Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
  • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
  • F24F12/006—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an air-to-air heat exchanger
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
  • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
  • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
  • F24F3/147—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification with both heat and humidity transfer between supplied and exhausted air
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
  • F28D21/0014—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from waste air or from vapors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D21/0015—Heat and mass exchangers, e.g. with permeable walls
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
  • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
  • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
  • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
  • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
  • F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
  • F28F3/046—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being linear, e.g. corrugations
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
  • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
  • F28F9/0265—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
  • F28F9/0268—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box in the form of multiple deflectors for channeling the heat exchange medium
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
  • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
  • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
  • F24F2003/1435—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification comprising semi-permeable membrane
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
  • F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
  • F28F2225/04—Reinforcing means for conduits
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
  • F28F2255/14—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes molded
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
  • Y02B30/56—Heat recovery units

Definitions

• a counter-flow enthalpy exchanger having a parallelogram-shaped central part, at whose ends it is joined in the flow direction through the exchanger by end parts which become narrower in the direction from the central part, whereby for the separation of the flow of the heat transfer medium in the direction from the inner space, to the outer space are arranged vapour-permeable lamellae with identical contours which are sealed with respect to the flowing medium and have shaping means for generating turbulent flow. Moreover, every two adjacent lamellae in the central part form one inter-plate flow channel.
• Heat-transfer surfaces of the actual exchanger are water vapour- permeable pleated sheets stacked in layers on top of each other in such a manner that they form a system of parallel channels which are separated from each other. Through them flow against each other the warmer fluid giving off heat and vapour and the cooler fluid receiving heat and vapour.
• the outlets and inlets are performed by means of distribution systems connected to both sides of the exchanger.
• the above-mentioned device is substantially characterized by laminar flow of the heat- transfer medium in the straight channels of the exchanger. However, this is not favorable especially with regard to the efficiency of the exchanger itself.
• the structure of the individual layers formed by connecting the actual heat-transfer surface to the system of fluid supply and exhaust is relatively complicated.
• the exchanger according to patent CZ 300299 B6 comprises a frame in which are arranged layers of thin lamellae, in which is alternately led the air exiting the room and the air entering the room.
• Each of the lamellae has an inlet and outlet area for the flowing medium in its end parts.
• the middle part of the lamellae is formed by channels whose task is to change the direction and velocity of the air flow, since the turbulence of a gaseous medium significantly increases the efficiency of heat exchange.
• the material of the walls of the lamellae is a thin metal or plastic film. Such a material has sufficient rigidity and therefore there is no need to reinforce it by frames or other reinforcing elements. This is advantageous with respect to achieving the maximum possible area of the efficient surface of the exchanger.
• the supporting part of a lamella of an enthalpy exchanger is formed by reinforcing supporting distance grids, which form rigid plastic skeletons coated with a material fulfilling the function of a vapour-permeable membrane. Owing to the fact that the membrane is glued onto the skeleton, the skeleton decreases the functional area of the lamella, thereby decreasing the efficiency of both heat and moisture transfer.
• the aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the enthalpy exchanger without increasing outer dimensions of the exchanger and without a significant increase in the costs of production of its lamellae.
• the aim of the invention is achieved by an enthalpy exchanger comprising flow lamellae for two counter-flow streams of the medium, whose principle is the fact that a lamella is made as a self-supporting moulding of the central part and end parts without a reinforcing supporting grid, whereby the lamella is vapour-permeable.
• Such lamellae do not contain reinforcing elements, for example grids which decrease the heat-transfer and vapour-transfer area.
• the end parts of the lamella comprise protrusions situated in the direction the heat-transfer medium flow between the central part and a corresponding inlet or outlet of this medium. That decreases resistance to the flow in these sections, by which means the effectiveness of the exchanger is higher.
• the self-supporting moulding is composite, whereby one of its components is formed by a supporting nonwoven layer, Which is connected to a vapour-permeable membrane.
• the material of the vapour-permeable membrane is sulfonated block copolymer, which has very good properties in terms of vapour permeability, strength and dimensional stability both in dry and wet conditions.
• connection of the supporting nonwoven layer with the vapour-permeable membrane is accomplished by moulding or welding or gluing or dipping. This is favourable from the point of view of technology, since it can be performed on known coating or laminating devices.
• the lamellae are mutually connected at least in some parts of the circumference by welding or gluing by means of airtight weld joints. In this manner, it is possible to obtain a perfect separation of the incoming and outgoing medium in an economical manner.
• the lamella is made by pressing from a planar blank held along the circumference between forming plates having a temperature higher than 40°C.
• Fig. 1 shows an oblique view of an enthalpy exchanger with the directions of the working medium flow
• Fig. 2 illustrates a lateral view of the enthalpy exchanger from Fig. 1 in the direction P1
• Fig. 3 shows a plan view of a lamella
• Fig. 4a shows a cross-section C-C from Fig. 3
• Fig. 4b represents a detail of the curve of the protrusions of the central part of the lamella from Fig. 3
• Fig. 5 shows an oblique view of the part of the exchanger comprising four lamellae in their joined state
• Fig. 6 is a detail of the end part from Fig. 5.
• An enthalpy exchanger is a device serving to transfer heat and humidity from a gaseous medium coming out of the inner working space to a gaseous medium coming from the outer space into the inner space.
• the basic constructional element of an enthalpy exchanger is a profiled plate, hereinafter referred to as a lamella 10.
• the lamellae 10 are stacked in layers on top of each other, whereby adjacent lamellae are along part of their circumferences connected to each other.
• alternating flow interplate spaces arise between pairs of lamellae 10 forming channels 2 for the flow of a gaseous medium in the direction A from the enclosed space to the outer space and channels 3 for the flow of the gaseous medium in the direction B from the outer space to the enclosed space.
• These lamellae allow heat transfer from the heated and humid medium which is taken away, e.g., from an air-conditioned space to a cool and usually dry medium supplied from outside.
• the lamellae 10 is substantially a moulding made of a planar blank comprising protrusions and recesses on both sides.
• a set of lamellae 10 is inserted and fixed in a casing 100 of the enthalpy exchanger 1.
• Both outer lamellae 1( which are adjacent to the side walls inside the casing 100. contribute to the desired character of the medium flow in both end flow spaces, heat and moisture exchange through them virtually does not occur.
• FIGs. 1 and 2 A diagram of the exchanger is shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In these hatched are the areas between the lamellae 10, or ItT, the areas between inlet or outlet nozzles in the flow inter-plate spaces, while the closed flow inter-plate spaces are not hatched.
• the lamella 10 consists of two components.
• the first component is a supporting layer of nonwoven fabric, which is coated with a vapour-permeable membrane.
• the membrane is made of sulfonated block polymer.
• the connection of the supporting nonwoven layer with the vapour-permeable membrane is accomplished by moulding or gluing or dipping.
• Sulfonated block polymer is advantageous with respect to the degree of vapour permeability, rigidity and dimensional stability both in dry and wet conditions.
• protrusions and recesses can be formed by compressing in the area of the resulting lamella, their purpose being to generate turbulent flow of the medium passing through the gap which constitutes a flow channel between two adjacent lamellae 10 1( .
• turbulent flow increases heat transfer and moisture passage efficiency of the flowing medium separated by the lamella.
• a major advantage is the self-supporting structure of the lamella lO.This structure does not contain a reinforcing grid, which in other structures decreases the efficient area for the exchange of heat and humidity between the exhaust and supply stream of the gaseous medium.
• lamella lOx and 10y One clear area in the casing 100 of the exchanger 1_ is formed by two lamellae 10, which have the same area contour but which differ by the direction of the bending of peripheral edges, by means of which the lamellae are mutually connected.
• lamella lOx and 10y Two lamellae 10, which have the same area contour but which differ by the direction of the bending of peripheral edges, by means of which the lamellae are mutually connected.
• the central part 11 of the lamella 10 has the shape substantially of a square or rectangle, which is joined in the direction of the length of the lamella by the end part 12, 13, whose area becomes narrower in the direction from the central part.
• the areas of the end parts are triangular. This facilitates an arrangement of the input and output flow of the medium through the exchanger diagonally (see Fig. 1).
• the flow space between two adjacent lamellae 10 is not divided by any closed partition. It is, of course, possible for the shape of the central part to be also a rectangle or rhomboid with, for example, adjoining unequal-sided triangles of the end parts 12, 13.
• the central part ⁇ of the lamella lOx is in an example of embodiment according to Fig. 3 shaped by longitudinal parallel undulated protrusions 111.
• the curve of their ridges 111 ' is in the plane of the surface of the lamella 10 substantially a sinusoid Sx.
• the distance between two neighbouring ridges 111 " is a pitch R.
• the ridges 111 ' of the protrusions 111 are indicated by the solid line, recesses in the middle between them form protrusions on the other side of the lamella 10.
• the cross- section C-C of the central part from Fig. 3 is shown in Fig. 4a.
• the height v of the wave of the protrusions 111 that is the maximum thickness of the lamella I O J is 3.5 mm.
• the sinusoid Sx of the ridge 111 ' of the protrusions 111 starts in the part adjacent to the end part 12 with a lower peak DV. In the part adjacent to the end part 13 j the sinusoid Sx ends with an upper peak jHV.
• the edge 123 of the end part 12 (in Fig. 3 up on the left) is bent upwards, the second edge 124 of the end part 12 is bent downwards.
• the edge 133 of the end triangular part 13 parallel to the edge 123 of the end triangular part 12 is bent upwards, while the edge 134 of the end triangular part 13 parallel to the edge 124 of the end triangular part 12 is bent downwards.
• the sinusoid Sy of the ridqe111 " of the protrusions 111 is shifted relative to the position of the sinusoid Sx of the lamella 10x by half the length ⁇ of the wave of the sinusoid Sx, S so that it begins in the part adjacent to the end part 12 with the upper peak HV and in the part adjacent to the end part 13 ends with the sinusoid Sy_ with the lower peak DV (Fig. 4b).
• the adjacent ridges 111 ' . 111 " touch each other as well.
• the end triangular parts 12, 13 are provided with moulded straight elongated discontinuous protrusions 121. 131 , which have the direction of the medium flow in this part of the flow space and which on the opposite side of the lamella form recesses 122,132, which do not worsen the flow on this opposite side of the lamella, although they are perpendicular to this direction.
• the height of the protrusions 121, 31 and recesses 122, 132 of the end parts 12, 13 is at the most 1 ,7 mm.
• the thickness and planar dimensions of the lamella 10, the height of the protrusions 121, 1 . the height v of the wave of the undulated central part H in the embodiments according to the technical solution (not shown) may change, without exceeding the scope of protection defined by patent claims.
• Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate stacking the individual lamellae 10 on top of each other and their connection.
• the enthalpy exchanger ⁇ comprises twenty lamellae 10.
• Fig. 4 illustrates four lamellae, which are indicated from top to bottom as 10xi. 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, I OX3, 10v-i- Fig. 6 shows a detail of the left side of the set of the lamellae.
• the circumferences of the assembled lamellae touch along the longitudinal sides 112 of the central part 11., where they are cement, forming opposite walls 113 of the casing 100 of the exchanger 1. Similarly, also the ends of the end parts forming the narrow faces 114 of the casing 100.
• Adjacent lamellae 10 are alternately closed by the edges 123, 124, 133, 134 according to Figs. 5 and 6.
• the edges 123, 124, 133, 134 are connected by welding or gluing.
• Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 there are welded edges 123 of the lamellae lOy ⁇ , 10x3, by which means the space between these lamellae is closed, whereas between the edges 123 of the lamellae 10xi and 10 ⁇ the inlet into or outlet out of the space is opened. Also between the edges 124 of the lamellae IQxa and 10V4 there is an inlet or outlet opening. Further on, there is an illustration of two welded edges 124 of the lamellae 10xi and 10v?. 10x and IOVJ.
• Fig. 5 On the right-hand side of Fig. 5 there is a visible welded joint of the edges 133 of the lamellae 10yg_and 10xg and inlet nozzles between the edges 133 of the lamellae 10xi and lOva. 10x3 and 10vd.
• the invisible art of the circumference of the end part 13 contains analogically to a part of the circumference of the end pari: 12 with the edges 124 (a front view in Fig. 6) two welded edges 134 of the lamellae 10x and 10va, 10xg and lOv*. Between the edges 134 of the lamellae 10 ⁇ ?, 10xa there is also an inlet or outlet opening.
• the enthalpy exchanger 1 entails an advantage of a relatively long path, on which the exchange of heat and humidity between counterflow streams of the medium takes place. Beside irregularities of the surface of the lamellae 10 of the central part 1 contributing to a considerable extent to the effectiveness of the exchange of heat and humidity, further increase in the efficiency is achieved by reducing the resistance to the flow of the medium in the end parts 12, 13 by means of the shape and particularly the direction of the protrusions 121 , 131 in these parts.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

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Citations (6)

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• 2014
  • 2014-12-23 CZ CZ2014-956A patent/CZ305957B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2015
  • 2015-12-21 CA CA2972118A patent/CA2972118A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-12-21 EP EP15837205.2A patent/EP3237807A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-12-21 US US15/539,482 patent/US20170370609A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-12-21 WO PCT/CZ2015/000153 patent/WO2016101939A1/en active Application Filing

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