WO2016063577A1 - 血圧測定方法、血圧測定装置、血圧測定プログラム及びそのプログラムを記録する記録媒体 - Google Patents
血圧測定方法、血圧測定装置、血圧測定プログラム及びそのプログラムを記録する記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a blood pressure measurement method, a blood pressure measurement device, a blood pressure measurement program, and a recording medium for recording the program.
- a method for obtaining a blood pressure value by analyzing a pulse wave is known.
- an acceleration pulse wave obtained by second-order differentiation of a volume pulse wave is obtained, and a value of diastolic blood pressure is estimated based on a time interval between two feature points in the acceleration pulse wave.
- the volume pulse wave, the velocity pulse wave obtained by first derivative of the volume pulse wave, and the acceleration pulse wave obtained by second derivative of the volume pulse wave are converted into blood pressure.
- Various related feature values are calculated, and a value of diastolic blood pressure or systolic blood pressure is calculated based on the calculated various feature values.
- a non-invasive blood pressure measurement method there is also known a method for obtaining not only a blood pressure value at a predetermined time but also a series of blood pressure values that change over time.
- infrared light is transmitted into the body, the frequency of the reflected wave from the body is acquired, and the blood pressure is measured by performing calibration based on the frequency. .
- the maximum frequency and the minimum frequency of the reflected wave from the body are set to the highest blood pressure (systolic blood pressure) and the lowest blood pressure (diastolic blood pressure) measured in advance by the cuff compression method or the like. This is performed by approximating the blood pressure value as a linear function related to association and frequency.
- An object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide a blood pressure measurement method and a blood pressure measurement device that can easily and accurately obtain a series of blood pressure values that change over time.
- the time waveform based on the plethysmogram can be obtained as a waveform similar to the blood pressure waveform indicating the temporal change in blood pressure, and the time waveform based on the plethysmogram has a DN point corresponding to the dichroic notch point in the blood pressure waveform. Appears.
- the dichroic notch point in the blood pressure waveform is a change point of blood pressure caused by the closing of the heart's arterial valve due to a decrease in blood flow, and the blood pressure value at this change point is substantially constant regardless of the subject's exercise state. .
- the present inventors use the blood pressure value at the dichroic notch point in the blood pressure waveform as a reference value, and correct the time waveform so that the time waveform value at the DN point in the time waveform becomes the reference value. It has been found that a waveform corresponding to can be acquired.
- one aspect of the present invention is a method for acquiring a temporal change in blood pressure, a pulse wave acquiring step for acquiring a time waveform based on a volume pulse wave, and showing the temporal change in blood pressure in the time waveform.
- a DN point detecting step for detecting a DN point corresponding to a dichroic notch point in the blood pressure waveform, a waveform for correcting a time waveform so that the time waveform value at the DN point becomes a predetermined blood pressure value, and acquiring a temporal change in blood pressure A correction step.
- a DN point corresponding to a dichroic notch point in the blood pressure waveform is detected in the time waveform, and the time waveform is corrected so that the time waveform value at the DN point becomes a predetermined blood pressure value.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is an apparatus that acquires a temporal change in blood pressure, a pulse wave acquisition unit that acquires a time waveform based on a volume pulse wave, and a disc in a blood pressure waveform that indicates the temporal change in blood pressure in the time waveform.
- a waveform correction unit that detects a DN point corresponding to the rottic notch point, corrects the time waveform so that the time waveform value at the DN point becomes a predetermined blood pressure value, and acquires a temporal change in blood pressure;
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a program for causing a computer to perform blood pressure measurement for acquiring a temporal change in blood pressure, in a pulse wave acquisition process for acquiring a time waveform based on a volume pulse wave, and in the time waveform DN point detection processing for detecting a DN point corresponding to a dichroic notch point in a blood pressure waveform indicating a temporal change in blood pressure, correcting the time waveform so that the time waveform value at the DN point becomes a predetermined blood pressure value, and blood pressure And a waveform correction process for acquiring a time change.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a computer-readable recording medium for recording the blood pressure measurement program.
- the above blood pressure measurement device, blood pressure measurement program, and recording medium exhibit the same operations and effects as the blood pressure measurement method described above.
- a blood pressure measurement method a blood pressure measurement device, a blood pressure measurement program, and a recording medium for recording the program, in which a series of blood pressure values that change with time can be accurately and easily obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a blood pressure measurement system including a computer that is a blood pressure measurement device according to a first embodiment of one aspect of the present invention. It is a functional block diagram of the computer in FIG. It is a figure explaining the method of acquiring the pulse wave waveform by a pulse wave acquisition part. It is a figure explaining the correspondence of a blood pressure waveform and a pulse wave waveform. It is the conceptual diagram which physically modeled the aortic valve. It is a figure explaining the 1st correction process in the correction method of the pulse wave waveform by a waveform correction part. It is a figure explaining the 2nd correction process in the correction method of the pulse wave waveform by a waveform correction part. It is a hardware block diagram of the computer in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a blood pressure measurement system including a blood pressure measurement device according to a first embodiment of one aspect of the present invention.
- the blood pressure measurement system 1 includes a pulse wave measurement device 10 and a computer 20 (blood pressure measurement device).
- the pulse wave measuring device 10 measures a volume pulse wave in a living body serving as a subject (a subject for measuring blood pressure), for example, using near infrared spectroscopy called so-called NIRS (Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy).
- the volume pulse wave is obtained by measuring a change in blood flow over time at a predetermined position of a living body from a surface of the living body and capturing it as a waveform.
- the pulse wave measurement device 10 includes a probe 11 and a measurement unit 12.
- the probe 11 is attached to the surface of the living body H to be a subject (in this embodiment, the palm).
- the probe 11 has a light source and a light detector.
- the probe 11 irradiates near infrared light from the light source from the surface of the living body H toward the inside, and detects reflected light from the inside of the living body H with a photodetector. To do. Thereby, the light absorbency when light passes through the inside of the living body H is obtained. Since this absorbance changes according to the blood flow volume at the position where the probe 11 is attached in the living body H, this change in absorbance with time corresponds to a volume pulse wave. Examples of components that absorb light in the bloodstream include red blood cells, hemoglobin contained in red blood cells, and water.
- the probe 11 outputs a signal indicating the detected absorbance to the measurement unit 12.
- the measuring unit 12 is connected to the probe 11 by a cable 32 and controls the probe 11.
- the measurement unit 12 receives a signal indicating the absorbance detected by the probe 11 and measures the absorbance over time. Thereby, the measurement part 12 measures a volume pulse wave.
- the measurement unit 12 transmits information indicating the measured volume pulse wave to the computer 20 immediately or at predetermined intervals by wireless communication. Note that the measurement unit 12 may transmit the information to the computer 20 by wired communication via a cable or the like.
- the computer 20 receives the information indicating the plethysmogram transmitted from the measuring unit 12, and performs a waveform correction process described later on the plethysmogram based on the received information. As a result, the computer 20 acquires a waveform corresponding to a blood pressure waveform indicating a temporal change in blood pressure.
- a waveform corresponding to a blood pressure waveform indicating a temporal change in blood pressure indicating a temporal change in blood pressure.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the computer 20 in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the computer 20 includes a pulse wave acquisition unit 21, a waveform correction unit 22, a blood pressure calculation unit 23, and a display unit 24.
- the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 acquires a time waveform based on the volume pulse wave based on the information indicating the volume pulse wave transmitted from the pulse wave measuring device 10 described above.
- the time waveform based on the volume pulse wave is a volume pulse wave waveform that is a waveform of the volume pulse wave or a waveform obtained by time differentiation of the volume pulse wave. That is, the time waveform may be the waveform of the volume pulse wave itself, or may be a waveform obtained by time differentiation of the volume pulse wave. Moreover, the time differentiation of the volume pulse wave may be performed a plurality of times.
- a waveform obtained by first-order differentiation of the volume pulse wave with respect to time is referred to as a time waveform based on the volume pulse wave, and is simply referred to as “pulse wave waveform”.
- a time waveform value (waveform intensity value) at an arbitrary point of the time waveform is simply referred to as a “pulse waveform value”.
- FIG. 3 is a graph which shows the volume pulse wave measured by the pulse wave measuring apparatus 10, a horizontal axis shows time, and a vertical axis
- shaft shows the waveform intensity of a volume pulse wave.
- FIG. 3B is a graph showing the pulse waveform, the horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates the waveform intensity of the pulse waveform.
- the volume pulse wave and the pulse wave waveform have a shape that depends on a blood pressure waveform (see FIG. 4B) showing a temporal change in blood pressure.
- the pulse waveform shown in (b) of FIG. 3 has a shape very similar to a blood pressure waveform showing a temporal change in blood pressure. Details of the correspondence between the blood pressure waveform and the pulse wave waveform will be described later in the description of the waveform correction unit 22.
- the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 outputs the acquired pulse wave waveform to the waveform correction unit 22 and the display unit 24.
- the waveform correction unit 22 corrects the pulse wave waveform output from the pulse wave acquisition unit 21. Specifically, the waveform correction unit 22 corrects the pulse waveform based on the dichroic notch point in the blood pressure waveform based on the correspondence relationship between the blood pressure waveform indicating the temporal change in blood pressure and the pulse waveform.
- the dichroic notch point in the blood pressure waveform is a change point of blood pressure caused by closing the aortic valve due to a decrease in blood flow.
- the dichroic notch point is simply referred to as “notch point”, and the notch point will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
- FIG. 4 is a graph which shows a blood pressure waveform, a horizontal axis shows time, and a vertical axis
- shaft shows blood pressure.
- FIG. 4B is a graph showing a pulse wave waveform, where the horizontal axis shows time, and the vertical axis shows the waveform intensity of the pulse wave waveform.
- the blood pressure waveform and the pulse wave waveform have shapes that are very similar to each other.
- the blood pressure waveform has a diastolic blood pressure P min that is the lowest in the diastole, a systolic blood pressure P max that is the highest in the systole, and a change point caused by the closure of the aortic valve. And a certain notch point PDN .
- P min diastolic blood pressure
- P max systolic blood pressure
- pulse wave waveform and the lowest point Q min corresponding to diastolic blood pressure P min, and the highest point Q max corresponding to the systolic blood pressure P max, And a DN point Q DN corresponding to the notch point P DN .
- the blood pressure waveform and the pulse wave waveform are in a corresponding relationship, and the shape of the pulse wave waveform depends on the shape of the blood pressure waveform.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram in which the aortic valve is physically modeled.
- the aortic valve V is physically modeled as a valve having a rotary spring with a predetermined initial load.
- the aortic valve V is located in the blood outflow path A from the left ventricle of the heart to the aorta.
- the aortic valve V is opened by the blood flow.
- the blood pressure value at the moment when the valve is closed depends only on the magnitude of the predetermined initial load. Therefore, it can be assumed that the blood pressure value at the notch point P DN is a substantially constant value for each subject regardless of the subject's motion state.
- the waveform correction unit 22 uses the blood pressure value at the notch point P DN measured in advance as a reference value, for example, so that the pulse waveform value at the DN point Q DN in the pulse waveform becomes the reference value. Correct the waveform. Specifically, the waveform correction unit 22 corrects the pulse wave waveform including the following first correction process and second correction process.
- the correction method of the pulse waveform by the waveform correction unit 22 will be described in detail.
- FIG. 6A is a graph showing the pulse wave waveform before the first correction processing, the horizontal axis shows time, and the vertical axis shows the waveform intensity.
- FIG. 6B is a graph showing the pulse waveform after the first correction process, the horizontal axis shows time, and the vertical axis shows waveform intensity.
- the waveform correction unit 22 detects the lowest point Q min and the highest point Q max in the pulse wave waveform acquired by the pulse wave acquisition unit 21. Then, the waveform correction unit 22 calculates a ratio between the detected lowest point Q min and the highest point Q max and applies the pulse wave waveform acquired by the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 so that the ratio becomes a predetermined value. Add the addition coefficient.
- the predetermined value here is set in advance based on, for example, the ratio of the diastolic blood pressure P min and the systolic blood pressure P max in the blood pressure waveform of the subject calculated or measured in advance.
- the ratio of the diastolic blood pressure P min and the systolic blood pressure P max in the blood pressure waveform of the subject may be calculated from statistical data in advance, for example, or may be preliminarily indirect methods such as cuff compression or open It may be measured by a direct method such as a method, or may be calculated by frequency analysis of the volume pulse wave.
- FIG. 6 shows an example in which the ratio of the diastolic blood pressure P min and the systolic blood pressure P max in the blood pressure waveform of the subject is about 1: 1.5.
- the waveform correction unit 22 sets each of the waveform intensities for each time indicated in the pulse waveform so that the ratio between the lowest point Q min and the highest point Q max in the pulse waveform is about 1: 1.5. Add an addition coefficient to. Thereby, in the pulse wave waveform after the first correction process, the ratio of the lowest point Qmin to the highest point Qmax is about 1: 1.5.
- FIG. 7A is a graph showing the pulse wave waveform before the second correction processing, the horizontal axis shows time, and the vertical axis shows waveform intensity.
- FIG. 7B is a graph of the pulse waveform after the second correction process, the horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates waveform intensity.
- the waveform correction unit 22 detects the DN point Q DN in the pulse wave waveform after the first correction process. Then, the waveform correction unit 22 multiplies the pulse wave waveform after the first correction processing by a multiplication coefficient so that the detected pulse wave waveform value at the DN point Q DN becomes a predetermined blood pressure value.
- the predetermined blood pressure value here is set in advance based on the blood pressure value at the notch point PDN in the blood pressure waveform of the subject calculated or measured in advance.
- the blood pressure value at the notch point PDN in the blood pressure waveform of the subject may be calculated in advance from statistical data, for example, or by an indirect method such as a cuff compression method or a direct method such as an open method. May be measured.
- FIG. 7 shows an example in which the blood pressure value at the notch point PDN in the blood pressure waveform of the subject is about 90 mmHg.
- the waveform correction unit 22 performs first-order differentiation for each time indicated in the pulse waveform so that the pulse waveform value of the DN point Q DN detected in the pulse waveform after the first correction processing is about 90 mmHg. Multiply each absorbance by a multiplication factor. Thereby, in the pulse wave waveform after the second correction processing, the pulse wave waveform value at the DN point Q DN is about 90 mmHg.
- the pulse wave waveform becomes a waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform. That is, the waveform correction unit 22 acquires a waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform.
- the waveform correction unit 22 reconstructs the pulse waveform after the second correction processing from a specific frequency component of a power spectrum obtained by, for example, Fourier transform, thereby reflecting in the artery.
- the influence of waves may be reduced. Further, for example, the physiological influence in the living body may be reduced by reconstructing the waveform after reducing or removing the low frequency component in the power spectrum.
- the waveform correction unit 22 outputs a waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform to the blood pressure calculation unit 23 and the display unit 24.
- the blood pressure calculation unit 23 calculates a blood pressure value based on a waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform output from the waveform correction unit 22 (see FIG. 7B).
- the blood pressure calculation unit 23 calculates a blood pressure value at each time point, or calculates a blood pressure value at a preset time point. Further, the blood pressure calculation unit 23 may integrate the blood pressure values over a plurality of cycles, or may calculate a blood pressure value that becomes an average blood pressure for each cycle.
- the display unit 24 displays a pulse wave waveform output from the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 (see FIG. 3B) and a waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform output from the waveform correction unit 22 (see FIG. 7B). And at least one of the blood pressure values calculated by the blood pressure calculation unit 23 is displayed on, for example, a display of the computer 20 described later.
- the display unit 24 may display a waveform corresponding to a pulse wave waveform or a blood pressure waveform that has been Fourier-transformed.
- the current blood pressure value may be displayed in real time, and the maximum and minimum blood pressure values and the average blood pressure value for each cycle may be displayed.
- the pulse rate may be displayed by the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 so that the pulse rate is displayed simultaneously with the waveform and the blood pressure value.
- FIG. 8 shows a hardware configuration of the computer 20 in FIG.
- the computer 20 physically includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 101 that is a processor, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 102 and a ROM (Read Only Memory) 103 that are recording media, and a wireless communication module. 104, an antenna 105, an operation module 106, a display 107, and the like. Each of these components is electrically connected to each other.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- RAM Random Access Memory
- ROM Read Only Memory
- Each of the functions of the computer 20 described above causes a blood pressure measurement program to be read on hardware such as the CPU 101 and the RAM 102, thereby controlling the wireless communication module 104, the antenna 105, the operation module 106, and the display 107 under the control of the CPU 101. And the like, and the reading and writing of data in the RAM 102 are performed.
- the above is the configuration of the computer 20 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the blood pressure measurement method according to the first embodiment.
- the ratio between the diastolic blood pressure P min and the systolic blood pressure P max and the blood pressure value at the notch point P DN are set in the computer 20 in advance.
- the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 determines the volume pulse based on the information indicating the volume pulse wave transmitted from the pulse wave measurement device 10.
- a pulse wave waveform based on the wave is acquired (S1: pulse wave acquisition step).
- the acquired pulse wave waveform is corrected by the waveform correction unit 22 (S2: waveform correction step).
- S2 waveform correction step
- the blood pressure calculation unit 23 calculates a blood pressure value based on the corrected pulse waveform, that is, a waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform (S3: blood pressure calculation step).
- the display unit 24 calculates the pulse wave waveform acquired in the pulse wave acquisition step S1, the waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform acquired in the waveform correction step S2 (corrected pulse waveform), and calculated in the blood pressure calculation step S3.
- At least one of the measured blood pressure values is displayed on the display 107 of the computer 20 (S4: display step).
- the blood pressure measurement method may not include the blood pressure calculation step S3 and the display step S4.
- the display step S4 may be performed between the pulse wave acquisition step S1 and the waveform correction step S2, or between the waveform correction step S2 and the blood pressure calculation step S3.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a detailed procedure in the waveform correction step S2 shown in FIG.
- the waveform correction unit 22 performs the following steps S21 to S24. First, the lowest point Q min and maximum Q max in the pulse waveform is detected (S21). Subsequently, a ratio between the lowest point Qmin and the highest point Qmax is calculated, and the pulse wave waveform is corrected based on the ratio (S22). Specifically, the pulse waveform at each time is such that the ratio between the lowest point Q min and the highest point Q max is the ratio between the diastolic blood pressure P min and the systolic blood pressure P max set in advance in the computer 20. An addition coefficient is added to each value.
- the DN point Q DN in the corrected pulse wave waveform is detected by performing the processes of S21 to S22 (S23: DN point detecting step).
- the pulse waveform is corrected based on the pulse waveform value at the DN point Q DN in the pulse waveform (S24). Specifically, the pulse wave waveform value at each time is multiplied by a multiplication coefficient so that the pulse wave waveform value at the DN point Q DN becomes the blood pressure value at the notch point P DN set in the computer 20 in advance.
- the waveform correction processing is completed by the waveform correction unit 22, and a waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform is acquired.
- the processing of S21 and S22 (first correction processing) and the processing of S23 and S24 (second correction processing) may be performed in the reverse order. That is, with respect to the pulse waveform corrected based on the pulse waveform value at DN point Q DN , the ratio between the lowest point Q min and the highest point Q max of the corrected pulse waveform becomes a predetermined value.
- the corrected pulse waveform may be further corrected. Further, the detection of the lowest point Q min and the highest point Q max in S21 and the detection of the DN point Q DN in S23 may be performed collectively before the processing of S22 and S24.
- the pulse waveform, DN point Q DN is detected corresponding to the notch point P DN in the blood pressure waveform, the DN point Q DN
- the pulse waveform is corrected so that the pulse waveform value becomes a predetermined blood pressure value. Therefore, for example, using the blood pressure value at the notch point P DN in the blood pressure waveform measured in advance as a reference value, the pulse wave waveform is corrected so that the pulse waveform value at the DN point Q DN in the pulse waveform becomes the reference value.
- a waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform can be acquired. Thereby, a series of blood pressure values that change with time can be easily and accurately obtained.
- the pulse wave waveform acquired in the pulse wave acquisition step S1 is a waveform obtained by time-differentiating the volume pulse wave. For this reason, the DN point Q DN becomes clearer in the waveform, so that the DN point Q DN can be easily detected.
- the pulse wave waveform acquired in the pulse wave acquisition step S1 is a volume pulse waveform
- the waveform of the volume pulse wave can be corrected so that the pulse waveform value of DN becomes the reference value.
- a waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform can be acquired based on the waveform of the volume pulse wave, and a series of blood pressure values that change over time can be easily and accurately obtained.
- the blood pressure value at each time point can be obtained by calculating the blood pressure value based on the waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform acquired in the waveform correction step S2. .
- the pulse waveform that performs correction based on the pulse waveform value at the DN point Q DN is a ratio between the diastolic blood pressure P min and the systolic blood pressure P max measured in advance. Is a pulse wave waveform corrected based on the ratio of the lowest point Q min and the highest point Q max in the pulse wave waveform. Therefore, since the DN point becomes clearer in the pulse wave waveform, the DN point can be easily detected, and the waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform can be acquired more accurately.
- the diastolic blood pressure Pmin and the systolic phase that are measured in advance.
- the ratio between the lowest point Q min and the highest point Q max in the pulse waveform corrected based on the pulse waveform value at the DN point Q DN is corrected using the ratio with the blood pressure P max as a reference value. Therefore, the waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform can be acquired more accurately.
- the pulse wave waveform acquired in the pulse wave acquisition step S1 the waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform acquired by correction in the waveform correction step S2, and the blood pressure calculation step S3 At least one of the blood pressure values calculated in is displayed. For this reason, the pulse wave waveform, the waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform, or the information on the blood pressure value can be visualized, and the information can be visually recognized by the measurer.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a blood pressure measurement device according to the second embodiment of one aspect of the present invention.
- a communication terminal 40 such as a smartphone functions as a blood pressure measurement device.
- a communication terminal such as a smartphone is included in a computer including a processor, a storage medium, and the like.
- the communication terminal 40 has the same function as the computer 20 according to the first embodiment. That is, similarly to the computer 20, the communication terminal 40 has functions as a pulse wave acquisition unit 21, a waveform correction unit 22, a blood pressure calculation unit 23, and a display unit 24.
- the communication terminal 40 is different from the computer 20 in that the communication terminal 40 also has a function as the pulse wave measurement device 10 according to the first embodiment. That is, the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 of the communication terminal 40 is a light source (light irradiation device) 16 that irradiates light inside the living body H that is a subject, and light that is emitted from the light source 16 and passes through the inside of the living body H. And a photodetector 17 for detecting the detected light.
- the light source 16 is a flash lamp of the communication terminal 40, for example.
- the photodetector 17 is a camera of the communication terminal 40, for example.
- the communication terminal 40 may include a light source 16 dedicated to pulse wave measurement and a photodetector 17 separately from the flash lamp and the camera.
- a tablet computer or the like is also included in a computer including a processor, a storage medium, and the like, and a tablet computer or the like may be used instead of the communication terminal 40.
- the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 receives light from the light source 16 in a state where the surface of the living body H (for example, a finger) serving as a subject is placed on both the light source 16 and the photodetector 17 of the communication terminal 40. Is irradiated from the surface of the living body H toward the inside. Then, the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 detects the reflected light from the living body H with the photodetector 17. Thereby, the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 acquires a volume pulse wave. Subsequently, the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 acquires a pulse wave waveform in the same manner as in the first embodiment based on the volume pulse wave acquired by itself. And the waveform equivalent to a blood pressure waveform is acquired by correct
- the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 in the communication terminal 40 includes the light source 16 and the photodetector 17. Therefore, by detecting the light emitted from the light source 16 in the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 and transmitted through the inside of the living body H by the photodetector 17 in the pulse wave acquisition unit 21, the communication terminal which is a blood pressure measurement device The pulse wave waveform can be easily obtained without providing the pulse wave measuring device 10 separately from 40.
- one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and may be modified without changing the gist described in each claim, or It may be applied to other things.
- a pulse wave measuring apparatus 10A in which a measuring instrument and a probe are integrated may be used as in the modification shown in FIG.
- the pulse wave measuring device 10 ⁇ / b> A is attached to the surface of the living body H and includes, for example, a communication unit 13, a processing unit 14, a power supply unit 15, a light source 16, and a photodetector 17. Also in the blood pressure measurement device according to this modification, a series of blood pressure values that change with time can be easily and accurately obtained, as in the above embodiment.
- the computer 20 is a blood pressure measurement device, but a configuration including the pulse wave measurement devices 10 and 10A may be a blood pressure measurement device.
- the surface of the living body H to be a subject may be other than the palm or finger, and may be a forehead, an upper arm, a neck, an earlobe, or the like.
- the time waveform may be a volume pulse wave waveform.
- the waveform of the volume pulse wave can be corrected so that the time waveform value at the DN point becomes the reference value in the waveform of the volume pulse wave. Accordingly, a waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform can be acquired based on the waveform of the volume pulse wave, and a series of blood pressure values that change with time can be easily obtained with high accuracy.
- the time waveform may be a waveform obtained by time-differentiating the volume pulse wave.
- the DN point becomes clearer in the waveform obtained by time-differentiating the volume pulse wave, the DN point can be easily detected.
- the time waveform is a ratio between the lowest point and the highest point of the volume pulse waveform with respect to the volume pulse waveform which is a waveform of the volume pulse wave or a waveform obtained by time differentiation of the volume pulse wave.
- the waveform may be corrected so that becomes a predetermined value. In this case, since the DN point becomes clearer in the volume pulse wave waveform, the DN point can be easily detected.
- the corrected time waveform is adjusted so that the ratio between the lowest point and the highest point of the corrected time waveform becomes a predetermined value with respect to the corrected time waveform. Further correction may be made.
- the ratio between the lowest point and the highest point in the time waveform corrected based on the DN point is set to the reference value with the ratio of the diastolic blood pressure and the systolic blood pressure measured in advance as the reference value.
- the corrected time waveform can be further corrected. Thereby, the waveform corresponding to the blood pressure waveform can be acquired more accurately.
- the blood pressure measurement method may further include a blood pressure calculation step of calculating a blood pressure value based on the corrected time waveform.
- a blood pressure calculation step of calculating a blood pressure value based on the corrected time waveform.
- the blood pressure measurement method may further include a display step of displaying at least one of the time waveform, the corrected time waveform, and the blood pressure value.
- the time waveform, the corrected time waveform, or the blood pressure value information can be visualized, and this information can be visually recognized by the measurer.
- the time waveform may be a volume pulse wave waveform.
- the time waveform may be a waveform obtained by time-differentiating the volume pulse wave.
- the time waveform is a ratio of the lowest point and the highest point of the volume pulse waveform to the volume pulse waveform which is a waveform of the volume pulse wave or a waveform obtained by time differentiation of the volume pulse wave.
- the waveform may be corrected so that becomes a predetermined value.
- the waveform correction unit generates a corrected time waveform such that a ratio between the lowest point and the highest point of the corrected time waveform becomes a predetermined value with respect to the corrected time waveform. Further correction may be made.
- the blood pressure measurement device may further include a blood pressure calculation unit that calculates a blood pressure value based on the corrected time waveform.
- the blood pressure measurement device may further include a display unit that displays at least one of the time waveform, the corrected time waveform, and the blood pressure value.
- the pulse wave acquisition unit includes an irradiation device that irradiates light into the living body and a photodetector that detects light transmitted through the living body. May be.
- the pulse wave measurement is performed separately from the blood pressure measurement device by detecting the light emitted from the irradiation device in the pulse wave acquisition unit and transmitted through the inside of the living body by the photodetector in the pulse wave acquisition unit.
- a time waveform can be easily acquired without providing a device.
- the highest and lowest blood pressure ratio P Tmax : P Tmin corresponding to the ratio between the diastolic blood pressure P min and the systolic blood pressure P max in the blood pressure waveform of the subject is obtained by, for example, performing a Fourier transform on the pulse wave waveform in the computer 20.
- a waveform spectrum may be generated and calculated based on the pulse waveform spectrum.
- the maximum and minimum blood pressure ratio P Tmax : P Tmin is calculated based on the following formula (1).
- the pulse waveform spectrum may be generated from a pulse waveform corrected based on the pulse waveform value at DN point QDN .
- Equation (1) n represents a positive integer, f 1 indicates a frequency corresponding to the pulse rate, f n denotes the frequency of n times the frequency corresponding to the pulse rate.
- the frequency f 1 corresponding to a pulse is a frequency range corresponding to a pulse that a human body can take, and is, for example, about 0.5 Hz to 3.7 Hz.
- the frequency f 1 corresponding to the pulse fluctuates within the frequency range (about 0.5 Hz to 3.7 Hz) corresponding to the pulse that the human body can take due to fluctuations of the living body, and the frequency f n also fluctuates accordingly. To do.
- P ′ F (f 1 ) represents the spectral intensity of the first harmonic wave
- P ′ F (f n ) represents the spectral intensity of the n harmonic wave.
- the spectrum intensity of the 1st harmonic is, for example, the peak value of the spectrum intensity of the 1st harmonic
- the spectrum intensity of the nth harmonic is, for example, the peak value of the spectrum intensity of the nth harmonic.
- the maximum and minimum blood pressure ratio P Tmax : P Tmin is calculated.
- a peak value of a spectrum intensity of 30 Hz or less is not reflected in the calculation result up to such noise. You may use, Preferably you may use the peak value of the spectral intensity of 20 Hz or less.
- the maximum and minimum blood pressure ratio P Tmax : P Tmin may be calculated based on the sum of the intensities of the relative blood pressure waveform spectra of the 1st harmonic group or more. Specifically, the maximum and minimum blood pressure ratio P Tmax : P Tmin may be calculated based on the following mathematical formula (2).
- Formula (2) shows the statistically significant correspondence newly found as a result of the present inventors' extensive research. The details of the correspondence relationship and Expression (2) will be described later. However, in Equation (2), n represents a positive integer, f 1 indicates a frequency corresponding to the pulse rate, f n denotes the frequency of n times the frequency corresponding to the pulse rate.
- the wave groups of frequencies of a predetermined range of frequency f 1 corresponding to the pulse rate with include frequency f 1 corresponding to the pulse, the 1-fold waves.
- the 1st harmonic group is a spectrum in a range of a predetermined effective width centered on the peak value of the spectral intensity of the 1st harmonic, for example.
- the spectrum intensity of the 1st harmonic group is, for example, an integrated value of spectrum intensity within a predetermined effective width.
- the wave groups of the frequency of a predetermined range of n times the frequency f n and the n-fold waves with include frequency f n of the n times the frequency f 1 corresponding to the pulse rate.
- the n-th harmonic group is a spectrum in a range of a predetermined effective width centered on the peak value of the spectral intensity of the n-th harmonic, for example.
- the spectral intensity of the nth harmonic group is, for example, an integrated value of spectral intensity within a predetermined effective width. A specific example of the predetermined effective width will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the pulse waveform spectrum P 'and the sum of the peak value of the spectral intensity of more than 1-fold waves of F, the pulse waveform spectrum P' peak value of the spectrum intensity of 1 ⁇ waves in F The maximum and minimum blood pressure ratio P Tmax : P Tmin may be calculated.
- a component having a frequency higher than 30 Hz in the pulse wave waveform spectrum P ′ F is noise, an integral value of the spectrum intensity of 30 Hz or less is not reflected in the calculation result up to such noise.
- An integral value of spectral intensity of 20 Hz or less may be preferably used.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing a blood pressure waveform measured by an open-type catheter sphygmomanometer.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 13 indicates time [s], and the vertical axis in FIG. 13 indicates blood pressure [mmHg].
- the maximum blood pressure value P Tmax indicates about 130 mmHg
- the minimum blood pressure value P Tmin indicates about 70 mmHg. Therefore, the ratio between the highest blood pressure value P Tmax and the lowest blood pressure value P Tmin , that is, the highest and lowest blood pressure ratio is about 1.86.
- the blood pressure waveform is mainly composed of a first harmonic wave (main wave) of the frequency f 1 corresponding to the pulse and an n harmonic wave of the frequency f n higher than the frequency f 1.
- the blood pressure waveform shown in FIG. When the Fourier transform is performed, a power spectrum as shown in FIG. 14 is obtained.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing a power spectrum obtained by Fourier transforming the blood pressure waveform shown in FIG.
- the power spectrum is normalized by the spectral intensity of the 1st harmonic, the horizontal axis of FIG. 14 indicates the frequency [Hz], and the vertical axis of FIG. 14 indicates the spectral intensity.
- ratio based on spectrum intensity is also substantially equal to the maximum / minimum blood pressure ratio obtained from the blood pressure waveform shown in FIG. Specifically, in the power spectrum shown in FIG.
- the present inventors have confirmed that the correspondence shown in the above mathematical formula (1) is statistically significant by the following experiment.
- the present inventors have shown that blood pressure changes in cynomolgus monkey blood pressure while changing blood pressure by applying isoflurane anesthetics with different concentrations to cynomolgus monkeys in a state where an invasive sphygmomanometer is installed in the leg artery with respect to cynomolgus monkeys.
- the waveform was measured continuously.
- FIG. 15 shows changes in blood pressure of cynomolgus monkeys due to anesthetics.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 15 indicates time, and the vertical axis in FIG. 15 indicates blood pressure.
- the ratio based on the spectrum intensity obtained by Fourier transforming the blood pressure waveform falls within a range of ⁇ 5% of the ratio of the highest blood pressure to the lowest blood pressure obtained by an experiment performed on cynomolgus monkeys. It was confirmed that
- the accuracy of the relationship represented by the above mathematical formula (1) depends on the frequency resolution of the Fourier transform.
- one pulse wave is considered, ideally there is no wave having a frequency other than an integer multiple of the frequency corresponding to the pulse.
- waves of frequencies other than an integer multiple of the frequency corresponding to the pulse are included due to biological fluctuations.
- the frequency resolution by Fourier transform depends on the length of the time waveform before the conversion in principle, but since the actually measured time waveform has a finite length, the spectrum of the time waveform is completely separated by frequency. It is not possible.
- the spectrum of each integral multiple wave includes the spectrum of waves other than the integral multiple around it.
- waves other than integer multiples can be removed, and the accuracy of the relationship represented by the above mathematical formula (1) increases.
- the lower the frequency resolution the lower the accuracy due to the influence of waves other than integer multiples.
- the correspondence shown by the above formula (1) is statistically significant.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the spread of the power spectrum of the blood pressure waveform due to biological fluctuations.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 17 indicates the frequency [Hz], and the vertical axis in FIG. 17 indicates the spectrum intensity.
- a graph 10a in FIG. 17 shows a power spectrum of an ideal blood pressure waveform ignoring biological fluctuations
- a graph 10b in FIG. 17 shows a power spectrum of a blood pressure waveform including waves other than integer multiples due to biological fluctuations.
- the graph 10b showing the power spectrum of a blood pressure waveform including waves other than an integral multiple due to biological fluctuations has a wider peak at each peak than the graph 10a showing the power spectrum of an ideal blood pressure waveform ignoring biological fluctuations. It has become.
- the present inventors have added the sum of the spectrum intensities of the 1st harmonic group and the 1st harmonic group and the 1st harmonic group. It has been found that the ratio with the spectral intensity is substantially equal to the ratio between the maximum blood pressure value P Tmax and the minimum blood pressure value P Tmin . That is, it has been found that the correspondence shown by the mathematical formula (2) is established.
- the maximum-minimum blood pressure ratio can be obtained from the integral value of the spectrum intensity within a predetermined effective range including each peak value as described above.
- the predetermined effective width may be a frequency width W1 that is a half value of the peak value of the spectrum intensity of the n-th harmonic wave, for example, as shown in FIG. ) May be a frequency width W2 divided at the center between adjacent n-th harmonic frequencies.
- the optimum frequency resolution or the effective width of the spectrum group may be set as appropriate in consideration of the device characteristics of the blood pressure ratio calculation device or biological fluctuations.
- the blood pressure measurement program includes a main module, a pulse wave acquisition module, a DN point detection module, and a waveform correction module.
- the main module is a part that controls the blood pressure measurement process centrally.
- the pulse wave acquisition module is a part that performs a pulse wave acquisition process.
- the function realized by executing the pulse wave acquisition module is the same as the function of the pulse wave acquisition unit 21 of the computer 20 described above.
- the DN point detection module is a part that performs DN point detection processing
- the waveform correction module is a part that performs waveform correction processing.
- the functions realized by executing the DN point detection module and the waveform correction module are the same as the functions of the waveform correction unit 22 of the computer 20 described above.
- the blood pressure measurement program is provided by a recording medium such as a CD-ROM, DVD or ROM, or a semiconductor memory, for example.
- the blood pressure measurement program may be provided via a network as a computer data signal superimposed on a carrier wave.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a program for causing a computer to execute blood pressure measurement for acquiring a temporal change in blood pressure, the computer using the pulse wave acquisition unit for acquiring a time waveform based on a volume pulse wave, and a time waveform.
- a DN point detection unit for detecting a DN point corresponding to a dichroic notch point in a blood pressure waveform indicating a temporal change in blood pressure, correcting the time waveform so that the time waveform value at the DN point becomes a predetermined blood pressure value, and blood pressure You may make it function as a waveform correction
- One aspect of the present invention is that a blood pressure measurement method, a blood pressure measurement device, a blood pressure measurement program, and a recording medium that records the program are used, and a series of blood pressure values that change with time can be easily and accurately obtained. It is.
- SYMBOLS 16 Light source (light irradiation apparatus), 17 ... Photo detector, 20 ... Computer (blood pressure measuring device), 21 ... Pulse wave acquisition part, 22 ... Waveform correction part, 23 ... Blood pressure calculation part, 40 ... Communication terminal (blood pressure measurement) Device), S1 ... pulse wave acquisition step, S2 ... waveform correction step, S23 ... DN point detection step, S3 ... blood pressure calculation step, S4 ... display step, Pmin ... diastolic blood pressure, Pmax ... systolic blood pressure, PDN ... dichroic notch point, Q min ... lowest point, Q max ... highest point, Q DN ... DN point, H ... biological body.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の一側面の第1実施形態に係る血圧測定装置を備えた血圧測定システムを示す概略構成図である。図1に示すように、血圧測定システム1は、脈波計測装置10と、コンピュータ20(血圧測定装置)と、を備えている。
次に、図11を参照して、第2実施形態に係る血圧測定装置の構成について説明する。図11は、本発明の一側面の第2実施形態に係る血圧測定装置を示す概略構成図である。図11に示すように、本実施形態においては、スマートフォン等の通信端末40が血圧測定装置として機能する。スマートフォン等の通信端末は、プロセッサや記憶媒体等を備えたコンピュータに含まれる。通信端末40は、第1実施形態に係るコンピュータ20と同様の機能を有する。すなわち、通信端末40は、コンピュータ20と同様、脈波取得部21と、波形補正部22と、血圧算出部23と、表示部24としての機能を有している。
Claims (17)
- 血圧の時間変化を取得する方法であって、
容積脈波に基づく時間波形を取得する脈波取得ステップと、
前記時間波形において、前記血圧の時間変化を示す血圧波形におけるディクロティックノッチ点に対応するDN点を検出するDN点検出ステップと、
前記DN点の時間波形値が所定の血圧値となるように前記時間波形を補正し、前記血圧の時間変化を取得する波形補正ステップと、を含む、血圧測定方法。 - 前記時間波形は、容積脈波の波形である、請求項1に記載の血圧測定方法。
- 前記時間波形は、容積脈波を時間微分した波形である、請求項1に記載の血圧測定方法。
- 前記時間波形は、容積脈波の波形又は容積脈波を時間微分した波形である容積脈波波形に対し、当該容積脈波波形の最低点と最高点との比が所定値となるように、補正された波形である、請求項1に記載の血圧測定方法。
- 前記波形補正ステップでは、前記補正された時間波形に対し、前記補正された時間波形の最低点と最高点との比が所定値となるように、前記補正された時間波形を更に補正する、請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の血圧測定方法。
- 前記補正された時間波形に基づいて、血圧値を算出する血圧算出ステップを更に含む、請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の血圧測定方法。
- 前記時間波形、前記補正された時間波形、及び前記血圧値の少なくとも1つを表示する表示ステップを更に含む、請求項6に記載の血圧測定方法。
- 血圧の時間変化を取得する装置であって、
容積脈波に基づく時間波形を取得する脈波取得部と、
前記時間波形において、前記血圧の時間変化を示す血圧波形におけるディクロティックノッチ点に対応するDN点を検出し、前記DN点の時間波形値が所定の血圧値となるように前記時間波形を補正し、前記血圧の時間変化を取得する波形補正部と、を備える血圧測定装置。 - 前記時間波形は、容積脈波の波形である、請求項8に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記時間波形は、容積脈波を時間微分した波形である、請求項8に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記時間波形は、容積脈波の波形又は容積脈波を時間微分した波形である容積脈波波形に対し、当該容積脈波波形の最低点と最高点との比が所定値となるように、補正した波形である、請求項8に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記波形補正部は、前記補正された時間波形に対し、前記補正された時間波形の最低点と最高点との比が所定値となるように、前記補正された時間波形を更に補正する、請求項8~10の何れか一項に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記補正された時間波形に基づいて、血圧値を算出する血圧算出部を更に備える、請求項8~12の何れか一項に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記時間波形、前記補正された時間波形、及び前記血圧値の少なくとも1つを表示する表示部を更に備える、請求項13に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 前記脈波取得部は、生体の内部へ光を照射する照射装置と、前記生体の内部を透過した前記光を検出する光検出器と、を有する、請求項8~14の何れか一項に記載の血圧測定装置。
- 血圧の時間変化を取得する血圧測定をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムであって、
容積脈波に基づく時間波形を取得する脈波取得処理と、
前記時間波形において、前記血圧の時間変化を示す血圧波形におけるディクロティックノッチ点に対応するDN点を検出するDN点検出処理と、
前記DN点の時間波形値が所定の血圧値となるように前記時間波形を補正し、前記血圧の時間変化を取得する波形補正処理と、を含む、血圧測定プログラム。 - 請求項16に記載の血圧測定プログラムを記録するコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体。
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Also Published As
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CN107072560A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
JPWO2016063577A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
EP3210529A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
EP3210529B1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
US20170238816A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
JP5997865B1 (ja) | 2016-09-28 |
CN107072560B (zh) | 2021-02-26 |
EP3210529A4 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
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