WO2016070416A1 - Polypropylene composition with improved scratch resistance, balanced impact strength and stiffness - Google Patents
Polypropylene composition with improved scratch resistance, balanced impact strength and stiffness Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016070416A1 WO2016070416A1 PCT/CN2014/090608 CN2014090608W WO2016070416A1 WO 2016070416 A1 WO2016070416 A1 WO 2016070416A1 CN 2014090608 W CN2014090608 W CN 2014090608W WO 2016070416 A1 WO2016070416 A1 WO 2016070416A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F10/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F10/06—Propene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0807—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing more than three carbon atoms
- C08L23/0815—Copolymers of ethene with aliphatic 1-olefins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/14—Copolymers of propene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/16—Elastomeric ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers, e.g. EPR and EPDM rubbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/02—Heterophasic composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
- C08L2207/062—HDPE
Definitions
- the present invention is directed at a polypropylene composition with improved scratch resistance and balanced impact strength and stiffness.
- Polypropylene is nowadays the polymer of choice for many applications as it can be tailored to specific purposes needed.
- Polypropylene is applied in the automobile industry for automobile parts like dash boards, door panels, door claddings, and trims.
- heterophasic propylenes are widely used as they combine good stiffness with reasonable impact behavior.
- Heterophasic polypropylenes contain a polypropylene matrix being either a propylene homopolymer or a random propylene copolymer in which an amorphous phase is dispersed.
- the amorphous phase typically contains a propylene copolymer rubber, like an ethylene propylene rubber or an ethylene propylene diene monomer polymer.
- polypropylene matrix contains (finely) dispersed inclusions being not part of the matrix and said inclusions contain the propylene copolymer rubber.
- inclusion indicates that the matrix and the inclusion form different phases within the heterophasic propylene, said inclusions are for instance visible by high resolution microscopy, like electron microscopy or scanning force microscopy.
- Automotive parts like dashboards, door panels, door claddings and trims are commonly made from heterophasic propylenes based resins. It is desirable to maintain the high-quality perception of the automobile parts as long as possible. Therefore the polymer should provide a high resistance to scratches.
- heterophasic polypropylenes often exhibit a low surface hardness and are prone to scratches. In trying to antagonize this drawback various additives are included which usually results in reduced impact strength and stiffness.
- the present invention is directed at a polypropylene composition (PP) comprising:
- HPP-2 propylene homopolymer having a melt flow rate MFR 2 (230°C, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 of less than 38 g/10 min, preferably less than 35 g/10 min, more preferably less than 20 g/10 min, even more preferably less than 10 g/10 min, like in the range of 5 to 38 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 5 to 30 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 5 to 20 g/10 min, even more preferably in the range of 5 to 10 g/10 min,
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- MFR 2 melt flow rate measured according to ISO 1133 in the range of 1 to 50 g/10min, preferably in the range of 1 to 20 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 3 to 10 g/10 min, and
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the polypropylene composition comprises:
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) has a propylene content of at least 50 wt. -%, preferably at least 60 wt. -%.
- PP polypropylene composition
- EPC elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) has an ethylene content of at least 50 wt. -%.
- PP polypropylene composition
- EEC elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) having a melt flow rate MFR 2 (230°C, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 of at least 10 g/10 min, preferably at least 15 g/10 min, like in the range of 10 to 50 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 15 to 50 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 15 to 25 g/10 min.
- PP polypropylene composition
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) having a crystallization temperature (Tc) determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to ISO 11357-3 in the range of 105 to 150°C, preferably in the range of 120 to 140°C, more preferably in the range of 125 to 135°C.
- Tc crystallization temperature
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the polypropylene (PP-1) forms a matrix phase of a heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) in which the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) is dispersed.
- PP polypropylene composition
- HECO heterophasic propylene copolymer
- EPC elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) has a xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction measured according to ISO 16152 (25°C) in the range of 10.0 to 40.0 wt. -%, preferably in the range of 10.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 15.0 to 25.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
- XCS xylene cold soluble
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) has a comonomer content in the range of 1.0 to 20.0 wt. %, preferably in the range of 3.0 to 15.0 wt, -%, more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 10.0 wt. -%based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) has an intrinsic viscosity (IV) in the range of 2.0 to 3.5, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 3.0, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 2.5 dl/g.
- PP polypropylene composition
- XCS xylene cold soluble
- HECO heterophasic propylene copolymer
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the propylene copolymer (HECO) has a melt flow rate MFR 2 (230°C, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 of at least 31 g/10 min, like in the range of 31 to 100 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 35 to 80 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 35 to 55 g/10 min.
- MFR 2 230°C, 2, 16 kg
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the polypropylene (PP-1) is a propylene homopolymer.
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the high density polyethylene (HDPE) has a density in the range of 0.940 to 0.970 g/cm 3 , preferably 0.954 to 0.962 g/cm 3 .
- PP polypropylene composition
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) has a melt flow rate MFR 2 (190°C, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 in the range of 0.5 to 15.0 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10.0 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 g/10 min.
- MFR 2 190°C, 2, 16 kg
- the present invention is directed at an article comprising the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the article, wherein the article is an automotive article, preferably an automotive interior article.
- the present invention is directed at the use of the polypropylene composition (PP) for the production of the article, preferably the automotive article, more preferably the automotive interior article.
- PP polypropylene composition
- the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention exhibits a significantly improved scratch resistance while retaining balanced stiffness and impact strength.
- inventive polypropylene composition PP
- inventive polypropylene composition PP
- the embodiments are interrelated and supplement the polypropylene composition (PP) alone or in combination.
- preferred embodiments or technical details of the inventive polypropylene composition (PP) it is to be understood that these preferred embodiments or technical details also refer to the inventive article comprising the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- the polypropylene (PP-1) is the polypropylene (PP-1)
- the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention comprises a polypropylene (PP-1) as an essential component.
- the polypropylene (PP-1) is not a heterophasic polymer, i.e. a system comprising a crystalline matrix phase in which an elastomeric phase is dispersed. To the contrary, the polypropylene (PP-1) might form the matrix in a heterophasic system. Accordingly, it is preferred that the propylene (PP-1) is monophasic, i.e. in DMTA no multiphase structure can be identified as there exists just one glass transition temperature.
- the polypropylene (PP-1) has a rather high melt flow rate. Accordingly, it is preferred that the polypropylene (PP-1) has a melt flow rate MFR 2 (230°C, 2.16 kg) of at least 50 g/10 min, preferably at least 70 g/10 min, more preferably of at least 80 g/10 min, even more preferably of at least 90 g/10 min, like in the range of 50 to 250 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 70 to 160 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 80 to 140 g/10 min, even more preferably in the range of 85 to 130 g/10 min and yet even more preferably in the range of 90 to 120 g/10 min.
- MFR 2 melt flow rate
- the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the polypropylene (PP-1) is rather low. Accordingly, the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the polypropylene (PP-1) is preferably of from 0.5 to 5.0 wt. -%, more preferably from 1.0 to 4.0 wt. -%, even more preferably from 1.5 to 3.5 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene (PP-1) . For example, the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the polypropylene (PP-1) is from 1.5 to 3.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene (PP-1) .
- the polypropylene (PP-1) is preferably a propylene homopolymer.
- propylene homopolymer used in the present invention relates to a polypropylene that consists substantially, i.e. of more than 99.7 wt. -%, still more preferably of at least 99.8 wt. -%, of propylene units. In a preferred embodiment only propylene units in the propylene homopolymer are detectable.
- the polypropylene composition (PP) comprises the polypropylene (PP-1) in an amount of at least 25.0 wt. -%, preferably at least 28.0 wt. -%, like in the range of 25.0 to 44.0 wt. -%or 25.0 to 43.0 wt. -%, preferably in the range of 28.0 to 43.0 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 32.0 to 43.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- a further essential component of the polypropylene composition (PP) is the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) .
- the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) is not a heterophasic polymer, however, might form the rubber phase of a heterophasic system.
- the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) according to this invention comprises units derivable from propylene and ethylene only.
- the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) has a propylene content of at least 50 wt. -%, preferably of at least 55 wt. -%, more preferably of at least 60 wt. -%, based on the weight of the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) . It is appreciated that the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) has a propylene content in the range of 50 to 70 wt. -%, preferably in the range of 55 to 70 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 60 to 70 wt. -%, based on the weight of the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) . The remaining part is ethylene.
- the polypropylene composition (PP) comprises the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) in an amount of at least 1.0 wt. %, preferably at least 5.0 wt. -%, more preferably at least 6.0 wt. -%, like in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, preferably in the range of 5.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 6.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, based on the weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- EPC elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer
- the polypropylene (PP-1) and the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) may be added to the polypropylene composition (PP) in form of a heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
- the polypropylene (PP-1) defined above constitutes the matrix of a heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) in which the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) is dispersed.
- heterophasic propylene copolymer is added to the polypropylene composition (PP) to ensure a high flowability and stiffness.
- heteroophasic indicates that an elastomeric propylene copolymer is (finely) dispersed in a polypropylene matrix.
- the elastomeric propylene copolymer forms inclusions in the matrix formed by the polypropylene.
- the matrix contains (finely) dispersed inclusions being not part of the matrix and said inclusions contain the elastomeric propylene copolymer.
- inclusion′′ shall preferably indicate that the matrix and the inclusions form different phases within the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) , said inclusions are for instance visible by high resolution microscopy, like electron microscopy or scanning force microscopy.
- HECO heterophasic propylene copolymer
- the amount of polypropylene (PP-1) in the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is preferably at least 70 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 70 to 90 wt. -%, even more preferably in the range of 75 to 88 wt. -%, yet even more preferably in the range of 75 to 85 wt. -%.
- the remaining part of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) constitutes the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) .
- heterophasic propylene copolymer is present in the polypropylene composition (PP) in an amount of at least 30.0 wt. -%, preferably in an amount of at least 35.0 wt. -%, even more preferably in an amount of at least 45 wt. -% based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- Preferred amounts are in the range of 30.0 to 53.0 wt. -%, more preferred amounts are in the range of from 35.0 to 53.0 wt. -%, even more preferred amounts are in the range of from 45.0 to 53.0 wt. -%, yet even more preferred amounts are in the range of from 45.0 to 52.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) being part of the polypropylene composition (PP) has a melt flow rate MFR 2 (230°C, 2, 16 kg) of at least 31 g/10 min, like in the range of 31 to 100 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 35 to 80 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 35 to 55 g/10 min.
- the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) being part of the polypropylene composition (PP) has a melt flow rate MFR 2 (230°C, 2.16 kg) in the range of 32 to 40 g/10 min.
- the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) being part of the polypropylene composition (PP) preferably has a comonomer content, preferably an ethylene content, of ⁇ 1.0 wt. -%, more preferably ⁇ 3.0 wt. -%, even more preferably ⁇ 5.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
- the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) being part of the polypropylene composition (PP) preferably has a comonomer content, preferably an ethylene content, of ⁇ 20.0 wt.
- heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) being part of the polypropylene composition (PP) preferably has a comonomer content, preferably an ethylene content in the range of range of 1.0 to 20.0 wt. %, preferably in the range of 3.0 to 15.0 wt, -%, more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
- a parameter frequently used to determine the amount of elastomeric and/or amorphous components within a polymer composition is the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction.
- the amount of the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction corresponds to the amount of elastomeric polymer (s) , i.e. rubber, and the amount of those polymer chains of the matrix with low molecular weight and low stereo regularity, being present in the heterophasic polymer composition.
- the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) being part of the polypropylene composition (PP) (25°C) is preferably in the range of 10.0 to 40.0 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 10.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, even more preferably from 15.0 to 25.0 wt. -%, yet even more preferably in the arrange of 16.0 to 22.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
- a polypropylene composition is appreciated, wherein the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) has an intrinsic viscosity (IV) in the range of 1.0 to 5.0, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 3.5 dl/g, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 dl/g, even more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 2.5 dl/g.
- XCS xylene cold soluble
- HECO heterophasic propylene copolymer
- a polypropylene composition is appreciated, wherein the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) has an ethylene content in the range of 15.0 to 50.0 wt. -%, preferably in the range of 20.0 to 45.0 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 25.0 to 42.0 wt. -%, even more preferably in the range of 30.0 to 40.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction.
- XCS xylene cold soluble
- HECO heterophasic propylene copolymer
- heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) as well its individual components can be produced by blending different polymer types, i.e. of different molecular weight and/or comonomer content.
- the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) as well its individual components are produced in a sequential step process, using reactors in serial configuration and operating at different reaction conditions. As a consequence, each fraction prepared in a specific reactor will have its own molecular weight distribution and/or comonomer content distribution.
- the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) according to the present invention is preferably produced in a sequential polymerization process, i.e. in a multistage process, known in the art, wherein the polypropylene (PP-1) is produced at least in one slurry reactor, preferably in a slurry reactor and optionally in a subsequent gas phase reactor, and subsequently the elastomeric propylene copolymer (E-1) is produced at least in one, i.e. one or two, gas phase reactor (s) .
- PP-1 polypropylene
- E-1 elastomeric propylene copolymer
- heterophasic propylene copolymer is produced in a sequential polymerization process comprising the steps of
- step (d) transferring the polypropylene (PP-1) of step (c) into a third reactor (R3) ,
- step (e) polymerizing in the third reactor (R3) and in the presence of the polypropylene (PP-1) obtained in step (c) propylene and at least one of ethylene and/or C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin and obtaining thereby an elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer fraction (EPC)
- the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer fraction (EPC) is dispersed in the polypropylene (PP-1) and both, i.e. the polypropylene (PP-1) and the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer fraction (EPC) , forms the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO)
- the second polypropylene fraction in the first reactor (R1) the second polypropylene fraction can be produced and in the second reactor (R2) the first polypropylene fraction can be obtained.
- the monomers are flashed out.
- sequential polymerization process indicates that the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is produced in at least two, like three reactors connected in series.
- HECO heterophasic propylene copolymer
- the present process comprises at least a first reactor (R1) and a second reactor (R2) , more preferably a first reactor (R1) , a second reactor (R2) and a third reactor (R3) .
- the term “polymerization reactor” shall indicate that the main polymerization takes place. Thus in case the process consists of four or three polymerization reactors, this definition does not exclude the option that the overall process comprises for instance a pre-polymerization step in a pre-polymerization reactor.
- the term “consist of” is only a closing formulation in view of the main polymerization reactors.
- the first reactor (R1) is preferably a slurry reactor (SR) and can be any continuous or simple stirred batch tank reactor or loop reactor operating in bulk or slurry.
- Bulk means a polymerization in a reaction medium that comprises of at least 60 % (w/w) monomer.
- the slurry reactor (SR) is preferably a (bulk) loop reactor (LR) .
- the second reactor (R2) and the third reactor (R3) are preferably gas phase reactors (GPR) .
- gas phase reactors (GPR) can be any mechanically mixed or fluid bed reactors.
- the gas phase reactors (GPR) comprise a mechanically agitated fluid bed reactor with gas velocities of at least 0.2 m/sec.
- the gas phase reactor is a fluidized bed type reactor preferably with a mechanical stirrer.
- the first reactor (R1) is a slurry reactor (SR) , like a loop reactor (LR)
- the second reactor (R2) and the third reactor (R3) are gas phase reactors (GPR)
- at least three, preferably three polymerization reactors namely a slurry reactor (SR) , like a loop reactor (LR) , a first gas phase reactor (GPR-1) , and a second gas phase reactor (GPR-2) connected in series are used. If needed prior to the slurry reactor (SR) a pre-polymerization reactor is placed.
- a preferred multistage process is a “loop-gas phase” -process, such as developed by Borealis A/S, Denmark (known as technology) described e.g. in patent literature, such as in EP 0 887 379, WO 92/12182, WO 2004/000899, WO 2004/111095, WO 99/24478, WO 99/24479 or in WO 00/68315.
- a further suitable slurry-gas phase process is the process of Basell.
- step (a) the conditions for the first reactor (R1) , i.e. the slurry reactor (SR) , like a loop reactor (LR) , of step (a) may be as follows:
- the temperature is within the range of 50°Cto 110°C, preferably between 60°Cand 100°C, more preferably between 68 and 95°C,
- the pressure is within the range of 20 bar to 80 bar, preferably between 40 bar to 70 bar,
- -hydrogen can be added for controlling the molar mass in a manner known per se.
- step (c) the reaction mixture from step (a) is transferred to the second reactor (R2) , i.e. gas phase reactor (GPR-1) , i.e. to step (c) , whereby the conditions in step (c) are preferably as follows:
- the temperature is within the range of 50°Cto 130°C, preferably between 60°Cand 100°C,
- the pressure is within the range of 5 bar to 50 bar, preferably between 15 bar to 35 bar,
- the condition in the third reactor (R3) is similar to the second reactor (R2) .
- the residence time can vary in the three reactor zones.
- the residence time in bulk reactor e.g. loop is in the range 0.1 to 2.5 hours, e.g. 0.15 to 1.5 hours and the residence time in gas phase reactor will generally be 0.2 to 6.0 hours, like 0.5 to 4.0 hours.
- the polymerization may be effected in a known manner under supercritical conditions in the first reactor (R1) , i.e. in the slurry reactor (SR) , like in the loop reactor (LR) , and/or as a condensed mode in the gas phase reactors (GPR) .
- R1 first reactor
- SR slurry reactor
- LR loop reactor
- GPR gas phase reactors
- the process comprises also a prepolymerization with the catalyst system, as described in detail below, comprising a Ziegler-Natta procatalyst, an external donor and optionally a cocatalyst.
- the catalyst system as described in detail below, comprising a Ziegler-Natta procatalyst, an external donor and optionally a cocatalyst.
- the prepolymerization is conducted as bulk slurry polymerization in liquid propylene, i.e. the liquid phase mainly comprises propylene, with minor amount of other reactants and optionally inert components dissolved therein.
- the prepolymerization reaction is typically conducted at a temperature of 10 to 60°C, preferably from 15 to 50°C, more preferably from 20 to 45°C.
- the pressure in the prepolymerization reactor is not critical but must be sufficiently high to maintain the reaction mixture in liquid phase.
- the pressure may be from 20 to 100 bar, for example 30 to 70 bar.
- the catalyst components are preferably all introduced to the prepolymerization step.
- the solid catalyst component (i) and the cocatalyst (ii) can be fed separately it is possible that only a part of the cocatalyst is introduced into the prepolymerization stage and the remaining part into subsequent polymerization stages. Also in such cases it is necessary to introduce so much cocatalyst into the prepolymerization stage that a sufficient polymerization reaction is obtained therein.
- hydrogen may be added into the prepolymerization stage to control the molecular weight of the prepolymer as is known in the art.
- antistatic additive may be used to prevent the particles from adhering to each other or to the walls of the reactor.
- heterophasic propylene copolymer is obtained by a multistage polymerization process, as described above, in the presence of a catalyst system comprising as component (i) a Ziegler-Natta procatalyst which contains a trans-esterification product of a lower alcohol and a phthalic ester.
- the procatalyst used according to the invention for preparing the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is prepared by
- R 1’ a nd R 2’ a re independently at least a C 5 alkyl under conditions where a transesterification between said C 1 to C 2 alcohol and said dialkylphthalate of formula (I) takes place to form the internal donor
- step c) optionally reacting the product of step c) with additional TiCl 4 .
- the procatalyst is produced as defined for example in the patent applications WO 87/07620, WO 92/19653, WO 92/19658 and EP 0 491 566. The content of these documents is herein included by reference.
- the adduct which is first melted and then spray crystallized or emulsion solidified, is used as catalyst carrier.
- dialkylphthalate of formula (I) selected from the group consisting of propylhexylphthalate (PrHP) , dioctylphthalate (DOP) , di-iso-decylphthalate (DIDP) , and ditridecylphthalate (DTDP) , yet more preferably the dialkylphthalate of formula (I) is a dioctylphthalate (DOP) , like di-iso-octylphthalate or diethylhexylphthalate, in particular diethylhexylphthalate,
- R 1 and R 2 being methyl or ethyl, preferably ethyl
- dialkylphthalat of formula (II) being the internal donor
- the adduct of the formula MgCl 2 *nROH, wherein R is methyl or ethyl and n is 1 to 6, is in a preferred embodiment melted and then the melt is preferably injected by a gas into a cooled solvent or a cooled gas, whereby the adduct is crystallized into a morphologically advantageous form, as for example described in WO 87/07620.
- This crystallized adduct is preferably used as the catalyst carrier and reacted to the procatalyst useful in the present invention as described in WO 92/19658 and WO 92/19653.
- the procatalyst used according to the present invention contains 2.5 wt. -%of titanium at the most, preferably 2.2%wt. -%at the most, more preferably 2.0 wt. -%at the most.
- Its donor content is preferably between 4 to 12 wt. -%, more preferably between 6 and 10 wt. -%.
- the procatalyst used according to the present invention has been produced by using ethanol as the alcohol and dioctylphthalate (DOP) as dialkylphthalate of formula (I) , yielding diethyl phthalate (DEP) as the internal donor compound.
- DOP dioctylphthalate
- DEP diethyl phthalate
- the catalyst used according to the present invention is the catalyst as described in the example section; especially with the use of dioctylphthalate as dialkylphthalate of formula (I) .
- the catalyst system used preferably comprises in addition to the special Ziegler-Natta procatalyst an organometallic cocatalyst as component (ii) .
- the cocatalyst from the group consisting of trialkylaluminium, like triethylaluminium (TEA) , dialkyl aluminium chloride and alkyl aluminium sesquichloride.
- TAA triethylaluminium
- dialkyl aluminium chloride dialkyl aluminium sesquichloride.
- Component (iii) of the catalysts system used is an external donor represented by formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) .
- Formula (IIIa) is defined by
- R 5 represents a branched-alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably a branched-alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or a cyclo-alkyl having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably a cyclo-alkyl having 5 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R 5 is selected from the group consisting of iso-propyl, iso-butyl, iso-pentyl, tert. -butyl, tert. -amyl, neopentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclopentyl and cycloheptyl.
- R x and R y can be the same or different a represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R x and R y are independently selected from the group consisting of linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. It is in particular preferred that Rx and Ry are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, octyl, decanyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, iso-pentyl, tert. -butyl, tert. -amyl, neopentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclopentyl and cycloheptyl.
- both R x and R y are the same, yet more preferably both R x and R y are an ethyl group.
- the external donor is of formula (IIIa) , like dicyclopentyl dimethoxy silane [Si(OCH 3 ) 2 (cyclo-pentyl) 2 ] or diisopropyl dimethoxy silane [Si (OCH 3 ) 2 (CH (CH 3 ) 2 ) 2 ] .
- the external donor of formula (IIIb) is diethylaminotriethoxysilane.
- heterophasic propylene copolymer is the only heterophasic polymer which is used in the propylene composition (PP) . That is that the propylene composition (PP) especially does not contain a further heterophasic propylene copolymer which comprises a polypropylene acting as a matrix and an elastomeric propylene copolymer being dispersed in said matrix.
- Another essential component of the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention is a propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) .
- the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is added to the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention to improve the stiffness and the scratch resistance.
- the polypropylene composition (PP) comprises the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) in an amount of 1.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, preferably 1.0 to 20.0 wt. -%, more preferably in an amount of 5.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, even more preferably in an amount of 8.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is not a heterophasic polymer, i.e. a system comprising a crystalline matrix phase in which an elastomeric phase is dispersed. Accordingly, it is preferred that the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is monophasic, i.e. in DMTA no multiphase structure can be identified as there exists just one glass transition temperature.
- the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) preferably has a melting temperature (T m ) of at least 150°C, preferably of at least 160°C, more preferably of at least 165°C, like in the range of 150 to 200°C, preferably in the range of 160 to 180°C, even more preferably in the range of 160 to 175°C.
- T m melting temperature
- the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) has a melt flow rate MFR 2 (230°C) of less than 38, preferably of less than 35 g/10 min, more preferably of less than 30 g/10 min, even more preferably of less than 20 g/10min, yet even more preferably of less than 10 g/10 min, like in the range of 5 to 38 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 5 to 30 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 5 to 20 g/10 min, even more preferably in the range of 5 to 10 g/10 min.
- the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is chemical different from the polypropylene (HPP-1) , in particular it is preferred that the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) has a lower MFR 2 (230 °C) than the polypropylene (HPP-1) . It is preferred that the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) has a melt flow rate MFR 2 (230°C) which at least 20 g/10 min lower, more preferably at least 40 g/10 min lower, even more preferably at least 60 g/10 min lower, yet even more preferably at least 80 g/10 min lower than the propylene homopolymer (HPP-1) , of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
- MFR 2 230°C
- the propylene homopolymer has a flexural modulus of at least 1,850 MPa, preferably at least 2,000 MPa, like in the range of 1,650 to 2,200 MPa, preferably in the range of 1850 to 2200MPa, more preferably in the range of 1950 to 2150 MPa.
- the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is known in the art and for instance available from Borealis AG.
- propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) and the polypropylene (PP-1) are the only propylene homopolymers which are used in the propylene composition (PP) .
- Elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer EEC
- the instant polypropylene composition (PP) comprises an elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) .
- EEC elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer
- the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) is added to the polypropylene composition (PP) for good dimension stability and good impact properties.
- the polypropylene composition (PP) comprises the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) in an amount 1.0 to 20.0 wt. -%, preferably in an amount of 5.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, more preferably in an amount of 8.0 to 12.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- EEC elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer
- the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer has a rather low melt flow rate MFR 2 (190°C, 2, 16 kg) , like in the range of 0.5 to 15.0 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10.0 g/10min, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 g/10 min, even more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 g /10 min.
- the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer has a density in the range of from 0.820 to 0.940 g/cm 3 , preferably in the range of from 0.830 to 0.920 g/cm 3 , more preferably in the range of from 0.850 to 0.900 g/cm 3 .
- the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) differs at least from the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) in comonomer type and/or ethylene content. Accordingly it is preferred that the ethylene content in the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) is higher than in the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) .
- the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer comprises at least 50.0 wt. -%units derived from ethylene, preferably at least 55.0 wt. -%units derived from ethylene, more preferably at least 60.0 wt. -%of units derived from ethylene, like in the range of more than 50.0 to 80.0 wt. -%of units derived from ethylene, preferably in the range of from 55.0 to 80.0 wt. -%of units derived from ethylene, more preferably 60.0 to 80.0 wt. -%of units derived from ethylene.
- the comonomers present in the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) are C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefins, like 1-butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene, the latter especially preferred. Accordingly in one specific embodiment the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) is an ethylene-1-octene copolymer with the amounts described above.
- the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer is known in the art and belongs in a preferred embodiment to the Exact and Engage series, respectively.
- the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) preferably is also dispersed in the matrix, i.e. in the polypropylene (PP-1) , by compounding.
- the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) is the only elastomeric ethylene copolymer which is used in the propylene composition (PP) . That is that the propylene composition (PP) especially does not contain a further elastomeric ethylene copolymer besides the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) . However, this does not exclude the presence of the elastomeric propylene copolymer (EPC) .
- the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) and the elastomeric propylene copolymer (EPC) are two individual compounds of the polypropylene composition (PP) and it is appreciated that the propylene composition (PP) does not contain a further elastomeric ethylene copolymer.
- HDPE High Density Polyethylene
- the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention comprises high density polyethylene (HDPE) .
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- the high density polyethylene (HDPE) is added to the polypropylene composition (PP) to improve the scratch resistance.
- a high density polyethylene (HDPE) in the sense of the present invention has a density of at least 0.940 g/cm 3 , preferably at least 0.950 g/cm 3 , like in the range of 0.940 to 0.970 g/cm 3 , preferably in the range of 0.954 to 0.962 g/cm 3 .
- the polypropylene composition (PP) comprises the high density polyethylene in an amount of at least 1.0 wt. -%, preferably in an amount of at least 3.0 wt. -%, even more preferably in an amount of at least 5.0 wt. -%, like in the range of 1.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, preferably in the range of 1.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, even more preferably in the range of 3.0 to 10.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- the high density polyethylene has a melt flow rate MFR 2 (190°C, 2, 16 kg) in the range of 1 to 50 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 1 to 20 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 1 to 15 g/10 min, even more preferably in the range of 3 to 10 g/10 min.
- MFR 2 melt flow rate
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- the high density polyethylene (HDPE) according to this invention is known in the art and for instance available as HDPE 5070 from Panjin Petrochemical Corporation, Liaoning, China.
- the high density polyethylene (HDPE) is the only high density polyethylene which is used in the propylene composition (PP) . That is that the propylene composition (PP) especially does not contain a further high density polyethylene besides the high density polyethylene (HDPE) .
- the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention comprises inorganic filler (F) .
- the inorganic filler is added to the polypropylene composition according to the present invention for a high stiffness.
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention comprises the inorganic filler (F) in an amount of at least 10.0 wt. -%, preferably at least 18.0 wt. -%, even more preferably at least 20.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- the amount of inorganic filler (F) in the polypropylene composition should not exceed certain limits and it is preferred that the inorganic filler (F) is present in an amount of less than 50.0 wt. -%, preferably less than 30.0 wt. -%, even more preferably less than 25 wt.
- the amount of inorganic filler (F) in the polypropylene composition (PP) is in the range of 10.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, preferably in the range of 18.0 to 25.0 wt. -%even more preferably in the range of 20.0 to 25.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- the inorganic filler (F) is mica, wollastonite, kaolinite, smectite, calcium carbonate, montmorillonite, talc, phyllosilicate or a mixture thereof.
- the most preferred inorganic filler (F) is talc.
- the inorganic filler (F) preferably has a median particle size d 50 calculated from the particle size distribution in mass percent and measured by sedimentation analysis in the range of 0.2 to 20.0 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 0.3 to 15.0 ⁇ m, yet more preferably in the range of 0.4 to 10.0 ⁇ m, still more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 ⁇ m.
- the most preferred median particle size d 50 is in the range of 0.65 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the inorganic filler (F) preferably has a cutoff particle size d 95 calculated from the particle size distribution in mass percent and measured by sedimentation analysis of 1.0 to 30.0 ⁇ m, more preferably of 1.0 to 20.0 ⁇ m and most preferably of 1.0 to 10.0 ⁇ m.
- the inorganic filler (F) has a specific surface area BET, measured according to ISO 9277, in the range from 1.0 to 50.0 m 2 /g, preferably in the range from 5.0 to 40.0 m 2 /g, more preferably in the range from 5.0 to 30.0 m 2 /g, even more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 20.0 m 2 /g.
- the polypropylene composition (PP) may further (optionally) comprise at least one typical additive selected from the group consisting of acid scavengers, antioxidants, colorants, pigments, light stabilizers, UV-stabilizers, slip agents, dispersing agents, carriers and colorants.
- the amount of these additives shall not exceed 10.0 wt. -%, preferably not more than 7.0 wt. -%, more preferably not more than 5.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- At least one antioxidant (AO) is present in the polypropylene composition (PP) in an amount of 0.01 to 5.00 wt. -%, preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 3.00 wt. -%, even more preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- At least one UV-stabilizer (UV) is present in the polypropylene composition (PP) in an amount of 0.01 to 5.00 wt. -%, preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 3.00 wt. -%, even more preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention is preferably featured by a specific melt flow rate. Accordingly in a preferred embodiment the polypropylene composition (PP) according to this invention has a melt flow rate MFR 2 (230°C, 2.16 kg) of at least 10 g/10 min, preferably at least 15 g/10 min, like in the range of 10 to 50 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 15 to 50 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 15 to 25 g/10 min.
- MFR 2 230°C, 2.16 kg
- the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention has a flexural modulus of at least 1,850 MPa, preferably at least 1,980 MPa.
- the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention has a crystallization temperature (Tc) in the range of 105 to 150°C, preferably in the range of 120 to 140°C, more preferably in the range of 125 to 135°C.
- the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention due to the unique combination of its individual components has increased scratch resistance while maintaining balanced mechanical properties.
- polypropylene composition (PP) comprises:
- the scratch resistance properties of polypropylene compositions can be improved while maintaining a balanced impact strength and stiffness by providing at least two different polypropylenes which differ from each other in their melt flow rate.
- the polypropylene composition (PP) comprises a polypropylene (PP-1) and a propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) , wherein thepropylene (PP-1) differs from the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) in the melt flow rate.
- polypropylene composition (PP) comprises a polypropylene (PP-1) and a propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) , wherein the polypropylene (PP-1) has a higher melt flow rate than the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2)
- the polypropylene (PP-1) and the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) fulfill together the inequation (Ia) , preferably inequation (Ib) , even more preferably inequation (Ic) , yet more preferably inequation (Id)
- MFR (PP-1) is the melt flow rate MFR 2 (230°C) [g/10 min] of the polypropylene (PP-1)
- MFR (HPP-2) is the melt flow rate MFR 2 (230°C) [g/10 min] of the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) .
- the final composition is probably of a complex structure.
- the polypropylene (PP-1) together with the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) may form a continuous phase being the matrix of the composition wherein the elastomeric copolymers (EPC) and (EEC) and optional additives form together or individually inclusions dispersed therein.
- EPC elastomeric copolymers
- EEC elastomeric copolymers
- the polypropylene composition (PP) does not comprise high melt strength polypropylene (HMS-PP) .
- high melt strength polypropylene indicates a polymer type that is characterized by a certain degree of branching.
- Possible high melt strength polypropylenes (HMS-PP) are so called Y/H-polypropylenes and for instance described in EP 0 787 750, i.e. single branched polypropylene types (Y polypropylenes having a backbone with a single long side-chain and an architecture resembles a “Y” ) and polypropylene types in which polymer chains are coupled with a bridging group (an architecture resembles a “H” ) .
- Such polypropylenes are characterized by rather high melt strength.
- the polypropylene composition (PP) does not comprise further polymers to those defined in the present invention, i.e. the polypropylene (PP-1) , the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) , the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) , the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) , the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) and the high density polyethylene (HDPE) , in amounts above 5 wt. -%, preferably in amounts above 3 wt. -%.
- the polypropylene composition (PP) does not comprise further polymers to those defined in the present invention.
- the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention contains preferably an ⁇ -nucleating agent. Even more preferred the present invention is free of ⁇ -nucleating agents.
- the nucleating agent is understood as a nucleating agent different to the inorganic filler (F) . Accordingly, the nucleating agent is preferably selected from the group consisting of
- dibenzylidenesorbitol e.g. 1,3 : 2, 4 dibenzylidenesorbitol
- C 1 -C 8 -alkyl-substituted dibenzylidenesorbitol derivatives such as methyldibenzylidenesorbitol, ethyldibenzylidenesorbitol or dimethyldibenzylidenesorbitol (e.g.
- the ⁇ -nucleating agent is part of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) thus of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- the ⁇ -nucleating agent content of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) and thus of the polypropylene composition (PP) is preferably up to 5.0 wt. -%.
- the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) and thus the polypropylene composition (PP) contain (s) not more than 3,000 ppm, more preferably of 1 to 2,000 ppm of a ⁇ -nucleating agent, in particular selected from the group consisting of dibenzylidenesorbitol (e.g. 1, 3 : 2, 4 dibenzylidene sorbitol) , dibenzylidenesorbitol derivative, preferably dimethyldibenzylidenesorbitol (e.g.
- 1, 3 2, 4 di (methylbenzylidene) sorbitol) , or substituted nonitol-derivatives, such as 1, 2, 3, -trideoxy-4, 6: 5, 7-bis-O- [ (4-propylphenyl) methylene] -nonitol, vinylcycloalkane polymer, vinylalkane polymer, and mixtures thereof.
- the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) and thus the polypropylene composition (PP) contains a vinylcycloalkane, like vinylcyclohexane (VCH) , polymer and/or vinylalkane polymer, as the ⁇ -nucleating agent.
- the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) contains a vinylcycloalkane, like vinylcyclohexane (VCH) , polymer and/or vinylalkane polymer, preferably vinylcyclohexane (VCH) .
- the vinylcycloalkane is vinylcyclohexane (VCH) polymer which is optionally introduced into the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) and thus into the polypropylene composition (PP) by the BNT technology.
- the amount of vinylcycloalkane, like vinylcyclohexane (VCH) , polymer and/or vinylalkane polymer, more preferably of vinylcyclohexane (VCH) polymer, in the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is not more than 500 ppm, more preferably of 0.5 to 200 ppm, most preferably 1 to 100 ppm, .
- the polypropylene composition (PP) contains not more than 500 ppm, more preferably of 0.1 to 200 ppm, most preferably 0.2 to 100 ppm, of vinylcyclohexane (VCH) polymer.
- heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is BNT nucleated.
- the ⁇ -nucleating agent is additionally or alternatively part of the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) thus of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- the ⁇ -nucleating agent content of the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) and thus of the polypropylene composition (PP) is preferably up to 5.0 wt. -%.
- the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) and thus the polypropylene composition (PP) contain (s) not more than 3,000 ppm, preferably of 1 to 2,000 ppm of a ⁇ -nucleating agent, in particular selected from the group consisting of dibenzylidenesorbitol (e.g.
- dibenzylidene sorbitol dibenzylidenesorbitol derivative, preferably dimethyldibenzylidenesorbitol (e.g. 1, 3 : 2, 4 di (methylbenzylidene) sorbitol) , or substituted nonitol-derivatives, such as 1, 2, 3, -trideoxy-4, 6: 5, 7-bis-O- [ (4-propylphenyl) methylene] -nonitol, vinylcycloalkane polymer, vinylalkane polymer, and mixtures thereof.
- dimethyldibenzylidenesorbitol e.g. 1, 3 : 2, 4 di (methylbenzylidene) sorbitol
- substituted nonitol-derivatives such as 1, 2, 3, -trideoxy-4, 6: 5, 7-bis-O- [ (4-propylphenyl) methylene] -nonitol, vinylcycloalkane polymer, vinylalkane polymer
- the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) and thus the polypropylene composition (PP) contains a vinylcycloalkane, like vinylcyclohexane (VCH) , polymer and/or vinylalkane polymer, as the ⁇ -nucleating agent.
- the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) contains a vinylcycloalkane, like vinylcyclohexane (VCH) , polymer and/or vinylalkane polymer, preferably vinylcyclohexane (VCH) .
- the vinylcycloalkane is vinylcyclohexane (VCH) polymer which is optionally introduced into the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) and thus into the polypropylene composition (PP) by the BNT technology.
- the amount of vinylcycloalkane, like vinylcyclohexane (VCH) , polymer and/or vinylalkane polymer, more preferably of vinylcyclohexane (VCH) polymer, in the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is not more than 500 ppm, more preferably of 0.5 to 200 ppm, most preferably 1 to 100 ppm. Accordingly it is thus preferred that the polypropylene composition (PP) contains not more than 500 ppm, more preferably of 0.1 to 200 ppm, most preferably 0.2 to 100 ppm, of vinylcyclohexane (VCH) polymer.
- propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is BNT nucleated.
- a catalyst system preferably a Ziegler-Natta procatalyst
- a vinyl compound in the presence of the catalyst system, comprising in particular the special Ziegler-Natta procatalyst, an external donor and a cocatalyst, which vinyl compound has the formula:
- R 3 and R 4 together form a 5-or 6-membered saturated, unsaturated or aromatic ring or independently represent an alkyl group comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- the modified catalyst is used for the preparation of the heterophasic polypropylene according to this invention, i.e. of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
- the polymerized vinyl compound acts as an ⁇ -nucleating agent.
- the weight ratio of vinyl compound to solid catalyst component in the modification step of the catalyst is preferably of up to 5 (5: 1) , preferably up to 3 (3: 1) most preferably from 0.5 (1: 2) to 2 (2: 1) .
- the most preferred vinyl compound is vinylcyclohexane (VCH) .
- Another aspect of the present invention is directed at the process for preparing the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention comprising the following process steps:
- the term′′blending′′ refers according to the present invention to the action of providing a blend out of at least two different materials, e.g. PP-1 and EPC (or the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) ) , the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) , the elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) , the inorganic filler (F) , the antioxidants (AO) , the UV-stabilizers and optionally further additives.
- PP-1 and EPC or the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO)
- HPP-2 propylene homopolymer
- EEC elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer
- F inorganic filler
- AO antioxidants
- UV-stabilizers optionally further additives.
- a conventional compounding or blending apparatus e.g. a Banbury mixer, a 2-roll rubber mill, Buss-co-kneader or a twin screw extruder may be used.
- the polymer materials recovered from the extruder/mixer are usually in the form of pellets. These pellets are then preferably further processed, e.g. by injection molding to generate articles and products of the inventive composition.
- the additives are premixed in one or more pre-mixing steps with a polypropylene powder as a carrier for the additives.
- polypropylene powder refers to the polymer directly derived from polymerization without being further processed. It is preferred that base resin of the inventive polypropylene composition (PP) , i.e. the PP-1 or the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) , is applied as the polypropylene powder. It was found that premixing the additives with the polypropylene powder improves the dispersion of the additives in the polypropylene composition compared to feeding the additives in pure form.
- PP polypropylene composition
- HECO heterophasic propylene copolymer
- the present invention is directed at an article comprising the inventive polypropylene composition (PP) .
- the polypropylene composition (PP) of the present invention is used for the production of articles, like articles in the field of household appliances, medical appliances, toy appliances, pipe appliances and automotive appliances, in particularly moulded automotive articles such as injection moulded automotive articles.
- the polypropylene composition (PP) of the present invention is used for the production of automotive articles, in particular automotive interior articles, such as dashboards, or instrument panels.
- the inventive polypropylene composition (PP) can also be applied for the production of automotive exterior articles, like bumpers, side trims, body panels, door panels, spoilers, fender liner, tailgates, and the like.
- the article especially the article as defined in the previous paragraph or in the following paragraphs, comprises the inventive polypropylene composition (PP) in an amount of at least 60.0 wt. -%, more preferably in an amount of at least 80.0 wt. -%and most preferably in an amount of at least 95.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the article.
- the article does not comprise further polymers to those defined in the present invention, i.e.
- PP-1 and EPC or the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO))
- HECO heterophasic propylene copolymer
- HPP-2 propylene homopolymer
- EEC elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- the article consists of the instant polypropylene composition (PP) .
- the article is a moulded article, preferably an injection moulded article.
- Preferred examples of such injection moulded articles are large parts for applications in the automotive or household industry.
- the present invention is directed to automotive articles, especially to automotive interiors and exteriors, like instrument panels, dashboards, body panels, spoilers, fender liner, tailgates and door panels.
- the present invention is especially directed to automotive articles, especially to automotive interiors and exteriors, like instrument panels, dashboards, body panels, spoilers, fender liner, tailgates, door panels and the like, in particular instrument panels, dashboards, body panels and/or door panels, comprising at least 60.0 wt. -%, more preferably at least 80.0 wt. -%, yet more preferably at least 95.0 wt. -%, like consisting, of the instant polypropylene composition (PP) .
- PP polypropylene composition
- the present invention is directed at the use of the inventive polypropylene composition (PP) for the production of article as described above, preferably for the production of an automotive article as described above.
- PP polypropylene composition
- the present invention is in particular directed to the use of the polypropylene composition (PP) to the preparation of the article selected from the group consisting of household articles, medical articles, toy articles, pipe articles and automotive articles, in particularly moulded automotive articles such as injection moulded automotive articles.
- PP polypropylene composition
- NMR nuclear-magnetic resonance
- Quantitative 13 C ⁇ 1 H ⁇ NMR spectra were processed, integrated and relevant quantitative properties determined from the integrals using proprietary computer programs.
- the tacticity distribution was quantified through integration of the methyl region between 23.6-19.7 ppm correcting for any sites not related to the stereo sequences of interest (Busico, V. , Cipullo, R. , Prog. Polym. Sci. 26 (2001) 443; Busico, V. , Cipullo, R. , Monaco, G. , Vacatello, M. , Segre, A. L. , Macromolecules 30 (1997) 6251) .
- the amount of 2, 1 erythro regio-defects was quantified using the average integral of the two characteristic methyl sites at 17.7 and 17.2 ppm:
- the amount of 1, 2 primary inserted propene was quantified based on the methyl region with correction undertaken for sites included in this region not related to primary insertion and for primary insertion sites excluded from this region:
- the total amount of propene was quantified as the sum of primary inserted propene and all other present regio-defects:
- the comonomer fraction was quantified using the method of W-J. Wang and S. Zhu, Macromolecules 2000, 33 1157, through integration of multiple signals across the whole spectral region in the 13 C ⁇ 1 H ⁇ spectra. This method was chosen for its robust nature and ability to account for the presence of regio-defects when needed. Integral regions were slightly adjusted to increase applicability across the whole range of encountered comonomer contents.
- the mole percent comonomer incorporation was calculated from the mole fraction.
- the weight percent comonomer incorporation was calculated from the mole fraction.
- T m Melting temperature (T m ) : measured with a TA Instrument Q2000 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on 5 to 7 mg samples. DSC is run according to ISO 11357 /part 3 /method C2 in a heat /cool /heat cycle with a scan rate of 10°C/min in the temperature range of -30 to +225°C. Melting temperature is determined from the second heating step.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- Crystallisation temperature (T c ) measured with a Perkin Elmer DSC 8000 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on 5 to 7 mg samples. DSC is run according to ISO 11357 /part 3 /method C2 in a heat /cool /heat cycle with a scan rate of 10°C/min in the temperature range of -30 to +225°C. Melting temperature is determined from the second heating step.
- Density is measured according to ISO 1183-1 -method A (2004) . Sample preparation is done by compression moulding in accordance with ISO 1872-2: 2007.
- MFR 2 (230°C) is measured according to ISO 1133 (230°C, 2.16 kg load) .
- MFR 2 (190°C) is measured according to ISO 1133 (190°C, 2.16 kg load) .
- the xylene cold solubles (XCS, wt. -%) : Content of xylene cold solubles (XCS) is determined at 25°Caccording to ISO 16152; first edition; 2005-07-01.
- Intrinsic viscosity is measured according to DIN ISO 1628/1, October 1999 (in decalin at 135°C) .
- Flexural Modulus were determined in 3-point-bending according to ISO 178 on injection molded specimens of 80 x 10 x 4 mm prepared in accordance with ISO 294-1: 1996.
- Charpy Notched impact (23°C) is measured according to ISO 179.
- Median particle size d 50 and Cutoff particle size d 95 (sedimentation analysis) is calculated from the particle size distribution [mass percent] as determined by sedimentation analysis according to ISO 13317-3.
- Specific surface area BET is measured according to ISO 9277.
- the scratch resistance (anti-scratch property) was measured according to ISO 7724.
- Spectrophotometer (Spectrophotometer 600 of Data Color Ltd, USA) .
- the luminescence of the cross pattern is measured with a spectrophotometer in the center of the cross pattern and in all corners of the cross pattern to determine the average luminescence value L1.
- the unscratched plate has a luminescence value L0.
- Heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) used for the inventive examples was prepared with one slurry loop reactor and two gas phase reactors by the known technology, as disclosed in EP 0 887 379 A1.
- the Ziegler-Natta catalyst used in the polymerization process of the HECO is the BCF20P catalyst of Borealis, prepared using the BNT nucleation system (Borealis Nucleation Technology) .
- BNT nucleation system Borealis Nucleation Technology
- the catalyst was prepolymerized with vinyl cyclohexane in an amount to achieve a concentration of 200 ppm poly (vinyl cyclohexane) (PVCH) in the final polymer (see EP 1183307 A1) .
- PVCH poly (vinyl cyclohexane)
- TEAL co-catalyst triethyl-aluminium
- D-donor donor dicyclo pentyl dimethoxy silane
- Loop TEAL/Ti [mol/mol] 211 TEAL/D donor [mol/mol] 20.0 Temperature [°C] 85 Pressure [bar] 55 H 2 /C 3 ratio [mol/kmol] 23 MFR 2 (230°C) [g/10 min] 110 XCS [wt. -%] 2.0 Split [wt. -%] 59 GPR 1 Temperature [°C] 85 Pressure [kPa] 24 H 2 /C 3 ratio [mol/kmol] 150 MFR 2 (230°C) [g/10 min] 100 XCS [wt. -%] 2.0 Split [wt.
- IE1 to IE 6 are based on the recipe as summarized in Table 2 and are prepared by using a Coperion STS-35 twin-screw extruder (available from Coperion Corporation, Nanjing, China) with a diameter of 35 mm. It has a L/D of 44.
- Antioxidants and UV stabilizer are premixed with PP powered and loaded into (main) feeder 3 of the extruder, heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) , propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) , e elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer (EEC) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) are loaded into (main) feeder 1, black pigments are loaded into (main) feeder 4 and inorganic fillers (F) are loaded into (side) feeder 2 of the extruder. The compounds are fed into the twin extruder. Subsequently the compounds are heated and blended at a temperature of 165 to 230°C. The mixture obtained is extruded.
- HECO heterophasic propylene copolymer
- HPP-2 propylene homopolymer
- EEC elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 ⁇ -olefin-copolymer
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- HPP-2 is the commercial propylene homopolymer “HD915CF” of Borealis having a MFR 2 of 8 g/10min (230°C/2.16 kg) .
- HDPE is the commercial high density polyethylene “HDPE5070” of Panjin Petrochemical Corporation, Liaoning, China, having a density of 0.985 g/cm 3 and a MFR 2 of 6.0 g/10 min (190°C)
- EEC is the commercial ethylene/octylene copolymer Engage 8100 of Dow Elastomers having MFR 2 of 1.0 g/10min (190°C/2.16 kg) and a density of 0.870 g/cm 3 .
- Stepamic is the commercial talc-based mineral filler “Steamic T1 CA” of Imerys Talc, France, having d 50 of 1.8 ⁇ m, d 95 of 6.2 ⁇ m.
- HTP is the commercial talc based mineral filler “HTP ultra 5” of IMI Fabi Corporation, Italy, having d 50 of 0.65 ⁇ m , d 95 of 2.8 ⁇ m.
- Irganox 1010 is a commercial antioxidant from BASF, China.
- AT-168 is a commercial antioxidant from BASF, China.
- Cyasorb UV 3808 PP5 is a UV stabilizer commercially available from Cytec Chemical, USA.
- Carbonate VRX is a lubricant commercially available from Croda Chemicals Europe Ltd.
- Carbon Black 9595 is a pigment commercially available from Cabot Chemical Co. , Ltd. , Tianjin, China.
- inventive compounding of IE1-IE6 show a greatly reduced ⁇ L compared to the prior material, which means a greatly improved scratch resistance. Meanwhile, the inventive compounding show a greatly improved Flexural Modulus, and balanced stiffness and impact. In addition, the inventive compounding show a higher Tc, which is good for a shorter cycle time in preparation.
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Abstract
Disclosed is a polypropylene composition comprising: (a) a polypropylene (PP-1) having a melt flow rate MFR 2 measured according to ISO 1133 of at least 50g/10 min, (b) a propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) having a melt flow rate MFR 2 measured according to ISO 1133 of less than 38 g/10 min, (c) an elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC), (d) an elastomeric ethylene-C 4 to C 12 a-olefin-copolymer (EEC), (e) a high density polyethylene (HDPE) having a melt flow rate MFR 2 measured according to ISO 1133 in the range of 1 to 50 g/10 min, and (f) an inorganic filler (F). An article comprising the polypropylene composition and the use of it in automotive article are also disclosed.
Description
The present invention is directed at a polypropylene composition with improved scratch resistance and balanced impact strength and stiffness.
Polypropylene is nowadays the polymer of choice for many applications as it can be tailored to specific purposes needed. Polypropylene is applied in the automobile industry for automobile parts like dash boards, door panels, door claddings, and trims. In particular heterophasic propylenes are widely used as they combine good stiffness with reasonable impact behavior. Heterophasic polypropylenes contain a polypropylene matrix being either a propylene homopolymer or a random propylene copolymer in which an amorphous phase is dispersed. The amorphous phase typically contains a propylene copolymer rubber, like an ethylene propylene rubber or an ethylene propylene diene monomer polymer. Thus the polypropylene matrix contains (finely) dispersed inclusions being not part of the matrix and said inclusions contain the propylene copolymer rubber. The term inclusion indicates that the matrix and the inclusion form different phases within the heterophasic propylene, said inclusions are for instance visible by high resolution microscopy, like electron microscopy or scanning force microscopy.
Automotive parts like dashboards, door panels, door claddings and trims are commonly made from heterophasic propylenes based resins. It is desirable to maintain the high-quality perception of the automobile parts as long as possible. Therefore the polymer should provide a high resistance to scratches. However, heterophasic polypropylenes often exhibit a low surface hardness and are prone to scratches. In trying to antagonize this drawback various additives are included which usually results in reduced impact strength and stiffness.
Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a polypropylene composition with improved scratch resistance while maintaining a balanced stiffness and impact strength.
The foregoing and other objectives are solved by the subject-matter of the present invention.
According to one aspect the present invention is directed at a polypropylene composition (PP) comprising:
(a)a polypropylene (PP-1) having a melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 of at least 50 g/10 min, preferably at least 70 g/10 min, more preferably of at least 80 g/10 min, even more preferably of at least 90 g/10 min,
(b)a propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) having a melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 of less than 38 g/10 min, preferably less than 35 g/10 min, more preferably less than 20 g/10 min, even more preferably less than 10 g/10 min, like in the range of 5 to 38 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 5 to 30 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 5 to 20 g/10 min, even more preferably in the range of 5 to 10 g/10 min,
(c)an elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) ,
(d)an elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) ,
(e)a high density polyethylene (HDPE) having a melt flow rate MFR2 (190℃, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 in the range of 1 to 50 g/10min, preferably in the range of 1 to 20 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 3 to 10 g/10 min, and
(f)an inorganic filler (F) .
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the polypropylene composition comprises:
(a)25.0 to 43.0 wt. -%, preferably 28.0 to 43.0 wt. -%, more preferably 32.0 to 43.0 wt. -%of the polypropylene (PP-1) ;
(b)1.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, preferably 1.0 to 20.0 wt. -%, more preferably in an amount of 5.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, even more preferably in an amount of 8.0 to 15.0 wt. -%of the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) ,
(c)1.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, preferably 5.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, more preferably 6.0 to 10.0 wt. -%of the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC)
(d)1.0 to 20.0 wt. -%, preferably 5.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, more preferably 8.0 to 12.0 wt. -%of the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) ,
(e)1.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, preferably 3.0 to 10.0 wt. -%of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) , and
(f)10.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, preferably 18.0 to 25.0 wt. -%more preferably 20.0 to 25.0 wt. -%of the inorganic filler (F) ,
based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) has a propylene content of at least 50 wt. -%, preferably at least 60 wt. -%.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) has an ethylene content of at least 50 wt. -%.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) having a melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 of at least 10 g/10 min, preferably at least 15 g/10 min, like in the range of 10 to 50 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 15 to 50 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 15 to 25 g/10 min.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) having a crystallization temperature (Tc) determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to ISO 11357-3 in the range of 105 to 150℃, preferably in the range of 120 to 140℃, more preferably in the range of 125 to 135℃.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the polypropylene (PP-1) forms a matrix phase of a heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) in which the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) is dispersed.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) has a xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction measured according to ISO 16152 (25℃) in the range of 10.0 to 40.0
wt. -%, preferably in the range of 10.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 15.0 to 25.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) has a comonomer content in the range of 1.0 to 20.0 wt. %, preferably in the range of 3.0 to 15.0 wt, -%, more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 10.0 wt. -%based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) has an intrinsic viscosity (IV) in the range of 2.0 to 3.5, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 3.0, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 2.5 dl/g.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the propylene copolymer (HECO) has a melt flow rate MFR2(230℃, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 of at least 31 g/10 min, like in the range of 31 to 100 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 35 to 80 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 35 to 55 g/10 min.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the polypropylene (PP-1) is a propylene homopolymer.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the high density polyethylene (HDPE) has a density in the range of 0.940 to 0.970 g/cm3, preferably 0.954 to 0.962 g/cm3.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the polypropylene composition (PP) , wherein the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (190℃, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 in the range of 0.5
to 15.0 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10.0 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 g/10 min.
According to another aspect the present invention is directed at an article comprising the polypropylene composition (PP) .
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed at the article, wherein the article is an automotive article, preferably an automotive interior article.
According to yet another aspect the present invention is directed at the use of the polypropylene composition (PP) for the production of the article, preferably the automotive article, more preferably the automotive interior article.
It has been surprisingly found out that the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention exhibits a significantly improved scratch resistance while retaining balanced stiffness and impact strength.
In the following, the invention and all of its components are described in more detail.
When reference is made to preferred embodiments of the inventive polypropylene composition (PP) , it is to be understood that the embodiments are interrelated and supplement the polypropylene composition (PP) alone or in combination. Furthermore, when reference is made to preferred embodiments or technical details of the inventive polypropylene composition (PP) , it is to be understood that these preferred embodiments or technical details also refer to the inventive article comprising the polypropylene composition (PP) .
The polypropylene (PP-1)
The polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention comprises a polypropylene (PP-1) as an essential component.
The polypropylene (PP-1) is not a heterophasic polymer, i.e. a system comprising a crystalline matrix phase in which an elastomeric phase is dispersed. To the contrary, the polypropylene (PP-1) might form the matrix in a heterophasic system. Accordingly, it is preferred that the propylene (PP-1) is monophasic, i.e. in DMTA no multiphase structure can be identified as there exists just one glass transition temperature.
The polypropylene (PP-1) has a rather high melt flow rate. Accordingly, it is preferred that the polypropylene (PP-1) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃, 2.16 kg) of at least 50 g/10 min, preferably at least 70 g/10 min, more preferably of at least 80 g/10 min, even more preferably of at least 90 g/10 min, like in the range of 50 to 250 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 70 to 160 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 80 to 140 g/10 min, even more preferably in the range of 85 to 130 g/10 min and yet even more preferably in the range of 90 to 120 g/10 min.
It is appreciated that the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the polypropylene (PP-1) is rather low. Accordingly, the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the polypropylene (PP-1) is preferably of from 0.5 to 5.0 wt. -%, more preferably from 1.0 to 4.0 wt. -%, even more preferably from 1.5 to 3.5 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene (PP-1) . For example, the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the polypropylene (PP-1) is from 1.5 to 3.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene (PP-1) .
The polypropylene (PP-1) is preferably a propylene homopolymer.
The term “propylene homopolymer” used in the present invention relates to a polypropylene that consists substantially, i.e. of more than 99.7 wt. -%, still more preferably of at least 99.8 wt. -%, of propylene units. In a preferred embodiment only propylene units in the propylene homopolymer are detectable.
Preferably the polypropylene composition (PP) comprises the polypropylene (PP-1) in an amount of at least 25.0 wt. -%, preferably at least 28.0 wt. -%, like in the range of 25.0 to 44.0
wt. -%or 25.0 to 43.0 wt. -%, preferably in the range of 28.0 to 43.0 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 32.0 to 43.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
The elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC)
A further essential component of the polypropylene composition (PP) is the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) .
The elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) is not a heterophasic polymer, however, might form the rubber phase of a heterophasic system.
The elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) according to this invention comprises units derivable from propylene and ethylene only.
The elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) has a propylene content of at least 50 wt. -%, preferably of at least 55 wt. -%, more preferably of at least 60 wt. -%, based on the weight of the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) . It is appreciated that the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) has a propylene content in the range of 50 to 70 wt. -%, preferably in the range of 55 to 70 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 60 to 70 wt. -%, based on the weight of the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) . The remaining part is ethylene.
Preferably the polypropylene composition (PP) comprises the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) in an amount of at least 1.0 wt. %, preferably at least 5.0 wt. -%, more preferably at least 6.0 wt. -%, like in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, preferably in the range of 5.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 6.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, based on the weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
The polypropylene (PP-1) and the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) may be added to the polypropylene composition (PP) in form of a heterophasic propylene copolymer
(HECO) . Thus, the polypropylene (PP-1) defined above constitutes the matrix of a heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) in which the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) is dispersed.
The heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is added to the polypropylene composition (PP) to ensure a high flowability and stiffness.
The term″heterophasic″indicates that an elastomeric propylene copolymer is (finely) dispersed in a polypropylene matrix. In other words, the elastomeric propylene copolymer forms inclusions in the matrix formed by the polypropylene. Thus, the matrix contains (finely) dispersed inclusions being not part of the matrix and said inclusions contain the elastomeric propylene copolymer.
The term″inclusion″according to this invention shall preferably indicate that the matrix and the inclusions form different phases within the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) , said inclusions are for instance visible by high resolution microscopy, like electron microscopy or scanning force microscopy.
The amount of polypropylene (PP-1) in the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is preferably at least 70 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 70 to 90 wt. -%, even more preferably in the range of 75 to 88 wt. -%, yet even more preferably in the range of 75 to 85 wt. -%. The remaining part of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) constitutes the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) .
It is appreciated that the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is present in the polypropylene composition (PP) in an amount of at least 30.0 wt. -%, preferably in an amount of at least 35.0 wt. -%, even more preferably in an amount of at least 45 wt. -% based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) . Preferred amounts are in the range of 30.0 to 53.0 wt. -%, more preferred amounts are in the range of from 35.0 to 53.0 wt. -%, even more preferred amounts are in the range of from 45.0 to 53.0 wt. -%, yet even more preferred amounts are in the range of from 45.0 to 52.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
It is appreciated that the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) being part of the polypropylene composition (PP) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃, 2, 16 kg) of at least 31 g/10 min, like in the range of 31 to 100 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 35 to 80 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 35 to 55 g/10 min. For example, the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) being part of the polypropylene composition (PP) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃, 2.16 kg) in the range of 32 to 40 g/10 min.
Additionally or alternatively, it is appreciated the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) being part of the polypropylene composition (PP) preferably has a comonomer content, preferably an ethylene content, of ≥ 1.0 wt. -%, more preferably ≥ 3.0 wt. -%, even more preferably ≥ 5.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) . Furthermore, it is appreciated that the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) being part of the polypropylene composition (PP) preferably has a comonomer content, preferably an ethylene content, of ≤ 20.0 wt. -%, more preferably ≤ 15.0 wt. -%, even more preferably ≤ 10.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) . In other words it is appreciated that the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) being part of the polypropylene composition (PP) preferably has a comonomer content, preferably an ethylene content in the range of range of 1.0 to 20.0 wt. %, preferably in the range of 3.0 to 15.0 wt, -%, more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
A parameter frequently used to determine the amount of elastomeric and/or amorphous components within a polymer composition is the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction. As a first approximation, the amount of the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction corresponds to the amount of elastomeric polymer (s) , i.e. rubber, and the amount of those polymer chains of the matrix with low molecular weight and low stereo regularity, being present in the heterophasic polymer composition.
The xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) being part of the polypropylene composition (PP) (25℃) is preferably in the range of 10.0
to 40.0 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 10.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, even more preferably from 15.0 to 25.0 wt. -%, yet even more preferably in the arrange of 16.0 to 22.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
A polypropylene composition (PP) is appreciated, wherein the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) has an intrinsic viscosity (IV) in the range of 1.0 to 5.0, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 3.5 dl/g, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 dl/g, even more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 2.5 dl/g.
Furthermore, a polypropylene composition (PP) is appreciated, wherein the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) has an ethylene content in the range of 15.0 to 50.0 wt. -%, preferably in the range of 20.0 to 45.0 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 25.0 to 42.0 wt. -%, even more preferably in the range of 30.0 to 40.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction.
As will be explained below, the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) as well its individual components (matrix and elastomeric copolymer) can be produced by blending different polymer types, i.e. of different molecular weight and/or comonomer content. However it is preferred that the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) as well its individual components (matrix and elastomeric copolymer) are produced in a sequential step process, using reactors in serial configuration and operating at different reaction conditions. As a consequence, each fraction prepared in a specific reactor will have its own molecular weight distribution and/or comonomer content distribution.
The heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) according to the present invention is preferably produced in a sequential polymerization process, i.e. in a multistage process, known in the art, wherein the polypropylene (PP-1) is produced at least in one slurry reactor, preferably in a slurry reactor and optionally in a subsequent gas phase reactor, and subsequently the elastomeric propylene copolymer (E-1) is produced at least in one, i.e. one or two, gas phase reactor (s) .
Accordingly it is preferred that the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is produced in a sequential polymerization process comprising the steps of
(a)polymerizing propylene and optionally at least one ethylene and/or C4 to C12 α-olefin in a first reactor (R1) and obtaining the first polypropylene fraction of the polypropylene (PP-1) , preferably said first polypropylene fraction is a first propylene homopolymer,
(b)transferring the first polypropylene fraction into a second reactor (R2) ,
(c)polymerizing in the second reactor (R2) and in the presence of said first polypropylene fraction propylene and optionally at least one ethylene and/or C4 to C12 α-olefin and obtaining thereby the second polypropylene fraction, preferably said second polypropylene fraction is a second propylene homopolymer, said first polypropylene fraction and said second polypropylene fraction form the polypropylene (PP-1) , like the propylene homopolymer (PP-1) , i.e. the matrix of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) ,
(d)transferring the polypropylene (PP-1) of step (c) into a third reactor (R3) ,
(e)polymerizing in the third reactor (R3) and in the presence of the polypropylene (PP-1) obtained in step (c) propylene and at least one of ethylene and/or C4 to C12 α-olefin and obtaining thereby an elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer fraction (EPC) , the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer fraction (EPC) is dispersed in the polypropylene (PP-1) and both, i.e. the polypropylene (PP-1) and the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer fraction (EPC) , forms the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO)
Of course, in the first reactor (R1) the second polypropylene fraction can be produced and in the second reactor (R2) the first polypropylene fraction can be obtained.
Preferably between the second reactor (R2) and the third reactor (R3) the monomers are flashed out.
The term “sequential polymerization process” indicates that the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is produced in at least two, like three reactors connected in series.
Accordingly the present process comprises at least a first reactor (R1) and a second reactor (R2) , more preferably a first reactor (R1) , a second reactor (R2) and a third reactor (R3) . The term “polymerization reactor” shall indicate that the main polymerization takes place. Thus in case the process consists of four or three polymerization reactors, this definition does not exclude the option that the overall process comprises for instance a pre-polymerization step in a pre-polymerization reactor. The term “consist of” is only a closing formulation in view of the main polymerization reactors.
The first reactor (R1) is preferably a slurry reactor (SR) and can be any continuous or simple stirred batch tank reactor or loop reactor operating in bulk or slurry. Bulk means a polymerization in a reaction medium that comprises of at least 60 % (w/w) monomer. According to the present invention the slurry reactor (SR) is preferably a (bulk) loop reactor (LR) .
The second reactor (R2) and the third reactor (R3) are preferably gas phase reactors (GPR) . Such gas phase reactors (GPR) can be any mechanically mixed or fluid bed reactors. Preferably the gas phase reactors (GPR) comprise a mechanically agitated fluid bed reactor with gas velocities of at least 0.2 m/sec. Thus it is appreciated that the gas phase reactor is a fluidized bed type reactor preferably with a mechanical stirrer.
Thus in a preferred embodiment the first reactor (R1) is a slurry reactor (SR) , like a loop reactor (LR) , whereas the second reactor (R2) and the third reactor (R3) are gas phase reactors (GPR) . Accordingly for the instant process at least three, preferably three polymerization reactors, namely a slurry reactor (SR) , like a loop reactor (LR) , a first gas phase reactor (GPR-1) , and a second gas phase reactor (GPR-2) connected in series are used. If needed prior to the slurry reactor (SR) a pre-polymerization reactor is placed.
A preferred multistage process is a “loop-gas phase” -process, such as developed by Borealis A/S, Denmark (known astechnology) described e.g. in patent literature, such as in EP 0 887 379, WO 92/12182, WO 2004/000899, WO 2004/111095, WO 99/24478, WO 99/24479 or in WO 00/68315.
Preferably, in the instant process for producing the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) as defined above the conditions for the first reactor (R1) , i.e. the slurry reactor (SR) , like a loop reactor (LR) , of step (a) may be as follows:
-the temperature is within the range of 50℃to 110℃, preferably between 60℃and 100℃, more preferably between 68 and 95℃,
-the pressure is within the range of 20 bar to 80 bar, preferably between 40 bar to 70 bar,
-hydrogen can be added for controlling the molar mass in a manner known per se.
Subsequently, the reaction mixture from step (a) is transferred to the second reactor (R2) , i.e. gas phase reactor (GPR-1) , i.e. to step (c) , whereby the conditions in step (c) are preferably as follows:
-the temperature is within the range of 50℃to 130℃, preferably between 60℃and 100℃,
-the pressure is within the range of 5 bar to 50 bar, preferably between 15 bar to 35 bar,
-hydrogen can be added for controlling the molar mass in a manner known per se. The condition in the third reactor (R3) is similar to the second reactor (R2) .
The residence time can vary in the three reactor zones.
In one embodiment of the process for producing the polypropylene the residence time in bulk reactor, e.g. loop is in the range 0.1 to 2.5 hours, e.g. 0.15 to 1.5 hours and the residence time in gas phase reactor will generally be 0.2 to 6.0 hours, like 0.5 to 4.0 hours.
If desired, the polymerization may be effected in a known manner under supercritical conditions in the first reactor (R1) , i.e. in the slurry reactor (SR) , like in the loop reactor (LR) , and/or as a condensed mode in the gas phase reactors (GPR) .
Preferably the process comprises also a prepolymerization with the catalyst system, as described in detail below, comprising a Ziegler-Natta procatalyst, an external donor and optionally a cocatalyst.
In a preferred embodiment, the prepolymerization is conducted as bulk slurry polymerization in liquid propylene, i.e. the liquid phase mainly comprises propylene, with minor amount of other reactants and optionally inert components dissolved therein.
The prepolymerization reaction is typically conducted at a temperature of 10 to 60℃, preferably from 15 to 50℃, more preferably from 20 to 45℃.
The pressure in the prepolymerization reactor is not critical but must be sufficiently high to maintain the reaction mixture in liquid phase. Thus, the pressure may be from 20 to 100 bar, for example 30 to 70 bar.
The catalyst components are preferably all introduced to the prepolymerization step. However, where the solid catalyst component (i) and the cocatalyst (ii) can be fed separately it is possible that only a part of the cocatalyst is introduced into the prepolymerization stage and the remaining part into subsequent polymerization stages. Also in such cases it is necessary to introduce so much cocatalyst into the prepolymerization stage that a sufficient polymerization reaction is obtained therein.
It is possible to add other components also to the prepolymerization stage. Thus, hydrogen may be added into the prepolymerization stage to control the molecular weight of the prepolymer as is known in the art. Further, antistatic additive may be used to prevent the particles from adhering to each other or to the walls of the reactor.
The precise control of the prepolymerization conditions and reaction parameters is within the skill of the art.
According to the present invention the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is obtained by a multistage polymerization process, as described above, in the presence of a catalyst system comprising as component (i) a Ziegler-Natta procatalyst which contains a trans-esterification product of a lower alcohol and a phthalic ester.
The procatalyst used according to the invention for preparing the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is prepared by
a)reacting a spray crystallized or emulsion solidified adduct of MgCl2 and a C1-C2 alcohol with TiCl4
b)reacting the product of stage a) with a dialkylphthalate of formula (I)
wherein R1’a nd R2’a re independently at least a C5 alkyl under conditions where a transesterification between said C1 to C2 alcohol and said dialkylphthalate of formula (I) takes place to form the internal donor
c)washing the product of stage b) or
d)optionally reacting the product of step c) with additional TiCl4.
The procatalyst is produced as defined for example in the patent applications WO 87/07620, WO 92/19653, WO 92/19658 and EP 0 491 566. The content of these documents is herein included by reference.
First an adduct of MgCl2 and a C1-C2 alcohol of the formula MgCl2*nROH, wherein R is methyl or ethyl and n is 1 to 6, is formed. Ethanol is preferably used as alcohol.
The adduct, which is first melted and then spray crystallized or emulsion solidified, is used as catalyst carrier.
In the next step the spray crystallized or emulsion solidified adduct of the formula MgCl2*nROH, wherein R is methyl or ethyl, preferably ethyl and n is 1 to 6, is contacting with TiCl4 to form a titanized carrier, followed by the steps of
(a)adding to said titanised carrier
(i)a dialkylphthalate of formula (I) with R1’a nd R2’ being independently at least a C5-alkyl, like at least a C8-alkyl,
or preferably
(ii)a dialkylphthalate of formula (I) with R1’a nd R2’ being the same and being at least a C5-alkyl, like at least a C8-alkyl,
or more preferably
(iii)a dialkylphthalate of formula (I) selected from the group consisting of propylhexylphthalate (PrHP) , dioctylphthalate (DOP) , di-iso-decylphthalate (DIDP) , and ditridecylphthalate (DTDP) , yet more preferably the dialkylphthalate of formula (I) is a dioctylphthalate (DOP) , like di-iso-octylphthalate or diethylhexylphthalate, in particular diethylhexylphthalate,
to form a first product,
(b)subjecting said first product to suitable transesterification conditions, i.e. to a temperature above 100℃, preferably between 100 to 150℃, more preferably between 130 to 150℃, such that said methanol or ethanol is transesterified with said ester groups of said dialkylphthalate of formula (I) to form preferably at least 80 mol-%, more preferably 90 mol-%, most preferably 95 mol. -%, of a dialkylphthalate of formula (II)
with R1 and R2 being methyl or ethyl, preferably ethyl,
the dialkylphthalat of formula (II) being the internal donor and
(c)recovering said transesterification product as the procatalyst composition (component (i)) .
The adduct of the formula MgCl2*nROH, wherein R is methyl or ethyl and n is 1 to 6, is in a preferred embodiment melted and then the melt is preferably injected by a gas into a cooled solvent or a cooled gas, whereby the adduct is crystallized into a morphologically advantageous form, as for example described in WO 87/07620.
This crystallized adduct is preferably used as the catalyst carrier and reacted to the procatalyst useful in the present invention as described in WO 92/19658 and WO 92/19653.
As the catalyst residue is removed by extracting, an adduct of the titanised carrier and the internal donor is obtained, in which the group deriving from the ester alcohol has changed.
In case sufficient titanium remains on the carrier, it will act as an active element of the procatalyst.
Otherwise the titanization is repeated after the above treatment in order to ensure a sufficient titanium concentration and thus activity.
Preferably the procatalyst used according to the present invention contains 2.5 wt. -%of titanium at the most, preferably 2.2%wt. -%at the most, more preferably 2.0 wt. -%at the most. Its donor content is preferably between 4 to 12 wt. -%, more preferably between 6 and 10 wt. -%.
More preferably the procatalyst used according to the present invention has been produced by using ethanol as the alcohol and dioctylphthalate (DOP) as dialkylphthalate of formula (I) , yielding diethyl phthalate (DEP) as the internal donor compound.
Still more preferably the catalyst used according to the present invention is the catalyst as described in the example section; especially with the use of dioctylphthalate as dialkylphthalate of formula (I) .
For the production of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) according to the present invention the catalyst system used preferably comprises in addition to the special Ziegler-Natta procatalyst an organometallic cocatalyst as component (ii) .
Accordingly it is preferred to select the cocatalyst from the group consisting of trialkylaluminium, like triethylaluminium (TEA) , dialkyl aluminium chloride and alkyl aluminium sesquichloride.
Component (iii) of the catalysts system used is an external donor represented by formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) . Formula (IIIa) is defined by
Si(OCH3) 2R2
5 (IIIa)
wherein R5 represents a branched-alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably a branched-alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or a cyclo-alkyl having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably a cyclo-alkyl having 5 to 8 carbon atoms.
It is in particular preferred that R5 is selected from the group consisting of iso-propyl, iso-butyl, iso-pentyl, tert. -butyl, tert. -amyl, neopentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclopentyl and cycloheptyl.
Formula (IIIb) is defined by
Si(OCH2CH3) 3 (NRxRy) (IIIb)
wherein Rx and Ry can be the same or different a represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
Rx and Ry are independently selected from the group consisting of linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon
atoms. It is in particular preferred that Rx and Ry are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, octyl, decanyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, iso-pentyl, tert. -butyl, tert. -amyl, neopentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclopentyl and cycloheptyl.
More preferably both Rx and Ry are the same, yet more preferably both Rx and Ry are an ethyl group.
More preferably the external donor is of formula (IIIa) , like dicyclopentyl dimethoxy silane [Si(OCH3) 2 (cyclo-pentyl) 2] or diisopropyl dimethoxy silane [Si (OCH3) 2 (CH (CH3) 2) 2] .
Most preferably the external donor of formula (IIIb) is diethylaminotriethoxysilane.
In one preferred embodiment the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is the only heterophasic polymer which is used in the propylene composition (PP) . That is that the propylene composition (PP) especially does not contain a further heterophasic propylene copolymer which comprises a polypropylene acting as a matrix and an elastomeric propylene copolymer being dispersed in said matrix.
Propylene homopolymer (HPP-2)
Another essential component of the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention is a propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) . The propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is added to the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention to improve the stiffness and the scratch resistance.
It is appreciated that the polypropylene composition (PP) comprises the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) in an amount of 1.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, preferably 1.0 to 20.0 wt. -%, more preferably in an amount of 5.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, even more preferably in an amount of 8.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
It comes apparent from the wording that the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is not a heterophasic polymer, i.e. a system comprising a crystalline matrix phase in which an elastomeric phase is dispersed. Accordingly, it is preferred that the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is monophasic, i.e. in DMTA no multiphase structure can be identified as there exists just one glass transition temperature.
Further, the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) preferably has a melting temperature (Tm) of at least 150℃, preferably of at least 160℃, more preferably of at least 165℃, like in the range of 150 to 200℃, preferably in the range of 160 to 180℃, even more preferably in the range of 160 to 175℃.
The propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃) of less than 38, preferably of less than 35 g/10 min, more preferably of less than 30 g/10 min, even more preferably of less than 20 g/10min, yet even more preferably of less than 10 g/10 min, like in the range of 5 to 38 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 5 to 30 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 5 to 20 g/10 min, even more preferably in the range of 5 to 10 g/10 min.
The propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is chemical different from the polypropylene (HPP-1) , in particular it is preferred that the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) has a lower MFR2 (230 ℃) than the polypropylene (HPP-1) . It is preferred that the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃) which at least 20 g/10 min lower, more preferably at least 40 g/10 min lower, even more preferably at least 60 g/10 min lower, yet even more preferably at least 80 g/10 min lower than the propylene homopolymer (HPP-1) , of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
Preferably, the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) has a flexural modulus of at least 1,850 MPa, preferably at least 2,000 MPa, like in the range of 1,650 to 2,200 MPa, preferably in the range of 1850 to 2200MPa, more preferably in the range of 1950 to 2150 MPa.
The propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is known in the art and for instance available from Borealis AG.
In one preferred embodiment the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) and the polypropylene (PP-1) are the only propylene homopolymers which are used in the propylene composition (PP) .
Elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC)
As another essential component, the instant polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention comprises an elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) . The elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) is added to the polypropylene composition (PP) for good dimension stability and good impact properties.
It is appreciated that the polypropylene composition (PP) comprises the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) in an amount 1.0 to 20.0 wt. -%, preferably in an amount of 5.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, more preferably in an amount of 8.0 to 12.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
The elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) has a rather low melt flow rate MFR2 (190℃, 2, 16 kg) , like in the range of 0.5 to 15.0 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10.0 g/10min, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 g/10 min, even more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 g /10 min.
Preferably, the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) has a density in the range of from 0.820 to 0.940 g/cm3, preferably in the range of from 0.830 to 0.920 g/cm3, more preferably in the range of from 0.850 to 0.900 g/cm3.
The elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) differs at least from the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) in comonomer type and/or ethylene content. Accordingly it is preferred that the ethylene content in the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) is higher than in the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) .
In particular it is preferred that the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) comprises at least 50.0 wt. -%units derived from ethylene, preferably at least 55.0 wt. -%units derived from ethylene, more preferably at least 60.0 wt. -%of units derived from ethylene, like in the range of more than 50.0 to 80.0 wt. -%of units derived from ethylene, preferably in the range of from 55.0 to 80.0 wt. -%of units derived from ethylene, more preferably 60.0 to 80.0 wt. -%of units derived from ethylene.
The comonomers present in the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) are C4 to C12 α-olefins, like 1-butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene, the latter especially preferred. Accordingly in one specific embodiment the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) is an ethylene-1-octene copolymer with the amounts described above.
The elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) is known in the art and belongs in a preferred embodiment to the Exact and Engage series, respectively.
As mentioned above, the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) preferably is also dispersed in the matrix, i.e. in the polypropylene (PP-1) , by compounding.
In one preferred embodiment the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) is the only elastomeric ethylene copolymer which is used in the propylene composition (PP) . That is that the propylene composition (PP) especially does not contain a further elastomeric ethylene copolymer besides the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) . However, this does not exclude the presence of the elastomeric propylene copolymer (EPC) .
In other words, the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) and the elastomeric propylene copolymer (EPC) are two individual compounds of the polypropylene composition (PP) and it is appreciated that the propylene composition (PP) does not contain a further elastomeric ethylene copolymer.
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
As another essential component, the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention comprises high density polyethylene (HDPE) . The high density polyethylene (HDPE) is added to the polypropylene composition (PP) to improve the scratch resistance.
A high density polyethylene (HDPE) in the sense of the present invention has a density of at least 0.940 g/cm3, preferably at least 0.950 g/cm3, like in the range of 0.940 to 0.970 g/cm3, preferably in the range of 0.954 to 0.962 g/cm3.
Preferably the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention comprises the high density polyethylene in an amount of at least 1.0 wt. -%, preferably in an amount of at least 3.0 wt. -%, even more preferably in an amount of at least 5.0 wt. -%, like in the range of 1.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, preferably in the range of 1.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, even more preferably in the range of 3.0 to 10.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
Preferably the high density polyethylene (HDPE) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (190℃, 2, 16 kg) in the range of 1 to 50 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 1 to 20 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 1 to 15 g/10 min, even more preferably in the range of 3 to 10 g/10 min.
The high density polyethylene (HDPE) according to this invention is known in the art and for instance available as HDPE 5070 from Panjin Petrochemical Corporation, Liaoning, China.
In one preferred embodiment the high density polyethylene (HDPE) is the only high density polyethylene which is used in the propylene composition (PP) . That is that the propylene composition (PP) especially does not contain a further high density polyethylene besides the high density polyethylene (HDPE) .
Inorganic filler (F)
As another essential component, the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention comprises inorganic filler (F) . The inorganic filler is added to the polypropylene composition according to the present invention for a high stiffness.
Polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention comprises the inorganic filler (F) in an amount of at least 10.0 wt. -%, preferably at least 18.0 wt. -%, even more preferably at least 20.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) . On the other hand the amount of inorganic filler (F) in the polypropylene composition should not exceed certain limits and it is preferred that the inorganic filler (F) is present in an amount of less than 50.0 wt. -%, preferably less than 30.0 wt. -%, even more preferably less than 25 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) . It is appreciated that the amount of inorganic filler (F) in the polypropylene composition (PP) is in the range of 10.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, preferably in the range of 18.0 to 25.0 wt. -%even more preferably in the range of 20.0 to 25.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
Preferably the inorganic filler (F) is mica, wollastonite, kaolinite, smectite, calcium carbonate, montmorillonite, talc, phyllosilicate or a mixture thereof. The most preferred inorganic filler (F) is talc.
The inorganic filler (F) preferably has a median particle size d50 calculated from the particle size distribution in mass percent and measured by sedimentation analysis in the range of 0.2 to 20.0 μm, more preferably in the range of 0.3 to 15.0 μm, yet more preferably in the range of 0.4 to 10.0 μm, still more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 μm. The most preferred median particle size d50 is in the range of 0.65 to 2.0 μm.
The inorganic filler (F) preferably has a cutoff particle size d95 calculated from the particle size distribution in mass percent and measured by sedimentation analysis of 1.0 to 30.0 μm, more preferably of 1.0 to 20.0 μm and most preferably of 1.0 to 10.0 μm.
Additionally or alternatively, the inorganic filler (F) has a specific surface area BET, measured according to ISO 9277, in the range from 1.0 to 50.0 m2/g, preferably in the range from 5.0 to 40.0 m2/g, more preferably in the range from 5.0 to 30.0 m2/g, even more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 20.0 m2/g.
Additives
It is appreciated that the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention may further (optionally) comprise at least one typical additive selected from the group consisting of acid scavengers, antioxidants, colorants, pigments, light stabilizers, UV-stabilizers, slip agents, dispersing agents, carriers and colorants. Preferably the amount of these additives (excluding the inorganic filler (F) and alpha-nucleating agents) shall not exceed 10.0 wt. -%, preferably not more than 7.0 wt. -%, more preferably not more than 5.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
It is appreciated that at least one antioxidant (AO) is present in the polypropylene composition (PP) in an amount of 0.01 to 5.00 wt. -%, preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 3.00 wt. -%, even more preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
It is appreciated that at least one UV-stabilizer (UV) is present in the polypropylene composition (PP) in an amount of 0.01 to 5.00 wt. -%, preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 3.00 wt. -%, even more preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
Such additives are generally commercially available and are described, for example, in"Plastic Additives Handbook", 5th edition, 2001 of Hans Zweifel.
Polypropylene composition (PP)
The polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention is preferably featured by a specific melt flow rate. Accordingly in a preferred embodiment the polypropylene composition (PP) according to this invention has a melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃, 2.16 kg) of at least 10 g/10 min, preferably at least 15 g/10 min, like in the range of 10 to 50 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 15 to 50 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 15 to 25 g/10 min.
Furthermore, it is appreciated that the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention has a flexural modulus of at least 1,850 MPa, preferably at least 1,980 MPa.
Furthermore, it is appreciated that the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention has a crystallization temperature (Tc) in the range of 105 to 150℃, preferably in the range of 120 to 140℃, more preferably in the range of 125 to 135℃.
The polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention due to the unique combination of its individual components has increased scratch resistance while maintaining balanced mechanical properties.
Preferably the polypropylene composition (PP) comprises:
(a)25.0 to 43.0 wt. -%, preferably 28.0 to 43.0 wt. -%, more preferably 32.0 to 43.0 wt. -%of the polypropylene (PP-1) ,
(b)1.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, preferably 1.0 to 20.0 wt. -%, more preferably in an amount of 5.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, even more preferably in an amount of 8.0 to 15.0 wt. -%of the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) ,
(c)1.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, preferably 5.0 to 10.0 wt. -%, more preferably 6.0 to 10.0 wt. -%of the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC)
(d)1.0 to 20.0 wt. -%, preferably 5.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, more preferably 8.0 to 12.0 wt. -%of the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) ,
(e)1.0 to 15.0 wt. -%, preferably 3.0 to 10.0 wt. -%of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) , and
(f)10.0 to 30.0 wt. -%, preferably 18.0 to 25.0 wt. -%more preferably 20.0 to 25.0 wt. -%of the inorganic filler (F) ,
based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
One finding of the present invention is that the scratch resistance properties of polypropylene compositions can be improved while maintaining a balanced impact strength and stiffness by providing at least two different polypropylenes which differ from each other in their melt flow rate. Thus, in a preferred embodiment the polypropylene composition (PP) comprises a polypropylene (PP-1) and a propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) , wherein thepropylene (PP-1) differs from the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) in the melt flow rate.
It is preferred that polypropylene composition (PP) comprises a polypropylene (PP-1) and a propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) , wherein the polypropylene (PP-1) has a higher melt flow rate than the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2)
Accordingly it is preferred that the polypropylene (PP-1) and the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) fulfill together the inequation (Ia) , preferably inequation (Ib) , even more preferably inequation (Ic) , yet more preferably inequation (Id)
wherein
MFR (PP-1) is the melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃) [g/10 min] of the polypropylene (PP-1) and
MFR (HPP-2) is the melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃) [g/10 min] of the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) .
The final composition is probably of a complex structure. For example, the polypropylene (PP-1) together with the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) may form a continuous phase being the matrix of the composition wherein the elastomeric copolymers (EPC) and (EEC) and optional additives form together or individually inclusions dispersed therein.
In one preferred embodiment the polypropylene composition (PP) does not comprise high melt strength polypropylene (HMS-PP) . The term “high melt strength polypropylene (HMS-PP)” indicates a polymer type that is characterized by a certain degree of branching. Possible high melt strength polypropylenes (HMS-PP) are so called Y/H-polypropylenes and for instance described in EP 0 787 750, i.e. single branched polypropylene types (Y polypropylenes having a backbone with a single long side-chain and an architecture resembles a “Y” ) and polypropylene types in which polymer chains are coupled with a bridging group (an architecture resembles a “H” ) . Such polypropylenes are characterized by rather high melt strength.
In one preferred embodiment the polypropylene composition (PP) does not comprise further polymers to those defined in the present invention, i.e. the polypropylene (PP-1) , the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) , the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) , the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) , the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) and the high density polyethylene (HDPE) , in amounts above 5 wt. -%, preferably in amounts above 3 wt. -%. In one especially preferred embodiment the polypropylene composition (PP) does not comprise further polymers to those defined in the present invention.
The polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention contains preferably an α-nucleating agent. Even more preferred the present invention is free of β-nucleating agents. According to the present invention the nucleating agent is understood as a nucleating
agent different to the inorganic filler (F) . Accordingly, the nucleating agent is preferably selected from the group consisting of
(i)salts of monocarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids, e.g. sodium benzoate or aluminum tert-butylbenzoate, and
(ii)dibenzylidenesorbitol (e.g. 1,3 : 2, 4 dibenzylidenesorbitol) and C1-C8-alkyl-substituted dibenzylidenesorbitol derivatives, such as methyldibenzylidenesorbitol, ethyldibenzylidenesorbitol or dimethyldibenzylidenesorbitol (e.g. 1, 3 : 2, 4 di(methylbenzylidene) sorbitol) , or substituted nonitol-derivatives, such as 1, 2, 3, -trideoxy-4, 6: 5, 7-bis-O- [ (4-propylphenyl) methylene] -nonitol, and
(iii)salts of diesters of phosphoric acid, e.g. sodium 2, 2'-methylenebis (4, 6, -di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate or aluminium-hydroxy-bis [2, 2'-methylene-bis (4, 6-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphate] , and
(iv)vinylcycloalkane polymer and vinylalkane polymer (as discussed above) , and
(v)mixtures thereof.
Such additives are generally commercially available and are described, for example, in"Plastic Additives Handbook", 5th edition, 2001 of Hans Zweifel.
In a preferred embodiment the α-nucleating agent is part of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) thus of the polypropylene composition (PP) . Accordingly the α-nucleating agent content of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) and thus of the polypropylene composition (PP) is preferably up to 5.0 wt. -%. In a preferred embodiment, the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) and thus the polypropylene composition (PP) contain (s) not more than 3,000 ppm, more preferably of 1 to 2,000 ppm of a α-nucleating agent, in particular selected from the group consisting of dibenzylidenesorbitol (e.g. 1, 3 : 2, 4 dibenzylidene sorbitol) , dibenzylidenesorbitol derivative, preferably dimethyldibenzylidenesorbitol (e.g. 1, 3 : 2, 4 di (methylbenzylidene) sorbitol) , or substituted nonitol-derivatives, such as 1, 2, 3, -trideoxy-4, 6: 5, 7-bis-O- [ (4-propylphenyl) methylene] -nonitol, vinylcycloalkane polymer, vinylalkane polymer, and mixtures thereof.
In a preferred embodiment the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) and thus the polypropylene composition (PP) contains a vinylcycloalkane, like vinylcyclohexane (VCH) , polymer and/or vinylalkane polymer, as the α-nucleating agent. Preferably in this embodiment, the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) contains a vinylcycloalkane, like vinylcyclohexane (VCH) , polymer and/or vinylalkane polymer, preferably vinylcyclohexane (VCH) . Preferably the vinylcycloalkane is vinylcyclohexane (VCH) polymer which is optionally introduced into the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) and thus into the polypropylene composition (PP) by the BNT technology. More preferably in this preferred embodiment, the amount of vinylcycloalkane, like vinylcyclohexane (VCH) , polymer and/or vinylalkane polymer, more preferably of vinylcyclohexane (VCH) polymer, in the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is not more than 500 ppm, more preferably of 0.5 to 200 ppm, most preferably 1 to 100 ppm, . Accordingly it is thus preferred that the polypropylene composition (PP) contains not more than 500 ppm, more preferably of 0.1 to 200 ppm, most preferably 0.2 to 100 ppm, of vinylcyclohexane (VCH) polymer.
In other words it is preferred that heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) is BNT nucleated.
Furthermore, it is preferred that the α-nucleating agent is additionally or alternatively part of the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) thus of the polypropylene composition (PP) . Accordingly the α-nucleating agent content of the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) and thus of the polypropylene composition (PP) is preferably up to 5.0 wt. -%. In a preferred embodiment, the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) and thus the polypropylene composition (PP) contain (s) not more than 3,000 ppm, preferably of 1 to 2,000 ppm of a α-nucleating agent, in particular selected from the group consisting of dibenzylidenesorbitol (e.g. 1, 3 : 2, 4 dibenzylidene sorbitol) , dibenzylidenesorbitol derivative, preferably dimethyldibenzylidenesorbitol (e.g. 1, 3 : 2, 4 di (methylbenzylidene) sorbitol) , or substituted nonitol-derivatives, such as 1, 2, 3, -trideoxy-4, 6: 5, 7-bis-O- [ (4-propylphenyl) methylene] -nonitol, vinylcycloalkane polymer, vinylalkane polymer, and mixtures thereof.
In a preferred embodiment the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) and thus the polypropylene composition (PP) contains a vinylcycloalkane, like vinylcyclohexane (VCH) , polymer and/or vinylalkane polymer, as the α-nucleating agent. Preferably in this embodiment, the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) contains a vinylcycloalkane, like vinylcyclohexane (VCH) , polymer and/or vinylalkane polymer, preferably vinylcyclohexane (VCH) . Preferably the vinylcycloalkane is vinylcyclohexane (VCH) polymer which is optionally introduced into the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) and thus into the polypropylene composition (PP) by the BNT technology. More preferably in this preferred embodiment, the amount of vinylcycloalkane, like vinylcyclohexane (VCH) , polymer and/or vinylalkane polymer, more preferably of vinylcyclohexane (VCH) polymer, in the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is not more than 500 ppm, more preferably of 0.5 to 200 ppm, most preferably 1 to 100 ppm. Accordingly it is thus preferred that the polypropylene composition (PP) contains not more than 500 ppm, more preferably of 0.1 to 200 ppm, most preferably 0.2 to 100 ppm, of vinylcyclohexane (VCH) polymer.
In other words it is preferred that the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) is BNT nucleated.
With regard to the BNT-technology reference is made to the international applications WO 99/24478, WO 99/24479 and particularly WO 00/68315. According to this technology a catalyst system, preferably a Ziegler-Natta procatalyst, can be modified by polymerising a vinyl compound in the presence of the catalyst system, comprising in particular the special Ziegler-Natta procatalyst, an external donor and a cocatalyst, which vinyl compound has the formula:
CH2=CH-CHR3R4
wherein R3 and R4 together form a 5-or 6-membered saturated, unsaturated or aromatic ring or independently represent an alkyl group comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the modified catalyst is used for the preparation of the heterophasic polypropylene according to this invention, i.e. of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) . The polymerized vinyl compound acts as an α-nucleating agent. The weight ratio of vinyl compound to solid catalyst component in the modification step of the catalyst is preferably of up to 5 (5: 1) ,
preferably up to 3 (3: 1) most preferably from 0.5 (1: 2) to 2 (2: 1) . The most preferred vinyl compound is vinylcyclohexane (VCH) .
Another aspect of the present invention is directed at the process for preparing the polypropylene composition (PP) according to the present invention comprising the following process steps:
(a)loading the additives, such as antioxidants (AO) and UV-stabilizers (UV) into a first feeder of an extruder or a mixer,
(b)loading all resins, including the PP-1 and EPC (or heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) ) , the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) , the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) and the high density polyethylene (HDPE) into a second feeder of the extruder/mixer;
(c)loading inorganic filler (F) into a third feeder of the extruder/mixer;
(d)the compounds from the first, second and third feeder are mixed and heated homogeneously in the extruder/mixer at a temperature of 165 to 230℃, ,
(e)extruding the blend obtained.
The term″blending″refers according to the present invention to the action of providing a blend out of at least two different materials, e.g. PP-1 and EPC (or the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) ) , the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) , the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) , the inorganic filler (F) , the antioxidants (AO) , the UV-stabilizers and optionally further additives.
For blending the individual components of the instant composition a conventional compounding or blending apparatus, e.g. a Banbury mixer, a 2-roll rubber mill, Buss-co-kneader or a twin screw extruder may be used. The polymer materials recovered from the extruder/mixer are usually in the form of pellets. These pellets are then preferably further processed, e.g. by injection molding to generate articles and products of the inventive composition.
In a preferred embodiment of the process described the additives are premixed in one or more pre-mixing steps with a polypropylene powder as a carrier for the additives. The term"polypropylene powder"refers to the polymer directly derived from polymerization without being further processed. It is preferred that base resin of the inventive polypropylene composition (PP) , i.e. the PP-1 or the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) , is applied as the polypropylene powder. It was found that premixing the additives with the polypropylene powder improves the dispersion of the additives in the polypropylene composition compared to feeding the additives in pure form.
According to another aspect the present invention is directed at an article comprising the inventive polypropylene composition (PP) .
In other words the polypropylene composition (PP) of the present invention is used for the production of articles, like articles in the field of household appliances, medical appliances, toy appliances, pipe appliances and automotive appliances, in particularly moulded automotive articles such as injection moulded automotive articles. Preferably the polypropylene composition (PP) of the present invention is used for the production of automotive articles, in particular automotive interior articles, such as dashboards, or instrument panels. However, it is appreciated that the inventive polypropylene composition (PP) can also be applied for the production of automotive exterior articles, like bumpers, side trims, body panels, door panels, spoilers, fender liner, tailgates, and the like.
For example, the article, especially the article as defined in the previous paragraph or in the following paragraphs, comprises the inventive polypropylene composition (PP) in an amount of at least 60.0 wt. -%, more preferably in an amount of at least 80.0 wt. -%and most preferably in an amount of at least 95.0 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the article. In one embodiment the article does not comprise further polymers to those defined in the present invention, i.e. PP-1 and EPC (or the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO)) , the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) , the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) and the high density polyethylene (HDPE) .
In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the article consists of the instant polypropylene composition (PP) .
It is preferred that the article is a moulded article, preferably an injection moulded article. Preferred examples of such injection moulded articles are large parts for applications in the automotive or household industry. For example, the present invention is directed to automotive articles, especially to automotive interiors and exteriors, like instrument panels, dashboards, body panels, spoilers, fender liner, tailgates and door panels.
Accordingly the present invention is especially directed to automotive articles, especially to automotive interiors and exteriors, like instrument panels, dashboards, body panels, spoilers, fender liner, tailgates, door panels and the like, in particular instrument panels, dashboards, body panels and/or door panels, comprising at least 60.0 wt. -%, more preferably at least 80.0 wt. -%, yet more preferably at least 95.0 wt. -%, like consisting, of the instant polypropylene composition (PP) .
According to another aspect the present invention is directed at the use of the inventive polypropylene composition (PP) for the production of article as described above, preferably for the production of an automotive article as described above.
In other words the present invention is in particular directed to the use of the polypropylene composition (PP) to the preparation of the article selected from the group consisting of household articles, medical articles, toy articles, pipe articles and automotive articles, in particularly moulded automotive articles such as injection moulded automotive articles.
The present invention will now be described in further detail by the examples provided below.
EXAMPLES
1.Definitions and Measuring Methods
The following definitions of terms and determination methods apply for the above general description of the invention as well as to the below examples unless otherwise defined.
Quantification of microstructure by NMR spectroscopy
Quantitative nuclear-magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is used to quantify the isotacticity and regio-regularity of the polypropylene homopolymers.
Quantitative 13C {1H} NMR spectra were recorded in the solution-state using a Bruker Advance III 400 NMR spectrometer operating at 400.15 and 100.62 MHz for 1H and 13C respectively. All spectra were recorded using a 13C optimised 10 mm extended temperature probehead at 125℃using nitrogen gas for all pneumatics.
For polypropylene homopolymers approximately 200 mg of material was dissolved in 1, 2-tetrachloroethane-d2 (TCE-d2) . To ensure a homogenous solution, after initial sample preparation in a heat block, the NMR tube was further heated in a rotatary oven for at least 1 hour. Upon insertion into the magnet the tube was spun at 10 Hz. This setup was chosen primarily for the high resolution needed for tacticity distribution quantification (Busico, V. , Cipullo, R. , Prog. Polym. Sci. 26 (2001) 443; Busico, V. ; Cipullo, R. , Monaco, G. , Vacatello, M. , Segre, A. L. , Macromolecules 30 (1997) 6251) . Standard single-pulse excitation was employed utilising the NOE and bi-level WALTZ16 decoupling scheme (Zhou, Z. , Kuemmerle, R. , Qiu, X. , Redwine, D. , Cong, R. , Taha, A. , Baugh, D. Winniford, B. , J. Mag. Reson. 187 (2007) 225; Busico, V. , Carbonniere, P. , Cipullo, R. , Pellecchia, R. , Severn, J. , Talarico, G. , Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2007, 28, 11289) . A total of 8192 (8k) transients were acquired per spectra.
Quantitative 13C {1H} NMR spectra were processed, integrated and relevant quantitative properties determined from the integrals using proprietary computer programs.
For polypropylene homopolymers all chemical shifts are internally referenced to the methyl isotactic pentad (mmmm) at 21.85 ppm.
Characteristic signals corresponding to regio defects (Resconi, L. , Cavallo, L. , Fait, A. , Piemontesi, F. , Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1253; ; Wang, W-J. , Zhu, S. , Macromolecules 33
(2000) , 1157; Cheng, H. N. , Macromolecules 17 (1984) , 1950) or comonomer were observed.
The tacticity distribution was quantified through integration of the methyl region between 23.6-19.7 ppm correcting for any sites not related to the stereo sequences of interest (Busico, V. , Cipullo, R. , Prog. Polym. Sci. 26 (2001) 443; Busico, V. , Cipullo, R. , Monaco, G. , Vacatello, M. , Segre, A. L. , Macromolecules 30 (1997) 6251) .
Specifically the influence of regio-defects and comonomer on the quantification of the tacticity distribution was corrected for by subtraction of representative regio-defect and comonomer integrals from the specific integral regions of the stereo sequences. The isotacticity was determined at the pentad level and reported as the percentage of isotactic pentad (mmmm) sequences with respect to all pentad sequences:
[mmmm] %= 100 * (mmmm /sum of all pentads)
The presence of 2, 1 erythro regio-defects was indicated by the presence of the two methyl sites at 17.7 and 17.2 ppm and confirmed by other characteristic sites. Characteristic signals corresponding to other types of regio-defects were not observed (Resconi, L. , Cavallo, L. , Fait, A. , Piemontesi, F. , Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1253) .
The amount of 2, 1 erythro regio-defects was quantified using the average integral of the two characteristic methyl sites at 17.7 and 17.2 ppm:
P21e = (Ie6 + Ie8) /2
The amount of 1, 2 primary inserted propene was quantified based on the methyl region with correction undertaken for sites included in this region not related to primary insertion and for primary insertion sites excluded from this region:
P12 = ICH3 + P12e
The total amount of propene was quantified as the sum of primary inserted propene and all other present regio-defects:
Ptotal = P12 + P21e
The mole percent of 2, 1-erythro regio-defects was quantified with respect to all propene:
[21e] mol. -%= 100 * (P21e /Ptotal)
Characteristic signals corresponding to the incorporation of ethylene were observed (as described in Cheng, H. N. , Macromolecules 1984, 17, 1950) and the comonomer fraction
calculated as the fraction of ethylene in the polymer with respect to all monomer in the polymer.
The comonomer fraction was quantified using the method of W-J. Wang and S. Zhu, Macromolecules 2000, 33 1157, through integration of multiple signals across the whole spectral region in the 13C {1H} spectra. This method was chosen for its robust nature and ability to account for the presence of regio-defects when needed. Integral regions were slightly adjusted to increase applicability across the whole range of encountered comonomer contents.
The mole percent comonomer incorporation was calculated from the mole fraction.
The weight percent comonomer incorporation was calculated from the mole fraction.
Melting temperature (Tm) : measured with a TA Instrument Q2000 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on 5 to 7 mg samples. DSC is run according to ISO 11357 /part 3 /method C2 in a heat /cool /heat cycle with a scan rate of 10℃/min in the temperature range of -30 to +225℃. Melting temperature is determined from the second heating step.
Crystallisation temperature (Tc) : measured with a Perkin Elmer DSC 8000 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on 5 to 7 mg samples. DSC is run according to ISO 11357 /part 3 /method C2 in a heat /cool /heat cycle with a scan rate of 10℃/min in the temperature range of -30 to +225℃. Melting temperature is determined from the second heating step.
Density is measured according to ISO 1183-1 -method A (2004) . Sample preparation is done by compression moulding in accordance with ISO 1872-2: 2007.
MFR2 (230℃) is measured according to ISO 1133 (230℃, 2.16 kg load) .
MFR2 (190℃) is measured according to ISO 1133 (190℃, 2.16 kg load) .
The xylene cold solubles (XCS, wt. -%) : Content of xylene cold solubles (XCS) is determined at 25℃according to ISO 16152; first edition; 2005-07-01.
Intrinsic viscosity is measured according to DIN ISO 1628/1, October 1999 (in decalin at 135℃) .
Flexural Modulus were determined in 3-point-bending according to ISO 178 on injection molded specimens of 80 x 10 x 4 mm prepared in accordance with ISO 294-1: 1996.
Charpy Notched impact (23℃) is measured according to ISO 179.
Median particle size d50 and Cutoff particle size d95 (sedimentation analysis) is calculated from the particle size distribution [mass percent] as determined by sedimentation analysis according to ISO 13317-3.
Specific surface area BET is measured according to ISO 9277.
The scratch resistance (anti-scratch property) was measured according to ISO 7724.
Equipment:
Scratch device (Erichsen Scratch Tester 430P of Erichsen Company, Germany) .
Spectrophotometer (Spectrophotometer 600 of Data Color Ltd, USA) .
Testing step:
On the sample plate 20 scratches are formed parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction with an Erichsen Scratch Tester 430P (lattice spacing 2 mm, pressure 10 N, speed 1000 mm/min) . Then 20 scratches are formed parallel to each other in the traverse direction, perpendicular to the existing scratches with an Erichsen Scratch Tester 430P (lattice spacing 2 mm, pressure 10 N, speed 1000 mm/min) , forming a cross pattern of at least 40×40 mm.
Measurement:
The luminescence of the cross pattern is measured with a spectrophotometer in the center of the cross pattern and in all corners of the cross pattern to determine the average luminescence value L1. The unscratched plate has a luminescence value L0. The scratch resistance of the plastic sample is indicated by the luminescence difference ΔL, i.e. the difference in luminescence of the unscratched area to the scratched area (ΔL = L0-L1) . The smaller the ΔL value, the better the scratch resistance of the sample plate.
2.Examples
The present invention is illustrated by the following examples.
Heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) used for the inventive examples was prepared with one slurry loop reactor and two gas phase reactors by the knowntechnology, as disclosed in EP 0 887 379 A1.
The Ziegler-Natta catalyst used in the polymerization process of the HECO is the BCF20P catalyst of Borealis, prepared using the BNT nucleation system (Borealis Nucleation Technology) . First, 0.1 mol of MgCl2 x 3 EtOH was suspended under inert conditions in 250 ml of decane in a reactor at atmospheric pressure. The solution was cooled to the temperature of –15℃and 300 ml of cold TiCl4 was added while maintaining the temperature
at said level. Then, the temperature of the slurry was increased slowly to 20℃. At this temperature, 0.02 mol of dioctylphthalate (DOP) was added to the slurry. After the addition of the phthalate, the temperature was raised to 135℃during 90 minutes and the slurry was allowed to stand for 60 minutes. Then, another 300 ml of TiCl4 was added and the temperature was kept at 135℃for 120 minutes. After this, the catalyst was filtered from the liquid and washed six times with 300 ml heptane at 80℃. Then, the solid catalyst component was filtered and dried. Catalyst and its preparation concept is described e.g. in patent publications EP491566, EP591224 or EP586390. The catalyst was prepolymerized with vinyl cyclohexane in an amount to achieve a concentration of 200 ppm poly (vinyl cyclohexane) (PVCH) in the final polymer (see EP 1183307 A1) . As co-catalyst triethyl-aluminium (TEAL) and as donor dicyclo pentyl dimethoxy silane (D-donor) were used.
Table 1: Preparation parameters and properties of HECO
Loop | ||
TEAL/Ti | [mol/mol] | 211 |
TEAL/D donor | [mol/mol] | 20.0 |
Temperature | [℃] | 85 |
Pressure | [bar] | 55 |
H2/C3 ratio | [mol/kmol] | 23 |
MFR2 (230℃) | [g/10 min] | 110 |
XCS | [wt. -%] | 2.0 |
Split | [wt. -%] | 59 |
GPR 1 | ||
Temperature | [℃] | 85 |
Pressure | [kPa] | 24 |
H2/C3 ratio | [mol/kmol] | 150 |
MFR2 (230℃) | [g/10 min] | 100 |
XCS | [wt. -%] | 2.0 |
Split | [wt. -%] | 40 |
GPR 2 (Final) | ||
Temperature | [℃] | 75 |
Pressure | [kPa] | 20 |
H2/C2 ratio | [mol/kmol] | 150 |
C2/C3 ratio | [mol/kmol] | 475 |
MFR2 (230℃) | [g/10 min] | 38 |
XCS | [wt. -%] | 19.0 |
C2 of AM | [wt. -%] | 35 |
IV of AM | [dl/g] | 2.3 |
C2 total | [wt. -%] | 8 |
Split | [wt. -%] | 20 |
Compounding compositions of IE1-IE6 were prepared as follows:
IE1 to IE 6 are based on the recipe as summarized in Table 2 and are prepared by using a Coperion STS-35 twin-screw extruder (available from Coperion Corporation, Nanjing, China) with a diameter of 35 mm. It has a L/D of 44.
Antioxidants and UV stabilizer are premixed with PP powered and loaded into (main) feeder 3 of the extruder, heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) , propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) , e elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) are loaded into (main) feeder 1, black pigments are loaded into (main) feeder 4 and inorganic fillers (F) are loaded into (side) feeder 2 of the extruder. The compounds are fed into the twin extruder. Subsequently the compounds are heated and blended at a temperature of 165 to 230℃. The mixture obtained is extruded.
Table 2: Recipe for compositions of IE 1 to IE6
Ingredient | Unit | IE1*) | IE2*) | IE3*) | IE4*) | IE5*) | IE6*) |
HECO | [w-%] | 49 | 45 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 52 |
HPP-2 | [w-%] | 11 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 10 |
HDPE | [w-%] | 5 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 7 |
EEC | [w-%] | 9 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 5 | 6 |
Steamic | [w-%] | 21.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | |||
HTP | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | ||||
Irganox 1010 | [w-%] | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
AT-168 | [w-%] | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Cyasorb UV 3808 PP5 | [w-%] | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Crodamide VRX | [w-%] | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Carbon Black 9595 | [w-%] | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
*) rest to 100 wt. -%is PP powder used as a carrier for additive (0.8 wt. -%HC001A-B1 of Borealis for IE 1 to IE6) .
“HPP-2” is the commercial propylene homopolymer “HD915CF” of Borealis having a MFR2 of 8 g/10min (230℃/2.16 kg) .
“HDPE” is the commercial high density polyethylene “HDPE5070” of Panjin Petrochemical Corporation, Liaoning, China, having a density of 0.985 g/cm3 and a MFR2 of 6.0 g/10 min (190℃)
“EEC” is the commercial ethylene/octylene copolymer Engage 8100 of Dow Elastomers having MFR2 of 1.0 g/10min (190℃/2.16 kg) and a density of 0.870 g/cm3.
“Steamic” is the commercial talc-based mineral filler “Steamic T1 CA” of Imerys Talc, France, having d50 of 1.8 μm, d95 of 6.2 μm.
“HTP” is the commercial talc based mineral filler “HTP ultra 5” of IMI Fabi Corporation, Italy, having d50 of 0.65 μm , d95 of 2.8 μm.
“Irganox 1010” is a commercial antioxidant from BASF, China.
“AT-168” is a commercial antioxidant from BASF, China.
“Cyasorb UV 3808 PP5” is a UV stabilizer commercially available from Cytec Chemical, USA.
“Crodamide VRX” is a lubricant commercially available from Croda Chemicals Europe Ltd.
“Carbon Black 9595” is a pigment commercially available from Cabot Chemical Co. , Ltd. , Tianjin, China.
Table 3: Extruder conditions of the compounding compositions of IE1 to IE6
Temperature | IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 | IE5 | IE6 | |
zone 1 (feed port) | [℃] | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
zone 2 | [℃] | 168 | 173 | 166 | 170 | 168 | 168 |
zone 3 | [℃] | 177 | 181 | 182 | 183 | 182 | 180 |
zone 4 | [℃] | 192 | 191 | 193 | 190 | 193 | 191 |
zone 5 | [℃] | 195 | 194 | 192 | 191 | 195 | 190 |
zone 6 | [℃] | 202 | 200 | 201 | 198 | 202 | 201 |
zone 7 | [℃] | 201 | 204 | 203 | 203 | 204 | 202 |
zone 8 | [℃] | 203 | 201 | 201 | 204 | 200 | 201 |
zone 9 | [℃] | 200 | 203 | 202 | 203 | 202 | 202 |
zone 10 | [℃] | 211 | 214 | 213 | 208 | 213 | 213 |
zone 11 | [℃] | 213 | 210 | 211 | 211 | 211 | 213 |
die | [℃] | 224 | 222 | 220 | 222 | 220 | 220 |
melt temp. | [℃] | 218 | 221 | 223 | 224 | 228 | 222 |
throughput | [kg/hour] | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
screw speed | [rpm] | 580 | 580 | 580 | 580 | 580 | 580 |
torque | [%] | 49 | 50 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 |
vacuum | [MPa] | -0.5 | -0.5 | -0.5 | -0.5 | -0.5 | -0.5 |
Results
The mechanical properties of the inventive compounding composition obtained from IE1 to IE 6 are shown in Table 4 and compared with the mechanical properties of prior commercial polymer material “PPG4525A5” (CE1) of Genius, Shanghai, China.
Table 4: Properties
Property | Unit | CE1 | IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 | IE5 | IE6 |
MFR2 (230℃) | [g/10min] | 13 | 17.6 | 15.8 | 16 | 19.2 | 18.8 | 16.8 |
Flexural Modulus | [MPa] | 1830 | 2020 | 1980 | 2014 | 2010 | 2080 | 2033 |
Charpy Notched Impact Strength | [KJ/m2] | 25 | 21 | 21 | 23 | 33 | 30 | 32 |
Scratch Resistance | [ΔL] | 4.58 | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.31 | 1.03 | 0.93 | 0.95 |
Tc | [℃] | 124.4 | 128.5 | 127.2 | 128.4 | 128.6 | 128.3 | 128.9 |
The inventive compounding of IE1-IE6 show a greatly reduced ΔL compared to the prior material, which means a greatly improved scratch resistance. Meanwhile, the inventive compounding show a greatly improved Flexural Modulus, and balanced stiffness and impact. In addition, the inventive compounding show a higher Tc, which is good for a shorter cycle time in preparation.
Claims (17)
- Polypropylene composition (PP) comprising:(a) a polypropylene (PP-1) having a melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 of at least 50/10 min, preferably of at least 70 g/10 min, more preferably of at least 80 g/10min, even more preferably of at least 90 g/10 min,(b) a propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) having a melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 of less than 38 g/10 min, preferably of less than 35 g/10 min, more preferably of less than 20 g/10 min, even more preferably of less than 10 g/10 min, like in the range of 5 to 38 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 5 to 30 g/10 min, even more preferably in the range of 5 to 20 g/10 min,(c) an elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) ,(d) an elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) ,(e) a high density polyethylene (HDPE) having a melt flow rate MFR2 (190℃,2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 in the range of 1 to 50 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 1 to 20 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 3 to 10 g/10 min, and(f) an inorganic filler (F) .
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to claim 1, wherein the polypropylene composition comprises:(a) 25.0 to 43.0 wt.-%, preferably 28.0 to 43.0 wt.-%, more preferably 32.0 to 43.0 wt.-%of the polypropylene (PP-1) ,(b) 1.0 to 30.0 wt.-%, preferably 1.0 to 20.0 wt.-%, more preferably in an amount of 5.0 to 15.0 wt.-%, even more preferably in an amount of 8.0 to 15.0 wt.-%of the propylene homopolymer (HPP-2) ,(c) 1.0 to 10.0 wt.-%, preferably 5.0 to 10.0 wt.-%, preferably 6.0 to 10.0 wt.-%of the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) ,(d) 1.0 to 20.0 wt.-%, preferably 5.0 to 15.0 wt.-%, more preferably 8.0 to 12.0 wt.-%of the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin-copolymer (EEC) ,(e) 1.0 to 15.0 wt.-%, preferably 3.0 to 10.0 wt.-%of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) , and(f) 10.0 to 30.0 wt.-%, preferably 18.0 to 25.0 wt.-%, more preferably 20.0 to 25.0 wt.-%of the inorganic filler (F) ,based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PP) .
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) has a propylene content of at least 50 wt.-%.
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin copolymer (EEC) has an ethylene content of at least 50 wt.-%.
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to any of the previous claims having a melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 of at least 10 g/10 min, preferably at least 15 g/10 min, like in the range of 10 to 50 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 15 to 50 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 15 to 25 g/10 min.
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to any of the previous claims having a crystallization temperature (Tc) determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to ISO 11357-3 in the range of 105 to 150℃, preferably in the range of 120 to 140℃, even more preferably in the range of 120 to 135℃.
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the polypropylene (PP-1) forms a matrix phase of a heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) in which the elastomeric propylene ethylene copolymer (EPC) is dispersed.
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to claim 7, wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) has a xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction in the range of 10.0 to 40.0 wt.-%, preferably in the range of 10.0 to 30.0 wt.-%, more preferably in the range of 15.0 to 25.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) has a comonomer content in the range of 1.0 to 20.0 wt. %, preferably in the range of 3.0 to 15.0 wt, -%, more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 10.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) .
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to any of claims 7 to 9, wherein the xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) has an intrinsic viscosity (IV) in the range of 2.0 to 3.5, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 dl/g, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 2.5 dl/g.
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to any of claims 7 to 10, wherein the propylene copolymer (HECO) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (230℃, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 of at least 31 g/10 min, like in the range of 31 to 100 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 35 to 80 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 35 to 55 g/10 min.
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the polypropylene (PP-1) is a propylene homopolymer.
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the high density polyethylene (HDPE) has a density in the range of 0.940 to 0.970 g/cm3, preferably 0.954 to 0.962 g/cm3.
- Polypropylene composition (PP) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the elastomeric ethylene-C4 to C12 α-olefin copolymer (EEC) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (190℃, 2, 16 kg) measured according to ISO 1133 in the range of 0.5 to 15.0 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10.0 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 g/10 min
- Article comprising a polypropylene composition (PP) according to any one of the previous claims.
- Article according to claim 15, wherein the article is an automotive article, preferably an automotive interior article.
- Use of the polypropylene composition (PP) according to any one of claims 1 to 15 for the production of an automotive article, preferably an automotive interior article.
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CN201480082902.2A CN107075010B (en) | 2014-11-07 | 2014-11-07 | Polypropylene composition with improved scratch resistance, balanced impact strength and stiffness |
PCT/CN2014/090608 WO2016070416A1 (en) | 2014-11-07 | 2014-11-07 | Polypropylene composition with improved scratch resistance, balanced impact strength and stiffness |
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CN107841035A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of polypropene composition and its preparation method and application |
WO2019091885A1 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-16 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.R.L. | Compositions obtained from recycled polyolefins |
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US11370905B2 (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2022-06-28 | Borealis Ag | Polyolefin composition with improved balance of properties |
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CN107841035B (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2020-04-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Polypropylene composition and preparation method and application thereof |
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EP3812405A1 (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-04-28 | Borealis AG | Polypropylene composition with improved processability and impact strength |
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CN113980386A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 金发科技股份有限公司 | HDPE-g-GMA modified polypropylene composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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CN107075010A (en) | 2017-08-18 |
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