WO2016157396A1 - 電子機器の冷却システム - Google Patents
電子機器の冷却システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016157396A1 WO2016157396A1 PCT/JP2015/060031 JP2015060031W WO2016157396A1 WO 2016157396 A1 WO2016157396 A1 WO 2016157396A1 JP 2015060031 W JP2015060031 W JP 2015060031W WO 2016157396 A1 WO2016157396 A1 WO 2016157396A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- coolant
- boiling
- boiling point
- heat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/20—Cooling means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/20—Cooling means
- G06F1/206—Cooling means comprising thermal management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/46—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids
- H01L23/473—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20218—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20236—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures by immersion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20218—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20263—Heat dissipaters releasing heat from coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20709—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for server racks or cabinets; for data centers, e.g. 19-inch computer racks
- H05K7/20763—Liquid cooling without phase change
- H05K7/20772—Liquid cooling without phase change within server blades for removing heat from heat source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20709—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for server racks or cabinets; for data centers, e.g. 19-inch computer racks
- H05K7/208—Liquid cooling with phase change
- H05K7/20809—Liquid cooling with phase change within server blades for removing heat from heat source
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F1/04 - G06F1/32
- G06F2200/20—Indexing scheme relating to G06F1/20
- G06F2200/201—Cooling arrangements using cooling fluid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cooling system for electronic devices, and more particularly to efficiently cool electronic devices that require super-high performance operation and stable operation such as supercomputers and data centers and generate a large amount of heat from itself.
- the present invention relates to a cooling system for electronic equipment.
- Non-Patent Document 1 In order to locally cool a heating element that generates a large amount of heat, such as a CPU, there are several examples of cooling devices that use a boiling cooling system that transports and dissipates heat through a cycle of cooling liquid vaporization and condensation. Or has been proposed.
- One is a cooling module that connects the evaporation section connected to the heat generating surface of the processor and the condensing section connected to an air-cooling fan or water-cooled pipe with two pipes to perform refrigerant circulation using gas-liquid equilibrium. (Non-Patent Document 1).
- a cooling vessel is sealed in a flat container with a special flow channel wall inside, the heat receiving area of the flat container is thermally connected to the heating element, and the heat dissipation area of the flat container is dissipated. It is connected to a heat radiating part such as a fin, and the heat radiating area is an example of forming a coolant flow path in the heat radiating area (for example, Patent Document 3).
- JP 2013-187251 A Special table 2012-527109 gazette JP 2013-69740 A Green Network System Technology Research and Development Project “Research and Development of Heated Boiling Cooling System (FY2008-FY2012, 5 Years)” 8-9, 11 pages, July 17, 2013 URL: http: //www.nedo. go.jp/content/100532511.pdf
- the cooling system disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses a fluorocarbon coolant having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or lower because it uses heat of vaporization (latent heat) to cool electronic devices. Then, the heat of the element is taken by the heat of vaporization (latent heat) when the coolant evaporates due to the heat generated by the element mounted on the electronic device, and the element is cooled. Accordingly, the fluorocarbon-based coolant may boil locally on the surface of the high-temperature element and bubbles may form a heat insulating film, so that the high heat conduction ability inherent in the coolant is impaired. There is a problem.
- the target to be cooled is not only CPU (Central Processing Unit) but also GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), high-speed memory, chipset, network unit, There are many PCI Express buses, bus switch units, SSDs (Solid State Drives), power units (AC-DC converters, DC-DC voltage converters, etc.) and all these objects with different vaporization temperatures. Are equally difficult to cool, and the cooling efficiency is extremely low for an object whose surface refrigerant does not evaporate.
- the cooling system disclosed in Patent Document 2 adopts a configuration of a sealed module that houses one or more heat-generating electronic devices. For this reason, the entire mechanism for circulating the coolant through the individual sealed modules is complicated, and the entire electronic device cannot be easily taken out from the sealed module, resulting in poor maintenance of the electronic device. is there.
- the cooling module proposed by the Green Network System Technology Research and Development Project requires two separate pipes to connect the evaporation section on the processor and the condensation section installed away from it. There exists a problem that the structure of the whole cooling module becomes large and complicated. In addition, the presence of these pipes hinders the cooling of surrounding electronic components that must rely on air cooling, and in the secondary cooling using a cooling fan or pipes, pipes are used especially when using pipes. Since the cooling efficiency is restricted to be low due to the restriction of the internal flow rate, there is a problem that the cooling performance of the entire electronic device is restricted. On the other hand, the cooling device disclosed in Patent Document 3 is advantageous because it can provide a small boiling cooling device for local primary cooling, but by applying the conventional secondary cooling technology with low cooling efficiency. However, there is a problem that the cooling performance of the entire electronic device cannot be improved.
- the conventional immersion cooling method has a problem that the entire mechanism for circulating the coolant through the sealed module is complicated, and the maintainability of the electronic device is inferior.
- the conventional boiling cooling method is suitable for local cooling of electronic equipment, the entire mechanism may be large and complicated, and the cooling efficiency of the secondary cooling is low, so the cooling performance of the entire electronic equipment is low. There is a problem that improvement cannot be achieved.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a simple and efficient cooling system that solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and improves the cooling performance of electronic equipment.
- a cooling system that directly cools an electronic device by immersing it in a cooling liquid, the heat generation of the electronic device having at least one heating element.
- a cooling apparatus which is thermally connected to the body, the same or the first and the cooling apparatus in which a first coolant having a boiling point T 1 is sealed, and the boiling point T 1 of the first cooling liquid
- the boiling cooling device includes a sealed container having a heat receiving side and a heat radiating side, and a heat radiating member provided on the heat radiating side, and the boiling cooling device and the When the electronic device is immersed in the second coolant, the electronic device may be configured to be thermally connected to the heat generating body so that the heat radiating side is located above the heat receiving side.
- the boiling point of the first cooling liquid is 100 ° C. or lower
- the boiling point of the second cooling liquid is 150 ° C. or higher
- the third refrigerant You may comprise so that the boiling point of may be 50 degrees C or less.
- the first coolant and / or the third refrigerant may include a fluorocarbon compound as a main component.
- the second coolant may be configured to contain a fully fluorinated product as a main component.
- the cooling system further includes a second heat exchanger that is placed outside the cooling tank and cools the third refrigerant,
- the heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger may be connected by a first flow path.
- the cooling tank has a top plate attached to the upper opening of the cooling tank so as to be detachable or openable.
- One heat exchanger may be held.
- the cooling tank has an inlet and an outlet for the second coolant, and the outlet and the inlet are outside the cooling tank.
- at least one pump for moving the second cooling liquid and a third heat exchanger for cooling the second cooling liquid may be provided in the flow path. .
- a cooling system for directly cooling a plurality of electronic devices by immersing them in a cooling liquid
- the cooling tank having an open space formed by a bottom wall and a side wall;
- a plurality of arrayed storage units formed by dividing the open space by providing a plurality of internal partition walls in the cooling tank, each storing at least one electronic device in each storage unit
- a cooling liquid inflow opening and an outflow opening formed in each of the plurality of storage parts, wherein the inflow opening is formed in a bottom portion or a side surface of each storage part, and the outflow opening is
- the cooling system is formed in the vicinity of the liquid level of the coolant flowing through each storage unit, and the cooling system is further a boiling cooling device thermally connected to at least one heating element of the at least one electronic device.
- a cooling system is provided.
- the first cooling liquid sealed in the boiling cooling device thermally connected to the heating element is vaporized, so that the boiling cooling device is locally and from the heating element.
- the electronic equipment is totally cooled by taking it away completely.
- the second cooling liquid having the same boiling point as that of the first cooling liquid or having a boiling point higher than that of the first cooling liquid effectively and strongly cools peripheral electronic components mounted on the electronic device.
- the secondary cooling refrigerant (second cooling liquid) for boiling cooling of the processor which is the main heat source, also functions as an effective primary cooling refrigerant for the surrounding electronic components.
- the local cooling of the main heat source by the boiling cooling device by the boiling cooling device, the immersion cooling of the boiling cooling device and the entire surrounding electronic components by the secondary cooling refrigerant (second cooling liquid), and the first heat
- the cooling performance of the electronic device can be significantly improved.
- a coolant having a relatively high boiling point can be used as the second coolant, the second coolant is unlikely to evaporate, and the cooling tank into which the second coolant is placed is an unsealed open space.
- the volume occupied by the components in the cooling tank can be reduced. Therefore, simplification and miniaturization of the cooling system are realized.
- conventional boiling cooling systems require complex piping and large heat sinks to cool the processor, which is the main heat source, and the presence of these must be dependent on air cooling. This has also hindered the cooling of electronic components.
- the present invention eliminates the need for complicated piping and large heat sinks, and is advantageous for cooling peripheral electronic components. 2), the peripheral electronic components can be cooled with high efficiency.
- the cooling tank having the “open space” in the present specification includes a cooling tank having a simple sealed structure that does not impair maintainability of the electronic device.
- a structure in which the top plate is attached to the opening of the cooling tank via a packing or the like so as to be detachable or openable can be said to be a simple sealed structure.
- the first heat exchanger since it is only necessary to immerse the first heat exchanger in the surface layer portion of the second coolant, the first heat exchanger can be mechanically held on the top plate.
- a processor including a die (semiconductor chip) and a heat spreader that surrounds the die is referred to as a heating element.
- the structure of the principal part of a cooling system which stores and cools the electronic device mounted on the board in a cooling tank will be described.
- the electronic system includes a cooling system that houses and cools the electronic device in a cooling tank while simply showing only one unit including a board on which a plurality of processors are mounted. The overall configuration will be described.
- FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 a configuration of a high-density cooling system in which an electronic device is housed and cooled in each of a plurality of housing portions formed in a cooling tank.
- This is merely an example, and the number and type (CPU or GPU) of processors per board are arbitrary, and the number of electronic device units in the cooling system is also arbitrary. It is not limited.
- a cooling system 10 includes a cooling tank 12, and a second cooling liquid 13 having a boiling point T 2 is placed in an open space of the cooling tank 12.
- the electronic device 100 mounted on the board 120 using the processor 110 as a heating element is housed and immersed in the second coolant 13.
- the processor 110 includes a die 111 and a heat spreader 112 surrounding the die. The use of the heat spreader is optional and may be omitted.
- a plurality of other processors and peripheral electronic components are naturally mounted on the board 120 of the electronic device 100 in addition to the processor 110, but the illustration of the other plurality of processors and electronic components is omitted.
- the boiling cooling device 200 includes a sealed container 210 having a heat receiving side 211 and a heat radiating side 212, and a heat radiating member 220 provided on the heat radiating side 212.
- the sealed container 210 has a thin box shape constituted by six flat plates, thereby forming a space having a rectangular cross section. Note that the outer shape and internal structure of the sealed container 210 are arbitrary, and the size and shape may be appropriately determined in consideration of the area of the heat radiation surface to be cooled and the amount of heat generated.
- the lower half of the box-shaped sealed container 210 is referred to as a heat receiving side 211 and the upper half is referred to as a heat radiating side 212. It should be noted, however, that only one side of the lower half of the sealed container 210 is connected to the heat generating surface of the processor 110, as will be described later.
- a metal having good thermal conductivity such as aluminum, copper, and silver can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- an amount of the first coolant 11 is filled so as to fill the space on the heat receiving side 211.
- trade names of 3M company “Novec (trademark of 3M company, the same applies below) 7000” (boiling point 34 ° C.), “Novec 7100” (boiling point 61 ° C.), “Novec 7200” (boiling point 76 ° C.), Hydrofluoroether (HFE) compounds known as “Novec 7300” (boiling point 98 ° C.) can be suitably used, but are not limited thereto.
- HFE Hydrofluoroether
- the back surface of the box-shaped sealed container 210 is thermally connected to the heat generating surface of the processor 110.
- an adhesive such as metal grease having excellent thermal conductivity can be used, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the heat radiation side 212 is the heat receiving side 211. The orientation should be higher.
- heat radiation members (heat radiation fins) 220 are provided on the front and back surfaces of the box-shaped sealed container 210, respectively.
- the heat radiating member 220 can manage the amount of heat taken by the second coolant by increasing or decreasing the surface area of the heat radiating side 212.
- the material of the heat radiating member 220 may be the same material as that of the sealed container 210, and a known method such as brazing may be used as a fixing method to the sealed container.
- FIG. 2B shows another example of the boiling cooling device, and the same reference numerals are used for the same parts as in FIG. 2A.
- the boiling cooling device 300 increases the amount of heat released from the boiling cooling device 200 shown in FIG. 2A by increasing the size of the heat dissipation member 220 in the width direction and increasing the number of fins. Yes.
- the attachment of the heat radiating member 220 may be omitted. That is, as in another example shown in FIG. 2C, the boiling cooling device 400 may be configured only by the sealed container 210 to which no heat dissipation member is attached.
- the cooling tank 12 is filled with the second coolant 13 up to the liquid level 19 in an amount sufficient to immerse the entire boiling cooling device 200 and the electronic device 100.
- the second coolant trade names of 3M Company “Fluorinert (trademark of 3M Company, hereinafter the same) FC-72” (boiling point 56 ° C.), “Fluorinert FC-770” (boiling point 95 ° C.), “Fluorinert FC- 3283 "(boiling point 128 ° C),” Fluorinert FC-40 “(boiling point 155 ° C),” Fluorinert FC-43 "(boiling point 174 ° C), a fluorinated inert liquid composed of a fully fluorinated product (perfluorocarbon compound)
- FC-72 trade names of 3M Company “Fluorinert (trademark of 3M Company, hereinafter the same) FC-72” (boiling point 56 ° C.)
- a refrigerant having a boiling point T 2 that is the same as the boiling point T 1 of the first cooling liquid 11 or higher than the boiling point T 1 of the first cooling liquid 11 is selected as the second cooling liquid 13. This is very important. As an example, when “Novec 7000” (boiling point 34 ° C.) or “Novec 7100” (boiling point 61 ° C.) is used for the first cooling liquid 11, “Fluorinert FC-43” (boiling point 174) is used for the second cooling liquid 13. ° C) can be preferably used.
- the present inventor is a compound in which a fully fluorinated product has high electrical insulation and high heat transfer ability, is inert, has high thermal and chemical stability, is nonflammable, and does not contain oxygen. Therefore, paying attention to the excellent characteristics such as zero ozone depletion coefficient, a coolant containing such a fully fluorinated product as a main component is used as a coolant for immersion cooling of high-density electronic equipment.
- the invention of the cooling system to be used has been completed and a patent application has been filed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-170616).
- the top plate 20 provided in the upper opening of the cooling tank 12 is used for maintenance of the electronic device 100. It may be attached to the upper opening so as to be detachable or openable and closable so that it can be easily performed.
- the top plate 20 may be supported by a hinge portion (not shown) provided at one edge of the upper opening of the cooling bath 12 so as to be freely opened and closed.
- An inlet 16 through which the second coolant flows is provided below the side of the cooling tank 12, and an outlet 18 through which the second coolant flows out above the side of the cooling tank 12. Is provided.
- the electronic device 100 accommodated in the open space of the cooling tank 12 is configured to be directly cooled by being immersed in the second coolant 13 flowing in the open space of the cooling tank 12.
- the cooling system 10 further includes a first heat exchanger 22 that is mechanically held by the top plate 20, and the first heat exchanger 22 is a second heat exchanger 22. It is immersed in the surface layer portion in the coolant 13.
- the mechanical holding method of the 1st heat exchanger 22 may use the suspension support member (not shown) fixed to the top plate 20, for example, it is not limited to this.
- the third refrigerant does not leak into the outside air, and the third refrigerant is separated from the first heat exchanger by another component (for example, a later-described first component). It is not limited to move to the second heat exchanger) or to circulate between the first heat exchanger and other components.
- “Novec 7000” (boiling point 34 ° C.) is used as the first coolant 11
- “Novec 7000” (boiling point 34 ° C.) can be suitably used as the third refrigerant.
- “Novec 7100” (boiling point 61 ° C.) is used for No. 11
- the cooling system 10 may further include a second heat exchanger 24 placed outside the cooling bath 12.
- the first heat exchanger 22 and the second heat exchanger 24 are connected by a first flow passage 26, and the third refrigerant passes through the first flow passage 26 and performs the first heat exchange. It can be moved or circulated between the heat exchanger 22 and the second heat exchanger 24.
- As the first heat exchanger it is preferable to use a thin heat exchanger so as to be immersed in the surface layer portion in the second coolant 13. For example, a coil shape or a spiral shape as shown in FIG.
- the heat exchanger may be a heat exchanger composed of a meandered tube, but the structure of the heat exchanger (plate type heat exchanger, plate and fin type heat exchanger, etc.) is not limited.
- the second heat exchanger 24 may be a heat exchanger that cools the third refrigerant moving from the first heat exchanger 22 to the second heat exchanger 24.
- a cooler radiator or chiller
- cooler may be used.
- the outlet 18 and the inlet 16 of the cooling tank 12 are connected by a second flow passage 30, and a pump 40 that moves the second coolant 13 into the second flow passage 30.
- a third heat exchanger 90 for cooling the second coolant 13 is provided.
- a flow rate adjusting valve 50 and a flow meter 70 for adjusting the flow rate of the second coolant 13 flowing through the second flow passage 30 are also provided in the second flow passage 30.
- the pump 40 preferably has a performance of moving a liquid having a relatively large kinematic viscosity (a kinematic viscosity at room temperature of 25 ° C. exceeds 3 cSt).
- a kinematic viscosity at room temperature of 25 ° C. exceeds 3 cSt For example, when Fluorinert FC-43 or FC-40 is used as the second coolant 13, the dynamic viscosity of FC-43 is about 2.5 to 2.8 cSt, and the dynamic viscosity of FC-40 is 1. This is because it is about 8 to 2.2 cSt.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 50 may be manually operated, or may be provided with an adjustment mechanism that keeps the flow rate constant based on the measurement value of the flow meter 70.
- the third heat exchanger 90 may be various circulation heat exchangers (a radiator or a chiller) or a cooler.
- the boiling cooling device 200 is sealed.
- the first cooling liquid 11 sealed in the container 210 starts to evaporate as bubbles from the inner wall surface of the heat receiving side 211 of the sealed container 210.
- the vaporized first coolant 11 rises in the space on the heat radiation side 212 of the sealed container 210.
- the second coolant 13 (for example, Fluorinert FC-43) around the boiling cooling device 200 and the electronic device 100 is vaporized because its temperature is kept low, for example, 17 ° C.-23 ° C.
- the first cooling liquid 11 is condensed on the inner wall surface of the heat radiation side 212 of the sealed container 210, and the first cooling liquid 11 travels on the inner wall surface toward the heat receiving side 211 in a liquid phase state, and is caused by gravity. Fall. Due to the refrigerant circulation in the vapor phase and the liquid phase in the boiling cooling device 200 as described above, the boiling cooling device 200 takes heat from the processor 110 locally and strongly, and at the same time, the second cooling liquid 13 around it.
- the electronic device is totally cooled by completely taking the heat from the boiling cooling device 200 (mainly through the heat radiation member 220).
- the second coolant 13 having a high boiling point effectively and powerfully cools peripheral electronic components (not shown) mounted on the board 120 of the electronic device 100. That is, the secondary cooling refrigerant (second cooling liquid 13) for the boiling cooling of the processor 110, which is the main heat generation source, is effective for the peripheral electronic components (not shown). Also works.
- First heat exchanger 22 to the third refrigerant is filled with a low boiling point T 3 than the boiling point T 1 of the same or the first cooling liquid and the boiling point T 1 of the first coolant 11, cooling tank 12 is immersed in the surface layer portion of the second coolant 13 in the second coolant 13, the heat of the surface layer portion of the second coolant 13 is taken away and taken out of the cooling bath 12.
- a coolant having a relatively high boiling point for example, Fluorinert FC-43 or FC-40 has a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher
- FC-43 or FC-40 has a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher
- FC-40 has a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher
- the cooling tank 12 into which the second coolant 13 is put may be an unsealed open space, and it is not necessary to adopt a complicated and expensive sealing structure.
- the first heat exchanger 22 since the first heat exchanger 22 only needs to be immersed in the surface layer portion of the second coolant 13, the volume occupied by the components in the cooling bath 12 can be small. Therefore, simplification and miniaturization of the cooling system are realized.
- the present invention eliminates the need for complicated piping and a large heat sink, and is advantageous for cooling peripheral electronic components (not shown), as well as secondary cooling.
- the refrigerant (second cooling liquid 13) for use spreads over the entire board 120 of the electronic device 100, so that peripheral electronic components (not shown) can be cooled with high efficiency.
- the boiling point T 1 is, the same cooling liquid and the boiling point T 2 of the second coolant 13 that is placed in a cooling bath 12 Even if a coolant having the same boiling point as the boiling point T 2 of the second coolant 13 is used as the third refrigerant to be used and / or used in the first heat exchanger 22, Of course, the object of greatly improving the cooling efficiency can be achieved.
- FIGS. 1-3 the cooling system which concerns on one Embodiment.
- the present invention can be applied to a high-density cooling system in which a plurality of units of electronic devices are stored in a cooling tank with high density and cooled.
- FIGS. 4 to 6 the configuration of a high-density cooling system according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6.
- symbol is used for the part similar to the cooling system shown in FIG.1 and FIG.3, and detailed description is abbreviate
- a configuration of a high-density cooling system will be described in which one unit including a board on which a plurality of processors are mounted is stored as an electronic device in a total of 16 units in each storage section of the cooling tank and cooled.
- This is merely an example, and the number and type (CPU or GPU) of processors per board are arbitrary, and the number of electronic device units in the high-density cooling system is also arbitrary.
- the configuration is not limited.
- a cooling system 500 includes a cooling tank 12, and an open space 10a is formed by a bottom wall 12a and a side wall 12b of the cooling tank 12.
- an open space 10a is formed by a bottom wall 12a and a side wall 12b of the cooling tank 12.
- storage unit 15aa 16 storage units 15aa, 15ab, 15ac, 15ad, 15ba, 15bb, 15bc, 15bd, 15ca, 15cb, 15cc, 15cd, 15da, 15db, 15dc, 15dd (hereinafter collectively referred to as “storage unit 15aa”) May be described as “ ⁇ 15dd”). And at least 1 electronic device 100 is accommodated in each accommodating part. In the open space 10 a of the cooling tank 12, the second cooling liquid 13 is put up to the liquid level 19.
- the inlets 16aa, 16ab of the second coolant 13 are formed at the bottoms of the storage portions 15aa, 15ab, 15ac, 15ad, 15ba, 15bb, 15bc, 15bd, 15ca, 15cb, 15cc, 15cd, 15da, 15db, 15dc, 15dd.
- 16ac, 16ad, 16ba, 16bb, 16bc, 16bd, 16ca, 16cb, 16cc, 16cd, 16da, 16db, 16dc, 16dd (hereinafter may be collectively referred to as “inflow openings 16aa to 16dd”).
- inflow openings 16aa to 16dd has been.
- the outflow openings 17aa, 17ab, 17ac, 17ad, 17ae, 17ba, 17bb, 17bc, 17bd, 17be, 17ca, 17cb, 17 cc, 17 cd, 17 ce, 17 da, 17 db, 17 dc, 17 dd, 17 de, 17 ea, 17 eb, 17 ec, 17 ed, 17 ee (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as “outflow openings 17 aa to 17 ee”) are formed. .
- the outflow opening is formed at or near a position where a plurality of internal partition walls forming each storage portion intersect each other.
- the storage portion 15aa is formed by vertical internal partition walls 13a and 13b and horizontal internal partition walls 14a and 14b, and the internal partition wall 13a and the internal partition wall 14a intersect each other.
- Outflow openings 17aa, 17ba, 17ab, so as to be located at a point where the partition wall 13a and the inner partition wall 14b intersect, a point where the inner partition wall 13b and the inner partition wall 14a intersect, and a point where the inner partition wall 13b and the inner partition wall 14b intersect, respectively. 17bb is formed.
- FIG. 1 is formed by vertical internal partition walls 13a and 13b and horizontal internal partition walls 14a and 14b, and the internal partition wall 13a and the internal partition wall 14a intersect each other.
- Outflow openings 17aa, 17ba, 17ab so as to be located at a point where the partition wall 13a and the inner partition wall 14b intersect
- the storage portion 15bb is formed by vertical internal partition walls 13b and 13c and horizontal internal partition walls 14b and 14c, and the internal partition wall 13b and the internal partition wall 14b intersect.
- the outflow openings 17bb, 17cb are respectively positioned at the point where the internal partition wall 13b and the internal partition wall 14c intersect, the point where the internal partition wall 13c and the internal partition wall 14b intersect, and the point where the internal partition wall 13c and the internal partition wall 14c intersect. 17bc and 17cc are formed.
- the outflow opening is formed at one end of an outflow pipe 170 that extends through the bottom wall 12a of the cooling tank 12 to the vicinity of the liquid surface 19.
- the outflow openings 17bb, 17cb, 17bc, 17cc are formed by vertical internal partition walls 13b, 13c and horizontal internal partition walls 14b, 14c. 13b and the inner partition wall 14b intersect, the inner partition wall 13b and the inner partition wall 14c intersect, the inner partition wall 13c and the inner partition wall 14b intersect, and the inner partition wall 13c and the inner partition wall 14c intersect, respectively. It is formed at one end of the outflow pipe 170.
- the other end of the outflow pipe has a bottom opening 18aa, 18ab, 18ac, 18ad, 18ae, 18ba, 18bb, 18bc, 18bd, 18be, 18ca, 18cb, 18cc, 18cd, 18ce, 18da, 18db, 18dc, 18dd, 18de, 18ea, 18eb, 18ec, 18ed, and 18ee (hereinafter, collectively referred to as “bottom openings 18aa to 18ee”) are formed.
- outflow openings 17bb, 17bc, 17cb, and 17cc are formed by the outflow pipes 170 arranged at the four corners.
- the outflow opening 17bb is a part of the outflow opening for the storage part 15aa and at the same time a part of the outflow opening for the storage parts 15ab, 15ba, and 15bb.
- outflow openings 17bc, 17cb, and 17cc are arbitrary, and one or a plurality of outflow pipes may be provided in the vicinity of a position where a plurality of internal partition walls forming each storage part intersect each other.
- the outflow pipe does not need to be integrated with the internal partition, and may be a pipe disposed away from the internal partition.
- one or more small holes 171 may be formed in the outflow pipe 170 in the longitudinal direction of the outflow pipe 170. These small holes 171 promote the circulation of the second coolant 13 in the middle of the depth direction of the storage portion.
- the inflow openings 16aa to 16dd do not need to be cylindrical openings as shown in the figure.
- a header having a plurality of nozzles is connected to one end of the cylinder to form inflow openings by a number of nozzles. May be.
- the electronic device 100 is stored and immersed in the second coolant 13.
- the electronic device 100 is the same as the electronic device in the previous embodiment, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- the second cooling liquid 13 is placed up to the liquid level 19.
- the second coolant 13 is the same as the second coolant in the previous embodiment, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- the cooling tank 12 has an inlet 16 for distributing the second cooling liquid 13 through distribution pipes (not shown) toward the inflow openings 16aa to 16dd provided in the storage portions 15aa to 15dd, and An outlet 18 is provided for collecting the second coolant 13 that has passed through the outflow openings 17aa to 17ee of the storage portions 15aa to 15dd via a collecting pipe (not shown).
- the second coolant 13 that has been cooled to a desired temperature is continuously supplied to each of the storage units 15aa to 15aa so that the electronic device 100 stored in each of the storage units 15aa to 15dd is maintained at a predetermined temperature or lower during operation.
- the second cooling liquid 13 coming out from the outlet 18 of the cooling tank 12 is cooled by the third heat exchanger, and the cooled cooling liquid is returned to the inlet 16 of the cooling tank 12.
- the second flow path may be configured. Since an example of such a flow path and associated equipment has already been described in detail with reference to FIG. 3, description thereof is omitted here.
- Each of the distributed first heat exchangers 22aa to 22dd is immersed in the surface layer portion of the second coolant 13 in each of the storage portions 15aa to 15dd.
- Each of the distributed first heat exchangers 22aa to 22dd may be mechanically held on a top plate (not shown), similarly to the first heat exchanger in one embodiment.
- Each of the distributed first heat exchangers 22aa to 22dd is similar to the example shown in FIG. 1 in that the second heat exchanger placed outside the cooling tank 12 and the first flow path ( (Not shown).
- the same number of second heat exchangers as the distributed first heat exchangers 22aa to 22dd are prepared and individually connected, and the distributed first heat exchangers 22aa to 22dd are A method in which one group is divided into a plurality of (for example, four) groups of several (for example, four) heat exchangers, and a second heat exchanger is prepared for each group and individually connected, or Any of the methods of connecting one second heat exchanger to all the distributed first heat exchangers 22aa to 22dd may be used.
- the second coolant 13 that has entered from the inlet 16 is distributed toward inflow openings 16aa to 16dd formed at the bottoms of the storage portions 15aa to 15dd via a distribution pipe (not shown).
- the second coolant 13 blows upward from the inflow openings 16aa to 16dd, and is mounted on the board 120 of the electronic device 100 and thermally connected to the processor and the peripheral electronic components (see FIG. Cool not directly).
- the second cooling liquid 13 blows up from the inflow opening 16bb, the liquid level 19 is removed while removing heat from the surfaces of the boiling cooling apparatus 200 and peripheral electronic components (not shown) thermally connected to the processor.
- the volume of the storage portions 15aa to 15dd is as small as about 1/16 of the volume of the open space 10a of the cooling bath 12, and the electronic device 100 stored therein is also about 1 / of the width of the cooling bath 12. Therefore, the cooling efficiency of the electronic device 100 by the second coolant 13 is very good, and the second coolant 13 can be effectively prevented from staying around the electronic device 100.
- each of the distributed first heat exchangers 22aa to 22dd takes the heat of the surface layer portion in the second coolant 13 and takes it out of the cooling bath 12.
- Triple cooling including immersion cooling and heat removal from the surface layer of the secondary cooling refrigerant by the distributed first heat exchangers 22aa to 22dd is performed.
- the second coolant 13 passes through the outflow openings 17aa to 17ee located in the vicinity of the liquid surface 19 on the cooling tank 12, descends in the outflow pipe 170, passes through the bottom openings 18aa to 18ee, and collects the pipe (not shown). To the outlet 18 via
- the inflow opening is formed in the bottom of each storage unit
- the inflow opening may be formed in the side surface of each storage unit.
- the volume of the open space of the cooling tank is about 1/4 or less than about 1/4 (for example, about 1 of the volume of the open space). / 9 (when divided into 3 ⁇ 3), 1/12 (when divided into 3 ⁇ 4), and 1/16 (when divided into 4 ⁇ 4))
- a plurality of electronic devices are individually and efficiently cooled by storing electronic devices having a smaller width (for example, about 1/2, 1/3, 1/4) and distributing the coolant individually. be able to.
- the warmed coolant can be discharged from the central portion of the cooling bath, the warmed coolant is discharged from the side surface of the cooling bath.
- the cooling liquid stays near the center of the cooling tank and the cooling performance varies depending on the storage position of the electronic device in the cooling tank. Therefore, it is possible to improve the cooling performance of a plurality of electronic devices and stabilize the cooling performance without variations. In addition, since the size of the electronic device stored in the storage unit can be reduced, the handling and maintenance of the electronic device can be improved.
- the cooling tank 12 includes the inlet 16 and the outlet 18 of the second cooling liquid 13 so that the second cooling liquid 13 can flow through the cooling tank 12.
- the entrance and exit may be omitted. This is because, even in a cooling system without an inlet and an outlet, the boiling cooling device 200 locally cools the main heat source, and the boiling cooling device 200 using the secondary cooling refrigerant (second cooling liquid 13) and the surrounding electronic components. Since the entire liquid immersion cooling and triple cooling including the heat removal from the surface portion of the secondary cooling refrigerant by the first heat exchanger 22 or the distributed first heat exchangers 22aa to 22dd are performed. It is.
- the cooling system according to one embodiment is divided into an open space by arranging a plurality of internal partition walls in the cooling tank, like the cooling tank in the cooling system shown in the other embodiments, and arranged in a plurality.
- the inflow opening and the outflow opening may be omitted.
- the processor mounted on the board of the electronic device 100 may include either or both of a CPU and a GPU, and a high-speed memory, a chipset, a network unit, A PCI Express bus, bus switch unit, SSD, and power unit (AC-DC converter, DC-DC voltage converter, etc.) may be included.
- the electronic device 100 may be an electronic device such as a server including a blade server, a storage device such as a router, and an SSD.
- electronic devices having a smaller width for example, about 1/2, 1/3, 1/4) than the conventional general width may be used. is there.
- the example which has a vertically long thin box shape is illustrated as the airtight container 210 in the boiling cooling device 200, this is set horizontally and a horizontally long box shape is shown. You may use as what you have.
- the heat receiving side and the heat radiating side of the sealed container 210 have been described as being divided into an upper half and a lower half of the vertically long box-shaped sealed container 210 for convenience, the heat receiving side and the heat radiating side are shared in the vertical direction. (However, the heat receiving surface is the surface that is thermally connected to the heat generating surface of the processor 110).
- the example in which the boiling cooling device 200 is thermally connected to a processor that is a main heating element included in the electronic device 100 has been described. It does not require that the boil cooling device be thermally connected individually to all the heating elements included in the electronic device, and the electronic device is a storage device such as a server, router, SSD, etc. In the case of a device, the electronic device as a whole is not necessarily required to be thermally connected to one or a plurality of boiling cooling devices with one heating element.
- heating element among a plurality of heating elements included in the electronic device how to connect the boiling cooling device thermally, and to the whole electronic device as one heating element, one or a plurality of boiling cooling Whether a device is thermally connected may be arbitrarily determined by those skilled in the art according to the structure, characteristics, usage state, and the like of the electronic device.
- the present invention can be widely applied to cooling systems that efficiently cool electronic devices.
- Cooling system 100 Electronic device 110 Processor 111 Die (chip) 112 Heat Spreader 120 Board 200, 300, 400 Boiling Cooling Device 210 Sealed Container 211 Heat Receiving Side 212 Heat Dissipating Side 220 Heat Dissipating Member (Heat Dissipating Fin) 10a Open space 11 1st cooling liquid 12 Cooling tank 12a Bottom wall 12b Side wall 13 2nd cooling liquid 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e Internal partition 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e Internal partition 15aa, 15ab, 15ac 15ad, 15ba, 15bb, 15bc, 15bd, 15ca, 15cb, 15cc, 15cd, 15da, 15db, 15dc, 15dd storage 16 inlet 16aa, 16ab, 16ac, 16ad, 16ba, 16bb, 16bc, 16bd, 16ca, 16cb 16cc, 16cd, 16da, 16db, 16dc
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Abstract
Description
100 電子機器
110 プロセッサ
111 ダイ(チップ)
112 ヒートスプレッダ
120 ボード
200、300、400 沸騰冷却装置
210 密閉容器
211 受熱側
212 放熱側
220 放熱部材(放熱フィン)
10a 開放空間
11 第1の冷却液
12 冷却槽
12a 底壁
12b 側壁
13 第2の冷却液
13a、13b、13c、13d、13e 内部隔壁
14a、14b、14c、14d、14e 内部隔壁
15aa、15ab、15ac、15ad、15ba、15bb、15bc、15bd、15ca、15cb、15cc、15cd、15da、15db、15dc、15dd 収納部
16 入口
16aa、16ab、16ac、16ad、16ba、16bb、16bc、16bd、16ca、16cb、16cc、16cd、16da、16db、16dc、16dd 流入開口
17aa、17ab、17ac、17ad、17ae、17ba、17bb、17bc、17bd、17be、17ca、17cb、17cc、17cd、17ce、17da、17db、17dc、17dd、17de、17ea、17eb、17ec、17ed、17ee 流出開口
170 流出管
171 小孔
18 出口
18aa、18ab、18ac、18ad、18ae、18ba、18bb、18bc、18bd、18be、18ca、18cb、18cc、18cd、18ce、18da、18db、18dc、18dd、18de、18ea、18eb、18ec、18ed、18ee 底部開口
19 液面
20 天板
22 第1の熱交換器
22aa、22ab、22ac、22ad、22ba、22bb、22bc、22bd、22ca、22cb、22cc、22cd、22da、22db、22dc、22dd 分散型の第1の熱交換器
24 第2の熱交換器
26 第1の流通路
30 第2の流通路
40 ポンプ
50 流量調整バルブ
70 流量計
90 第3の熱交換器
Claims (9)
- 電子機器を冷却液中に浸漬して直接冷却する、冷却システムであって、
少なくとも1つの発熱体を有する電子機器の前記発熱体に熱的に接続される沸騰冷却装置であって、沸点T1を有する第1の冷却液が封入されている沸騰冷却装置と、
前記第1の冷却液の沸点T1と同じ又は前記第1の冷却液の沸点T1よりも高い沸点T2(T2=T1又はT2>T1)を有する第2の冷却液が入れられた冷却槽であって、前記沸騰冷却装置及び前記電子機器が前記第2の冷却液中に浸漬されて直接冷却される冷却槽と、
前記第1の冷却液の沸点T1と同じ又は前記第1の冷却液の沸点T1よりも低い沸点T3(T3=T1又はT3<T1)を有する第3の冷媒が封入されている第1の熱交換器であって、前記冷却槽内の前記第2の冷却液中の表層部に浸漬される第1の熱交換器と、
を含む冷却システム。 - 前記沸騰冷却装置は、受熱側と放熱側を有する密閉容器と、前記放熱側に設けられた放熱部材とを有し、前記沸騰冷却装置及び前記電子機器が前記第2の冷却液中に浸漬されるとき、前記放熱側が前記受熱側より上に位置するように前記発熱体に熱的に接続されている、請求項1に記載の冷却システム。
- 前記第1の冷却液の沸点が100℃以下であり、前記第2の冷却液の沸点が150℃以上であり、前記第3の冷媒の沸点が50℃以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の冷却システム。
- 前記第1の冷却液及び/又は前記第3の冷媒が、主成分としてフッ化炭素化合物を含む、請求項3に記載の冷却システム。
- 前記第2の冷却液が、主成分として完全フッ素化物を含む、請求項3に記載の冷却システム。
- 前記冷却槽の外部に置かれた、前記第3の冷媒を冷やす第2の熱交換器をさらに有し、前記第1の熱交換器と前記第2の熱交換器は第1の流通路により連結されている、請求項1に記載の冷却システム。
- 前記冷却槽が、前記冷却槽の上部開口に対して着脱可能又は開閉可能に取り付けられた天板を有し、該天板が前記第1の熱交換器を保持している、請求項1に記載の冷却システム。
- 前記冷却槽は、前記第2の冷却液の入口と出口を有し、
前記出口と前記入口が、前記冷却槽の外部にある第2の流通路により連結されており、
前記流通路中に、前記第2の冷却液を移動させる少なくとも1つのポンプと、前記第2の冷却液を冷やす第3の熱交換器が設けられている、請求項1に記載の冷却システム。 - 複数の電子機器を冷却液中に浸漬して直接冷却する冷却システムであって、
底壁及び側壁によって形成される開放空間を有する冷却槽と、
前記冷却槽内に複数の内部隔壁を設けることにより前記開放空間を分割して形成される、配列された複数の収納部であって、各収納部に少なくとも1つの電子機器を収納するための収納部と、
前記複数の収納部の各々に形成される、冷却液の流入開口及び流出開口と、
を有し、
前記流入開口は、各収納部の底部又は側面に形成され、前記流出開口は、各収納部を流通する前記冷却液の液面近傍に形成されており、
前記冷却システムはさらに、
前記少なくとも1つの電子機器が有する少なくとも1つの発熱体に熱的に接続される沸騰冷却装置であって、沸点T1を有する第1の冷却液が封入されている沸騰冷却装置と、
前記第1の冷却液の沸点T1と同じ又は前記第1の冷却液の沸点T1よりも低い沸点T3(T3=T1又はT3<T1)を有する第3の冷媒が封入されている第1の熱交換器とを有し、
前記複数の収納部の各々には、前記第1の冷却液の沸点T1と同じ又は前記第1の冷却液の沸点T1よりも高い沸点T2(T2=T1又はT2>T1)を有する第2の冷却液が入れられ、前記沸騰冷却装置及び前記少なくとも1つの電子機器が各収納部内の前記第2の冷却液中に浸漬されて直接冷却され、
前記第1の熱交換器が各収納部内の前記第2の冷却液中の表層部に浸漬されている、
冷却システム。
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PCT/JP2015/060031 WO2016157396A1 (ja) | 2015-03-30 | 2015-03-30 | 電子機器の冷却システム |
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JP2019012470A (ja) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-24 | 富士通株式会社 | 冷却装置、冷却システム及び電子装置の冷却方法 |
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JP2023513716A (ja) * | 2020-02-11 | 2023-04-03 | アイスオトープ・グループ・リミテッド | 複数の電子機器の液浸冷却のためのハウジング |
JP7450047B2 (ja) | 2020-02-11 | 2024-03-14 | アイスオトープ・グループ・リミテッド | 複数の電子機器の液浸冷却のためのハウジング |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20180092243A1 (en) | 2018-03-29 |
JP5956099B1 (ja) | 2016-07-20 |
JPWO2016157396A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
EP3279764A1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
US10123454B2 (en) | 2018-11-06 |
EP3279764A4 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
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