WO2016076802A1 - Method and device for mineral melt stream manipulation - Google Patents
Method and device for mineral melt stream manipulation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016076802A1 WO2016076802A1 PCT/SI2014/000068 SI2014000068W WO2016076802A1 WO 2016076802 A1 WO2016076802 A1 WO 2016076802A1 SI 2014000068 W SI2014000068 W SI 2014000068W WO 2016076802 A1 WO2016076802 A1 WO 2016076802A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mineral
- melt stream
- melt
- mineral melt
- frequency
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/04—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor
- C03B37/05—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor by projecting molten glass on a rotating body having no radial orifices
- C03B37/055—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor by projecting molten glass on a rotating body having no radial orifices by projecting onto and spinning off the outer surface of the rotating body
Definitions
- This invention relates to efficient transformation of molten mineral material (such as molten stone, or glass, or similar) into mineral fibers, said mineral fiber used in heating insulation.
- molten mineral material such as molten stone, or glass, or similar
- a state of the art fiberizing apparatus is described in EP 1409423.
- a typical spinning machine consists of 3 to 4 fiberizing rotating wheels, also known as the spinning wheels, or rotating wheels (term used in this patent application), or rotors.
- the mineral melt discharged from the melting furnace or similar device for heating up and melting raw materials used in mineral wool formation forms a nearly vertical melt stream as it is poured onto the spinning machine.
- the melt stream is directed towards the mantle surface of the first wheel where it partly adheres to the surface by forming a melt film which is then drawn in motion. With the aid of the centrifugal force a part of the melt forms liquid ligaments that solidify to the mineral wool fibers while the remaining quantity of the melt is thrown out as a cascade of drops against the mantle surface of the adjacent second wheel in the series.
- Method and device for impinging mineral melt stream manipulation solves above referenced technical problem by actively controlling melt stream behaviour by electromagnetic forces acting on the melt flow in the vicinity of spinning cylinders.
- mineral melts stands for stone melt, glass melt or any other form of mineral melt which is later transformed into mineral fibre used in thermal insulation applications.
- the present invention overcomes the above described technical problem by actively controlling the melt flow and tailoring the shape of the melt stream.
- the present invention employs both static and alternating electromagnetic fields which exert electromagnetic forces on the mineral melt stream.
- the electromagnetic forces are used to control the position of the contact point between mineral melt stream and spinning cylinders which can fluctuate due to inhomogeneous melt.
- the melt stream can be flattened in order to increase the contact surface between the mineral melt and the spinning cylinders. Both methods are necessary to keep a constant production yield of mineral wool at the maximum level.
- Fig. 1 shows melt stream (1), rotating wheel (2), waveguide (3), and high-frequency horn (4).
- Fig. 2 shows melt stream (1), rotating wheel (2), and radio frequency coil (5).
- Fig. 3 shows melt stream (1), rotating wheel (2), and a pair of essentially parallel conducting plates (6, 7).
- Fig. 4 shows melt stream (1), rotating wheel (2), and an electrode (8).
- p is the pressure in Pa (Pascals)
- B is the magnetic field density in T (Tesla)
- high-frequency electromagnetic field has magnetic field density between 0.1 mT and 10 mT, preferably around 5 mT, and with high-frequency between 100 MHz (mega Herz) and 1 GHz, preferably at a frequency of 100 MHz, where the skin depth for mineral melt of the order of melt stream radius, e.g. around 1.5 cm (centimetre).
- the high-frequency electromagnetic field obtained by using a high-frequency generator, is directed on the mineral melt stream (1) in front of the first spinning cylinder (2) via at least one waveguide (3) and at least one high-frequency horn (4).
- This high-frequency horn is used to apply high-frequency electromagnetic field on melt stream which is to be managed.
- radio- frequency coil can be used (5).
- the flattening of the mineral melt stream (1) is realized by directed and well localized electromagnetic field from high-frequency horn (4) or radio-frequency coil (5) on one or more sides of the stream. In case of a single horn, a fixed surface is placed on the other site of the stream. In this way the stream is flattened and not bent.
- melt stream (1) is not only flattened but also bent.
- both profile and deflection of said mineral melt stream is controlled by the electrostatic field formed by at least two essentially parallel conducting plates (6, 7) surrounding the mineral melt stream (1) in the area above the spinning cylinder (2) or simply by approaching the melt stream with at least one electrode (8) at high voltage.
- electrodes are optionally protected from said mineral melt due to its high temperature by a housing preferably made of ceramic or similar material.
- a housing preferably made of ceramic or similar material.
- Homogeneous electric field exerts electrostatic force on the charged stream of melt:
- the above electrostatic force is directed towards the charged plate, whereas, the opposite plate is grounded to the same potential as the rest of the apparatus.
- the electrically charged stream leaving the two plate capacitor can be additionally deformed by means of inhomogeneous electric field produced by four conducting plates with two facing plates equally charged. On one pair a strong positive charge is applied and on the other equally strong but opposite charge is applied. Such arrangement flattens the mineral melt stream before hitting the first spinning cylinder and therefore increases the contact surface.
- any optimized complex electrode configurations can be used to maximize the stream flattening and deflection.
- the position of the contact point on the spinning cylinder and the width of the mineral melt stream can be instantly corrected electronically in order to keep the maximum production rate.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Method and device for impinging mineral melt stream manipulation solves above referenced technical problem by actively controlling melt stream behaviour by electromagnetic forces acting on the melt flow in the vicinity of spinning cylinders. The present invention overcomes the above described technical problem by actively controlling the melt flow and tailoring the shape of the melt stream. The present invention employs both static and alternating electromagnetic fields which exert electromagnetic forces on the mineral melt stream. The electromagnetic forces can be used to control the position of the contact point between mineral melt stream and spinning cylinders which can fluctuate due to inhomogeneous melt. In addition, the melt stream can be flattened in order to increase the contact surface between the mineral melt and the spinning cylinders. Both methods are necessary to keep a constant production yield of mineral wool at the maximum level.
Description
Method and device for mineral melt stream manipulation
Technical Problem
Technical problem to be solved with present invention is finding an efficient way to bend impinging melt (molten stone or molten glass which is to be transformed into mineral wool, primarily used for insulation purposes) jet towards a rotating wheel in order to provide for better contact between a melt and surface of said wheel.
State of the Art
This invention relates to efficient transformation of molten mineral material (such as molten stone, or glass, or similar) into mineral fibers, said mineral fiber used in heating insulation.
A state of the art fiberizing apparatus is described in EP 1409423. A typical spinning machine consists of 3 to 4 fiberizing rotating wheels, also known as the spinning wheels, or rotating wheels (term used in this patent application), or rotors.
The mineral melt discharged from the melting furnace or similar device for heating up and melting raw materials used in mineral wool formation forms a nearly vertical melt stream as it is poured onto the spinning machine. The melt stream is directed towards the mantle surface of the first wheel where it partly adheres to the surface by forming a melt film which is then drawn in motion. With the aid of the centrifugal force a part of the melt forms liquid ligaments that solidify to the mineral wool fibers while the remaining quantity of the melt is thrown out as a cascade of drops against the mantle surface of the adjacent second wheel in the series. Again, a part of the melt adheres to the second wheel surface sufficiently to be formed into fibers and the remainder is thrown onto the mantle surface of the third wheel of the spinner machine and so forth, until the last wheel where the remaining mass flow of the melt is assumed to be low enough to fiberize completely. The performance of the apparatus critically depends on the direction at which the melt is injected on the spinning wheels. So far this has been controlled passively, i.e. by mechanical adjustment of the position of melt stream relative to the positions of spinning wheels thus defining the incident angle at which
the melt is injected. However, as this angle may not be optimal for the formation of melt film, there is a need for an active control of the melt stream shape, position and direction of flow to ensure optimal production yield.
Detailed description of the invention
Method and device for impinging mineral melt stream manipulation solves above referenced technical problem by actively controlling melt stream behaviour by electromagnetic forces acting on the melt flow in the vicinity of spinning cylinders.
To solve above referenced problem one should realize that there are two competing forces at work - adhesion keeps said melt close to the surface of the wheel, and centrifugal force tries to pull melt away from the wheel. The efficiency of adhesion is, among other factors, also controlled by the direction (angle) at which the melt stream is directed towards the wheels. Finding an efficient method for such control, that could also be incorporated in any self- adapting algorithm, is thus of extreme importance for the efficiency of the transformation of molten mineral material.
For purposes of this application mineral melts stands for stone melt, glass melt or any other form of mineral melt which is later transformed into mineral fibre used in thermal insulation applications.
The present invention overcomes the above described technical problem by actively controlling the melt flow and tailoring the shape of the melt stream. The present invention employs both static and alternating electromagnetic fields which exert electromagnetic forces on the mineral melt stream. The electromagnetic forces are used to control the position of the contact point between mineral melt stream and spinning cylinders which can fluctuate due to inhomogeneous melt. In addition, the melt stream can be flattened in order to increase the contact surface between the mineral melt and the spinning cylinders. Both methods are necessary to keep a constant production yield of mineral wool at the maximum level.
Below, particular embodiments will be discussed in details by means of accompanying figures; these figures form part of this patent application, and are showing:
Fig. 1 shows melt stream (1), rotating wheel (2), waveguide (3), and high-frequency horn (4). Fig. 2 shows melt stream (1), rotating wheel (2), and radio frequency coil (5).
Fig. 3 shows melt stream (1), rotating wheel (2), and a pair of essentially parallel conducting plates (6, 7).
Fig. 4 shows melt stream (1), rotating wheel (2), and an electrode (8).
In the first embodiment of the present invention directed high-power high-frequency electromagnetic field is used to exert the local time-average magnetic pressure on the mineral melt stream, given by p = 52/4μ0.
Here p is the pressure in Pa (Pascals), B is the magnetic field density in T (Tesla), and μο is the magnetic permeability of vacuum (=4π x 10"7 H/m). Due to finite, temperature dependent electrical conductivity of the mineral melt eddy currents appear in the melt which gives rise to the magnetic pressure difference, caused by the skin effect, and consequently magnetic force on the melt yet.
For purposes of this application high-frequency electromagnetic field has magnetic field density between 0.1 mT and 10 mT, preferably around 5 mT, and with high-frequency between 100 MHz (mega Herz) and 1 GHz, preferably at a frequency of 100 MHz, where the skin depth for mineral melt of the order of melt stream radius, e.g. around 1.5 cm (centimetre).
The high-frequency electromagnetic field, obtained by using a high-frequency generator, is directed on the mineral melt stream (1) in front of the first spinning cylinder (2) via at least one waveguide (3) and at least one high-frequency horn (4). This high-frequency horn is used to apply high-frequency electromagnetic field on melt stream which is to be managed. When frequencies are in the range of few hundred MHz, instead of high-frequency horn, radio- frequency coil can be used (5). By means of the directed magnetic pressure the mineral melt
stream becomes deflected and flattened. The angle of deflection is approximately given by the following expression [J. Etay, et al. J. Fluid Mech. 194, 3009-331 (1988)0 a = P σ μο / (2 p «0 λ), where a is the deflection angle in radians from the incident flow direction, P is the electromagnetic source power in W (Watt), σ is the electric conductivity of the mineral melt, p is the mineral melt mass density in kg/m3, wo is the velocity of mineral melt stream, and λ = 1 - 2γ / (p w0 2 do), with γ being surface tension in N/m (Newtons per meter) and do being stream radius in m (meters). The above expression has been derived for the case when the finite electromagnetic penetration depth, due to skin effect, is comparable to do. The sizable effects are obtained for electromagnetic field frequencies in the range of several 100 MHz, i.e. well into the radio frequency or even microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The largest deflection is obtained for vanishing values of parameter λ. This is realized when the following condition is met wo2 do = 2y I p.
When λ is close to zero the deflection angle is the most sensitive to external effects such as electromagnetic forces.
The flattening of the mineral melt stream (1) is realized by directed and well localized electromagnetic field from high-frequency horn (4) or radio-frequency coil (5) on one or more sides of the stream. In case of a single horn, a fixed surface is placed on the other site of the stream. In this way the stream is flattened and not bent.
If plurality of high-frequency horns (4) are used, it was found that the melt stream (1) is not only flattened but also bent.
In demonstration experiments conducted with liquid metal Hg it was found that the best results (i.e. highest bending and flattening) was achieved when high-frequency magnetic field of density of about 100 mT and frequency of 350 kHz was used. These values were varied in
order to find the optimum window of high-frequency electromagnetic field density and frequency. Lower frequencies used in these experiments were still efficient because of higher conductivity of liquid Hg as compared to standard mineral melts.
In the second embodiment of the present invention both profile and deflection of said mineral melt stream is controlled by the electrostatic field formed by at least two essentially parallel conducting plates (6, 7) surrounding the mineral melt stream (1) in the area above the spinning cylinder (2) or simply by approaching the melt stream with at least one electrode (8) at high voltage. In both cases electrodes are optionally protected from said mineral melt due to its high temperature by a housing preferably made of ceramic or similar material. In the presence of strong electric field the opposite electric charge is accumulated in the mineral melt stream closest to the charged plates [M. Ziaei-Moayyed, et al. J. Chem. Edu. 77, 1520 (2000).]. Homogeneous electric field exerts electrostatic force on the charged stream of melt:
F = e E = e U/ l, where e is accumulated electric charge in As (Ampere second), U is applied voltage in V (Volts) on the parallel capacitor plates and / is distance between the plates in m (meters).
Based on tests conducted with liquid of similar properties to mineral melt it was established that the optimum results were achieved by applying accumulated electric charge between approximately 10"7 As and 10"9 As, further by applying voltage up to approximately 10 kV, preferably between 5 kV and 10 kV, and also by placing said plates apart using distance between approximately 1 cm and 15 cm, preferably between 4 cm and 7 cm.
The above electrostatic force is directed towards the charged plate, whereas, the opposite plate is grounded to the same potential as the rest of the apparatus. The electrically charged stream leaving the two plate capacitor can be additionally deformed by means of inhomogeneous electric field produced by four conducting plates with two facing plates equally charged. On one pair a strong positive charge is applied and on the other equally strong but opposite charge is applied. Such arrangement flattens the mineral melt stream before hitting the first spinning cylinder and therefore increases the contact surface. Instead of two or four
appropriately charged plates any optimized complex electrode configurations can be used to maximize the stream flattening and deflection.
In each embodiment the position of the contact point on the spinning cylinder and the width of the mineral melt stream can be instantly corrected electronically in order to keep the maximum production rate.
Claims
1. Method for mineral melt stream manipulation comprising of the following steps:
melting of appropriate quantity of mineral such as stone or glass into a mineral melt;
- directing of said mineral melt toward the spinning wheel in form of mineral melt stream;
- manipulating said mineral jet by means of external Lorentz forces, these forces chosen from the group consisting of high-frequency electromagnetic field forces and electrostatic field forces.
2. Method according to claim 1 wherein high-frequency electromagnetic field has density between 0.1 mT and 10 mT, preferably around 5 mT, and further, has frequency between 100 MHz and 1 GHz, preferably 100 MHz.
3. Method according to claim 2 wherein high-frequency electromagnetic field is applied to mineral jet (1) by means of at least one waveguide (3) and at least one high-frequency horn (4).
4. Method according to any of previous claims wherein said mineral melt stream is flattened by said high-frequency electromagnetic field forces.
5. Method according to any of previous claims wherein said mineral melt stream is deflected by said high-frequency electromagnetic field forces.
6. Method according to claim 1 wherein electrostatic field is achieved by applying accumulated electric charge between approximately 10"7 As and 10"9 As, further by applying voltage up to approximately 10 kV, preferably between 5 kV and 10 kV, and also by placing said plates apart using distance between approximately 1 cm and 15 cm, preferably between 4 cm and 7 cm.
7. Method according to claim 6 wherein electrostatic field is applied to mineral jet by means of least two essentially parallel conducting plates (6, 7) surrounding the mineral melt stream (1) in the area above the spinning cylinder (2).
8. Method according to claim 6 wherein electrostatic field is applied to mineral jet (1) by means of at least one electrode (8) at voltage as specified in claim 6.
9. Device for mineral melt stream manipulation for carrying out method according to any of claims 1 to 5 comprised of at least one high-frequency horn (4) and at least one waveguide (3).
10. Device for mineral melt stream manipulation for carrying out method according to any of claims 1 to 5 comprised of at least one radio-frequency coil (5).
11. Device for mineral melt stream manipulation for carrying out method according to any of claims 1 , 6, or 7 comprised of at least two parallel conducting plates (6, 7) surrounding the mineral melt stream (1) in the area above the spinning cylinder (2).
12. Device for mineral melt stream manipulation for carrying out method according to any of claims 1, 6, or 8 comprised of at least one electrode (8) at as specified in claim 6.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SI2014/000068 WO2016076802A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 | 2014-11-13 | Method and device for mineral melt stream manipulation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SI2014/000068 WO2016076802A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 | 2014-11-13 | Method and device for mineral melt stream manipulation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016076802A1 true WO2016076802A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
Family
ID=52450549
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SI2014/000068 WO2016076802A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 | 2014-11-13 | Method and device for mineral melt stream manipulation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2016076802A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0567480B1 (en) * | 1991-01-16 | 1994-11-30 | Rockwool International A/S | Process and apparatus for making mineral wool fibres |
| US5601628A (en) * | 1992-08-20 | 1997-02-11 | Isover Saint-Gobain | Method for the production of mineral wool |
| EP1409423A1 (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2004-04-21 | Paroc Group Oy Ab | Method and apparatus for the manufacture of mineral wool |
-
2014
- 2014-11-13 WO PCT/SI2014/000068 patent/WO2016076802A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0567480B1 (en) * | 1991-01-16 | 1994-11-30 | Rockwool International A/S | Process and apparatus for making mineral wool fibres |
| US5601628A (en) * | 1992-08-20 | 1997-02-11 | Isover Saint-Gobain | Method for the production of mineral wool |
| EP1409423A1 (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2004-04-21 | Paroc Group Oy Ab | Method and apparatus for the manufacture of mineral wool |
| EP1409423B1 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2006-12-06 | Paroc Group Oy Ab | Method and apparatus for the manufacture of mineral wool |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| J. ETAY ET AL., J. FLUID MECH., vol. 194, 1988, pages 3009 - 331 |
| M. ZIAEI-MOAYYED ET AL., J. CHEM. EDU., vol. 77, 2000, pages 1520 |
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