polkörper 14 anschlägt. Dabei hebt der Anker 1 vom Ventilsitz 7 ab und das Schaltventil öffnet. Zum Schließen des Schaltventils wird die Bestromung der Magnetspule 13 beendet, so dass die Federkraft einer Ankerfe- der 15, die mittelbar über einen Einstellring 16 an der Stirnfläche 6 des Ankers 1 abg stützt ist, den Anker 1 in den Ventilsitz 7 zurückstellt und das Schaltventil schließt. The switching valves shown in Figs. 1 and 2 operate as follows: If a arranged above the armature 1, annular magnet coil 13 is energized, forms a magnetic field whose magnetic force moves the armature 1 up until it with an end face 6 at a Polkörper 14 strikes. The armature 1 lifts off from the valve seat 7 and the switching valve opens. To close the switching valve, the energization of the solenoid 13 is terminated, so that the spring force of a Ankerfe- 15, which is supported abg indirectly via an adjusting ring 16 on the end face 6 of the armature 1, the armature 1 is returned to the valve seat 7 and closes the switching valve.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Schaltventil für einen Kraftstoffinjektor, insbesondere einen Common- Rail- Kraftstoffinjektor, umfassend einen hubbeweglichen Anker (1), der zur Aufnahme und Führung eines relativ zum Anker (1) beweglichen Ankerbolzens (2) von einer Axialbohrung (3) durchsetzt ist, 1. switching valve for a fuel injector, in particular a common rail fuel injector, comprising a liftable armature (1) which is penetrated for receiving and guiding a relative to the armature (1) movable anchor bolt (2) by an axial bore (3),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
- der Anker (1) ganz oder teilweise aus einem Metall- Keramik- Verbundwerkstoff gefertigt ist  - The anchor (1) is made wholly or partly of a metal-ceramic composite material
und/oder  and or
- der Anker (1) eine die Axialbohrung (3) zumindest abschnittsweise begrenzende Hülse (4) aus einem keramischen Werkstoff aufweist.  - The armature (1) has an axial bore (3) at least partially limiting sleeve (4) made of a ceramic material.
2. Schaltventil nach Anspruch 1, 2. switching valve according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Hülse (4) bis zu mindestens einer Stirnfläche (5, 6) des Ankers (1) erstreckt.  characterized in that the sleeve (4) extends to at least one end face (5, 6) of the armature (1).
3. Schaltventil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. switching valve according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anker (1) oder die Hülse (4) eine mit einem Ventilsitz (7) des Schaltventils dichtend zusammenwirkende Dichtkontur (8) ausbildet, wobei vorzugsweise die Dichtkontur (8) an einem schaftartigen Abschnitt (9) des Ankers (1) oder an einem Bundabschnitt (10) der Hülse (4) ausgebildet ist.  characterized in that the armature (1) or the sleeve (4) with a valve seat (7) of the switching valve sealingly cooperating sealing contour (8), wherein preferably the sealing contour (8) on a shaft-like portion (9) of the armature (1 ) or on a collar portion (10) of the sleeve (4) is formed.
4. Schaltventil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 4. switching valve according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anker (1) und/oder die Hülse (4) in einem Pulver-Spritzgussverfahren hergestellt worden ist bzw. sind.  characterized in that the armature (1) and / or the sleeve (4) has been manufactured in a powder injection molding process or are.
5. Schaltventil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hülse (4) fest, insbesondere stoffschlüssig, mit dem Anker (1) verbunden ist, wobei vorzugsweise die stoffschlüssige Verbindung in einem Pulver-Spritzgussverfahren hergestellt worden ist. 5. switching valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sleeve (4) is fixed, in particular materially, connected to the armature (1), wherein preferably the cohesive connection has been produced in a powder injection molding process.
6. Schaltventil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 6. switching valve according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Werkstoff des Ankers (1) und der Werkstoff der Hülse (4) im Wesentlichen den gleichen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten besitzen.  characterized in that the material of the armature (1) and the material of the sleeve (4) have substantially the same thermal expansion coefficient.
7. Schaltventil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 7. switching valve according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der keramische Werkstoff der Hülse (4)  characterized in that the ceramic material of the sleeve (4)
Zirkonoxid ist oder enthält.  Zirconia is or contains.
8. Schaltventil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 8. switching valve according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anker (1) ganz oder teilweise aus einem fer- romagnetischen Werkstoff, insbesondere aus einer Eisen-Kobalt-Legierung, gefertigt ist.  characterized in that the armature (1) is wholly or partly made of a ferromagnetic material, in particular of an iron-cobalt alloy.
9. Kraftstoffinjektor für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, insbesondere ein Common- Rail- Einspritzsystem, mit einem Schaltventil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zur Steuerung der Einspritzungen. 9. Fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, with a switching valve according to one of the preceding claims for controlling the injections.
PCT/EP2016/065088 2015-07-14 2016-06-29 Switching valve for a fuel injector, and fuel injector WO2017009041A1 (en)

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KR1020187004051A KR102551023B1 (en) 2015-07-14 2016-06-29 Switching valves and fuel injectors for fuel injectors
CN201680040789.0A CN107835896B (en) 2015-07-14 2016-06-29 Switching valve for fuel injector and fuel injector

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DE102011077179A1 (en) 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Anchor for a solenoid valve and method of making an armature
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