JP7088496B2 - 網膜組織の製造方法 - Google Patents
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Description
これら製造法の出発材料である多能性幹細胞は、特に霊長類多能性幹細胞の場合、フィーダー細胞存在下・未分化維持因子添加条件で未分化維持培養されていた。近年、未分化維持培養の改良が進み、霊長類多能性幹細胞を、フィーダー細胞非存在下(フィーダーフリー)・未分化維持因子添加条件にて培養する手法が報告されている(非特許文献7、非特許文献8及び非特許文献9)。当該手法でフィーダーフリー培養された多能性幹細胞を出発材料として、網膜細胞又は網膜組織を安定的に製造する方法が切望されていた。
すなわち、本発明は以下に関する。
(1)ヒト多能性幹細胞を、フィーダー細胞非存在下で、未分化維持因子を含む培地で培養する第一工程、
(2)第一工程で得られた多能性幹細胞を、ソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞の凝集体を形成させる第二工程、及び
(3)第二工程で得られた凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下に浮遊培養し、網膜細胞又は網膜組織を含む凝集体を得る第三工程。
[2]第二工程において、第一工程で得られた細胞を分散し、当該分散した細胞を浮遊培養する、[1]に記載の製造方法。
[3]未分化維持因子が、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質である[1]又は[2]に記載の製造方法。
[4]FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質が、bFGFである、[3]に記載の製造方法。
[5]第二工程における培地中のソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質の濃度が、SAG10nM~700nMのソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達作用に相当する濃度である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[6]ソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質がSAG、Purmorphamine又はShhである、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[7]BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質が、BMP2、BMP4、BMP7及びGDF7からなる群から選ばれる1以上の蛋白質である、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[8]BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質が、BMP4である、[6]に記載の製造方法。
[9]第三工程において、第二工程の開始後2日目から9日目の間にBMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質が培地に添加される、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[10]第三工程において、ソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質の濃度がSAG700nMのソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達作用に相当する濃度以下である培地で凝集体を培養する、[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[11]第一工程が接着培養法で行われる、[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[12]多能性幹細胞が人工多能性幹細胞である、[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[13]第二工程において、均一な凝集体を形成させる、[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[14]第三工程において得られる凝集体が、網膜前駆細胞、神経網膜前駆細胞、視細胞前駆細胞、視細胞、桿体視細胞、錐体視細胞、水平細胞、アマクリン細胞、介在神経細胞、神経節細胞、網膜色素上皮細胞、及び毛様体周縁部細胞からなる群から選択される1又は複数の細胞を含む凝集体である、[1]~[13]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[15]浮遊培養が、基底膜標品非存在下で行われる[1]~[14]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[16][1]~[15]のいずれかに記載の方法により製造される網膜細胞又は網膜組織を含有してなる、被検物質の毒性・薬効評価用試薬。
[17][1]~[15]のいずれかに記載の方法により製造される網膜細胞または網膜組織に被検物質を接触させ、該物質が該細胞又は該組織に及ぼす影響を検定することを含む、該物質の毒性・薬効評価方法。
[18][1]~[15]のいずれかに記載の方法により製造される網膜細胞又は網膜組織を含有してなる、網膜組織の障害に基づく疾患の治療薬。
[19]網膜細胞が網膜前駆細胞及び/又は網膜層特異的神経細胞である、[18]に記載の治療薬。
[20][1]~[15]のいずれかに記載の方法により製造される、網膜細胞又は網膜組織の有効量を、移植を必要とする対象に移植することを含む、網膜組織の障害に基づく疾患の治療方法。
[21]網膜組織の障害に基づく疾患の治療における使用のための[1]~[15]のいずれかに記載の方法により製造される網膜細胞又は網膜組織。
[22][1]~[15]のいずれかに記載の方法により製造される網膜細胞又は網膜組織を有効成分として含有する、医薬組成物。
本発明において、「幹細胞」とは、分化能及び分化能を維持した増殖能(特に自己複製能)を有する未分化な細胞を意味する。幹細胞には、分化能力に応じて、多能性幹細胞(pluripotent stem cell)、複能性幹細胞(multipotent stem cell)、単能性幹細胞(unipotent stem cell)等の亜集団が含まれる。多能性幹細胞とは、インビトロにおいて培養することが可能で、かつ、三胚葉(外胚葉、中胚葉、内胚葉)及び/又は胚体外組織由来の組織に属する細胞系譜すべてに分化しうる能力(分化多能性(pluripotency))を有する幹細胞をいう。複能性幹細胞とは、全ての種類ではないが、複数種の組織や細胞へ分化し得る能力を有する幹細胞を意味する。単能性幹細胞とは、特定の組織や細胞へ分化し得る能力を有する幹細胞を意味する。
また、株化された人工多能性幹細胞を入手する事も可能であり、例えば、京都大学で樹立された201B7細胞、201B7-Ff細胞、253G1細胞、253G4細胞、1201C1細胞、1205D1細胞、1210B2細胞又は、1231A3細胞等のヒト人工多能性細胞株が、京都大学及びiPSアカデミアジャパン株式会社より入手可能である。株化された人工多能性幹細胞として、例えば、京都大学で樹立されたFf-I01細胞及びFf-I14細胞は、京都大学より入手可能である。
本発明の製造方法は、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む、網膜細胞又は網膜組織の製造方法である:
(1)ヒト多能性幹細胞を、フィーダー細胞非存在下で、未分化維持因子を含む培地で培養する第一工程、
(2)第一工程で得られた多能性幹細胞を、ソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞の凝集体を形成させる第二工程、及び
(3)第二工程で得られた凝集体を、分化誘導因子の存在下もしくは非存在下に浮遊培養し、網膜細胞もしくは網膜組織を含む凝集体を得る第三工程。
して、毛様体周縁部様構造体の存在を確認することができる。
本発明の製造方法により製造された、網膜組織又は網膜細胞(例、視細胞、網膜前駆細胞、網膜層特異的神経細胞)は、網膜組織又は網膜細胞の障害に基づく疾患の治療薬のスクリーニングや、毒性評価における、疾患研究材料、創薬材料として有用であるので、被検物質の毒性・薬効評価用試薬とすることができる。例えば、網膜組織の障害に基づく疾患、特に遺伝性の障害に基づく疾患のヒト患者から、iPS細胞を作製し、このiPS細胞を用いて本発明の方法により、網膜組織又は網膜細胞(例、視細胞、網膜前駆細胞、網膜層特異的神経細胞)を製造する。網膜組織又は網膜細胞は、その患者が患っている疾患の原因となる網膜組織の障害をインビトロで再現し得る。そこで、本発明は、本発明の製造方法により製造される網膜組織又は網膜細胞(例、視細胞、網膜前駆細胞、網膜層特異的神経細胞)に被検物質を接触させ、該物質が該細胞又は該組織に及ぼす影響を検定することを含む、該物質の毒性・薬効評価方法を提供する。
(工程1)本発明の製造方法により製造された網膜組織又は網膜細胞を、生存可能な培養条件で、一定時間、被検物質の存在下で培養した後、細胞の傷害の程度を測定する工程、
(工程2)本発明の製造方法により製造された網膜組織又は網膜細胞を、生存可能な培養条件で、一定時間、被検物質の非存在下又はポジティブコントロールの存在下で培養した後、細胞の傷害の程度を測定する工程、及び
(工程3)(工程1)及び(工程2)において測定した結果の差異に基づき、工程1における被検物質が有する毒性を評価する工程。
本発明は、本発明の製造方法により製造される網膜組織又は網膜細胞(例、視細胞、網膜前駆細胞、網膜層特異的神経細胞)の有効量を含む医薬組成物を提供する。
本発明の製造方法により製造される網膜組織又は網膜細胞(例、視細胞、網膜組織、網膜前駆細胞、網膜層特異的神経細胞)は、当該網膜組織又は網膜細胞の障害に基づく疾患の移植医療に有用である。そこで、本発明は、本発明の製造方法により製造される網膜組織又は網膜細胞(例、視細胞、網膜前駆細胞、網膜層特異的神経細胞)を含む、当該網膜組織又は網膜細胞の障害に基づく疾患の治療薬を提供する。当該網膜組織又は網膜細胞の障害に基づく疾患の治療薬として、或いは、当該網膜組織の損傷状態において、該当する損傷部位を補充するために、本発明の製造方法により製造された網膜組織又は網膜細胞(網膜前駆細胞、網膜層特異的神経細胞を含む)を用いることが出来る。移植を必要とする、網膜組織又は網膜細胞の障害に基づく疾患、又は網膜組織の損傷状態の患者に、本発明の製造方法により製造された網膜組織又は網膜細胞を移植し、当該網膜細胞や、障害を受けた網膜組織自体を補充することにより、網膜組織又は網膜細胞の障害に基づく疾患、又は網膜組織の損傷状態を治療することが出来る。網膜組織又は網膜細胞の障害に基づく疾患としては、例えば、網膜変性症、網膜色素変性症、加齢黄斑変性症、有機水銀中毒、クロロキン網膜症、緑内障、糖尿病性網膜症、新生児網膜症などが挙げられる。
ヒトiPS細胞(1231A3株、京都大学より入手)を、Scientific Reports, 4, 3594 (2014)に記載の方法に準じてフィーダーフリー条件で培養した。フィーダーフリー培地としてはStemFit培地(AK03、味の素社製)、フィーダーフリー足場にはLaminin511-E8(ニッピ社製)を用いた。
ヒトiPS細胞(1231A3株、京都大学より入手)を、Scientific Reports, 4, 3594 (2014)に記載の方法に準じてフィーダーフリー条件で培養した。フィーダーフリー培地としてはStemFit培地(AK03、味の素社製)、フィーダーフリー足場にはLaminin511-E8(ニッピ社製)を用いた。維持培養操作は、比較例1記載の方法で行った。
ヒトiPS細胞(1231A3株、京都大学より入手)を、「Scientific Reports, 4, 3594 (2014)」に記載の方法に準じてフィーダーフリー条件で培養した。フィーダーフリー培地としてはEssential 8培地(Life Technologies社製)、フィーダーフリー足場にはLaminin511-E8(ニッピ社製)を用いた。
ヒトiPS細胞(201B7株、京都大学より入手)を、Scientific Reports, 4, 3594 (2014)に記載の方法に準じてフィーダーフリー培養した。フィーダーフリー培地としてはEssential 8培地(Life Technologies社製)、フィーダーフリー足場にはLaminin511-E8(ニッピ社製)を用いた。
ヒトiPS細胞(1231A3株、京都大学より入手)を、Scientific Reports, 4, 3594 (2014)に記載の方法に準じてフィーダーフリー培養した。フィーダーフリー培地としてはStemFit培地(AK03、味の素社製)、フィーダーフリー足場にはLaminin511-E8(ニッピ社製)を用いた。
条件1(+BMP、d3)としては、浮遊培養開始後3日目に、外来性のヒト組み換えBMP4の終濃度が1.5 nMになるように、Y27632及びSAGを含まず、ヒト組み換えBMP4(R&D社製)を含む培地を50μl加えた(培地量合計150μl)。浮遊培養開始後6日目に、Y27632、SAG及びヒト組み換えBMP4を含まない培地にて、半量培地交換した。
条件2(+BMP、d6)としては、浮遊培養開始後3日目に、Y27632、SAG及びヒト組み換えBMP4を含まない無血清培地を50μl加えた。浮遊培養開始後6日目に、Y27632及びSAGを含まず、ヒト組み換えBMP4(R&D社製)を含む培地にて、外来性のヒト組み換えBMP4の終濃度が1.5nMになるように半量培地交換した。
実施例4記載の方法で調製したフィーダーフリーヒトiPS細胞(1231A3株)を、TrypLE Select(Life Technologies社製)を用いて単一分散した後、前記単一分散されたヒトiPS細胞を非細胞接着性の96穴培養プレート(PrimeSurface 96V底プレート,住友ベークライト社)の1ウェルあたり1.2×104細胞になるように100μlの無血清培地に浮遊させ、37℃、5%CO2で浮遊培養した。その際の無血清培地(gfCDM+KSR)には、F-12培地とIMDM培地の1:1混合液に10%KSR、450μM 1-モノチオグリセロール、1 x Chemically defined lipid concentrateを添加した無血清培地を用いた。浮遊培養開始時(浮遊培養開始後0日目、工程2開始)に、前記無血清培地にY27632(終濃度20μM)及びSAG(終濃度600nM)を添加した。浮遊培養開始後2日目までに、細胞凝集体が形成された(工程2終了、工程3開始)。
条件1(+BMP、d3)としては、浮遊培養開始後3日目に、外来性のヒト組み換えBMP4の終濃度が1.5 nMになるように、Y27632及びSAGを含まず、ヒト組み換えBMP4(R&D社製)を含む培地を50μl加えた(培地量合計150μl)。浮遊培養開始後6日目に、Y27632、SAG及びヒト組み換えBMP4を含まない培地にて、半量培地交換した。
条件2(+BMP、d6)としては、浮遊培養開始後3日目に、Y27632、SAG及びヒト組み換えBMP4を含まない無血清培地を50μl加えた。浮遊培養開始後6日目に、外来性のヒト組み換えBMP4の終濃度が1.5 nMになるように、Y27632を含まず、ヒト組み換えBMP4(R&D社製)を含む培地にて、半量培地交換した。
ヒトiPS細胞(201B7株、京都大学より入手)を、Scientific Reports, 4, 3594 (2014)に記載の方法に準じてフィーダーフリー培養した。フィーダーフリー培地としてはStem Fit培地(AK-03;味の素社製)、フィーダーフリー足場にはLaminin511-E8(ニッピ社製)を用いた。
ヒトiPS細胞(1231A3株、京都大学より入手)を、Scientific Reports, 4, 3594 (2014)に記載の方法に準じてフィーダーフリー培養した。フィーダーフリー培地としてはStem Fit培地(AK-03;味の素社製)、フィーダーフリー足場にはLaminin511-E8(ニッピ社製)を用いた。
ヒトiPS細胞(DSPC-3株、大日本住友製薬にて樹立)は、市販されているセンダイウイルスベクター(Oct3/4、Sox2、KLF4、c-Mycの4因子、DNAVEC(現ID Pharma)社製サイトチューンキット)を用いて、Life Technologies社の公開プロトコル(iPS 2.0 Sendai Reprogramming Kit、Publication Number MAN0009378、Revision 1.0)、及び、京都大学の公開プロトコル(フィーダーフリーでのヒトiPS細胞の樹立・維持培養、CiRA_Ff-iPSC_protocol_JP_v140310, http://www.cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp/j/research/protocol.html)記載の方法をもとに、StemFit培地 (AK03;味の素社製)、Laminin511-E8(ニッピ社製)を用いて樹立した。
Claims (17)
- 下記工程(1)及び(2)を含む、Oct3/4陽性細胞と、Sox2、Sox1、Nestin及びOtx2からなる群から選択される1以上を発現する細胞とを含む細胞凝集体の製造方法;
(1)ヒト多能性幹細胞を、フィーダー細胞非存在下で、未分化維持因子を含む培地で培養する第一工程、
(2)第一工程で得られた多能性幹細胞を分散し、当該分散した細胞をソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質を含む無血清培地中で12時間~48時間浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる第二工程:
ここで、未分化維持因子はFGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質、TGFβシグナル伝達経路作用物質、及びNodal/Activinシグナル伝達経路作用物質からなる群から選択される1以上の物質である。 - 未分化維持因子が、bFGF、FGF4、FGF8、TGFβ1、TGFβ2、Nodal、ActivinA及びActivinBからなる群から選択される1以上の物質である請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 第二工程における培地中のソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質の濃度が、10nM~700nMのSAGと同等のソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達促進活性を示す濃度である、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- ソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質がSAG、Purmorphamine又はShhである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 第一工程が接着培養法で行われる、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 多能性幹細胞が人工多能性幹細胞である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 均一な凝集体を形成させる、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 未分化性を維持した細胞凝集体を形成させる、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記Oct3/4陽性細胞の割合が、細胞凝集体の全細胞数に対し、50%以上である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 第二工程において、無血清培地により浮遊培養する、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により得られた細胞凝集体を、さらに浮遊培養することを含む、神経系細胞及び神経組織の製造方法。
- 浮遊培養が、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質を含まない培地中で行われる、請求項11に記載の製造方法。
- 神経系細胞及び神経組織が、Sox2及び/又はPax6を発現する細胞を含む、請求項11又は12に記載の製造方法。
- 神経組織が神経上皮構造を含む、請求項11~13のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記更なる浮遊培養において、ソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質を含まない培地を用いて浮遊培養する、又は、ソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質の培地中の濃度を段階的に低減させて浮遊培養する、請求項11~14のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記ソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質の培地中の濃度の低減が、培地の半量を、ソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質を含まない、無血清培地又は血清培地に培地交換することによって為される、請求項15に記載の製造方法。
- 前記培地交換が、1~4回実施される、請求項16に記載の製造方法。
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