WO2016159240A1 - エレクトロスピニングを用いた、薬剤を含有する生分解性繊維素材の製造方法 - Google Patents
エレクトロスピニングを用いた、薬剤を含有する生分解性繊維素材の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016159240A1 WO2016159240A1 PCT/JP2016/060670 JP2016060670W WO2016159240A1 WO 2016159240 A1 WO2016159240 A1 WO 2016159240A1 JP 2016060670 W JP2016060670 W JP 2016060670W WO 2016159240 A1 WO2016159240 A1 WO 2016159240A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/148—Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K31/282—Platinum compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
- A61K31/7034—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
- A61K31/704—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin attached to a condensed carbocyclic ring system, e.g. sennosides, thiocolchicosides, escin, daunorubicin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/7048—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
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- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
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- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
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- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
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- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/0023—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer melt
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- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
- D01D5/0046—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion the fibre formed by coagulation, i.e. wet electro-spinning
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D7/00—Collecting the newly-spun products
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- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/92—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
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- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
- A61L2300/416—Anti-neoplastic or anti-proliferative or anti-restenosis or anti-angiogenic agents, e.g. paclitaxel, sirolimus
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- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
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Definitions
- the present invention prepares a thermoplastic biodegradable resin (polylactic acid, PLGA, etc.) containing a powdered drug (inorganic particles for bone formation, anticancer agents, antibiotics, etc.) as a spinning solution for electrospinning. Related to the method.
- the present invention further relates to a method for producing biodegradable fibers by electrospinning using the spinning solution for electrospinning prepared as described above.
- the present invention further relates to a method for efficiently recovering the biodegradable fiber prepared above as a nonwoven fabric or cotton.
- the present invention relates to a locally embedded sustained-release agent containing a bioabsorbable cotton-like material produced by the production method; and a method of use (treatment method) thereof.
- the bioabsorbable cotton-like material containing a drug according to the present invention is excellent in local sustained-release and is quickly absorbed and decomposed into the body after releasing a medicinal component. It is extremely effective as an injectable (depot) or an implantable dosage form.
- oral administration accounts for about 60% and is the most widely used administration route.
- peptide and protein drugs which are high molecular weight drugs that cannot be expected to be sufficiently absorbed or stabilized by oral administration, are increasing. Application to is expected.
- oral administration it is not suitable for drugs that require locality or sustained release because they are taken from the absorption in the small intestine to the whole body bloodstream.
- administration routes other than oral administration there are various administration routes such as nasal, pulmonary, ophthalmic, rectal, transdermal, and injection. Injections are used next to orally administered drugs. However, even in the case of injections, in the case of intravenous infusion, the effect of local persistence cannot be expected as in the case of oral administration. In addition, injections often have a problem in the persistence of drug efficacy after injection instead of rapid absorption. On the other hand, a sustained-release injection (depot) has also been developed. The injection is designed to last for several days to several months with a single injection. Many hormonal drugs are applied in the form of oily or suspension injections. It is also applied to antipsychotics that are prone to problems with continuous oral administration. Although these are percutaneously or intramuscularly injected and a sustained effect can be expected after injection, it is difficult to apply the drug locally only to the target site (tissue).
- microspheres polynuclear microcapsules
- biodegradable polymers as a dosage form that maintains the effects of physiologically active substances for a long period of time
- a spherical preparation having a particle size of about several ⁇ m is usually called a microsphere, and those having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less are sometimes called nanospheres.
- sustained release and locality of local drugs are satisfied, it is premised on administration by injection (subcutaneous injection, etc.), so it is a liquid and there is a problem in stability (diffusion) as a drug R & D is still ongoing.
- electrospinning is used as a method for producing a fiber from a biodegradable resin.
- the spinning solution is ejected as a fiber from the nozzle by electrostatic attraction generated by an electric field, and thus it is necessary to prepare a solution that can be spun as such.
- electrospinning spinning solutions have been prepared by dissolving a biodegradable resin using a solvent.
- MYCN neuroblastomain transgenic mice.
- a dosage form material that can locally release a drug to any place in the body and is bioabsorbable, and is absorbed and decomposed in vivo after drug release. It is in.
- the present invention has the following configurations [1] to [20].
- [1] A fibrous form containing a drug and a biodegradable resin and having an average outer diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 ⁇ m to 110 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 60 ⁇ m to 110 ⁇ m.
- a bioabsorbable cotton-like material having a cotton-like or nonwoven-like structure composed of a substance;
- Cotton-like material [3] The bulk density, dry or 0.01 at the time of hydration g / cm 3 ⁇ 0.1g / cm 3, more preferably 0.01 g / cm 3 ⁇ 0.05g / cm 3, [ The bioabsorbable cotton-like material according to 1]. [4] The bioabsorbable cotton-like material according to [1] to [3], wherein the biodegradable resin is PLGA or a copolymer thereof. [5] The bioabsorbable cotton-like material according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the drug is an anticancer drug. [6] The bioabsorbable cotton-like material according to any one of [1] to [5], which has been sterilized.
- step 2) it is applied between the nozzle part on the solution discharge side and the plate installed in the ethanol tank on the collector side, and is spun by electrospinning to form a bioabsorbable cotton-like material in the ethanol tank.
- the bioabsorbable cotton-like material according to [6] is embedded in the body of a patient, 2) Release the drug from the bioabsorbable cotton-like material, 3) A method of treating or preventing a patient's disease by the efficacy of a sustained-released drug; [13] The method according to [10], wherein the bioabsorbable cotton-like material according to [6] is embedded by laparotomy; [14] The method according to [12], wherein the bioabsorbable cotton-like material according to [6] is embedded by a minimally invasive medical procedure using an injector; [15] The method according to [12], wherein the drug is an anticancer drug and the disease is cancer; [16] The method according to [15], wherein the patient is after excision of cancer tissue or cancer cells; [17] The method according to [15] or [16], wherein the cancer is a malignant bone tumor.
- a kit comprising the bioabsorbable cotton-like material according to [6] for use in the method according to [12] or [13]; [19] A kit comprising an injector for use in the method according to [14] and the bioabsorbable cotton-like material according to [6]; [20] The kit according to [19], wherein the bioabsorbable cotton-like material according to [6] is included in an injector.
- Biodegradable resin (biodegradable polymer) is generally “can be used in the same way as ordinary plastics under normal use conditions, and is decomposed after use, and finally carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide). It is defined as a resin that is converted into water and returned to nature. In the present invention, it means a resin (polymer) that is decomposed in the body of human and non-human mammals (including domestic animals such as cattle and pigs, companion animals such as dogs and cats). Although not specifically limited, it may be a natural polymer such as cellulose or starch, or some kind of biodegradable synthetic polymer having excellent biocompatibility and having adjusted biodegradation rate and mechanical strength.
- polyglycolic acid PGA
- PLA polylactic acid
- copolymers thereof polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer (poly (Lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer) (PLGA)]; or polydioxanone (PDS).
- PGA polyglycolic acid
- PLA polylactic acid
- PDA polylactic acid copolymer
- PDS polydioxanone
- the “solvent” may be anything as long as it is volatile, has low solubility in water, and is a good solvent for the polymer.
- chloroform, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride and the like can be mentioned.
- a mixed solvent to which a solvent compatible with these solvents (for example, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, etc.) is added can also be used. Solvents that do not impair the activity of the “drug” are preferred.
- Drug means an inorganic or organic material that is contained in biodegradable fibers and that can be administered to the human body, and that is implanted in the body and exhibits activity.
- anticancer agents antibiotics, physiologically active polypeptides (such as influenza vaccines and insulin), antipyretics, analgesics, immunostimulants, immunosuppressants, anti-inflammatory agents, antitussives, antiepileptics, antihistamines, antihypertensive agents Diuretics, antidiabetics, muscle relaxants, antiulcers, antidepressants, antiallergic agents, angina, arrhythmia, vasodilators, anticoagulants, hemostatics, antituberculosis, narcotic antagonists , But not limited to hormone agents. Not only so-called pharmaceutical drugs, but also cosmetic drugs (vitamins, placenta, hyaluronic acid, etc.) may fall under this category. The “solvent” resistance is desirable.
- the “electrospinning (ES)” method applies a high voltage between the polymer solution contained in the syringe and the collector electrode, and the solution extruded from the syringe is charged and becomes fine fibers that adhere to the collector. It refers to a method for producing fine fibers.
- the “minimally invasive medical procedure” refers to a procedure that reduces the physical and mental burden of the patient as well as the size of the wound on the body, compared to conventional procedures (such as laparotomy). This includes endoscopic surgery.
- An “injector” inserter refers to a device that is inserted into the body percutaneously under X-ray fluoroscopy and the like, and a medicine or medical device contained therein is left in the body. An endoscope or the like may be connected.
- Methods of“ sterilization ” include radiation sterilization (gamma rays, electron beams), ethylene oxide gas sterilization, high-pressure steam sterilization, and the like.
- radiation sterilization with ⁇ rays is preferably used.
- the average molecular weight decreases (60,000 to 100,000).
- the present invention is effective as a method for producing biodegradable fibers carrying a drug by electrospinning the drug with the biodegradable resin.
- the biodegradable fiber is capable of locally releasing the drug to any place in the body and is bioabsorbable, and is absorbed and decomposed in the living body after the drug is released. It is possible to provide a dosage form material. Furthermore, by embedding a dosage form in a patient, it is possible to provide a therapeutic / preventive effect that enhances QOL (Quality of Life).
- FIG. 1A shows an SEM photograph of a fiber (40TCP-30SiV-30PLLA) spun by the method of Reference Example 1.
- FIG. 1B shows fibers obtained by spinning at the same blending ratio as in Reference Example 1 without undergoing kneader kneading.
- FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph showing a fiber (70TCP-30PLLA) spun by the method of Reference Example 2.
- FIG. 3 shows fibers spun by an electrospinning apparatus used in an embodiment of PLLA 100% in Reference Example 3.
- FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the electrospinning apparatus used in the present invention. 2 shows an SEM photograph of the fiber (30 times amount carboplatin-PLGA) spun in Example 1.
- Example 5 Dissection of a mouse that developed cancer and died at 8 weeks of age. There is a very large tumor that fills the space between the left and right kidneys. Results of Example 5: Dissection of a mouse implanted with a cotton-like carrier and euthanized at 12 weeks of age (F166). No tumor can be observed. The cotton-like carrier remains. Results of Example 5: Change in body weight of mice after implantation surgery.
- mice implanted with a cotton-like carrier showed an increase in body weight equivalent to mice with pseudo-surgery (implantation surgery of a polymer-only cotton without an anticancer agent). It turns out that there are no side effects.
- Results of Example 5 Abdominal ganglia were removed and fixed in formalin, and histological evaluation was performed. Results of Example 5: H & E stained section. There is a scar of fibroblasts (the shape of the nucleus is elongated) that is not normally seen on the left of the aorta (yellow arrow) Results of Example 5: H & E stained section. A calcification site (a portion that appears to be rounded out: a blue arrow) can be confirmed.
- Results of Example 5 Mice directly administered intraperitoneally with the same amount of carboplatin contained in the cotton-like carrier. The movement is slow, there is trembling, and the lower abdomen is clearly thin. The intestine is necrotic and dysfunctional. The food ingested in the stomach has accumulated, but there is no content from the small intestine to the large intestine. Results of Example 5: Mice directly administered PBS intraperitoneally. Normal behavior and appearance. No abnormalities in internal organs.
- a solution obtained by dissolving a biodegradable resin in a solvent is mixed with a small amount of a drug to prepare a spinning solution, and the spinning solution is used for electric cross pinning.
- spin Since polylactic acid and PLGA can be dissolved in a solvent to form an electrospinning spinning solution, it is possible to create a spinning solution in which a very small amount of drug is mixed in a polylactic acid or PLGA solution and spin it by electrospinning. It is.
- the solution obtained above is filled as a spinning solution into a syringe of an electrospinning apparatus and emitted from a nozzle as a yarn.
- the yarn emitted from the nozzle is deposited on the collector by drawing a parabola with the grounded electrode as a target.
- the collector is formed in a net shape and is accommodated in a container filled with an ethanol solution.
- the yarn emitted from the nozzle enters the liquid surface of the ethanol liquid, and settles in the liquid at the incident position.
- the precipitated yarn is deposited on the collector and formed into a nonwoven or cotton shape.
- Cotton can be deformed by hand (shape workability); cut into pieces, cut into pieces and then reassembled (size workability); restored after compression (elastic force); squeezed by hand to adjust hydration amount Can show shape.
- fibers are emitted from the nozzle using the bottom surface (about 15 cm ⁇ 25 cm) of the collector of the electrospinning apparatus as an electrode plate. Do not use ethanol in the collector. By this method, the fibers can be deposited on the collector in a non-woven form.
- Reference Example 1 PLLA, ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate, and Si-containing vaterite phase calcium carbonate (40TCP-30SiV-30PLLA) Step 1 .
- the drug and polylactic acid are mixed and kneaded with a kneader.
- a preset temperature 170 to 190 ° C
- 15 g of pellets of poly-L lactic acid PURAC PL24 molecular weight 200 to 300,000, melting point 175 to 185 ° C
- the preset temperature is 180 to 190 ° C.
- knead for about 4 minutes.
- a powder obtained by mixing 20 g of ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate powder and 15 g of SiV powder is put into a kneader and further kneaded for about 10 minutes at the same set temperature.
- the kneader is heated at a preset temperature of 180 ° C. to 190 ° C.
- the kneader can be kneaded by applying torque in that state.
- the state of poly-L-lactic acid heated with a kneader is not necessarily clear, but according to the inventors' estimation, there are a part that has reached its melting point and a part that is in a softened state just before melting. Conceivable.
- the fine powder particles are uniformly dispersed in the matrix resin in the present invention. It is possible. By kneading, the ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate and SiV powder charged later are mixed with poly-L lactic acid, and the fine particles are uniformly dispersed in the poly-L lactic acid resin.
- the carboxyl group of poly-L-lactic acid and the calcium ion of ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate are coordinated and the amino group of silicon It is considered that the carboxyl group is fixed in the matrix resin of polylactic acid through an amino bond.
- Step 2 Make a composite of drug and polylactic acid. Thereafter, the resulting kneaded product of ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate, SiV, and poly-L lactic acid is taken out of the kneader and allowed to cool at room temperature, whereby a composite mass of poly-L lactic acid and drug is obtained.
- Step 3 The composite mass obtained above is dissolved in a solvent (eg, chloroform) to prepare a spinning solution having a poly L lactic acid concentration of about 10%.
- a solvent eg, chloroform
- the composite mass is placed in a container filled with chloroform, and slowly stirred using a magnetic stirrer and stirred for about 5 hours.
- Step 4 The spinning solution prepared above is filled into a syringe (diameter: 15.8 mm; extrusion speed: 15 ml / h) of an electrospinning apparatus (eg, Mecc nanon), and a fiber of about 30 kV is applied from the nozzle (syringe needle 18G).
- the fiber is deposited on the collector while moving the nozzle at a movement width of 200 mm, a movement speed of 40 mm / sec, and a needle tip cleaning interval of 2 minutes (*) (condition temperature in the chamber is 30 degrees or less; humidity is 50% or less; needle 37cm from the tip to the equipment floor). (*) The interval at which the puddle of solution at the needle tip is automatically cleaned.
- the installed electrode is installed on the collector side, and the yarn emitted from the nozzle is guided to the electrode in the electrode direction.
- the collector is housed in a container filled with an ethanol solution, and the yarn guided from the nozzle in the direction of the electrode draws a parabola and enters the ethanol liquid surface, and sinks into the ethanol liquid at the incident position.
- the sagging yarn was deposited on a mesh of collectors formed in a net shape to form a cotton.
- the nozzle is spun while reciprocating at a constant distance and speed on the rail, it is effective to increase the recovery rate if it is deposited widely on the surface of the collector.
- FIG. 1B shows the result of attempting spinning using an electrospinning apparatus using a solution prepared at the same composition ratio as that of Reference Example 1 without undergoing kneader kneading. Although it was once fibrous, it was considerably thicker than the fiber produced by electrospin.
- Reference Example 2 ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate and PLLA (70TCP-30PLLA) Step 1 .
- ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate and poly-L lactic acid (PURAC PL24 molecular weight 200 to 300,000) are kneaded with a kneader.
- the temperature of the kneader is set to 170 to 190 ° C. and preheated for 3 minutes, and then 15 g of poly-L lactic acid pellets are added to the kneader and heated and kneaded at the set temperature of 180 to 190 ° C. for about 4 minutes.
- ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate powder is put into a kneader, and both are mixed and kneaded for about 10 minutes at the same set temperature.
- the kneader is heated at a preset temperature of 180 ° C. to 190 ° C.
- the kneader can be kneaded by applying torque in that state.
- the state of poly-L-lactic acid heated with a kneader is not always clear. According to the estimations of the present inventors, it is considered that there are a part that has reached its melting point and has melted, and a part that is in a softened state just before melting.
- the ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate powder charged later is well mixed with poly-L lactic acid and uniformly dispersed in the poly-L lactic acid resin.
- the inventors of the present invention speculate that the carboxyl group of poly (L-lactic acid) and the calcium ion of ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate are coordinated and fixed in the matrix resin of poly (lactic acid). It is done.
- Step 2 A composite of ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate and polylactic acid is prepared. Thereafter, the obtained kneaded product of ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate and poly-L lactic acid is taken out of the kneader and allowed to cool at room temperature. A composite mass of poly-L lactic acid and TCP is obtained.
- Step 3 The above-obtained PLLA and ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate composite mass are dissolved in a solvent (eg chloroform) to prepare a spinning solution having a PLLA concentration of about 10% by weight.
- a solvent eg chloroform
- a container containing the composite mass in a solvent is slowly rotated using a magnetic stirrer and stirred for about 5 hours.
- Step 4 The spinning solution is filled into a syringe of an electrospinning apparatus, the fiber is ejected from the nozzle, and the fiber is deposited on the collector.
- the installed electrode is installed on the collector side, and the yarn emitted from the nozzle is guided to the electrode in the electrode direction.
- the collector is housed in a container filled with an ethanol solution, and the yarn guided from the nozzle in the direction of the electrode draws a parabola and enters the ethanol liquid surface, and sinks into the ethanol liquid at the incident position.
- the sagging yarn was deposited on a mesh of collectors formed in a net shape to form a cotton.
- PLLA 100% A fiber obtained by spinning a biodegradable resin composed of 100% PLLA used in Reference Examples 1 and 2 by electrospinning under the same conditions is shown in FIG. If the amount of the drug to be mixed is small, it is considered that the same fiber can be obtained by spinning by electrospinning.
- Reference Example 4 PLGA and SiV (50SiV-50PLGA) Step 1 .
- the drug and PLGA are kneaded with a kneader.
- PLGA (molar ratio 82:18, melting point 130-140 ° C) 25 g of pellets is put into a kneader heated for 3 minutes with the set temperature of the device set at 160 to 165 ° C, and 4 at a set temperature of 160 ° C to 165 ° C. Heat knead for about minutes. Thereafter, the powder obtained by mixing 25 g of the SiV powder is put into a kneader and further kneaded for about 10 minutes at the same set temperature.
- kneading can be performed in that state by applying torque with the kneader.
- the state of PLGA heated with a kneader is not always clear. According to the estimations of the present inventors, it is considered that there are a part that has reached its melting point and has melted, and a part that is in a softened state just before melting. Even if the polylactic acid does not reach the molten state by heating the polylactic acid, it can disperse the fine powder particles uniformly in the matrix resin as long as it can be kneaded by applying torque with a kneader in the softened state. It is.
- the SiV powder charged later is well mixed with PLGA and uniformly dispersed in the matrix resin.
- the inventors of the present invention speculate that the carboxyl group of PLGA and calcium of calcium carbonate are coordinated and the amino group of silicon is amino-bonded to fix in the polylactic acid matrix resin. It is thought that.
- Step 2 A composite of SiV and PLGA is prepared. Thereafter, the obtained kneaded product of SiV and PLGA is taken out from the kneader and allowed to cool at room temperature. A composite mass of PLGA and drug is obtained.
- Step 3 The PLGA and SiV composite mass obtained above is dissolved in a solvent (eg, chloroform) to prepare a spinning solution having a PLGA concentration of about 13 to 15% by weight.
- a solvent eg, chloroform
- a container containing the composite mass in a solvent eg, chloroform
- a magnetic stirrer is slowly rotated using a magnetic stirrer and stirred for about 5 hours.
- Step 4 The spinning solution is filled into a syringe of an electrospinning apparatus, the fiber is ejected from the nozzle, and the fiber is deposited on the collector.
- the installed electrode is installed on the collector side, and the yarn emitted from the nozzle is guided to the electrode in the direction of the electrode.
- the collector is housed in a container filled with an ethanol solution, and the yarn guided from the nozzle in the direction of the electrode draws a parabola and enters the ethanol liquid surface, and sinks into the ethanol liquid at the incident position.
- the sagging yarn was deposited on a mesh of collectors formed in a net shape to form a cotton.
- the powder ratio was 20 wt%, the powder ratio was large and kneading was impossible. Moreover, when it melt
- the powder ratio was 20 wt%, the powder ratio was large and kneading was impossible. Further, when the kneading temperature was low, the polymer did not melt and kneading could not be performed, and those not subjected to the kneader process could not be spun as fibers.
- Example 1 An anticancer agent (carboplatin powder, etoposide powder, doxorubicin) in a solution of PLLA or PLGA and an anticancer agent (carboplatin powder, etoposide powder, doxorubicin hydrochloride powder), antibiotic PLLA or PLGA in a solvent. Hydrophobic salt powder) and a mixture of a small amount of antibiotics are used as a spinning solution, which is spun by electrospinning.
- Method Step 1 3 g of PLGA and the amount of carboplatin shown in Table 5 below were dissolved in chloroform to prepare a spinning solution having a PLGA concentration of about 6% by weight.
- the prepared spinning solution is filled into a syringe of an electrospinning apparatus (eg Mecc nanon), and the spinning solution prepared above is filled with a syringe (diameter 15.8 mm; extrusion speed 15 ml / h) of an electrospinning apparatus (eg Mecc nanon).
- FIG. 1 Resulting carboplatin containing polylactic - glycolic acid copolymer SEM photograph (30 times) is shown in FIG.
- the fibers are intertwined in the three-dimensional direction to form a cotton shape.
- the fibers are not bonded to each other in the longitudinal direction, and form a fluffy three-dimensional three-dimensional cotton structure.
- the average outer diameter was 50 ⁇ m to 110 ⁇ m, and some parts with an outer diameter of 1 to 10 ⁇ m were occasionally found.
- Example 2 Elasticity Measurement 30-fold carboplatin-containing polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (hereinafter referred to as DDS sample) prepared in Example 1 and ReBOSSIS (registered trademark) (40TCP-30SiV- of Reference Example 1) The elasticity of 30PLLA was measured by comparing with refit (HOYA Technosurgical Co., Ltd.) and Osferion (Olympel Terumo Biomaterials Co., Ltd.), which are already approved artificial bone products. Materials An outline of each sample used is shown in Table 6.
- the compression rate and recovery rate were both 0, while the ReBOSSIS and DDS samples showed a certain compression rate and recovery rate.
- the bioabsorbable cotton-like material according to the present invention can be compressed and inserted into an injector, etc., and introduced into the body through the injector with a minimally invasive medical procedure, and then quickly returned to the volume in the body. It was suggested that it was possible.
- Example 3 Shape size processability 30-fold carboplatin-containing polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (hereinafter referred to as DDS sample) prepared in Example 1, and ReBOSSIS (registered trademark) (40TCP-30SiV of Reference Example 1) -30PLLA) was compared with refit (HOYA Technosurgical Co., Ltd.) and Osferion (Olympel Terumo Biomaterials Co., Ltd.), which are already approved artificial bone products. The outline of each sample used is shown in Table 9, and the shape is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 shows a state where the processed sample and the plastic container are packed.
- ReBOSSIS can be hand-molded in both dry and hydrated states, and since it can be easily processed into shapes when packed in plastic containers, it can be packed in a short time. Refit required processing with a cutter in the dry state and took a long time to form, but in the hydrated state, it could be formed relatively quickly because the shape could be changed by hand. Since male ferrion hardly changed its properties when hydrated, both took time to mold. The sample for DDS could be processed in a short time like ReBOSSIS.
- ReBOSSIS could be shredded by hand in both dry and hydrated states, and then reassembled. Refit could be shredded by hand after hydration, but could not be shredded into any shape, and there was no degree of freedom of size processing as ReBOSISS. As with ReBOSSIS, DDS samples could be shredded by hand and then reassembled. Therefore, it was suggested that the bioabsorbable cotton-like material according to the present invention can be molded very easily in accordance with the place to be embedded.
- Example 4 Sustained release ability of bioabsorbable cotton-like material carrying an anticancer agent
- 30 mg of carboplatin-supported cotton-like material 25 mg was weighed into a 1.5 cm 3 Eppendorf tube. Add 0.5 cm 3 of pure water here and let it soak. The cotton-like material was removed with tweezers at a designated time and transferred to an empty 1.5 cm 3 Eppendorf tube. The solution was exchanged by adding 0.5 cm 3 of pure water to an empty Eppendorf tube. (Those over a day were changed once in the morning). The amount of carboplatin at each sampling time was measured with an ultraviolet spectrophotometer.
- Measurement condition sampling time 5 min, 1, 2, 4, 6h, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 day
- Detection condition UV (220 nm)
- Tg Transgenic mice that express the MYCN gene from the promoter of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH), a sympathetic nerve-specific enzyme
- TH Tyrosine Hydroxylase
- TH Tyrosine Hydroxylase
- TH a sympathetic nerve-specific enzyme
- Non-patent Document 5 Weiss et al
- 129tTer / SvJcl wild-type mice CLA Japan
- Homozygous mice mice that were backcrossed and systematized
- mice which acquires the fate of neural crest cells to differentiate into sympathetic nerves and simultaneously expresses MYCN at the timing of expressing TH, which is one of the markers, the superior mesenteric ganglion, one of the sympathetic ganglia Therefore, neuroblastoma spontaneously developed and died at approximately 7-8 to 9 weeks of age, and heterozygous mice developed tumors and died after 2 months of sexual maturity (from 9 to 20 weeks) .
- the 30-fold body carboplatin-containing polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (bioabsorbable cotton-like material (cotton-like carrier)) prepared in Example 1 was homozygous (Tg / Tg) mouse abdominal cavity (main nerves) In the vicinity of the abdominal superior mesenteric ganglion (between the kidneys on both sides), which is the site of blastoma occurrence), the same amount as the amount of carboplatin contained in the flocculant carrier when placed according to the following experimental protocol (Table 12) When administered directly into the abdominal cavity, an experiment was also conducted in which phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered intraperitoneally as a comparison object.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- FIG. 11 shows the dissection of a mouse that developed cancer and died at 8 weeks of age.
- Figure 11 shows the dissection of a mouse (F166) that had been implanted with a cotton-like carrier and euthanized at 12 weeks of age. 12 shows.
- FIG. 13 shows the change in the weight of the mouse after the implantation operation.
- FIG. 11 a very large tumor that can fill between the right and left kidneys was confirmed, and death due to cancer was evident.
- the abdominal ganglion (F166) was removed and fixed with formalin (FIG. 14).
- the cotton-like carrier remains in FIG. 12, this is because only 8 weeks (12 weeks of age) have passed since the implantation, and it seems that the whole amount is absorbed by the living body in the second half year of implantation.
- the mouse implanted with the cotton-like carrier shows an increase in body weight equivalent to that of the sham-operated mouse, and it can be seen that no side effects caused by the anticancer drug have occurred. Even after sham-operated mice died of cancer at 8 weeks of age, their weight continued to increase steadily, suggesting that the cancer was cured.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 show the state of the H & E-stained section of a mouse (FIG. 14) implanted with a cotton-like carrier.
- the following findings were obtained from FIGS. 15 and 16. ⁇ Neuroblastoma cells with small cell bodies and poor cytoplasm were not found. ⁇ Scarring with calcification and fibroblasts was confirmed. From the above, it is presumed that the cancer cells were killed by the anticancer effect of the cotton-like carrier, and the scars of the cancer cells remained in the form of scars.
- FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 show the appearance and dissection of a mouse directly administered intraperitoneally with the same amount as carboplatin contained in a cotton carrier and a mouse directly administered with PBS as a comparison target.
- a healthy mouse was used for this intraperitoneal direct administration, all mice that intraperitoneally administered carboplatin died within a few days.
- PBS survived for more than 3 weeks after administration, so it was euthanized 4 weeks after administration. 17 and 18, when the same amount of carboplatin contained in the flocculant carrier was directly administered, serious side effects occurred and the mice died.
- the LD50 (half lethal dose) of mouse intraperitoneal carboplatin administration is 150 mg / kg, and 4.5 mg for a body weight of 30 g.
- the amount of carboplatin in 0.05 g of the 30-fold carrier was 7.5 mg, and it was placed in a larger amount than LD50.
- M169, F166 and F179 mice survived and were successfully treated for cancer.
- this carrier even if the amount exceeds LD50, it is considered that side effects are reduced by sustained release.
- mice that received carboplatin directly died in a few days without waiting for life due to serious side effects.
- mice implanted with a cotton-like carrier had no side effects and were euthanized due to necropsy at 12 weeks of age, exceeding the life expectancy of 8 weeks of age. Not observed. It can be said that the cotton-like carrier allowed local administration of the anticancer agent without causing systemic side effects and killed cancer cells.
- bioabsorbable cotton-like material carrying an anticancer agent is very effective as a new drug delivery (DDS) material.
- the biodegradable fiber according to the present invention is capable of locally releasing a drug for a long period of time at an arbitrary location in the body and is bioabsorbable, and is absorbed into the living body after the drug is released. It is possible to provide a dosage form material that is degraded. Furthermore, by embedding a dosage form in a patient, it is possible to bring about a therapeutic / preventive effect that enhances QOL (Quality of Life) without causing systemic side effects.
- QOL Quality of Life
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、さらに、上記で調整されたエレクトロスピニング用紡糸溶液を用いてエレクトロスピニングで生分解性繊維を製造するための方法に関する。
本発明は、さらに、上記で調整された生分解性繊維を不織布又は綿として効率的に回収するための方法に関する。
本発明は、該製造方法により製造された生体吸収性綿状素材を含む、体内局所埋設型徐放出剤;ならびにその使用法(治療方法)に関する。
本発明に係る、薬剤を含有する生体吸収性綿状素材は局所性徐放性にすぐれ、かつ、薬効成分放出後、すみやかに体内に吸収分解されるので、経口投与剤以外の、持効性注射剤(デポ剤)や体内埋設型の剤形として極めて有効である。
一方、持効性注射剤(デポ剤)の開発も行われている。1回の注射で薬効が数日ないし数か月持続するようにつくられた注射剤で、ホルモン剤が多く、油性注射剤か懸濁性注射剤の形で適用されている。また継続的な経口投与に問題が生じやすい抗精神病薬などにも応用されている。これらは経皮注射又は筋肉注射され、注射後も持続的な効果が期待できるものの、標的とする部位(組織)のみに局所的に薬剤を効かせることは困難であった。
骨再生材料の分野ではこれまで、エレクトロスピニングの紡糸溶液は、生分解性樹脂を溶剤を用いて溶かして紡糸溶液を製造していた。
1)生分解性樹脂と薬剤とを溶剤で溶解して、紡糸溶液を作成、
2)該紡糸溶液からエレクトロスピニングで紡糸することにより、上記課題を解決する、外径が大きな繊維状物質を含む、極めて徐放効果の高い剤形素材の開発に成功した。
[1]薬剤及び生分解性樹脂を含有する、平均外径が1μm以上150μm以下、好ましくは10μm以上150μm以下、より好ましくは30μm以上110μm以下、さらにより好ましくは60μm以上110μm以下である、繊維状物質から構成される綿状又不織布状構造を有する生体吸収性綿状素材;
[2]前記繊維状物質の平均分子量が5万以上100万未満である、好ましくは5万以上50万未満、より好ましくは6万以上40万未満である、[1]に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材;
[3]かさ密度が、乾燥時又は水和時において0.01 g/cm3~0.1g/cm3、より好ましくは0.01 g/cm3~0.05g/cm3である、[1]に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材。
[4]前記生分解性樹脂がPLGAまたはその共重合体であることを特徴とする[1]~[3]に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材。
[5]薬剤が抗がん剤である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の生体吸収性綿状素材。
[6]滅菌処理されている[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の生体吸収性綿状素材。
2)前記紡糸溶液からエレクトロスピニングで紡糸することにより生成することを特徴とする生体吸収性綿状素材の製造方法;
[8] ステップ2)において、溶液吐出側のノズル部分と、コレクター側のエタノール槽内に設置したプレート間に印加して、エレクトロスピニングで紡糸して、エタノール槽内に生体吸収性綿状素材を堆積させることにより、綿状の三次元立体構造を有する生体吸収性綿状素材を生成する、[7]に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材の製造方法;
[9]ステップ3)として滅菌処理工程を含む、[7]又は[8]に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材の製造方法;
[10] 前記生分解性樹脂はPLGAまたはその共重合体であり、前記溶剤はクロロホルムもしくはジクロロメタンである、[7]~[9]のいずれかに記載の生体吸収性綿状素材の製造方法;
[11]薬剤が抗がん剤である、[7]~[10]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
2)生体吸収性綿状素材から薬剤を徐放させ、その結果、
3)徐放させた薬剤の効能によって、患者の疾患を治療又は予防する方法;
[13]開腹手術で[6]に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材を埋設することを特徴とする、[10]に記載の方法;
[14]インジェクターを用いた低侵襲医療手技で[6]に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材を埋設することを特徴とする、[12]に記載の方法;
[15]薬剤が抗がん剤であり、疾患ががんである、[12]に記載の方法;
[16]患者が、がん組織又はがん細胞を切除後である、[15]に記載の方法;
[17]がんが、悪性骨腫瘍である、[15]又は[16]に記載の方法。
[19][14]に記載の方法に用いるための、インジェクター及び[6]に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材を含む、キット;
[20][6]に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材がインジェクターに内包されている、[19]に記載のキット。
たとえば、抗がん剤、抗生物質、生理活性を有するポリペプチド(インフルエンザワクチンやインシュリンなど)、解熱剤、鎮痛剤、免疫賦活剤、免疫抑制剤、抗炎症剤、鎮咳剤、抗てんかん剤、抗ヒスタミン剤、降圧利尿剤、糖尿病治療剤、筋弛緩剤、抗潰瘍剤、抗うつ剤、抗アレルギー剤、狭心剤、不整脈治療剤、血管拡張剤、抗凝血剤、止血剤、抗結核剤、麻薬拮抗剤、ホルモン剤などがあげられるがこれに限定しない。いわゆる医薬分野の薬剤だけでなく、化粧分野の薬剤(ビタミン、プラセンタ、ヒアルロン酸など)もこれに該当してもよい。上記「溶剤」耐性であることが望ましい。
「インジェクター」(挿入器)とは、X線透視下等で経皮的に体内に挿入され、内部に包含された医薬又は医療器具を体内に残置させる器具を指す。内視鏡などが接続されていてもよい。
また、該生分解性繊維は、薬剤を体内の任意の場所に局所的に除放性させることが可能であり、かつ生体吸収性があり、薬剤除放後、生体内に吸収分解される、剤形素材を提供することが可能である。
さらに剤形を患者に埋設することにより、QOL(Quality of Life)を高める治療/予防効果をもたらすことが可能である。
ステップ1.
薬剤とポリ乳酸とを混合してニーダーで混練する。ニーダーの設定温度を170~190℃に設定して予熱した上で、ポリL乳酸(PURAC PL24 分子量20~30万 融点175-185℃)のペレット15gを投入して、設定温度180℃~190℃で4分間程度加熱混練する。その後、βーリン酸三カルシウム粉末20gとSiV粉末15gを混合した粉末を、ニーダーに投入して、さらに同じ設定温度で10分程度混練する。
ニーダーの設定温度180℃~190℃で加熱すると、その状態でニーダーでトルクをかけて混練することができる。ニーダーで加熱したポリL乳酸の状態は必ずしも明らかでないが、本発明者等の推測によれば、自身の融点に達して溶融している部分と、溶融寸前の軟化状態である部分とがあると考えられる。
ポリL乳酸を加熱することによって溶融状態には達せず軟化状態にとどまっていても、軟化した状態でニーダーでトルクをかけて混練できる限り、本発明で粉末微粒子をマトリクス樹脂中に均一に分散させることが可能である。
混練によって、後から投入したβーリン酸三カルシウムとSiVの粉末はポリL乳酸と混合し、微粒子がポリL乳酸酸樹脂中に均一に分散する。分子レベルで見た分散状態は必ずしも明らかでないが、本発明の発明者等の知見では、ポリL乳酸のカルボキシル基とβーリン酸三カルシウムのカルシウムイオンとが配位結合し、ケイ素のアミノ基とカルボキシル基とがアミノ結合をすることで、ポリ乳酸のマトリクス樹脂中に固定されていると考えられる。
薬剤とポリ乳酸のコンポジットを作製する。その後、得られたβーリン酸三カルシウムとSiVとポリL乳酸の混練物をニーダーから取り出して、常温で放置することで冷却することで、ポリL乳酸と薬剤のコンポジット塊が得られる。
上記で得られたコンポジット塊を溶剤(例クロロホルム)で溶かして、ポリL乳酸の濃度が約10%の紡糸溶液を作製する。コンポジット塊を溶剤で溶かす方法としては、コンポジット塊をクロロホルムを満たした容器中に入れてmagnetic stirrer を用いてゆっくり回転させて5時間程度撹拌する。
上記で作製された紡糸溶液をエレクトロスピニング装置(例Mecc 社 nanon)のシリンジ(直径15.8mm;押し出し速度15ml/h)に充填し、約30kVの電圧をかけてノズル(シリンジ針18G)から繊維を出射し、ノズルを移動幅200mm移動速度40mm/sec、針先クリーニング間隔2分(*)で移動させながら、繊維をコレクターに堆積させる(庫内条件温度30度以下;湿度50%以下;針先から装置床まで37cm)。
(*)針先にできる溶液だまりを自動クリーニングする間隔。
上記エレクトロスピンでノズルから出射された繊維の径は約50μm平均であった。得られた繊維のSEM写真を図1(A)に示す。比較参考用に、図1(B)に参考例1と同じ組成比でニーダー混練を経ないで作製した溶液を用いてエレクトロスピン装置にかけて紡糸を試みた結果を示す。一応繊維状のものはできたが、エレクトロスピンで製造される繊維よりもかなり太い径のものであった。
ステップ1.
βーリン酸三カルシウムとポリL乳酸(PURAC PL24 分子量20~30万)とをニーダーで混練する。
ニーダーの設定温度を170~190℃に設定して3分間予熱した上で、ニーダーにポリL乳酸のペレット15gを投入して、設定温度180℃~190℃で4分間程度加熱混練する。その後、βーリン酸三カルシウム粉末35gを、ニーダーに投入して両者を混合し、同じ設定温度でさらに10分程度混練する。
ニーダーの設定温度180℃~190℃で加熱すると、その状態でニーダーでトルクをかけて混練することができる。ニーダーで加熱したポリL乳酸の状態は必ずしも明らかでない。本発明者等の推測によれば、自身の融点に達して溶融している部分と、溶融寸前の軟化状態である部分とがあると考えられる。
混練によって、後から投入したβーリン酸三カルシウムの粉末はポリL乳酸とよく混合し、ポリL乳酸樹脂中に均一に分散する。分散状態について本発明の発明者等の推測では、ポリL乳酸のカルボキシル基とβーリン酸三カルシウムのカルシウムイオンとが配位結合することで、ポリ乳酸のマトリクス樹脂中に固定されていると考えられる。
βーリン酸三カルシウムとポリ乳酸のコンポジットを作製する。
その後、得られたβーリン酸三カルシウムとポリL乳酸の混練物をニーダーから取り出して、常温で放置することで冷却する。ポリL乳酸とTCPのコンポジット塊が得られる。
上記で得られたPLLAとβーリン酸三カルシウムコンポジット塊を溶剤(例クロロホルム)で溶かして、PLLAの濃度が約10重量%の紡糸溶液を作成する。コンポジット塊を溶剤で溶かす方法としては、コンポジット塊を溶剤(例:クロロホルム)中に入れた容器をmagnetic stirrer を用いてゆっくり回転させて5時間程度撹拌する。
紡糸溶液をエレクトロスピニング装置のシリンジに充填し、ノズルから繊維を出射し、繊維をコレクターに堆積させる。
エレクトロスピンでノズルから出射された繊維の径は上記PLLA-βTCP-SiVの場合と比較して安定していないが、繊維径は約65-80μm程度であった。得られた繊維のSEM写真を図2に示す。
参考例1と2で用いたPLLA100%からなる生分解性樹脂を同じ条件でエレクトロスピニングで紡糸した繊維を図3に示す。
混合する薬剤が微量であれば、エレクトロスピニングによる紡糸は同様の繊維が得られると考えられる。
ステップ1.
薬剤とPLGAとをニーダーで混練する。
装置の設定温度を160~165℃に設定して3分間加熱したニーダーにPLGA(molar ratio 82:18、融点130-140℃)のペレット25gを投入して、設定温度160℃~165℃で4分間程度加熱混練する。その後、SiV粉末25gを混合した粉末を、ニーダーに投入して、さらに同じ設定温度で10分程度混練する。
ニーダーの設定温度160℃~165℃で加熱すると、その状態でニーダーでトルクをかけて混練することができる。ニーダーで加熱したPLGAの状態は必ずしも明らかでない。本発明者等の推測によれば、自身の融点に達して溶融している部分と、溶融寸前の軟化状態である部分とがあると考えられる。
ポリ乳L酸を加熱することによって溶融状態には達せず軟化状態であっても、軟化した状態でニーダーでトルクをかけて混練できる限り、粉末微粒子をマトリクス樹脂中に均一に分散させることが可能である。
混練によって、後から投入したSiVの粉末はPLGAとよく混合し、マトリクス樹脂中に均一に分散する。分散状態について本発明の発明者等の推測では、PLGAのカルボキシル基と炭酸カルシウムのカルシウムとが配位結合し、ケイ素のアミノ基とがアミノ結合をすることで、ポリ乳酸のマトリクス樹脂中に固定されていると考えられる。
SiVとPLGAのコンポジットを作製する。
その後、得られたSiVとPLGAの混練物をニーダーから取り出して、常温で放置することで冷却する。PLGAと薬剤のコンポジット塊が得られる。
上記で得られたPLGAとSiVのコンポジット塊を溶剤(例クロロホルム)で溶かして、PLGAの濃度が約13~15重量%の紡糸溶液を作成する。コンポジット塊を溶剤で溶かす方法としては、コンポジット塊を溶剤(例:クロロホルム)中に入れた容器をmagnetic stirrer を用いてゆっくり回転させて5時間程度撹拌する。
紡糸溶液をエレクトロスピニング装置のシリンジに充填し、ノズルから繊維を出射し、繊維をコレクターに堆積させる。
参考例1と同様の条件でPLLAとβーリン酸三カルシウムとSi含有バテライト相炭酸カルシウムの比率を変えて作成を試みた。以下の表1が成功した条件であり、表2が失敗した条件である。
PLLAの代わりにPLGA(LG855S (Evonik社製、PLLA:PGA = 85:15))を用いて作成を試みた。以下の表3が成功した条件であり、表4が失敗した条件である。
PLLA又はPLGAを溶剤で溶かした溶液に抗がん剤(カルボプラチン粉末、エトポシド粉末、ドキソルビシン塩酸塩粉末)、抗生物質を少量混合したものを紡糸溶液として、エレクトロスピニングで紡糸する。
材料
生分解性樹脂:PLGA(LG855S (Evonik社製、PLLA:PGA = 85:15))
カルボプラチン(cis-Diamine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II))(CAS番号:41575-94-4 製品コード:C2043;東京化成工業株式会社)
ステップ1.
PLGA3gと以下の表5に記載の量のカルボプラチンをクロロホルムで溶かして、PLGAの濃度が約6重量%の紡糸溶液を作成した。作製された紡糸溶液をエレクトロスピニング装置(例Mecc 社 nanon)のシリンジに充填し 上記で作製された紡糸溶液をエレクトロスピニング装置(例Mecc 社 nanon)のシリンジ(直径15.8mm;押し出し速度15ml/h)に充填し、約28kVの電圧をかけてノズル(シリンジ針18G)から繊維を出射し、ノズルを移動幅100mm~150mm移動速度40mm/sec、針先クリーニング間隔2分で移動させながら、繊維をコレクターに堆積させた(庫内条件温度30度以下;湿度50%以下;針先から装置床まで37cm)。堆積させた繊維を室温で乾燥し、カルボプラチン含有綿状物を得た。
得られたカルボプラチン含有ポリ乳酸-グリコール酸共重合体(30倍量)のSEM写真を図5に示す。繊維が3次元方向に絡み合って綿状を形成している。該繊維は長手方向に互いに接着されておらず、ふわふわの3次元立体綿構造を形成している。平均外径50μm~110μmであり、一部外径1~10μmの部分も散見された。
実施例1で作成された30倍量カルボプラチン含有ポリ乳酸-グリコール酸共重合体(以下DDS用サンプル)、及びReBOSSIS(登録商標)(参考例1の40TCP-30SiV-30PLLA)の弾性力について既承認の人工骨製品であるリフィット(HOYA Technosurgical 株式会社)とオスフェリオン(オリンパステルモバイオマテリアル株式会社)と比較し、測定した。
材料
使用する各サンプルの概要を表6に示す。
内径22 mmの透明チューブにReBOSSIS及びDDS用サンプルは0.1 g、リフィット及びオスフェリオンは10×10×10 mm(1.0 ml)入れた。水和時実験には、ReBOSSISは0.8 cc、DDS用サンプルは1.6 cc、リフィット及びオスフェリオンには1 ccの純水を加えたもので行なった。その上に指定されたフタ(0.417 g)を載せる。この時の嵩高さをh0とする。
その後、指定された重り(9.911 g)をフタ上に載せ、この時の嵩高さをh1とする。
最後に、重りを取り除いた後の嵩高さをh2とする。h0、h1、h2はフタの四隅の高さを測定した平均値により算出した。
圧縮率及び回復率の計算方法を図6に示す。
なお、JIS規格L1097を参考に計測した場合、実施例のDDS用サンプルのかさ密度は乾燥時:0.0177 g/cm3、水和時:0.0266 g/cm3であった。
従って、本願発明に係る生体吸収性綿状素材は、圧縮してインジェクター内などに挿入し、低侵襲医療手技にて体内にインジェクターを介して導入後、体内にて速やかにその体積を戻すことが可能であることが示唆された。
実施例1で作成された30倍量カルボプラチン含有ポリ乳酸-グリコール酸共重合体(以下DDS用サンプル)、及びReBOSSIS(登録商標)(参考例1の40TCP-30SiV-30PLLA)の形状加工性とサイズ加工性について、既承認の人工骨製品であるリフィット(HOYA Technosurgical 株式会社)とオスフェリオン(オリンパステルモバイオマテリアル株式会社)と比較した。
使用する各サンプルの概要を表9に、形状を図8に示す。
各サンプルを直径8.5~9 mmの円柱状のプラスチック容器に入るような形状に、器具を用いて加工できるかどうか検証した。使用する器具はピンセット、カッター、骨切りバサミとし、これらの器具で加工できるかどうかと、円柱状に加工するのに要する時間を調べた。各サンプルとも乾燥状態と水和状態にて行った。使用するサンプルや水和量は上記参照。
各サンプルを手で半分に千切れるかどうか、また千切った後で再びまとめられるかどうかを調べた。各サンプルとも乾燥状態と水和状態にて行った。使用するサンプルや水和量は上記参照。
ReBOSSISは乾燥・水和状態共に用手成形が可能であり、プラスチック容器に詰める際も容易に形状を加工できたため、短時間で詰めることが出来た。リフィットは乾燥状態ではカッターでの加工が必要であり、成形に時間がかかったが、水和状態では多少手で形を変えられるため比較的早く成形できた。オスフェリオンは水和させてもほとんど性状が変化しないため、どちらも成形に時間がかかった。
DDS用サンプルはReBOSSIS同様、短時間で形状加工が可能であった。
従って、本願発明に係る生体吸収性綿状素材は、埋設する場所に併せて、極めて容易に成形可能であることが示唆された。
方法
30倍量カルボプラチン担持綿状物質25 mgを1.5 cm3エッペンチューブに秤り分けた。ここに純水0.5 cm3を加え、浸漬させる。指定した時間毎に綿状物をピンセットで抜き取り、空の1.5 cm3エッペンチューブに移した。空のエッペンチューブに新たに純水0.5 cm3を加えることで溶液を交換した。(1日以上のものは朝に一度交換した)。
各サンプリング時間のカルボプラチンの量を紫外分光光度計により測定した。各サンプリング時間の保管溶液から10 μl秤り取り、100 μlセル内に含むように超純水を加えて測定した(10倍希釈)。実験はn = 3のサンプル数で測定を行なった。徐放およびUVの測定条件は以下の通りである。
サンプリング時間 : 5 min、1、2、4、6h、1、2、3、4、7day
検出条件 : UV(220nm)
綿状担体からは168時間にわたるカルボプラチンの徐放挙動も観察された(図10)。
したがって、綿状担体は、抗がん剤を長期に局所投与が可能な非常に優れた薬剤担体と言える。
方法
交感神経特異的な酵素であるTyrosine Hydroxylase (TH)のプロモーターからMYCN遺伝子を発現させるトランスジェニック (Tg) マウス(非特許文献5:Weiss et al)を129tTer/SvJcl wild-type mice (CLEA Japan)でバッククロスして系統化したホモ接合型(Tg/Tg)マウスを用いた(非特許文献6:Kishida et al)。神経堤細胞が交感神経へと分化する運命を獲得し、マーカーの一つであるTHを発現するタイミングで同時にMYCNを発現させるこのマウスでは、交感神経節の一つである上腸間膜神経節から、神経芽腫を自然発症し、およそ7~8~9週齢で死亡し、ヘテロ接合型マウスは、性成熟の生後2ヶ月以降(9~20週にかけて)に、腫瘍を発生し死亡する。
実施例1で作成された30倍体量カルボプラチン含有ポリ乳酸-グリコール酸共重合体(生体吸収性綿状物(綿状担体))をホモ接合型(Tg/Tg)マウスの腹腔(主な神経芽腫発生部位である腹部上腸間膜神経節付近(両側の腎臓の間))に、以下の実験プロトコール(表12)に従い留置した場合と、綿状担体が含有するカルボプラチン量と同量を、直接腹腔内に投与した場合、さらに比較対象としてリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)を腹腔内に投与した場合の実験を行った。
綿状担体を埋植しなかったマウスは、7~8週齢で死亡したが、綿状担体を埋植したマウスは、8週齢を超えて生存し続け、F166及びF179は12週齢時に安楽死させた。
がんを発症し、8週齢で死亡したマウスの解剖時の様子を図11に、綿状担体を埋植し、12週齢時に安楽死させたマウス(F166)の解剖時の様子を図12に示す。
埋植手術後のマウスの体重変化を図13に示す。
また、図12で綿状担体が残存しているが、これは埋植後8週(12週齢)しか経っていないためで、埋植後半年程度で全量が生体に吸収されると思われる。
図13では、綿状担体を埋植したマウスは、疑似手術のマウスと同等の体重増加を示しており、抗がん剤による副作用は起きていないことがわかる。疑似手術のマウスが8週齢でがん死した後も、順調に体重が増え続けており、がんが治癒していることが示唆される。
図15及び図16より、下記の所見が得られた。
・細胞体が小さく細胞質の乏しい「神経芽腫細胞」は見られなかった。
・石灰化と繊維芽細胞を伴う瘢痕が確認できた。
以上より、綿状担体による抗がん作用により、がん細胞が死滅し、そのがん細胞の死滅痕が瘢痕という形で残ったものだと推測される。
なお、この腹腔内直接投与は健常マウスを用いたが、カルボプラチンを腹腔内投与したマウスは全匹が数日で死亡した。一方で、PBSでは投与後3週間以上生存したため、投与後4週目に安楽死させている。
図17及び図18により、綿状担体に含有されるカルボプラチンと同量を直接投与した場合は、重大な副作用を生じ、マウスは死亡した。
マウス腹腔内カルボプラチン投与のLD50(半数致死量)は150mg/kgであり、体重30gの場合、4.5mgである。30倍量担体0.05g中のカルボプラチン量は7.5mgであり、LD50より多量に留置した事になるが、M169 、F166及びF179のマウスは生存し、癌の治療に成功した。当該担体を用いることで、LD50を超す量であっても、徐放される事で副作用が軽減されると考えられた。
神経芽腫モデルマウスでの実験において、カルボプラチンを直接投与したマウスは、重大な副作用によって寿命を待たず数日で死亡した。一方で、綿状担体を埋植したマウスは、副作用も見られず、寿命である8週齢を超えて12週齢で剖検のため安楽死となったが、病理検査の結果がん細胞は観察されなかった。
綿状担体により抗がん剤の、全身性の副作用を生じさせない局所投与が可能となり、なおかつがん細胞を死滅させることができたといえる。
さらに剤形を患者に埋設することにより、全身性の副作用を生じさせず、QOL(Quality of Life)を高める治療/予防効果をもたらすことが可能である。
Claims (20)
- 薬剤及び生分解性樹脂を含有する平均外径が1μm以上150μm以下である繊維状物質から構成される、綿状又不織布状構造を有する生体吸収性綿状素材。
- 前記繊維状物質の平均分子量が5万以上100万未満である、請求項1に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材。
- かさ密度が0.01g/cm3~0.1g/cm3である、請求項1に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材。
- 前記生分解性樹脂がPLGAまたはその共重合体であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材。
- 薬剤が抗がん剤である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材。
- 滅菌処理されている請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材。
- 1)生分解性樹脂と薬剤を溶剤に溶解して、紡糸溶液を作成し、
2)前記紡糸溶液からエレクトロスピニングで紡糸することにより生成することを特徴とする生体吸収性綿状素材の製造方法。 - ステップ2)において、紡糸溶液吐出側のノズル部分と、コレクター側のエタノール槽内に設置したプレート間に印加して、エレクトロスピニングで紡糸して、エタノール槽内に生体吸収性綿状素材を堆積させることにより、綿状の三次元立体構造を有する生体吸収性綿状素材を生成する、請求項7に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材の製造方法。
- ステップ3)として滅菌処理工程を含む、請求項7又は8に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材の製造方法。
- 前記生分解性樹脂はPLGAまたはその共重合体であり、前記溶剤はクロロホルムもしくはジクロロメタンである、請求項7から9のいずれか一項に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材の製造方法。
- 薬剤が抗がん剤である、請求項7から10のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 1)患者の体内に請求項6に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材を埋設し、
2)生体吸収性綿状素材から薬剤を徐放させ、その結果、
3)徐放させた薬剤の効能によって、患者の疾患を治療又は予防する方法。 - 開腹手術で請求項6に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材を埋設することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の方法。
- インジェクターを用いた低侵襲医療手技で請求項6に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材を埋設することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 薬剤が抗がん剤であり、疾患ががんである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 患者が、がん組織又はがん細胞を切除後である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- がんが、悪性骨腫瘍である、請求項15又は16に記載の方法。
- 請求項12又は13に記載の方法に用いるための、請求項6に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材を含む、キット。
- 請求項14に記載の方法に用いるための、インジェクター及び請求項6に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材を含む、キット。
- 請求項6に記載の生体吸収性綿状素材がインジェクターに内包されている、請求項19に記載のキット。
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