WO2016009048A1 - Thermoplastische formmasse enthaltend feststoffpartikel-haltige mikrokugeln - Google Patents
Thermoplastische formmasse enthaltend feststoffpartikel-haltige mikrokugeln Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016009048A1 WO2016009048A1 PCT/EP2015/066426 EP2015066426W WO2016009048A1 WO 2016009048 A1 WO2016009048 A1 WO 2016009048A1 EP 2015066426 W EP2015066426 W EP 2015066426W WO 2016009048 A1 WO2016009048 A1 WO 2016009048A1
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/06—Polystyrene
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
- C08K7/28—Glass
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/08—Copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/12—Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated nitriles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/08—Copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/14—Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
- C08L33/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/04—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to rubbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
- C08K2003/0812—Aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
Definitions
- Thermoplastic molding composition containing solid particles-containing microspheres
- the present invention relates to a thermoplastic molding composition containing a polymer matrix A and a plurality of microspheres M, wherein in the microspheres M at least one, preferably exactly one, solid particles F is arranged. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of the thermoplastic molding composition and to moldings, films or coatings which have been produced from the thermoplastic molding composition according to the invention.
- KR 201 1 -0017086 discloses a synthetic resin composition containing a metallic pigment and microspheres of glass.
- the synthetic resin composition has excellent scratch resistance as well as a metallic appearance and improved weldability.
- JP H06-8240 (1994) describes a method wherein reinforcing fibers of glass, carbon, polyethylene, nylon or polypropylene are coated with a metallic film.
- WO 03/040225 describes a shiny metallic thermoplastic molding composition which contains metal flakes in different admixtures. Metal flake particles of almost the same size and shape are used.
- the known effect formers which lead to an optical effect in a molding material, often do not show a satisfactory result, since the metal effect to be achieved does not appear realistic, only a low metallic gloss can be achieved, and / or orientation of the particles used in the Molding material makes flow lines and weld lines visible in injection molded bodies.
- irritations of the desired metallic effect due to orientation of the added effect formers are produced, in particular in the case of wall thickness changes and closing polymer fronts.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a thermoplastic molding composition, in particular styrene copolymer molding composition, containing effect formers which (in the molding composition) have a random spatial orientation and are oriented neither locally nor overall in a preferred spatial direction.
- thermoplastic molding composition in particular styrene copolymer molding composition, containing a polymer matrix A and a plurality of microbeads M, wherein in the microbeads M at least one, preferably exactly one, solid particles F is arranged ,
- both the microspheres M and the solid particles F contained therein are randomly oriented in the thermoplastic molding composition, that is to say in no preferred spatial direction. Round may also be ellipsoidal in the context of the invention, but a spherical shape is preferred.
- the microspheres M can be filled or hollow. If the microspheres M are hollow, there is at least one, preferably exactly one, solid particle F in the cavity of the microsphere M, which is preferably closed off from the thermoplastic molding compound. In a microsphere M, a plurality of solid particles F or exactly one solid particle F can be arranged. Preferably, exactly one solid particle F is arranged in a microsphere M in order to ensure a flexible arrangement of different solid particles F to one another.
- the shell of the microsphere may consist of organic (eg thermoplastic polymer) or inorganic material (eg glass).
- the microsphere may be hollow or filled.
- the microspheres M in the thermoplastic molding composition have an unchanged spherical shape and the solid particles F are not spherical.
- the spherical shape of the microspheres M should preferably be retained, so that no (preferred) spatial orientation of the microspheres M occurs by flow movements of the thermoplastic molding composition.
- the solid particles F are preferably non-spherical in order to obtain a large surface area (per mass) of the solid particles F, thereby maximizing, for example, a metallic luster.
- the polymer matrix A consists of at least one transparent styrene (co) polymer.
- the refractive indices which can be determined according to DIN 53491: 1955-06, of a material of the polymer matrix A and of a material of the microspheres M differ from each other preferably by less than 1.5%, preferably by less than 1.0%, in particular preferably less than 0.5%.
- microspheres M made of a material which has a similar refractive index as the material of the polymer matrix A, so that the material of the microspheres M itself is not visible in the thermoplastic molding composition, but the optical effect emanates exclusively from the solid particles F as far as possible.
- a polystyrene PS for example from manufacturer Styrolution, Frankfurt
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PS-PMMA copolymer can be used as the material for the hollow spheres M (or the shell).
- the amount (mass) of this material is often low when using thermoplastic polymers, for example less than 5 wt .-%, often less than 1 wt .-% of the total molding composition.
- thermoplastic molding composition which increases with increasing temperature Beyond their glass transition temperature become soft.
- This may include thermoplastic materials, but in principle also natural products and pharmaceuticals.
- the thermoplastic molding composition comprises at least one impact-modified copolymer (such as ASA or ABS) or an impact-modified copolymer blend (such as PC / ASA), and optionally other components.
- the thermoplastic molding composition contains at least one rubber-modified styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, wherein the rubber component may be based on an acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (ASA) or on a polybutadiene.
- ASA acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer
- the thermoplastic molding composition contains at least one rubber-modified styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymer with at least one acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA) rubber having a bimodal particle size distribution and an average particle size of 80 nm to 600 nm, the Particle size is often also 200 nm to 600 nm, and a SAN matrix with an AN content of 25 wt .-% to 35 wt .-%, preferably 27 wt .-% to 33 wt .-%.
- SAN rubber-modified styrene-acrylonitrile
- ASA acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile
- thermoplastics which can be used have been known to the skilled person for years. Examples include: polyamides, polycarbonates, styrene polymers, styrene copolymers or mixtures of these polymers.
- the styrene copolymers which can be used according to the invention include, for example, styrene / acrylonitrile copolymers (SAN), rubber-modified styrene copolymers, such as acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymers (ABS), acrylonitrile / acrylate / styrene copolymers (ASA). Often, SAN and ASA are also used in a mixture.
- thermoplastic molding compositions are listed in detail below.
- the microspheres M in particular as shell, comprise at least 60% by weight, often at least 80% by weight of glass, based on the entire material of the microspheres M.
- glass is described as " polymerized silicate ", so that the term polymerization is also applicable in the production and deformation of glass
- styrene (co) polymers as material for the microspheres, in particular casings, the proportion by weight is often smaller.
- the microspheres M have a content of at least 60% by weight, based on the total material of the microspheres M, of a base material which is selected from a group consisting of: uncrosslinked polymers, such as polystyrene (PS) , and crosslinked polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), styrene copolymers and polycarbonate (PC). Particularly preferred are crosslinked polymers, which are in particular PS / PMMA-based, as the base material for the microspheres M.
- the microspheres M are often at least 80 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 90 wt .-% of the base material. It may be both the shell of the balls and the filling of (possibly different) thermoplastic polymers.
- the solid particles contain F effect former E, so that an effect formation of the solid particles F starts.
- F effect former E Preference is given to metal particles as solid particles F.
- metal particles gives the thermoplastic molding composition a metallic appearance or a metallic coloration.
- the solid particles F have a content of more than 60 wt .-%, preferably more than 80 wt .-% and more preferably more than 90 wt .-% and particularly preferably more than 98 wt .-% of effect image - E on.
- the solid particles F are metal particles, in particular metal platelets, e.g. Aluminum platelets.
- metal particles are understood to mean particles which contain more than 99% by weight of at least one metal or an alloy.
- the solid particles F have a surface which reflects at least 40%, preferably 60% and especially preferably at least 70% of the incident light. It is preferably a smooth surface that is highly reflective.
- the solid particles F have a flat shape (eg platelets) and the shortest spatial extent is less than 5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 3 ⁇ m, and the longest spatial extent is more than 5 ⁇ m, preferably more as 6 ⁇ and less than 200 ⁇ , preferably less than 100 ⁇ , more preferably less than 50 ⁇ and more preferably less than 20 ⁇ .
- the solid particles F may be platelets, but also glitter, flattened spheres or flakes. Particular preference is given to using aluminum flakes having a longest spatial extent of (approximately) 8 ⁇ m.
- an average particle diameter of the microspheres M is less than 200 ⁇ m, preferably less than 100 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably less than 20 ⁇ m.
- the largest spatial extent of the solid particles F is just as large or slightly (eg 1 to 10%) smaller than the average particle diameter of the microspheres M. Minor means in this context that the size of the largest spatial extent of the solid particles F and the average particle diameter of the microspheres M can not deviate from each other by more than 30%.
- the thermoplastic molding composition contains from 40 to 95% by weight, often from about 65 to about 95% by weight, of the polymer matrix A, containing at least one transparent styrene (co) polymer, and 0, 1 wt .-% to 30 wt .-% of solid particles F, preferably from 0.5 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%, and optionally 0.1 to 4.9 wt .-% of auxiliaries and additives , in each case based on the total weight of the thermoplastic molding composition.
- the auxiliaries and additives are different from the solid particles F and also different from the material of the microspheres M.
- the polymer matrix A is permeable to visible light.
- their proportion may be low (eg ⁇ 5% by weight) when using polymer materials or higher (for example ⁇ 10% by weight in the case of glass).
- the content of polymer matrix A in the molding composition can also be greater than 95% by weight for small amounts of solid particles F or microspheres M.
- the thermoplastic molding composition may contain, in addition to the polymer matrix A, a further component B, a further component C and / or a further component D.
- any polymer having thermoplastic properties can be used. It is also possible to use a mixture of different polymer components A, for example SAN and ASA copolymers.
- particulate rubbers are used as further component B. Particularly preferred are those rubbers which have a grafted shell of other, usually non-elastomeric polymers.
- an extruder as a partially dewatered material supplied graft rubber types eg. As polybutadiene or acrylate rubbers contain in a preferred embodiment of the invention, up to 50% by weight, particularly preferably 25% by weight to 40% by weight of residual water.
- One embodiment of the invention consists of a process in which two or more stages of graft rubbers are used as further component B, in which the elastomeric base or grafting stages by polymerization of one or more of the monomers butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, styrene, alkylstyrene, C1 - Are obtained until C12-alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and small amounts of other, even crosslinking monomers, and in which the hard grafting stages of one or more of the monomers styrene, alkylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate are polymerized.
- nitrile / methyl methacrylate and butadiene / n-butyl acrylate methyl methacrylate / styrene / acrylonitrile In the core or shell up to 10 wt .-% of functional groups bearing, polar monomers or crosslinking monomers, be polymerized.
- the polymer matrix A used are: styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride or mixtures of these polymers.
- SAN polymers, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or mixtures of these polymers are preferred.
- polymer matrix A it is also possible to use polycarbonates, polyalkylene terephthalates such as polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate, polyoxymethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfones, polyether sulfones and polyamides, and mixtures of these thermoplastics.
- thermoplastic elastomers such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) can be used as the polymer matrix A.
- the styrene may be wholly or partly replaced by alpha-methylstyrene, or by ring-alkylated styrenes (or by acrylonitrile).
- alpha-methylstyrene / acrylonitrile those based on alpha-methylstyrene / acrylonitrile, styrene / maleic anhydride, styrene / methyl methacrylate and copolymers with imidated maleic anhydride are preferred.
- the further component B are polymers of conjugated dienes such as butadiene, with an external graft on the basis of a vinyl aromatic compound, such as SAN copolymers.
- graft rubbers based on crosslinked polymers of C1-C12-alkyl esters of acrylic acid such as n-butyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, grafted with polymers based on vinylaromatic compounds, such as SAN copolymers.
- Graft rubbers which essentially comprise a copolymer of conjugated dienes and C 1 -C 12 -alkyl acrylates, for example a butadiene-n-butyl acrylate copolymer, and an outer grafting stage of SAN copolymer, polystyrene or PMMA are also commonly used.
- the preparation of such graft rubbers by the customary processes, in particular by emulsion or suspension polymerization, is known.
- SAN-grafted polybutadiene ABS
- ABS SAN-grafted polybutadiene
- ASA SAN-grafted poly-n-butyl acrylate
- Further details on SAN-grafted poly (butadiene / n-butyl acrylate) mixed rubbers can be found in EP-A 62,901.
- the polymer matrix A can be prepared by continuous bulk or solution polymerization, wherein the resulting melt, optionally after removal of the solvent, for example, with a melt pump continuously fed directly to the extruder.
- production by emulsion, suspension or precipitation polymerization is also possible, the polymer being separated from the liquid phase in an additional working step. Details of the manufacturing methods are e.g. in Kunststoffhandbuch, ed. R. Vieweg and G. Daumiller, Vol. V "Polystyrene", Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff, 1969, p. 1 18 to p.
- ABS acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene
- ASA molding compounds acrylonitrile / styrene / acrylate
- graft rubbers with up to 60 wt .-% residual water content based on polydienes and / or polyalkyl acrylates and SAN and / or PMMA are used, which are composed of more than two grafting steps.
- Examples of such multi-stage graft particles are particles which contain as polydiene and / or polyalkyl acrylate as the core, a polystyrene or SAN polymer as the first shell and another SAN polymer having a modified weight ratio of styrene: acrylonitrile as the second shell, or else particles of one Polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate or SAN polymer core, a first shell of polydiene and / or polyalkyl acrylate and a second shell of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate or SAN polymer.
- graft rubbers from a polydiene core one or more polyalkyl acrylate shells and one or more polymer shells made of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate or SAN polymer or analogously constructed graft rubber with acrylate core and polydiene sheaths.
- copolymers having a multistage core-shell structure of crosslinked alkyl acrylate, styrene, methyl methacrylate and an outer shell of PMMA are customary.
- Such multi-stage graft rubbers are e.g. described in DE-OS 31 49 046.
- Graft rubbers based on n-butyl acrylate / styrene / methyl methacrylate with a shell of PMMA are e.g. described in EP-A 512 333, whereby any other prior art construction of such graft rubbers is possible.
- Such rubbers are used as an impact-modifying component for polyvinyl chloride and preferably for impact-resistant PMMA.
- polymer matrix A SAN copolymers and / or PMMA are preferably used in turn. If the further component B is a multi-shell core / shell polymer based on n-butyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate, and the polymer matrix A PMMA, impact-resistant PMMA is obtained.
- the diameter of the particulate graft rubbers is 0.05 ⁇ to 20 ⁇ . In the case of the generally known small diameter graft rubbers, it is preferably 80 nm to 600 nm and particularly preferably 100 nm to 600 nm. In the case of the large-scale graft rubbers expediently prepared by suspension polymerization, the diameter is preferably 1.8 to 18 ⁇ m and in particular 2 ⁇ to 15 ⁇ . Such graft rubbers of large diameter teaches, for example, DE-OS 44 43 886. Preferred embodiments of the polymer matrix A are in this embodiment, the said SAN copolymers, polystyrene and / or PMMA.
- the further component C are further polymers, in particular thermoplastic polymers.
- all polymers are considered, which were named for the polymer matrix A.
- the polymer matrix A and the further component C differ by the monomers used.
- the polymer matrix A and the further component C generally differ by the proportions of the monomers.
- polymers B and C may be styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers which differ in styrene to acrylonitrile ratio. If the proportions of the monomers are identical, the polymer matrix A and the further component C differ by their different average molecular weights Mw (B) and Mw (C), measurable, for example, as different viscosity numbers VZ (B) and VZ (C ).
- styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate and vinyl chloride which are mentioned inter alia for component B
- the following other compounds can also be used as essential constituents as monomers for the preparation of further component C: - ⁇ -methylstyrene and styrene or C1-C8 alkylated styrenes o Methyl styrenes, - Methacrylonitrile, - C1 to C12 alkyl esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid - maleic acid, maleic anhydride, and maleimides - vinyl ethers, vinyl formamide.
- further components C are polymers based on methyl styrene / acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate, and also copolymers of alkyl esters of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid and styrene or acrylonitrile or styrene and acrylonitrile.
- Further preferred further components C are styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers having deviating from the component B proportions of the monomers, or different average molecular weights Mw. The determination of Mw is carried out according to common methods.
- copolymers of ⁇ -methylstyrene and acrylonitrile polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonates, polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides, copolymers of at least two of the monomers styrene, methyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile and maleimides, for example copolymers of styrene, maleic anhydride and phenylmaleimide Bulk or solution polymerization prepared ABS, thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). The preparation of these polymers is known to the person skilled in the art, for which reason it will be discussed only briefly below.
- Polymethylmethacrylates are in particular polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and copolymers based on methyl methacrylate with up to 40% by weight of further copolymerizable monomers, as are obtainable, for example, under the name Plexiglas from Evonik.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- copolymers based on methyl methacrylate with up to 40% by weight of further copolymerizable monomers are obtainable, for example, under the name Plexiglas from Evonik.
- a copolymer of 98 wt .-% of methyl methacrylate and 2 wt .-% of methyl acrylate as a comonomer Plexiglas 8N, Fa. Evonik
- a copolymer of methyl methacrylate with styrene and maleic anhydride as comonomers (Plexiglas HW55, Evonik).
- Suitable polycarbonates are known per se. They are obtainable, for example, according to the processes of DE-B-1 300 266 by interfacial polycondensation or according to the process of DE-A-14 95 730 by reacting biphenyl carbonate with bisphenols.
- Preferred bisphenol is 2,2-di (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, generally referred to as bisphenol A.
- bisphenol A instead of bisphenol A, it is also possible to use other aromatic dihydroxy compounds, in particular 2,2-di (4-hydroxyphenyl) pentane, 2,6-dihydroxynapthalene, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl ether, 4,4 '-Dihydroxydiphenylsulfit, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl-methane, 1, 1 -di (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane or 4,4-dihydroxydiphenyl and mixtures of the aforementioned dihydroxy compounds.
- Particularly preferred polycarbonates are those based on bisphenol A or bisphenol A together with up to 30 mol% of the abovementioned aromatic dihydroxy compounds.
- Polycarbonates are available, for example, under the trade names Makroion (Bayer), Lexan (SABIC IP), Panlite (Tejin) or Caliber (Dow).
- the relative viscosity of these polycarbonates is generally in the range of 1, 1 to 1, 5, in particular 1, 28 to 1, 4 (measured at 25 ° C in a 0.5 wt .-% solution in dichloromethane).
- Polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate are generally prepared in a manner known per se by condensation of terephthalic acid or its esters with butanediol or ethanediol with catalysis. The condensation is advantageously carried out in two stages (precondensation and polycondensation). Details can be found, for example, Ullmann's Encyclopadie der Technischen Chemie, 4th Edition, Volume 19, pages 61 to 88. Polybutylene terephthalate is commercially available, for example, as Ultradur (BASF).
- Preferred polyamides are generally those with aliphatic partially crystalline or partially aromatic and amorphous structure of any kind and their blends.
- Thermoplastic polyurethanes are usually prepared by reacting organic, preferably aromatic, diisocyanates such as 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate with polyhydroxyl compounds, which are preferably substantially linear, such as polyetherols, or polyesterols, such as polyalkylene glycol polyadipates, and diols, such as butanol, which act as chain extenders. 1, 4-diol, in the presence of catalysts such as tertiary amines (such as triethylamine) or organic metal compounds.
- the ratio NCO groups of the diisocyanates to the sum of the OH groups is preferably about 1 to 1.
- the production of the TPU is carried out according to the so-called strip process in which the said components and the catalyst are mixed continuously by means of a mixing head and the reaction mixture is applied to a conveyor belt.
- the band passes through a tempered to 60 ° C to 200 ° C zone, the mixture reacted and solidifies.
- Details of the TPU are e.g. to refer to EP-A 443 432.
- TPUs are available, for example, under the trade name Elastollane (Elasto gran).
- the further component C may essentially consist of copolymers of C 2 - to C 9 -alkenes such as ethylene, propene and butene with vinylaromatics, polar comonomers such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, the C 1 - to C 12 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid and of methacrylic acid, other mono or polyfunctional ethylenically unsaturated acids such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and their esters, in particular glycidyl esters, esters with C1 to C9 alkanols and esters with acryl-substituted C1 to C9 alkanols, carbon monoxide, non-aromatic vinyl compounds such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl alkyl ethers, basic Monomers such as hydroxyethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, vinylcarbazole, vinylaniline, vinylcaprol
- a further component C which can be prepared from 40 to 75% by weight of ethylene, 5 to 20% by weight of carbon monoxide and 20 to 40% by weight of n-butyl acrylate (as Elvaloy E HP-4051 (DuPont) commercially available), or a polymer consisting of 50 to 98.9% by weight of ethylene, 1 to 45% by weight of n-butyl acrylate and 0.1 to 20% by weight of one or more Compounds selected from the group of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and maleic anhydride, can be produced.
- the latter embodiments are usually prepared by free-radical polymerization and are described in US Pat. Nos. 2,897,183 and 5,057,593.
- copolymers of butadiene or substituted butadienes with styrene, methyl methacrylate or acrylonitrile are suitable, for example nitrile rubber (NBR) or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).
- NBR nitrile rubber
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- the olefinic double bonds in these copolymers may be completely or partially hydrogenated.
- further component C are optionally hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated copolymers of butadiene and styrene with block structures. They are preferably prepared by the method of anionic polymerization in solution using organometallic compounds such as sec. Butyllithium prepared to linear block rubbers, for example, the structure of styrene / butadiene (diblock) or styrene / butadiene / styrene (triblock) arise. These blocks may be separated from each other by random distribution polymers, and further, the blocks may also contain minor amounts of units of the other monomer.
- polymer chains are formed which, starting from a butadiene-rich starting segment, have an increasing styrene content along the chain and finally terminate in a homo-polystyrene end segment. Details of the production process are described in DE-A 31 06 959. Also constructed, optionally hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated, other components C are well suited.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- polymers with a star-shaped structure which are obtained by linking a plurality of polymer chains, mainly triblock polymers of the styrene / butadiene / styrene type, via polyfunctional molecules.
- Suitable linking agents are e.g.
- Polyepoxides for example epoxidized linseed oil, polyisocyanates such as benzo-1, 2,4-triisocyanate, polyketones such as 1, 3,6-hexanetrione and polyanhydrides, also dicarboxylic acid esters such as diethyl adipate, and silicon halides such as SiC14, metal halides such as TiC14 and polyvinyl aromatics such as divinylbenzenes. More about the preparation of these polymers is e.g. DE-A 26 10 068 can be seen.
- thermoplastic molding compositions prepared by the process according to the invention can also contain additives, for example waxes, plasticizers, lubricants and mold release agents, optionally further pigments and dyes, as further component D, Matting agents, flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers and thermal damage, optionally small amounts fibrous and powdery fillers and reinforcing agents and antistatic agents, generally in the amounts customary for these compositions.
- additives for example waxes, plasticizers, lubricants and mold release agents, optionally further pigments and dyes, as further component D, Matting agents, flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers and thermal damage, optionally small amounts fibrous and powdery fillers and reinforcing agents and antistatic agents, generally in the amounts customary for these compositions.
- the additives D may be solid, liquid or gaseous in pure form, or already be used together as a mixture of pure substances. They are often added in an amount of 0.1 to 4.9 wt .-%, based on the total molding composition. They can also be used in a formulation which facilitates the dosage, for example as a solution or as a dispersion (emulsion or suspension). A formulation as masterbatch is also suitable and in some cases preferred.
- the thermoplastic molding composition contains 50 to 95 wt .-%, often 65 to 95 wt .-%, of a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer and 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, of solid particles F in the form of metal particles. These metal particles are (at least predominantly, e.g., at least 90%) in the microspheres M.
- the thermoplastic molding composition contains 1 to 70% by weight of at least one rubber-modified styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, the rubber component being based on an acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer or on a polybutadiene.
- the invention also relates to a thermoplastic molding composition
- a thermoplastic molding composition comprising, based in each case on the total weight of the molding composition, 60 to 95 wt .-% of a polymer matrix A of at least one styrene copolymer, and 0.1 wt .-% to 30 wt.
- % of platelet-shaped solid particles F which are in a plurality of microspheres M having an average particle diameter of the microspheres M of less than 100 ⁇ , wherein the microspheres M contain a copolymer and in each case a platelet-shaped solid particles F, wherein the refractive indices of the styrene copolymer of the polymer matrix A and of the copolymer of the microspheres M differ from one another by less than 0.5%.
- the polymer matrix A and microspheres M containing at least one, preferably exactly one solid particle F, provided and the solid particles-containing microspheres M are uniformly mixed or compounded with the polymer matrix A.
- at least one, preferably exactly one solid particle F is introduced into the microspheres M during a polymerization in order to produce the microspheres M, US Pat that solid particles-containing microspheres M are formed, which are then uniformly mixed or compounded with the polymer matrix A.
- thermoplastic molding composition can be processed by conventional methods into shaped bodies, films or coatings. Examples include extrusion (for pipes, profiles, fibers, films and sheets), injection molding (for moldings of all kinds) as well as calendering and rolling (for sheets and films).
- the Figure Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a microsphere (M) 1, which contains exactly one metal particle (F) 2 (platelets, Al-Flake).
- FIG. 2 shows a section of a thermoplastic component which has been produced from a conventional thermoplastic molding compound 4 of the prior art.
- thermoplastic molding material was supplied via the discharge point 3 and has the contour former 5 circumscribed.
- a polymer front 6 is visible because the solid particles F containing effect formers E, such as metal flakes, have aligned in accordance with the direction of flow of the thermal polymer mass 4, resulting in undesired optical effects.
- FIG. 3 shows schematically a component according to the invention which has been produced from a thermoplastic molding compound 7 according to the invention.
- a contour former 5 is surrounded by the thermoplastic molding compound 7, since the solid particles F, which are each enclosed by a microsphere M, do not align as a function of the flow direction of the thermoplastic molding composition.
- thermoplastic molding composition whose main components are SAN and ASA, 1 wt .-% aluminum flakes are added with a maximum spatial extent of 8 ⁇ to achieve a metallic (optical) effect of the thermoplastic see molding compound.
- the composition may, for. B. 90 wt .-% commercial SAN (such as Luran® 358, from Styrolution) and 9 wt .-% ASA, (such as Luran ® S, from Styrolution).
- SAN such as Luran® 358, from Styrolution
- ASA such as Luran ® S, from Styrolution
- the same amount of aluminum flakes with a maximum spatial extent of 8 ⁇ m is added to the transparent thermoplastic molding compound, with the difference that the aluminum flakes are not fed directly to the thermoplastic molding compound.
- microspheres with a diameter of about 10 ⁇ m are produced, each containing one of the aluminum flakes per microspheres.
- the microspheres are made (with a shell) from a transparent material that is PS / PMMA based and crosslinked, and have a similar index of refraction as the above.
- thermoplastic molding compound (SAN, ASA) has (difference ⁇ 0.5%).
- the microspheres are filled with the transparent copolymer material (see above) and completely surround the respective aluminum flake.
- the microspheres containing the aluminum flakes are then added to the thermoplastic molding compound.
- the microspheres are distributed in the molding compound and the shape of the microspheres remains unchanged during and after addition to the thermoplastic molding composition.
- this thermoplastic molding composition according to the invention which contains aluminum flakes encapsulated in microspheres, by means of injection molding, the transparency of the thermoplastic molding composition surprisingly remains almost completely intact.
- the flow lines on contour formers are not or hardly recognizable. A spatial orientation of the aluminum flakes in the molding compound or the molding is not visible.
- thermoplastic molding compound is given a shiny metallic appearance.
- Corresponding experiments can be performed on other metal platelets and other styrene copolymer matrices and small amounts (e.g., less than 1% by weight) of stabilizer additive.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/325,648 US20180223087A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 | 2015-07-17 | Thermoplastic moulding compound containing microspheres having solid material particles |
EP15738911.5A EP3169728A1 (de) | 2014-07-17 | 2015-07-17 | Thermoplastische formmasse enthaltend feststoffpartikel-haltige mikrokugeln |
KR1020177004325A KR20170035971A (ko) | 2014-07-17 | 2015-07-17 | 고체 재료 입자를 갖는 마이크로스피어를 함유하는 열가소성 성형 복합물 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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EP14177396 | 2014-07-17 | ||
EP14177396.0 | 2014-07-17 |
Publications (1)
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WO2016009048A1 true WO2016009048A1 (de) | 2016-01-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2015/066426 WO2016009048A1 (de) | 2014-07-17 | 2015-07-17 | Thermoplastische formmasse enthaltend feststoffpartikel-haltige mikrokugeln |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US20180223087A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3169728A1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20170035971A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016009048A1 (de) |
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JP7534398B2 (ja) * | 2019-10-30 | 2024-08-14 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー | 金属的外観を有する成形品 |
WO2021081786A1 (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Molded article with metallic appearance |
KR102629643B1 (ko) * | 2021-10-26 | 2024-01-29 | 단국대학교 산학협력단 | 금속 유사 고분자 복합재 및 이의 제조방법 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1231237A1 (de) * | 2001-02-10 | 2002-08-14 | MERCK PATENT GmbH | Glanzpigmente und Füllkörper enthaltendes Kunststoffteil |
WO2003040225A1 (de) * | 2001-11-08 | 2003-05-15 | Albis Plastic Gmbh | Metallic-farbene thermoplastische formmasse |
KR20110017086A (ko) * | 2009-08-13 | 2011-02-21 | 한일이화주식회사 | 금속안료를 첨가한 경량 합성수지 조성물 |
-
2015
- 2015-07-17 WO PCT/EP2015/066426 patent/WO2016009048A1/de active Application Filing
- 2015-07-17 KR KR1020177004325A patent/KR20170035971A/ko unknown
- 2015-07-17 US US15/325,648 patent/US20180223087A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-07-17 EP EP15738911.5A patent/EP3169728A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1231237A1 (de) * | 2001-02-10 | 2002-08-14 | MERCK PATENT GmbH | Glanzpigmente und Füllkörper enthaltendes Kunststoffteil |
WO2003040225A1 (de) * | 2001-11-08 | 2003-05-15 | Albis Plastic Gmbh | Metallic-farbene thermoplastische formmasse |
KR20110017086A (ko) * | 2009-08-13 | 2011-02-21 | 한일이화주식회사 | 금속안료를 첨가한 경량 합성수지 조성물 |
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US20180223087A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
EP3169728A1 (de) | 2017-05-24 |
KR20170035971A (ko) | 2017-03-31 |
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