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WO2017050226A1 - Procédé de formage d'aluminium au laser - Google Patents

Procédé de formage d'aluminium au laser Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017050226A1
WO2017050226A1 PCT/CN2016/099546 CN2016099546W WO2017050226A1 WO 2017050226 A1 WO2017050226 A1 WO 2017050226A1 CN 2016099546 W CN2016099546 W CN 2016099546W WO 2017050226 A1 WO2017050226 A1 WO 2017050226A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser
aluminum
forming method
powder
wavelength
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/099546
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
段宣明
陈勇
曹洪忠
王林志
王国玉
范树迁
Original Assignee
重庆塞拉雷利科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201510606699.0A external-priority patent/CN105215358B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201510606543.2A external-priority patent/CN105215357A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201510606481.5A external-priority patent/CN105149583B/zh
Application filed by 重庆塞拉雷利科技有限公司 filed Critical 重庆塞拉雷利科技有限公司
Publication of WO2017050226A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017050226A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of three-dimensional manufacturing technology, and in particular to a laser forming method for aluminum materials.
  • Laser rapid prototyping technology is based on the development of laser multi-layer cladding technology in the late 1970s.
  • the technology is a typical digital manufacturing and green intelligent manufacturing technology by adopting computer design digital model and computer intelligent control to form materials layer by layer, and finally realize solid parts with three-dimensional complex structure.
  • the current laser rapid prototyping technology mainly includes stereolithography technology, layered solid manufacturing technology, laser near net shaping technology, selective laser sintering forming technology, selective laser melting forming technology, etc.
  • laser rapid prototyping of metal structures mainly depends on Laser near net shaping technology, selective laser sintering forming technology, selective laser melting forming technology, etc.
  • the laser rapid prototyping technology currently developed for aluminum, aluminum alloy and aluminum matrix composites mainly relies on selective laser sintering and selective laser melting forming technology.
  • the laser sources used are mainly fiber lasers and Nd:YAG lasers. .
  • aluminum, aluminum alloy and aluminum matrix composites have higher reflectivity during laser forming, their research on laser rapid prototyping lags behind other metal materials. Therefore, it is urgent to develop suitable for aluminum and aluminum alloys.
  • the present invention is directed to the deficiencies of the prior art, and proposes a laser forming method for aluminum materials by using a laser having a wavelength of 700 nm to 900 nm, and fully utilizing aluminum, aluminum alloy and aluminum matrix composite materials for lasers having a wavelength of 700 nm to 900 nm.
  • the high absorption makes it more efficient in energy utilization and forming efficiency in 3D printing, and the forming is more precise.
  • the specific technical solutions are as follows:
  • a laser forming method for aluminum material characterized in that: the specific step is
  • Step 1 use a computer to establish a geometric model to generate a forming path
  • Step 2 manufacturing a vacuum or protective gas processing environment
  • Step 3 Supply raw materials to the processing area, and use a laser with a wavelength of 700-900 nm to melt the raw materials.
  • Step 4 Determine whether the processing is completed, otherwise, go to step three, scan the next layer, and then go to step 5;
  • Step 5 Clean up and recycle excess raw materials
  • Step 6 Take out the product.
  • the raw material is a powder material having a particle diameter ranging from 1 nm to 1 mm, and the powder material is supplied by a nozzle directly to the processing region.
  • step 1.1 is provided between step 1 and step 2, specifically preheating the shaped substrate;
  • the vacuum is extracted from the closed processing chamber, and the gas pressure ranges from 1 ⁇ 10 -5 Pa to 1 ⁇ 10 4 Pa;
  • the powder raw material is aluminum, or an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum-based composite material.
  • the step 3 is specifically:
  • the step 3 is specifically:
  • the specific method for manufacturing the protective gas processing environment in the second step is to blow a protective gas to the open processing region.
  • the processing area can be open and is not limited by the shape and size of the processed product.
  • the supply raw material is a wire-shaped material having a cross-sectional diameter of 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm; or a strip-shaped material having a cross-sectional width of 10 ⁇ m to 10 mm and a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm.
  • the laser having a wavelength of from 700 nm to 900 nm is a continuous laser, or a pulsed laser, or a quasi-continuous laser.
  • the specific way of scanning the next layer is to raise the focus of the laser beam by one layer after scanning one layer, or to lower the processing area by one layer.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects of fully utilizing the high absorption of aluminum, aluminum alloy and aluminum matrix composite materials for laser light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 900 nm, and minimizing the laser light of aluminum, aluminum alloy and aluminum matrix composite materials.
  • the reflection makes the energy utilization efficiency in the forming process high, the forming speed is fast, and the forming precision is high, which realizes the rapidization of 3D printing; the whole processing process is in the environment of vacuum or protective gas
  • the processing parts are not in contact with the air to ensure the quality of the processed products;
  • the laser forming with a wavelength of 700nm-900nm makes the application materials and feeding methods various, which makes the application range of 3D printing technology more extensive and convenient.
  • the rapid application of 3D printing technology is possible.
  • Embodiment 4 of the present invention is a schematic flowchart of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a laser absorption spectrum of a laser absorption spectrum of pure aluminum powder
  • Figure 5 is a laser absorption spectrum of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder
  • Figure 6 is a laser absorption spectrum of an aluminum-based composite material (AlSi10Mg/CNT) powder
  • Figure 7 is a surface top view of an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy molded part
  • Figure 8 is a test chart of surface roughness of an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy molded part
  • Figure 9 is a microstructure diagram of an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy molded part
  • Fig. 10 is a graph showing the hardness test results of the molded article of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy prepared by the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 As shown in FIG. 1 , a laser forming method for aluminum material, the specific steps are: Step 1: Using a computer to establish a geometric model of the aluminum structural device for forming, and layering the geometric model of the design Plan the formed scan path and select reasonable forming parameters;
  • Step 2 Vacuuming the closed cavity in the closed working chamber mechanism, when the vacuum pressure reaches 1 ⁇ 10 -5 Pa to 1 ⁇ 10 4 Pa, the vacuum is stopped, and the protective gas mechanism is input to the sealed cavity.
  • a gas such as argon, forms a working area;
  • Step 3 Turn on the laser with a wavelength of 808 nm, and then supply a wire-shaped material having a cross-sectional diameter of 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm to the processing region through a feeding mechanism, or a strip-shaped material having a cross-sectional width of 10 ⁇ m to 10 mm and a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm, using a laser Melting the supplied raw materials;
  • Step 4 judging whether the processing is completed, otherwise, the laser beam focus of the laser source in the laser transmitting system rises one level, and proceeds to step three to perform the next layer scanning operation, and then proceeds to step three;
  • Step 5 Clean up and recycle excess raw materials
  • Step 6 Take out the product.
  • Embodiment 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , a laser forming method for aluminum material, characterized in that: the specific steps are:
  • Step 1 Using a computer to establish a geometric model of the formed aluminum structural device, and layering the geometric model of the design, planning the formed scanning path, and selecting a reasonable forming parameter;
  • Step 2 blowing a protective gas, such as argon, to the open processing area;
  • a protective gas such as argon
  • Step 3 Turn on the laser with a wavelength of 808 nm, and then supply a wire-shaped material having a cross-sectional diameter of 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm to the processing region, or a strip-shaped material having a cross-sectional width of 10 ⁇ m to 10 mm and a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm, and supply the raw material by using a laser. melt;
  • Step 4 Determine whether the processing is completed, otherwise, lower the forming plate by one layer, proceed to step 3 to continue processing, scan the next layer, and then proceed to step 5;
  • Step 5 Clean up and recycle excess raw materials
  • Step 6 Take out the product.
  • Embodiment 3 As shown in FIG. 2, a laser forming method of aluminum material, the specific steps are:
  • Step 1 According to the machined parts, use the computer to build a three-dimensional model of the parts;
  • Step 2 cutting the processed part into a two-dimensional plane to generate a scan path, and transmitting the scan path to the manufacturing system;
  • Step 3 Vacuum is taken from the closed processing cavity in the manufacturing system, and when the air pressure reaches 1 ⁇ 10 -5 Pa, the vacuuming operation is stopped;
  • Step 4 injecting argon into the sealed processing chamber by using a shielding gas delivery device
  • Step 5 spraying the aluminum alloy powder raw material having a particle size ranging from 2 nm to 0.5 mm directly to the processing region by using a nozzle to the sealed processing chamber;
  • Step 6 Turn on the continuous laser melting aluminum alloy powder raw material with a wavelength of 808 nm
  • Step 7 The control system determines whether the part is formed according to the scan path, if not, proceeds to step eight, and then proceeds to step IX;
  • Step 8 Adjust the height of the material deposition component in the closed processing chamber, and proceed to step 5;
  • Step 9 Clean the surface powder of the part
  • Step 10 Take out the formed part.
  • the absorption rate of the aluminum alloy powder has a peak value, and the absorption rate exceeds 70%, in this embodiment.
  • the laser with a wavelength of 808 nm is used as the processing light source, and the absorption peak of the aluminum alloy powder is fully utilized, thereby maximizing energy conservation and improving forming efficiency.
  • the forming process of the additive manufacturing system and method is fast.
  • the surface gloss is good and flatter.
  • the laser wavelength ranges from 800nm to 850nm the surface of the aluminum alloy molded part is smooth and compact, and has high molding quality.
  • the aluminum alloy is used.
  • the surface of the molded part has the highest precision R a of 0.62 ⁇ m and a high surface quality.
  • the workpiece has a very fine grain and a dense structure, and the average grain size is less than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the gray cell structure is an Al matrix, and the white fiber is a Si phase.
  • the product formed by the method and system of the invention can be obtained, and has high quality, beautiful appearance and high application value; as shown in FIG. 10, the laser selective melting method and system of the invention are adopted.
  • the hardness test results of the prepared AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy molded parts under different process conditions can be seen that the Vickers hardness value is basically stable between HV110 and HV130, and the average value is HV120 ⁇ 3, which is larger than the HV95 ⁇ HV105 of the traditional AlSi10Mg cast material. , indicating that the molded part has excellent mechanical properties.
  • Embodiment 4 As shown in FIG. 3, a laser forming method of aluminum material adopts the following steps:
  • Step 1 use a computer to establish a geometric model to generate a laser scanning path
  • Step 2 preheating the forming substrate
  • Step 3 vacuuming the forming chamber, the pressure of the vacuum is in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 -5 Pa;
  • Step 4 injecting a shielding gas into the forming chamber, in this embodiment, argon gas is used;
  • Step 5 feeding a powder raw material to the forming chamber, the powder raw material being an AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder having a powder material size ranging from 10 nm to 500 ⁇ m;
  • Step 6 using a powder laying device to carry out the powdering operation of the powder raw material, and laying the powder raw material on the forming substrate, and the thickness of the coating is 30 ⁇ m-100 ⁇ m;
  • Step 7 Turn on a continuous laser beam with a wavelength of 808 nm to melt the powder raw material
  • Step 8 According to the laser scanning path, determine whether the product processing is completed, if not, proceed to step IX, and then proceed to step ten;
  • Step 9 The forming cylinder in the forming chamber is lowered by one layer, and the process proceeds to step 5, and the next layer of the forming part is paved;
  • Step 10 Remove excess powder material
  • Step 11 Take out the formed part.
  • the reflectance of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder to laser is as low as 32.506% when the laser wavelength ranges from 700nm to 900nm.
  • AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder can be fully absorbed.
  • the energy utilization efficiency is high, the forming speed is fast, and the forming precision is high, and the formation of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder is accelerated.
  • the laser wavelength range is from 800 nm to 850 nm
  • the surface of the aluminum alloy molded part is smooth and compact, and has high molding quality
  • the optimized process is performed.
  • the highest precision R a surface of aluminum alloy molded parts can reach 0.62 ⁇ m, which has high surface quality.
  • the Vickers hardness value of the aluminum alloy molded parts is basically stable between HV110 and HV130 (shown in Figure 10), and the average value is HV120 ⁇ 3, which is larger than the HV95 ⁇ HV105 of the conventional AlSi10Mg cast material. It shows that the molded part has excellent mechanical properties.
  • a pure aluminum powder material or an aluminum-based composite material (AlSi10Mg/CNT) powder may be used.
  • AlSi10Mg/CNT aluminum-based composite material
  • FIG. 4 when the laser wavelength ranges from 700 nm to 900 nm, the reflectance of the pure aluminum powder to the laser is the lowest. 75.464%, when the laser wavelength range shown in Figure 6 is 700nm ⁇ 900nm, the AlSi10Mg/CNT composite powder material with different carbon nanotubes added has the lowest reflectivity of the laser, and the lowest reflectivity is 18%-25. %.
  • the AlSi10Mg/CNT composite powder material has a strong peak in the absorption rate of the laser, and the absorption rate exceeds 75%.
  • the finished product is tested.
  • the surface of the aluminum alloy molded part is smooth and compact, and has high molding quality.
  • Figure 8 shows that the laser wavelength range is from 800 nm to 850 nm.
  • the surface of the aluminum alloy molded part has the highest precision R a of 0.62 ⁇ m and a high surface quality.
  • Figure 9 shows that the grain is very fine and the structure is dense, and the average grain size is less than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the gray cell structure is an Al matrix, and the white fiber is a Si phase. According to the test structure, the product formed by the method and system of the invention can be obtained, has high quality, beautiful appearance and high application value, as shown in FIG.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de formage d'aluminium au laser, dont les étapes spécifiques consistent à : étape 1, à l'aide d'un ordinateur, établir un modèle géométrique et générer une trajectoire de formage ; étape 2, préparer un environnement d'usinage sous vide ou sous gaz de protection ; étape 3, fournir une matière première à une région d'usinage et, à l'aide d'un laser présentant une longueur d'onde de 700-900 nm, faire fondre la matière première fournie ; étape 4, déterminer si l'usinage est terminé ou non et, si ce n'est pas le cas, passer à l'étape 3 et balayer une couche suivante et, si tel est le cas, passer à l'étape 5 ; étape 5, nettoyer et récupérer un excès de la matière première fournie ; étape 6, enlever un produit. Le procédé utilise pleinement l'absorbance élevée de l'aluminium, d'alliages d'aluminium et de matériaux composites à base d'aluminium par rapport à un laser présentant une longueur d'onde de 700-900 nm, ce qui réduit autant que possible la réflexion du laser par l'aluminium, les alliages d'aluminium et les matériaux composites à base d'aluminium, ce qui résulte en une grande efficacité d'utilisation d'énergie du procédé de formage, en un formage rapide et en une haute précision de formage, ce qui réalise une impression 3D plus rapide.
PCT/CN2016/099546 2015-09-22 2016-09-21 Procédé de formage d'aluminium au laser WO2017050226A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2015106064815 2015-09-22
CN201510606699.0A CN105215358B (zh) 2015-09-22 2015-09-22 铝材的送粉式激光增材制造系统及方法
CN201510606543.2A CN105215357A (zh) 2015-09-22 2015-09-22 铝、铝合金及铝基复合材料激光快速成形方法
CN2015106066990 2015-09-22
CN2015106065432 2015-09-22
CN201510606481.5A CN105149583B (zh) 2015-09-22 2015-09-22 铝材的激光选区熔化成形方法及其系统

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113967736A (zh) * 2020-07-23 2022-01-25 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 一种2a50锻造铝合金的激光增材制造与修复工艺
CN114160809A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-03-11 南京晨光集团有限责任公司 一种高功率大层厚选区激光熔化成形方法

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CN105215358A (zh) * 2015-09-22 2016-01-06 重庆塞拉雷利科技有限公司 铝材的送粉式激光增材制造系统及方法
CN105215357A (zh) * 2015-09-22 2016-01-06 重庆塞拉雷利科技有限公司 铝、铝合金及铝基复合材料激光快速成形方法

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WO2005066380A1 (fr) * 2003-12-01 2005-07-21 Ex One Corporation Procedes de frittage de pieces en aluminium et en alliage a base d'aluminium
JP2011021218A (ja) * 2009-07-14 2011-02-03 Kinki Univ 積層造形用粉末材料及び粉末積層造形法
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113967736A (zh) * 2020-07-23 2022-01-25 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 一种2a50锻造铝合金的激光增材制造与修复工艺
CN114160809A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-03-11 南京晨光集团有限责任公司 一种高功率大层厚选区激光熔化成形方法

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