WO2016068266A1 - 生分解性ポリマーを用いた3次元培養方法、及び細胞移植を可能にする培養基材 - Google Patents
生分解性ポリマーを用いた3次元培養方法、及び細胞移植を可能にする培養基材 Download PDFInfo
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L2400/18—Modification of implant surfaces in order to improve biocompatibility, cell growth, fixation of biomolecules, e.g. plasma treatment
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- C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
- C12N2533/30—Synthetic polymers
- C12N2533/40—Polyhydroxyacids, e.g. polymers of glycolic or lactic acid (PGA, PLA, PLGA); Bioresorbable polymers
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- C12N2537/10—Cross-linking
Definitions
- the present invention is suitable for three-dimensional culture of cells, for example, stem cells including pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), particularly human pluripotent stem cells,
- stem cells including pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), particularly human pluripotent stem cells
- the present invention relates to a culture substrate that can be directly transplanted into a living body without detaching cells, a cell culture method using the culture substrate, a safe cell transplantation therapeutic agent obtained by the method, and the like.
- the present invention relates to a cell culture substrate in which nanofibers composed of a biodegradable polymer are coated on a support of the biodegradable polymer, and the culture substrate.
- the present invention relates to a method for maintaining and amplifying cells by dispersing them to a single cell without treatment, a cell transplantation therapeutic agent containing the culture substrate and cells cultured on
- Human pluripotent stem cells can grow indefinitely under appropriate conditions, and have the property of being able to differentiate into any cell in living tissue (multipotency), so cell transplantation therapy, drug screening, and regenerative medicine Application to various fields is expected.
- multipotency multipotency
- feeder cells and various polymers have been used as cell culture substrates.
- these methods are complicated in preparation and quality is not stable. Therefore, stable culture and supply of human pluripotent stem cells has been difficult.
- development of a high-quality, large-scale, fully automatic culture method for human pluripotent stem cells requires a more stable and inexpensive method, but such a method has not yet been established.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 culture methods using suspension culture, microbeads, etc. have been developed (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2), however, shearing stress on the cell surface due to aggregation or agitation of cell mass has become a problem, It has not been put into practical use.
- Non-patent Document 3 Non-patent Document 3
- Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5 the development of cell culture substrates using polymers such as polymers has also been reported (Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5), and although they have been commercialized, stable products can be obtained. However, it is very expensive and may not be suitable depending on the cell line. Thus, a stable and inexpensive cell culture substrate has not been prepared.
- Nanofibers are ultrafine fibers with a fiber diameter on the order of nanometers, and the structure composed of nanofibers is similar in size to the extracellular matrix, and the cell adhesion is improved by increasing the specific surface area. Since there are advantages such as being possible, a nanofiber made of a synthetic polymer (Non-patent Document 6) or a mixture of a synthetic polymer and a biopolymer such as collagen or gelatin (Non-Patent Documents 6 and 7) is produced. However, it has been reported that human ES cells cannot be maintained and grown in a culture system that does not use feeder cells (Non-patent Document 7).
- the present inventors have focused on using a biomaterial that is highly biocompatible and inexpensive as a substrate for culturing human pluripotent stem cells, and using electrospinning to convert the biomaterial into nanofibers.
- Patent Document 1 Human pluripotent stem cells cultured on the nanofiber substrate showed excellent growth comparable to culture on Matrigel.
- cells can be dispersed into a single cell with only a slight pipetting operation without performing enzyme treatment. It became clear that death was remarkably suppressed.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a novel culture substrate suitable for three-dimensional mass culture that can stably supply a large amount of cells including human pluripotent stem cells.
- the second object of the present invention is a safe cell transplantation therapy comprising a culture substrate that can be directly transplanted into a living body without peeling off the cells, and the culture substrate and transplanted cells cultured on the substrate. Is to provide an agent.
- the present inventors have made a culture substrate (“fiber”) in which a biopolymer nanofiber is applied to a microfiber support such as gauze or sponge made of a biocompatible material such as cotton.
- a culture substrate such as gauze or sponge made of a biocompatible material such as cotton.
- On-fiber PCT / JP2014 / 064789.
- Fiber-on-fiber can be folded and used because its shape can be changed flexibly.
- gauze, sponge, etc. are more porous than glass / plastic substrates, etc., when the fiber-on-fiber is immersed in the culture solution, the culture solution will naturally permeate so that the culture solution to the cells Supply will be improved.
- the fiber-on-fiber is flexible in shape, it is not necessary to select a container, and it can be cultured in any container as long as the cells reach nutrients, and stem cells such as pluripotent stem cells can be used. It is possible to culture a desired cell including a large amount easily.
- fiber-on-fiber consisting of gelatin nanofibers formed on a cotton gauze support, cell growth per unit area of human ES cells is higher than that of gelatin nanofibers formed on matrigel or glass support. It was a little inferior. The fiber-on-fiber could not be used for cell transplantation as it was.
- the present inventors used a biodegradable polymer such as polyglycolic acid (PGA) instead of a material such as cotton as a microfiber support, and also biodegraded such as gelatin and PGA on the support.
- PGA polyglycolic acid
- a fiber-on-fiber substrate coated with nanofibers composed of a hydrophilic polymer was prepared, and human pluripotent stem cells were cultured.
- the biodegradable fiber-on-fiber surprisingly proliferates human pluripotent stem cells per unit area compared to fiber-on-fiber comprising conventional non-biodegradable microfibers. The rate was increased significantly.
- the present invention is as follows.
- a substrate for cell culture comprising nanofibers made of a biodegradable polymer on a support made of a biodegradable polymer.
- the base material according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the biodegradable polymer constituting the support is a synthetic polymer.
- the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyester, polycarbonate and a copolymer thereof, polyanhydride and a copolymer thereof, polyorthoester, and polyphosphazene.
- the stem cells are pluripotent stem cells.
- the pluripotent stem cells are ES cells or iPS cells.
- the pluripotent stem cell is derived from a human.
- the culture is a maintenance amplification culture of cells.
- the culture is pluripotent stem cell differentiation induction culture.
- [16] A method for culturing cells, comprising seeding cells on the substrate according to any one of [1] to [9] above, and culturing the cells stationary.
- Cells are dissociated from the substrate using a dissociation solution that does not contain an enzyme, the cells are seeded on the substrate according to any one of [1] to [9] above, and the cells are further allowed to stand.
- the method according to [16] above which is cultured.
- [18] The method described in [17] above, wherein the cells are dispersed into single cells at the time of passage.
- the method according to any one of [16] to [18] above, wherein the cells are cultured in a xeno-free medium.
- the medium is a protein-free medium.
- the cell is a stem cell.
- the stem cell is a pluripotent stem cell.
- the pluripotent stem cells are ES cells or iPS cells.
- the pluripotent stem cell is derived from a human.
- the culture is a maintenance amplification culture of cells.
- the culture substrate of the present invention Since the culture substrate of the present invention has high physical strength and is flexible in shape, three-dimensional culture is possible, and a large amount of cells can be supplied while realizing space saving. In addition, since the culture substrate of the present invention is highly biocompatible and inexpensive, stable supply is facilitated. Furthermore, since the shape of the culture substrate of the present invention can be easily changed, it can be stored frozen regardless of the container. Moreover, since the culture substrate of the present invention is composed of a biodegradable polymer, cell transplantation is possible as it is. Such a culture substrate capable of mass culture and cell transplantation can greatly contribute to the development of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and cell transplantation therapy.
- the left panel is a photo of bright field observation and the middle panel is a photograph of nuclear staining with DAPI.
- nerve a neuroepithelium (ectodermal), a cartilage (mesoderm), an intestinal-like epithelium (endoderm)
- nerve a neuroepithelium (ectodermal), a cartilage (mesoderm), an intestinal-like epithelium (endoderm)
- a cell culture substrate comprising nanofibers made of a biodegradable polymer on a support made of a biodegradable polymer (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as the culture substrate of the present invention). )I will provide a.
- the cell to which the culture substrate of the present invention is applicable is not particularly limited, and can be any cell that can be statically cultured (for example, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, muscle cells, fibroblasts (skin cells, etc.)) Hair cells, hepatocytes, gastric mucosa cells, intestinal cells, spleen cells, pancreatic cells (pancreatic exocrine cells, etc.), differentiated cells such as brain cells, lung cells, kidney cells, fat cells, undifferentiated tissue precursor cells and Stem cells).
- statically cultured for example, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, muscle cells, fibroblasts (skin cells, etc.)
- Hair cells for example, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, muscle cells, fibroblasts (skin cells, etc.)
- Hair cells for example, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, muscle cells, fibroblasts (skin cells
- stem cells may be mentioned.
- Stem cells are not particularly limited as long as they have the ability to differentiate into self-replicating cells and other types of cells (other than stem cells), and are pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into all three germ layers, generally beyond germ layers It can be applied to both pluripotent stem cells that cannot be differentiated but can be differentiated into various cell tumors, and unipotent stem cells that are limited to one type of differentiateable cell tumor.
- the pluripotent stem cell is not particularly limited as long as it is an undifferentiated cell having ⁇ self-renewal ability '' that can proliferate while maintaining an undifferentiated state and ⁇ differentiated pluripotency '' that can differentiate into all three germ layers.
- the ES cell may be a nuclear transplanted ES (ntES) cell produced by nuclear reprogramming from a somatic cell. ES cells or iPS cells are preferred.
- stem cells having multipotency include, but are not limited to, neural stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, hepatic stem cells, pancreatic stem cells, skin stem cells, and the like.
- unipotent stem cells include, but are not limited to, muscle stem cells, reproductive stem cells, and dental pulp stem cells.
- the cells cultured by the method of the present invention are differentiated cells, tissue progenitor cells, pluripotent stem cells, or unipotent stem cells
- these cells can be obtained by any known method according to any method in which they exist. It can be isolated from mammalian tissue. The isolated cells can be applied as they are as primary cultured cells, or can be applied after maintenance culture by a method known per se. Moreover, various cell lines obtained by immortalizing these cultured cells can also be used.
- the method of the present invention can be applied in any mammal in which any pluripotent stem cell is established or can be established, for example, human, Examples include mouse, monkey, pig, rat, dog and the like, preferably human or mouse, more preferably human.
- the preparation method of various pluripotent stem cells is demonstrated concretely below, the other well-known method can also be used without a restriction
- ES cells can be established by taking an inner cell mass from a blastocyst of a fertilized egg of a target animal and culturing the inner cell mass on a fibroblast feeder. In addition, maintenance of cells by subculture is performed using a culture solution to which substances such as leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)) are added. It can be carried out.
- LIF leukemia inhibitory factor
- bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor
- a culture solution for ES cell production for example, DMEM / F-12 culture solution supplemented with 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acid, 2 mM L-glutamic acid, 20% KSR and 4 ng / mL bFGF (Alternatively, human ES cells can be maintained in a humid atmosphere of 37 ° C, 2% CO 2 /98% air using a synthetic medium (mTeSR, Stem Pro, etc.) (O. Fumitaka et al. (2008) Nat. Biotechnol., 26: 215-224).
- ES cells also need to be passaged every 3-4 days, where passage is eg 0.25% trypsin and 0.1 mg / mL collagenase in PBS containing 1 mM CaCl 2 and 20% KSR. Can be performed using IV.
- ES cells can be generally selected by Real-Time PCR using the expression of gene markers such as alkaline phosphatase, Oct-3 / 4, Nanog as an index.
- gene markers such as alkaline phosphatase, Oct-3 / 4, Nanog
- OCT-3 / 4, NANOG, and ECAD can be used as an index (E. Kroon et al. (2008), Nat. Biotechnol., 26: 443). -452).
- Human ES cell lines for example, WA01 (H1) and WA09 (H9) are obtained from the WiCell Research Institute, and KhES-1, KhES-2 and KhES-3 are obtained from the Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Kyoto University (Kyoto, Japan) Is possible.
- sperm stem cells are testis-derived pluripotent stem cells that are the origin of sperm formation. Like ES cells, these cells can be induced to differentiate into various types of cells.For example, when transplanted into a mouse blastocyst, a chimeric mouse can be produced (M. Kanatsu-Shinohara et al. ( 2003) Biol. Reprod., 69: 612-616; K. Shinohara et al. (2004), Cell, 119: 1001-1012).
- Spermatozoa can replicate in culture medium containing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and repeat passages under the same culture conditions as ES cells. Stem cells can be obtained (Masatake Takebayashi et al. (2008), Experimental Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 5 (extra number), 41-46, Yodosha (Tokyo, Japan)).
- GDNF glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
- Embryonic germ cells are cells that are established from embryonic primordial germ cells and have the same pluripotency as ES cells, and they are primitive in the presence of substances such as LIF, bFGF, and stem cell factor. It can be established by culturing germ cells (Y. Matsui et al. (1992), Cell 70: 841-847; JL Resnick et al. (1992), Nature, 359: 550-551).
- iPS cells can be created by introducing specific reprogramming factors into somatic cells in the form of DNA or protein, such as almost the same characteristics as ES cells, such as differentiation pluripotency And an artificial stem cell derived from a somatic cell having proliferation ability by self-replication (K. Takahashi and S. Yamanaka (2006) Cell, 126: 663-676; K. Takahashi et al. (2007), Cell, 131) : 861-872; J. Yu et al. (2007), Science, 318: 1917-1920; Nakagawa, M. et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 26: 101-106 (2008); WO 2007/069666).
- the reprogramming factor is a gene that is specifically expressed in ES cells, its gene product or non-coding RNA, a gene that plays an important role in maintaining undifferentiation of ES cells, its gene product or non-coding RNA, or It may be constituted by a low molecular compound.
- genes included in the reprogramming factor include Oct3 / 4, Sox2, Sox1, Sox3, Sox15, Sox17, Klf4, Klf2, c-Myc, N-Myc, L-Myc, Nanog, Lin28, Fbx15, ERas, ECAT15 -2, Tcl1, beta-catenin, Lin28b, Sall1, Sall4, Esrrb, Nr5a2, Tbx3 or Glis1 etc. are exemplified, and these reprogramming factors may be used alone or in combination.
- the reprogramming factors include histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors [for example, small molecule inhibitors such as valproate (VPA), trichostatin A, sodium butyrate, MC 1293, M344, siRNA and shRNA against HDAC (eg Nucleic acid expression inhibitors such as HDAC1DACsiRNA Smartpool (registered trademark) (Millipore), HuSH 29 mer shRNA Constructs against HDAC1 etc.], MEK inhibitors (eg, PD184352, PD98059, U0126, SL327 and PD0325901) , Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors (eg, Bio and CHIR99021), DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (eg, 5-azacytidine), histone methyltransferase inhibitors (eg, small molecule inhibitors such as BIX-01294, Suv39hl, Suv39h2 , Nucleic acid expression inhibitors such as siRNA and
- the reprogramming factor may be introduced into a somatic cell by a technique such as lipofection, fusion with a cell membrane-permeable peptide (for example, HIV-derived TAT and polyarginine), or microinjection.
- a cell membrane-permeable peptide for example, HIV-derived TAT and polyarginine
- Virus vectors include retrovirus vectors, lentivirus vectors (cell, 126, pp.663-676, 2006; Cell, 131, pp.861-872, 2007; Science, 318, pp.1917-1920, 2007 ), Adenovirus vectors (Science, 322, 945-949, 2008), adeno-associated virus vectors, Sendai virus vectors (WO 2010/008054) and the like.
- artificial chromosome vectors examples include human artificial chromosomes (HAC), yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC), and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC, PAC).
- HAC human artificial chromosomes
- YAC yeast artificial chromosomes
- BAC bacterial artificial chromosomes
- a plasmid a plasmid for mammalian cells can be used (Science, 322: 949-953, 2008).
- the vector can contain regulatory sequences such as a promoter, an enhancer, a ribosome binding sequence, a terminator, a polyadenylation site, etc., so that a nuclear reprogramming substance can be expressed.
- Selectable marker sequences such as kanamycin resistance gene, ampicillin resistance gene, puromycin resistance gene, thymidine kinase gene, diphtheria toxin gene, reporter gene sequences such as green fluorescent protein (GFP), ⁇ -glucuronidase (GUS), FLAG, etc.
- GFP green fluorescent protein
- GUS ⁇ -glucuronidase
- FLAG FLAG
- the above vector has a LoxP sequence before and after the introduction of the gene into a somatic cell in order to excise the gene or promoter encoding the reprogramming factor and the gene encoding the reprogramming factor that binds to it. May be.
- RNA it may be introduced into somatic cells by techniques such as lipofection and microinjection, and in order to suppress degradation, RNA incorporating 5-methylcytidine and pseudouridine® (TriLink® Biotechnologies) is used. Yes (Warren L, (2010) Cell Stem Cell. 7: 618-630).
- a culture solution for inducing iPS cells for example, DMEM, DMEM / F12 or DME culture solution containing 10-15% FBS (in addition to these culture solutions, LIF, penicillin / streptomycin, puromycin, L-glutamine) , Non-essential amino acids, ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, etc.) or a commercially available culture medium [eg, culture medium for mouse ES cell culture (TX-WES culture medium, Thrombo X), primate ES cells Medium for culture (primate ES / iPS cell culture medium, Reprocell), serum-free medium (mTeSR, Stemcell Technology, etc.) and the like.
- a culture medium for mouse ES cell culture TX-WES culture medium, Thrombo X
- primate ES cells Medium for culture primaryate ES / iPS cell culture medium, Reprocell
- serum-free medium mTeSR, Stemcell Technology, etc.
- the somatic cell is brought into contact with the reprogramming factor on DMEM or DMEM / F12 containing 10% FBS for about 4 to 7 days. Then, re-spread the cells on feeder cells (eg, mitomycin C-treated STO cells, SNL cells, etc.), and use bFGF-containing primate ES cell culture medium about 10 days after contact of the somatic cells with the reprogramming factor. Culturing and generating iPS-like colonies about 30 to about 45 days or more after the contact.
- feeder cells eg, mitomycin C-treated STO cells, SNL cells, etc.
- 10% FBS-containing DMEM culture medium including LIF, penicillin / streptomycin, etc.
- feeder cells eg, mitomycin C-treated STO cells, SNL cells, etc.
- 5% CO 2 at 37 ° C. can be suitably included with puromycin, L-glutamine, non-essential amino acids, ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, etc.
- somatic cells to be initialized themselves are used (Takahashi K, et al. (2009), PLoS One. 4: e8067 or WO2010 / 137746), or an extracellular matrix (for example, Laminin ( WO2009 / 123349) and Matrigel (BD)) are exemplified.
- iPS cells may be established under hypoxic conditions (oxygen concentration of 0.1% or more and 15% or less) (Yoshida Y, et al. (2009), Cell Stem Cell. 5: 237 -241 or WO2010 / 013845).
- hypoxic conditions oxygen concentration of 0.1% or more and 15% or less
- the culture medium is exchanged with a fresh culture medium once a day from the second day onward.
- the number of somatic cells used for nuclear reprogramming is not limited, but ranges from about 5 ⁇ 10 3 to about 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells per 100 cm 2 of culture dish.
- IPS cells can be selected according to the shape of the formed colonies.
- a drug resistance gene that is expressed in conjunction with a gene that is expressed when somatic cells are initialized for example, Oct3 / 4, Nanog
- a culture solution containing the corresponding drug selection The established iPS cells can be selected by culturing with the culture medium.
- the marker gene is a fluorescent protein gene
- iPS cells are selected by observing with a fluorescence microscope, in the case of a luminescent enzyme gene, by adding a luminescent substrate, and in the case of a chromogenic enzyme gene, by adding a chromogenic substrate can do.
- ES cells derived from cloned embryos obtained by nuclear transfer have almost the same characteristics as ES cells derived from fertilized eggs (T. Wakayama et al. (2001), Science, 292: 740). -743; S. Wakayama et al. (2005), Biol. Reprod., 72: 932-936; J. Byrne et al. (2007), Nature, 450: 497-502).
- an ES cell established from an inner cell mass of a blastocyst derived from a cloned embryo obtained by replacing the nucleus of an unfertilized egg with a nucleus of a somatic cell is an nt ES (nuclear transfer ES) cell.
- nt ES nuclear transfer ES
- nuclear transfer technology JB Cibelli et al. (1998), Nature Biotechnol., 16: 642-646) and ES cell production technology (above) is used (Wakayama). Seika et al. (2008), Experimental Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 5 (extra number), pp. 47-52).
- Nuclear transfer can be initialized by injecting a somatic cell nucleus into a mammal's enucleated unfertilized egg and culturing for several hours.
- Multilineage-differentiating Stress Enduring cells are pluripotent stem cells produced by the method described in WO2011 / 007900. Specifically, fibroblasts or bone marrow stromal cells are treated with trypsin for a long time. Preferably, it is a pluripotent cell obtained by trypsin treatment for 8 hours or 16 hours and then suspension culture, and is positive for SSEA-3 and CD105.
- the biodegradable polymer constituting the support is biocompatible and is retained on the culture substrate of the present invention and the substrate. After transplanting a cell transplantation agent containing cells into the target organism, it will degrade and disappear after maintaining the function as a support for the period necessary for the transplanted cell population to maintain a functional three-dimensional structure Is not particularly limited, for example, polyester (eg, polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and copolymer of PGA.
- polyester eg, polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and copolymer of PGA.
- Polymers block copolymers of PCL and glycotide, lactide, PEG, polydioxanone (PDS), polypropylene fumarate (PPF), polycarbonate (PTMC) and copolymers thereof (eg PTMC, trimethylene carbonate and group) Cosides, trimethylene carbonates, terpolymers of glycosides and dioxane, etc.), polyanhydrides and their copolymers (eg, melt polycondensates of aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids, polyanhydrides) Synthetic polymers such as polyorthoesters (POE) (eg, POE I-IV), polyphosphazenes (PPZ), proteins (eg, gelatin, collagen, laminin, fibroin, keratin, etc.) ), Polysaccharides (eg, agarose, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, chitin, chitosan, etc.) natural polymers.
- PEG polyd
- a cell transplantation therapeutic agent it is preferably not derived from a heterologous animal for the transplant subject, more preferably a synthetic polymer. More preferred are polyesters such as PGA, PLA, and PLGA, and particularly preferred is PGA.
- the synthetic polymer can be produced by a method known per se. For example, in the case of PGA, it can be obtained by ring-opening polymerization of glycolide using, for example, tin octylate as a catalyst. PLA can also be obtained by ring-opening polymerization of lactide using tin octylate or the like as a catalyst. PLGA can be obtained by ring-opening copolymerization of lactide and glycolide. These synthetic polymers are commercially available. In addition, the above natural polymers can be isolated and purified from natural products that produce them by methods known per se. When the natural polymer is a protein, it is desirable to use a recombinant protein.
- the support made of a biodegradable polymer is preferably flexible and strong.
- the type of the support is not particularly limited, but preferable supports include fiber structures (fabrics) such as nonwoven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and fabrics, porous scaffold materials, composite materials of fiber structures and porous bodies, and the like. .
- a fiber structure is more preferable, and a nonwoven fabric is more preferable.
- the non-woven fabric is a fabric formed without knitting, and can be manufactured by a melt blow method in which a melted polymer is blown as a fine fiber by air blow, an electrospinning method, or the like.
- a knitted fabric is a structure in which a single fiber is knitted while forming a loop, but a warp knitted mesh knitted from a plurality of yarns or the like is also used.
- a woven fabric is one in which warp and weft are alternately crossed, and examples thereof include gauze.
- the above biodegradable polymer can be obtained by freeze drying, emulsion freeze drying, phase separation, porogen leaching, high pressure gas foaming, three-dimensional modeling, electrospinning, etc. The thing made into the porous body is mentioned.
- porous materials such as collagen sponges are introduced into the gaps of synthetic polymer fiber structures such as PLA and PGA (eg, knit mesh, braids, etc.) Is mentioned.
- the culture substrate of the present invention has a PGA nonwoven fabric as a support.
- the fibers constituting the support may have a fiber diameter of 1-100 ⁇ m, preferably 2-10 ⁇ m, more preferably 2-5 ⁇ m.
- the pore size of the support is determined based on the culture state of cells cultured on the culture substrate of the present invention (for example, cell maintenance, amplification, There is no particular limitation as long as it does not adversely affect differentiation, dedifferentiation, etc., preferably maintenance / amplification of stem cells, particularly pluripotent stem cells such as human ES cells or iPS cells).
- the pore size of the support can be quite uneven within the range of 5-500 ⁇ m, preferably 10-100 ⁇ m.
- the support is a fiber structure having a constant fiber orientation such as a knitted fabric, the pore diameter of the support can be more uniform.
- the thickness of the support is also the culture state of the cells cultured on the culture substrate of the present invention (for example, depending on the purpose, cell maintenance, amplification, differentiation, dedifferentiation, etc., preferably stem cells, particularly human ES cells or maintenance or amplification of pluripotent stem cells such as iPS cells) is not particularly limited as long as it does not adversely affect, for example, 1 ⁇ m-3 mm, preferably 10 ⁇ m-1 mm, more preferably 50-200 ⁇ m If it is.
- Nanofibers made of biodegradable polymer The biodegradable polymer used for the nanofiber of the culture substrate of the present invention is the same as those exemplified for the biodegradable polymer used for the support. be able to. Preferably, it is not derived from a heterogeneous animal for the transplant subject, more preferably a synthetic polymer, but gelatin, which is a processed natural polymer obtained by chemically treating collagen, is also a preferred one of the present invention. This is an embodiment. Gelatin is mainly produced from cow bone, cow skin, and pig skin, but it may be made from fish skin and scales such as salmon, and its origin is not particularly limited. Methods for extracting and purifying gelatin from these raw materials are well known.
- the synthetic polymer is preferably polyester such as PGA, PLA, PLGA, and particularly preferably PGA. These synthetic polymers can be produced as described above and are commercially available. Note that the biodegradable polymer constituting the nanofiber and the biodegradable polymer constituting the support may be the same polymer or different polymers.
- the molecular weight of the biodegradable polymer is not particularly limited, but if the molecular weight is small, nanofibers may not be formed by the electrospinning method.
- 10 kDa or more preferably 20-70 kDa, more preferably It can be appropriately selected within the range of 30-40 kDa.
- the method of producing nanofibers from these biodegradable polymers is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include electrospinning, dry spinning, conjugate melt spinning, and meltblowing.
- An electrospinning method with wide applicability is preferably used.
- the biodegradable polymer is dissolved in a suitable solvent.
- any solvent can be used regardless of whether it is an inorganic solvent or an organic solvent as long as it can dissolve the biodegradable polymer to be used.
- acetic acid is used in the production of gelatin nanofibers.
- Formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like can be preferably used.
- HFIP 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol
- 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol etc.
- HFIP 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol
- methylene chloride, chloroform, HFIP, etc. can be used in the production of nanofibers made of synthetic polymers such as PGA, PLA, PGLA, PCL.
- concentration of the biodegradable polymer solution is not particularly limited, but in order to obtain a preferable fiber diameter and uniformity, for example, when using an acetic acid solution of gelatin, 5-15 w / v%, preferably 8-12 It is desirable to use in the concentration range of w / v%.
- HFIP solution of PGA it is desirable to use in the concentration range of 1-10 w / w%, preferably 3-8 w / w%. .
- the electrospinning method can be carried out according to a method known per se.
- the principle of the electrospinning method is to spray the material with electric force to form nano-sized fibers.
- a biopolymer solution is filled in a syringe, and a syringe pump is connected to a tip provided with a nozzle such as an injection needle to give a flow rate.
- a collector that collects nanofibers at an appropriate distance from the nozzle (a flat plate or a take-up type can be used.
- a support described later is placed on a flat collector and the nanofiber is directly placed on the support.
- a fiber can be formed to form the culture substrate of the present invention), and the positive electrode of the power source is connected to the nozzle side and the negative electrode is connected to the collector side.
- Nanofibers By turning on the power of the syringe pump and applying a voltage, the biopolymer is jetted onto the collector to form nanofibers.
- the fiber form and the fiber diameter vary depending on the voltage, the distance from the nozzle to the collector, the inner diameter of the nozzle, etc., but those skilled in the art can appropriately select these to have a desired fiber diameter and be uniform.
- Nanofibers can be produced. For example, various conditions used in examples described later can be employed, and the conditions described in Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5 described above can be used as appropriate.
- the nanofibers produced as described above may have a fiber diameter of 50-5000 nm, preferably 150-1000 nm, more preferably 150-500 nm, and still more preferably 150-400 nm.
- the thickness of the nanofiber is determined depending on the culture state of the cells cultured on the culture substrate of the present invention (for example, depending on the purpose, cell maintenance, amplification, differentiation, dedifferentiation, etc., preferably stem cells, particularly humans) There is no particular limitation as long as it does not adversely affect the maintenance / amplification of pluripotent stem cells such as ES cells or iPS cells). For example, if it has a thickness of 100-1000 nm, preferably 150-700 nm Good.
- the produced nanofiber is preferably crosslinked using an appropriate crosslinking agent.
- the type of the crosslinking agent is not particularly limited, but preferred crosslinking agents include water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and the like. Two or more kinds of crosslinking agents may be mixed and used.
- the crosslinking treatment can be performed, for example, by dissolving a crosslinking agent in an appropriate solvent and immersing the nanofibers obtained in the crosslinking agent solution. A person skilled in the art can appropriately set the solution concentration and the crosslinking treatment time according to the type of the crosslinking agent.
- the cross-linking treatment simultaneously imparts the functional peptide onto the nanofiber substrate. It is also useful in terms.
- Fiber-on-fiber The nanofibers produced as described above are coated on a support, whereby the culture substrate of the present invention (a typical support in the culture substrate is a microfiber. Therefore, in the present specification, what is constituted by a support other than the fiber structure may be collectively referred to as “fiber-on-fiber”).
- the method of coating is not limited as long as the nanofibers are uniformly coated on the support, but a method of forming nanofibers on the support by an electrospinning method that is simple and has wide applicability is preferably used.
- the thickness of the fiber-on-fiber is determined depending on the culture state of the cells cultured on the culture substrate of the present invention (for example, depending on the purpose, maintenance, amplification, differentiation, dedifferentiation, etc., preferably stem cells, particularly humans) There is no particular limitation as long as it does not adversely affect the maintenance and amplification of pluripotent stem cells such as ES cells or iPS cells, but the nanofiber thickness is sufficiently small relative to the thickness of the support and should be ignored. Therefore, the fiber-on-fiber may have a thickness of, for example, 1 ⁇ m-3 mm, preferably 10 ⁇ m-1 mm, more preferably 50-200 ⁇ m.
- the culture of the present invention comprising nanofibers made of biodegradable polymer on a support made of biodegradable polymer thus obtained.
- the substrate (fiber-on-fiber substrate) is used for culturing various cells including stem cells such as pluripotent stem cells (for example, maintenance amplification culture, differentiation induction culture, dedifferentiation induction culture, etc.).
- stem cells such as pluripotent stem cells (for example, maintenance amplification culture, differentiation induction culture, dedifferentiation induction culture, etc.).
- pluripotent stem cells for example, maintenance amplification culture, differentiation induction culture, dedifferentiation induction culture, etc.
- the present invention also provides a method for culturing the cells by seeding the cells, preferably stem cells, more preferably pluripotent stem cells on the culture substrate of the present invention, and culturing the cells stationary. .
- the present invention will be described more specifically by taking a method for maintaining and culturing pluripotent stem cells as an example, but when differentiation induction from pluripotent stem cells or other stem cells to various differentiated cells, tissue precursor cells or In the case where tissue stem cells or differentiated cells are dedifferentiated to a more undifferentiated state, or other stem cells, tissue precursor cells or differentiated cells are maintained and amplified, conventional methods are used respectively.
- tissue stem cells or differentiated cells are dedifferentiated to a more undifferentiated state, or other stem cells, tissue precursor cells or differentiated cells are maintained and amplified.
- pluripotent stem cells that have been established and adhered and cultured on a matrix such as feeder cells, Matrigel, collagen, etc. are dissociated by enzyme treatment, and preferably a ROCK inhibitor (for example, Y- 27632 and the like can be used in the same manner as described above as a culture medium for pluripotent stem cells in I.
- a serum-free medium more preferably a pluripotent culture
- a stem cell is a medium that does not contain a protein derived from a different animal (Xeno-free), more preferably a medium that does not contain a protein such as serum albumin or bFGF is used, and is suspended in a culture vessel (eg, a dish).
- the culture substrate Prior to seeding of pluripotent stem cells, the culture substrate is preferably impregnated with a medium having the same composition as the above medium (no ROCK inhibitor is required) and pre-incubated under the same conditions as in the main culture. .
- the medium is preferably removed from the culture vessel, replaced with a fresh medium (preferably containing a ROCK inhibitor), and cultured for 1 day.
- a fresh medium preferably containing a ROCK inhibitor
- the culture is performed, for example, in a CO 2 incubator under an atmosphere having a CO 2 concentration of about 1 to about 10%, preferably about 2 to about 5%, at about 30 to about 40 ° C., preferably about 37 ° C. It is desirable to replace the medium with no ROCK inhibitor the next day, and thereafter replace with a fresh medium every 1-2 days.
- the culture is performed for 1-7 days, preferably 3-6 days, more preferably 4-5 days.
- the present invention also dissociates cells (eg, stem cells such as pluripotent stem cells) from a substrate using a dissociation solution that does not contain an enzyme, and reseeds the cells on the culture substrate of the present invention.
- a method for culturing the cell for example, a maintenance amplification method
- Human pluripotent stem cells may be subcultured as a cell mass of a certain size because there is a problem that cell death tends to occur when they are made into single cells by the conventional subculture method.
- a culture substrate When a culture substrate is used, cells can be easily dissociated from the substrate using a dissociation solution that does not contain an enzyme, and can be dispersed to a single cell by a slight pipetting operation.
- the form of the base material is maintained, so that it becomes easier to separate the base material and the cells.
- a dissociation solution conventionally used in mechanically dissociating cells can be used in the same manner, and examples thereof include Hank's solution and a solution in which citric acid and EDTA are combined. It is done.
- a notable point of the present invention is that when human pluripotent stem cells are dispersed into single cells, the rate of cell death is significantly suppressed in single-cell pluripotent stem cells. It is done. This is because a more uniform cell population of human pluripotent stem cells can be prepared. Therefore, the present invention also suppresses cell death by dispersing pluripotent stem cells into single cells without performing enzyme treatment at the time of subculture using the culture substrate of the present invention.
- a method for maintaining and amplifying pluripotent stem cells is provided. In order to disperse the cells dissociated from the substrate into single cells, it is only necessary to gently pipette the cells about 10 times in a medium containing a ROCK inhibitor.
- Stem cells are expected to be applied to transplantation medicine and the like. Therefore, in order to enable safe transplantation, it is necessary to avoid contamination of viruses and other contaminants harmful to the human body as much as possible. Therefore, particularly in the maintenance amplification culture of human stem cells, it is desired to use a serum-free medium, more preferably a xeno-free medium containing no xenogeneic component, and more preferably a protein-free medium. If subculture is continued using the culture substrate of the present invention, a growth efficiency comparable to that of a serum-containing medium or the like can be obtained in any of these media.
- examples of serum-free medium include mTeSR medium containing recombinant animal protein
- examples of xeno-free medium include TeSR2 medium containing human serum albumin and human bFGF as examples of protein-free medium.
- E8 medium respectively.
- the pluripotent stem cells dissociated from the culture substrate of the present invention are subcultured from the adherent culture using the feeder cells and the like according to the present invention.
- the cell density is about 0.5 ⁇ 10 4 to about 10 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 , preferably about 2 ⁇ 10 4 to about 6 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2. Sow on a new culture substrate.
- this culture substrate is also impregnated with a medium having the same composition as the main culture (ROCK inhibitor is not required) prior to seeding with pluripotent stem cells, and preincubated under the same conditions as in the main culture. It is desirable to keep it.
- the medium is preferably removed from the culture vessel, replaced with a fresh medium (preferably containing a ROCK inhibitor), and cultured for 1 day.
- a fresh medium preferably containing a ROCK inhibitor
- the culture is performed, for example, in a CO 2 incubator under an atmosphere having a CO 2 concentration of about 1 to about 10%, preferably about 2 to about 5%, at about 30 to about 40 ° C., preferably about 37 ° C. It is desirable to replace the medium with no ROCK inhibitor the next day, and thereafter replace with a fresh medium every 1-2 days.
- the culture is performed for 1-7 days, preferably 3-6 days, more preferably 4-5 days.
- pluripotent stem cells can be maintained and amplified with extremely good proliferation efficiency in a state where pluripotency and normal traits are maintained over a long period of time.
- the proliferation efficiency when human pluripotent stem cells are continuously cultured the proliferation rate reaches 10 times every 5 days. This growth rate is much better than the five-fold increase in the previously published paper on dispersed culture of human pluripotent stem cells. It is also superior to the conventional manual adhesion culture method (about 4 times every 4 days or about 3 times every 3 days) at the laboratory level. In this way, it is possible to stably amplify high-quality pluripotent stem cells in large quantities, and supply a sufficient amount of pluripotent stem cells as a source of differentiated cells for cell transplantation therapy and drug screening Can do.
- Cells cultured on a fiber-on-fiber base material can be cryopreserved by inserting the base material into a container.
- the container only needs to be suitable for freezing, and is not limited in capacity, shape (tube, bag, ampoule, vial, etc.).
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately select a suitable container.
- those skilled in the art can change the shape of the substrate after culturing with tweezers and insert it into the container.
- the solution may be any solution that can protect cells under freezing.
- commercial products such as mFreSR (Veritas), cryopreservation solution for primate ES cells (Reprocell), CRYO-GOLD Human ESC / iPSC Cryopreservation Medium (System Bioscience), Cell Banker 3 (Juji Field), etc. You can also
- the culture substrate of the present invention is biocompatible and biodegradable, cells cultured on the substrate without detachment Can be transplanted into the living body of animals including humans together with the base material.
- the human pluripotent stem cells maintained and amplified as described above are induced to differentiate into desired somatic cells on the substrate by exchanging the medium with various differentiation induction media. be able to.
- JP 2002-291469 as a method of inducing differentiation into pancreatic stem-like cells, JP 2004-121165, as a method of inducing differentiation into hematopoietic cells, JP 2003-291165-A
- the method described in 505006 is exemplified.
- examples of the differentiation induction method by the formation of embryoid body include the method described in JP-T-2003-523766.
- the somatic cells induced to differentiate in this way can be transplanted into a subject in the same manner as a conventionally known transplantation method using a carrier such as a hydrogel without peeling, for example.
- Example 1 Preparation of fiber-on-fiber (1) Material Gelatin solution / gelatin (SIGMA G2625 MW: 30 kDa) ⁇ Glacial acetic acid (AA; SIGMA P-338826) ⁇ Anhydrous ethyl acetate (EA; SIGMA P270989) Cross-linking buffer / water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC; DOJINDO Catalog 344-03633) ⁇ N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS; SIGMA Catalog56480) ⁇ 99.5% ethanol (Wako) Gauze BEMCOT (registered trademark) S-2 (Asahi Kasei) Culture cover glass 25mm ⁇ and 32mm ⁇ Silicon wafer vacuum pump (vacuum pump) Nipro brand needle 23Gx1 1/4 ”high voltage power supply without cutting edge (TECHDEMPAZ Japan)
- PGA non-woven fabric Preparation of PGA non-woven fabric According to the method described in Examples 1 and 2 of JP 2014-083106, polyglycolide was used as a bioabsorbable material, and a non-woven fabric was prepared by a melt blow method using a general-purpose small extruder with a screw diameter of 20 mm. . The inside of the hopper was purged with nitrogen gas, spinning was performed under hot air, and the discharge amount and the speed of the belt conveyor were adjusted to obtain a nonwoven fabric. The obtained PGA nonwoven fabric had a fiber diameter of 2-5 ⁇ m. A PGA non-woven fabric having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m or 200 ⁇ m was subjected to the following fiber-on-fiber production.
- gelatin nanofiber to support by electrospinning method The gelatin solution prepared as described above is put into a syringe equipped with a 23G blunt needle (Nipro), air bubbles are removed, and the flow rate is 0.2 mL into a microsyringe pump.
- Two culture cover glasses were placed side by side in the center of the silicon wafer (or cotton gauze or PGA non-woven fabric cut to an appropriate size), and part of both ends of these supports were fixed with cellophane tape.
- the silicon wafer was fixed vertically in a vise and placed at a distance of about 10 cm from the needle of the syringe set in the micro syringe pump.
- a + electrode (red line) was attached to the brandt needle, a-electrode (green line) was attached to the silicon wafer, the microsyringe pump was switched on, a voltage of 11 kV was applied, and the fiber was ejected onto the support on the silicon wafer. . The voltage was stopped, the silicon wafer was rotated 180 degrees, and the fiber was ejected again for the same time. After fiber ejection, the PGA nonwoven fabric (fiber on fiber of the present invention), cotton gauze (control fiber on fiber) or glass (control nanofiber) on the wafer was gently removed and placed in a petri dish. This petri dish was placed in a desiccator and dried all day and night while applying a vacuum pump.
- Gelatin nanofibers (fiber-on-fiber of the present invention, control fiber-on-fiber or control nanofiber) dried with a cross-linking desiccator were immersed in a cross-linking buffer in an amount sufficient to immerse the surface for 4 hours.
- the nanofibers were taken out and washed by immersing them in 99.5% ethanol for 5 to 10 minutes (this operation was repeated twice).
- the nanofibers were air-dried on a petri dish laid with Kimwipe, and then placed in a desiccator and allowed to dry overnight.
- FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the fiber on fiber of the present invention using the PGA nonwoven fabric obtained by the above method as a support. It was found that gelatin nanofibers were networked between fibers of PGA nonwoven fabric. The diameter of the gelatin nanofiber was 300 ⁇ 100 nm.
- Example 2 Method for Passing Human Pluripotent Stem Cells onto Fiber-on-Fiber
- Material mTeSR 1 STEM CELL Veritas ST-05850 Y-27632 Wako 257-00511 (1 mg) 255-200513 (5 mg) Cell Dissociation Buffer enzyme-free, Hanks'-based GIBCO 13150-016 TrypLE Express GIBCO 12605-010 Human embryonic stem cells: H9, H1 Human induced pluripotent stem cells: 253G1
- the mixture was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 3 minutes, the supernatant was removed by aspiration, and resuspended with mTeSR 1 (+ Y-27632) to the required cell concentration.
- the pretreated medium on the control nanofiber was removed by suction, and 1 to 1.5 mL (cell density was 2 ⁇ 10 5 to 3 ⁇ 10 5 cells / sample) was seeded on the nanofiber.
- the medium was replaced with 2 mL of mTeSR 1 (+ Y-27632). From the second day, the medium was cultured with mTeSR 1 not containing Y-27632, and the medium was changed every day.
- the cell suspension was seeded on a fiber-on-fiber (2 cm ⁇ 2.5 cm) at 2 ⁇ 10 5 cells / sample. From the second day, the cells were cultured in mTeSR1 not containing Y-27632 and the culture was changed every day. Three days later, the cells were subjected to transplantation.
- Human ES cells are cultured for 4 days on the fiber-on-fiber of the present invention, fiber-on-fiber using cotton gauze as a support, and gelatin nanofibers formed on glass. Density was measured. As a result, by using PGA nonwoven fabric as the support, the cell growth efficiency was significantly improved compared to when cotton gauze was used as the support, and a growth rate close to that of nanofibers on matrigel or glass was obtained (Fig. 3).
- the fiber-on-fiber of the present invention obtained by culturing the human ES cells (H1) or human iPS cells (253G1) obtained in Example 2 was transplanted into immunodeficient mice to form teratomas. I investigated. In both cells, a teratoma containing three germ layers was formed, and it was confirmed that the fiber-on-fiber of the present invention did not inhibit the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (FIG. 6). Moreover, no necrosis occurred at the time of transplantation, and no inflammatory reaction was observed after transplantation. Furthermore, the fiber-on-fiber of the present invention was completely lost in the teratoma.
- PGA nanofibers to a support by electrospinning
- the PGA solution prepared as described above was placed in a syringe with a 28G metal needle and attached to an electrospinning apparatus.
- a metal table was placed about 10 cm away from the metal needle, and the PGA nonwoven fabric was fixed with cellophane tape. Air pressure was applied to the syringe, the PGA solution was discharged, and a voltage was applied to produce a PGA fiber.
- Results Figure 7 a scanning electron micrograph of the formed fiber-on-fiber of PGA only PGA non-woven fabric obtained by the structure above-described methods configured fiber-on-fiber only PGA of the present invention to a support Show. It was found that PGA nanofibers were formed on the mesh on the PGA nonwoven fabric. The diameter of the PGA nanofiber was 400 ⁇ 100 nm.
- Example 5 Culture of human pluripotent stem cells on fiber-on-fiber consisting only of PGA (1) Material mTeSR 1 STEM CELL Veritas ST-05850 Y-27632 Wako 257-00511 (1 mg) 255-200513 (5 mg) Cell Dissociation Buffer enzyme-free, Hanks'-based GIBCO 13150-016 TrypLE Express GIBCO 12605-010 Human induced pluripotent stem cells: 253G1
- FIG. 8 shows the result of staining human IPS cells (253G1) after alkaline phosphatase staining culture with alkaline phosphatase, which is a pluripotent stem cell marker. Stained colonies were observed and it was confirmed that human iPS cells (253G1) strongly expressed alkaline phosphatase even after culture. Moreover, the stained cells were uniformly dispersed on the fiber.
- Example 6 Confirmation of material diffusion behavior through fiber-on-fiber composed only of PGA (1) Ingredients Food Red Yuki MC Food Color Box (Yuki Food, 52100071077) Phosphate buffered saline D-PBS (Invitrogen, 14287-080) Fiber-on-fiber consisting only of PGA
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Abstract
Description
これに代わるものとして、ポリマーなどの高分子を用いた細胞培養基材の開発も報告され(非特許文献4、5)、製品化されるようになってきたが、安定した製品は得られるものの、非常に高価であり、また細胞株によっては適さない場合もあるなど、安定・安価な細胞培養基材を作製するには至っていない。
従って、本発明の第1の目的は、ヒト多能性幹細胞をはじめとする細胞を安定して大量に供給することができる、3次元大量培養に適した新規培養基材を提供することである。
また、本発明の第2の目的は、細胞を剥離することなく直接生体に移植可能な培養基材、該培養基材と該基材上で培養した移植細胞とを含む、安全な細胞移植療法剤を提供することである。
但し、コットンガーゼ支持体上に形成させたゼラチンナノファイバーからなるファイバー・オン・ファイバーでは、ヒトES細胞の単位面積あたりの細胞増殖は、マトリゲルやガラス支持体上に形成させたゼラチンナノファイバーに比べて、やや劣っていた。また、当該ファイバー・オン・ファイバーは、そのまま細胞移植に用いることができなかった。
さらに、該生分解性ファイバー・オン・ファイバー上で培養したヒト多能性幹細胞を免疫不全マウスに移植したところ、約2ヶ月後に奇形腫を形成し、その中に三胚葉全ての細胞系列が含まれていることが確認できた。また、移植した部位ではまったく炎症反応が起こらなかった。さらに、移植細胞の壊死はなく、奇形腫内でファイバー・オン・ファイバーは完全に消失していたことから、本発明の生分解性ファイバー・オン・ファイバーは、非常に安全性が高く、ヒト多能性幹細胞の分化に悪影響を及ぼさず、移植に使用できることが確認された。
本発明者らは、これらの知見に基づいてさらに研究を重ねた結果、本発明を完成するに至った。
[1] 生分解性ポリマーからなる支持体上に、生分解性ポリマーからなるナノファイバーを含有してなる、細胞の培養用基材。
[2] 該ナノファイバーが架橋処理されている、上記[1]記載の基材。
[3] 支持体を構成する生分解性ポリマーが合成ポリマーである、上記[1]又は[2]記載の基材。
[4] 合成ポリマーがポリエステル、ポリカーボネート及びその共重合体、ポリ酸無水物及びその共重合体、ポリオルトエステル、並びにポリホスファゼンからなる群より選択される、上記[3]記載の基材。
[5] 合成ポリマーがポリグリコール酸(PGA)である、上記[3]記載の基材。
[6] 支持体が不織布である、上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の基材。
[7] ナノファイバーを構成する生分解性ポリマーがゼラチン又は合成ポリマーである、上記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の基材。
[8] 合成ポリマーがPGAである、上記[7]記載の基材。
[9] ナノファイバーがエレクトロスピニング法により得られる、上記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の基材。
[10] 細胞が幹細胞である、上記[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の基材。
[11] 幹細胞が多能性幹細胞である、上記[10]記載の基材。
[12] 多能性幹細胞がES細胞又はiPS細胞である、上記[11]記載の基材。
[13] 多能性幹細胞がヒト由来である、上記[11]又は[12]記載の基材。
[14] 培養が細胞の維持増幅培養である、上記[1]~[13]のいずれかに記載の基材。
[15] 培養が多能性幹細胞の分化誘導培養である、上記[1]~[13]のいずれかに記載の基材。
[16] 上記[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の基材上に細胞を播種し、該細胞を静置培養することを特徴とする、細胞の培養方法。
[17] 酵素を含まない解離液を用いて基材から細胞を解離させ、該細胞を上記[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の基材上に播種し、該細胞をさらに静置培養することを特徴とする、上記[16]記載の方法。
[18] 継代時に、細胞を単一細胞にまで分散させることを特徴とする、上記[17]記載の方法。
[19] 細胞をxenoフリー培地で培養することを特徴とする、上記[16]~[18]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[20] 培地がタンパク質不含培地である、上記[19]記載の方法。
[21] 細胞が幹細胞である、上記[16]~[20]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[22] 幹細胞が多能性幹細胞である、上記[21]記載の方法。
[23] 多能性幹細胞がES細胞又はiPS細胞である、上記[22]記載の方法。
[24] 多能性幹細胞がヒト由来である、上記[22]又は[23]記載の方法。
[25] 培養が細胞の維持増幅培養である、上記[16]~[24]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[26] 培養が多能性幹細胞の分化誘導培養である、上記[16]~[24]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[27] 上記[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の基材と、該基材上で培養した細胞とを含んでなる、細胞移植療法剤。
[28] 細胞が多能性幹細胞から分化誘導されたものである、上記[27]記載の剤。
また、本発明の培養基材は、生分解性ポリマーから構成されるので、そのままで細胞移植が可能である。
このような大量培養・細胞移植が可能な培養基材は、再生医療・組織工学・細胞移植治療の発展に大きく貢献できる。大きい組織になればなるほど、細胞が大量に必要となり、また細胞剥離操作は細胞や組織にダメージを与えるだけでなく、作製した組織構造すらも破壊してしまう。そこで、培養した細胞をそのまま移植できるのは、この問題を回避することができ有用である。また、移植後、しばらくして分解されるのも患者への影響を少なくすることができるので有用である。
本発明の培養基材が適用可能な細胞は特に制限されず、静置培養が可能な任意の細胞(例えば、リンパ球、上皮細胞、内皮細胞、筋肉細胞、線維芽細胞(皮膚細胞等)、毛細胞、肝細胞、胃粘膜細胞、腸細胞、脾細胞、膵細胞(膵外分泌細胞等)、脳細胞、肺細胞、腎細胞、脂肪細胞等の分化した細胞、未分化な組織前駆細胞や幹細胞など)に用いることが可能である。
一方、細胞が多能性幹細胞の場合、本発明の方法は、いずれかの多能性幹細胞が樹立されているか、樹立可能である、任意の哺乳動物において適用することができ、例えば、ヒト、マウス、サル、ブタ、ラット、イヌ等が挙げられるが、好ましくはヒトまたはマウス、より好ましくはヒトである。以下に種々の多能性幹細胞の調製方法について具体的に説明するが、他の公知の手法も制限なく使用することができる。
上記培養の間には、培養開始2日目以降から毎日1回新鮮な培養液と培養液交換を行う。また、核初期化に使用する体細胞の細胞数は、限定されないが、培養ディッシュ100cm2あたり約5×103~約5×106細胞の範囲である。
本発明の培養基材において、支持体を構成する生分解性ポリマーは、生体適合性であり、かつ、本発明の培養基材と該基材上に保持された細胞とを含む細胞移植剤を対象となる生体に移植後、移植細胞集団が機能的な3次元構造を維持するのに必要な期間、支持体としての機能を保持した後、分解・消失するものであれば、特に制限されず、例えば、ポリエステル(例、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、乳酸-グリコール酸共重合体(PLGA)、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)及びPGAとの共重合体、PCLとグリコチド、ラクチド、PEGとのブロック共重合体、ポリジオキサノン(PDS)、ポリプロピレンフマレート(PPF)等)、ポリカーボネート(PTMC)及びその共重合体(例、PTMC、トリメチレンカーボネートとグリコシドとの共重合体、トリメチレンカーボネート、グリコシド及びジオキサンの3元重合体等)、ポリ酸無水物及びその共重合体(例、脂肪族もしくは芳香族ジカルボン酸の溶融重縮合物、ポリ酸無水物とイミドとの共重合体等)、ポリオルトエステル(POE)(例、POE I~IV)、ポリホスファゼン(PPZ)などの合成ポリマー、タンパク質(例、ゼラチン、コラーゲン、ラミニン、フィブロイン、ケラチン等)、多糖(例、アガロース、アルギン酸、ヒアルロン酸、キチン、キトサン等)の天然高分子が挙げられる。細胞移植療法剤としての使用を考慮すると、好ましくは、移植対象にとって異種の動物由来でないものであり、より好ましくは合成ポリマーである。さらに好ましくは、PGA、PLA、PLGA等のポリエステルであり、特に好ましくはPGAである。
上記の合成ポリマーは自体公知の方法で製造することができる。例えば、PGAの場合、例えば、オクチル酸スズ等を触媒に用いたグリコリドの開環重合により得られる。PLAの場合も、オクチル酸スズ等を触媒に用いたラクチドの開環重合により得ることができる。また、PLGAは、ラクチドとグリコリドを開環共重合することにより得ることができる。また、これら合成ポリマーは市販されている。
また、上記の天然高分子は、それらを産生する天然物からそれぞれ自体公知の方法により、単離精製することができる。天然高分子がタンパク質の場合には、組換えタンパク質を用いることが望ましい。
特に好ましい一実施態様において、本発明の培養基材は、支持体としてPGA不織布を有する。
本発明の培養基材のナノファイバーに用いられる生分解性ポリマーとしては、上記支持体に用いられる生分解性ポリマーについて例示されたものと同様のものを用いることができる。好ましくは、移植対象にとって異種の動物由来でないものであり、より好ましくは合成ポリマーであるが、コラーゲンを化学的に処理して得られる天然高分子の処理物であるゼラチンも、本発明の好ましい一実施態様である。
ゼラチンは、主として牛骨および牛皮、豚皮を原料として製造されるが、鮭などの魚の皮や鱗を原料とする場合もあり、その由来については特に限定されない。これらの原料からゼラチンを抽出・精製する方法は周知である。また、市販のゼラチンを用いることもできる。
合成ポリマーとしては、好ましくはPGA、PLA、PLGA等のポリエステルであり、特に好ましくはPGAである。これらの合成ポリマーは、上記のようにして製造することができ、また、市販されている。
尚、ナノファイバーを構成する生分解性ポリマーと、支持体を構成する生分解性ポリマーとは、同一のポリマーであってもよいし、異なるポリマーであってもよい。
これらの生分解性ポリマーからナノファイバーを作製する方法は特に限定されず、例えばエレクトロスピニング法、ドライスピニング法、コンジュゲート溶融紡糸法、メルトブロー法等が挙げられるが、簡便で応用性が広いエレクトロスピニング法が好ましく用いられる。
エレクトロスピニング法による場合、まず生分解性ポリマーを適当な溶媒に溶解する。ここで用いられる溶媒としては、用いる生分解性ポリマーを溶解し得る溶媒であれば、無機溶媒、有機溶媒を問わずいかなるものも使用可能であるが、例えば、ゼラチンナノファイバーの作製においては、酢酸やギ酸、トリフルオロ酢酸等が好ましく用いられ得る。また、1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-2-プロパノール(HFIP)や2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノール等も使用することができる。コラーゲンナノファイバーの作製においては、例えば、HFIP等が用いられ得る。一方、PGA、PLA、PGLA、PCL等の合成ポリマーからなるナノファイバーの作製においては、塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、HFIP等が用いられ得る。
生分解性ポリマー溶液の濃度は特に限定されないが、好ましい繊維径及び均一性を得るためには、例えば、ゼラチンの酢酸溶液を用いる場合には、5-15 w/v%、好ましくは8-12 w/v%の濃度範囲で使用することが望ましく、PGAのHFIP溶液を用いる場合には、1-10 w/w%、好ましくは3-8 w/w%の濃度範囲で使用することが望ましい。
また、該ナノファイバーの厚みは、本発明の培養基材上で培養される細胞の培養状態(例えば、目的に応じて、細胞の維持、増幅、分化、脱分化等、好ましくは幹細胞、特にヒトES細胞もしくはiPS細胞等の多能性幹細胞の維持・増幅)に好ましくない影響を与えない限り特に制限はないが、例えば、100-1000nm、好ましくは150-700nmの厚さを有するものであればよい。
尚、架橋剤と培養基材に機能性を付与する公知のペプチドをコンジュゲートしておけば、当該架橋処理により、同時にナノファイバー基材上に機能性ペプチドが付与されることになるので、この点でも有用である。
上記のようにして生成するナノファイバーを、支持体上に塗布することで、本発明の培養基材(該培養基材における代表的な支持体がマイクロファイバーであることから、本明細書においては、繊維構造物以外の支持体で構成されるものも包括して「ファイバー・オン・ファイバー」と称する場合がある)を作製することができる。
塗布する方法は、ナノファイバーが支持体上に均一に塗布されれば、限定されないが、簡便で応用性が広いエレクトロスピニング法により、ナノファイバーを支持体上に生成させる方法が好ましく用いられる。
ファイバー・オン・ファイバーの厚みは、本発明の培養基材上で培養される細胞の培養状態(例えば、目的に応じて、細胞の維持、増幅、分化、脱分化等、好ましくは幹細胞、特にヒトES細胞もしくはiPS細胞等の多能性幹細胞の維持・増幅)に好ましくない影響を与えない限り特に制限はないが、ナノファイバーの厚みは支持体の厚みに対して十分に小さく、ほぼ無視することができるので、ファイバー・オン・ファイバーは、例えば1μm-3mm、好ましくは10μm-1mm、より好ましくは50-200μmの厚みを有するものであればよい。
このようにして得られた、生分解性ポリマーからなる支持体上に生分解性ポリマーからなるナノファイバーを含有してなる本発明の培養基材(ファイバー・オン・ファイバー基材)は、多能性幹細胞等の幹細胞をはじめとする各種細胞の培養(例えば、維持増幅培養、分化誘導培養、脱分化誘導培養など)のために使用される。従って、本発明はまた、本発明の培養基材上に細胞、好ましくは幹細胞、より好ましくは多能性幹細胞を播種し、該細胞を静置培養することによる、該細胞の培養方法を提供する。
以下に、多能性幹細胞の維持増幅培養方法を例にとって本発明をより具体的に説明するが、多能性幹細胞や他の幹細胞から種々の分化細胞へ分化誘導する場合や、組織前駆細胞もしくは組織幹細胞、あるいは分化細胞をより未分化な状態に脱分化させたり、他の幹細胞、組織前駆細胞又は分化細胞を維持増幅培養したりする場合についても、それぞれ、公知の方法を、従来使用されている培養基材に代えて本発明の培養基材を適用することで、容易に実施することができる。
酵素を含まない解離液としては、従来から機械的に細胞を解離する方法において使用されている解離液を同様に用いることができ、例えば、ハンクス液やクエン酸とEDTAを組み合わせた溶液等が挙げられる。
ここで、無血清培地の例としては、組換え動物タンパク質を含むmTeSR培地などが、xenoフリー培地の例としては、ヒト血清アルブミン、ヒトbFGFを含むTeSR2培地などが、タンパク質不含培地の例としては、E8培地などが、それぞれ挙げられる。
このようにして、良質の多能性幹細胞を安定して大量に増幅することが可能となり、細胞移植治療や薬剤スクリーニングのための分化細胞のソースとして十分な量の多能性幹細胞を供給することができる。
ファイバー・オン・ファイバー基材上で培養した細胞を、当該基材ごと容器に挿入して凍結保存することができる。容器は凍結に適したものであればよく、容量、形(チューブ、バッグ、アンプル、バイアル等)など限定されない。当業者は適宜、好適な容器を選択することができる。また、当業者は該培養後の基材をピンセット等でその形を変えて、容器に挿入することもできる。
本発明の培養基材は生体適合性かつ生分解性であるので、細胞を剥離することなく、該基材上で培養した細胞を、基材ごとヒトをはじめとする動物の生体に移植することができる。例えば、本発明の培養基材を用いて、上記のように維持増幅したヒト多能性幹細胞を、各種分化誘導培地に培地交換することによって、該基材上で所望の体細胞に分化誘導することができる。例えば、神経幹細胞への分化誘導法としては、特開2002-291469、膵幹様細胞への分化誘導法としては、特開2004-121165、造血細胞への分化誘導法としては、特表2003-505006に記載される方法などがそれぞれ例示される。この他にも、胚葉体の形成による分化誘導法としては、特表2003-523766に記載の方法などが例示される。このようにして分化誘導された体細胞を、剥離することなく基材ごと、例えば、ハイドロゲル等のキャリアを用いる従来公知の移植方法と同様にして、対象に移植することができる。未分化細胞の残存による腫瘍形成が懸念される場合には、通常の継代の際と同様にして分化誘導後の細胞集団を基材から解離させ、未分化マーカー及び/又は分化マーカーを用いてフローサイトメトリー等により未分化細胞を除去し、所望の体細胞に純化した後、通常の継代の際と同様にして本発明の培養基材上に再播種し、馴化培養した後、移植に供することもできる。
(1)材料
ゼラチン溶液
・ゼラチン (SIGMA G2625 MW: 30 kDa)
・氷酢酸 (AA; SIGMA P-338826)
・無水酢酸エチル (EA; SIGMA P270989)
架橋バッファー
・水溶性カルボジイミド (WSC; DOJINDO Catalog344-03633)
・N-ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(NHS; SIGMA Catalog56480)
・99.5% エタノール (Wako)
ガーゼ BEMCOT(登録商標)S-2(旭化成)
カルチャーカバーガラス25mmφ及び32mmφ
シリコンウェハー
真空ポンプ(Vacuum Pump)
ニプロブランド針 23Gx1 1/4” 刃先なし
高圧電源 (TECHDEMPAZ Japan)
10%w/v ゼラチン溶液(AA:EA = 3:2) 1 mLの調製
2 mLチューブにゼラチン0.1 g(最終濃度10%w/v)、滅菌蒸留水0.2 mLを入れた。次にドラフト内で氷酢酸0.42 mL(最終濃度42%w/v)、無水酢酸エチル0.31 mL(最終濃度28%w/v)を加え、チューブをボルテックスしてよく攪拌した。ゼラチンが十分に溶けたら、チューブをローターにセットし、一昼夜転倒混和した(室温度:20℃以上)。
特開2014-083106の実施例1、2に記載の方法に準じて、生体吸収性材料としてポリグリコリドを用い、スクリュー径20mmの汎用小型押出機にてメルトブロー法により不織布を作製した。ホッパー内を窒素ガスパージし、熱風下にて紡糸を行い、吐出量とベルトコンベアの速度を調整することにより不織布を得た。得られたPGA不織布の繊維径は2-5μmであった。厚さ50μm又は200μmのPGA不織布を、以下のファイバー・オン・ファイバー作製に供した。
上記のようにして調製したゼラチン溶液を23Gのブラント針(ニプロ)を付けたシリンジに入れ、気泡を抜いた後、マイクロシリンジポンプに流速0.2 mL/hでセットした。シリコンウェハーの中央にカルチャーカバーガラスを2枚並べて置き(あるいは適当なサイズにカットしたコットンガーゼ又はPGA不織布を置き)、これらの支持体の両端の一部をセロハンテープで固定した。シリコンウェハーを万力で垂直に固定し、マイクロシリンジポンプにセットするシリンジの針から10 cmほどの距離に置いた。ブラント針に+電極(赤線)、シリコンウェハーに-電極(緑線)を取り付け、マイクロシリンジポンプのスイッチを入れ、11 kVの電圧をかけて、シリコンウェハー上の支持体にファイバーを噴出させた。電圧を止め、シリコンウェハーを180度回転させて再度ファイバーを同じ時間噴出させた。ファイバー噴出後、ウェハー上のPGA不織布(本発明のファイバー・オン・ファイバー)、コットンガーゼ(対照ファイバー・オン・ファイバー)又はガラス(対照ナノファイバー)を静かに外してシャーレに入れた。このシャーレをデシケーターに入れ、真空ポンプをかけながら一昼夜乾燥させた。
50 mLファルコンチューブにWSC を1.52 g、NHSを0.92 g入れた。該チューブに99.5% エタノールを30 mL加えてボルテックスし、試薬を溶かした後、40 mLになるように99.5%エタノールで定量し、再度ボルテックスした。
デシケーターで乾燥させたゼラチンナノファイバー(本発明のファイバー・オン・ファイバー、対照ファイバー・オン・ファイバー又は対照ナノファイバー)を表面が浸る程度の量の架橋バッファーに4時間浸漬した。ナノファイバーを取り出し、99.5%エタノールに5~10分浸けて洗浄した(この操作を2回繰り返した)。次にキムワイプを敷いたシャーレの上でナノファイバーを風乾した後、デシケーターに入れ、一昼夜乾燥させた。
ファイバー・オン・ファイバーの構造
上述の方法で得られたPGA不織布を支持体とする本発明のファイバー・オン・ファイバーの走査電子顕微鏡写真を図1に示す。ゼラチンナノファイバーがPGA不織布の繊維間に網目状になっていることが分かった。該ゼラチンナノファイバーの直径は、300±100nmであった。
(1)材料
mTeSR 1 STEM CELL ベリタス ST-05850
Y-27632 Wako 257-00511(1 mg)253-00513(5 mg)
Cell Dissociation Buffer enzyme-free, Hanks’-based GIBCO 13150-016
TrypLE Express GIBCO 12605-010
ヒト胚性幹細胞:H9、H1
ヒト人工多能性幹細胞:253G1
ナノファイバーの前処理
実施例1で調製した各種ナノファイバーを35 mmディッシュ(6-well プレート) にセットし、99.5%エタノール1 mLで3回洗浄し滅菌処理した。3回目は丁寧に吸引し、クリーンベンチ内で乾燥した。各種ナノファイバーを培地に浸し、37℃でインキュベートした。35 mmディッシュにmTeSR 1を2 mL入れた。
MEFフィーダー上のヒト多能性幹細胞コロニー(60 mmディッシュ)に、酵素解離液TrypLE Express 2 mLを加え、そのままインキュベートし、約2分後にディッシュをゆすって顕微鏡下で、MEFが剥がれてきていること及びコロニーが丸くなっていることを確認した後、酵素解離液を吸引除去した(必要に応じてmTeSR 1 1~2 mLでリンスした)。10 μM Y-27632を含有するmTeSR 1(mTeSR 1(+Y-27632))4 mLで細胞を回収して、10回ぐらいピペッティングし、シングルセルにした。細胞数をカウントした後、1000 rpmで3分間遠心し上清を吸引除去し、mTeSR 1(+Y-27632)で、必要な細胞濃度に再懸濁した。前処理していた対照ナノファイバー上の培地を吸引除去し、該ナノファイバーに1~1.5 mL(細胞密度は2×105~3×105cells/sample)を播種した。翌日、培地をmTeSR 1(+Y-27632)2 mLに交換し、2日目からY-27632を含まないmTeSR 1で培養し、毎日培地交換を行った。
PBSで2回細胞をリンスした後、酵素不含細胞解離液Cell Dissociation Buffer 1 mLを加え、37℃で5分間インキュベートした後、該解離液を吸引除去した(TrypLE Expressを用いる場合1 mLを加えたら、すぐ吸引除去した後、2分ほどインキュベートした)。mTeSR1(+Y-27632)2 mLで細胞を回収し (1 mL×2回)、10回ぐらいピペッティングし、シングルセルにした。以後の操作はMEFフィーダーからの移行の場合と同様に行った。
対照ナノファイバー上で20回以上継代した細胞をD-PBSで2回細胞をリンスした。Cell Dissociation Buffer 1 mLを加え、37℃で5分インキュベート後、吸引除去した。mTeSR 1(+Y-27632)2 mLで細胞を回収し(1 mLx2回)、10回ぐらいピペッティングし、シングルセルにした。細胞数をカウントした後、1000 rpmで3分間遠心し上清を吸引除去し、mTeSR1(+Y-27632)で必要な細胞濃度に再懸濁した。細胞懸濁液を2x105 cells/sampleとなるようにファイバー・オン・ファイバー (2cmx2.5cm) 上に播種した。2日目からY-27632を含まないmTeSR1で培養し、毎日培養交換を行った。3日後、細胞を移植に供した。
ファイバー・オン・ファイバー上でのヒト多能性幹細胞の培養
本発明のファイバー・オン・ファイバーを培養液に浸漬し、その上でヒト多能性幹細胞(H1ヒトES細胞)を培養した。ヒト多能性幹細胞がコロニーを形成することが確認された。当該細胞を多能性幹細胞マーカーであるアルカリフォスファターゼ染色した結果を図2に示す。赤色に染色されたコロニーが観察され、ヒト多能性幹細胞が培養後でもアルカリフォスファターゼを強く発現していることが確認された。しかも、染色された細胞は繊維上に均一に分散していた。
ヒトES細胞(H1、H9)及びヒトiPS細胞(253G1)を本発明のファイバー・オン・ファイバー上で培養した後の細胞について、多能性幹細胞マーカー(SSEA4、TRA-1-60)及び分化マーカー(SSEA1)の発現を、フローサイトメトリーを用いて解析した(図4)。いずれの多能性幹細胞でも、96%以上の細胞が未分化マーカーを強く発現していることを確認することできた。また、細胞群が均一であることも確認することができた。
ヒトES細胞(H1)を本発明のファイバー・オン・ファイバー上で培養した後の細胞について、免疫細胞染色により、未分化マーカー(OCT4)及び分化マーカー(SSEA1)の発現を調べた。結果を図5に示す。細胞が未分化マーカーを強く発現していることが確認された。
(1)材料
イソフルラン :アボットジャパン株式会社
免疫不全マウス:日本クレア
夏目糸付縫合針(滅菌済み):夏目製作所
実施例2で得たヒト多能性幹細胞を培養したPGA不織布を支持体とするファイバー・オン・ファイバーを2 x 2.5 cm角に揃えた。
免疫不全マウス(SCID C.B-17/icr-scid/scid Jclマウス、8週齢、雌)をイソフルランで吸入麻酔にて、全身麻酔した。マウスが完全に静止してから、背横腹の皮膚を1 cmほど切開した。ピンセットを使って、上記ファイバー・オン・ファイバーを3回ほど折りたたみ、切開した箇所に挿入した後、夏目糸付縫合針を用いて、移植箇所を縫合した。奇形腫が2 cm大になったところで(1~2ヶ月後)、マウスから摘出し、常法により固定化、切片を作製し、ヘマトキシリン-エオシン染色した。
実施例2で得たヒトES細胞(H1)又はヒトiPS細胞(253G1)を培養した本発明のファイバー・オン・ファイバーを、免疫不全マウスに移植し、奇形腫(テラトーマ)の形成を調べた。どちらの細胞においても、三胚葉を含んだテラトーマを形成しており、本発明のファイバー・オン・ファイバーがヒト多能性幹細胞の分化を阻害しないことが確認できた(図6)。また、移植時にネクローシスを起こすことなく、移植後の炎症反応も見られなかった。さらに、本発明のファイバー・オン・ファイバーはテラトーマ内で完全に消失していた。
(1)材料
PGA溶液
・PGA
・1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-2-プロパノール (HFIP; Wako 085-04235)
PGA不織布の作製は、実施例1と同様の手順で行った。以下の手順でPGA溶液の調製、及びPGAナノファイバーの支持体への塗布を行った。
50 mL瓶にPGAを2.85 g、HFIPを47.15 g入れ(最終濃度5.7%w/w)、50℃にて一晩静置し、PGAを溶解させた。
上記のようにして調製したPGA溶液を28Gの金属ニードルを付けたシリンジに入れ、エレクトロスピニング装置に取り付けた。金属ニードルから10cm程度離した位置に金属テーブルを配置し、セロハンテープでPGA不織布を固定した。シリンジ内にエアー圧をかけ、PGA溶液を吐出するとともに、電圧を印加し、PGAファイバーを作製した。
PGAのみで構成されるファイバー・オン・ファイバーの構造
上述の方法で得られたPGA不織布を支持体とする本発明のPGAのみで構成されるファイバー・オン・ファイバーの走査電子顕微鏡写真を図7に示す。PGAナノファイバーがPGA不織布の上に網目上に形成されていることが分かった。該PGAナノファイバーの直径は、400±100nmであった。
(1)材料
mTeSR 1 STEM CELL ベリタス ST-05850
Y-27632 Wako 257-00511(1 mg)253-00513(5 mg)
Cell Dissociation Buffer enzyme-free, Hanks’-based GIBCO 13150-016
TrypLE Express GIBCO 12605-010
ヒト人工多能性幹細胞:253G1
実施例4で作製したPGAのみで構成されるファイバー・オン・ファイバー上で、実施例2と同様の手順でヒトiPS細胞(253G1)を培養した。
アルカリフォスファターゼ染色
培養後のヒトiPS細胞(253G1)を多能性幹細胞マーカーであるアルカリフォスファターゼ染色した結果を図8に示す。染色されたコロニーが観察され、ヒトiPS細胞(253G1)が培養後でもアルカリフォスファターゼを強く発現していることが確認された。しかも、染色された細胞は繊維上に均一に分散していた。
培養後のヒトiPS細胞(253G1)について、未分化マーカー(TRA-1-60、SSEA4)の発現を、フローサイトメトリーを用いて解析した(図9)。TRA-1-60(図9左)及びSSEA4(図9右)いずれのマーカーも99.5%以上の細胞で強く発現していることが確認された。
(1)材料
食紅 ユウキ MC フードカラーボックス(ユウキ食品、52100071077)
リン酸緩衝生理食塩水 D-PBS(インビトロジェン、14287-080)
PGAのみで構成されるファイバー・オン・ファイバー
1.5mLの食紅溶液を入れたチューブと1.5mLのリン酸緩衝生理食塩水を入れたチューブとの間に、実施例4で作製したPGAのみで構成されるファイバー・オン・ファイバーを1枚挟み、両チューブを接続して3時間静置した。
PGAのみで構成されるファイバー・オン・ファイバー(FoF)を通して、15分後には食紅がリン酸緩衝生理食塩水を入れたチューブに到達したことが確認された(図10)。このことから、通常の培養ディッシュを用いた場合とは異なり、細胞は、360度いずれの角度からでも必要成分を獲得でき、不要物質を放出できることが示唆された。従って、培養液中に含まれる成長因子や、サプリメント、ガス分子なども同様に、ファイバー・オン・ファイバーを通して拡散が可能であると考えられる。
本出願は、日本で出願された特願2014-223702(出願日:2014年10月31日)を基礎としており、その内容は全て本明細書に包含されるものとする。
Claims (11)
- 生分解性ポリマーからなる支持体上に、生分解性ポリマーからなるナノファイバーを含有してなる、細胞の培養用基材。
- 支持体を構成する生分解性ポリマーが合成ポリマーである、請求項1記載の基材。
- 合成ポリマーがポリグリコール酸(PGA)である、請求項2記載の基材。
- 支持体が不織布である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の基材。
- ナノファイバーを構成する生分解性ポリマーがゼラチン又は合成ポリマーである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の基材。
- 合成ポリマーがPGAである、請求項5記載の基材。
- 細胞が多能性幹細胞である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の基材。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の基材上に細胞を播種し、該細胞を静置培養することを特徴とする、細胞の培養方法。
- 細胞が多能性幹細胞である、請求項8記載の方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の基材と、該基材上で培養した細胞とを含んでなる、細胞移植療法剤。
- 細胞が多能性幹細胞から分化誘導されたものである、請求項10記載の剤。
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JP2021078458A (ja) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-05-27 | 日本毛織株式会社 | 細胞培養用立体足場、その製造方法、それを用いた細胞播種方法及び細胞培養方法 |
JP7267172B2 (ja) | 2019-11-21 | 2023-05-01 | 日本毛織株式会社 | 細胞培養用立体足場、その製造方法、それを用いた細胞播種方法及び細胞培養方法 |
WO2021100718A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-05-27 | 日本毛織株式会社 | 細胞集合体、その製造方法、その作製キット、及びそれを用いた化合物の評価方法 |
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