WO2016057968A1

WO2016057968A1 - Reciprocating windshield wiper

Info

Publication number: WO2016057968A1
Application number: PCT/US2015/055013
Authority: WO
Inventors: James Q. NELSON
Original assignee: Nelson James Q
Priority date: 2014-10-09
Filing date: 2015-10-09
Publication date: 2016-04-14

Abstract

A windshield wiper includes a support structure, a scrubbing wiper assembly, and a motor. The scrubbing wiper assembly is slidably attached to the support structure and has a central longitudinal axis extending in the elongate direction between a first end and a spaced apart second end. The scrubbing wiper assembly includes a slider element and a wiper blade rigidly secured to the slider element. The motor is mounted to the support structure and is engaged with the slider element to reciprocally move the scrubbing wiper blade along the central longitudinal axis. The reciprocation can impart a linear torque to the slider element. Methods of cleaning and polishing a windshield using a windshield wiper are also included.

Description

RECIPROCATING WINDSHIELD WIPER

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

BACKGROUND

1. The Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to windshield wipers having a reciprocating scrubbing wiper blade.

2. The Relevant Technology

[0002] Safety is a critical issue in today's world of fast vehicles. In particular, an operator of an automobile must be able to clearly view everything happening around the vehicle and make split-second decisions based on what he sees. In particular, the automobile operator must be able to clearly see through the windshield to view the road ahead. If the view through the windshield becomes blocked or even obscured for whatever reason, it can impact the driver's view and create a dangerous situation.

[0003] To help provide clear vision through the windshield, almost all motor vehicles sold today come with a standard set of windshield wipers. Conventional windshield wipers typically include a wiper blade which is attached to a wiper support structure designed so as to cause the wiper blade to remain in contact with the windshield surface. The wiper support structure is attached to a wiper arm that attaches the windshield wiper to the motor vehicle. During use, the wiper arm causes the wiper support structure to move back and forth across the windshield.

[0004] A conventional windshield wiper blade is approximately .030 inches (0.7 mm) in width and is composed of smooth rubber held in contact with the automotive windshield by spring tension. It was specifically designed to squeegee fluid from the windshield's surface, thereby providing clear vision through the windshield during wet weather. To accomplish this function, the material of the conventional wiper blade is designed to be soft, flexible and smooth.

[0005] As noted above, if the view through the windshield becomes blocked or even obscured for any reason, it can impact the driver's view and create a dangerous situation. This can occur, for example, when the windshield wiper stops working or when the wiper blades become worn and lose their ability to squeegee, as discussed above. This can also occur when something hits the windshield that the windshield wiper is not able to remove by the squeegee action, even when the windshield is wet. The latter can occur, for example, when a car passes through a swarm of insects that splatter all over the windshield. This can also occur when ice builds up on the windshield, such as when the vehicle has been left outside for an extended period of time in the winter.

[0006] Due to the compound curvatures that vary over most windshields, the wiper support structure is not enough, of itself, to cause the wiper blade to remain in contact along its entire length with the windshield as the wiper support structure moves across the windshield. To combat this inherent flaw, the wiper blade is made of a flexible material, such as rubber or the like, and is very thin. The flexibility and thinness of the wiper blade allow the wiper blade to follow the contours of the windshield, making up for the inherent flaw of the wiper support structure. As a result, the wiper blade squeegees the windshield as the wiper blade passes over the windshield, thereby removing liquid, such as rain, away from the forward field of view of the driver. The squeegee action generally causes other light debris, such as dust, leaves, or light dirt, to also be removed with the water. Removal of liquid and debris, of course, is necessary so the driver can see the road ahead while driving during inclement weather.

[0007] However, due to its design, the conventional windshield wiper has a number of inherent flaws. For example, the squeegee action is not particularly useful in removing debris when the windshield is dry. Squeegees are designed to remove liquids. When the surface is dry, the squeegee may simply flex or pass over the top of debris and can make matters worse by smearing the debris or causing streaks to occur. For this reason, conventional automobiles include fluid that can be sprayed onto the windshield. When the windshield becomes dirty while there is no precipitation, the driver can activate a washer pump that causes washer fluid to flow through a fluid line and spray onto the windshield to provide liquefaction of the debris to help the windshield wipers squeegee the debris. This works well on certain debris, such as, e.g., dust, light dirt, and light road salt.

[0008] Even with liquefaction, however, certain types of debris may still be nonremovable from the windshield. For example, insect residue, bird droppings and tree sap, among other things, can adhere to the windshield almost instantaneously and may not be removable by the squeegee action of the windshield wiper.

[0009] To allow the squeegee action to take place, the wiper blade must be flexible and thin. As a result, the width of the portion of the wiper blade that contacts the windshield is very small, as noted above. This means that for every sweep of the conventional windshield wiper over the windshield, the wiper blade will contact any one spot of the windshield only very briefly and with little force. As a result, debris that has adhered to the windshield, such as, e.g., insect residue, bird droppings, and sap, will remain on the windshield even after repeated attempts to remove the debris.

[0010] In fact, in many cases, repeated attempts to remove debris by a conventional windshield wiper has a detrimental effect on the clarity of the windshield. The foreign matter tends to be smeared over a larger surface of the windshield and further foreign matter will accumulate over the period of time the vehicle is in motion, further degrading the clarity of the windshield resulting in reduced visual clues to the operator.

[0011] A further complication of cleaning a vehicle's windshield while the vehicle is in motion is the variety of the organic compounds and the viscosity of the organic compounds striking the windshield. For example, insects that are comprised of chitin, which is only partially dissolved in the windshield cleaning cycle, results in a smearing/spreading effect as the windshield wiper attempts to squeegee the partially dissolved viscous insect material from the windshield. The spreading effect caused by the squeegee action of the windshield wiper reduces the thickness of the insect material. This, coupled with the airflow over the vehicle, will evaporate any liquid located within the insect that is capable of evaporation, resulting in a dry and hard organic residue. This effect begins at the point of windshield impact in a line consistent with the travel of the windshield wiper, and is commonly referred to as smearing.

[0012] A further consideration is that by design, a conventional windshield wiper blade tends to squeegee all of the applied cleaning solution from the surface of the windshield on the first wiper sweep after activation. The time available for the cleaning solution to work is equivalent to approximately 0.75 second. The removal of the cleaning solution from the windshield is further facilitated by the airflow moving over the windshield caused by the motion of the vehicle through the atmosphere. At interstate speeds, a substantial portion of the cleaning solution may fail to strike the windshield and is carried away or evaporated by the high-speed airflow.

[0013] Finally, exacerbating the problems discussed above, due to the small width of the wiper blade, the blade can wear out quickly and/or lose its smooth edge so as to lose its ability to squeegee, thereby causing the blade to not be effective in removing water, let alone debris, from the windshield.

[0014] Various attempts have been made to design windshield wipers that will solve the above problems. For example, windshield wipers have been designed that include scrubbing pads meant to passively scrub the windshield as the windshield wiper passes back and forth over the windshield. The scrubbing pads are supposed to help remove the foreign matter from the windshield, but do not appear to be enough to remove al I of the foreign matter. Applicant notes that he is aware of no commercially available wiper that even has a motorized scrubbing pad.

[0015] As a result, many drivers operate their vehicles even when the windshields of those vehicles are at least partially obstructed from debris on the windshield that the wipers are not able to remove. This severely impacts the safety of the drivers.

[0Θ1 ] Another problem with conventional wipers is that they are not designed to remove ice buildup on the windshield, thereby causing further safety problems in cold weather. As a result, drivers will either drive with ice obscuring their vision or start their vehicles and turn on the heater so the windshield can be heated to melt the snow and ice from the windshield before driving. For the ice to melt, the engine must first warm up so that waste heat from the engine can then be directed toward the inside surface of the windshield. After another significant amount of time, the ice melts due to the warmth of the windshield. As a result, the vehicle engine must idle for a significant amount of time to remove the built up ice. This wastes fuel and releases a significant amount of exhaust products, such as, e.g., carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

[0017] In fact, according to some estimates, each year in the United States during inclement or cold weather hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere by internal combustion engines that are idling for the purpose of "warming up". This widely accepted practice is detrimental to engine longevity and harmful to the environment.

[0018] Accordingly, what is needed are windshield wipers that alleviate one or more of the above problems.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0Θ19] In one embodiment, a windshield wiper includes a support structure, a scrubbing wiper assembly slidably attached to the support structure, and a motor mounted to the support structure. The scrubbing wiper assembly has a central longitudinal axis extending in the elongate direction between a first end and a spaced apart second end. The scrubbing wiper assembly includes a slider element and a scrubbing wiper blade rigidly secured to the slider element. The motor is engaged with the slider element to reciprocally move the scrubbing wiper assembly along the central longitudinal axis and to impart a linear torque to the slider element. [0Θ20] In one embodiment, a scrubbing wiper assembly is attachable to a windshield wiper support structure having a reciprocating motor. The scrubbing wiper assembly has a central longitudinal axis extending in an elongate direction between a first end and a spaced apart, second end. The scrubbing wiper assembly includes a slider element and a scrubbing wiper blade rigidly secured to the slider element. The slider element is adapted to attach to a windshield wiper support structure and adapted to couple with a motor. The scrubbing wiper blade has opposing sides extending upward from a contact surface and is adapted to reciprocally move in response to engagement of the motor.

[0021] In one embodiment, a windshield wiper includes a support structure, a scrubbing wiper assembly, and a motor. The scrubbing wiper assembly is slidabiy attached to the support structure and includes a slider element and a scrubbing wiper blade rigidly secured to the slider element. The scrubbing wiper blade has opposing sides extending upward from a bottom surface. The motor is engaged with the slider element to reciprocally move the scrubbing wiper blade along a central longitudinal axis. During use of the windshield wiper on a windshield, the scrubbing wiper assembly is configured such that one of the sides of the scrubbing wiper blade contacts the windshield during lateral movement of the windshield wiper in one direction and the other side of the scrubbing wiper blade contacts the windshield during lateral movement of the windshield wiper in the opposite direction, and the reciprocating motion of the scrubbing wiper blade causes the side of the scrubbing wiper blade contacting the windshield to scrub the windshield.

[0022] In one embodiment, the windshield wiper includes a plurality of scrubber elements extending outward from one or both opposing sides of the scrubbing wiper blade. The scrubber elements are spaced apart along the longitudinal axis so as to form a channel between each adjacent scrubber element.

[0023] In one embodiment, a method of cleaning a windshield includes: moving a windshield wiper laterally across the windshield, the windshield wiper including a scrubbing wiper assembly slidabiy attached to a windshield wiper support structure, the scrubbing wiper assembly comprising a wiper blade attached to a slider element; spraying a fluid onto the windshield; reciprocating the scrubbing wiper assembly as the windshield wiper moves laterally across the windshield, the reciprocation causing that the slider element and wiper blade to ripple so that the fluid passes between the wiper blade and the windshield as the wiper blade moves across the windshield. [0Θ24] In one embodiment, a method of removing a scratch in a windshield includes: spraying a fluid onto a top surface of the windshield; moving a windshield wiper laterally across the windshield, the windshield wiper comprising a wiper blade, the fluid remaining on the windshield as the wiper blade moves across the windshield so that the fluid traps dust particles from the atmosphere and forms a polishing compound, the movement of the wiper blade across the windshield causing the formed polishing compound to fill the scratch on the windshield; and repeatedly moving the windshield wiper laterally across the windshield while reciprocating the wiper blade after the formed polishing compound has filled the scratch, so as to grind down the polishing compound within the scratch each time the wiper blade passes over the scratch, until the polishing compound is ground down to the level of the top surface of the windshield.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Various embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. In the drawings, like numerals designate like elements. Furthermore, multiple instances of an element may each include separate letters appended to the element number. For example two instances of a particular element "20" may be labeled as "20a" and "20b". In that case, the element label may be used without an appended letter (e.g., "20") to generally refer to every instance of the element; while the element label will include an appended letter (e.g., "20a") to refer to a specific instance of the element. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0026] Figure 1 is a front perspective view of a windshield wiper according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the windshield wiper shown in Figure 1 with the motor removed for clarity;

[0028] Figures 3 A and 3B are close up perspective views of a portion of the main cross arm of the wiper assembly shown in Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 4A is a close up perspective view of a portion of the main cross arm of the scrubber assembly shown in Figure 1;

[0030] Figure 4B is a close up front view of a portion of the main cross arm of the scrubber assembly shown in Figure 4 A; [0031] Figures 5A and 5B are cross sectional end views of the windshield wiper shown in Figure 1 taken along the section line 5-5, with the scrubber assembly in a raised position and a lowered position, respectively;

[0032] Figure 5C is a cross sectional view of a portion of Figure 5 A, showing an embodiment where the wiper fluid line couples with the scrubber element;

[0033] Figures 6A and 6B are cross sectional end views showing the positioning of the linkages when the scrubber assembly is in the raised and lowered positions, respectively;

[0034] Figures 7A and 7B are perspective views of the servo and attached crank showing the positioning of the crank when the scrubber assembly is in the raised and lowered positions, respectively;

[0035] Figures 8A-8C are front views showing how the scrubber assembly raises and lowers as a direct result of the rotary movement of the servo shaft;

[0036] Figures 9A-9C are back views showing how the scrubber assembly raises and lowers using a rack and pinion mechanism;

[0037] Figures 10A and 10B are cross sectional end views taken along the section lines 10A-10A and 10B-10B of Figures 9A and 9C, showing the positioning of the linkages when the scrubber assembly is in the raised and lowered positions, respectively;

[0038] Figure 11 is an exploded perspective view of the scrubber element shown in Figure 1;

[0039] Figure 12 is perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a reciprocating member;

[0040] Figure 13 is a top perspective view of a portion of the reciprocating assembly shown in Figure 11 , showing details of the receiving member;

[0041] Figure 14 is a front view of a motor engaged with the receiving member shown in Figure 13;

[0042] Figures 15A-15D are bottom views showing how the reciprocating assembly reciprocally moves as a direct result of the rotary movement of the motor shaft;

[0043] Figure 16 is a front view of a portion of a scrubber assembly showing an alternative embodiment of a linkage;

[0044] Figure 17A is a front perspective view of a portion of an alternative embodiment of a scrubber assembly showing another alternative embodiment of a linkage; [0045] Figure 17B and 17C are perspective and side views, respectively, of a portion of the scrubber assembly of Figure 17A, showing details of the tab and its attachment to the reciprocating member;

[0046] Figure 18 is a perspective view of a motor and another alternative embodiment of a linkage;

[0047] Figure 19A is a perspective view of a motor and an alternative embodiment of a linkage;

[0048] Figure 19B is a front perspective view of a portion of an alternative embodiment of a scrubber assembly that incorporates the linkage shown in Figure 19 A;

[0049] Figure 20 is a perspective view of a portion of an alternative embodiment of a scrubber assembly that incorporates a vibrating motor;

[0050] Figure 21 is a front view of a portion of an alternative embodiment of a scrubber assembly that incorporates a rotating motor;

[0051] Figure 22 is a schematic view of a remote apparatus for turning the actuator and scrubbing assembly motor on and off according to one embodiment;

[0052] Figure 23 is a schematic view showing how the actuator and scrubbing motor can be automatically turned on and off using a true -off delay timer according to one embodiment;

[0053] Figure 24 is a front perspective view of a windshield wiper according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 25 is a bottom perspective view of a portion of a scrubber element that can be used to scrape ice off of a windshield;

[0055] Figure 26 is an exploded perspective view of a windshield wiper having a covering;

[0056] Figure 27 is a cross sectional side view of the assembled windshield wiper of Figure 26;

[0057] Figure 28 is a flow chart showing a method of removing ice and snow with the windshield wiper shown in Figure 26;

[0058] Figure 29A is a front view of a scrubber support structure according to another embodiment;

[0059] Figures 29B-29D are front views of a portion of the scrubber support structure shown in Figure 29A showing various alternative scrubbing element mounting adapters; [0060] Figure 30 is a front view of a scrubber support assembly according to another embodiment;

[0061] Figure 31 is a front view of a scrubber support assembly according to another embodiment; and

[0062] Figures 32A and 32B are front views of a windshield wiper that incorporates the scrubber support assembly shown in Figure 31, showing the scrubber support assembly in the raised and lowered positions, respectively.

[0063] Figures 33 and 34 respectively are top and bottom perspective views of a windshield wiper according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 35 is a close-up view of a portion of Figure 34;

[0065] Figures 36 and 37 are exploded perspective and end views, respectively, of the windshield wiper shown in Figure 33;

[0066] Figure 38 is a front view of the windshield wiper shown in Figure 33;

[0067] Figure 39 is a close-up view of a portion of Figure 38;

[0068] Figure 40 is a back view of the windshield wiper shown in Figure 33;

[0069] Figure 41 is a close-up view of a portion of Figure 40;

[0070] Figure 42 is a top view of the windshield wiper shown in Figure 33;

[0071] Figure 43 is a close-up view of a portion of Figure 42;

[0072] Figure 44 is a bottom view of the windshield wiper shown in Figure 33;

[0073] Figure 45 is a close-up view of a portion of Figure 44;

[0074] Figures 46 and 47 are opposite end views of the windshield wiper shown in

Figure 33;

[0075] Figure 48 is a block diagram showing the lateral movement of the windshield wiper shown in Figure 33 with respect to the central longitudinal axis thereof;

[0076] Figures 49A-49D are front views showing how the scrubbing wiper assembly reciprocally moves as a direct result of the rotary movement of the motor shaft;

[0077] Figures 50 and 51 are various views of a windshield wiper according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figures 52 and 53 are end and perspective views, respectively, of the slider element shown in Figure 51 ;

[0079] Figure 54 is an end view of the scrubbing wiper assembly shown in Figure 51 ;

[0080] Figures 55 and 56 are end views showing the cant that is produced during use of the scrubbing wiper assembly; [0081] Figure 57 is an exploded view of a converter incorporating a hinged connection;

[0082] Figures 58A and 58B are side views showing how the hinged connection of the converter shown in Figure 57 works with the slider;

[0083] Figures 59-61 depict a scrubbing wiper assembly according to another embodiment;

[0084] Figures 62-64 depict a scrubbing wiper assembly according to another embodiment;

[0085] Figures 65-67 depict a scrubbing wiper assembly according to another embodiment;

[0086] Figures 68 and 69 depict a scrubbing wiper blade according to one embodiment;

[0087] Figures 70 and 71 depict a method of operation in which the fluid is used as a lubricant;

[0088] Figures 72A-72C depict steps used to test the polishing ability of one embodiment of a scrubbing wiper blade; and

[0089] Figure 73 depicts a method of manufacturing a scrubbing wiper assembly according to one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0090] As used in the specification and appended claims, directional terms, such as

"top," "bottom," "left," "right," "up," "down," "upper," "lower," "proximal," "distal" and the like are used herein solely to indicate relative directions and are not otherwise intended to limit the scope of the invention or claims.

[0091] Depicted in Figures 1 and 2 is one embodiment of a windshield wiper 100 incorporating features of the present invention. Windshield wiper 100 comprises a scrubber assembly 102 movably attached to a wiper assembly 104 of the type generally known within the art and configured to attach to a wiper arm 106 of a vehicle. Windshield wiper 100 further comprises an engaging assembly 107 that raises and lowers scrubber assembly 102 with respect to wiper assembly 104 to facilitate one or the other assembly contacting the windshield.

[0092] As shown in the exploded view of Figure 2, wiper assembly 104 comprises a wiper support structure 108 having a wiper blade 110 attached thereto. An optional washer fluid line 111 can also be included in wiper assembly 104. Wiper support structure 108 has an articulated main cross arm 112 extending between a first end 114 and a spaced apart second end 116. [0093] Turning to Figures 3A and 3B, main cross arm 112 comprises a top wall 400 with a first side wall 402 and an opposing second side wall 404 extending down from either side of top wall 400 so as to form a channel 406 therebetween. As shown in Figure 2, top wall 400, first side wall 402, and second side wall 404 all extend between first and second ends 114 and 116. Returning to Figures 3A and 3B, main cross arm 112 includes a center section 118 wherein the side walls 402 and 404 extend further down than at the rest of main cross arm 112. A portion of top wall 400 is omitted at center section 118 so as to form a mouth 408 that permits open access to channel 406. A cylindrical cross member 410 extends between first and second side walls 402 and 404 within channel 406 in center section 118. As is known in the art, cross member 410 is designed to receive an end of wiper arm 106, thereby securing wiper assembly 104 to wiper arm 106. Cross member 410 can be attached to or integrally formed with main cross arm 112.

[0094] Side walls 402 and 404 include apertures extending therethrough that are used in conjunction with elements of the engaging assembly to assist in raising and lowering the scrubber assembly with respect to the wiper assembly, as discussed in more detail below. For example, as shown in Figure 3 A, a primary aperture 500a and a pair of secondary apertures 502a and 504a are formed on sidewall 402. Primary aperture 500a is positioned at about the longitudinal midpoint of main cross arm 112 below cross member 410, although other locations on main cross arm 112 can also be used. Primary aperture 500a is depicted as having an open bottom portion although this is not required; in some embodiments, primary aperture 500a is completely bounded by an encircling sidewall.

[0095] Secondary apertures 502a and 502b are formed in sidewall 402 on either lateral side of primary aperture 500a. Primary aperture 500a and secondary apertures 502a and 502b are configured to allow engaging elements to be received therein while substantially preventing lateral movement (i.e., movement orthogonal to the plane of side wall 402) of those elements. As such, primary and secondary apertures 500a, 502a, 504a can be circular, oval, square, or any other shape that will allow them to perform their intended functions, as discussed below.

[0096] As shown in Figure 3B, primary aperture 500a has a corresponding primary aperture 500b formed on side wall 404 and each secondary aperture 502a, 504b has a corresponding secondary aperture 502b, 504b formed on side wall 404. The corresponding aperture pairs 500, 502, and 504 are aligned across channel 406 so as to allow elements of engaging assembly 107 (Figure 1) to pass therethrough, as discussed below.

[0097] Returning to Figure 2, wiper support structure 108 also includes a pair of primary cross arms 120, 122, flexibly attached to first and second ends 1 14, 116 of main cross arm 112. Each primary cross arm 120, 122 extends between a first end 124 and a spaced apart second end 126. A plurality of secondary cross arms 128 are also included, each extending from a first end 130 to a spaced apart second end 132. Each of the secondary cross arms 128 is positioned at a different one of the first and second ends 124 and 126 of each primary cross arm 120 and 122. As such, there are four secondary cross arms 128 in the depicted embodiment. A mounting bracket 134 is formed at each end 130, 132 of each secondary cross arm 128. Wiper support structure 108 is configured such that all of the mounting brackets 134 are aligned. Other configurations of wiper support structure 108, as are known in the art, can also be used. All or portions of scrubber support structure 140 can be made of metal, plastic, or other substantially rigid materials. In some embodiments, scrubber support structure is made of plastic using an injection molding process. In some embodiments, a conventional wiper support structure is used with the apertures 500, 502, and 504 being cut out therefrom. In other embodiments, the apertures are formed in the wiper support structure during the manufacturing process.

[0098] Wiper blade 110 is a thin, typically rubber squeegee-type blade that is received within mounting brackets 134 so as to face the windshield of a vehicle and contact the windshield when the wiper assembly 104 has been installed. Virtually any wiper blade known in the art can be used with the present invention.

[0099] If used, washer fluid line 111 can extend longitudinally along wiper support structure 108 so as to be positioned just above the windshield. In one embodiment, washer fluid line is attached to the outside surface of mounting brackets 134. In other embodiments, washer fluid line is attached to one or more of the cross arms. Other attachment points may also be possible. In another embodiment, washer fluid line 111 fluidly couples with the scrubber element so that a portion 136 of the washer fluid line is positioned or formed within the scrubber element (see Figure 5C).

[00100] A plurality of apertures 510 (Figure 5 A and 5C) are formed in washer fluid line 111 to allow the washer fluid to pass therethrough and be deposited onto the windshield when the vehicle's washer pump is activated. If a portion of washer fluid line 111 is positioned or formed within the scrubber element, the washer fluid will pass through the scrubber element before being deposited on the windshield. As discussed below, when washer fluid line 111 is adjacent to the windshield and adjacent or within the scrubbing element, less fluid is required to clean the windshield than with conventional systems.

[00101] One or more couplers, such as coupler 512, can be used to couple different sections of washer fluid line 111 together, as is known in the art, and/or to couple fluid line 111 with the scrubber element. The line 111 extends up to wiper arm 106 to be coupled with an existing vehicle fluid line positioned thereon, or to further extend along wiper arm 106 into the vehicle.

[00102] Having washer fluid line 111 just above the windshield or within the scrubber element and using a plurality of apertures therein yield a number of benefits. For example, because fluid line 111 is just above the windshield or within the scrubber element, the fluid that flows through apertures 510 or through the scrubber element is deposited immediately onto the windshield. Very little of the fluid is lost due to evaporation or errant spray. Furthermore, as discussed below, the scrubber member material can be selected that requires even less fluid to clean the windshield. The scrubber member can be comprised of a material that partially absorbs the washer fluid, either as the washer fluid passes therethrough or after the washer fluid has been deposited on the windshield. As such, in those embodiments, a small amount of washer fluid is all that is needed to dampen the scrubber member, and then the damp scrubber member can clean the windshield without any additional washer fluid.

[00103] In contrast, conventional washer lines are typically positioned further away from the windshield and must spray the washer fluid from only one or two sprayers. As a result, much of the washer fluid is lost due to evaporation or errant spray or to the air flow at high speeds, which can cause the washer fluid that is in contact with the windshield to separate from the windshield. In many cases much of the fluid simply flies over the top of the vehicle. Either way, much of the spray is lost to the environment. Most washer fluids contain methyl alcohol, a poisonous chemical known to be harmful to the environment. Methyl alcohol cannot be made nonpoisonous. As a result, any amount of washer fluid that can be saved is beneficial to the environment. As such, the washer fluid line design in the present application is beneficial to the environment over conventional designs.

[00104] Continuing with Figure 2, scrubber assembly 102 comprises a scrubber support structure 140, a scrubber element 142 movably attached to scrubber support structure 140, and a motor 144 (shown in Figure 1) mounted to scrubber support structure 140. [00105] Scrubber support structure 140 is similar in many respects to wiper support structure 108 discussed previously. For example, scrubber support structure 140 has an articulated main cross arm 146 extending between a first end 148 and a spaced apart second end 150. Turning to Figure 4A, similar to main cross arm 112, main cross arm 146 comprises a top wall 414 with a first side wall 416 and an opposing second side wall 418 extending down from either side of top wall 414 so as to form a channel 420 therebetween. Also similar to main cross arm 112, main cross arm 146 also includes a center section 152 wherein the side walls 416 and 418 extend further down than at the rest of main cross arm 146.

[00106] Side walls 416 and 418 of main cross arm 146 include apertures extending therethrough that generally correspond to the apertures formed in main cross arm 112. The apertures are used in conjunction with the engaging assembly elements to assist in raising and lowering scrubber assembly 102 with respect to wiper assembly 104. However, unlike the apertures of main cross arm 112, the apertures formed in main cross arm 146 are configured to allow lateral movement of the engaging assembly elements during the raising and lowering of scrubber assembly 102. As such, the apertures formed in side walls 416 and 418 are generally formed as elongated slots.

[00107] For example, as shown in Figure 4A, a primary slot 520a and a pair of secondary slots 522a and 524a are formed in side wall 416 of main cross arm 146 to generally correspond to the locations of primary apertures 500 and secondary apertures 502 and 504 of main cross arm 112. As such, primary slot 520a is positioned at about the longitudinal midpoint of main cross arm 146 and secondary slots 522a and 524a are positioned on either lateral side of primary slot 520a. If primary aperture 500a and/or secondary apertures 502a, 504a are positioned elsewhere on main cross arm 112, primary and secondary slots 520a, 522a, 524a can be positioned on main cross arm 146 to correspond thereto.

[00108] As shown in the close up view of Figure 4B, primary slot 520a is bounded by opposing side walls 526 and 528 that extend substantially horizontally between semicircular end walls at a first end 530 and a spaced apart second end 532. The opposing side walls are separated by a distance dl .

[00109] In contrast, each secondary slot 522a, 524a is bounded by opposing side walls 534 and 536 that extend substantially vertically between semicircular end walls at a bottom end 538 and a spaced apart top end 540. As such, secondary slots 522a, 524a are substantially orthogonal to primary slot 520a. The distance d2 between sidewalls 534 and 536 is substantially the same as the diameter of secondary apertures 502 and 504 in main cross arm 112.

[00110] Returning to Figure 2, scrubber support structure 140 also includes a pair of primary cross arms 154, 156, flexibly attached to first and second ends 148, 150 of cross arm 146. Each primary cross arm 154, 156 extends between a first end 158 and a spaced apart second end 160. A plurality of secondary cross arms 162 are also included, each extending from a first end 164 to a spaced apart second end 166. Each secondary cross arm 162 is positioned at a different one of the first and second ends 158 and 160 of each primary cross arm 154 and 156. As such, there are four secondary cross arms 162 in the depicted embodiment. A mounting bracket 168 is formed at each end 164, 166 of each secondary cross arm 162. Similar to wiper support structure 108, scrubber support structure 140 is configured such that all of the mounting brackets 168 are aligned.

[00111] Figures 5 A and 5B show a cross sectional side view of windshield wiper 100 with the scrubber assembly in a raised position and a lowered position, respectively. Turning to Figure 5 A, each mounting bracket 168 is substantially "c" shaped, with the opening of the "c" facing downward and away from the cross members and cross arms. As such, each mounting bracket 168 comprises an encircling sidewall 172 having an inner surface 174 and an opposing outer surface 176. The inner surface 174 bounds a passageway 178 that extends laterally through the mounting bracket 168. Opposing end faces 180, 182 extend between the inner and outer surfaces 174 and 176 of the sidewall 172 so as to bound an opening 184 that extends through the wall 172 thereby giving mounting bracket 168 its "c" shape. The end faces 180, 182 face each other across opening 184. Mounting brackets 168 are aligned so that scrubber element 142 can be received within passageways 178 of all of the mounting brackets 168, as discussed below and shown in Figure 2. Furthermore, brackets 168 are positioned so that the openings 184 of all of the mounting brackets 168 face the same direction.

[00112] Other configurations of scrubber support structure 140, including mounting brackets 168 as are known in the art, can also be used. All or portions of scrubber support structure 140 can be made of metal, plastic, or other substantially rigid materials. In some embodiments, scrubber support structure is made of plastic using an injection molding process. In some embodiments, a conventional wiper support structure is used as the scrubber support structure. [00113] Returning to Figure 2, engaging assembly 107 includes an actuator 550 used to raise and lower scrubber assembly 102 and linkages 552 that couple with scrubber assembly 102 and cause scrubber assembly to move substantially vertically with respect to wiper assembly 104.

[00114] In one embodiment, linkages 552 comprise one or more connector pins 554 configured to slidably couple scrubber assembly 102 and wiper assembly 102. Each connector pin 554 is configured to be received within aligned secondary apertures 502, 504 on main cross arm 112 and corresponding secondary slots 522, 524 on main cross arm 146.

[00115] Turning to Figures 6A and 6B, each connector pin 554 has a main body 556 that is substantially cylindrical and extends longitudinally between a first end 558 and a spaced apart second end 560. The diameter of the main body 556 is equal to or slightly less than the diameter of the secondary apertures 502, 504 disposed on main cross arm 112 and the width d2 of secondary slots 522, 524 of main cross arm 146. As a result, main body 556 can be inserted within secondary apertures 502, 504 and secondary slots 522, 524 and is able to slide vertically along each slot 522 or 524 when main cross arm 112 is moved vertically. If desired, a central portion 562 of each main body 556 can be sized to have a larger diameter than the rest of the main body 556. By doing so, the opposite ends of central portion 562 will prevent side walls 404 and 416 of main cross arms 112 and 146 from extending over central portion 562. This ensures a desired separation between the cross arms 112 and 146. In addition, oversized end caps 564 can be positioned at each end 558 and 560 of main body 556 to secure connector pin within the corresponding apertures and slots. Each connector pin 554 can be rigidly attached to main cross arm 112 within each aperture 502, 504, or rotatably mounted therein.

[00116] Returning to Figure 2, actuator 550 can comprise a standard dc type servo 570, as is known in the art, that is mounted to wiper support structure 108. For example, by way of example only, in one embodiment, servo 570 operates on a 7.2 V power source and has a 90 degree movement. To use such a servo with a typical 12-volt automobile battery, a simple voltage regulator circuit can be used. Other voltage and movement values are also possible. The servo should have enough force to lift the scrubber assembly and wiper assembly off the windshield. As such, in one embodiment, the servo can provide a force of between about 40 ounce inches and about 55 ounce inches. In another embodiment, the servo can provide a force of greater than 55 ounce inches. Other force values are also possible.

[00117] In the depicted embodiment, servo 570 is mounted to the first side wall 402 of center section 118 of wiper support structure 108 so as to be on the opposite side of wiper support structure 108 than scrubber support structure 140. In other embodiments, all or a portion of servo 570 can be mounted within wiper support structure 108, such as, e.g., within channel 406 (Figure 3 A). Servo 570 can be mounted to wiper support structure 108 by adhesive, mounting screws, fasteners, or other permanent or removable mounting means known in the art.

[00118] Turning to Figures 7A and 7B, servo 570 includes a motor 572 and a shaft 574 extending therefrom. Shaft 574 rotates about a central rotational axis 576 when the servo motor 572 is energized. Servo motor 572 is configured to be energized by the automobile battery or a portable power source, such as a battery pack, as discussed below. Other power sources may alternatively be used.

[00119] Returning to Figure 2, servo 570 is positioned on wiper support structure 108 so as to engage with scrubber support structure 140 and thereby move scrubber assembly 102 with respect to wiper assembly 104. In so doing, servo 570 causes scrubber assembly 102 to raise and lower with respect to the windshield.

[00120] To do this, servo 570 is coupled with scrubber support structure 140 through a crank 578 that converts rotational motion of servo shaft 574 to linear motion of scrubber assembly 102. Crank 578 can be attached to servo shaft 574 or can be integrally formed therewith. Turning again to Figures 7A and 7B, crank 578 includes a main body 580 configured to attach to servo shaft 574 and rotate therewith about rotational axis 576. A crank pin 582 extends away from main body 580 generally parallel to rotational axis 576 but is positioned on main body 580 at a position offset from rotational axis 576. Due to its offset from rotational axis 576, crank pin 582 travels in a circle around rotational axis 576 as servo shaft 574 is rotated. Crank pin 582 can be attached to main body 580 of crank 578 or can be integrally formed therewith. Furthermore, crank pin 582 can be cylindrically shaped, as in the depicted embodiment, or have any other desirable shape. Crank pin 582 has a diameter that is less than the width dl between side walls 526 and 528 that bound primary slot 520 (Figure 4B).

[00121] As shown in Figures 5A and 5B, servo 570 is positioned on wiper support structure 108 so that servo shaft 574 extends through primary apertures 500 toward scrubber support structure 140. Crank 578 is positioned between wiper support structure 108 and scrubber support structure 140 such that crank pin 582 extends through primary slots 520 on scrubber support structure 140. By so doing, rotation of servo shaft 574 can cause scrubber assembly 102 to be raised and lowered with respect to the windshield as hereafter described with reference to Figures 8A-8C.

[00122] As described above, as servo shaft 574 rotates, crank pin 582 moves in a circle. As shown in Figures 8A-8C, this causes crank pin 582 to move back and forth between first and second ends 530 and 532 of primary slots 520 while scrubber support structure 140 moves up and down (i.e., orthogonal to the windshield). The portions of crank 578 that are positioned behind scrubber support structure 140 are depicted in dashed lines to show the relative position of crank pin 582 thereto.

[00123] Figure 8A depicts the relative positions of wiper support structure 108 and scrubber support structure 140 when scrubber assembly 102 is in the raised position shown in Figure 5A. As depicted, in the raised position crank 578 is disposed so that crank pin 582 is at its topmost position on crank main body 580. In this position, crank pin 582 is disposed about midway between first and second ends 530 and 532 of primary slots 520, connector pins 554 are positioned at or near the bottom ends 538 of secondary slots 522 and 524, and scrubber support structure 140 is positioned vertically higher than wiper support structure 108. As a result, as shown in Figure 5 A, scrubber assembly 102 is positioned higher than wiper assembly 104 allowing wiper blade 110 to contact the windshield while scrubber element 142 is raised above and thus does not contact the windshield.

[00124] As crank 578 is rotated ninety degrees clockwise by servo 570, as denoted by arrow 586, crank pin 582 moves arcuately downward to the intermediate position shown in Figure 8B. As a result of the rotation, crank pin 582 moves to the second end 532 of primary slots 520 and causes scrubber support structure 140 to move downward with respect to its position in Figure 8 A. As scrubber support structure 140 moves downward, connector pins 554, which are attached to wiper support structure 108 and slidably received within secondary slots 522 and 524, guide the vertical movement of scrubber support structure 140. As a result, scrubber support structure 140 moves downward until connector pins 554 become disposed about midway between top and bottom ends 540 and 538 of secondary slots 522 and 524. Because of the interaction between connector pins 554 and secondary slots 522 and 524, scrubber assembly 102 moves substantially linearly vertically with respect to wiper assembly 104 as crank pin 582 moves horizontally within primary slots 520. When crank pin 582 is positioned near either end 530, 532 of primary slots 520, scrubber support structure 140 is at about the same vertical position as wiper support structure 108, as depicted in Figure 8B. As a result, wiper blade 110 and scrubber element 142 may both contact the windshield when scrubber assembly 102 is at this intermediate position.

[00125] As crank 578 is further rotated clockwise another ninety degrees by servo 570, as denoted by arrow 588, crank pin 582 moves arcuately to the position shown in Figure 8C, which depicts the relative positions of wiper support structure 108 and scrubber support structure 140 when scrubber assembly 102 is in the lowered position. In this position, crank pin 582 moves to the bottommost position on crank main body 580, which causes crank pin 582 to move back to about midway between first and second ends 530 and 532 of primary slots 520. This also causes scrubber support structure 140 to move further downward with respect to its position in Figure 8B, with connecting pins 554 continuing to guide the vertical movement of scrubber support structure 140. As a result, scrubber support structure 140 moves downward with respect to wiper support structure 108 until connecting pins 554 become disposed at or near the top ends 540 of secondary slots 522 and 524 in scrubber support structure 140. Thus, scrubber support structure 140 becomes vertically lower than wiper support structure 108. As a result, as shown in Figure 5B, scrubber assembly 102 is positioned lower than wiper assembly 104 allowing scrubber element 142 to contact the windshield while wiper blade 110 is effectively raised above and thus does not contact the windshield.

[00126] To return scrubber assembly 102 back to the raised position, crank 578 is simply rotated by servo 570 until crank pin 582 is once again at the topmost position of crank main body 580, as shown in Figure 8A. This can be accomplished by rotating crank 578 clockwise or counterclockwise 180 degrees from the lowered position.

[00127] Although crank 578 is discussed above as rotating in a clockwise direction when moving scrubber assembly 102 from the raised to the lowered positions, it is appreciated that scrubber assembly 102 can also be moved from the raised to the lowered positions by rotating crank 578 in a counterclockwise direction. Furthermore, although connecting pins 554 are discussed above as being attached to wiper assembly 104 so as to be movable therewith and being received within corresponding slots 522 and 524 formed in scrubber assembly 102, it is appreciated that the opposite configuration can alternatively be used. That is, connecting pins 554 can alternatively be movable with scrubber assembly 102 and corresponding slots 522 and 524 can be formed in wiper assembly 104. Furthermore, connecting pins 554 can be rotatably or rigidly attached to either wiper assembly 104 or scrubber assembly 102 or integrally formed therewith. In some embodiments, connecting pins 554 are freely movable within secondary apertures 502 and 504.

[00128] In another embodiment, engaging assembly 107 can comprise a rack and pinion mechanism. For example, as shown in Figures 9A-9C, actuator 550 can comprise a motor 430 rigidly attached to wiper support structure 108. Motor 430 has a pair of shafts 432 that extend in opposite directions from motor 430, substantially parallel to central longitudinal axis 194 (Figure 2). Shafts 432 can be two separate shafts or a single shaft that extends in both directions. A pinion gear 434 is attached to or formed on the ends of each shaft 432 so as to rotate therewith. A toothed rack 436 is positioned between each pinion gear 434 and wiper support structure 108. As shown in the cross sectional views of Figures 10A and 10B, each rack 436 is aligned with its corresponding pinion gear 434 such that the individual gears 437 on pinion gear 434 mate with the teeth 438 on rack 436. Applicant notes that the individual gears and rack teeth have been omitted in Figures 9A- 9C for clarity sake. Shafts 432 rotate together so that when pinion gears 434 rotate, racks 436 move up and down in sync with each other, as shown in Figures 9A-9C.

[00129] As shown in Figures 10A and 10B, connector pins 554 are used to aid in moving wiper support structure 108 and scrubber support structure 140 with respect to each other, similar to the embodiments above. Each connector pin 554 is rigidly attached to one of the racks 436 so that connector pins 554 move up and down with racks 436. Similar to the embodiment discussed above, the side walls of main cross arm 112 of wiper support structure 108 and main cross arm 146 of scrubber support structure 140 also include apertures extending therethrough. However, because of the rack and pinion arrangement, the primary aperture and primary slot of main cross arms 112 and 146, respectively, can be omitted. In addition, secondary slots 522 and 524 and secondary apertures 502 and 504 trade places with each other. That is, secondary slots 522 and 524 are moved to main cross arm 112 of wiper support structure 108 and secondary apertures 502 and 504 are moved to main cross arm 146 of scrubber support structure 140.

[00130] During use, as motor shafts 432 are rotated, pinion gears 434 also rotate. Due to the coupling between gears 437 and teeth 438, as pinion gears 434 rotate, racks 436 move up and down with respect to motor 430 and wiper support structure 108 to which motor 430 is mounted, as depicted in Figures 9A-9C and 10A-10B. This causes connector pins 554 to move up and down within secondary slots 522 and 524 on main cross arm 112. Because connector pins 554 extend through secondary apertures 502 and 504 of main cross arm 146, scrubber support structure 140 is raised and lowered with respect to wiper support structure 108 when connector pins 554 are respectively raised and lowered.

[00131] It is appreciated that the servo system and rack and pinion system discussed above are only two examples of engaging assemblies 107 and actuators 550 that can be used according to the present invention. Other types of actuators can also be used. For example, in other embodiments, actuator 550 can instead be comprised of a geared motor, a stall motor, or a solenoid that moves pins up and down to effect movement of scrubber assembly 102 between the raised and lowered positions.

[00132] Furthermore, although the actuators discussed herein are typically electrically powered, it is appreciated that actuators can be used that are fluidly driven, pneumatically driven, or driven by other means. For example, actuator 550 can be a water or air driven turbine or some other type of non-electrical device.

[00133] As shown in Figure 2, scrubber element 142 extends between a first end 190 and a spaced apart second end 192 along a central longitudinal axis 194. Turning to Figure 11, scrubber element 142 comprises an elongated reciprocating assembly 196 that includes a scrubbing member 198 and a reciprocating member 202, and means for removably attaching scrubbing member 198 to reciprocating member 202.

[00134] Reciprocating member 202 has a top portion 204 that is sized to be slidably received within passageway 178 of all of the mounting brackets 168. To that end, top portion 204 has a cross sectional shape that is generally the same shape as passageway 178. As such, top portion 204 comprises a top surface 206 and an opposing bottom surface 208 with two side surfaces 210, 212 extending therebetween. Top and bottom surfaces 206 and 208 and side surfaces 210 and 212 all extend along the longitudinal axis 194 between first end 190 and second end 192.

[00135] Reciprocating member 202 also comprises a bottom portion 220 also extending between first end 190 and second end 192. Bottom portion 220 has a top surface 222 and opposing bottom surface 224 with two side surfaces 226, 228 extending therebetween. In the depicted embodiment, bottom portion 220 is wider than top portion 204, although this is not required. A connecting portion 232 extends between bottom surface 208 of top portion 204 and top surface 222 of bottom portion 220 so as to form a pair of channels 234, 236 on either side of reciprocating member 202 that extends between first and second ends 190 and 192. Top portion 204, bottom portion 220, and connecting portion 232 combine at first and second ends 190 and 192 to respectively form a proximal end face 240 and a distal end face 242. The channels are formed such that the reciprocating member can be slidingly received within passageways 178 of mounting brackets 168. In the depicted embodiment, reciprocating member 202 has a generally "I" shaped cross section, as shown by the end faces 240 and 242, however any shape that allows reciprocating member 202 to be slidingly mounted within brackets 168 can be used.

[00136] In the depicted embodiment, top portion 204 and bottom portion 220 of reciprocating member 202 each extend as a single piece between first and second ends 190 and 192. In an alternative embodiment of reciprocating member 202, shown in Figure 12, while bottom portion 220 remains extending as a single piece between first and second ends 190 and 192, top portion 204 is broken up into a plurality of spaced apart segments 244 extending up from bottom portion 220 between first and second ends 190 and 192. Segments 244 can be configured to align with brackets 168 (Figure 5B) when reciprocating member 202 is mounted on scrubber support structure 140, as shown in Figure 14 A.

[00137] Breaking up top portion 204 into segments allows reciprocating member 202 to be more flexible, which aids in keeping scrubbing member 198 in contact with the windshield even as the wiper moves over the many contours in the windshield. It also saves material, thereby making scrubber support structure 140 lighter in weight. To further aid in flexibility, reciprocating member 202 can be made of a flexible material and/or can be very thin. For example, in one embodiment, reciprocating member is comprised of a polypropylene compound.

[00138] Returning to Figure 1 1, reciprocating assembly 196 further comprises a receiving member 246 extending laterally away from top portion 204 of reciprocating member 202. Receiving member 246 can be attached to top member 204 or integrally formed therewith. Furthermore, although receiving member 246 is depicted as being disposed about midway between first and second ends 190 and 192 of reciprocating member 202, this is not required. For example, receiving member 246 may be offset from a midpoint of reciprocating member 202 so that motor 144 mounted above receiving member 246 does not interfere with the engaging assembly discussed above. Receiving member 246 is aligned with motor 144 when both are mounted on scrubber support structure 140, as shown in Figure 2 and discussed in more detail below.

[00139] Turning to Figure 13, receiving member 246 comprises a tab that is positioned on top portion 204 of reciprocating member 202 and projects away from reciprocating member 202 to a distal end 247 in a direction orthogonal to the central longitudinal axis 194. During use, motor 144 couples with tab 246 to move reciprocating member 202. To withstand the forces associated with this, tab 246 is typically made of a strong and long- lasting material, such as hard plastic or metal, e.g., aluminum.

[00140] Tab 246 comprises a top surface 248 and an opposing bottom surface 250 with a perimeter side surface 252 extending therebetween. Tab 246 also includes an inner sidewall 254 extending completely through tab 246 between top and bottom surfaces 248 and 250 so as to bound an elongated aperture 256 running substantially orthogonal to the central longitudinal axis 194. Aperture 256 extends between a first end 258 and a second end 260. The length of aperture 256, defined as the distance between the first and second ends 258 and 260 and measured orthogonally to the central longitudinal axis 194, is substantially longer than the width thereof.

[00141] Returning to Figures 5 A and 5B, reciprocating assembly 196 is installed on scrubber support structure 140 so that top portion 204 of reciprocating member 202 is inserted into the passageways 178 of mounting brackets 168. This can be done in a number of ways. In some embodiments, reciprocating member 202 is inserted into mounting brackets 168 after scrubber support structure 140 has been fully assembled. This can be done by starting at one end of scrubber support structure 140 and sliding top portion 204 of reciprocating member 202 through all of the mounting brackets 168 in series in a manner similar to how a new wiper blade is installed in a conventional wiper support structure 108. This approach to mounting reciprocating member 202 to scrubber support structure 140 can be used, e.g., if receiving member 246 is able to be attached to top portion 204 after reciprocating member 202 is mounted on scrubber support structure 140.

[00142] In other embodiments, reciprocating member 202 is inserted into mounting brackets 168 before scrubber support structure 140 has been fully assembled. In this approach, top portion 204 is inserted into mounting brackets 168 before secondary cross arms 162 are attached to primary cross arms 156. This approach may be desired to be used, e.g., if receiving member 246 is permanently attached to reciprocating member 202. [00143] In embodiments where top portion 204 is broken into segments, reciprocating member 202 can be positioned so that each segment 244 is adjacent its corresponding mounting bracket 168 and then moved longitudinally so that all segments 244 are simultaneously inserted into mounting brackets 168. In addition, if reciprocating member 202 is flexible, any portion of reciprocating member 202 can be flexed toward or away from scrubber support structure 140 to aid in installation.

[00144] In some embodiments, reciprocating member 202 is removable from scrubber support structure 140. In one embodiment, receiving member 246 can be detached from reciprocating member 202 and reciprocating member 202 can then be removed by sliding top portion 204 out of mounting brackets 168. In other embodiments, reciprocating member 202 can be flexed away from scrubber support structure 140 sufficient for receiving member to uncouple from motor 144 and segments of top portion 204 can then be removed from mounting brackets 168 by sliding action. This manner may work especially well when using a segmented top portion. Other manners of removal are also possible.

[00145] As shown in Figures 5A and 5B, regardless of the manner in which reciprocating assembly 196 is installed, when fully inserted within mounting brackets 168, bottom surface 208 of top portion 204 of reciprocating member 202 rests against inner surface 174 of each mounting bracket 168 while connecting portion 232 extends through each opening 184. By being mounted thusly, reciprocating assembly 196 is able to reciprocally move (i.e., move back and forth) within mounting brackets 168 along central longitudinal axis 194. As such, when attached to a vehicle, the reciprocating motion of reciprocating assembly 196 is generally parallel to the windshield and generally perpendicular to the prescribed arcuate travel of the windshield wiper 100 across the windshield. Reciprocating member 202 and receiving member 246 can be comprised of metal, plastic, or other rigid material.

[00146] Returning to Figure 11, scrubbing member 198 has a top surface 264 extending laterally between opposing sides 266 and 268. Extending down from top surface 264 at both sides 266 and 268 respectively, are a pair of scrubbing surfaces 270 and 272. Scrubbing surfaces 270 and 272 both extend down from top surface 264 and then curve toward each other until scrubbing surfaces 270 and 272 meet at the bottom, denoted as 274 in the depicted embodiment. As such, the scrubbing surfaces 270 and 272 together form a "U" shaped cross section. In some embodiments scrubbing surfaces 270 and 272 come together to form a ridge to form more of a "V" shaped cross section. In other embodiments portions of scrubbing surfaces 270 and 272 are flat so that scrubbing member 198 has a substantially flat bottom surface. In still other embodiments, other regular or irregular shapes are used. For example, as discussed in more detail below, in one embodiment used for removal of ice from a windshield, the bottom surface of scrubbing member 198 can have a serrated edge. Other shapes can also be used. In some embodiments, the width of scrubbing member 198 between sides 266 and 268 is between about 8 mm to about 50 mm, with between about 12 mm to about 25 mm being common. Other widths can also be used. In some embodiments, the width of scrubbing member 198 is substantially the same as the width of reciprocating assembly 196.

[00147] The top surface 264 and scrubbing surfaces 270 and 272 extend longitudinally from a first end face 276 to a spaced apart second end face 278. In some embodiments, the longitudinal length of scrubbing member 198 between first end face 276 and second end face 278 is between about 305 mm to about 700 mm, with between about 375 mm to about 640 mm being common. Other lengths can also be used. In some embodiments, the longitudinal length of scrubbing member 198 between first end face 276 and second end face 278 can be substantially the same as the longitudinal length of reciprocating assembly 196 between end faces 240 and 242.

[00148] As discussed above, a portion 136 of fluid line 111 can be positioned within scrubbing member 198. For those embodiments, fluid line portion 136 can extend substantially between the first and second ends of scrubbing member 198. A coupler 280 can be included anywhere along fluid line portion 136 to fluidly couple fluid line portion 136 to the rest of fluid line 111.

[00149] Scrubbing member 198 can be comprised of any material that can scrub a windshield without scratching the glass. In one embodiment, scrubbing member 198 comprises a material that is softer than tempered glass according to the Rockwell Hardness Index. In one embodiment, scrubbing member 198 is comprised of one or more of: a foam pad, a chamois, a cloth, and bristles. In one embodiment, scrubbing member 198 is comprised of a high density foam. In another embodiment, scrubbing member 198 is comprised of a silicon rubber compound. In still another embodiment, scrubbing member 198 is comprised of a polycarbonate plastic. Other materials can alternatively be used. In addition, a mesh netting can be used to cover the scrubbing surfaces 270 and 272 if desired, as shown in the depicted embodiment. Furthermore, as discussed above, scrubbing member 198 can be comprised of a material that partially absorbs the washer fluid so that the scrubbing member can moisten the windshield as it passes over the windshield.

[00150] Continuing with Figure 11, scrubbing member 198 is attached to reciprocating member 202 in such a manner that scrubbing member 198 will reciprocally move with reciprocating member 202 to thereby scrub the glass as the windshield wiper 100 moves over the windshield. This is done by attaching the top surface 264 of scrubbing member 198 to the bottom surface 224 of bottom portion 220 of reciprocating member 202. In some embodiments scrubbing member 198 is permanently attached to reciprocating member 202, while in other embodiments scrubbing member 198 is attached so as to be removable. If permanent attachment is desired, adhesives such as glues, epoxies, or other types of adhesives can be used. Other known methods for permanent attachment can also be used.

[00151] If a removable attachment is desired, a means for removably attaching scrubbing member 198 to reciprocating assembly 196 can be used. For example, in the depicted embodiment, the means for removably attaching scrubbing member 198 to reciprocating assembly 196 comprises a hook and loop fastener 282, such as, e.g., a VELCRO type of fastener, as is known in the art. Hook and loop fastener 282 comprises matching strips 284 and 286.

[00152] Strip 284 is permanently adhered to the top surface 264 of scrubbing member 198 and matching strip 286 is permanently adhered to the bottom surface 224 of bottom portion 220 of reciprocating member 202. Strip 284 has a surface comprised of either the hook or the loop material, and strip 286 has a surface comprised of the mating loop or hook material, as is known in the art. As such, when the two strips 284 and 286 are pushed together, the hook and loop surfaces engage each other, causing the two strips to attach to each other and remain attached until pulled apart, as is known in the art. Because strips 284 and 286 are respectfully adhered to scrubbing member 198 and reciprocating member 202, scrubbing member 198 is thereby attached to reciprocating member 202 until the user pries the two members apart.

[00153] Alternatively, other types of fasteners, such as releasable adhesives, screws, releasable fasteners, pins, etc. can also be used as the means for removably attaching scrubbing member 198 to reciprocating assembly 196. Other means for removably attaching scrubbing member 198 to reciprocating member 202, as are known in the art, can also be used.

[00154] Scrubbing member 198 may need to be removed and replaced periodically for a number of reasons. For example, simple wear and tear that occurs over an extended period of time of use may necessitate periodic replacement. Or a user may have scrubbing members made of different materials for different uses so as to necessitate switching scrubbing members. For example, a user may have one scrubbing member for normal use and a scrubbing member made of a stiffer material for winter use or for off-road use. The user would then want to switch scrubbing members based on the desired use.

[00155] In light of the above, a removable attachment of scrubbing member 198 to reciprocating member 202 provides some unique benefits over a permanent attachment. For example, if scrubbing member 202 is removable, then scrubbing member 202 can simply be removed from reciprocating member 202 and replaced while reciprocating member 202 remains attached to scrubber support structure 140. When the attachment of scrubbing member 198 to reciprocating member 202 is permanent, however, reciprocating member 202 is also required to be removed from scrubber support structure 140 every time scrubbing member 198 is replaced. Furthermore, reciprocating member 202 also is required to be replaced with scrubbing member 198 if the attachment is permanent.

[00156] Returning to Figure 1, motor 144 can comprise a standard dc type electrical motor as is known in the art that is mounted to scrubber support structure 140. In some embodiments, motor 144 has a speed of between about 1,000 rpm to about 20,000 rpm, with between about 2,000 rpm to about 12,000 rpm being common. Other speeds can also be used. Lower rpms are also possible through gearing to improve torque and reduce noise, which can be a byproduct of the scrubbing action. For example, in one embodiment, motor 144 has a speed of about 24,000 rpms, but the shaft only runs at 2650 rpms after a gear reduction of 9.66: 1. Other gear ratios can also be used, as discussed below. In the depicted embodiment, motor 144 is mounted to the center section 152 of scrubber support structure 140, although this is not required. Motor 144 can be mounted to scrubber support structure 140 by mounting screw, fastener, or other permanent or removable mounting means known in the art.

[00157] Turning to Figure 14, motor 144 has a shaft 292 extending therefrom that rotates about a rotational axis 294 when motor 144 is energized. Motor 144 is configured to be energized by the automobile battery or a portable power source, such as a battery pack, as discussed below.

[00158] Motor 144 is positioned on scrubber support structure 140 (see Figure 2) so as to engage with scrubber element 142 and thereby reciprocally move scrubber element 142 along the central longitudinal axis 194. To do this, motor 144 is attached to scrubber element 142 through a linkage 295 which converts rotational motion of the motor shaft 292 to linear motion of the scrubber element 142. For example, in the depicted embodiment an attaching member 296 is secured to shaft 292 at a position offset from the rotational axis 294. The attaching member 296 can be attached to shaft 292 or can be integrally formed therewith. In the depicted embodiment, the attaching member 296 comprises a pin. Other types of attaching members can alternatively be used. Due to its offset from rotational axis 294, pin 296 travels in a circle around rotational axis 294 as shaft 292 is rotated.

[00159] In the depicted embodiment, motor 144 is positioned on scrubber support structure so that shaft 292 extends downward toward scrubber element 142 and pin 296 extends through aperture 256 of tab 246. By so doing, rotation of shaft 292 can cause reciprocating assembly 196 to reciprocally move along the central longitudinal axis 194 thereof as hereafter described with reference to Figures 15A-15D.

[00160] As described above, as shaft 292 rotates, pin 296 moves in a circle. As shown in Figures 15A-15D, this causes pin 296 to move back and forth between first and second ends 258 and 260 of aperture 256 while tab 246 moves laterally back and forth along the longitudinal axis 194.

[00161] In Figure 15 A, shaft 292 is positioned so that pin 296 is at its leftmost position on the shaft. In this position, pin 296 is disposed about midway between first and second ends 258 and 260 of aperture 256 and tab 246 is in its leftmost position.

[00162] As shaft 292 rotates clockwise ninety degrees, as denoted by arrow 298a, pin 296 moves to the position shown in Figure 15B. As a result of the rotation of shaft 292, pin 296 has now moved to the second end 260 of aperture 256 and tab 246 has moved to the right with respect to its position in Figure 15 A. Because tab 246 is attached to reciprocating assembly 196, reciprocating assembly 196 also moves to the right, as denoted by arrow 299a.

[00163] As shaft 292 further rotates clockwise another ninety degrees as denoted by arrow 298b, pin 296 moves to the position shown in Figure 15C. In this position, pin 296 has now moved back to the middle of aperture 256 and tab 246 has moved further to the right, to its rightmost position. Again, because pin 246 is attached to reciprocating assembly 196, reciprocating assembly 196 also moves to the right, as denoted by arrow 299b.

[00164] As shaft 292 further rotates clockwise another ninety degrees as denoted by arrow 298c, pin 296 moves to the position shown in Figure 15D. In this position, pin 296 has now moved to the other (i.e., first) end 258 of aperture 256 and tab 246 has started to move back to the left. Reciprocating assembly 196 has also moved to the left, accordingly, as denoted by arrow 299c.

[00165] Finally, as shaft 292 further rotates clockwise another ninety degrees, pin 296 and tab 246 return to the position shown in Figure 15A and the process can repeat itself. Because of the continuous rotation of shaft 292, the engagement of pin 296 and tab 246 causes reciprocating assembly 196 to be reciprocally moved along central longitudinal axis. And due to its attachment to reciprocating assembly 196, scrubber element 142 (see Figure 14) is also reciprocally moved along central longitudinal axis 194.

[00166] Although shaft 292 is discussed above as rotating in a clockwise direction, it is appreciated that shaft 292 can alternatively rotate in a counterclockwise direction, which will also result in reciprocating assembly 196 reciprocally moving along the central longitudinal axis. In addition, although the depicted embodiment shows tab 246 extending laterally from reciprocating member 202, it is appreciated that tab 246 can alternatively be positioned so as to not extend laterally (see, e.g., tab 352 of Figure 17A). Furthermore, the embodiment described above using pin 296 as the attaching member and tab 246 as the receiving member is only one example of a linkage that can be used with the present invention. Other linkages are also possible.

[00167] For example, Figure 16 depicts an alternative embodiment of a linkage 300 having a tab 302 and a pin 304 that can be used with the present invention. Tab 302 is similar to tab 246 in many respects. For example, similar to tab 246, tab 302 is attached to reciprocating assembly 196 and has an aperture 306 formed therein. However, instead of being substantially horizontal, as tab 246 is, tab 302 is substantially vertical. Similarly, pin 304 is similar to pin 296 in many respects. For example, similar to pin 296, pin 304 is positioned on shaft 292 so as to be offset from rotational axis 294. Unlike in linkage 295 discussed previously, however, pin 304 is not directly received within aperture 306 formed on tab 302. Instead, linkage 300 includes a link 308 that connects pin 304 to tab 302. [00168] Link 308 is comprised of a wire or the like extending between a first end 312 and a spaced apart second end 314. Link 308 is looped at first end 312 so as to bound an aperture 310. Pin 304 is inserted through aperture 310. Unlike pin 296, pin 304 is bent at the end 316 furthest from shaft 292 so that pin 304 will remain within aperture 310. The other end 314 of link 308 is inserted through aperture 306 formed in tab 302. Link 308 is further bent at second end 314 to help keep link 308 disposed within aperture 306.

[00169] As shaft 292 rotates, the first end 312 of link 308 moves in a circular pattern with pin 304, which causes the second end 314 of link 308, which is attached to tab 302, to reciprocate in the longitudinal direction 194. Because of its attachment to tab 302, reciprocating assembly 196 is thus caused to reciprocally move along central longitudinal axis 194.

[00170] Figures 17A-17C depict another embodiment of a linkage 350 that can be used in the present invention. Applicant notes that reciprocating member 202 in Figures 17A- 17C includes a top portion 204 that is broken into multiple segments 244, as discussed above. As shown in Figure 17A, linkage 350 is designed so that motor 144 can be mounted such that rotational axis 294 is substantially parallel to central longitudinal axis 194 (Figure 2). Similar to linkage 295, linkage 350 has a tab 352 formed in a receiving member 353 and a pin 354. However, instead of being directly secured to shaft 292, pin 354 is indirectly coupled to shaft 292 through a gearing system 356. Gearing system 356 is designed to convert the rotation of shaft 292 of motor 144 about rotational axis 294 into rotation about a rotational axis 358 that is perpendicular to rotational axis 294. To accomplish this, gearing system 356 comprises a first gear 360 attached to or integrally formed with shaft 292 of motor 144, and a second gear 362 to which pin 354 is attached.

[00171] First gear 360 is circularly shaped with gear teeth 364 positioned about the perimeter thereof. First gear 360 is directly mounted onto shaft 292 so as to rotate about rotational axis 294. Alternatively, first gear 360 can be integrally formed on shaft 292. Second gear 362 is also circularly shaped with gear teeth 366 positioned about the perimeter thereof. Gear teeth 366 are configured to mate with gear teeth 364, as shown in the depicted embodiment. Second gear 362 is mounted onto scrubber support structure 140 so that second gear 362 can rotate about rotational axis 358, which is orthogonal to rotational axis 294. Pin 354 is secured to second gear 362, either directly or through a mounting member 368, as shown in the depicted embodiment. Pin 354 is positioned so as to extend in the same direction as rotational axis 358, but to be offset from the rotational axis 358.

[00172] First and second gears 360 and 362 are positioned so that the teeth 364 and 366 enmesh. As such, as shaft 292 rotates about rotational axis 294, first gear 360 also rotates about rotational axis 294. This causes second gear 362 to rotate about rotational axis 358 due to the engaging teeth 364 and 366. The gear ratio between first and second gears 362 and 364 can be adapted as desired. In one embodiment, a gear ratio of about 10: 1 is used. In other embodiments, a gear ratio of about 7: 1 and about 4: 1 are used. Other gear ratios can also be used. Due to its offset from rotational axis 358, pin 354 travels in a circle around rotational axis 358 as second gear 362 rotates. Pin 354 engages tab 352 to cause reciprocating motion in a manner similar to that discussed above with regard to pin 296 and tab 246 and Figures 15A-15D.

[00173] Continuing with Figure 17A, because gearing system 356 converts rotational motion between perpendicular axes 294 and 358, motor 144 can be positioned so that shaft 292 extends therefrom in a direction that is substantially parallel to reciprocating assembly 196. In the depicted embodiment, gearing system 356 is positioned so that rotational axis 358 passes downward generally toward reciprocating assembly 196.

[00174] As a result, many of the components of the motor 440 and linkage 350 can be positioned directly above reciprocating member 202. For example, as shown in Figure 17B, aperture 256 of tab 352 can be aligned directly above reciprocating member 202. As a result, tab 352 can be substantially flush with the sides of reciprocating assembly 196, as in the depicted embodiment.

[00175] Turning to Figure 17C, to accommodate aperture 256 being positioned above reciprocating member 202, receiving member 353 can also include a pair of risers 367 positioned between tab 352 and reciprocating member 202 on either side (along longitudinal axis 194) of aperture 256. Alternatively, the risers 367 can be integrally formed on reciprocating member 202. Risers 367 allow sufficient space between tab 352 and reciprocating member 202 so that during normal operation, pin 354 has sufficient room to move within aperture 256 without the end of pin 354 contacting reciprocating member 202. To provide sufficient room for risers 367, tab 352 may be substantially longer along longitudinal axis 194 than tab 246.

[00176] To assemble receiving member 353, risers 367 are first positioned on top surface 206 of reciprocating member 202 and secured thereto. This can be accomplished by adhesive, fasteners, or other known securing devices or methods. In one embodiment, a threaded screw is used for each riser 367. The screws can be threaded up through reciprocating member 202 and into risers 367 so that the sharp end of each screw is positioned away from scrubbing member 198 so that it cannot scratch the windshield. Of course, if risers 367 are integrally formed in reciprocating member 202, risers 367 are already secured to reciprocating member 202, and this step can be omitted.

[00177] Once each riser 367 is positioned and secured to reciprocating member 202, tab 352 is positioned on top of risers 367 and secured thereto. This can also be accomplished by adhesive, fasteners, or other known securing devices or methods. In one embodiment, the same threaded screws used to secure risers 367 to reciprocating member 202 can be used to secure tab 352 to each riser 367 by threading the screws further into tab 352. In the depicted embodiment, each riser 367 is integrally formed on reciprocating member 202. A bolt 369 is inserted up through one of the risers 367a and tab 352 and secured thereto with a mating nut 371. A split pin 375 is inserted up through the other riser 367b and tab 352 and then spread at the ends to secure tab 352 to reciprocating member 202. As noted above these are examples only; other securing devices and methods can also be used.

[00178] As shown in Figure 17 A, as a result of the vertical alignment, motor 144 can be positioned within the framework of scrubber support structure 140, if desired. For example, in the depicted embodiment a pair of attachment members 370 and 372 secures motor 144 within channel 420 formed by center section 152 of main cross arm 146. Attachment members 370 and 372 each attaches to motor 144 and to side walls 416 and 418 of main cross arm 146. In this manner, motor 144 is at least partially positioned and mounted within channel 420. Support structure 373 of the second gear 362 can also be mounted within channel 420, if desired, as shown in the depicted embodiment. Of course, care must be taken to make sure that motor 144 does not interfere with the actuator and linkages of the engaging assembly that extend through scrubber support structure 140.

[00179] If desired, the placement of motor 144 and pin 354 can be reversed. That is, if desired, motor 144 can be affixed to scrubber element 142 and tab 352 can be affixed to scrubber support structure 140 so that pin 354 can extend into tab 352. Gearing system 356 can also be affixed to scrubber element 142, if desired.

[00180] It is appreciated that other types of gears and gearing systems can also be used in place of gearing system 356. For example, crown gears, pinion gears, and worm gears can be used, if desired. Figure 18 shows an embodiment in which a flexible cable 384 is used with gearing being positioned within the motor 144. Other gearing systems can also be used.

[00181] In another embodiment, motor 144 can be positioned directly above tab 352 and oriented vertically so motor 144 can couple with aperture 256 without using external gearing.

[00182] Figures 19A and 19B depict another embodiment of a linkage 700 that can be used in the present invention. Similar to linkage 350, linkage 700 is designed so that motor 144 can be mounted such that rotational axis 294 is substantially parallel to central longitudinal axis 194 (Figure 2). Also similar to linkage 350, linkage 700 has a pin 702 indirectly coupled to motor shaft 292 (Figure 17A) through a gearing system 703 that is designed to convert the rotation of motor shaft 292 about rotational axis 294 into rotation about a rotational axis 704 that is perpendicular to rotational axis 294. However, instead of the rotational axis passing downward toward reciprocating assembly 196, rotational axis 704 passes laterally with respect to reciprocating assembly 196. That is, rotational axis 704 is substantially orthogonal to rotational axis 358 (Figure 17A).

[00183] Similar to pin 354, pin 702 is secured to gearing system 703, either directly or through a mounting member 706, as shown in the depicted embodiment. Pin 702 is positioned so as to extend in the same direction as rotational axis 704, but to be offset therefrom. Due to the offset, pin 702 travels in a circle around rotational axis 704 as motor shaft 292 rotates.

[00184] Similar to previous embodiments, linkage 700 also includes a tab 708 that converts the rotational motion of pin 702 into reciprocating motion of the reciprocating assembly 196. Tab 708 includes a first section 710 and a second section 712 that extends orthogonally therefrom. First section 710 is configured to attach to reciprocating assembly 196. This can be done using any type of fastener or adhesive or other attaching device or method, as discussed above. Second section 712 includes an aperture 714 that receives pin 702. Aperture 714 is similar to aperture 256, discussed above, except that aperture 714 is substantially vertically oriented. Notwithstanding, aperture 714 works in a similar manner as aperture 256, as discussed above. As such, as pin 702 rotates, tab 708 converts the rotational motion to reciprocating motion that is translated to reciprocating assembly 196. [00185] Due to the use of gearing system 703, motor 144 and/or gearing system 703 can be positioned within the framework of scrubber support structure 140, if desired, similar to the embodiment discussed above. In one embodiment, a pair of attachment members can be used to secure motor 144 within channel 420 formed by center section 152 of main cross arm 146, as discussed above (see Figure 17A). Alternatively, as shown in the embodiment depicted in Figure 19B, motor 144 can be integrally molded with scrubber support structure 140 in this or any other embodiment contemplated herein. Other options are also possible.

[00186] To allow mounting member 706 to extend laterally from gearing system 703, an aperture 710 can be cut out or otherwise formed through side wall 416 of main cross arm 146. Mounting member 706 can extend through aperture 710 so that pin 702 is received within aperture 714 of second section 712 of tab 708.

[00187] Other types of linkages that convert rotary to reciprocating motion can alternatively be used. Furthermore, gearing can also be used in other embodiments, including those described previously, to change the ratio and alter torque levels of rotational motion to reciprocating motion, if desired.

[00188] As noted above, various motor speeds can be used ranging from about 2,000 rpm to about 20,000 rpm. If the attaching member 296 is secured directly to the shaft of the motor, the reciprocating frequency of the reciprocating assembly will generally match the rotary speed. That is, if the motor speed is, e.g., about 3,000 rpm, then the reciprocating frequency will be about 3,000 cycles/minute or about 50 cycles per second (Hz). Of course, if gearing is used, then the reciprocating frequency is determined by the gear ratio, as is known in the art. In various embodiments, the reciprocating frequency of reciprocating assembly 196 can range between about 20 Hz to about 200 Hz with about 30 Hz to about 50 Hz being common. Other reciprocating frequencies can also be used.

[00189] In an alternative embodiment, a turbine is used in place of motor 144 to provide the rotational motion to attaching member 296. For example, U.S. Patent Application 12/705,221, filed on February 12, 2010, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, discloses a system using a turbine to provide rotational motion to an attaching member that can be used with the present invention. In other embodiments, a pneumatically driven turbine can be used.

[00190] In some embodiments, the scrubbing motion produced is a non-reciprocating motion. Figure 20 depicts an alternative embodiment of a scrubber assembly 388 that causes the reciprocating assembly to vibrate instead of reciprocate to help clean the windshield. To accomplish this, a vibrating motor 390 is used instead of conventional rotary shaft motor 144. Instead of being secured to scrubber support structure 140 and being indirectly coupled to reciprocating assembly 196 as in previously described embodiments, vibrating motor 390 is secured rigidly to reciprocating assembly 196 (which will also be referred to herein as vibrating assembly 196 when vibrating motor 390 is used). This can be done by rigidly attaching vibrating motor 390 directly to vibrating assembly 196, or to receiving member 246, as in the depicted embodiment. In light of this, when vibrating motor 390 is activated so as to vibrate, vibrating assembly 196 correspondingly vibrates due to its rigid attachment to vibrating motor 390.

[00191] Vibrating motor 390 can be made from a conventional motor by simply adding an offset weight to the shaft thereof. Alternatively, many commercially available vibrating motors can be used in the present invention. Various vibrating frequencies can be used. In some embodiments, vibrating frequencies within the ultrasonic range (i.e., above 22 kHz) are used. Furthermore, vibrating motor 390 can be positioned anywhere along vibrating assembly 196. For example, in one embodiment vibrating motor 390 is positioned at or near first end 190 while in another embodiment, vibrating motor 390 is positioned at or near second end 192. If desired, one or more additional vibrating motors 390 can also be used. For example, a pair of vibrating motors can be positioned at opposite ends of vibrating assembly, if desired. Other configurations are also possible.

[00192] In addition, one or more vibrating motors 390 can be used in conjunction with any of the embodiments discussed previously that use motor 144. For example, one or more vibrating motors 390 can be positioned at or near first or second ends 190, 192, while motor 144 is positioned near the center of reciprocating/vibrating assembly 196. By so doing, scrubbing member 198 can use both a reciprocating motion and a vibrating motion to clean the windshield as scrubbing member 198 passes over the windshield.

[00193] Other types of reciprocating and non-reciprocating embodiments can also be used. For example, Figure 21 depicts an alternative embodiment in which a rotating assembly is used to help clean the windshield. In the depicted embodiment, a plate 590 is attached to the motor housing and a corresponding plate 592 is attached to reciprocating assembly 196. Plates 590 and 592 are generally aligned with each other and coupled by using flexible couplers 594 disposed about the periphery of the plates. Flexible couplers 594 can be comprised of rubber or other flexible materials. In addition, a weighted mass (not shown) is attached to motor shaft 292 so that the center of gravity of the mass is offset from the rotational axis 294 of shaft 292. Because of this, when motor 144 is energized and shaft 292 rotates, the offset weight of the mass causes motor 144 to slightly wobble in a generally circular fashion. This causes motor plate 590 to rotate by virtue of its attachment to motor 144, which in turn causes the scrubber assembly plate 592 to rotate in response. Thus, when motor 144 is energized, reciprocating assembly 196 rotates.

[00194] In some embodiments, motor 144 and actuator 550 are electrically connected to the battery of the automobile to which windshield wiper 100 is attached. In those embodiments, wires are strung from the battery or other electrical terminal on the automobile to motor 144 and actuator 550 through wiper arm 106. It is noted that all electrical wiring has been omitted from the drawings herein for clarity sake. In other embodiments, a power source other than the automobile battery can be used.

[00195] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 17A, windshield wiper 100 further comprises a portable power source 394 that provides power to the motor 144 and/or actuator 550 through appropriate wiring or cabling. The portable power source 394 can comprise a battery pack 324 mounted to or integrally formed with the scrubber support structure 140. Battery pack 324 can be positioned anywhere on scrubber support structure 140 or wiper support structure 108. Battery pack 324 is configured to hold one or more batteries. Embodiments of the invention can be powered by conventional batteries, such as AAA, AA, C, D, or 9-volt batteries. Accordingly, any type of battery pack 324 that houses those types of batteries can be used. Furthermore, battery pack 324 can include 1 or more batteries connected in series or in parallel, as is known in the art. Other types of batteries, such as watch-type or other batteries and corresponding battery packs can also be used. In the depicted embodiment, the battery pack is integrally formed with scrubber support structure 140, although this is not required.

[00196] A number of different means are available to turn actuator 550 and motor 144 on and off so as to raise and lower scrubber assembly 102 and engage scrubber element 142. For example, one or more manual toggle switches, as are known in the art, can be electrically connected between battery pack 324 and actuator 550 and/or motor 144 to actuate the actuator and motor. The switches can be positioned on the dashboard or other locations on the inside of the automobile. In one embodiment, motor 144 automatically turns on when scrubber assembly 102 is in the lowered position. In that embodiment, only a single switch is required to move the scrubber element as engaging the motor is automatic.

[00197] The vehicle fluid line can also be configured to automatically dispense wiper fluid when the scrubber assembly is actuated. For example, in one embodiment, the washer fluid pump is automatically turned on when the scrubber assembly is lowered and automatically turns off when the scrubber assembly is raised. In another embodiment, a timer circuit can be employed to use less fluid. The washer fluid pump can still automatically turn on when the scrubber assembly is lowered, but the timer circuit can then turn off the washer fluid pump after a predetermined time. In testing, it was determined that running the washer fluid pump for as little as a couple of seconds provided enough washer fluid to clean the windshield, especially if the washer fluid line was adjacent the windshield and the scrubber member or within the scrubber member. Thus, as discussed above, the present invention can allow for much less washer fluid to be used.

[00198] In some embodiments, remote switches can be used in place of manual toggle switches. This allows actuator 550 and/or motor 144 to be actuated wirelessly. For example, Figure 22 shows a system in which a remote motion actuated switch is used to and control the actuator and the motor. In the depicted embodiment, a wireless receiver 330, as is known in the art, is attached to scrubber support structure 140 or otherwise positioned on the vehicle and electrically connected to actuator 550. A corresponding wireless transmitter 332 is positioned within the automobile, either attached to the automobile, or freely movable therein. To conserve energy, actuator 550 can be set up so that no electrical signal is flowing therethrough, except when the scrubber element is being moved between the raised and lowered positions.

[00199] When the user desires to lower the scrubber element onto the windshield, a button on wireless transmitter 332 can be pushed or otherwise toggled, which causes wireless transmitter 332 to wirelessly send a "lower" command signal to wireless receiver 330. Wireless receiver 330 then actuates actuator 550, thereby causing the scrubber assembly to lower onto the windshield in the manner discussed above. Wireless receiver 330 also automatically actuates motor 144, thereby causing the scrubber element to reciprocally move, as discussed above.

[00200] When the user pushes or toggles the same or another button, wireless transmitter 332 can wirelessly sends a "raise" command signal to wireless receiver 330. Wireless receiver 330 then causes actuator 550 to raise the scrubber assembly off the windshield in the manner discussed above. Wireless receiver 330 also automatically causes motor 144 to disengage and the scrubber element stops reciprocating. If the vehicle fluid line is configured to dispense wiper fluid automatically, then the disengagement of motor 144 can also automatically cause the fluid line to stop dispensing wiper fluid.

[00201] Wireless transmitter 332 and receiver 330 can use a matching infrared, digital, analog, or other type of wireless link, as is known in the art. Additionally, the signal can be encoded or not, as is also known in the art. In one embodiment, transmitter 332 is incorporated into a fob or like device that the vehicle operator can carry with them when they are not in the vehicle. This can be especially useful when attempting to clean the window of snow and ice in the winter, as discussed below.

[00202] In alternative embodiments, actuator 550 and motor 144 can be automatically turned on and off so as to raise and lower scrubber assembly 102 and engage scrubber element 142. For example, in one embodiment actuator 550 and motor 144 can be automatically controlled to turn on and off by simply activating the washer fluid activator already positioned within the vehicle.

[00203] Turning to Figure 23, in a typical automobile, when a driver engages a washer fluid activator 542 to clean the windshield, e.g., by rotating a lever or pushing a button, a washer fluid pump 544 is energized by receiving power from the power source 324 (i.e., the automobile battery), causing washer fluid to be sprayed onto the windshield. A wiper motor 546 is also automatically actuated to move the wipers across the windshield. When the driver un-engages the washer fluid activator 542, e.g., by discontinuing the rotation of the lever or the pushing of the button, washer fluid pump 544 is de-energized, thereby discontinuing the spray of washer fluid onto the windshield. However, the wipers continue to move across the windshield for a few cycles before stopping even after the washer fluid pump is de-energized. The actuation and delayed de-actuation of the wipers is typically controlled by a true off-delay timer 548 receiving its power from washer fluid pump 544.

[00204] When a true off-delay timer is energized, it immediately provides energy to the devices attached to it, thereby actuating the devices. When the true off-delay timer is de- energized, however, it continues to provide energy to the devices for a predetermined period of time before stopping. Thus, the true off-delay timer is used to delay the turning off of whatever devices are attached thereto. [00205] As shown in Figure 23, to automatically turn actuator 550 and scrubber motor 144 on and off, actuator 550 and scrubber motor 144 can be attached to true off-delay timer 548 already installed in the automobile. Actuator 550 and scrubber motor 144 can be attached to the true off-delay timer 548 in a number of ways. For example, a pass- through plug can be used that plugs into the output of true off-delay timer 548 so that wiper motor 546 can in turn plug into it. The pass-through plug is electrically coupled with the output of true off-delay timer 548 and with actuator 550 and scrubber motor 144 to provide the electrical connections therebetween. The pass-through plug also passes the electrical connection through between the true off-delay timer and the wiper motor.

[00206] As another example, the wires from actuator 550 and scrubber motor 144 can be spliced into the wires coupling true off-delay timer 548 with wiper motor 546. In another example, a wiring harness can be used that electrically couples true off-delay timer 548 to wiper motor 546, actuator 550, and scrubber motor 144.

[00207] Actuator 550 and scrubber motor 144 can be set to always be on when energized. For these embodiments, actuator 550 and scrubber motor 144 receive power and thus are "on" only when the wiper is actuated by spraying of the washer fluid. Thus, when the automobile driver engages washer fluid activator 542, the energizing of true off- delay timer 548 by washer fluid pump 544 causes not only wiper motor 546 to become energized, but also actuator 550 and scrubber motor 144, thereby lowering scrubber assembly 102 to the windshield and engaging scrubber element 142. When the automobile driver stops engaging washer fluid activator 542 and washer fluid pump 544 subsequently is de-activated, true off-delay timer 548 causes actuator 550 and scrubber motor 144 to remain energized with the wiper for the few cycles after deactivation of washer fluid pump 544. When scrubber motor 144 is de-energized, it simply stops working. When actuator 550 is de-energized, it can be configured to raise the scrubber assembly 102 from the windshield.

[00208] The predetermined period of time that true off-delay timer 548 remains energized after de-activation of the washer fluid pump is generally a few seconds, although other time periods are also possible. If a different period of time is desired, a separate true off-delay timer can be used so that wiper motor 546 can be controlled by a separate true off-delay timer than actuator 550 and scrubber motor 144.

[00209] Besides making the system automatically start and stop, using true off-delay timer 548 to actuate actuator 550 and scrubber motor 144 provides another benefit. In most cases, to most effectively scrub a windshield, the scrubber element should be damp. By tying the operation of the scrubber assembly to the washer fluid pump, the windshield will always be wetted when scrubber assembly is in use, thereby maximizing the scrubbing efficiency. Furthermore, for embodiments where the fluid line extends into the scrubbing element, the scrubbing element will already be moist by the time it is lowered onto the windshield and begins to be used.

[00210] A windshield wiper 100 according to the present invention can be used to replace a standard windshield wiper that is currently on a vehicle. To do this, the old windshield wiper can be removed from wiper arm 106 in the standard manner. The new windshield wiper 100 containing wiper assembly 104 and scrubber assembly 102 can then be installed using cylindrical cross member 410 as described above to attach windshield wiper 100 to wiper arm 106. If a washer fluid line is used, it can be attached to the vehicle's washer fluid pump or washer fluid line. Similarly, if vehicle power is used for wiper 100, the power cable can also be attached to the vehicle.

[00211] Once installed, windshield wiper 100 can be operated similar to a standard wiper. The vehicle operator uses the wiper controls to move the wiper back and forth across the windshield in the normal manner. When the scrubber assembly is in the raised position, the wiper works just like a standard wiper, cleaning the windshield with just the wiper blade.

[00212] When the operator desires to activate the scrubbing action of the scrubber member, the operator switches the system on by using a manual or electronic or wireless switch, as discussed above. Alternatively, as discussed above, windshield wiper 100 can be configured to operate automatically in conjunction with the cleaning cycle of the vehicle. That is, windshield wiper 100 can be configured to automatically operate when the washer fluid pump is actuated. Once the system is switched on, the servo is actuated, lowering the scrubber assembly to the windshield and thereby raising the wiper assembly with its corresponding squeegee blade off of the windshield. As noted above, this can automatically cause the scrubber motor to become energized, which causes the scrubbing member to reciprocally move as the scrubber assembly arcs across the windshield, thus providing the reciprocating scrubbing action.

[00213] When the user desires the scrubbing action to stop, the user simply switches the system off by using the same or a different manual or electronic or wireless switch. Alternatively, the system can be configured to automatically switch off, as discussed above. Switching the system off causes the servo to move the scrubber assembly to the raised position, thereby lowering the wiper assembly back onto the windshield. The motor is also de-energized, thus causing the scrubber member to stop reciprocating.

[00214] Embodiments of the present invention can also be used for removing ice and snow from windshields. For example, Figure 24 includes a scrubbing member 600 shaped so as to have a serrated edge. As particularly shown in Figure 25, the scrubbing surface 602 of scrubbing member 600 has a plurality of ridges 604 that extend laterally across scrubbing member 600 so as to be substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 606 of scrubbing member 600. As a result, when scrubbing member 600 is reciprocated in the direction denoted by arrow 608 as discussed above, ridges 604 move over the windshield in the direction of longitudinal axis 606. Because of this, each entire ridge 604 can contact ice or snow on the windshield to provide the maximum amount of pressure or force to remove the ice or snow. Other types of edge shapes can also be used. For example, instead of being orthogonal to longitudinal axis 606, ridges 604 can form an angle with longitudinal axis 606 so as to form a zig-zag shape. Other shapes are also possible.

[00215] Scrubbing member 600 can be made of the same types of materials discussed above with respect to scrubbing member 198. Alternatively, to better break apart ice, scrubbing member 600 can be comprised of a more rigid material, such as a polycarbonate or other polymeric compound. Other materials can also be used. So as to not damage the windshield, the material should have a lesser hardness value than glass, although this is not required. In one embodiment, scrubbing member 600 comprises a material that is softer than tempered glass according to the Rockwell Hardness Index.

[00216] Wiper 100 can be converted to or from an ice scraper by simply replacing the scrubber element, as discussed above. That is, by replacing scrubber element 198 with ice scraper scrubber element 600, wiper 100 can be used with ice. Replacing ice scraper scrubber element 600 with scrubber element 198 will convert wiper 100 back into a unit that can be used to remove bugs or other non-ice debris from the windshield.

[00217] One problem that can occur when using a windshield wiper in the winter is that the temperature can become cold enough that all or portions of the wiper can freeze. This can cause the wiper to miss portions of the windshield due to the differing windshield contours or to cause streaks to appear in the windshield as the wiper is used. Additionally, snow or ice can build up on the wiper blade in addition to the windshield, which can also cause streaks to appear in the windshield corresponding to the portions of the wiper blade that has the buildup. In many cases, the wiper blade can become stuck to the windshield due to ice buildup, especially after the vehicle has been sitting unused for a period of time, such as overnight.

[00218] In many cases, simply turning on motor 144 may alleviate many of these problems, even if scrubber assembly 102 is not lowered onto the windshield. This is because when energized, the reciprocating motion of motor 144 can cause wiper 100 to vibrate, thereby helping to remove much of the snow buildup on the wiper and possibly helping to thaw the wiper blade.

[00219] Additionally, embodiments of the present invention can include a covering. Figures 26 and 27 show an embodiment of a wiper 620 that includes a covering 622 disposed over wiper assembly 104, scrubber assembly 102, and engaging assembly 107. In essence, wiper 620 comprises wiper 100 received within covering 622. As particularly shown in Figure 27, covering 622 includes an outside surface 624 and an opposing inside surface 626 that bounds a cavity 628 with a mouth 630 at an opening 632 that extends through mouth 630. Cavity 628 receives wiper 100 such that mouth 630 is positioned at the bottom portion of wiper 100. As such, wiper blade 110 and scrubbing member 600 can extend down through the opening 632 at the mouth 630. As a result, wiper blade 110 and scrubbing member 600 can contact the windshield through the mouth 630 of covering 622.

[00220] As noted above, covering 622 is configured to receive wiper 100. As such, covering 622 can be flexible and resilient to be able to take the shape of wiper 100 when wiper 100 is positioned therein. Alternatively, covering 622 can be substantially rigid and molded so as to match the general shape of wiper 100. In some embodiments, wiper 100 and covering 622 are molded together. Regardless, covering 622 allows scrubber assembly 102 to move between the raised position shown in Figure 27 and the lowered position. Covering 622 also allows scrubbing member 600 to be reciprocally moved, as discussed above. This can be accomplished by allowing covering 622 to have a sufficient flexibility or by having the inside surface 626 of covering 622 be contoured such that the above movements can take place, especially if covering 622 is substantially rigid.

[00221] Covering 622 can be comprised of a rubber, polymeric, or other material that is waterproof and will keep the upper portions of wiper 100 free from snow and ice. Mouth 630 of covering 622 can be positioned at any distance above windshield that will allow wiper blade 110 and scrubbing member 600 to respectively contact the windshield when positioned thereat. In some embodiments, mouth 630 can be positioned between about 3 mm to about 30 mm above the windshield during use, with about 5mm to about 10 mm being common. Other distances above the windshield are also possible.

[00222] To further aid in cold weather, a heater can be included in the wiper assembly to thaw the wiper components and thaw or melt the ice and snow on the windshield. For example, as shown in Figure 27, a heater 640, such as a heating element or the like, can be disposed within covering 622 to heat the wiper assembly. The heater 640 can be attached to or molded into covering 622 or attached to wiper 100. Heater 640 only needs to provide a small amount of heat to thaw or melt. In some embodiments, heater 640 consumes less than about 100 watts. In other embodiments, heater 640 consumes between 50 and 200 Watts. Other power consumption values are also possible for heater 640. Heater 640 can be configured to be energized all the time or to only be energized when needed, as discussed below.

[00223] To allow for circulation of the heat generated by heater 640, a small fan 642 can also be included. The fan 642 can be positioned anywhere within covering 622, but is most likely to be positioned near heater 640, as in the depicted embodiment. When fan 642 is energized, the heat from heater 640 is circulated through cavity 628 to provide heat to a larger portion of the wiper. Similar to heater 640, fan 642 does not require much power. For example, fan 642 can also consume as little as a few watts of power. In some embodiments, fan 642 consumes less than about 100 watts. Other power consumption values are also possible for fan 642. In some embodiments, heater 640 and fan 642 combined consume less than 100 watts.

[00224] In this closed system, fan 642 can cause the heated air to circulate and remain within cavity 628 to provide heat to wiper 100 and the windshield and to keep the heated air therein. To aid in this, fan 642 and heater 640 can be positioned at or near the midpoint of wiper 100. The circulated heat helps to thaw any frozen surfaces of the wiper assembly and thaw and/or melt any ice or snow on wiper blade 110 or scrubbing member 600 due to very cold weather.

[00225] To increase circulation of the heat, an opening can be included in the covering. For example, the depicted embodiment includes a small aperture 644 formed on the top portion of covering 622 that extends all the way through covering 622 between the outside and inside surfaces 624 and 626. In some embodiments, fan 642 and heater 640 can be positioned within covering 622 at or near the site of aperture 644. In those embodiments, when fan 642 and heater 640 are energized, fan 642 can draw outside air into covering 622 through aperture 644. The air can be heated by heater 640 and moved through cavity 628 of covering 622 until the heated air exits through mouth 630. While drawing outside air into cavity 628 causes positive pressure to better move the heated air, having a closed system allows the system to heat up faster.

[00226] As noted above, in many cases the wiper blade can become stuck to the windshield due to ice buildup when the vehicle has been sitting unused for a period of time. This can be quite problematic. For one thing, when stuck to the windshield, the wiper will not move and therefore will not clear the windshield. Even worse, in some cases when the user attempts to use the wiper, the wiper arm will move, but the blade will tear and come off the wiper arm, rendering the wiper useless until a new blade can be procured.

[00227] Because of these problems, a vehicle operator will often start the vehicle, turn on the heater to heat the windshield, and then let the vehicle idle for a period of time (often 15-20 minutes or longer). This thaws the windshield and melts the ice to allow the wiper to work. However, it also wastes fuel and allows carbon dioxide and other harmful gases to be spewed into the air while the vehicle is essentially sitting still. Using embodiments of the present invention can allow the wiper to quickly become usable without causing the problems discussed above.

[00228] In contrast, using heater 640 of the present invention is a relatively fast way to free the system from the windshield in this scenario. Heater 640 can quickly thaw the wiper and melt the ice around the wiper blade so that the windshield wiper can again be used. For especially cold or thick ice, motor 144 can also be activated; the combination of the vibration and the heat should remove most ice or snow buildup on the wiper.

[00229] With reference to Figure 28, one method of removing ice and snow using a control circuit is now given. The control circuit can comprise computerized components if desired. For example, the control circuit can include a controller, firmware, memory, and other electronic components, as is known in the art. Alternatively, the control circuit can be a state machine, as is known in the art, or a combination of computerized components and state machine components. Other control circuit components can also be used.

[00230] As a general rule, during normal use of the windshield wiper, the scrubber assembly will typically be in the raised state and the wiper assembly in the lowered state such that the wiper blade is contacting the windshield. In step 650, the control circuit receives a command to activate the system. The command can be sent remotely by the operator, as discussed above. As such, the operator can send the command to a cold vehicle from inside the warmth of a house, office, or other building, for example. A fob, such as is known in the art for locking and unlocking a vehicle, can be used as the remote device. The command can also be triggered by a timing device or any other manner.

[00231] In step 652, upon receiving the activation command, the control circuit energizes the actuator to attempt to raise the wiper assembly with respect to the scrubber assembly so the scrubber assembly will contact the windshield. Another way to look at it is that the control circuit attempts to lower the scrubber assembly with respect to the wiper assembly.

[00232] While energizing the actuator, the control circuit monitors the amount of current being drawn by the actuator to determine if the current rises and remains above a predetermined level, as shown in Step 654. If the actuator cannot lower the scrubber assembly or raise the wiper assembly, the current will spike due to overexertion of the actuator . This will occur if the wiper blade is stuck to the windshield; that is, because the wiper blade is stuck to the windshield, the wiper assembly cannot be raised and the scrubber assembly cannot be lowered by the actuator. This can also occur if the gearing for the lift system is frozen. If the current were to remain at the elevated level, the actuator would likely eventually burn out and/or the wiper blade would eventually be damaged or torn. Other damage is also possible.

[00233] Therefore, as shown in step 656, if the current remains above the predetermined level, the control circuit turns off the power to the actuator so that the actuator will not burn out and so that damage will not occur to the wiper blade. The control circuit can also turn on the heater and fan so that heated air will circulate through the cavity and across the wiper blade to thaw the ice that is on and adjacent to the wiper blade. If desired, the control circuit can also energize the scrubber motor even though the scrubber assembly is not lowered. This will vibrate the wiper.

[00234] After a predetermined period of time, such as, e.g., thirty seconds or a minute, the control circuit returns to step 652 and again energizes the actuator. Other predetermined periods of time can also be used. The cycling process between steps 652 and 656 can continue until the control circuit determines in step 654 that the current level remains below the predetermined amount when the actuator has been energized, indicating that the actuator was successful in raising the wiper assembly and lowering the scrubber assembly to the windshield.

[00235] With the scrubber assembly in the lowered position (i.e., when it has been determined that the power has not spiked), the control circuit continues with the removal of ice and snow from the windshield, as shown in step 658. The control circuit actuates the motor to begin reciprocating the ice-breaking scrubber element and actuates the wiper arm motor to cause the wiper to move in its normal arc across the windshield. If desired, the heating element and fan can be turned off, although in some embodiments, the heat may still be desired within the cavity, and those devices can remain on.

[00236] In some embodiments, the heating element and/or fan are automatically turned on whenever the wiper is actuated and can remain on for the entire time that the wiper is used. In other embodiments, the heating element and/or fan can be configured to be on only when the scrubber assembly is in the lowered position. In still other embodiments, the heating element and/or fan can be configured to be on only when the scrubber assembly is in the raised position. Other configurations for the heating element and fan usage can also be used.

[00237] The above method yields many benefits. For example, as noted above, the wiper can be activated remotely while the operator is still within a warm environment. Furthermore, the ice and snow can be removed from the windshield quickly and efficiently. Finally, the vehicle does not waste gas and further harm the environment with harmful emission gases because the vehicle does not need to be started during the ice removal process. Another benefit is that the operator can easily tell when the vehicle is ready because the windshield becomes free of ice and snow and the wiper begins moving across the windshield.

[00238] Sometimes during use, ice and/or slush may build up on the wiper, even after the windshield has been cleared of ice and snow by the scrubbing element. This often occurs, e.g., when it is snowing during use of the vehicle, even when the windshield is warm. In one embodiment, the motor can be actuated when the scrubbing element is or is not contacting the window to help remove the ice and/or slush from the wiper, as noted above. Vibrations from the motor can help to loosen the ice and slush so they will more easily fall off of the wiper, even when the scrubbing element is not contacting the windshield. In embodiments that include a covering, the vibrating waves can be amplified in the corresponding wiper and/or the heater can be activated. [00239] In all of the embodiments discussed above, mounting brackets have been used to attach the wiper blade and scrubber element directly to the secondary cross arms. However, conventional supports tend to not provide an even force against the windshield along the entire wiper. Especially when the wiper is moving over windshields whose contours change as the wiper moves. To remedy this problem, adapters can be used in embodiments of the present invention to help the wiper blade and/or the scrubber element better contact the windshield.

[00240] For example, Figure 29A shows an embodiment of a scrubber support structure 670 in which adapters 672 are positioned between mounting brackets 168 and secondary cross arms 162. That is, each mounting bracket 168 is attached to or formed with an adapter 672, which is attached to or formed with one of the ends 164, 166 of the secondary cross arms 162.

[00241] Adapters 672 can be comprised of various materials and can take various forms. For example, Figure 29B shows an embodiment having adapters 672 that are each comprised of a small coiled spring 674. Each spring 674 can provide a small force acting to push the scrubber element onto the windshield, yet has some give in it to allow for windshield contour differences between adjacent springs. In one embodiment, springs 674 can be selected so that the amount of force associated with each spring can be different than one another. In one embodiment one or more of the springs 674 are individually adjustable so that the amount of force for each spring can be varied. This embodiment can be used for many different vehicles; each spring 674 can be adjusted to match the unique contours of the windshield for the particular vehicle. A flat or other type of spring can alternatively be used. Springs can be of any size and type desired.

[00242] Figure 29C shows an embodiment having adapters 672 that are each comprised of a flexible pad 676. Similar to the springs 674, each pad 676 can provide a small force to the scrubber element yet also allow some give. In addition, pads 676 can also allow for some lateral movement of the scrubber element. This can be useful when using a rotating assembly, such as rotating assembly 196 shown in Figure 21. Flexible pads 676 can be made of rubber, a rubber compound, or any other compressible material. Flexible pads 676 can be of any thickness desired. Different thicknesses of pads can be used at different positions to customize the force to match the particular windshield.

[00243] Figure 29D shows an embodiment having adapters 672 that are each comprised of a combination of spring 674 and flexible pad 676. This combination can give a combination of the benefits of each component. Other types of adapters are also possible. Although the above discussion is related to using adapters 672 with scrubber support structure 670, it is appreciated that adapters 672 can also be used with wiper support structures. That is, adapters 672 can also be used to provide the desired forces to wiper blade 110. Furthermore, any other portion of the wiper support structure 108 or scrubber support structure 140 can also use adapters. For example, spring steel or the like can be used for any of the arms on wiper support structure 108 or scrubber support structure 140.

[00244] In some embodiments, adapters can provide enough support and force to scrubber support element and/or wiper element to be able to omit one or more cross arms. For example, Figure 30 shows an embodiment of a scrubber support structure 680 in which the primary and secondary cross arms have been omitted. Instead, scrubber support structure 680 includes a main cross arm 682 and a single primary cross arm 684 attached thereto. Main cross arm 682 can be similar to main cross arm 146, although this is not required. Primary cross arm 684 has a top surface 686 and an opposing bottom surface 688 that span the length of scrubber support structure 680 from a first end 690 to a second end 692. Bottom surface 688 of primary cross arm 684 is configured to face the windshield. Bottom surface 688 can be substantially flat between first and second ends 690 and 692 or have a concave shape, as in the depicted embodiment. Other shapes can alternatively be used.

[00245] A plurality of adapters 672, such as those discussed above, are attached to the bottom surface 688 of primary cross arm 684. Adapters 672 are spaced substantially evenly along primary cross arm 684, although that is not required. Although not shown, the scrubber element can mount directly to adapters 672 or to a mounting bracket attached to the adapters, as discussed above. During use, the combination of the curvature of primary cross arm 684 and the force of adapters 672 causes the scrubber element to contact the windshield across the entire width of the scrubber element. In one embodiment, adapters 672 have differing force values, as discussed above. In one embodiment, the force values of one or more of the adapters 672 are adjustable.

[00246] In one embodiment, the scrubber element is attached to primary cross arm 684 without the use of any adapters. For example, Figure 31 shows an embodiment of a scrubber element 694 that is glued or otherwise attached directly to bottom surface 688 of primary cross arm 684. In this embodiment, primary cross arm 684 is comprised of a thin piece of flexible, resilient, spring steel that is concave between first and second ends 690 and 692. Other materials can also be used for primary cross arm.

[00247] Turning to Figure 32A, when scrubber support structure 680 is in the raised position, primary cross arm 684 is above the windshield and in the concave position shown in Figure 31. When the servo is actuated and scrubber support structure 680 is moved to the lowered position as discussed above, primary cross arm 684 contacts the windshield and flattens out due to the force exerted by the ends 690 and 692 of primary cross arm 684 against the windshield, as shown in Figure 32B. Because of the initial concave shape of primary cross arm 684, the force exerted by primary cross arm 684 at the ends 690 and 692 thereof is greater than at the center portion thereof. As such, scrubber element 694 can have a greater cleaning force at the ends 690 and 692 thereof to, e.g., compensate for the lack of direct support in the ends of the scrubber element. When the scrubber support structure 680 is moved back to the raised position, primary cross arm 684 can return to the concave shape shown in Figure 32A due to the resiliency of primary cross arm 684.

[00248] In the embodiments discussed above, the scrubber elements are separated from the wiper blades such the scrubber element can be reciprocated or vibrated independent of the wiper blade. In other embodiments, the scrubber element can be attached to or incorporated in the wiper blade and the wiper blade reciprocated and/or vibrated to take advantage of the scrubber element. In some embodiments, the scrubber element replaces the wiper blade.

[00249] For example, depicted in Figures 33-47 is an embodiment of a windshield wiper 1100 incorporating features of the present invention. Windshield wiper 1100 comprises a support structure 1102 having a scrubbing wiper assembly 1104 slidably attached thereto and a means 1106 for reciprocating the scrubbing wiper assembly along a central longitudinal axis 1107. The windshield wiper 1100 is configured to be attached to a standard wiper arm 1108 of a vehicle.

[00250] Figure 48 is a block diagram showing windshield wiper 1100 on a windshield 1270 according to one embodiment. As with most conventional windshield wipers, windshield wiper 1100 moves laterally across the windshield, typically within an arc 1272. The block diagram shows windshield wiper 1100 at a central location as well as at two other locations along arc 1272. To differentiate the elements at the three different locations, each element is delineated with one accent mark at the leftmost depicted location and two accent marks at the rightmost depicted location.

[00251] As represented, regardless of the position of windshield wiper 1100 on its path 1272, the lateral movement of windshield wiper 1100, denoted by arrows 1274, is generally orthogonal to central longitudinal axis 1107.

[00252] As shown in the exploded views of Figures 36 and 37, support structure 1102 comprises a tram 1110 extending longitudinally between first and second ends 1112 and 1114. Tram 1110 includes a channel 1116 into which a connector 1118 is received and attached. Connector 1118 is designed to attach to the end of a standard wiper arm 1108 of a vehicle. Connector 11 18 can be any type of connector, including those that are known in the art and conventionally used for connecting to wiper arms.

[00253] Tram 1110 also includes a housing 1120 bounding a compartment 1122 into which portions of the means 1106 for reciprocating the scrubbing wiper assembly can be positioned, as discussed below. A compartment cover 1124 can be attached to housing 1120 at the mouth of compartment 1122 once the desired portions of the means 1106 for reciprocating the scrubbing wiper assembly are positioned within compartment 1122. As shown in Figure 35, when compartment cover 1124 is attached, an opening 1126 remains into compartment 1122.

[00254] Support structure 1102 further comprises a pair of rail assemblies 1128 (1128a, 1128b) attached to each end 1112 and 1114 of tram 1110. Each rail assembly 1128 includes a primary cross arm 1130 flexibly attached to tram 1110 and a pair of secondary cross arms 1132 (1132a, 1132b), respectively flexibly attached to opposite ends of primary cross arm 1130. A mounting bracket 1134 is positioned at the ends of each secondary cross arm 1132. In the depicted embodiment, eight mounting brackets are shown, although other numbers can also be used. Other rail assembly configurations known in the art can also be used.

[00255] As shown in Figure 46, each mounting bracket 1134 is substantially "c" shaped, with the opening of the "c" facing downward and away from the cross arms. As such, each mounting bracket 1134 comprises an encircling sidewall 1136 bounding a passageway 1138 that extends laterally through mounting bracket 1134.

[00256] Tram 1110 and rail assemblies 1128 are configured such that all of the mounting brackets 1134 are aligned longitudinally in the direction of central longitudinal axis 1107. As such, scrubbing wiper assembly can be received within brackets 1134 so as to be slidable along central longitudinal axis 1107.

[00257] Scrubbing wiper assembly 1104 comprises a slider element 1140 extending longitudinally between a first end 1142 and a second end 1144. As shown in Figure 46, slider element 1140 has a top portion 1146 that is sized to be slidably received within passageway 1138 of all of the mounting brackets 1134. To facilitate ease of insertion, top portion 1146 has a cross sectional shape that is slightly smaller than passageway 1138.

[00258] Slider element 1140 further comprises a bottom portion 1148 with a connecting portion 1150 extending between top portion 1146 and bottom portion 1148. Connecting portion 1150 is narrower in width than top and bottom portions 1146 and 1148 so as to form a pair of channels 1152 and 1154 on either side of scrubbing wiper assembly 1104. Channels 1152 and 1154 are formed such that slider element 1140 can be slidingly received within passageways 1138 of mounting brackets 1134. In the depicted embodiment, slider element 1140 has a generally "I" shaped cross section; however any shape that allows slider element 1140 to be slidingly mounted within brackets 1134 can be used. A stop can be used at one or both ends of top portion 1146 or support structure 1102 to retain slider element within mounting brackets 1134.

[00259] One or more scrubber elements and/or wiper blades can extend from bottom portion 1140 of slider element 1140. For example, in the depicted embodiment, a single scrubber element 1160 is coupled to bottom portion 1140 of slider element 1140. Scrubber element 1160 is coupled to slider element 1140 in such a manner that scrubber element 1160 will reciprocally move with slider element 1140 to thereby scrub the glass as windshield wiper 1100 moves over the windshield. Such a coupling can be accomplished via attachment mechanism, adhesive, press-fit connection, or any other means of coupling known in the art. If a removable attachment is desired, a means for removably attaching scrubber element 1160 to slider element 1140 can be used. For example, a hook and loop fastener, such as, e.g., a VELCRO type of fastener, as is known in the art can be used. Alternatively, scrubber element 1160 can be integrally formed with slider element 1140.

[00260] Scrubber element 1160 can comprise any material that can scrub a windshield without scratching the glass. By way of example and not limitation, scrubber element 1160 can comprise: a material that is softer than tempered glass according to the Rockwell Hardness Index, a foam pad, a chamois, a cloth, bristles, a high density foam, a silicon rubber compound, and a polycarbonate plastic. Other materials can also be used. In addition, mesh netting can be used to cover the scrubbing surfaces of scrubber element 1160, if desired. Furthermore, scrubber element 1160 can be comprised of a material that partially absorbs the washer fluid so that scrubber element 1160 can moisten the windshield as it passes over the windshield.

[00261] As discussed below, scrubbing wiper assemblies that include both scrubber elements and wiper blades can also be used.

[00262] The means for reciprocating the scrubbing wiper assembly along the central longitudinal axis can comprise any type of device that can accomplish such reciprocation. In the depicted embodiment, the means for reciprocating incorporates a motor 1170 mounted to support structure 1102 and engaged with scrubbing wiper assembly 1104 so as to reciprocally move scrubbing wiper assembly 1104 along central longitudinal axis 1107. In one embodiment, motor 1170 is similar to motor 144 discussed above.

[00263] Motor 1170 can comprise a standard dc type electrical motor as is known in the art that is mounted to scrubber support structure 1140. Various rpms and gear ratios can be used, as desired. In the depicted embodiment, motor 1170 is positioned within compartment 1122 of tram 1110. Motor 1170 can be mounted to support structure 1102 by mounting screw, fastener, or other permanent or removable mounting means known in the art. Alternatively, compartment 1122 can be shaped so as to support motor 1170 without the need for additional mounting means. Motor 1170 has a shaft 1172 extending therefrom that rotates about a rotational axis 1174 when motor 1170 is energized. Motor 1170 is configured to be energized by the automobile battery or a portable power source, such as a battery pack.

[00264] To convert the rotary action of shaft 1172 to a linear motion used to reciprocally move scrubbing wiper assembly 1104 along central longitudinal axis 1107, a linkage can be used. For example, in the depicted embodiment the linkage comprises a cam 1176 and a converter 1178, similar in function to the linkage discussed above with respect to Figures 15A-15D. Cam 1176 is secured to or integrally formed with shaft 1172 so as to rotate therewith. Cam 1176 includes a pin 1180 positioned so as to be offset from rotational axis 1174 when cam 1176 rotates. Due to its offset from rotational axis 1174, pin 1180 travels in a circle around rotational axis 1174 as shaft 1172 is rotated, as shown in Figures 49A- 49D.

[00265] Converter 1178 comprises a base 1182 configured to couple with scrubbing wiper assembly 1104. As such, base 1182 can incorporate any shape and size that allows such coupling. In the depicted embodiment, base 1182 is shaped to couple with top portion 1146 of slider element 1140. Base 1182 can be permanently or removably secured to scrubbing wiper assembly 1104. The securing can be accomplished via adhesive, fasteners, press-fit connection, or any other type of attachment mechanism known in the art. In one embodiment, converter 1178 is formed with slider element 1 140 so as to be integrally formed therewith. Alternatively, base 1182 can be removably attached to slider element 1140 using a hook and loop fastener, or any other type of removable attachment known in the art.

[00266] In one embodiment, base 1182 can be flexibly attached to slider element 1140. For example, base 1182 can include a material that flexes, or can include a hinge. A flexible attachment can be beneficial when using a scrubbing wiper assembly that cants, as discussed in more detail below.

[00267] A tab 1184 extends upward from base 1182. As shown in Figure 37, tab 1184 is laterally offset from base 1182 and a connecting portion 1186 extends between base 1182 to and tab 1184. Tab 1184 includes an elongated aperture 1188 extending in a direction orthogonal to central longitudinal axis 1107. The length of aperture 1188 (defined as the distance between the ends of aperture 1188 in the direction orthogonal to central longitudinal axis 1107) is substantially greater than the width of aperture 1188.

[00268] Converter 1178 is positioned on scrubbing wiper assembly 1104 so that when scrubbing wiper assembly 1104 is positioned within mounting brackets 1134, pin 1180 of cam 1176 is received within aperture 1188. Cam 1176 and converter 1178 combine to convert the rotational action of shaft 1172 into reciprocating motion that causes scrubbing wiper assembly 1104 to reciprocally move along central longitudinal axis 1107 thereof as hereafter described with reference to Figures 49A-49D.

[00269] As described above, and similar to the action discussed above with respect to Figures 15A-15D, as shaft 1172 rotates, pin 1180 moves in a circle. As shown in Figures 49A-49D, this causes pin 1180 to move back and forth between the ends of aperture 1188 while tab 1184 moves laterally back and forth along longitudinal axis 1107. More specifically, as pin 1180 moves in a circle (as denoted by arrows 1190) from a left-most position shown in Figure 49A, converter 1178 linearly moves in one direction (denoted by arrows 1192) due to the positioning of pin 1180 within aperture 1188. This continues until pin 1180 comes to a right-most position in its path, shown in Figure 49C. As pin 1180 continues in the circle, converter 1178 then linearly moves in the opposite linear direction (denoted by arrow 1194) again due to the positioning of pin 1180 within aperture 1188. This continues until pin 1180 comes to the left-most position in its path, shown in Figure 49A, after which the cycle repeats. Because converter 1178 is attached to scrubbing wiper assembly 1104, scrubbing wiper assembly 1104 also linearly moves with converter 1178.

[00270] Although shaft 1172 is discussed above as rotating in a counterclockwise direction, it is appreciated that shaft 1172 can alternatively rotate in a clockwise direction, which will also result in scrubbing wiper assembly 1104 reciprocally moving along central longitudinal axis 1107.

[00271] Figures 50 and 51 depict another embodiment of a windshield wiper 1200 incorporating features of the present invention. Windshield wiper 1200 is similar to windshield wiper 1100 and comprises a support structure 1102 having a scrubbing wiper assembly 1204 slidably attached thereto and a means 1106 for reciprocating the scrubbing wiper assembly along central longitudinal axis 1107. As shown in Figure 51, similar to scrubbing wiper assembly 1104, scrubbing wiper assembly 1204 comprises a slider element 1210 that is configured to be received within passageways 1138 of mounting brackets 1134.

[00272] As such, slider element 1210 also includes top portion 1146 and connecting portion 1150, as shown in Figure 52. Slider element 1210 further includes a bottom portion 1212 extending from connecting portion 1150 to a bottom surface 1214. Unlike bottom portion 1148, bottom portion 1212 is designed to allow a plurality of scrubber elements/wiper blades to extend therefrom. To facilitate this, bottom portion 1212 includes a plurality of apertures 1216 and 1218 (1218a, 1218b) that extend longitudinally along bottom portion 1212. Apertures 1216, 1218a, and 1218b extend upward into bottom portion 1212 from bottom surface 1214.

[00273] As shown in Figure 52, aperture 1216 is bounded by opposing side surfaces 1220, 1222 that extend upward from a mouth 1224 to an end surface 1226. Before reaching end surface 1226, each side surface 1220, 1220 extends outward, away from each other to form upward facing ledges 1228, 1230, before again extending upward to end surface 1226. As such, aperture 1216 comprises two portions 1232 and 1234 as it extends upward toward end surface 1226 from mouth 1224. Portion 1234 is wider than portion 1232. Aperture 1214 is configured to receive a standard wiper blade, as discussed below.

[00274] Apertures 1218 are also bounded by opposing side surfaces 1236 and 1238 that extend upward from a mouth 1240 to an end surface 1242. Apertures 1218 are configured to receive scrubber elements. In the depicted embodiment, bottom portion 1212 is configured such that aperture 1216 is positioned laterally between apertures 1218a and 1218b so that a wiper blade will be likewise positioned between scrubber elements. As shown in Figure 53, apertures 1216 and 1218 extend longitudinally between both ends of slider element 1210.

[00275] Apertures 1216 and 1218 allow wiper blades and scrubber elements to be coupled to slider element 1140 at the same time. For example, as shown in Figure 54, a standard wiper blade 1250 and a pair of scrubber elements 1252 (1252a, 1252b) can be coupled to slider element 1140.

[00276] Wiper blade 1250 extends upward from a contact surface 1254 to a top end 1256. Contact surface 1254 is designed to contact the windshield 1270. A mounting portion 1258 is positioned at top end 1256 that is shaped to be received within standard mounting brackets. Aperture 1216 is cross-sectionally shaped like a mounting bracket such that mounting portion 1258 can be easily inserted into aperture 1216. To retain mounting portion 1258 within aperture 1216, a stop (not shown) can be positioned at one or both ends of aperture 1216, similar to those used in standard windshield wipers to retain wiper blades therein.

[00277] Scrubber elements 1252 each extend upward from a contact surface 1260 to a top end 1262. Top end 1262 can be secured within apertures 1218 by adhesive, fastener, press-fit connection, or other securing method known in the art. As shown in the depicted embodiment, when wiper blade 1250 and scrubber elements 1252 are secured within apertures 1216 and 1218, wiper blade 1250 is laterally positioned between scrubber elements 1252a and 1252b. Scrubber elements 1252 can comprise any of the material discussed above.

[00278] The lengths of scrubber elements 1252 are chosen such that scrubber elements 1252 can selectively contact the windshield at particular times during use, as discussed in more detail below. When windshield wiper 1200 is at rest, as in Figure 54, only wiper blade 1250 contacts windshield 1270. As such, when wiper blade 1250 and scrubber elements 1252 are secured within apertures 1216 and 1218, wiper blade 1250 extends further downward from slider element 1240 than do scrubber elements 1252a and 1252b. As a result, when contact surface 1254 of wiper blade 1250 contacts windshield 1270, contact surfaces 1260 of scrubber elements 1252 do not. [00279] During use, however, scrubber elements 1252a and 1252b alternate in contacting the windshield, depending on the direction of lateral motion 1274 of the windshield wiper across the windshield, as shown in Figures 55 and 56. This is in part caused by the movement of slider element 1210 within mounting brackets 1134.

[00280] As discussed above with respect to Figure 48, when a windshield wiper is in use, the wiper moves back and forth across the windshield in a lateral direction 1274 that is generally orthogonal to the central longitudinal axis 1107. As the windshield wiper laterally moves, a small frictional force occurs due to the contact of wiper blade with the windshield. This force opposes the direction of travel. Embodiments of the present invention take advantage of this frictional force.

[00281] For example, as shown in Figure 55, when windshield wiper 1200 is traveling in lateral direction 1274, the frictional force, denoted by small arrow 1280, pushes against wiper blade 1250. This causes slider element 1210 to laterally tilt or cant away from the direction of travel within mounting brackets 1134. The cant is facilitated by the slight difference in size between passageway 1138 and top portion 1146 of slider element 1210. The cant angle can vary between about 5 degrees to about 30 degrees, with about 15 degrees to about 20 degrees being common. Other values are also possible.

[00282] Because of the cant of slider element 1210 away from the direction of travel 1274, the side 1282 of slider element 1210 closest to the direction of travel (the "front" side) dips downward toward windshield 1270 while the opposite side 1284 (the "back" side) of slider element 1210 moves upward away from windshield 1270. Because front side 1282 is now closer to windshield 1270, scrubber element 1252b positioned at front side 1282 now contacts windshield 1270 concurrently with wiper blade 1250. Because back side 1284 is now further away from windshield 1270, scrubber element 1252a remains above windshield 1270 so as not to contact it. As a result, scrubber element 1252b can now scrub windshield 1270 as scrubbing wiper assembly 1204 reciprocates. In the lateral direction of travel 1274, wiper blade 1250 follows scrubber element 1252b across windshield 1270. Because of this, wiper blade 1250 can immediately squeegee anything scrubbed loose by scrubber element 1252b. This can be especially effective for a wet scrubber element, as wiper blade 1250 can immediately remove any fluid used by the scrubber element so that no fluid remains on windshield 1270 that could potentially impair a driver's vision. [00283] As shown in Figure 56, when the windshield wiper moves in the opposite lateral direction 1274', a similar canting occurs, just in the opposite direction. That is, when windshield wiper 1200 is traveling in lateral direction 1274', the frictional force, 1280' pushes against wiper blade 1250, causing slider element 1210 to laterally tilt or cant away from the direction of travel within mounting brackets 1134. As a result, side 1284 of slider element 1210 becomes the "front" side that dips downward toward windshield 1270 and side 1282 becomes the "back" side that moves upward away from windshield 1270. As a result, the other scrubber element 1252a now contacts windshield 1270 concurrently with wiper blade 1250 while scrubber element 1252b does not. Because of this, scrubber element 1252a can now scrub the windshield as scrubbing wiper assembly 1204 reciprocates. Because the lateral direction of travel 1274' is now opposite to that shown in Figure 55, wiper blade 1250 now follows scrubber element 1252a across windshield 1270. As a result, wiper blade 1250 can now immediately squeegee anything scrubbed loose by scrubber element 1252a.

[00284] Thus, regardless of the lateral direction of travel of the windshield wiper, the wiper blade automatically follows the particular scrubber element that is contacting and scrubbing the windshield. This is beneficial as any fluid used by the scrubber element, as well as anything scrubbed loose by the scrubber element, are immediately removed by the squeegee action of the wiper blade.

[00285] Because converter 1178 is secured to slider element 1210, detrimental lateral and rotational forces can be caused to occur to cam 1176 and motor 1170. As a result, any of those components may prematurely fail. To alleviate this, a converter having a flexible or hinged base can be used. For example, Figure 57 shows an embodiment of a converter 1290 that incorporates a hinged connection between the base and the tab.

[00286] Similar to converter 1178, converter 1290 has a base 1292 configured to couple with a scrubbing wiper assembly and a tab 1294 configured to couple with pin 1180 of cam 1176, with a connecting portion 1296 extending between the base and the tab. However, instead of being rigidly connected to each other, connecting portion 1296 and base 1292 are hingedly connected. To accomplish this, connecting portion 1296 includes a pair of cylindrical flanges 1298 (1298a, 1298b) that are received in a pair of c-shaped channels 1300 (1300a, 1300b) in base 1292. The channels 1300a and 1300b are aligned so that when flanges 1298 are positioned within the channels, base 1292, which is rigidly secured to slider element 1210, can rotate about flanges 1298 when slider element 1210 cants within mounting brackets 1134, as depicted in Figures 58A and 58B.

[00287] Figures 59-61 depict another embodiment of a scrubbing wiper assembly 1304 incorporating features of the present invention. As shown in Figure 59, similar to scrubbing wiper assemblies 1104 and 1204, scrubbing wiper assembly 1304 comprises a slider element 1306 configured to be received within passageways 1138 of mounting brackets 1134 (see Figure 60).

[00288] As such, slider element 1306 also includes top portion 1146 and connecting portion 1150. Slider element 1306 further includes a bottom portion 1308 extending from connecting portion 1150 to a bottom surface 1310. Bottom portion 1308 is similar to bottom portion 1212, except bottom portion 1308 is designed to allow a single wiper blade to extend therefrom but no scrubber elements. As a result, bottom portion 1308 includes a similar aperture 1216 as bottom portion 1212, but does not include the other apertures. Aperture 1216 extends upward into bottom portion 1308 from bottom surface 1310. Slider element 1306 can be comprised of any of the materials discussed herein. In one embodiment, slider element 1306 is made of a polyoxymethylene or acetal homopolymer material, such as, e.g., Delrin®, manufactured by Dupont having headquarters in Wilmington Delaware.

[00289] A scrubbing wiper blade 1312 extends upward from a bottom end 1314 to a top end 1316. Scrubbing wiper blade 1312 can be comprised of rubber, a rubber combination, or other wiper blade materials known in the art. A mounting portion 1318 is positioned at top end 1316 and is shaped to be received within aperture 1216. To retain mounting portion 1318 within aperture 1216, a stop (not shown) can be positioned at one or both ends of aperture 1216, similar to those used in standard windshield wipers to retain wiper blades therein. Alternatively, mounting portion 1318 can be secured within aperture 1216, such as by adhesive, fastener, press-fit connection, or other securing method known in the art. In one embodiment, scrubbing wiper blade 1312 and slider element 1306 can be co- extruded so as to be rigidly secured together.

[00290] Scrubbing wiper blade 1312 also includes a contact portion 1320 positioned at bottom end 1314. Contact portion 1320 includes a blade 1321 having opposing sides 1322 and 1324 that extend upward from a contact surface 1326 designed to contact the windshield 1270. A scrubber element 1328 is secured to blade 1321 on one of the two sides 1322, 1324. In the depicted embodiment, scrubber element 1328 is positioned on side 1322, although it should be appreciated that scrubber element 1328 can alternatively be positioned on side 1324. Scrubber element 1328 can comprise any of the scrubber elements discussed herein. In one embodiment, scrubber element 1328 comprises a plurality of fibers 1330 extending laterally outward from side 1322. Fibers 1330 can be flexible and comprised of nylon, polyester, or the like. Other materials are also possible.

[00291] In one embodiment, fibers 1330 are spaced alongside 1322, as in the depicted embodiment. Fibers 1330 can be secured to blade 1321 in any desired manner. In one embodiment, fibers 1330 are secured to a backing, which is then secured to blade 1321, e.g, by adhesive, fastener, or the like. In one embodiment, each fiber 1330 is individually secured to blade 1321. In one embodiment, fibers 1330 are secured to blade 1321 during an extrusion process. For example, fibers 1330 can be secured to blade 1321 when scrubbing wiper blade 1312 and slider element 1306 are co-extruded, as discussed below.

[00292] The lengths of fibers 1330 are chosen so that fibers 1330 can selectively contact the windshield at particular times during use. In one embodiment, when the windshield wiper is at rest, as in Figure 59, the lengths of fibers 1330 are such that only contact surface 1326 of wiper blade 1312 contacts windshield 1270.

[00293] During use, however, scrubbing wiper assembly 1304 is designed such that fibers 1330 selectively contact the windshield depending on the direction of lateral motion of the windshield wiper across the windshield, as shown in Figures 60 and 61. In particular, fibers 1330 are positioned to contact the windshield only when the windshield wiper moves in one direction.

[00294] For example, as shown in Figures 60 and 61, when the windshield wiper is traveling across the windshield, the windshield wiper is caused to laterally cant away from the direction of travel. This causes each side 1322, 1324 to alternatively move closer to or farther away from the windshield, depending on the direction of travel. When moving in direction 1332, side 1322 becomes closer to the windshield, causing fibers 1330 to contact the windshield. When moving in direction 1334, side 1322 moves away from the windshield so that fibers 1330 do not contact the windshield. As a result, scrubbing wiper blade 1312 can scrub the windshield (via fibers 1330) when moving in one direction (1332), and wipe the residue off when moving in the other direction (1334). And because of the reciprocating motion of the scrubbing wiper assembly, the cleaning action of the fibers can be intensified. [00295] Figures 62-64 depict another embodiment of a scrubbing wiper assembly 1354 incorporating features of the present invention. Scrubbing wiper assembly 1354 is similar to scrubbing wiper assembly 1304 except scrubbing wiper assembly 1354 has scrubber elements on both sides of the blade. As such, scrubbing wiper assembly 1354 also includes slider element 1306 having aperture 1216 extending upward thereinto.

[00296] Similar to scrubbing wiper assembly 1304, scrubbing wiper assembly 1354 also includes a scrubbing wiper blade 1356 received within aperture 1216. Scrubbing wiper blade 1356 can be secured within aperture 1216 in similar manners discussed above with respect to scrubbing wiper blade 1312. In the depicted embodiment, scrubbing wiper blade 1356 and slider element 1306 have been co-extruded so as to be rigidly secured together.

[00297] Similar to scrubbing wiper blade 1312, scrubbing wiper blade 1356 also includes a contact portion 1358 with a blade 1360 having opposing sides 1362 and 1364 extending upward from a contact surface 1366. A scrubber element 1368a, similar to scrubber element 1328, is secured to side 1362 of blade 1360. However, unlike scrubbing wiper assembly 1304, a second scrubber element 1368b, similar to scrubber element 1368a, is secured to the other side 1364 of blade 1360. Scrubber elements 1368 can comprise any of the scrubber elements discussed herein. In one embodiment, scrubber elements 1368 each comprise a plurality of fibers 1370, similar to fibers 1330, extending laterally outward from sides 1362 (fibers 1370a) and 1364 (fibers 1370b). Fibers 1370 can be secured to blade 1360 in any manner known in the art, including those manners discussed above. In one embodiment, fibers 1370 are secured to blade 1360 during a co- extrusion process between scrubbing wiper blade 1356 and slider element 1308, as discussed above with respect to fibers 1330.

[00298] Similar to scrubbing wiper assembly 1304, scrubbing wiper assembly 1354 is designed such that fibers 1370 selectively contact the windshield depending on the direction of lateral motion of the windshield wiper across the windshield, as shown in Figures 63 and 64. Similar to scrubbing wiper assembly 1304, fibers 1370 are positioned to contact the windshield 1270 only when the windshield wiper is moving in one direction. However, because fibers 1370 are positioned on both sides of blade 1360, a first portion (1370a) of fibers 1370 contacts the windshield when the windshield wiper moves in one direction, and a second portion (1370b) of fibers 1370 contacts the windshield when the windshield wiper moves in the other direction, as shown in Figures 63 and 64. This means that the scrubbing wiper blade 1356 can scrub the windshield twice as fast as scrubbing wiper blade 1312.

[00299] During testing it was determined that the wiper blade was able to wipe the scrubbed residue off the window even when the fibers were positioned on both sides of the blade. This appears to be because the contact surface always follows the fibers contacting the windshield.

[00300] Using fibers as the scrubber element on the wiper blade yields some surprising advantages. For example, the fibers retain a tremendous amount of fluid, which help to moisten the window during scrubbing. During testing, it was found that the fibers retained approximately 33 ml of fluid after the washer nozzles had quit running. This retained fluid was redistributed back onto the windshield during subsequent use of the wiper. As a result, a much smaller amount of windshield washer fluid is needed to moisten the windshield for cleaning. As windshield washer fluid is toxic, this is a tremendous advantage.

[00301] Figures 65-67 depict another embodiment of a scrubbing wiper assembly 1404 incorporating features of the present invention. As shown in Figure 65, similar to the other scrubbing wiper assemblies discussed herein, scrubbing wiper assembly 1404 comprises a slider element 1406 configured to be received within passageways 1138 of mounting brackets 1134 (see Figure 66).

[00302] As such, slider element 1406 also includes top portion 1146 and connecting portion 1150. Similar to slider element 1306, slider element 1406 is designed for a single wiper blade to extend therefrom. As such, slider element 1406 also includes a bottom portion 1408 extending from connecting portion 1150 to a bottom surface 1410. Similar to bottom portion 1308, bottom portion 1408 includes an aperture 1410 extending upward into bottom portion 1408 from bottom surface 1410 to receive a wiper blade. In the depicted embodiment, aperture 1410 is smaller than aperture 1216 of the previously described embodiments to make it easier to coextrude the wiper blade with the slider element. As a result, the distance between connecting portion 1150 and bottom surface 1410 can be shorter than the previously described embodiments. However, aperture 1410 and bottom portion 1408 can be any desired size, and the wiper blade and slider element are not required to be coextruded. Slider element 1406 can be comprised of any of the materials discussed herein. [00303] Scrubbing wiper assembly 1354 also includes a scrubbing wiper blade 1414 configured to be affixed to slider element 1406. Scrubbing wiper blade 1414 is similar in many aspects to scrubbing wiper blades 1312 and 1356. For example, scrubbing wiper blade 1414 also includes a mounting portion 1420 shaped to be received within aperture 1412, and a contact portion 1422 configured to contact the windshield. In the depicted embodiment, mounting portion 1420 is secured within aperture 1412 by adhesive, fastener, press-fit connection, or other securing method known in the art. In one embodiment, scrubbing wiper blade 1414 and slider element 1406 can be co-extruded so as to be rigidly secured together, as discussed below.

[00304] Similar to blade 1321, blade 1414 has opposing sides 1426 and 1428 that extend upward from a bottom surface 1430. But unlike contact portion 1320 of scrubbing wiper blade 1312, no scrubber element is secured to either side 1426 or 1428 of blade 1414. Instead, sides 1426 and 1428 themselves scrub and clean the windshield. To do this, sides 1426 and 1428 selectively contact the windshield as they are reciprocated by reciprocating motor 1170. To aid in this, scrubbing wiper blade 1414 includes a connecting portion 1432 that extends between mounting portion 1420 and contact portion 1422. Connecting portion 1432 has a length sufficient to cause contact portion 1422 to be positioned away from bottom surface 1410 of bottom portion 1408 of slider element 1406. That is, when mounting portion 1420 is secured within aperture 1412, connecting portion 1432 causes a gap to exist between bottom surface 1410 and contact portion 1422. Connecting portion is thin so as to be flexible. As such, connecting portion 1432 acts like a hinge for contact portion 1422, selectively allowing each side 1426, 1428 of blade 1414 to contact and scrub the windshield.

[00305] For example, as shown in Figures 66 and 67, when the windshield wiper is traveling across the windshield, the windshield wiper is caused to laterally cant away from the direction of travel due to lateral movement of slider element 1406 within mounting brackets 1134, similar to previously discussed embodiments. The hinging action of connecting portion 1432 causes blade 1414 to further rotate away from the direction of travel so that each side 1426 and 1428 of blade 1414, alternatively contact the windshield, depending on the direction of travel. That is, when moving in direction 1434, blade 1414 rotates in one direction so that side 1426 contacts the windshield. When moving in the direction 1436, blade 1414 rotates in the opposite direction so that side 1428 contacts the windshield. As a result, scrubbing wiper blade 1414 can scrub the windshield (via sides 1426 and 1428) and remove the residue simply using the wiper blade itself.

[00306] If even more scrubbing power is desired, scrubbing wiper assembly 1404 can include one or more scrubber elements on one or both sides of the blade, if desired. For example, fibers can be added to blade 1414 in a similar manner to that discussed with blade 1321, above. Other scrubber elements can also be used with blade 1414, such as those depicted in Figures 68 and 69.

[00307] Figures 68 and 69 depict a scrubbing wiper blade 1504 having scrubber elements 1506 (1506a - 1506/?) positioned on a side 1508 of blade 1510. Although depicted only on a single side of blade 1510, scrubbing elements 1506 can alternatively be positioned on both sides 1508, 1509 of blade 1510. Scrubbing wiper blade 1504 is identical to scrubbing wiper blade 1414 except for the scrubber elements being positioned on the blade.

[00308] As shown in Figure 68, each scrubber element 1506 extends outward from side 1508 of blade 1510 to a front face 1518. As shown in Figure 69, front face 1518 of each scrubber element 1506 has opposing edges 1520, 1522 that extend from a bottom end 1512 to a top end 1514. Bottom end 1512 can be aligned with the bottom surface of blade 1510 or can be positioned above the bottom surface, as in the depicted embodiment. Positioning the bottom end 1512 of front face 1518 above the bottom surface of blade 1510 can allow the bottom surface of blade 1510 to contact the windshield during use to clear the water with each pass. Scrubber elements 1506 are separated from each other so that a channel 1516 is formed between each adjacent scrubber element 1506.

[00309] As shown in Figure 68, front face 1518 can extend from side 1508 in a substantially orthogonally manner or at an angle at bottom and/or top ends 1512, 1514. For example, in the depicted embodiment front face 1518 extends substantially orthogonally from side 1508 of blade 1510 at top end 1514, while extending at an angle at bottom end 1512. The angle of front face 1518 at bottom end 1512 can further allow the bottom surface of blade 1510 to contact the windshield during use to clear the water with each pass.

[00310] Scrubber elements 1506 can be secured to or integrally formed with blade 1510. For example, scrubber elements 1506 can be secured to blade 1510 using adhesive or a fastener, or can be embossed or otherwise formed with blade 1510. [00311] During use, each side 1508 and 1509 of blade 1510, alternatively contact the windshield, in a similar manner to that described above with respect to sides 1426 and 1428 of blade 1414. When side 1508 contacts the windshield, however, scrubber elements 1506 contact the windshield as a result of their extension from side 1508. As blade 1414 is reciprocated in the direction of arrow 1524, edges 1520 and 1522 of each scrubber element 1506 alternately become the "leading edge" of the scrubber element due to the reciprocating motion. This causes edges 1520 and 1522 to provide more scrubbing power. As noted above, to allow the bottom surface of blade 1510 to clear the water with each pass over the windshield, the bottom end 1512 of front face 1518 can be positioned above the bottom surface of blade 1510 and/or can extend from side 1508 of blade 1510 at an acute angle.

[00312] As discussed above, the windshield wipers disclosed herein provide better visibility to a vehicle operator by removing more material, e.g, chitlin, grease, ice, etc, from the windshield than traditional wipers. Due to the unique design, many of the inventive windshield wipers provide better visibility in other ways as well. For example, many of the wipers prevent scratching of the glass that can occur with traditional wipers. And in many embodiments, the wiper blades can even polish the glass over an extended period of time to remove pits and scratches and other aberrations.

[00313] As discussed above, the traditional wiper blade is designed to act as a squeegee. Thus, as the wiper blade makes a pass across the windshield, the blade removes the liquid from the windshield and light debris with it. As a result, each time the wiper blade passes laterally over the windshield, all liquid is removed. This may be effective during a downpour in which the removed liquid is continuously being replaced on the windshield by rain. But the squeegee effect can also lead to problems.

[00314] Washer fluid is used as a solvent to help moisten the windshield and thereby loosen material stuck on the windshield when there is no rain. Washer fluid can also be used as a lubricant. But traditional wipers prevent washer fluid from being used adequately as a lubricant, especially due to the squeegee effect.

[00315] During a windshield cleaning, washer fluid is sprayed on the windshield. Because of the squeegee effect, the traditional wiper blade removes all, or nearly all, of the washer fluid during a first pass across the windshield. That is, the blade removes the fluid during one direction of the arc so that very little, if any, fluid remains when the blade moves back in the other direction. As a result, the washer fluid is on the windshield for only a single pass of the wiper, which generally lasts about 0.75 seconds. During the rest of the cleaning cycle, the blade scrapes against the windshield. Thus, the washer fluid can act as a lubricant at most only when the blade moves in one direction - i.e., only half the time. But even then, the fluid is not adequately used as a lubricant; it generally stays on top of the wiper blade due to the squeegee action. As such, little, if any, washer fluid gets between the blade and the windshield to provide lubrication therebetween.

[00316] The positioning of traditional wipers on a windshield makes it easy for contaminants to become trapped underneath the wiper blades. In the parked position (i.e., not actuated), the wiper typically extends horizontally across the bottom of the windshield. As such, the wiper blade is a natural collector of items that fall down the windshield. When an item, e.g., a contaminant, hits the windshield, the force of gravity naturally causes the item to slide down the windshield until it rests on the blade. The item typically remains on the blade until the wiper is actuated.

[00317] As discussed above, when a wiper is actuated, it moves laterally back and forth across the windshield, typically within an arc. A constant amount of pressure is applied, typically to the center of the wiper blade, to cause the entire length of the blade to make contact with the windshield during the entire wiper cycle. This pressure causes the blade to flex backward as it moves, which causes the squeegee effect in the conventional wiper. But because of the backward flex, items that have collected on the conventional blade become trapped between the blade and the windshield as the wiper moves through its arc. And because of the squeegee effect there is no fluid to remove the trapped items. If the trapped items are hard enough, the can scratch the windshield. For example, gritty materials, such as sand, ashes, and the like, often scratch windshields in just such a manner.

[00318] The unique design and performance of many of the inventive wipers discussed herein, however, solve this lubrication problem. The inventive wipers use the washer fluid as both a solvent and a lubricant to clean the windshield while preventing scratches and other aberrations from occurring.

[00319] For ease of discussion, lubrication and polishing will be discussed with reference to scrubbing wiper assembly 1404 of Figures 65-67. It should be appreciated that many, if not all, of the scrubbing wiper assemblies discussed or envisioned herein can be used instead. [00320] When the windshield wash cycle begins, the slider element of the wiper begins reciprocating longitudinally, moving back and forth within the mounting brackets. During testing of embodiments of the wiper blade, the washer fluid surprisingly remained on the windshield for the duration of the reciprocation, even when only a small amount of fluid was used and the reciprocation cycle was long.

[00321] It was discovered after further testing that the reciprocation motion causes a small linear torque to be imparted to the slider element which causes the reciprocating slider element to ripple along its length. Turning to Figure 70, as slider element 1406 moves laterally across the windshield, as depicted by arrow 1434, the ripple is occurs in both an up-and-down direction, as depicted by arrow 2000 (i.e., generally orthogonal to windshield 1270), and a side-to-side direction, as depicted by arrow 2001 (i.e., generally parallel to windshield 1270). Because it is attached to slider element 1406, the rippling motion also occurs in wiper blade 1414.

[00322] Due to the rippling effect, the washer fluid 2002 passes both under and along the entire length of blade 1414. This provides a number of benefits. Because it passes under the blade, the fluid forms a thin lubricating layer 2002 between the blade and the windshield. This semi-isolates the blade from the windshield to provide a smooth movement of the blade across the windshield. In addition, the fluid can remove material, e.g., grit, that has become trapped between the blade and the windshield. This prevents the material from being dragged across - and thereby scratching - the windshield.

[00323] Because the rippling effect is caused by the reciprocation of the scrubbing wiper assembly, the rippling of the blade continues during the entire cleaning cycle, allowing the washer fluid to continue moving both under and along the blade so that the lubricating layer remains on the windshield. In this manner, the washer fluid can act as both a solvent and a lubricant during the cleaning cycle. Furthermore, as noted above, the washer fluid can remain on the windshield for the entire cleaning cycle so that less washer fluid is required. This is a vast improvement over conventional blades, which must replace the fluid often due to the squeegee effect; the fluid is removed from the windshield in less than a second using conventional blades, as noted above.

[00324] Standard automotive washer fluid contains approximately 33% alcohol and 60% water, with the remainder being colored dye. Because the fluid remains on the windshield for the entire cleaning cycle, the alcohol, which acts as a solvent, has more time to remove insect chitin, grease and other contaminants present on the windshield. And as discussed above, any amount of washer fluid that is saved is beneficial to the environment.

[00325] Polishing of the windshield is also possible due to this surprising result. In general there are two ways to address light scratches in glass. The easiest is to fill the scratches with an acrylic scratch remover. It is applied as a liquid and dries hard and transparent, hiding the damage by filling the scratches chemically. For deeper scratches, the glass can be buffed with a polish, such as cerium oxide, a popular powder polish with very low abrasiveness; it's widely used in jewelry and ceramics. Water is added to the fine powder to make a thick slurry paste, which is used to cover the damaged area. Firm pressure is then applied to the paste, e.g., using a drill with a hard rubber polishing wheel, to slowly grind the surface smooth. While grinding, the paste is kept moist by adding water and more polish is added as needed. The result is a smooth, scratch-free surface.

[00326] A third way is also now possible due to the inventive wipers. As discussed above, the rippling effect of the wiper blade results in the washer fluid remaining on the windshield for a much longer time than when using conventional wipers. Because of the extended time on the windshield, the washer fluid is able to trap microscopic dust particles that are ever present in the atmosphere.

[00327] As noted above, standard automotive washer fluid contains approximately 60% water. The water and trapped microscopic dust particles, coupled with minerals present in the water, combine to form an extremely fine polishing compound, similar to the cerium paste discussed above. This natural polishing compound can be used to polish the windshield and remove small scratches and pits, such as scratch 2004 depicted in Figure 71. The reciprocating motion of blade 1414 is orthogonally opposed to its prescribed arc across windshield 1270. This reciprocating motion, coupled with the rippling effect of the slider element, results in a motion very similar to the circular polishing wheel. This effect is impossible to achieve with a conventional wiper blade. Wiper blade 1414 can be rubber, similar to the circular polishing wheel.

[00328] As wiper blade 1414 passes laterally across windshield 1270, the natural polishing compound 2006 fills the scratches and small pits in the windshield, such as scratch 2004, as depicted in Figure 71. Then, every time blade 1414 passes over scratch 1270, the unique motion of the blade grinds the surface of the polishing compound within the scratch, a small amount. Over the course of many repeated passes, the small amounts of grinding add up so that the polishing compound becomes ground down to the level of the top surface of the windshield, resulting in a smooth surface and effectively polishing out the scratch.

[00329] To verify the polishing ability, a windshield was intentionally scratched to see if the inventive wiper would remove any of the scratch. As shown in Figure 72A, a fine grit sandpaper 2008 was used to put light scratches 2010 into the windshield. A windshield wiper 2012 was then positioned on the windshield, as shown in Figure 72B. The windshield wiper included a wiper blade similar to wiper blade 1414, shown in Figure 70. The windshield wiper was positioned so as to remain over the portion of the windshield that had been scratched and left in that same spot to speed up the process. The washer fluid pump was actuated to spray washer fluid onto the windshield, and reciprocation of the blade was begun. After 15 minutes, reciprocation was stopped and the wiper was removed from the windshield. As shown in Figure 72C, portions of scratches 2010 have been polished out. These portions form a line 2014 that were directly under the windshield wiper blade. As such, the wiper was responsible for polishing the polished out portions.

[00330] As a windshield ages, many small, even micro-sized, pits start developing in the windshield. By using the inventive windshield, those pits are polished out so that the windshield will stay as good as new. That is not to say that every pit or scratch will be polished out, but even polishing out a small portion of them results in a clearer view through the windshield, which makes driving safer. And a more polished windshield means that less "stuff sticks to it.

[00331] Although the combination of water and alcohol provided by washer fluid may be desirable for cleaning, the alcohol is not required for polishing; water alone can be used to lubricate the blade as it reciprocates and polishes the glass, if desired.

[00332] As discussed above, in many embodiments discussed or envisioned herein, the wiper blade and slider element can be co-extruded. This can result in a rigidly secure connection between the wiper blade and slider element. Due to the secure connection, the wiper blade is caused to reciprocate against the windshield by the reciprocating motor. That is, the reciprocating motor causes the slider element to reciprocate, as discussed above, and the wiper blade moves with the slider element due to the rigid connection therewith.

[00333] An exemplary method of co-extrusion will now be discussed that can be used to produce the wiper blade and scrubber element. Extrusion is a process of manufacturing products of constant cross-section by forcing material, such as soft polymers, rubbers, etc., through a die with an opening. Extrusion may be continuous (theoretically producing indefinitely long material) or semi-continuous (producing many pieces). The extrusion process can be done with the material hot or cold. Coextrusion is the process of pressing two or more materials through the same die to produce a single piece or multiple devices that are rigidly secure.

[00334] For ease of discussion, the method will be discussed with reference to producing scrubbing wiper assembly 1404 of Figures 65-67. It should be appreciated that many, if not all, of the scrubbing wiper assemblies discussed or envisioned herein can be produced using the same method, adapted as required.

[00335] Referring to Figure 73, material for the slider element, typically in the form of pellets, is fed into a first extruder 1450 through a first hopper 1452. The material is melted and conveyed toward a die 1454 by a first feeding screw 1456. The material is forced through a first portion of die 1454, causing the material to take the cross-sectional shape of slider element 1406 (e.g., see Figure 65). Concurrently, material for the scrubbing wiper blade is fed into a second extruder 1458 through a second hopper 1460, melted and conveyed toward die 1454 by a second feeding screw 1462, and forced through a second portion of die 1454, causing the blade material to take the cross-sectional shape of scrubbing wiper blade 1414 (e.g., see Figure 65). The first and second portions of die 1454 are positioned so that as slider element 1406 and wiper blade 1414 exit the die, mounting portion 1420 of wiper blade 1414 is positioned within aperture 1412 so as to adhere or bond to slider element 1406. This coextrusion process continues as more material is forced through die 1454, causing the slider element/wiper blade combination to continuously form and lengthen. As the formed product comes out of die 1454, it is cooled, e.g., by blown air or in a water bath 1464, and cut into desired lengths.

[00336] If an external scrubber element is used, it can also be secured to the blade during the coextrusion process, if desired. For example, fibers such as fibers 1330 or 1368 shown in Figures 59-64, can be secured to the scrubbing wiper blade after the blade exits the die by an embedder 1466, as shown in Figure 73. In one embodiment, the ends of the fibers can be pushed into the blade before the blade is cooled. Due to the heat of the scrubbing wiper blade, the fibers can become embedded within the surface of the blade so that when the scrubbing wiper blade is cooled, the fibers are secured thereto. Alternatively, the ends of the fibers can be embedded into the blade just prior to the extrusion process, when the blade is also very hot. [0Θ337] Many advantages are obtained by the single-bladed scrubbing wiper assemblies discussed herein. For example, the entire scrubbing wiper assembly, including the slider element and the scrubbing wiper blade (and fibers, if used) can be coextruded, as discussed above, thereby saving cost and assembly time. Extrusion also allows a longitudinal curve of any configuration to be imparted to the blade to ensure contact between th e windshield and the outer edge of the blade regardless of wind shield convex.

[00338] The scrubbing wiper assembly can be constructed totally of non-metalic materials, such as plastic, rubber, Delrin®, or the like, making it impervious to rust and other types of corrosion.

[0Θ339] Thus, a method of manufacturing a scrubbing wiper assembly can comprise: feeding a first material into a first extmder; conveying the first material toward a die; feeding a second material into a second extmder; conveying the second material toward the die; and forcing the first and second materials through different portions of the die so as to concurrently form a slider element and a scrubbing wiper blade, the scrubbing wiper blade being rigidly secured to the slider element to form a scrubbing wiper assembly.

[00340] Although the most obvious application of the windshield wiper and scrubber assemblies described herein is the personal automobile, other applications are also available. For example, the windshield wiper and scrubber assemblies described herein can also be used in commercial vehicles, such as trucking, construction, and farm vehicles; military and other government vehicles; aviation vehicles, such as commercial and private aircraft and support vehicles; trains; boats; and any other vehicle which incorporates a wiper to clean a windshield through which an operator or passenger views. Other uses may also be possible.

[0Θ341] The invention as described herein provides many benefits to a vehicle operator. Embodiments of the windshield wiper as described herein can easily replace an existing windshield wiper on the vehicle with minimum installation effort. Little, if any, electrical wiring changes are needed and the scnibbing mechanism of the inventive wiper can be activated simply by motion of the windshield wiper. For those embodiments having separate scrubber assemblies, they can simply be added to the existing windshield wiper with minimum installation effort. The scrubbing member is easily replaceable, as are the batteries needed to operate the motor.

[00342] The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A windshield wiper comprising:

a support structure;

a scrubbing wiper assembly slidably attached to the support structure, the scrubbing wiper assembly having a central longitudinal axis extending in the elongate direction between a first end and a spaced apart second end, the scrubbing wiper assembly comprising:

a slider element; and

a scrubbing wiper blade rigidly secured to the slider element; and a motor mounted to the support structure, the motor engaged with the slider element to reciprocally move the scrubbing wiper assembly along the central longitudinal axis and to impart a linear torque to the slider element.

2. The windshield wiper recited in claim 1, wherein the windshield wiper is configured such that when used on a windshield, the torque imparted to the slider element causes the slider element to ripple.

3. The windshield wiper recited in claim 2, wherein the ripple occurs along the entire length of the slider element.

4. The windshield wiper recited in claim 1, wherein the scrubbing wiper blade is rigidly secured to the slider element and has opposing sides extending upward from a contact surface, and wherein the scrubbing wiper blade is adapted to reciprocally move in response to engagement of the motor.

5. The windshield wiper recited in claim 4, wherein during use of the windshield wiper on a windshield, the scrubbing wiper assembly is configured such that one of the sides of the scrubbing wiper blade contacts the windshield during lateral movement of the windshield wiper in one direction and the other side of the scrubbing wiper blade contacts the windshield during lateral movement of the windshield wiper in the opposite direction, the reciprocating motion of the scrubbing wiper blade causing the side of the scrubbing wiper blade contacting the windshield to scrub the windshield.

6. The windshield wiper recited in claim 4, further comprising a plurality of scrubber elements extending outward from one or both opposing sides of the scrubbing wiper blade, the scrubber elements being spaced apart along the longitudinal axis so as to form channels between adjacent scrubber elements.

7. A method of cleaning a windshield, the method comprising: moving a windshield wiper laterally across the windshield, the windshield wiper comprising a scrubbing wiper assembly slidably attached to a windshield wiper support structure, the scrubbing wiper assembly comprising a wiper blade attached to a slider element;

spraying a fluid onto the windshield; and

reciprocating the scrubbing wiper assembly as the windshield wiper moves laterally across the windshield, the reciprocation causing that the slider element and wiper blade to ripple so that the fluid passes between the wiper blade and the windshield as the wiper blade moves across the windshield.

8. The method recited in claim 7, wherein the ripple occurs along the entire length of the wiper blade

9. The method recited in claim 7, wherein the ripple occurs in directions orthogonal to and parallel to the windshield.

10. The method recited in claim 7, wherein reciprocating the scrubbing assembly causes a linear torque to be imparted to the slider element and the linear torque causes the slider element and wiper blade to ripple.

11. The method recited in claim 7, wherein the fluid forms a lubricating layer between the wiper blade and the windshield.

12. The method recited in claim 7, wherein the fluid removes materials trapped between the wiper blade and the windshield.

13. The method recited in claim 7, wherein the fluid is washer fluid.

14. The method recited in claim 7, wherein the method is part of a cleaning cycle, and wherein the fluid remains on the windshield during the duration of the cleaning cycle.

15. The method recited in claim 14, wherein the fluid acts as both a solvent and a lubricator during the cleaning cycle.

16. The method recited in claim 7, wherein the fluid remains on the windshield as the wiper blade moves laterally across the windshield so that the fluid traps dust particles from the atmosphere and forms a polishing compound, and wherein the movement of the wiper blade across the windshield causes the formed polishing compound to fill a scratch on the windshield, the method further comprising: repeatedly reciprocating the scrubbing wiper assembly and moving the windshield wiper laterally across the windshield after the formed polishing compound has filled the scratch, so as to cause the polishing compound within the scratch to be ground down each time the wiper blade passes over the scratch, until the polishing compound is ground down to the level of the top surface of the windshield.

17. A method of removing a scratch in a windshield, the method comprising: spraying a fluid onto a top surface of the windshield;

moving a windshield wiper laterally across the windshield, the windshield wiper comprising a wiper blade, the fluid remaining on the windshield as the wiper blade moves across the windshield so that the fluid traps dust particles from the atmosphere and forms a polishing compound, the movement of the wiper blade across the windshield causing the formed polishing compound to fill the scratch on the windshield; and

repeatedly moving the windshield wiper laterally across the windshield while reciprocating the wiper blade after the formed polishing compound has filled the scratch, so as to grind down the polishing compound within the scratch each time the wiper blade passes over the scratch, until the polishing compound is ground down to the level of the top surface of the windshield.

18. The method recited in claim 17, wherein reciprocating the wiper blade causes wiper blade to ripple so that the fluid passes between the wiper blade and the windshield as the wiper blade moves across the windshield.

19. The method recited in claim 17, wherein the f uid is washer f uid.

20. The method recited in claim 17, wherein the f uid is water.