WO2016121152A1 - 酸化物半導体膜および半導体デバイス - Google Patents
酸化物半導体膜および半導体デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016121152A1 WO2016121152A1 PCT/JP2015/073478 JP2015073478W WO2016121152A1 WO 2016121152 A1 WO2016121152 A1 WO 2016121152A1 JP 2015073478 W JP2015073478 W JP 2015073478W WO 2016121152 A1 WO2016121152 A1 WO 2016121152A1
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- oxide semiconductor
- semiconductor film
- film
- oxide
- semiconductor device
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 250
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- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/7869—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate
- H01L29/78693—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate the semiconducting oxide being amorphous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oxide semiconductor film and a semiconductor device including the same.
- a thin film EL (electroluminescence) display device an organic EL display device, etc.
- amorphous silicon (a-Si) film has been mainly used as a semiconductor film functioning as a channel layer of a TFT (thin film transistor) as a semiconductor device.
- a-Si amorphous silicon
- IGZO Indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn) as a material to replace a-Si, that is, an In—Ga—Zn-based composite oxide (also referred to as “IGZO”).
- In—Ga—Zn-based composite oxide also referred to as “IGZO”.
- An IGZO-based oxide semiconductor can be expected to have higher carrier mobility than a-Si.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that an amorphous oxide having an electron carrier concentration of less than 10 18 / cm 3 is 0.5 to 10 cm 2 when used in a channel layer of a TFT. It is disclosed that a field effect mobility of about / Vs can be obtained.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an oxide sintered body mainly made of indium and containing tungsten as a material suitably used for forming an oxide semiconductor film by a sputtering method or the like.
- the amorphous oxide described in Patent Document 1 has a problem in that it has a field effect mobility of about 10 cm 2 / Vs at the highest.
- a TFT including an oxide semiconductor film manufactured using an oxide sintered body described in Patent Document 2 as a channel layer has a problem that a threshold voltage Vth is larger than 4V.
- Vth is generally 2 to 4 V in a-Si, which is a semiconductor material of a TFT that has been used for display applications so far. Even when the semiconductor material is replaced with an oxide semiconductor, it is desirable from the viewpoint of simplicity of device design that it can operate at V th in the same range.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an oxide semiconductor film that can provide a semiconductor device exhibiting good threshold voltage and field effect mobility, and a semiconductor device including the oxide semiconductor film.
- An oxide semiconductor film according to one embodiment of the present invention is an oxide semiconductor film including a nanocrystalline oxide or an amorphous oxide, and contains indium, tungsten, and zinc, and includes indium in the oxide semiconductor film,
- the content of tungsten with respect to the total of tungsten and zinc is greater than 0.5 atomic% and 5 atomic% or less, and the electrical resistivity is 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm or more.
- a semiconductor device includes the oxide semiconductor film according to the above aspect.
- an oxide semiconductor film capable of providing a semiconductor device exhibiting a good threshold voltage and field effect mobility, and a semiconductor device including the oxide semiconductor film can be provided.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are schematic views illustrating an example of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a schematic plan view, and FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line IB-IB illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic plan view
- FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line IB-IB illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line IB-IB illustrated in FIG.
- An oxide semiconductor film according to an embodiment of the present invention is an oxide semiconductor film including a nanocrystalline oxide or an amorphous oxide, and contains indium, tungsten, and zinc.
- the content of tungsten with respect to the total of indium, tungsten and zinc is greater than 0.5 atomic% and 5 atomic% or less, and the electrical resistivity is 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm or more.
- the threshold voltage V th in a semiconductor device (for example, TFT) including this as a channel layer, the threshold voltage V th can be set to 0 to 4 V (or 2 to 4 V) and is high. Field effect mobility can be achieved.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to the present embodiment in the semiconductor device (for example, TFT) including this as a channel layer, the above-described good threshold voltage V th and field effect mobility are reduced while reducing the OFF current. Can also be realized. By reducing the OFF current, the ratio of the ON current to the OFF current can be increased with a low driving voltage.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to this embodiment may have a thickness of 2 nm to 25 nm. Setting the film thickness within this range is advantageous for improving the field effect mobility, reducing the threshold voltage V th , and / or reducing the OFF current.
- the atomic ratio (Zn / W ratio) of zinc to tungsten in the oxide semiconductor film can be 0.5 or more and 30 or less. Setting the Zn / W ratio within this range is advantageous for improving the field-effect mobility, reducing the threshold voltage V th , and / or reducing the OFF current.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to this embodiment can be obtained by a manufacturing method including a step of forming a film by a sputtering method.
- a semiconductor device for example, TFT
- the threshold voltage V th is set to 0 to 4 V (or 2 to 4 V) and high field effect mobility is realized. It is advantageous.
- a semiconductor device for example, TFT
- the oxide semiconductor film according to this embodiment can be obtained by heat treatment after film formation by sputtering or heat treatment while film formation by sputtering. This is because, in a semiconductor device (for example, TFT) including an oxide semiconductor film as a channel layer, the threshold voltage V th is set to 0 to 4 V (or 2 to 4 V) and high field effect mobility is realized. It is advantageous. In addition, in a semiconductor device (for example, TFT) including an oxide semiconductor film as a channel layer, it is advantageous in realizing the above-described good threshold voltage V th and field effect mobility while reducing the OFF current.
- a semiconductor device includes the oxide semiconductor film according to the above-described embodiment. Since the semiconductor device of this embodiment includes the oxide semiconductor film according to the above-described embodiment, the threshold voltage V th can be set to 0 to 4 V (or 2 to 4 V), and high field effect mobility is realized. can do. In the semiconductor device of the present embodiment, it is possible to realize the above-described good threshold voltage V th and field effect mobility while reducing the OFF current.
- TFT thin film transistor
- the semiconductor device may further include a layer disposed in contact with at least a part of the oxide semiconductor film.
- the layer can be at least one of a nanocrystalline layer and an amorphous layer. Further inclusion of this layer is advantageous in achieving a high field effect mobility in the semiconductor device while setting the threshold voltage V th to 0 to 4 V (more preferably 2 to 4 V). Further, in the semiconductor device, it is advantageous to realize the above-described good threshold voltage V th and field effect mobility while reducing the OFF current.
- the layer disposed in contact with at least a part of the oxide semiconductor film may be an oxide layer including at least one of silicon and aluminum.
- the threshold voltage V th is 0 to 4 V (or 2 to 4 V) and high field-effect mobility is achieved in a semiconductor device. It is advantageous in realizing. Further, in the semiconductor device, it is advantageous to realize the above-described good threshold voltage V th and field effect mobility while reducing the OFF current.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to this embodiment is an oxide semiconductor film composed of nanocrystalline oxide or amorphous oxide, and contains indium, tungsten, and zinc, and indium, tungsten, and zinc in the oxide semiconductor film.
- the content of tungsten is greater than 0.5 atomic% and 5 atomic% or less, and the electrical resistivity is 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm or more.
- the threshold voltage V th in a semiconductor device (for example, TFT) including this as a channel layer, the threshold voltage V th can be set to 0 to 4 V (or 2 to 4 V) and is high. Field effect mobility can be achieved.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to the present embodiment in the semiconductor device (for example, TFT) including this as a channel layer, the above-described good threshold voltage V th and field effect mobility are reduced while reducing the OFF current. Can also be realized. By reducing the OFF current, the ratio of the ON current to the OFF current can be increased with a low driving voltage.
- the “nanocrystalline oxide” means that only a broad peak appearing on a low angle side called a halo is observed without observing a peak due to a crystal even by X-ray diffraction measurement according to the following conditions.
- region is implemented according to the following conditions using a transmission electron microscope, the ring-shaped pattern is observed.
- the ring-shaped pattern includes a case where spots are gathered to form a ring-shaped pattern.
- amorphous oxide means that only a broad peak appearing on the low angle side called a halo is observed without a peak due to a crystal being observed even by X-ray diffraction measurement under the following conditions.
- Measuring method Micro electron diffraction method, Acceleration voltage: 200 kV, Beam diameter: Same or equivalent to the thickness of the oxide semiconductor film to be measured.
- an oxide semiconductor film as disclosed in Patent Document 3 includes a c-axis oriented crystal along a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film. When the nanocrystals in the region are oriented in a certain direction, a spot-like pattern is observed.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to this embodiment is formed of a nanocrystalline oxide
- the nanocrystal is observed on the surface of the film at least when a surface (film cross section) perpendicular to the film surface is observed.
- the crystal is not oriented and has random orientation. That is, the crystal axis is not oriented with respect to the film thickness direction.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to the present embodiment is composed of a nanocrystalline oxide or an amorphous oxide, a high field effect mobility of, for example, 30 cm 2 / Vs or more is achieved in a semiconductor device including the oxide semiconductor film as a channel layer. It is possible. In order to increase the mobility, the oxide semiconductor film according to this embodiment is more preferably composed of an amorphous oxide.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to this embodiment contains indium (In), tungsten (W), and zinc (Zn), and the W content relative to the total of In, W, and Zn contained in the oxide semiconductor film (hereinafter referred to as “the content of W”) , Also referred to as “W content”) is greater than 0.5 atomic% and not greater than 5 atomic%.
- the threshold voltage V th is set to 0 to 4 V (or 2 to 4 V) in a semiconductor device (eg, TFT) including an oxide semiconductor film as a channel layer. Can do.
- the W content is 0.5 atomic% or less, the carrier concentration becomes too high, and the threshold voltage V th increases toward the negative side.
- the W content is preferably 0.55 atomic% or more, more preferably 0.6 atomic% or more, and still more preferably It is 0.7 atomic% or more. Increasing the W content is desirable in terms of realizing an amorphous oxide.
- the W content when the W content is 5 atomic% or less, high field-effect mobility can be realized in a semiconductor device (eg, TFT) including an oxide semiconductor film as a channel layer.
- a semiconductor device eg, TFT
- the W content exceeds 5 atomic%, a sufficiently high field effect mobility cannot be obtained.
- the W content is preferably 4 atomic percent or less, more preferably 3 atomic percent or less, still more preferably 2 atomic percent or less, and particularly preferably 1.5 atomic percent. It is as follows.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to this embodiment has an electric resistivity of 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm or more.
- An oxide containing indium is known as a transparent conductive film.
- an electric resistivity is 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm.
- the oxide semiconductor film needs to have an electric resistivity of 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm or more. In order to realize the electrical resistivity, it is preferable to comprehensively examine the thickness, W content, Zn content, and Zn / W ratio of the oxide semiconductor film.
- heat treatment after the oxide semiconductor film is formed by a sputtering method is performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen, and / or at least part of the oxide semiconductor film is used.
- Heat treatment is preferably performed using an oxide for a layer in contact (etch stopper layer, gate insulating film, passivation film).
- the oxide semiconductor film according to this embodiment preferably has a thickness of 2 nm to 25 nm.
- the film thickness is 2 nm or more and 25 nm or less, high field-effect mobility can be easily realized in a semiconductor device including this as a channel layer.
- the film thickness exceeds 25 nm, an oxide semiconductor film that is a nanocrystalline oxide or an amorphous oxide may not be realized, and in this case, field-effect mobility decreases.
- the film thickness is 2 nm or more and 25 nm or less, it is easy to realize an oxide semiconductor film that is a nanocrystalline oxide or an amorphous oxide, and in a semiconductor device including this as a channel layer, high field effect mobility can be achieved. It is advantageous.
- the oxide semiconductor film having a film thickness of 2 nm or more and 25 nm or less and composed of nanocrystalline oxide or amorphous oxide, in a semiconductor device including this as a channel layer for example, a high electric field of 30 cm 2 / Vs or more. Effective mobility can be achieved.
- the thickness of the oxide semiconductor film is preferably 5 nm or more, and preferably 18 nm or less.
- the film thickness of the oxide semiconductor film is calculated by observing the cross section of the film with a transmission electron microscope, measuring the distance from the lowermost surface to the uppermost surface of the film, and dividing by the observation magnification. The distance is measured at 5 points, and the film thickness is calculated from the average value.
- the atomic ratio of Zn to W (Zn / W ratio) in the oxide semiconductor film is preferably 0.5 or more and 30 or less.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to this embodiment can be obtained, for example, by performing heat treatment after film formation by sputtering or by performing heat treatment while performing film formation by sputtering.
- the field effect mobility tends to decrease as the temperature of the heat treatment increases.
- the Zn / W ratio is 0.5 or more, the field-effect mobility can be kept high even when the temperature of the heat treatment increases. That is, when the Zn / W ratio is 0.5 or more, it is possible to suitably suppress a decrease in field effect mobility accompanying a temperature increase in heat treatment.
- the Zn / W ratio is less than 0.5, there is a tendency that the decrease in the field effect mobility accompanying the temperature increase of the heat treatment is not sufficiently suppressed, and the decrease is, for example, when the Zn content is zero It can be equivalent to a certain time.
- the Zn / W ratio is more preferably 0.6 or more, further preferably 1 or more, particularly preferably 3 or more, and most preferably 5 or more.
- the OFF current can be reduced in a semiconductor device (eg, TFT) including an oxide semiconductor film as a channel layer.
- the Zn / W ratio is more preferably 20 or less.
- the W content and increasing the Zn / W ratio it becomes possible to maintain the nanocrystalline oxide or amorphous oxide up to a larger film thickness.
- a value smaller than 0.2 is desirable from the viewpoint of increasing the field effect mobility.
- the contents of In, W, and Zn in the oxide semiconductor film are measured by RBS (Rutherford backscattering analysis). Based on this measurement result, the W content and the Zn / W ratio are calculated.
- RBS Rutherford backscattering analysis
- measurement is performed by TEM-EDX (a transmission electron microscope with an energy dispersive fluorescent X-ray analyzer). RBS measurement is desirable because of the accuracy of chemical composition measurement.
- TEM-EDX first, a calibration curve sample is made of In, W, Zn, and O, has a composition close to the oxide semiconductor film to be measured, and can be analyzed by RBS At least three or more oxide semiconductor films are prepared.
- the contents of In, W and Zn are measured by RBS, and the contents of In, W and Zn are measured by TEM-EDX. From these measured values, a calibration curve showing the relationship between the measured values of In, W and Zn contents by TEM-EDX and the measured values of In, W and Zn contents by RBS is created. Then, for the oxide semiconductor film to be measured, the contents of In, W and Zn are measured by TEM-EDX, and then the measured values are measured for the contents of In, W and Zn by RBS based on the calibration curve. Convert to value. This converted value is the content of In, W, and Zn in the oxide semiconductor film to be measured.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to this embodiment can be obtained by a manufacturing method including a step of forming a film by a sputtering method.
- a semiconductor device for example, TFT
- the threshold voltage V th is set to 0 to 4 V (or 2 to 4 V) and high field effect mobility is realized. It is advantageous.
- a semiconductor device for example, TFT
- film formation by sputtering is effective in increasing the field effect mobility.
- a target and a substrate are placed facing each other in a film formation chamber, a voltage is applied to the target, and the surface of the target is sputtered with a rare gas ion, so that atoms constituting the target are converted from the target.
- a pulse laser deposition (PLD) method As a method for forming the oxide semiconductor film, in addition to the sputtering method, a pulse laser deposition (PLD) method, a heating deposition method, and the like have been proposed. However, it is preferable to use the sputtering method for the above reason.
- PLD pulse laser deposition
- a magnetron sputtering method As the sputtering method, a magnetron sputtering method, a counter target type magnetron sputtering method, or the like can be used.
- Ar gas, Kr gas, and Xe gas can be used as the atmospheric gas at the time of sputtering, and oxygen gas can be mixed and used with these gases.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to this embodiment can be obtained by performing heat treatment after film formation by a sputtering method, or by performing heat treatment while performing film formation by a sputtering method. Accordingly, an oxide semiconductor film composed of nanocrystalline oxide or amorphous oxide can be easily obtained. Further, the oxide semiconductor film obtained by this method has a threshold voltage Vth of 0 to 4 V (or 2 to 4 V) and a high field effect transfer in a semiconductor device (for example, TFT) including this as a channel layer. It is advantageous in realizing the degree.
- a semiconductor device for example, TFT
- TFT semiconductor device
- oxide semiconductor film as a channel layer
- V th and field effect mobility while reducing the OFF current.
- the formation of the oxide semiconductor film by the above method is particularly effective for increasing the field effect mobility.
- the heat treatment that is performed while the film is formed by sputtering can be performed by heating the substrate during the film formation.
- the substrate temperature is preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 250 ° C. or lower.
- the heat treatment time corresponds to the film formation time, and the film formation time depends on the thickness of the oxide semiconductor film to be formed, but can be, for example, about 10 seconds to 10 minutes.
- heat treatment performed after film formation by sputtering can be performed by heating the substrate.
- the substrate temperature is preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 250 ° C. or lower.
- the atmosphere of the heat treatment may be various atmospheres such as air, nitrogen gas, nitrogen gas-oxygen gas, Ar gas, Ar-oxygen gas, water vapor-containing air, water vapor-containing nitrogen.
- the atmospheric pressure can be atmospheric pressure, reduced pressure conditions (for example, less than 0.1 Pa), and pressurized conditions (for example, 0.1 Pa to 9 MPa), but is preferably atmospheric pressure.
- the heat treatment time can be, for example, about 3 minutes to 2 hours, and preferably about 10 minutes to 90 minutes.
- the semiconductor device when an oxide layer (an etch stopper layer, a gate insulating film, or a passivation film) is not in contact with at least a part of the oxide semiconductor film, it is preferable to perform heat treatment in an atmosphere containing oxygen.
- An oxide semiconductor film obtained by heating in an atmosphere containing oxygen is advantageous in obtaining an electric resistivity of 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm or more.
- the threshold voltage V th is 0 to 4 V (more preferably 2 to 4 V), and it is advantageous in realizing high field effect mobility.
- a semiconductor device (for example, TFT) including an oxide semiconductor film as a channel layer it is advantageous for realizing the above-described good threshold voltage V th and field effect mobility while reducing the OFF current.
- the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment includes the oxide semiconductor film of the first embodiment. Since the semiconductor device of this embodiment includes the oxide semiconductor film of Embodiment 1, the threshold voltage V th can be set to 0 to 4 V (or 2 to 4 V) and high field effect mobility can be realized. be able to. In the semiconductor device of the present embodiment, it is possible to realize the above-described good threshold voltage V th and field effect mobility while reducing the OFF current. Although there is no restriction
- a semiconductor device 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a substrate 11, a gate electrode 12 disposed on the substrate 11, a gate insulating film 13 disposed as an insulating layer on the gate electrode 12, and a channel on the gate insulating film 13.
- An oxide semiconductor film 14 disposed as a layer, and a source electrode 15 and a drain electrode 16 disposed on the oxide semiconductor film 14 so as not to contact each other are included.
- the semiconductor device 20 shown in FIG. 2 is disposed on the oxide semiconductor film 14 and has an etch stopper layer 17 having contact holes, and a passivation film 18 disposed on the etch stopper layer 17, the source electrode 15, and the drain electrode 16.
- the semiconductor device 10 has the same configuration as that of the semiconductor device 10 shown in FIG. In the semiconductor device 20 shown in FIG. 2, the passivation film 18 can be omitted as in the semiconductor device 10 shown in FIG.
- the semiconductor device 30 shown in FIG. 3 has the same configuration as the semiconductor device 10 shown in FIG. 1 except that the semiconductor device 30 further includes a passivation film 18 disposed on the oxide semiconductor film 14, the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16.
- the semiconductor device includes the oxide semiconductor film of Embodiment 1, and is a layer disposed in contact with at least a part of the oxide semiconductor film, and includes at least a nanocrystalline layer and an amorphous layer. It is preferable to further include any one layer (hereinafter, this layer is also referred to as “adjacent layer”).
- this layer is also referred to as “adjacent layer”.
- the oxide semiconductor film 14 formed in contact with the adjacent layer is easily affected by the crystallinity of the adjacent layer, and becomes a film formed of a nanocrystalline oxide or an amorphous oxide. Accordingly, good field effect mobility can be imparted to the semiconductor device.
- the semiconductor device including the adjacent layer high field-effect mobility can be maintained even when the temperature of the heat treatment described above is high. Even when the temperature of the heat treatment is higher, a high field-effect mobility can be maintained if a film composed of amorphous oxide can be maintained.
- the entire adjacent layer may be at least one of nanocrystal and amorphous, and the portion in contact with the oxide semiconductor film may be at least one of nanocrystal and amorphous.
- the portion that is at least one of nanocrystal and amorphous may be the whole in the film surface direction in the adjacent layer, or may be a part of the surface in contact with the oxide semiconductor film.
- the adjacent layer that is at least one of the nanocrystal layer and the amorphous layer may be a layer formed in contact with the oxide semiconductor film 14 as a base (lower layer) of the oxide semiconductor film 14 or an oxide. It may be an upper layer formed on and in contact with the semiconductor film 14.
- the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment can include two or more adjacent layers. In this case, these adjacent layers can be a lower layer and an upper layer of the oxide semiconductor film 14.
- the gate insulating film 13 may be the adjacent layer.
- the gate insulating film 13 and / or the etch stopper layer 17 may be the adjacent layer.
- the gate insulating film 13 and / or the passivation film 18 may be the adjacent layer.
- the adjacent layer is preferably an oxide layer containing at least one of silicon and aluminum. It is advantageous for the adjacent layer to be an oxide layer containing at least one of silicon and aluminum in order to make the electric resistivity 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm or more. In addition, it is advantageous for imparting good field effect mobility to a semiconductor device, and in particular, for providing a semiconductor device capable of maintaining high field effect mobility even when the temperature of the above heat treatment is high. Is advantageous. In addition, when the adjacent layer is an oxide layer containing at least one of silicon and aluminum, it can be advantageous for reduction of OFF current.
- the oxide containing at least one of silicon and aluminum is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include silicon oxide (SiO x ) and aluminum oxide (Al m O n ).
- the substrate 11 is referred to with reference to FIG.
- a step of forming a gate electrode 12 thereon (FIG. 4A), a step of forming a gate insulating film 13 as an insulating layer on the gate electrode 12 (FIG. 4B), and a channel on the gate insulating film 13
- a step of forming the oxide semiconductor film 14 as a layer (FIG. 4C) and a step of forming the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16 over the oxide semiconductor film 14 so as not to contact each other (FIG. 4D).
- FIG. 4A A step of forming a gate electrode 12 thereon
- FIG. 4B A step of forming a gate insulating film 13 as an insulating layer on the gate electrode 12
- a channel on the gate insulating film 13 A step of forming the oxide semiconductor film 14 as a layer (FIG. 4C) and a step of forming the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16 over the oxide semiconductor film 14 so as not to contact each other (FIG. 4D).
- gate electrode 12 is formed on substrate 11.
- the substrate 11 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a quartz glass substrate, an alkali-free glass substrate, an alkali glass substrate, or the like from the viewpoint of increasing transparency, price stability, and surface smoothness.
- the gate electrode 12 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a Mo electrode, a Ti electrode, a W electrode, an Al electrode, a Cu electrode, or the like because it has high oxidation resistance and low electrical resistance.
- the formation method of the gate electrode 12 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, or the like because it can be uniformly formed in a large area on the main surface of the substrate 11.
- a gate insulating film 13 is formed on the gate electrode 12 as an insulating layer.
- the method for forming the gate insulating film 13 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method or the like from the viewpoint of being able to be uniformly formed in a large area and ensuring insulation.
- the material of the gate insulating film 13 is not particularly limited, but is preferably silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicon nitride (SiN y ) or the like from the viewpoint of insulation. Further, when the gate insulating film 13 is the above-described adjacent layer, it is preferably an oxide containing at least one of silicon and aluminum such as silicon oxide (SiO x ) and aluminum oxide (Al m O n ). .
- an oxide semiconductor film 14 is formed as a channel layer over the gate insulating film 13.
- the oxide semiconductor film 14 is preferably formed including a step of forming a film by a sputtering method.
- heat treatment is performed after film formation by a sputtering method, or film formation is performed by a sputtering method. It is preferably formed by heat treatment.
- a material target for the sputtering method an In—W—Zn—O sintered body is used.
- the sintered body target for example, those described in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2014-164142 and 2014-061493 can be used.
- source electrode 15 and drain electrode 16 are formed on oxide semiconductor film 14 so as not to contact each other.
- the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16 are not particularly limited, but have a high oxidation resistance, a low electric resistance, and a low contact electric resistance with the oxide semiconductor film 14, so that the Mo electrode, the Ti electrode, and the W electrode Al electrode, Cu electrode and the like are preferable.
- a method for forming the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16 is not particularly limited, but it can be uniformly formed in a large area on the main surface of the substrate 11 on which the oxide semiconductor film 14 is formed. It is preferable that it is a law etc.
- a method for forming the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16 so as not to contact each other is not particularly limited, but etching using a photoresist is possible because a pattern of the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16 having a large area can be formed uniformly. Formation by a method is preferred.
- This manufacturing method further includes a step of forming an etch stopper layer 17 having a contact hole 17a and a step of forming a passivation film 18.
- 1 can be the same as the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device 10 shown in FIG. 1, and specifically, referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, a step of forming the gate electrode 12 on the substrate 11 (FIG. 4A). )), A step of forming a gate insulating film 13 as an insulating layer on the gate electrode 12 (FIG. 4B), and a step of forming an oxide semiconductor film 14 as a channel layer on the gate insulating film 13 (FIG. 4).
- the material of the etch stopper layer 17 is not particularly limited, but is preferably silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicon nitride (SiN y ), aluminum oxide (Al m O n ) or the like from the viewpoint of insulation.
- the etch stopper layer 17 is the above-described adjacent layer, it is preferably an oxide containing at least one of silicon and aluminum such as silicon oxide (SiO x ) and aluminum oxide (Al m O n ).
- the etch stopper layer 17 may be a combination of films made of different materials.
- the method for forming the etch stopper layer 17 is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of being able to be uniformly formed in a large area and ensuring insulation, it is possible to use a plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, a sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method, or the like. Preferably there is.
- the contact hole 17 a is formed in the etch stopper layer 17 after the etch stopper layer 17 is formed on the oxide semiconductor film 14.
- Examples of the method for forming the contact hole 17a include dry etching or wet etching. By etching the etch stopper layer 17 by this method to form the contact hole 17a, the surface of the oxide semiconductor film 14 is exposed in the etched portion.
- the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16 are formed on the oxide semiconductor film 14 and the etch stopper layer 17 in the same manner as the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device 10 shown in FIG. After forming so as not to contact each other (FIG. 5C), a passivation film 18 is formed on the etch stopper layer 17, the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16 (FIG. 5D).
- the material of the passivation film 18 is not particularly limited, but is preferably silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicon nitride (SiN y ), aluminum oxide (Al m O n ) or the like from the viewpoint of insulation. Further, when the passivation film 18 is the above-described adjacent layer, it is preferably an oxide containing at least one of silicon and aluminum such as silicon oxide (SiO x ) and aluminum oxide (Al m O n ).
- the passivation film 18 may be a combination of films made of different materials.
- the formation method of the passivation film 18 is not particularly limited, but is a plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, a sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method, etc. from the viewpoint that it can be uniformly formed in a large area and to ensure insulation. It is preferable.
- a back channel etch (BCE) structure is employed without forming the etch stopper layer 17, and the oxide semiconductor film 14, the source electrode 15, and the drain electrode 16 are formed.
- the passivation film 18 may be formed directly. With respect to the passivation film 18 in this case, the above description of the passivation film 18 included in the semiconductor device 20 shown in FIG. 2 is cited.
- TFT Semiconductor Device
- a synthetic quartz glass substrate having a size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ thickness 0.6 mm is prepared as a substrate 11, and a Mo electrode having a thickness of 100 nm is formed on the substrate 11 as a gate electrode 12 by sputtering. Formed.
- GI layer the material of the gate insulating film 13 used in each example and comparative example is described.
- an oxide semiconductor film 14 having a thickness of 10 nm was formed on the gate insulating film 13 by DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering.
- a plane having a target diameter of 3 inches (76.2 mm) was a sputter surface.
- the target used was a sintered body of In—W—Zn—O, in which the W content and the Zn / W ratio in the oxide semiconductor film 14 were as shown in Table 1. W content and Zn content were adjusted.
- the target was disposed at a distance of 90 mm so as to face the gate insulating film 13.
- the target was sputtered as follows with the vacuum in the film formation chamber being about 6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa.
- a mixed gas of Ar (argon) gas and O 2 (oxygen) gas was introduced into the film formation chamber up to a pressure of 0.5 Pa in a state where a shutter was put between the gate insulating film 13 and the target.
- the O 2 gas content in the mixed gas was 20% by volume.
- Sputtering discharge was caused by applying a DC power of 110 W to the target, thereby cleaning the target surface (pre-sputtering) for 5 minutes.
- the substrate holder was water-cooled or heated to adjust the temperature of the substrate 11 during and after film formation.
- the substrate holder is heated during film formation to change the substrate temperature to “ The heat treatment was carried out at the same time as the film formation by adjusting to the temperature described in the column “Processing temperature”. In this case, the heat treatment time corresponds to the film formation time.
- the substrate temperature is set to 20 by cooling the substrate holder with water during film formation.
- the substrate temperature is set in the column “Processing temperature” in Table 1 by heating the substrate holder after film formation (specifically after forming the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16 as described later).
- the heat treatment was carried out by adjusting to a certain temperature.
- the film formation time is, for example, about 14 seconds when the thickness of the oxide semiconductor film 14 is 5 nm (Example 16), and when the thickness of the oxide semiconductor film 14 is 25 nm (Example 1). It was about 70 seconds.
- the film formation time was adjusted so that the thickness of the oxide semiconductor film 14 was as shown in Table 1.
- the oxide semiconductor film 14 was formed by the DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering method using the target processed from the oxide sintered body.
- the oxide semiconductor film 14 functions as a channel layer in the TFT.
- Table 1 shows the thickness of the oxide semiconductor film 14 formed in each example and comparative example. The film thickness of the oxide semiconductor film was calculated by observing the film cross section with a transmission electron microscope, measuring the distance from the lowermost surface to the uppermost surface of the film, and dividing by the observation magnification. The distance was measured at 5 points, and the film thickness was calculated from the average value.
- a source electrode forming portion 14s, a drain electrode forming portion 14d, and a channel portion 14c were formed.
- the size of the main surface of the source electrode formation portions 14s and the drain electrode formation unit 14d 50 [mu] m ⁇ 50 [mu] m, with reference to the channel length C L (FIG. 1 (A) and (B), and the channel length C L refers to the distance of the channel portion 14c between the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16.) is 30 [mu] m, with reference to the channel width C W (FIG. 1 (a) and (B), the channel width C W The width of the channel portion 14c) is 40 ⁇ m.
- the channel portion 14c has 25 ⁇ 25 ⁇ 25 mm in the main surface of 75 mm ⁇ 75 mm and 25 ⁇ 25 in the main surface of the 75 mm ⁇ 75 mm so that the TFTs are arranged in the length of 25 ⁇ 25 in the main surface of 75 mm ⁇ 75 mm. Arranged.
- the substrate 11 was immersed in the etching aqueous solution at 40 ° C.
- the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16 were formed on the oxide semiconductor film 14 separately from each other.
- a resist (not shown) is applied on the oxide semiconductor film 14 so that only the main surfaces of the source electrode forming portion 14s and the drain electrode forming portion 14d of the oxide semiconductor film 14 are exposed. , Exposed and developed. Next, a Mo electrode having a thickness of 100 nm, which is the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16, was formed on the main surfaces of the source electrode forming portion 14 s and the drain electrode forming portion 14 d of the oxide semiconductor film 14 by sputtering. Thereafter, the resist on the oxide semiconductor film 14 was peeled off.
- Each of the Mo electrode as the source electrode 15 and the Mo electrode as the drain electrode 16 has one channel portion 14c so that the TFTs are arranged 25 ⁇ 25 ⁇ 3 mm apart at an interval of 3 mm in the main surface of the substrate of 75 mm ⁇ 75 mm. One for each.
- the substrate holder is heated after the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16 are formed, and the substrate temperature was adjusted to the temperature described in the column of “Processing temperature” in Table 1, and the heat treatment was performed in an air atmosphere.
- the heat treatment time was about 14 minutes.
- a passivation film 18 was formed on the oxide semiconductor film 14, the source electrode 15, and the drain electrode 16 with reference to FIG. 3.
- An Al m O n film having a thickness of 100 nm was formed by a sputtering method, and then a SiN y film having a thickness of 200 nm was formed thereon by a plasma CVD method.
- SiO x is described in the “PV layer” column in Table 1 below, and when the amorphous oxide layer is an Al m O n film, the “PV layer” "” Describes "Al m O n ".
- the passivation film 18 on the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16 was etched by reactive ion etching to form a contact hole, thereby exposing a part of the surface of the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16.
- annealing treatment was performed at 250 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. This annealing treatment was performed for all the examples and comparative examples. In the examples, the annealing treatment was performed at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere following the annealing treatment at 250 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. Through the above steps, a TFT including the oxide semiconductor film 14 as a channel layer was obtained.
- the characteristics of the TFT which is the semiconductor device 10 were evaluated as follows. First, a measuring needle was brought into contact with the gate electrode 12, the source electrode 15, and the drain electrode 16. A source-drain voltage V ds of 0.3 V is applied between the source electrode 15 and the drain electrode 16, and a source-gate voltage V gs applied between the source electrode 15 and the gate electrode 12 is changed from ⁇ 10 V. The source-drain current I ds at that time was measured while changing to 15V.
- V gs ⁇ (I ds ) 1 Then, the relationship between the source-gate voltage V gs and the square root [(I ds ) 1/2 ] of the source-drain current I ds was graphed (hereinafter this graph is expressed as “V gs ⁇ (I ds ) 1”. Also called “ / 2 curve”.) V gs- (I ds ) A tangent line is drawn on the 1/2 curve, and the point (x intercept) where the tangent line with the point where the slope of the tangent is the maximum intersects the x axis (V gs ) is defined as the threshold voltage V th . did.
- the source-drain current I ds when the source-gate voltage V gs is ⁇ 5 V is defined as the OFF current.
- the threshold voltage V th and OFF current were measured for TFTs after annealing at 250 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere (before annealing at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere).
- the field-effect mobility ⁇ fe after annealing at 250 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere is shown in the “mobility (250 ° C.)” column of Table 1.
- the field effect mobility ⁇ fe after the annealing treatment at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes in the nitrogen atmosphere measured for the examples is shown in the column of “mobility (300 ° C.)” in Table 1.
- Table 1 it can be seen that the larger the Zn / W ratio, the smaller the difference between the mobility (250 ° C.) and the mobility (300 ° C.).
- TFT Semiconductor device
- 11 substrate 12 gate electrode, 13 gate insulating film, 14 oxide semiconductor film, 14c channel part, 14d drain electrode forming part, 14s source electrode forming part, 15 source electrode 16 drain electrode, 17 etch stopper layer, 17a contact hole, 18 passivation film.
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Abstract
Description
まず、本発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。
[実施形態1:酸化物半導体膜]
本実施形態に係る酸化物半導体膜は、ナノ結晶酸化物またはアモルファス酸化物で構成される酸化物半導体膜であり、インジウム、タングステンおよび亜鉛を含有し、酸化物半導体膜中のインジウム、タングステンおよび亜鉛の合計に対するタングステンの含有率が0.5原子%より大きく、5原子%以下であり、電気抵抗率が10-1Ωcm以上である。本実施形態に係る酸化物半導体膜によれば、これをチャネル層として含む半導体デバイス(たとえばTFT)において、閾値電圧Vthを0~4V(さらには2~4V)にすることができるとともに、高い電界効果移動度を実現することができる。また、本実施形態に係る酸化物半導体膜によれば、これをチャネル層として含む半導体デバイス(たとえばTFT)において、そのOFF電流を小さくしながら、上記の良好な閾値電圧Vthおよび電界効果移動度を実現することも可能になる。OFF電流が小さくなることにより、低い駆動電圧でOFF電流に対するON電流の比を高くすることができる。
測定方法:In-plane法(スリットコリメーション法)、
X線発生部:対陰極Cu、出力50kV 300mA、
検出部:シンチレーションカウンタ、
入射部:スリットコリメーション、
ソーラースリット:入射側 縦発散角0.48°
受光側 縦発散角0.41°、
スリット:入射側 S1=1mm*10mm
受光側 S2=0.2mm*10mm、
走査条件:走査軸 2θχ/φ、
走査モード:ステップ測定、走査範囲 10~80°、ステップ幅0.1°、
ステップ時間 8sec.。
測定方法:極微電子線回折法、
加速電圧:200kV、
ビーム径:測定対象である酸化物半導体膜の膜厚と同じか、または同等。
本実施形態に係る半導体デバイスは、実施形態1の酸化物半導体膜を含む。本実施形態の半導体デバイスは、実施形態1の酸化物半導体膜を含むため、閾値電圧Vthを0~4V(さらには2~4V)にすることができるとともに、高い電界効果移動度を実現することができる。また、本実施形態の半導体デバイスにおいて、そのOFF電流を小さくしながら、上記の良好な閾値電圧Vthおよび電界効果移動度を実現することも可能になる。半導体デバイスとは、特に制限はないが、実施形態1の酸化物半導体膜をチャネル層として含むTFTが好適な例である。
図4(A)を参照して、基板11上にゲート電極12を形成する。基板11は、特に制限されないが、透明性、価格安定性、および表面平滑性を高くする観点から、石英ガラス基板、無アルカリガラス基板、アルカリガラス基板等であることが好ましい。ゲート電極12は、特に制限されないが、耐酸化性が高くかつ電気抵抗が低い点から、Mo電極、Ti電極、W電極、Al電極、Cu電極等であることが好ましい。ゲート電極12の形成方法は、特に制限されないが、基板11の主面上に大面積で均一に形成できる点から、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法等であることが好ましい。
図4(B)を参照して、ゲート電極12上に絶縁層としてゲート絶縁膜13を形成する。ゲート絶縁膜13の形成方法は、特に制限はないが、大面積で均一に形成できる点および絶縁性を確保する点から、プラズマCVD(化学気相堆積)法等であることが好ましい。
図4(C)を参照して、ゲート絶縁膜13上にチャネル層として酸化物半導体膜14を形成する。上述のように、酸化物半導体膜14は、スパッタリング法により成膜する工程を含んで形成されることが好ましく、たとえばスパッタリング法による成膜後に加熱処理するか、またはスパッタリング法により成膜を行いながら加熱処理することによって形成されることが好ましい。スパッタリング法の原料ターゲットとしては、In-W-Zn-O焼結体を用いる。焼結体ターゲットとしては、たとえば特願2014-164142号、特願2014-061493号に記載のものを用いることができる。
図4(D)を参照して、酸化物半導体膜14上にソース電極15およびドレイン電極16を互いに接触しないように形成する。ソース電極15およびドレイン電極16は、特に制限はないが、耐酸化性が高く、電気抵抗が低く、かつ酸化物半導体膜14との接触電気抵抗が低いことから、Mo電極、Ti電極、W電極、Al電極、Cu電極等であることが好ましい。ソース電極15およびドレイン電極16を形成する方法は、特に制限はないが、酸化物半導体膜14が形成された基板11の主面上に大面積で均一に形成できる点から、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法等であることが好ましい。ソース電極15およびドレイン電極16を互いに接触しないように形成する方法は、特に制限はないが、大面積で均一なソース電極15とドレイン電極16のパターンを形成できる点から、フォトレジストを使ったエッチング法による形成であることが好ましい。
(1)酸化物半導体膜を備える半導体デバイス(TFT)の作製
次の手順で図3に示される半導体デバイス30と類似の構成を有するTFTを作製した。図4(A)を参照して、まず、基板11として50mm×50mm×厚み0.6mmの合成石英ガラス基板を準備し、その基板11上にスパッタリング法によりゲート電極12として厚み100nmのMo電極を形成した。
作製したTFTが備える酸化物半導体膜14の結晶性を上述の測定方法および定義に従って評価した。表1における「結晶性」の欄には、ナノ結晶である場合には「ナノ結晶」と、アモルファスである場合には、「アモルファス」と記載している。また、酸化物半導体膜14中のIn、WおよびZnの含有量を、RBS(ラザフォード後方散乱分析)により測定した。これらの含有量に基づいて酸化物半導体膜14のW含有率(原子%)およびZn/W比(原子数比)をそれぞれ算出した。結果を表1に示す。
ソース電極15とドレイン電極16に測定針を接触させた。次に、ソース-ドレイン電極間に電圧を1Vから20Vに変化させて印加しながら、ソース-ドレイン間電流Idsを測定した。Ids-Vgsのグラフを描いたときの傾きが抵抗Rである。この抵抗Rと、チャネル長さCL(30μm)、チャネル幅CW(40μm)、膜厚tから、電気抵抗率は、R×CW×t/CLとして求めることができる。実施例の酸化物半導体膜は全て10-1Ωcm以上であることを確認した。一方、比較例の酸化物半導体膜は全て10-1Ωcm未満であることを確認した。
半導体デバイス10であるTFTの特性を次のようにして評価した。まず、ゲート電極12、ソース電極15およびドレイン電極16に測定針を接触させた。ソース電極15とドレイン電極16との間に0.3Vのソース-ドレイン間電圧Vdsを印加し、ソース電極15とゲート電極12との間に印加するソース-ゲート間電圧Vgsを-10Vから15Vに変化させて、そのときのソース-ドレイン間電流Idsを測定した。そして、ソース-ゲート間電圧Vgsとソース-ドレイン間電流Idsの平方根〔(Ids)1/2〕との関係をグラフ化した(以下、このグラフを「Vgs-(Ids)1/2曲線」ともいう。)。Vgs-(Ids)1/2曲線に接線を引き、その接線の傾きが最大となる点を接点とする接線がx軸(Vgs)と交わる点(x切片)を閾値電圧Vthとした。また、ソース-ゲート間電圧Vgsが-5Vのときのソース-ドレイン間電流IdsをOFF電流とした。閾値電圧VthおよびOFF電流は、窒素雰囲気中250℃30分間のアニール処理を実施した後(窒素雰囲気中300℃30分間のアニール処理前)のTFTについて測定した。
gm=dIds/dVgs 〔a〕
に従って、ソース-ドレイン間電流Idsをソース-ゲート間電圧Vgsについて微分することによりgmを導出した。そしてVgs=8.0Vにおけるgmの値を用いて、下記式〔b〕:
μfe=gm・CL/(CW・Ci・Vds) 〔b〕
に基づいて、電界効果移動度μfeを算出した。上記式〔b〕におけるチャネル長さCLは30μmであり、チャネル幅CWは40μmである。また、ゲート絶縁膜13のキャパシタンスCiは3.4×10-8F/cm2とし、ソース-ドレイン間電圧Vdsは0.3Vとした。
Claims (8)
- ナノ結晶酸化物またはアモルファス酸化物で構成される酸化物半導体膜であって、
インジウム、タングステンおよび亜鉛を含有し、
前記酸化物半導体膜中のインジウム、タングステンおよび亜鉛の合計に対するタングステンの含有率が0.5原子%より大きく、5原子%以下であり、
電気抵抗率が10-1Ωcm以上である、酸化物半導体膜。 - 膜厚が2nm以上25nm以下である、請求項1に記載の酸化物半導体膜。
- 前記酸化物半導体膜中のタングステンに対する亜鉛の原子比(Zn/W比)が0.5以上30以下である、請求項1に記載の酸化物半導体膜。
- スパッタリング法により成膜する工程を含む製造方法によって得られる、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の酸化物半導体膜。
- スパッタリング法による成膜後に加熱処理するか、またはスパッタリング法により成膜を行いながら加熱処理することによって得られる、請求項4に記載の酸化物半導体膜。
- 請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の酸化物半導体膜を含む、半導体デバイス。
- 前記酸化物半導体膜の少なくとも一部と接して配置される層をさらに含み、
前記層は、ナノ結晶層およびアモルファス層の少なくともいずれか1つである、請求項6に記載の半導体デバイス。 - 前記層は、シリコンおよびアルミニウムの少なくともいずれか1つを含む酸化物層である、請求項7に記載の半導体デバイス。
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TW201639174A (zh) | 2016-11-01 |
JP6551414B2 (ja) | 2019-07-31 |
US20170012133A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
TWI677990B (zh) | 2019-11-21 |
EP3101692A1 (en) | 2016-12-07 |
JPWO2016121152A1 (ja) | 2017-09-28 |
CN106104811A (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
KR101948998B1 (ko) | 2019-02-15 |
KR20160120774A (ko) | 2016-10-18 |
US10192994B2 (en) | 2019-01-29 |
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