WO2016203540A1 - エンジン後部構造 - Google Patents
エンジン後部構造 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016203540A1 WO2016203540A1 PCT/JP2015/067280 JP2015067280W WO2016203540A1 WO 2016203540 A1 WO2016203540 A1 WO 2016203540A1 JP 2015067280 W JP2015067280 W JP 2015067280W WO 2016203540 A1 WO2016203540 A1 WO 2016203540A1
- Authority
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- axis
- duct
- cone
- angle
- rear structure
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K3/00—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
- F02K3/08—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan with supplementary heating of the working fluid; Control thereof
- F02K3/10—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan with supplementary heating of the working fluid; Control thereof by after-burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
- F02K1/78—Other construction of jet pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/16—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration with devices inside the flame tube or the combustion chamber to influence the air or gas flow
- F23R3/18—Flame stabilising means, e.g. flame holders for after-burners of jet-propulsion plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
- F05D2220/323—Application in turbines in gas turbines for aircraft propulsion, e.g. jet engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rear structure of a jet engine, and more particularly to a rear structure that suppresses reflection of radar waves.
- Aircraft bodies are usually good reflectors for radar waves such as microwaves.
- the engine always emits infrared light. These are frequently used to locate aircraft.
- special purpose aircraft need to avoid being located by them, that is, so-called stealth is required.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose so-called stealth technology.
- a rear structure of a jet engine has a shaft, and the rear structure surrounds a duct around the shaft and opens forward and rearward in the axial direction, and with respect to the shaft.
- a cone having a first angle and tapering rearwardly and having a pointed rear end, and a pressure surface extending radially from the cone to the casing and forming a second angle with respect to the plane including the axis
- One or more flames comprising one or more spray bars and one or more inner surfaces each extending radially in the duct and facing rearward at a fourth angle with respect to the plane containing the axis.
- a holder comprising one or more spray bars and one or more inner surfaces each extending radially in the duct and facing rearward at a fourth angle with respect to the plane containing the axis.
- FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a jet engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partial side sectional view of the jet engine, particularly showing the rear structure in an enlarged manner.
- FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the rear structure viewed from the rear.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the guide vane, spray bar, and frame holder taken from the peripheral surface indicated by line IV-IV in FIG.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic side view schematically showing a state in which a radar wave arriving from behind is reflected, and shows a case where the rear structure includes a cone.
- FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a jet engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partial side sectional view of the jet engine, particularly showing the rear structure in an enlarged manner.
- FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the rear structure viewed from the rear.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the guide vane, spray bar
- FIG. 5B is a schematic side view schematically showing a state in which a radar wave arriving from behind is reflected, and is a case where the rear structure does not include a cone.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the reflection angle and the intensity of the reflected radar wave.
- the jet engine 1 is used for the purpose of giving thrust to the aircraft, for example, being installed in the fuselage of the aircraft or being fixed to the outside of the main wing or the fuselage.
- the jet engine 1 is a so-called low bypass ratio turbofan engine
- the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the jet engine 1 generally comprises a fan or low pressure compressor 11, a high pressure compressor 15, a combustor 17, a high pressure turbine 19, a low pressure turbine 21, and a rear structure 23, along an axis X, which is an aircraft Line up in this order from nose F to nose R. All of these are stored in the engine casing 7, and the high-pressure compressor 15, the combustor 17, and the turbines 19 and 21 are further stored in the inner core casing 3.
- a bypass duct 9 is defined between the engine casing 7 and the core casing 3, its inlet opening immediately after the fan or low-pressure compressor 11, and its outlet communicating with the exhaust nozzle.
- the core casing 3 also defines a series of ducts including a compressor duct 5 and a hot gas duct 29 inside the core casing 3, and the series of ducts communicates with the exhaust nozzle.
- the fan or low-pressure compressor 11 is composed of moving blades and stationary blades arranged around the inlet cone 13, respectively, and a plurality of stages of moving blades and a plurality of stages of stationary blades are alternately arranged in the axial direction. These rotor blades are coupled to the low-pressure turbine 21 and are rotatably supported together.
- the high-pressure turbine 19 is also composed of moving blades and stationary blades, and the moving blades are coupled to the high-pressure compressor 15 and are both rotatably supported.
- the turbines 21 and 19 partially extract energy from the high-temperature gas generated by the combustor 17 and drive the fans or compressors 11 and 15.
- the fan or the low-pressure compressor 11 sucks the outside air Aa, and the bypass air Ab that is a part of the air passes through the bypass duct 9 and reaches the exhaust nozzle behind the engine core.
- the compressed air Ac which is the other part, is sent to the compressor duct 5, further compressed in the high-pressure turbine 19, sent to the combustor 17, and used for combustion to generate a hot gas Gh.
- the hot gas Gh passes through the rear structure 23 as it is, and in other cases, the hot gas Gh undergoes reheating in the rear structure 23 and is ejected toward the exhaust nozzle.
- the bypass gas Ab merges with the high temperature gas Gh or the reheat gas Gr, or a part or all of the bypass gas Ab merges with the high temperature gas Gh upstream of the rear structure 23, and both are ejected rearward from the exhaust nozzle. To generate thrust.
- the rear structure 23 is in communication with the low-pressure turbine 21, and a hot gas duct 29 includes a cone 25 around the axis X and a plurality extending radially from the cone 25.
- the cone 25 is tapered toward the tail R and can have a sharp rear end 25P.
- the outer surface of the cone 25 may be a substantially conical surface at least in the vicinity of the rear end 25P.
- the guide vane 27 is disposed immediately downstream of the low-pressure turbine 21 and generally has a so-called airfoil shape so as to rectify the high-temperature gas Gh.
- the guide vane 27 extends from the outer surface of the cone 25 to reach the inner surface of the core casing 3 and straddles the entire high temperature gas duct 29 in the radial direction.
- the guide vane 27 can have an appropriate angle with respect to the direction in which the high temperature gas Gh flows. That is, the blade surface can be composed of a pressure surface 27p slightly facing the tail R and a suction surface slightly facing the nose F.
- the guide vane 27 may be solid, but may have a hollow structure.
- the spray bar 33 is a structure for additionally supplying fuel into the hot gas Gh, and can be arranged downstream of the guide vane 27 with respect to the flow of the hot gas Gh.
- the spray bar 33 extends into the hot gas duct 29, for example, from the core casing 3 or from the engine casing 7 inward in the radial direction.
- the spray bar 33 may have a shape that does not easily resist the flow of the high-temperature gas Gh. For example, a droplet shape can be applied to the cross section.
- the flame holder 35 is a structure for igniting additionally supplied fuel and holding a combustion flame downstream thereof, and is usually arranged downstream of the spray bar 33 with respect to the flow of the high temperature gas Gh. Is done.
- the flame holder 35 also extends into the hot gas duct 29, for example, radially inward from the core casing 3 or the engine casing 7.
- the frame holder 35 is usually applied with a shape that locally reduces the flow rate of the high-temperature gas Gh. For example, a V-shaped gutta shape that forms a V-shape that spreads toward the tail R in the cross section may be applied. it can.
- the high-temperature gas Gh is reheated, and the reheated gas Gr having a higher speed is ejected from the exhaust nozzle. To do. This is used to temporarily increase the thrust of the jet engine 1.
- the exhaust nozzle usually has a considerable degree of opening, so it does not prevent radar waves (microwaves) from entering the interior.
- the cone 25, the guide vane 27, the spray bar 33, and the flame holder 35 are located behind the jet engine 1 when viewed in one section in the hot gas duct 29. It is exposed towards.
- Microwave MW that enters from the exhaust nozzle and arrives from behind along axis X can be reflected by these components. If these have a plane perpendicular to the axis X, such a surface will intensify the reflected wave in the direction in which the microwave MW arrives, and if the plane is tilted appropriately, the reflected wave will travel in a different direction. The reflected wave toward the incoming direction is weakened. According to this embodiment, as will be described below, each surface is inclined to weaken the reflected wave.
- the cone 25 is a cone or a shape approximating a cone, and its outer surface forms a first angle ⁇ 1 with respect to the axis X.
- the first angle ⁇ 1 is naturally greater than 0 degrees (parallel to the axis X) and less than 90 degrees (perpendicular to the axis X).
- the rear end 25P is preferably sharpened, and its radius of curvature is sufficiently smaller than the wavelength of the microwave MW (for example, 1 to 10 cm in the SHF band), and can be, for example, 5 mm or less.
- the pressure surface 27p of the guide vane 27 faces slightly toward the tail R as described above, and in particular, the surface 55 near the trailing edge 27t is exposed rearward as is apparent from FIG. is doing.
- the surface 55 may form a second angle ⁇ 2 with respect to the surface Px including the axis X.
- the second angle ⁇ 2 is also greater than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees.
- the trailing edge 27t is also preferably sharpened, and its radius of curvature can be, for example, 5 mm or less.
- a pair of back surfaces 57 and 59 sandwiching the trailing edge 33t are exposed rearward. Further, only the back surfaces 57 and 59 may be exposed rearward. These back surfaces 57 and 59 may form a third angle ⁇ 3 with respect to the surface Px including the axis X.
- the third angle ⁇ 3 is also greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees.
- the trailing edge 33t is also preferably sharpened, and its radius of curvature can be, for example, 5 mm or less.
- the frame holder 35 When the frame holder 35 has a V-shaped gutta shape, a pair of inner surfaces 61 and 63 sandwiching the bottom 35c of the inner surface are exposed rearward. Further, only the inner surfaces 61 and 63 may be exposed rearward. The inner surfaces 61 and 63 may form a fourth angle ⁇ 4 with respect to the surface Px including the axis X. The fourth angle ⁇ 4 is also greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees.
- the bottom edge 35c and the rear edge of the frame holder 35 are also preferably sharpened, and the radius of curvature thereof can be, for example, 5 mm or less.
- angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, and ⁇ 4 can be arbitrarily selected from the range of more than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees, but preferably from 5 degrees to 45 degrees from the viewpoint of reflecting microwaves in sufficiently different directions. It is below, More preferably, it is 10 degree or more and 30 degrees or less. Further, these angles may be substantially the same or different, and furthermore, the angles ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, and ⁇ 4 may be in a range of ⁇ 5 degrees with respect to the angle ⁇ 1.
- the ratio of the exposed area of the cone 25, the guide vane 27, the spray bar 33, and the flame holder 35 to the cross-sectional area of the hot gas duct 29 can be adjusted as appropriate, for example, 50% or more, Or it can be made 70% or more. It is inevitable that a resonance effect due to the duct acts on a part of the microwave that has entered, and the microwave is also reflected by this effect. However, if these exposure areas are large, the ratio of the reflected wave directly becomes larger than the reflected wave due to the resonance effect, and according to the present embodiment, the ratio of the reflected wave deviating in a certain direction increases. The proportion of microwaves reflected toward the direction of arrival is relatively reduced.
- the microwave reflection intensity was calculated by numerical analysis.
- 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams of the models 100 and 200 used for the analysis.
- 5A includes a cylinder simulating a high-temperature gas duct, a plane inside the cylinder simulating guide vanes arranged in the circumferential direction, and a cone having a sharp rear end extending rearward from the plane.
- the trailing edge of the guide vane is usually aligned on a plane perpendicular to the engine axis. If the distance between them is sufficiently narrow, it behaves like a plane with respect to microwaves, so it is reasonable to simulate guide vanes with a plane.
- the model 200 shown in FIG. 5B has a similar structure but lacks a cone.
- the intensity of the microwave MW that was irradiated with the microwave MW from the point P toward the inside of the cylinder, reflected, and returned to the original point P was calculated on the assumption that there was no absorption. The calculation was performed by changing the angle ⁇ with respect to the plane in the cylinder.
- the calculation results are shown in FIG.
- the present embodiment reduces the microwave reflection intensity.
- a rear structure is provided that can reduce the reflection of radar waves behind the jet engine, in particular directly behind.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (5)
- 軸を有するジェットエンジンの後部構造であって、
前記軸の周りにダクトを囲み、軸方向に前方および後方に開口したケーシングと、
前記軸に対して第1の角度を成して後方に先細り、尖った後端を有するコーンと、
それぞれ前記コーンから前記ケーシングへ径方向に延び、前記軸を含む面に対して第2の角度を成す正圧面を備えた、一以上のガイドベーンと、
それぞれ前記ダクト内において径方向に延び、それぞれ前記軸を含む面に対して第3の角度を成して後方に向いた一以上の背面を備えた、一以上のスプレイバーと、
それぞれ前記ダクト内において径方向に延び、それぞれ前記軸を含む面に対して第4の角度を成して後方に向いた一以上の内面を備えた、一以上のフレイムホルダと、
を備えた後部構造。 - 請求項1の後部構造であって、前記第1ないし第4の角度は、いずれも0度を超えて45度未満である、後部構造。
- 請求項2の後部構造であって、前記第1ないし第4の角度は同一である、後部構造。
- 請求項1の後部構造であって、前記軸方向に後方から見て、前記スプレイバーは前記背面のみが露出しており、前記フレイムホルダは前記内面のみが露出している、後部構造。
- 請求項1の後部構造であって、前記軸方向に後方から見て、前記コーン、前記ガイドベーン、前記スプレイバー、および前記フレイムホルダが露出する面積は、前記ダクトの断面積の50%を超えている、後部構造。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15895561.7A EP3244054B1 (en) | 2015-06-16 | 2015-06-16 | Engine aft section structure |
JP2017524175A JP6465208B2 (ja) | 2015-06-16 | 2015-06-16 | エンジン後部構造 |
CA2988555A CA2988555C (en) | 2015-06-16 | 2015-06-16 | Engine aft section structure |
PCT/JP2015/067280 WO2016203540A1 (ja) | 2015-06-16 | 2015-06-16 | エンジン後部構造 |
US15/671,788 US10830180B2 (en) | 2015-06-16 | 2017-08-08 | Engine aft section structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP2015/067280 WO2016203540A1 (ja) | 2015-06-16 | 2015-06-16 | エンジン後部構造 |
Related Child Applications (1)
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US15/671,788 Continuation US10830180B2 (en) | 2015-06-16 | 2017-08-08 | Engine aft section structure |
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WO2016203540A1 true WO2016203540A1 (ja) | 2016-12-22 |
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PCT/JP2015/067280 WO2016203540A1 (ja) | 2015-06-16 | 2015-06-16 | エンジン後部構造 |
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US (1) | US10830180B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3244054B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6465208B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2988555C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016203540A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN115653782A (zh) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-01-31 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | 基于涡扇发动机双腔体结构的隐身喷管结构 |
CN116293820A (zh) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-06-23 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | 一种航空发动机加力燃烧室红外辐射信号抑制增强结构 |
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CN114234231B (zh) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-11-22 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | 一种兼顾雷达隐身外形的火焰稳定器 |
EP4345003A1 (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-04-03 | HENSOLDT Sensors GmbH | Propulsion system for an aerial vehicle |
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CN115653782A (zh) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-01-31 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | 基于涡扇发动机双腔体结构的隐身喷管结构 |
CN115653782B (zh) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-05-03 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | 基于涡扇发动机双腔体结构的隐身喷管结构 |
CN116293820A (zh) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-06-23 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | 一种航空发动机加力燃烧室红外辐射信号抑制增强结构 |
CN116293820B (zh) * | 2023-04-17 | 2024-06-11 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | 一种航空发动机加力燃烧室红外辐射信号抑制增强结构 |
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US10830180B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 |
CA2988555A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
EP3244054A1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
US20170370327A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
EP3244054B1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
JPWO2016203540A1 (ja) | 2017-11-30 |
JP6465208B2 (ja) | 2019-02-06 |
CA2988555C (en) | 2019-03-26 |
EP3244054A4 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
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