WO2016140009A1 - バラスト水の製造方法及びバラスト水処理システム - Google Patents
バラスト水の製造方法及びバラスト水処理システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016140009A1 WO2016140009A1 PCT/JP2016/053288 JP2016053288W WO2016140009A1 WO 2016140009 A1 WO2016140009 A1 WO 2016140009A1 JP 2016053288 W JP2016053288 W JP 2016053288W WO 2016140009 A1 WO2016140009 A1 WO 2016140009A1
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- valve
- water
- housing
- filter
- filtration
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Images
Classifications
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/62—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
- B01D29/66—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by flushing, e.g. counter-current air-bumps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
- B01D24/48—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof integrally combined with devices for controlling the filtration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
- B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
- B01D29/15—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
- B01D29/21—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets
- B01D29/216—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets with wound sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/50—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D29/50—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
- B01D29/52—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in parallel connection
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D29/60—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor integrally combined with devices for controlling the filtration
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D29/60—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor integrally combined with devices for controlling the filtration
- B01D29/606—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor integrally combined with devices for controlling the filtration by pressure measuring
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/02—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks
- B01D35/027—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks rigidly mounted in or on tanks or reservoirs
- B01D35/0273—Filtering elements with a horizontal or inclined rotation or symmetry axis submerged in tanks or reservoirs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/12—Devices for taking out of action one or more units of multi- unit filters, e.g. for regeneration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B13/00—Conduits for emptying or ballasting; Self-bailing equipment; Scuppers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J4/00—Arrangements of installations for treating ballast water, waste water, sewage, sludge, or refuse, or for preventing environmental pollution not otherwise provided for
- B63J4/002—Arrangements of installations for treating ballast water, waste water, sewage, sludge, or refuse, or for preventing environmental pollution not otherwise provided for for treating ballast water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
- C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/18—Filters characterised by the openings or pores
- B01D2201/182—Filters characterised by the openings or pores for depth filtration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/54—Computerised or programmable systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/008—Originating from marine vessels, ships and boats, e.g. bilge water or ballast water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
- C02F2201/005—Valves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/03—Pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ballast water production method and a ballast water treatment system for producing raw ballast water by treating raw water such as seawater, brackish water, fresh water, river water, and lake water introduced into a ship.
- ballast water is discharged out of the ship when loading cargo at the port where it stops, so in the case of ocean-going vessels, aquatic organisms such as marine microorganisms contained in the ballast water come and go between countries and ecosystems as foreign species There is a problem of affecting.
- ballast water treatment system has been proposed as a treatment method for satisfying this regulation.
- a filtration step for capturing foreign matters such as zooplankton, phytoplankton, and suspended suspended particles contained in raw water (seawater) a killing step for killing plankton, and the like are performed.
- the filter is cleaned by periodically performing a cleaning process in which a fluid flows in a direction opposite to the filtration process.
- the raw water contains a lot of foreign matters such as plankton and suspended suspended particles
- the water flow resistance may not be sufficiently recovered even if the above washing process is performed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a ballast water production method and a ballast water treatment system that can effectively recover the water flow resistance that has been raised by the filtration step and can operate the treatment system for a long time.
- the method for producing ballast water uses a filtration unit having a housing and a filter accommodated in the housing.
- the production method of the present invention includes a filtration step, an increase step, a pressurization step, and a cleaning step.
- the filtration step is a step of allowing the raw water supplied into the housing to pass through the filter from a primary side upstream of the filter to a secondary side downstream.
- the increasing step is a step of increasing the amount of water existing in the secondary space in the housing in a state where the supply of the raw water into the housing is stopped after the filtering step.
- the pressurizing step is a step of pressurizing the inside of the housing from the secondary side with the supply of the raw water into the housing stopped after the increasing step.
- the washing step is a step of passing a fluid from the secondary side to the primary side through the filter in a state where the supply of the raw water into the housing is stopped after the pressurizing step.
- the ballast water treatment system of the present invention is provided with a filtration unit having a filter, a first on-off valve, a raw water passage for supplying raw water to the filtration unit, and a second on-off valve, and the filtration
- the controller closes the first on-off valve, the third on-off valve, and the fourth on-off valve after the raw water is filtered by the filtration unit and before the filter is washed.
- the second on-off valve is opened, the first on-off valve, the second on-off valve, and the third on-off valve are closed, and the fourth on-off valve is opened. And the control to be performed.
- FIG. 1 It is a systematic diagram showing an example of a ballast water treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the filtration unit of a ballast water treatment system. It is a systematic diagram which shows the modification of a ballast water treatment system. It is a table
- the method for producing ballast water according to the embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing ballast water (filtered water) by treating raw water introduced into a ship.
- a ballast water treatment system 1 shown in FIG. 1 can be used as a system for producing ballast water.
- Ballast water produced using the ballast water treatment system 1 is stored in a ballast tank 7 installed in the ship 100.
- the system used for the manufacturing method of ballast water is not restricted to the ballast water treatment system 1 shown in FIG. 1, You may use the system provided with the structure different from FIG.
- examples of raw water include seawater, brackish water, fresh water, river water, and lake water.
- a ballast water treatment system 1 (ballast water production apparatus 1) includes a filtration unit 2, a controller 3, a pump 4 (ballast pump 4), a mixer 5, a chemical tank 6, and raw water.
- a passage 11, a filtered water passage 12, a discharge passage 13, a gas passage 14, on-off valves V1 to V4, and pressure sensors P1 and P2 are provided.
- the filtration unit 2 has a function of filtering the raw water RW taken into the ship 100 by the pump 4.
- the filtration unit 2 includes a cylindrical housing 20 and a filter 21 (depth filter 21) disposed in the housing 20.
- the filtration unit 2 shown in FIG. 2 the case where only one filter 21 is provided in the housing 20 is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the housing 20 includes a plurality of filters arranged in parallel to each other. A filter 21 may be provided.
- the filter 21 shown in FIG. 2 has a cylindrical shape (specifically, a hollow cylindrical shape) with both ends opened.
- the structure of the filter 21 is not limited to the form shown in FIG. 2.
- the filter 21 may have a cylindrical shape in which one end is open and the other end is closed.
- the filter 21 causes the raw water RW flowing into the housing 20 to pass through the filter 21 from the primary side S1 (outside S1 of the filter 21 in FIG. 2) toward the secondary side S2 (inside S2 of the filter 21 in FIG. 2). It is an external pressure type filter constructed in the above.
- the primary side S1 is upstream of the filter 21 in the water flow direction in the filtration step described later, and the secondary side S2 is downstream of the filter 21 in the water flow direction in the filtration step. That is, in the filtration step, the raw water RW that has not been filtered by the filter 21 exists in the space on the primary side S1 in the housing 20, and the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 has been filtered by the filter 21. There is filtered water FW.
- the filter 21 is preferably a cartridge type filter that is detachably accommodated in the housing 20.
- the filter 21 is arranged so that its central axis is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the central axis may be arranged parallel to the vertical direction. You may arrange
- the filter 21 is called a laminated type in which synthetic fibers or chemical fibers are formed into a web, nonwoven fabric, paper, woven fabric, or the like, welded or molded, and processed into a cylindrical shape, but is not limited thereto. Absent.
- the filter 21 may be a so-called thread wound filter in which filaments or spun yarns are spirally wound, or a resin molded type that is a resin molded body such as a sponge.
- the material of the filter 21 is preferably a polyolefin material such as polyethylene or polypropylene, a polyester material, or a composite material thereof.
- the pore diameter of the filter 21 is preferably about 0.5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, the lower limit of the pore diameter is more preferably 3 ⁇ m, and the upper limit of the pore diameter is more preferably 30 ⁇ m.
- the housing 20 includes a cylindrical peripheral wall portion 20A, a pair of end wall portions 20B that respectively close both ends of the peripheral wall portion 20A, and a pair of filtered water extractions provided on these end wall portions 20B. 20C.
- the peripheral wall portion 20 ⁇ / b> A surrounds the filter 21 with a gap formed between the peripheral wall portion 20 ⁇ / b> A and the outer peripheral surface of the filter 21.
- a raw water supply port 23 and a drain discharge port 24 are formed in the peripheral wall portion 20A.
- the raw water supply port 23 is a part for supplying the raw water RW from the outside to the primary side S ⁇ b> 1 in the housing 20.
- a raw water passage 11 to be described later is connected to the raw water supply port 23.
- the drain discharge port 24 is a part for discharging the fluid (drain) in the housing 20 to the outside.
- a drain passage 13 described later is connected to the drain outlet 24.
- Each filtered water outlet 20C has a cylindrical shape with both ends open.
- the end of the filter 21 is in contact with the filter 21 side of the filtered water outlet 20C.
- the space in the housing 20 is partitioned into the primary side S1 and the secondary side S2 by the filtered water outlet 20C and the filter 21.
- the hollow part of each filtered water extraction part 20C functions as the outlet 22.
- the outlet 22 is provided at a position corresponding to the opening at the end of the filter 21.
- the filtered water FW flowing inside the filter 21 (secondary side S ⁇ b> 2) flows out of the filtration unit 2 through the outlet 22.
- the raw water passage 11, the filtrate passage 12, the discharge passage 13, the gas passage 14, and the guide passage 15 are directly or indirectly connected to the filtration unit 2.
- Each passage is formed by piping.
- the raw water passage 11 is a passage for supplying the raw water RW to the filtration unit 2 by the pump 4. One end of the raw water passage 11 is connected to the housing 20. One end of the raw water passage 11 is disposed at a position where the raw water RW can be guided into the housing 20 (specifically, a position communicating with the primary side S1 in the housing 20).
- the raw water passage 11 is provided with a pump 4, a first on-off valve V1 (first automatic on-off valve V1), and a primary pressure sensor P1.
- the filtrate water passage 12 is a passage for sending the filtrate water FW generated in the filtration unit 2 to the ballast tank 7.
- one end of the filtered water passage 12 is indirectly connected to the housing 20 via the guide passage 15. That is, one end of the filtered water passage 12 is connected to the guide passage 15, and the guide passage 15 is connected to the housing 20.
- the filtered water passage 12 is arranged to communicate with the secondary side S2 in the housing via the guide passage 15.
- the other end of the filtered water passage 12 is arranged so that the filtered water FW can be guided to the ballast tank 7.
- the filtered water passage 12 is provided with a second on-off valve V2 (second automatic on-off valve V2), a secondary pressure sensor P2, and a mixer 5.
- the discharge passage 13 is a passage for discharging the drain discharged from the filtration unit 2 to the outside of the ship.
- One end of the discharge passage 13 is connected to the housing 20.
- One end of the discharge passage 13 is disposed at a position where water existing in the space on the primary side S1 in the housing 20 can flow into the discharge passage 13 (a position communicating with the primary side S1 in the housing).
- a connection portion of the discharge passage 13 with respect to the housing 20 is located at a lower portion of the housing 20.
- the discharge passage 13 is provided with a third on-off valve V3 (third automatic on-off valve V3).
- the gas passage 14 is a passage for supplying the compressed air A to the filtration unit 2.
- One end of the gas passage 14 is indirectly connected to the housing 20 via the guide passage 15. That is, one end of the gas passage 14 is connected to the guide passage 15, and the guide passage 15 is connected to the housing 20.
- the gas passage 14 is disposed so as to communicate with the secondary side S ⁇ b> 2 in the housing via the guide passage 15.
- the other end of the gas passage 14 is connected to a gas supply device 8 such as an air compressor 8 that generates compressed air A.
- the gas passage 14 is provided with a fourth on-off valve V4 (fourth automatic on-off valve V4).
- One end of the guide passage 15 is connected to one filtrate outlet 20C (outlet 22), and the other end of the guide passage 15 is connected to the other filtrate outlet 20C (outlet 22). .
- the filtrate FW flowing out from both ends of the filtration unit 2 is guided to the filtrate passage 12 by the guide passage 15, merges in the filtrate passage 12, and is sent to the ballast tank 7 side.
- the compressed air A guided to the filtration unit 2 side through the gas passage 14 is divided at a connection portion with the guide passage 15, and the divided compressed air A is supplied to the pair of outlets 22, 22 of the housing 20 through the guide passage 15. Guided. Thereby, the inside of the housing 20 can be pressurized using the compressed air A from the secondary side S2.
- the connection portion of the gas passage 14 to the guide passage 15 is located in the vicinity of the connection portion of the filtered water passage 12 to the guide passage 15.
- the air compressor 8 may be one that is mounted on the ship for another purpose, or one that is dedicated to the production of ballast water.
- the pump 4 only needs to be able to send the raw water RW to the filtration unit 2 through the raw water passage 11, and the structure thereof is not particularly limited.
- the operation of the pump 4 is controlled by the controller 3.
- the mixer 5 is for stirring the killing chemical and the filtered water FW introduced from the chemical tank 6.
- the mixer 5 is provided downstream of the second opening / closing valve V2 and upstream of the ballast tank 7.
- the filtered water FW generated in the filtration unit 2 is sent to the mixer 5 through the filtered water passage 12 and is killed in the mixer 5.
- the killed filtered water FW flows into the ballast tank 7 and is stored in the ballast tank 7.
- Examples of chemicals that can be used include hypochlorous acids and peroxides, but are not limited thereto.
- it replaces with the method of throwing in a chemical
- Specific examples include a method of contacting with ozone and a method of irradiating with ultraviolet rays.
- the first on-off valve V1 has a function of opening and closing the raw water passage 11, a function of adjusting the flow rate of the raw water RW flowing through the raw water passage 11, and the like.
- the second on-off valve V2 has a function of opening and closing the filtered water passage 12.
- the third on-off valve V3 has a function of opening and closing the discharge passage 13.
- the fourth on-off valve V4 has a function of opening and closing the gas passage 14.
- an electric valve, a solenoid valve, an air drive valve, or the like can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the opening / closing operation of the opening / closing valves V1 to V4 is controlled by the controller 3. Note that manual valves that do not use the controller 3 may be used as the on-off valves V1 to V4.
- the primary pressure sensor P1 is provided between the first on-off valve V1 and the filtration unit 2 in the raw water passage 11, and can detect the pressure of the primary side S1 in the filtration unit 2.
- the secondary pressure sensor P2 is provided between the second on-off valve V2 and the filtration unit 2 in the filtered water passage 12, and can detect the pressure of the secondary side S2 in the filtration unit 2. Outputs (detection data) of the primary pressure sensor P1 and the secondary pressure sensor P2 are input to the controller 3.
- the controller 3 has a central processing unit (CPU), a memory, and the like.
- the controller 3 controls the operation of the ballast water treatment system 1.
- ballast water treatment system 1 shown in FIG. 1, one filtration unit 2 is provided, but the number of filtration units 2 is not limited to one. That is, the ballast water treatment system 1 may include a plurality of filtration units 2 as shown in FIG.
- the raw water passage 11 is branched on the downstream side of the pump 4 and connected to the corresponding filtration unit 2.
- the branched raw water passage 11 is provided with first on-off valves V1 (V1a, V1b,%) Corresponding to the respective filtration units 2.
- the filtered water passage 12 branches on the upstream side of the mixer 5 and is connected to the corresponding filtering unit 2.
- the branched filtered water passage 12 is provided with second on-off valves V2 (V2a, V2b,...) Corresponding to the respective filtration units 2.
- the discharge passage 13 branches in the middle and is connected to the corresponding filtration unit 2.
- the branch discharge passage 13 is provided with a third on-off valve V3 (V3a, V3b,...) Corresponding to each filtration unit 2.
- the gas passage 14 branches in the middle and is connected to the corresponding filtration unit 2.
- the branched gas passages 14 are provided with fourth on-off valves V4 (V4a, V4b,%) Corresponding to
- the manufacturing method of this embodiment includes a filtration step, an increase step, a pressurization step, and a cleaning step (back-flow cleaning step).
- the filtration step is a step of allowing the raw water RW supplied into the housing 20 to pass through the filter 21 from the primary side S1 to the secondary side S2.
- the increasing step is a step of increasing the amount of water present in the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 in a state where the supply of the raw water RW into the housing 20 is stopped after the filtering step.
- the pressurizing step is a step of pressurizing the inside of the housing 20 from the secondary side S2 in a state where the supply of the raw water RW into the housing 20 is stopped after the increasing step.
- the washing step is a step of allowing the fluid to pass through the filter 21 from the secondary side S2 to the primary side S1 in a state where the supply of the raw water RW into the housing 20 is stopped after the pressurizing step.
- the raw water area contains a large amount of plankton, such as red tide, or if water containing a large amount of soil, etc. due to domestic wastewater, contaminated water, or natural disasters, flows into the raw water area, the raw water area will In the case of including a turbid substance, the water resistance in the ballast water treatment system 1 increases rapidly, and the filter is likely to be clogged. In such a case, when the raw water RW is treated using the production method of the present embodiment, the life of the filter 21 can be significantly extended compared to the conventional case.
- the manufacturing method of this embodiment even if marine microorganisms or suspended suspended particles removed by filtration are discharged to the original sea area as they are, the marine ecosystem is hardly destroyed. In addition, since most of the marine microorganisms and suspended particles can be removed, the amount of disinfectant used in the subsequent sterilization process can be reduced, or the intensity of ultraviolet rays to be irradiated can be mitigated. can do.
- Examples 1 to 6 shown in FIGS. 4 to 9 will be exemplified to describe the method for producing ballast water of the present embodiment more specifically.
- the method for producing ballast water will be described in Examples 1 to 6 below. It is not limited. 10 and 11 show steps of the ballast water manufacturing method according to Reference Examples 1 and 2.
- the column described as “open” indicates that the on-off valve corresponding to the column is in the “open state”, and the blank column is displayed in the column. It shows that the corresponding on-off valve is in the “closed state”.
- the time of each process is merely an example, and is not limited to these numerical values.
- FIG. 4 is a table showing an example of steps in the method for producing ballast water according to the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, in the method for producing ballast water of Example 1, the filtration step, the increase step, the pressurization step, the washing step, and the drainage step are performed in this order.
- the controller 3 controls the on-off valves V1 to V4 to open the first on-off valve V1 and the second on-off valve V2, and the third on-off valve V3 and the second on-off valve V3. 4 The on-off valve V4 is closed.
- the on-off valves V1 and V2 are opened, so that the inflow of the raw water RW from the raw water passage 11 to the filtration unit 2 and the outflow of the filtered water FW from the filtration unit 2 to the filtrate water passage 12 occur. Permissible.
- the on-off valves V3 and V4 are closed, the outflow of water from the filtration unit 2 to the discharge passage 13 and the inflow of compressed air A from the gas passage 14 to the filtration unit 2 are suppressed.
- the controller 3 controls the pump 4 to start the operation of the pump 4.
- the raw water RW is supplied to the filtration unit 2 through the raw water passage 11.
- the supplied raw water RW passes through the filter 21 from the outer side S1 (primary side S1) of the filter 21 toward the inner side S2 (secondary side S2) of the filter 21.
- the foreign substances contained in the raw water RW are captured by the filter 21.
- the filtered water FW obtained through the filter 21 flows through the inner side S ⁇ b> 2 of the filter 21 and flows out of the filtration unit 2 from the outlet 22.
- the filtered water FW that has flowed out is sent to the mixer 5 through the filtered water passage 12 and is killed in the mixer 5.
- the killed filtered water FW flows into the ballast tank 7 and is stored in the ballast tank 7.
- the water flow resistance can be determined based on the differential pressure ⁇ P between the primary pressure sensor P1 and the secondary pressure sensor P2.
- the controller 3 may control the pump 4 and the on-off valves V1 to V4 so as to end the filtration process, but is not limited thereto.
- the filtration process may be controlled to end.
- the set time is set to 300 seconds, but is not limited to this value.
- Example 1 when the filtration process is completed, before the cleaning process for reducing the increased water flow resistance is performed, the volume increasing process and the pressurizing process are performed in order to increase the cleaning efficiency in the cleaning process.
- the controller 3 controls the pump 4 to stop the operation of the pump 4. As shown in FIG. 4, the controller 3 controls the on-off valves V1 to V4 to switch the first on-off valve V1 to the closed state and keep the second on-off valve V2 in the open state. The on-off valve V3 and the fourth on-off valve V4 are kept closed.
- the supply of the raw water RW to the filtration unit 2 is stopped by stopping the pump 4 and closing the first on-off valve V1. Further, by maintaining the closed state of the on-off valves V3 and V4, the outflow of water from the filtration unit 2 to the discharge passage 13 and the inflow of compressed air A from the gas passage 14 to the filtration unit 2 are suppressed. .
- the second on-off valve V2 is opened. Maintained. Thereby, a part of the filtrate FW existing in the filtrate passage 12 and the guide passage 15 flows into the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 (the inner space of the filter 21). As a result, the amount of water present in the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 can be increased.
- the cleaning step performed after the increasing step not only the compressed air A but also water (the increased amount of water existing in the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20) is used as the fluid used for cleaning. it can.
- the fluid used in the cleaning step surely contains not only the compressed air A but also water. Therefore, compared with the case where the fluid used for the cleaning process is only compressed air A, the force acting on the foreign substance when the fluid passes through the filter 21 from the secondary side S2 to the primary side S1 can be increased. . Thereby, the effect which removes a foreign material from the filter 21 in the below-mentioned washing process can be heightened.
- the upstream portion of the filtered water passage 12 (the portion of the filtered water passage 12 on the filtration unit 2 side) extends in a direction away from the filtration unit 2 (or obliquely upward). ing. That is, the upstream portion of the filtrate passage 12 is disposed above the hollow portion of the filter 21 (the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20). Since the upstream portion of the filtered water passage 12 is disposed at the position as described above, the filtered water FW existing in the filtered water passage 12 moves downward in the filtered water passage 12 due to gravity and is guided to the guide passage 15. It is easy to flow into the hollow part of the filter 21 through the above. Thereby, the increase effect of the increase process of flowing the filtrate FW into the space of the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 can be enhanced.
- the controller 3 may control the on-off valves V1 to V4 and the like so that the increase process ends when the elapsed time from the start of the increase process reaches a predetermined set time.
- the setting time of the increasing step can be determined according to the size of the filtration unit 2, the inner diameter of the filtrate passage 12, the inner diameter of the guide passage 15, the length of the filtrate passage 12, the length of the guide passage 15, and the like.
- the set time of the increasing step can be set within a range of, for example, about several seconds to several tens of seconds (more specifically, about 1 to 30 seconds). In the increasing process in FIG. 4, the set time is set to 3 seconds, but is not limited to this value.
- Example 1 a pressurization process is performed when an increase process is completed.
- the controller 3 controls the on-off valves V1 to V4 to maintain the first on-off valve V1 in the closed state and switch the second on-off valve V2 to the closed state.
- the third on-off valve V3 is kept closed, and the fourth on-off valve V4 is switched to the open state.
- the switching of the fourth on-off valve V4 to the open state may be simultaneous with the switching of the second on-off valve V2 to the closed state, or after the switching of the second on-off valve V2 to the closed state. .
- the supply of the raw water RW to the filtration unit 2 is stopped by maintaining the stop state of the pump 4 and maintaining the closed state of the first on-off valve V1.
- the second on-off valve V2 is switched from the open state to the closed state, so that the filtrate FW flows into the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 and the secondary side S2 in the housing 20.
- the outflow of the filtered water FW from the space is suppressed.
- the outflow of the water from the filtration unit 2 to the discharge passage 13 is suppressed by maintaining the closed state of the third on-off valve V3.
- the fourth on-off valve V4 is switched from the closed state to the open state, the pressure by the compressed air A generated in the air compressor 8 is applied to the filtration unit 2. That is, the applied pressure in the pressurizing step acts on the foreign matter captured by the filter 21 from the secondary side S2 (inside the filter 21) toward the primary side S1 (outside the filter 21). Therefore, the foreign matter adhering to the surface of the primary side S1 in the filter 21 is easily peeled off from the surface, and the foreign matter entering the filter 21 from the primary side S1 is easily pushed out to the primary side S1. Become.
- the pressurization step can change the state of the foreign matter with respect to the filter 21 in advance so that the foreign matter can be easily removed in the subsequent cleaning step.
- cleaning process after a pressurization process can be heightened more.
- the amount of water present in the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 is increased by the increasing step. Therefore, when the inside of the housing 20 is pressurized from the secondary side S2 in the pressurizing step, not only the pressurizing force by the compressed air A acts on the foreign matter captured by the filter 21, but also the secondary side S2. Pressure applied by water existing in the space can also be applied. Thereby, the state change of the foreign matter to the filter 21 as described above can be more effectively caused in the pressurizing step.
- the pressure is applied from the secondary side S2 in the pressurizing step, if there is a lot of water in the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 (preferably, if the space on the secondary side S2 is filled with water) ), It is presumed that the applied pressure from the secondary side S2 in the pressurizing step can be expected to act more evenly on the filter 21 via water.
- the first on-off valve V1 and the third on-off valve V3 are closed, so that the outflow of water from the filtration unit 2 to the raw water passage 11 and the water from the filtration unit 2 to the discharge passage 13 are performed. Outflow is suppressed. Therefore, movement of the filtrate FW existing in the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 is restricted to some extent to the space on the primary side S1. As a result, even after the inside of the housing 20 is pressurized from the secondary side S2 in the pressurizing step, the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 has an amount of water necessary for enhancing the cleaning effect of the cleaning step. Can remain.
- the pressure by the compressed air A applied in the housing 20 in the pressurizing step (the differential pressure between the indicated pressure of the secondary pressure sensor P2 and the indicated pressure of the primary pressure sensor P1) is in the range of 0.1 MPa to 5 MPa. Is preferred.
- the lower limit of the pressure by the compressed air A is more preferably 0.2 MPa, and further preferably 0.3 MPa.
- the upper limit of the pressure by the compressed air A is more preferably 3 MPa, and further preferably 2 MPa.
- the controller 3 may control the on-off valves V1 to V4 and the like so as to end the pressurization process when the elapsed time from the start of the pressurization process reaches a predetermined set time. It is not limited to simple control.
- the set time for the pressurizing step can be determined according to the size of the filtration unit 2, for example. Specifically, the set time of the pressurization step can be set within a range of, for example, about several seconds to several tens of seconds (more specifically, about 1 to 30 seconds). In the pressurization process in FIG. 4, the set time is set to 3 seconds, but is not limited to this value. In Example 1, when the pressurizing process is completed, a cleaning process is performed.
- the controller 3 controls the on-off valves V1 to V4 to maintain the first on-off valve V1 and the second on-off valve V2 in the closed state, and the third on-off valve V3. Is switched to the open state, and the fourth on-off valve V4 is maintained in the open state.
- the pump 4 is maintained in the stopped state and the first on-off valve V1 is maintained in the closed state, whereby the supply stop of the raw water RW to the filtration unit 2 is maintained.
- the closed state of the second on-off valve V2 is maintained, so that the filtrate FW flows into the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 and the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 Of the filtered water FW is suppressed.
- the compressed air A enters the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 from the gas passage 14 (the hollow portion of the filter 21). Press fit.
- the filtered water FW present in the hollow portion of the filter 21 is pressed by the compressed air A, and passes through the filter 21 from the secondary side S2 opposite to the filtration step to the primary side S1 (from the inside to the outside).
- the foreign matter captured in the filter 21 and the foreign matter adhering to the outer peripheral surface of the filter 21 are pushed out to the space between the filter 21 and the housing 20 (secondary side S2 space). As a result, the water flow resistance due to clogging of the filter 21 is reduced.
- the foreign matter pushed out from the filter 21 is discharged into the discharge passage 13 together with the fluid (compressed air A and water) used for cleaning.
- the fluid containing the foreign material pushed out from the filter 21 in the cleaning process tends to gather near a low position in the housing 20 (lower left in the housing 20 in FIG. 2) due to its own weight.
- the discharge passage 13 is connected to the lower portion of the housing 20, so that the fluid containing the foreign matter is efficiently discharged from the discharge passage 13.
- the fluid discharged to the discharge passage 13 flows through the discharge passage 13 as a drain and is discharged out of the ship.
- the pressure by the compressed air A applied in the housing 20 in the cleaning process (the differential pressure between the indicated pressure of the secondary pressure sensor P2 and the indicated pressure of the primary pressure sensor P1) is in the range of 0.1 MPa to 5 MPa. preferable.
- the lower limit of the pressure by the compressed air A is more preferably 0.2 MPa, and further preferably 0.3 MPa.
- the upper limit of the pressure by the compressed air A is more preferably 3 MPa, and further preferably 2 MPa.
- the controller 3 may control the on-off valves V1 to V4 and the like so as to end the cleaning process when the elapsed time from the start of the cleaning process reaches a predetermined set time.
- the set time of the cleaning process can be determined according to, for example, the size of the filtration unit 2. Specifically, the set time of the cleaning process can be set within a range of, for example, about several seconds to several tens of seconds (more specifically, about 1 to 30 seconds). In the cleaning process in FIG. 4, the set time is set to 10 seconds, but is not limited to this value. In Example 1, when the cleaning process is finished, a draining process is performed.
- the controller 3 controls the on-off valves V1 to V4 to maintain the first on-off valve V1 and the second on-off valve V2 in the closed state, and the third on-off valve V3. Is kept open, and the fourth on-off valve V4 is switched from the open state to the closed state.
- the pump 4 In the drainage process, the pump 4 is maintained in the stopped state and the first on-off valve V1 is maintained in the closed state, whereby the supply stop of the raw water RW to the filtration unit 2 is maintained.
- the closed state of the second on-off valve V2 In the drainage process, the closed state of the second on-off valve V2 is maintained, so that the filtered water FW flows into the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 and the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 Of the filtered water FW is suppressed.
- the fourth on-off valve V4 since the fourth on-off valve V4 is switched to the closed state, the inflow of the compressed air A from the gas passage 14 to the filtration unit 2 is suppressed.
- the controller 3 may control the on-off valves V1 to V4 and the like so as to end the drainage process when the elapsed time from the start of the drainage process reaches a predetermined set time, but is not limited thereto. Absent.
- the set time of the drainage process can be determined according to, for example, the size of the filtration unit 2. Specifically, the set time of the drainage process can be set within a range of, for example, about several seconds to several tens of seconds (more specifically, about 1 to 30 seconds). In the drainage process in FIG. 4, the set time is set to 10 seconds, but is not limited to this value.
- Example 1 when a drainage process is complete
- FIG. 5 is a table showing another example of the process in the method for producing ballast water according to the embodiment.
- Example 2 is a set of a pressurizing process and a cleaning process (specifically, a set of a pressurizing process, a cleaning process, and a draining process) between the filtering process and the next filtering process. Is different from the first embodiment in that the above is repeated a plurality of times. Since the specific content of each process is the same as that of Example 1, description is abbreviate
- setting time is set to 240 seconds, it is not limited to this numerical value.
- Example 2 As shown in FIG. 5, in Example 2, after the pressurization process 1, the cleaning process 1 and the drainage process 1 are performed, the pressurization process 2, the cleaning process 2 and the drainage process 2 are performed.
- the effect of removing the trapped foreign matter can be further enhanced as compared with the first embodiment.
- the draining process 1 between the set of the pressurizing process 1 and the cleaning process 1 and the set of the pressurizing process 2 and the cleaning process 2 may be omitted.
- FIG. 6 is a table showing still another example of the process in the method for producing ballast water according to the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, Example 3 is different from Example 1 in that a weight reduction process is performed, and the other processes are the same as Example 1.
- the reduction process is a process of reducing the amount of water present in the space on the primary side S1 in the housing 20 after the filtration process and before the cleaning process.
- the controller 3 controls the pump 4 to stop the operation of the pump 4. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the controller 3 controls the on-off valves V1 to V4 to switch the first on-off valve V1 to the closed state and keep the second on-off valve V2 in the open state.
- the on-off valve V3 is switched to the open state, and the fourth on-off valve V4 is maintained in the closed state.
- the weight reduction process is performed before the weight increase process, but is not limited thereto, and in Example 3, the weight reduction process may be performed after the weight increase process.
- the weight reduction process as water existing in the space on the primary side S1 in the housing 20 flows out to the discharge passage 13, the water existing in the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 flows into the primary side S1. In some cases. Therefore, considering that the increased amount of water is present in the space on the secondary side S2 in the housing 20 at the start of the cleaning step, the weight reduction step is preferably performed before the increase step. .
- the controller 3 may control the on-off valves V1 to V4 and the like so that when the elapsed time from the start of the weight reduction process reaches a predetermined set time, the weight reduction process is terminated.
- the set time of the weight reduction process can be determined according to the size of the filtration unit 2, for example. Specifically, the set time of the weight reduction process can be set within a range of, for example, about several seconds to several tens of seconds (more specifically, about 1 to 30 seconds). In the weight reduction process in FIG. 6, the set time is set to 10 seconds, but is not limited to this value.
- an increase process similar to the increase process in the first embodiment is performed.
- FIG. 7 is a table showing still another example of the process in the method for producing ballast water according to the embodiment.
- the first half of the process up to the filtration process, the volume increasing process, the pressurizing process 1 and the cleaning process 1 is except that the set time of the filtration process is set to 240 seconds. This is the same as the four steps from the filtration step to the cleaning step in Example 1 shown in FIG.
- the latter half process performed after that, ie, a weight reduction process, an increase process, a pressurization process 2, a washing process 2, and a drainage process are from the weight reduction process to the drainage process in Example 3 shown in FIG. These are the same as the five steps.
- Example 4 the filter 21 is preliminarily washed in the first half step, and the filter 21 is carefully washed in the second half step.
- Example 4 a part or all of the foreign matter in the filter 21 that could not be removed in the first half step can be removed in the second half step.
- FIG. 8 is a table showing still another example of the process in the method for producing ballast water according to the embodiment.
- the ballast water treatment system 1 including a plurality of filtration units 2 as shown in FIG. 3 is used.
- two filtration units 2 (a first filtration unit 2 and a second filtration unit 2) are provided.
- the first filtration unit 2 is configured to permit or prevent fluid inflow or outflow by the first on-off valve V1a, the second on-off valve V2a, the third on-off valve V3a, and the fourth on-off valve V4a.
- the second filtration unit 2 is configured such that fluid inflow or outflow is permitted or suppressed by the first on-off valve V1b, the second on-off valve V2b, the third on-off valve V3b, and the fourth on-off valve V4b. ing.
- filtration process ab indicates that the filtration process is performed using both the first filtration unit 2 and the second filtration unit 2.
- increase process a”, “pressurization process a”, “cleaning process a”, and “drainage process a” are processes performed in the first filtration unit 2, and When the process is performed, the filtration process b is performed in the second filtration unit 2.
- increase process b”, “pressurization process b”, “cleaning process b”, and “drainage process b” are processes performed in the second filtration unit 2, and these processes Is being performed, the first filtration unit 2 is performing the filtration step a.
- Example 5 when the increasing step a, the pressurizing step a, the cleaning step a, and the draining step a are performed using the first filtration unit 2,
- the filtration step b can be continuously performed using the filtration unit 2.
- the filtering step a is performed using the first filtering unit 2. It can be done continuously.
- Example 5 since one filtration unit 2 is performing processes other than filtration processes, such as a pressurization process and a washing process, since the other filtration unit 2 performs a filtration process, other than a filtration process The time for which the filtration process is interrupted to perform the process (the time during which the filtration process is not performed) can be reduced.
- Example 5 in the filtration process ab of Example 5 shown in FIG. 8, although the setting time is set to 150 seconds, it is not limited to this numerical value.
- FIG. 9 is a table showing still another example of the process in the method for producing ballast water according to the embodiment.
- Example 6 is that Example 5 performs the weight reduction process a between the filtration process ab and the increase process a, and performs the decrease process b between the filtration process ab and the increase process b.
- the other steps are the same as in Example 5.
- the weight reduction step a is a step performed by the first filtration unit 2
- the weight reduction step b is a step performed by the second filtration unit 2.
- These weight reduction process a and weight reduction process b are the same as the weight reduction process in Example 3 shown in FIG.
- the filtration process b is performed in the second filtration unit 2. Further, when the weight reduction process b is performed in the second filtration unit 2, the filtration process a is performed in the first filtration unit 2.
- Example 6 since the weight reduction process a and the weight reduction process b are performed, in the cleaning process a and the cleaning process b, the resistance when the fluid moves from the secondary side S2 to the primary side S1 is reduced. Compared with the case of Example 5 which does not exist, it reduces. As described above, since the fluid passes through the filter 21 vigorously from the secondary side S2 to the primary side S1 in the cleaning step, the effect of removing foreign matters from the filter 21 can be further enhanced, and thus the cleaning effect is further improved.
- Example 6 in the filtration process ab of Example 6 shown in FIG. 9, although the setting time is set to 150 seconds, it is not limited to this numerical value.
- FIG. 10 is a table showing steps in the method for producing ballast water according to Reference Example 1.
- Reference Example 1 shown in FIG. 10 is different from Example 1 in that the increasing step and the pressurizing step are not performed, and the other steps are the same as in Example 1.
- FIG. 11 is a table showing steps in the method for producing ballast water according to Reference Example 2.
- Reference Example 2 shown in FIG. 11 is different from Example 1 in that the increase process and the pressurization process are not performed and the switching process is performed, and the other processes are the same as in Example 1. .
- the switching process in Reference Example 1 after the filtration process is performed, the third on-off valve V3 is switched to the open state.
- FIG. 12 is a table showing evaluation results comparing Examples 1 to 6 with Reference Examples 1 and 2. The test conditions for comparing these are as follows.
- raw water RW to be used for the test 150 mg / L of sea sand prepared by adding phytoplankton (tetraselmis sp.) To 2000 individuals / mL to 400 L of natural seawater in Kurashiki, Okayama Prefecture, and adjusting the particle size to 80 mesh pass It added so that it might become.
- the raw water was supplied to the housing 20 of the filtration unit 2 at a flow rate of 50 L / min while stirring. When there were two housings 20 (Examples 5 and 6), the total filtration flow rate was set to 50 L / min.
- the housing 20 is fitted with a polyolefin cylindrical filter 21 having an outer diameter of 65 mm, an inner diameter of 30 mm, and a length of 250 mm.
- the raw water RW is circulated from the outer surface (primary side S1) to the inner surface (secondary side S2) of the filter 21 and filtered. The process was performed.
- the steps in Examples 1 to 6 and Reference Examples 1 and 2 are as shown in
- the ballast water treatment system 1 can be operated for a longer time than in Reference Examples 1 and 2.
- Examples 5 and 6 were able to be operated for a longer time than Examples 1 to 4.
- the manufacturing method of the present embodiment and other methods can be combined.
- the cleaning step may be performed after the raw water is present in the space outside the filter 21 (primary side S1), and the raw water outside the filter 21 is subsequently discharged.
- the pump 4 is provided in the raw water passage 11.
- the pump 4 only needs to be able to supply raw water to the filtration unit 2 through the raw water passage 11, and the installation location of the pump 4 is limited to the raw water passage 11. I can't.
- the gas supply apparatus 8 was the air compressor 8, and the gas sent to the filtration unit 2 through the gas channel 14 was air, it was not restricted to this,
- the gas supply apparatus 8 is air.
- gases for example, nitrogen
- the method for producing ballast water that can effectively recover the water flow resistance increased by the filtration step and can operate the ballast water treatment system for a long time, And a ballast water treatment system is provided.
- the method for producing ballast water provided by the present embodiment uses a filtration unit having a housing and a filter accommodated in the housing.
- the manufacturing method of this embodiment includes a filtration step, an increase step, a pressurization step, and a cleaning step.
- the filtration step is a step of allowing the raw water supplied into the housing to pass through the filter from a primary side upstream of the filter to a secondary side downstream.
- the increasing step is a step of increasing the amount of water existing in the secondary space in the housing in a state where the supply of the raw water into the housing is stopped after the filtering step.
- the pressurizing step is a step of pressurizing the inside of the housing from the secondary side with the supply of the raw water into the housing stopped after the increasing step.
- the washing step is a step of passing a fluid from the secondary side to the primary side through the filter in a state where the supply of the raw water into the housing is stopped after the pressurizing step.
- the raw water passes through the filter from the primary side to the secondary side, so foreign substances contained in the raw water adhere to the surface of the primary side of the filter or enter the filter from the primary side. Be captured.
- the cleaning process is performed to reduce the water flow resistance that has been increased by the filtration process. An increasing step and a pressurizing step are performed.
- the fluid used in the cleaning process that is, the fluid that passes through the filter from the secondary side to the primary side in the cleaning process
- not only the gas such as air but also the amount existing in the secondary space in the housing is increased.
- Water can be used.
- the fluid used in the cleaning process surely contains water as well as the gas. Therefore, compared with the case where the fluid used in the cleaning process is only gas, the fluid uses the secondary filter. The force acting on the foreign matter (foreign matter captured by the filter) when passing from the side to the primary side can be increased. Thereby, the effect which removes a foreign material from a filter in a washing process can be heightened.
- the pressurization process the inside of the housing is pressurized from the secondary side. That is, the applied pressure in the pressurizing process acts from the secondary side to the primary side on the foreign matter captured by the filter. Therefore, the foreign matter adhering to the primary surface of the filter is easily peeled off from the surface, and the foreign matter entering the filter from the primary side is easily pushed out to the primary side.
- the pressurization step can change the state of the foreign matter with respect to the filter in advance so that the foreign matter is easily removed in the subsequent cleaning step. Thereby, the effect which removes a foreign material from a filter in the washing process after a pressurization process can be heightened more.
- the amount of water present in the secondary space in the housing is increased by the increasing step. Therefore, when the inside of the housing is pressurized from the secondary side in the pressurizing process, not only the pressure applied by the gas such as air acts on the foreign matter captured by the filter, but also the secondary side space. The pressure applied by the water present can also be applied. Thereby, the state change of the foreign matter with respect to the filter as described above can be more effectively caused in the pressurizing step.
- pressurization when applying pressure from the secondary side in the pressurizing step, if there is a lot of water in the secondary space in the housing (preferably if the secondary space is filled with water), pressurization is performed. It is presumed that the applied pressure from the secondary side in the process can be expected to act more evenly on the filter via water.
- the cleaning effect in the cleaning step can be enhanced, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency. be able to.
- the method for producing ballast water includes a weight reduction step for reducing the amount of water existing in the primary space in the housing after the filtration step and before the washing step.
- the space (gap) in which no water exists on the primary side in the housing before the cleaning process can be increased in advance. Therefore, in the cleaning process performed thereafter, the fluid easily passes through the filter from the secondary side to the primary side. Specifically, it is as follows.
- the washing process is performed after the filtration process, there may be a case where a part of the raw water introduced into the housing at the time of the filtration process remains in the primary space in the housing at the start of the washing process. is there.
- the portion (gap) where no water is present in the primary space in the housing is reduced accordingly.
- the cleaning process is performed with a small gap on the primary side, the fluid that has passed through the filter from the secondary side to the primary side is mixed into the water existing in the primary side space so that the primary side Flow into.
- the fluid passing through the filter from the secondary side to the primary side reduces the momentum when the water existing in the primary side flows into the primary side due to resistance, so when passing through the filter Momentum is also reduced.
- the portion (gap) in which water does not exist in the primary space in the housing can be increased in advance before the cleaning process. Therefore, in the cleaning process performed thereafter, the resistance when the fluid moves from the secondary side to the primary side is reduced compared to the case where the weight reduction process is not performed. That is, in the cleaning process, when the fluid passes through the filter from the secondary side to the primary side, water hardly becomes resistant in the primary side space in the housing, so the momentum when passing through the filter is reduced. Can be suppressed. As described above, since the fluid vigorously passes through the filter from the secondary side to the primary side in the cleaning step, the effect of removing foreign matters from the filter can be further enhanced, and thus the cleaning effect is further improved.
- the pressurization step and the washing step are performed a plurality of times between the filtration step and the next filtration step.
- a plurality of the filtration units are used, and when the pressurizing step or the washing step is performed using any one of the filtration units, the filtration is performed using another filtration unit. It is preferred that the process is performed.
- the ballast water treatment system of this embodiment is provided with a filtration unit having a filter, a first on-off valve, a raw water passage for supplying raw water to the filtration unit, and a second on-off valve, and the filtration unit.
- a gas passage for supplying gas to the filtration unit and a controller for controlling the first to fourth on-off valves.
- the controller closes the first on-off valve, the third on-off valve, and the fourth on-off valve after the raw water is filtered by the filtration unit and before the filter is washed.
- the second on-off valve is opened, the first on-off valve, the second on-off valve, and the third on-off valve are closed, and the fourth on-off valve is opened. And the control to be performed.
- the first on-off valve and the third on-off valve are provided after the raw water is filtered by the filtration unit (that is, the filtration step) and before the filter is washed (that is, the washing step). And the control that the fourth on-off valve is closed and the second on-off valve is opened (that is, the increasing step), the first on-off valve, the second on-off valve, and the third on-off valve are closed, Control (pressurization process) is performed to open the fourth on-off valve. Therefore, in this embodiment, the cleaning effect in the cleaning process can be enhanced, and thereby the cleaning efficiency can be improved.
- the controller has the first on-off valve and the fourth on-off valve after the raw water is filtered by the filtration unit and before the filter is washed. It is preferable that the second on-off valve and the third on-off valve are controlled to be in a closed state.
- the first on-off valve and the fourth on-off valve are Control is performed so that the second on-off valve and the third on-off valve are opened (that is, a weight reduction process).
- the space (gap) where no water exists on the primary side in the housing before the cleaning process It can be increased in advance. Therefore, in the cleaning process performed thereafter, the fluid easily passes through the filter from the secondary side to the primary side. Thereby, since the effect which removes a foreign material from a filter can further be raised, the cleaning effect improves further.
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Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、バラスト水処理システム1(バラスト水の製造装置1)は、濾過ユニット2と、コントローラ3と、ポンプ4(バラストポンプ4)と、ミキサー5と、薬剤タンク6と、原水通路11と、濾過水通路12と、排出通路13と、気体通路14と、開閉弁V1~V4と、圧力センサP1,P2とを備える。
次に、バラスト水処理システム1を用いた本実施形態に係るバラスト水の製造方法について説明する。本実施形態の製造方法は、濾過工程と、増量工程と、加圧工程と、洗浄工程(逆流洗浄工程)とを備えている。
図4は、実施形態に係るバラスト水の製造方法における工程の一例を示す表である。図4に示すように、実施例1のバラスト水の製造方法では、濾過工程、増量工程、加圧工程、洗浄工程及び排水工程がこの順に行われる。
図4に示すように、濾過工程において、コントローラ3は、開閉弁V1~V4を制御することにより、第1開閉弁V1と第2開閉弁V2とを開状態とし、第3開閉弁V3と第4開閉弁V4とを閉状態とする。
増量工程において、コントローラ3は、ポンプ4を制御してポンプ4の運転を停止する。また、図4に示すように、コントローラ3は、開閉弁V1~V4を制御することにより、第1開閉弁V1を閉状態に切り換え、第2開閉弁V2を開状態のまま維持し、第3開閉弁V3と第4開閉弁V4とを閉状態のまま維持する。
図4に示すように、加圧工程において、コントローラ3は、開閉弁V1~V4を制御することにより、第1開閉弁V1を閉状態のまま維持し、第2開閉弁V2を閉状態に切り換え、第3開閉弁V3を閉状態のまま維持し、第4開閉弁V4を開状態に切り換える。第4開閉弁V4の開状態への切り換えは、第2開閉弁V2の閉状態への切り換えと同時であってもよく、第2開閉弁V2の閉状態への切り換えの後であってもよい。
図4に示すように、洗浄工程において、コントローラ3は、開閉弁V1~V4を制御することにより、第1開閉弁V1及び第2開閉弁V2を閉状態のまま維持し、第3開閉弁V3を開状態に切り換え、第4開閉弁V4を開状態のまま維持する。
図4に示すように、排水工程において、コントローラ3は、開閉弁V1~V4を制御することにより、第1開閉弁V1及び第2開閉弁V2を閉状態のまま維持し、第3開閉弁V3を開状態のまま維持し、第4開閉弁V4を開状態から閉状態に切り換える。
図5は、実施形態に係るバラスト水の製造方法における工程の他の例を示す表である。図5に示すように、実施例2は、濾過工程と次回の濾過工程との間に、加圧工程及び洗浄工程のセット(具体的には、加圧工程、洗浄工程及び排水工程のセット)を複数回繰り返す点で、実施例1と異なっている。各工程の具体的な内容は、実施例1と同様であるので、説明を省略する。なお、図5に示す実施例2の濾過工程では、設定時間が240秒に設定されているが、この数値に限定されるものではない。
図6は、実施形態に係るバラスト水の製造方法における工程のさらに他の例を示す表である。図6に示すように、実施例3は、減量工程を行う点で実施例1と異なっており、その他の工程は実施例1と同様である。
図7は、実施形態に係るバラスト水の製造方法における工程のさらに他の例を示す表である。図7に示すように、実施例4では、濾過工程、増量工程、加圧工程1及び洗浄工程1までの前半の工程は、濾過工程の設定時間が240秒に設定されている点以外は、図4に示す実施例1における濾過工程から洗浄工程までの4つの工程と同じである。また、実施例4では、その後に行われる後半の工程、すなわち、減量工程、増量工程、加圧工程2、洗浄工程2及び排水工程は、図6に示す実施例3における減量工程から排水工程までの5つの工程と同じである。
図8は、実施形態に係るバラスト水の製造方法における工程のさらに他の例を示す表である。図8に示すように、実施例5では、図3に示すような複数の濾過ユニット2を備えるバラスト水処理システム1が用いられる。具体的に、実施例5では、2つの濾過ユニット2(第1の濾過ユニット2及び第2の濾過ユニット2)が設けられている。図3及び図8に示すように、第1の濾過ユニット2は、第1開閉弁V1a、第2開閉弁V2a、第3開閉弁V3a及び第4開閉弁V4aによって流体の流入又は流出が許容又は抑制され、第2の濾過ユニット2は、第1開閉弁V1b、第2開閉弁V2b、第3開閉弁V3b及び第4開閉弁V4bによって流体の流入又は流出が許容又は抑制されるように構成されている。
図9は、実施形態に係るバラスト水の製造方法における工程のさらに他の例を示す表である。図9に示すように、実施例6は、濾過工程abと増量工程aとの間に減量工程aを行い、濾過工程abと増量工程bとの間に減量工程bを行う点で実施例5と異なっており、その他の工程は実施例5と同様である。減量工程aは、第1の濾過ユニット2によって行われる工程であり、減量工程bは、第2の濾過ユニット2によって行われる工程である。これらの減量工程a及び減量工程bは、図6に示す実施例3における減量工程と同様である。
図10は、参考例1に係るバラスト水の製造方法における工程を示す表である。図10に示す参考例1は、増量工程及び加圧工程が行われない点で、実施例1と異なっており、その他の工程は、実施例1と同様である。
図11は、参考例2に係るバラスト水の製造方法における工程を示す表である。図11に示す参考例2は、増量工程及び加圧工程が行われない点と、切替工程が行われる点とが実施例1と異なっており、その他の工程は、実施例1と同様である。参考例1における切替工程は、濾過工程が行われた後、第3開閉弁V3が開状態に切り換えられる。
図12は、実施例1~6と参考例1,2とを比較した評価結果を示す表である。これらを比較する試験条件は、次の通りである。
なお、本発明は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることができる。
Claims (6)
- ハウジングと、前記ハウジング内に収容されたフィルターとを有する濾過ユニットを用いたバラスト水の製造方法であって、
前記ハウジング内に供給された原水を、前記フィルターよりも上流側である一次側から下流側である二次側に前記フィルターを通過させる濾過工程と、
前記濾過工程の後に、前記ハウジング内への前記原水の供給を停止した状態で、前記ハウジング内における前記二次側の空間に存在する水の量を増やす増量工程と、
前記増量工程の後に、前記ハウジング内への前記原水の供給を停止した状態で、前記ハウジング内を前記二次側から加圧する加圧工程と、
前記加圧工程の後に、前記ハウジング内への前記原水の供給を停止した状態で、流体を前記二次側から前記一次側に前記フィルターを通過させる洗浄工程と、を備えるバラスト水の製造方法。 - 前記濾過工程の後で且つ前記洗浄工程の前に、前記ハウジング内における前記一次側の空間に存在する水の量を減らす減量工程を備える請求項1に記載のバラスト水の製造方法。
- 前記濾過工程と次回の濾過工程との間に、前記加圧工程及び前記洗浄工程が複数回行われる請求項1又は2に記載のバラスト水の製造方法。
- 複数の前記濾過ユニットが用いられ、
何れかの濾過ユニットを用いて前記加圧工程又は前記洗浄工程が行われているときに、別の濾過ユニットを用いて前記濾過工程が行われる請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のバラスト水の製造方法。 - フィルターを有する濾過ユニットと、
第1開閉弁が設けられ、前記濾過ユニットに原水を供給するための原水通路と、
第2開閉弁が設けられ、前記濾過ユニットにおいて生成された濾過水をバラストタンクに送水するための濾過水通路と、
第3開閉弁が設けられ、前記濾過ユニットから水を排出するための排出通路と、
第4開閉弁が設けられ、前記濾過ユニットに気体を供給するための気体通路と、
前記第1~第4開閉弁を制御するコントローラと、を備え、
前記コントローラは、前記濾過ユニットによる前記原水の濾過が行われた後で、且つ、前記フィルターの洗浄が行われる前において、
前記第1開閉弁、前記第3開閉弁及び前記第4開閉弁が閉状態とされ、前記第2開閉弁が開状態とされる制御と、
前記第1開閉弁、前記第2開閉弁及び前記第3開閉弁が閉状態とされ、前記第4開閉弁が開状態とされる制御とを行うように構成されているバラスト水処理システム。 - 前記コントローラは、前記濾過ユニットによる前記原水の濾過が行われた後で、且つ、前記フィルターの洗浄が行われる前において、
前記第1開閉弁及び前記第4開閉弁が閉状態とされ、前記第2開閉弁及び前記第3開閉弁が開状態とされる制御を行うように構成されている請求項5に記載のバラスト水処理システム。
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