WO2015138279A1

WO2015138279A1 - Multi-functional exercise machine

Info

Publication number: WO2015138279A1
Application number: PCT/US2015/019363
Authority: WO
Inventors: Joseph K. Ellis
Original assignee: Ellis Joseph K
Priority date: 2014-03-12
Filing date: 2015-03-09
Publication date: 2015-09-17

Abstract

A machine for concurrently exercising one or more of a user's muscle groups, the machine having a base having front and back ends, one or more linear slide rails, a user support and an engagement member for the user's hands or feet. The user support slides while pivoting during the exercise motion such that the location and angle of the user support is dictated by the linkage mechanism that positions and connects the user support relative to the other parts of the machine. The user support can be caused to move by the engagement member being acted upon by the user's feet only, by the user's hands only or a combination of the user's feet and hands concurrently during the exercise.

Description

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL EXERCISE MACHINE

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Technical Field. This invention relates to the general technical field of exercise, physical fitness and physical therapy equipment and machines. This invention relates more specifically to the field of exercise equipment for concurrently exercising in multiple planes of motion.

Prior Art. Exercise, physical fitness and physical therapy equipment and machines are available in various configurations and for various purposes, and are available for all of the major muscle groups. The majority of such equipment and machines, especially in the exercise field, concentrate either on an aerobic or anaerobic workout or on specific areas or muscle groups of the body such as the legs, the hips and lower torso, the chest and upper torso, the back, the shoulders and the arms. The individual operations of these machines generally concentrate on a single muscle group such as biceps, pectorals, quadriceps and so forth. Other equipment and machines are designed to aid the user in the exercise regimen, such as to aid the elderly, handicapped, and/or infirm in an appropriate exercise regimen. There are numerous examples each of these different types of exercise equipment and machines.

Generally, such equipment and machines can be categorized into three broad categories: free weights, mechanically operated single action resistance machines, and electrically operated resistance machines. Mechanically operated single action resistance machines can be subcategorized into three broad categories: stack weight resistance operated, free weight resistance operated, and alternative resistance operated. Mechanically operated single action resistance machines are available for exercising, strengthening and rehabilitating various individual muscles, muscle groups, combinations of muscle groups, joints, and other parts of the body.

This inventor previously has developed a composite motion movement machine for use in connection with exercise and physical therapy equipment. US Patent No. 6,264,588 discloses this composite motion movement machine, which combines a moving actuating member and a moving user support, the composite motion movement machine having a support member, a frame on which the user support is located, the frame being pivotably connected to the support member, a truck in slidable engagement with the support member and the frame, an actuating member being pivotably connected to the support member and operatively connected to the truck, the actuating member being adapted to move between a first position and a second position, and a linking mechanism operatively connecting said actuating member with said truck, wherein, when the user moves the actuating member between the first position and the second position, the truck moves along rails on the support member, forcing the frame to pivot relative to the support member and causing the user to actuate a resistance weight, thus exercising, strengthening or rehabilitating certain of the user's muscles. This machine can be used in connection with a variety of different resistance or assistance mechanism, such as stack weights, free weights, and alternative weight resistance devices.

US Patent No. 6,287,241 discloses this inventor's improvement on leg press exercise apparatuses by utilizing composite motion movement combined with a moving actuating member and a moving user support, the leg press having a support member, a frame on which the user support is located, the frame being pivotably connected to the support member, a truck in slidable engagement with the support member and the frame, an actuating member on which a push plate is located, the actuating member being pivotably connected to the support member and operatively connected to the truck, the actuating member being adapted to move between a first position and a second position, and a linking mechanism operatively connecting the actuating member the truck, wherein, when the user pushes the actuating member between the first position and the second position, the truck moves along rails on the support member, forcing the frame to pivot relative to the support member and causing the user to actuate a resistance weight, thus exercising certain of the user's muscles. This machine can be used in connection with a variety of different resistance or assistance mechanism, such as stack weights, free weights, and alternative weight resistance devices. US Patent Nos. 7232404, 7455633, 7585263, and 761 1446 disclose abdominal exercise machines and/or methods. US Patent No. 7651446 discloses an elliptical core cycle exercise apparatus. US Patent Nos. 7662076, 8172732, 8317665, 8162807, 7963890, 7731638, and 7594880 disclose exercise machines. US Patent No. 7867149 discloses a swiveling user support assembly. US Patent No. 7335140 discloses a triceps dip exercise machine. US Patent Publication No. 201 10028283 discloses an exercise machine. US Patent Nos. 5554086, 7220221 , and 7727128 disclose various types of leg press machines.

Current exercise machines generally only allow the user to move in one plane of motion. However, many people would prefer to exercise concurrently in multiple planes of motion. Such a machine would provide a more safe and effective workout. Moreover, exercising an upper body set of muscles concurrently with a lower body set of muscles through multiple planes of motion would be even more desirable and beneficial. Thus it can be seen that an exercise machine that allows the exercising in at least two planes of motion concurrently and optionally exercising two or more muscle groups concurrently would be useful, novel and not obvious, and a significant improvement over the prior art. It is to such a machine that the current invention is directed.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a safer and more efficient method of exercising that imitates natural human motion by moving the user through multiple planes of motion during the exercise regimen. The invention can be configured into several different embodiments for exercising different muscles or groups of muscles. All of the embodiments contain the common feature of the user support being directly and pivotally connected to a linear sliding or rolling member that allows the user support to move in a linear path while concurrently pivoting throughout the range of motion of the exercise. In some embodiments, it is beneficial to the exerciser for the user support to also rotate while sliding and pivoting thus adding a third dimension of motion to the exercise regimen. Another feature common to all embodiments of the invention is that the angle of the user support and linear location of the user support is controlled throughout the range of motion by a linkage system that is pivotally connected to at least one location on the user support and has at least one other operative connection to either the sliding member or a user engagement member or the stationary main frame of the machine or a combination thereof.

Multiple planes of motion are very beneficial for exercising to increase strength and flexibility of the major muscle groups as well as the connecting tendons and ligaments of the joints such as knees, hips, ankles, neck, elbows, and shoulders. Most everyday human physical activities involve movement of multiple joints concurrently with engagement of multiple muscle groups causing a person to go through multiple planes of motion. Therefore, multiple planes of motion exercise will better condition the body to perform the way it naturally moves. Moreover, combining upper and lower body motions into one exercise offers even more benefits as the user is able to leverage their entire body against a resistance force like they would naturally. Until the present invention, prior art exercise machines have only allowed the user to exercise one group of muscles at a time or per motion. Although some prior art machines do move the user's entire body during the exercise movement, it has been in one dimension such as a sliding only motion or a pivoting only motion. This forces the user's body to conform to a less than natural motion increasing the chance of injury and decreasing the efficiency of the exercise. Until the present invention multi-dimensional physical fitness and rehabilitation regimens have consisted of moving uncontrolled objects such as barbells, dumbbells, tires, sleds, elastic tubes, and ropes, as well as body weight movements such as jumping onto stationary platforms and hand climbing overhead ladder rungs. These are means of exercising that require advanced skill and knowledge. This type of exercising also generally requires well above average physical capabilities. The present invention controls the user's location and body angle throughout the entire range of multi-dimensional motion of the exercise movement. This allows people of ordinary skill, knowledge and physical capabilities to perform more effective exercises safely.

The multi-dimensional user support motion machine of the present invention can be configured into at least two primary modes. The first primary mode is when the user is exercising one primary set of muscles of either the upper body or the lower body. One example of this mode would be when the user's hands are engaging a stationary or movable engagement means on the machine to move the user support while the user's feet and legs are supported by the user support but are not active in moving the user support. Another example of this same mode is when the user's feet engage a stationary or movable engagement means on the machine to move the user support, and the user's hands, arms, and torso remain relatively still and supported by the user support but are not be active in moving the user support. The second primary mode is when the user's hands and upper body engage a stationary or movable engagement means on the machine and concurrently the user's feet and lower body engage a stationary or movable engagement means on the machine wherein both the user's upper body and lower body can work in unison to move the user support along the linear path of motion.

All of the embodiments of the invention allow the user to add additional resistance or assistance to the exercise. This includes free weights that can be directly loaded onto to the user support, user engagement means, or linkage mechanism. This also includes multiple resistance or assistance means that can be connected to the user support, user engagement means, or linkage mechanism, such as weight stacks, hydraulics, pneumatics, springs, elastic bands, magnetic devices, friction brakes, moment arms, and the like. The invention comprises a stationary base supporting one or more parallel linear rails. The rails support a linear sliding or rolling member. Sliding members consist of bearings or bushings or the like. The rails also can support wheels that roll on top of the rail or roll inside the rail or are a connected set of wheels that capture the rail by rolling on top and bottom. The sliding member is of sufficient size and strength to support at least an adult human user as well as any additional weight or resistance that may be added to the exercise regimen.

The invention comprises a user support that is directly pivotally attached at a first location to the sliding member. The user support can be of multiple shapes and configurations to comfortably and effectively support the user during the exercise regimen. In certain embodiments, the user support is a kneeling pad sufficient in size to support an adult human's knees, shins, and ankles. In other embodiments, the user support is a seat with a back rest. In other embodiments, the user support is a seat with no back rest. In other embodiments, the user support is a back rest with no seat. In all user support embodiments, there may be adjustments to any of the components fit the size of the user.

The user support is attached at a second location to a linkage mechanism such that during operation of the machine the linkage mechanism controls the angle of the user support and controls the location of the user support on the linear path. In certain embodiments, this linkage can be a linear slide that attaches to the user support on one end and to a user engagement means on the opposite end. In other embodiments, the linkage can be a two bar linkage that connects to the user support on one end and connects to a resistance means on the other end, and the resistance means is connected to a user engagement means. In other embodiments, the linkage mechanism is a tri-pod of three bars that connect in a common pivoting intersection on one end of each of the bars, with the opposite end of one of each bars connecting to the main frame, the traveling member, and the user support, respectively.

In all embodiments, the user's hands or feet or both engage a means attached to or connected to the main frame to move the user support during the exercise motion. In certain embodiments, the engagement means is a pivoting lever arm for actuating by the users hands. In other embodiments, the engagement means is handles attached to a flexible cable or belt. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a stationary handle or handles attached to the main frame. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a sliding handle or handles attached or linked to the main frame. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a stationary platform connected to the main frame engaged by the user's feet. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a pivoting foot pressing platform that adjusts to the angle of the user's legs during the exercise motion. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a foot pressing platform rigidly attached to the user support. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a foot pressing platform pivotally attached to the user support. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a foot pressing platform attached to a pivoting lever arm. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a foot pressing platform attached to a sliding member connected to the main frame.

One embodiment of the invention comprises a lever arm engagement means pivotally connected to a forward portion of the main frame. An "L" shaped resistance mechanism is pivotally attached to the main frame slightly above and forward of the lever arm attachment point. The resistance mechanism is pivotally attached to the frame proximal to the center section of the upper portion of the "L". The lower section of the "L" protrudes towards the front of the machine and away from the user platform. In the at rest position, the lever arm angles forward such that is in front of the resistance arm with the resistance arm being located between the lever arm and the user support. The resistance mechanism and the lever arm are slidably attached proximal to a midpoint on the lever arm and slightly above the pivoting connection point of the resistance mechanism.

The resistance mechanism also is attached to a first end of a first linkage bar at a location above the pivoting attachment point of the resistance mechanism. The first linkage is connected at a first end to the resistance mechanism and is connected at a second end to a first end of a second linkage. The second linkage is connected at a first end to the second end of the first linkage and is connected at a second end to or operatively proximal to the user platform, and preferably to a front end of the user platform. The linkage mechanism connects the resistance mechanism and lever arm to the user platform in such a manner that when the lever arm is pulled towards the user platform, the linkages are caused to move so as to move the user platform, and thus the user, towards the lever arm. In one embodiment, the second linkage is pivotably mounted to the base at a location on the base between the resistance mechanism and the user platform. The pivot point on the second lever is located between the first and second ends of the second linkage such that the second linkage acts as a first class lever. When the first linkage is caused to move or rotate in a downward direction, this forces and rotates the first end of the second linkage downwards, thus causing the second end of the second linkage to rotate upwards. As the second end of the second linkage rotates upwards, it also moves in the direction of and closer to the lever arm, thus both pulling the user platform forwards and forcing the front end of the user platform upwards. As the back end of the user platform is pivotably and slidably mounted to the base, the back end of the user platform remains attached to the base, resulting in the user platform angling upwards from back to front. When the first linkage is caused to move or rotate or pivot in an upward direction, this forces or allows and rotates or pivots the first end of the second linkage upwards, thus causing the second end of the second linkage to rotate or pivot downwards. As the second end of the second linkage rotates or pivots downwards, it also moves in the direction away from and farther from the lever arm, thus both pushing the user platform backwards and forcing the front end of the user platform downwards. As the back end of the user platform is pivotably and slidably mounted to the base, the back end of the user platform remains attached to the base, resulting in the user platform being horizontal, generally horizontal, or slightly sloped from back to front, which is considered to be the at rest or unactivated or initial or starting position.

In operation, prior to initiating the exercise regimen, the user can adjust the position of the lever arm, the position of linkage mechanism, the position of the user platform, and/or the angle of the user platform, if adjustment mechanisms are included. Also, if the invention includes an additional resistance or assistance mechanism, the user can adjust the amount of additional resistance or assistance desired for the exercise regimen. The user kneels on the user platform and grasps the lever arm, which is in the at rest or unactivated position. The user pulls on the lever arm while contracting the abdominal muscles. The pulling on the lever arm causes it to rotate towards the user support, which causes the user support to slide upward on the resistance mechanism, which causes the resistance mechanism to rotate towards the user support platform, which causes the first linkage to move or rotate or pivot in a downward direction, thus forcing and rotating or pivoting the first end of the second linkage downwards, which causes the second end of the second linkage to rotate or pivot upwards. As the second end of the second linkage rotates or pivots upwards, it also moves in the direction of and closer to the lever arm, thus both pulling the user platform forwards and forcing the front end of the user platform upwards, resulting in the user platform angling upwards from back to front. The contracting of the abdominal muscles also causes the user's hips to rotate forwards, thus also pulling the user platform forwards. The overall result is that the user concurrently performs a rowing and crunch motion in which the user's knees are pulled towards the user's head and shoulders. The user may pull the lever arm part way or all the way to the fully activated position.

After the user has pulled the lever arm part way or all the way to the fully activated position so as to have conducted the crunch motion, the user can hold the lever arm in the activated position for additional exercise of the abdominal, hips and back muscles. The user then allows the lever arm to move back towards or to the at rest position, which causes the first linkage to move or rotate or pivot in an upward direction, thus forcing or allowing and rotating or pivoting the first end of the second linkage upwards, which causes the second end of the second linkage to rotate or pivot downwards. As the second end of the second linkage rotates or pivots downwards, it also moves in the direction away from and farther from the lever arm, thus both pushing the user platform backwards and forcing the front end of the user platform downwards, resulting in the user platform moving back to the generally more horizontal than vertical starting position. Additionally, when the user pulls and pushes the lever arm, the user can contract and release arm, back, and shoulder muscles, such as the biceps, deltoids, latissumus dorsi, and/or trapezius, therefore also exercising these muscles. Further, when the user moves the user platform, the user can contract and release the hip and quadriceps, therefore also exercising these muscles. The user can repeat the pulling and pushing (releasing) action a number of times so as to complete a set of exercises. As can be seen, the present invention can exercise at least the abdominal muscles and also at least one other muscle or set of muscles, thus giving the user a more complete workout. In another embodiment of the invention, the main frame of the machine is a mostly rectangular shape with a kneeling user support movable in a linear path mounted on a proximal rearward portion of the machine, and a pivoting user engagement means mounted proximal to the opposite and forward end of the machine. The user support and the user engagement means are operatively link via a linear linkage member. The kneeling user support comprises a kneeling pad for supporting the user's knees, shins and ankles. There is a foot pressing platform attached to the rearward most portion of the user support such that the foot pressing platform is attached to the portion of the user platform end opposite the end to which the linkage mechanism is attached. The foot pressing platform is an elongated platform sufficient in width to support the user's entire foot. The foot pressing platform is attached at its longest opposite ends to the user support at a location a few inches rearward from the user support pad such that the user's feet can comfortably fit in the cavern created between the foot pressing platform and the kneeling user support pad. The foot pressing platform is mounted at approximately a 90 degree angle to the frame that supports the user kneeling pad. In this configuration, the user's feet and legs are perpendicular to the foot pressing platform when operating the machine.

The user support is pivotally attached to a linear slide at a location proximal to the foot pressing platform, but generally at the rearward section of the user support and opposite the end of the linear linkage connection. The user support also is pivotally attached at a second and forward end to a linear linkage mechanism. The user support is attached at a rearward location to the linear slide that is in a lower elevation position than the attachment to the linear linkage on the opposite and forward end of the user support, thus causing the user support to slope upwards from back to front in the at rest position. The linear slide is mounted on the main frame with the rearward portion of the linear slide being proximal to the rearward end of the main frame. The linear slide extends from the rearward portion of the main frame in a direction towards the user engagement means at a distance suitable for sufficient operation of the machine for its intended purpose. The linear slide is attached to the main frame at a sloping linear angle such that the rearward most part of the linear slide is at a higher elevation than the forward portion of the linear slide that terminates closer to the center section of the machine.

An embodiment of the user engagement means is a pivoting lever arm for engagement by the user's hands and is pivotally mounted to the main frame at a height sufficient to operatively engage the linear linkage mechanism. The engagement means comprises two elongated bars or tube members both having first and second opposite ends. The first member comprises a hand grip mounted proximal to a first end and is pivotally mounted to the main frame at an opposite second end. The second member is configured as a radius shape with a first end rigidly connected to the second end of the first member at or proximal to the pivot location of the first member. The second end of the second member is operatively engaged to the linear linkage mechanism. The engagement member is configured such that the first member is in a more vertical than horizontal orientation when the machine is in the at rest position such that the first end of the first member is above the second end of the first member and the second member extends from the second end of the first member in a diverging radius pattern such that it is forward of the first member and oriented in a more horizontal than vertical position when the machine is in the at rest position.

The linear linkage mechanism of this embodiment is an elongated member having first and second opposite ends. The first end extends towards the rearward portion of the machine and is pivotally attached to the front end of the user support and opposite the end of the user support that is connected to the sliding member. The second end of the linear linkage comprises one or more rolling or sliding devices that slidably engage and capture the second end of the arced shaped second member of the user engagement when the machine is in the at rest position. The linear linkage can be of any profile shape suitable for sliding within a capturing and sliding device such as wheels or linear bearings, bushings or the like. The linear linkage capturing and sliding device or devices are mounted to the main frame in a horizontal fashion parallel to the base frame, and are located in a central portion of the machine such that the capturing and sliding devices are located between the user support and the user engagement member. During operation of the machine, the capturing and sliding devices are located such that they do not impede the linear linkage member at any point throughout the full range of motion of the machine.

This embodiment also can include adjustment means or mechanisms so as to allow the distance between the user support and the lever arm engagement means to be increased or decreased in the at rest position to fit the user.

This embodiment can also provide a resistance means for increasing the exertion of the exercise. The resistance means can be loose weights loaded onto a member connected to the user engagement pivot rod or loaded directly onto the user support. The resistance means also can be operatively connected to the user engagement means or user support or linear linkage or a combination thereof.

Prior to the operation of this embodiment, the user can adjust the location of the hand engagement member relative to the user support to a comfortable exercise position. The user then can load or select the desired amount of weight or resistance. During operation, the user kneels on the user support pad and places their feet against the foot pressing platform, which is in the at rest position. The user then grasps the hand grip located on the first end of the user engagement means, which is in the at rest position. To begin the exercise, the user pushes the pivoting user engagement means with their hands and arms forward and away from the user support platform in a forward arcing motion while concurrently pushing the foot pressing platform connected to the user support with their feet and legs rearward and away from the user hand engagement means in a linear motion. This activates the linear linkage mechanism as the arced shaped second member of the user engagement means rotates downward acting upon the slidable capturing means connected to the second and forward end of the linear linkage causing the linear linkage to slide through the linear sliding and capturing support devices such that the linear linkage moves rearward and towards the user support. This concurrent motion causes the user support to slide rearward and away from the user hand engagement means while concurrently pivoting upward from front to back decreasing the angle of the user support as the rearward portion of the user support moves up in elevation along the upward sloped slide rail. Conversely, as the user decreases the pushing force with their hands and feet, the resistance mechanism causes the foot pressing platform and user platform to move in a forward direction towards the user hand engagement means. As the user platform slides or rolls down the sloping slide rail, the rearward portion of the user support lowers in elevation causing the user support to pivot downward from front to back, thus increasing the angle of the user support. Concurrently, the user support acts upon the linear linkage causing the linear linkage to move in a forward direction through the sliding and capturing support devices and towards the user hand engagement means thereby acting upon the slidable capturing means connected to the second and forward end of the linear linkage causing the second arced shaped member of the user hand engagement means to rotate upwards so that the user hand engagement means rotates rearward in an arcing fashion towards the user support.

The user can push the lever arm and foot pressing platform part way or all the way to the fully activated position so as to have activated a substantial amount of upper and lower body muscle groups. The user can repeat the pushing and releasing action a number of times so as to complete a set of exercises. As can be seen, the present invention can exercise many muscle groups concurrently thus giving the user a more complete workout in a shorter period of time.

In other embodiments of the invention, the user support can be a seated position with or without a back rest and the at rest or "unactivated" position can angle the user in an upright seated position or a reclined position or a forward leaning position. In some configurations of this embodiment, only the user's hands and arms are active in urging the user support along the linear slide rail while the user's legs are supported by the user support and therefore move with the user support. In other configurations of this embodiment, only the user's feet and legs are active in urging the user support along the linear slide rails while the user's hands and arms are supported by the user support and therefore move with the user support. In yet other configurations of this embodiment, both the user's hand and arms concurrently with the user's feet and legs are active in urging the user support along the linear slide rail.

The user hand engagement means utilized in any of the seated position embodiments can consist of multiple configurations that are connected to the main frame and operatively connected or linked to the user support. One such configuration is a pivoting rigid lever slidably connected to the user support. Another configuration is a pivoting rigid lever operatively linked to the user support. Another configuration is a combination of a pivoting rigid lever, a flexible material such as a cable or belt, and a pulley or pulleys operatively connected to the user support. Another configuration is a flexible material such as a cable or belt with handles connected to each end and a series of pulleys operatively connected to the user support.

The foot engagement means utilized in any of the seated position embodiments can consist of multiple configurations connected to the main frame. One configuration is a pivoting foot pressing platform or platforms with an attached set of lower leg stabilizing pads or straps. Another configuration is a stationary foot pressing platform or platforms with our without stabilizing pads or straps. Another configuration is an articulating foot pressing platform or platforms with or without stabilizing pads or straps. The foot engagement means utilized in any of the seated position embodiments also can consist of multiple configurations that are connected to the main frame and operatively connected or linked to the user support. One configuration is a sliding foot pressing platform or platforms operatively linked to the user support. Another configuration is a pivoting lever arm and foot pressing platform or platforms operatively linked to the user support. Another configuration is a combination of a sliding foot pressing platform or platforms, a flexible material such as a cable or belt, and a pulley or pulleys operatively connected to the user support. Another configuration is a combination of a pivoting lever arm foot pressing platform or platforms, a flexible material such as a cable or belt, and a pulley or pulleys operatively connected to the user support. The linkage mechanism of the seated position embodiments can consist of multiple configurations. A preferred linkage is a three-bar tripod configuration where the three bars are of similar length, with one end of each bar converging to a common floating pivot axle. The opposite end of the first of the said tripod bars connects to the user support. The opposite end of the second of the tripod bars connects to the sliding or rolling traveling member. The opposite end of the third of the tripod bars connects to the stationary main frame.

The seated position embodiments of the invention function in two basic configurations. The muscle groups activated by the user depend on the direction the user is facing and whether or not the machine is configured to activate upper body muscles only, lower body muscles only, or a combination of upper and lower body muscles concurrently. The frame of the basic configurations comprises a base frame with a front end and a back end. A sloped linear slide rail or rails rigidly are attached to the frame such that a first end of the rail is at a higher elevation than the opposite second end. A rolling or sliding traveling member is slidably attached to the slide rail and a seated user support is mounted to the sliding member.

The seated position user support is of an approximately "L" shaped configuration with a longer first leg of the support having a longer first upper end and a shorter second lower end. The shorter second leg of the "L" has a first end and a second end with the first end proximal or connected to the second lower end of the longer first leg. The second end of the shorter second leg extends away from the second lower end of the first leg at an approximately 90 degree angle at a distance sufficient to support a user when they are seated. The user support pivotally connects to the sliding traveling member at a location on the user support proximal to the intersection of the second end of the first leg of the user support and the first end of the second leg of the user support. The user support pivots on the traveling member at an about central location of the traveling member above the wheels or bearings sliding device but at a close proximity to the slide rail.

A tripod linkage mechanism controls the angle and location of the user support as the user support moves back and forth on the slide rail. The tripod linkage is comprised of three bars of similar length with a first end of each bar converging to a common floating pivot axle. The opposite second end of the first of the tripod bars pivotally connects proximal to the first end of the first leg of the user support. The opposite second end of the second of the tripod bars connects to the sliding or rolling traveling member at a location slightly below and slightly away from the pivot point of the user support and traveling member in the opposite direction of the second end of the second leg of the user support. The opposite second end of the third of the tripod bars pivotally connects to the stationary main frame at a location proximal to the end of the main frame and proximal to the termination point of the slide rail and opposite the end of the frame from the second end of the second leg of the user support.

In the first basic configuration of the seated position embodiment of the invention, the user's chest is closer to the higher elevation end of the slide rail and the user's back is closer to the lower elevation end of the slide rail. In this configuration the user support puts the user in an upright approximately vertical position in the at rest unactivated position. In this at rest position of this configuration, the floating pivot point of the tripod linkage mechanism is closest to the user support and the first and second leg of the tripod linkage are in a more linear alignment. As the user activates one or more of the engagement means and urges the user support along the upwardly sloped linear rail, the tripod linkage changes the shape of its configuration becoming a more isosceles triangular shape and the floating pivot of the tripod begins to move away from the user support thus decreasing the distance between the second end of the first tripod bar and the second end of the third tripod bar, which causes the user support to pivot the user into a more reclined position as the user support travels along the linear rail. As the user releases the exertion upon the engagement means, thus ceasing the urging of the user support and allowing the user support to move in a direction back down the slope of the slide rail, the tripod linkage begins to reverse its shape and lengthen the distance between the second end of the first tripod bar and the second end of the third tripod bar, thereby reversing the angle of the user support to a more upright and vertical position. In the second basic configuration of the seated position embodiment of the invention, the user's back is closer to the higher elevation end of the slide rail and the user's chest is closer to the lower elevation end of the slide rail. In this configuration, the user support puts the user in a reclined position in the at rest unactivated position. In this at rest position of this configuration, the floating pivot point of the tripod linkage mechanism is at its largest distance from the user support and the three bars are in a more equilateral triangular shape. As the user activates one or more of the engagement means and urges the user support along the upwardly sloped linear rail, the tripod linkage changes the shape of its configuration and the floating pivot of the tripod begins to move closer to the user support thus increasing the distance between the second end of the first tripod bar and the second end of the third tripod bar, which causes the user support to pivot the user into a more upright and vertical position as the user support travels along the linear rail. As the user releases the exertion upon the engagement means, thus ceasing the urging of the user support and allowing it to move in a direction back down the slope of the slide rail, the tripod linkage begins to reverse its shape and decrease the distance between the second end of the first tripod bar and the second end of the third tripod bar, thereby reversing the angle of the user support to a more upright and vertical position.

Most embodiments of the seated position embodiment of the machine may be adjusted to comfortably fit the user. An example is adjusting the at rest or unactivated location of the user support on the linear slide rail. Another example is adjusting a hand engagement means relative to the location of the user support. Another example is adjusting the angle or location of a foot engagement means relative to the location of the user support. Additional resistance can be added to all of the seated position embodiments of the machine. One example is loading loose weights directly onto the linkage mechanism, user support, traveling member, or user engagement means. Another example is operatively attaching a resistance mechanism to the linkage mechanism, user support, traveling member, or user engagement means. Resistance mechanisms can include, but are not limited to, weight stacks, hydraulics, pneumatics, springs, elastic bands, magnetic devices, friction brakes, moment arms, and the like.

Another configuration of the seated position embodiment of the machine is where the user's chest is closer to the higher elevation end of the slide rail, which allows for multiple configurations of upper body exercises or lower body exercises or combinations thereof. A first basic configuration of this embodiment is a lower body exercise machine including a seated leg curl causing the user to activate their hamstring muscles. A seated leg curl is performed by the user engaging a pivoting lower leg stabilizing means previously described such that the user's legs are in a fully extended position in the at rest position. To activate the engagement means, the user pulls their hips forward towards the leg stabilizing means, thus urging the user support up the slope of the linear slide rail. Releasing the exertion on the lower leg stabilizing means reverses the direction of the user support, moving the user support down the slope and returning the user's legs to a fully extended position. An example of an upper body exercise for this configuration is a pressing motion where the user grasps a set of engagement handles that are operatively connected to the user support. The engagement handles are located proximal to the user's upper torso in the at rest position. To activate the handles, the user presses the handles away from their torso. Pressing the handles urges the user support up the slope of the linear slide rail. Releasing the exertion on the engagement handles moves the user support in the opposite direction down the slope of the linear slide rail. The pressing handles can be made up of multiple components as previously detailed.

An example of a concurrent lower body and upper body exercise for this configuration is combining a seated leg curl with a pressing motion so that the user's upper body and lower body work in unison to urge the user support up the slope of the linear slide rail. As previously discussed, performing concurrent exercises of the lower and upper body is a faster and more complete method of exercise and a substantial improvement over prior art. Another configuration of the seated position embodiment of the machine is where the user's back is closer to the higher elevation end of the slide rail, which also allows for multiple configurations of upper body exercises or lower body exercises or combinations thereof. An example of a lower body exercise in this configuration is a seated leg extension causing the user to activate their quadriceps muscles. A seated leg extension is performed by the user engaging a pivoting lower leg stabilizing means previously described such that the user's legs are in a mostly contracted position with their knees bent in the at rest position. To activate the engagement means, the user pushes their hips rearward away from the leg stabilizing means, thus urging the user support up the slope of the linear slide rail. Releasing the exertion on the lower leg stabilizing means reverses the direction of the user support, moving it down the slope and returning the user's legs to a contracted knee bent position.

An example of an upper body exercise in this configuration is an arm curl causing the user to activate their bicep muscles. To begin this exercise, the user grasps a set of engagement handles that are operatively connected to the user support. The engagement handles are located proximal to the outside of the users hips in the at rest position. To activate the handles, the user pulls the handles towards their shoulders. Pulling the handles urges the user support up the slope of the linear slide rail. Releasing the exertion on the engagement handles moves the user support in the opposite direction down the slope of the linear slide rail. The pulling handles can be made up of multiple components as previously detailed.

An example of a concurrent lower body and upper body exercise for this configuration is combining a seated leg extension with an arm curl motion so that the user's upper body and lower body work in unison to urge the user support up the slope of the linear slide rail. As previously discussed, performing concurrent exercises of the lower and upper body is a faster and more complete method of exercise and a substantial improvement over prior art.

These features, and other features and advantages of the present invention, will become more apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art when the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments is read in conjunction with the appended figures in which like reference numerals designate like elements throughout the several views.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The figures most often show the embodiments of the invention from one side. For the most part, the invention looks the same, but in a mirror image, from the opposite side, with both sides having similar structures, features, and components

FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing a combination of a pressing lever arm operatively connected via linear bearing linkage to a kneeling user support with a foot pressing plate in at rest position.

FIG. 2 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing a combination of a pressing lever arm operatively connected via linear bearing linkage to a kneeling user support with a foot pressing plate in the fully activated position.

FIG. 3 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing a combination of a pressing lever arm operatively connected via linear wheel linkage to a kneeling user support with a foot pressing plate in the at rest position.

FIG. 4 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing a combination of a pressing lever arm operatively connected via linear wheel linkage to a kneeling user support with a foot pressing plate in the fully activated position. FIG. 5 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg extension in the at rest position.

FIG. 6 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg extension in the fully activated position.

FIG. 7 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg extension in the at rest position. FIG. 8 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a lever arm bicep curl in the at rest position.

FIG. 9 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a lever arm bicep curl in the fully activated position.

FIG. 10 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a lever arm bicep curl in the at rest position.

FIG. 1 1 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a lever arm and single cable bicep curl in the at rest position.

FIG. 12 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a lever arm and single cable bicep curl in the fully activated position.

FIG. 13 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected a single cable bicep curl in the at rest position.

FIG. 14 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a single cable bicep curl in the fully activated position.

FIG. 15 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a two cable bicep curl in the at rest position.

FIG. 16 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing a multi-press machine with dynamic user positioning in the fully activated position.

FIG. 17 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing a multi-press machine with dynamic user positioning in the at rest position. FIG. 18 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg curl in the at rest position. FIG. 19 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg curl in the fully activated position.

FIG. 20 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a lever arm and two cable triceps press in the fully activated position.

FIG. 21 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a lever arm and two cable triceps press in the at rest position.

FIG. 22 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a lever arm and single cable triceps press in the at rest position.

FIG. 23 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a lever arm triceps press in the at rest position.

FIG. 24 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a lever arm triceps press in the fully activated position.

FIG. 25 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a single cable multi-press in the fully activated position.

FIG. 26 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a single cable multi-press in the at rest position. FIG. 27 is a top rear exploded view of an embodiment of the invention showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm.

FIG. 28 is a bottom front exploded view of an embodiment of the invention showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm.

FIG. 29 is a side rear exploded view of an embodiment of the invention showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm. FIG. 30 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm in the activated position.

FIG. 31 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm in the at rest or unactivated position. FIG. 32 is a rear perspective view of an embodiment of the invention showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm in the at rest or unactivated position.

FIG. 33 is a rear perspective view of an embodiment of the invention showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm in the activated position.

FIG. 34 is a more detailed view of an adjustment mechanism for the lever arm of an embodiment of the invention showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Exemplary preferred embodiments are disclosed below in connection with the attached drawings. Throughout this specification, various terms will be used to describe various elements or sets of elements, features or sets of features, and devices or sets of devices. For example, the term actuating means or actuating device will be used to describe any bar, handle, pad, or other element that is operatively connected to the resistance or assistance mechanism. The terms at rest and unactivated and starting will be used to describe when the user is not engaging the device, or only minimally so. The terms activated and operating will be used to describe when the user is engaging the device. The term lever arm will be used to describe all types of lever arm and/or hand grips that the user grips or grasps when using the device. The terms pull and push, when referring to the user operating the lever arm or device, will be used to describe any motion or movement by a user on the lever arm or device to activate weight resistance including but not limited to pulling, pushing, squeezing, twisting, and rotating.

Generally, the invention is a machine for concurrently exercising one or more of a user's muscle groups, the machine having a base having front and back ends, one or more linear slide rails, a user support and an engagement member for the user's hands or feet. The user support slides while pivoting during the exercise motion such that the location and angle of the user support is dictated by the linkage mechanism that positions and connects the user support relative to the other parts of the machine. The user support can be caused to move by the engagement member being acted upon by the user's feet only, by the user's hands only or a combination of the user's feet and hands concurrently during the exercise.

FIGs. 1 -4 are views of an embodiment of the invention termed a total body press machine. FIG. 1 is a side view of this embodiment showing a combination of a pressing lever arm operatively connected via linear bearing linkage to a kneeling user support with a foot pressing plate in at rest position. FIG. 2 is a side view of this embodiment showing a combination of a pressing lever arm operatively connected via linear bearing linkage to a kneeling user support with a foot pressing plate in the fully activated position. FIG. 3 is a side view of this embodiment showing a combination of a pressing lever arm operatively connected via linear wheel linkage to a kneeling user support with a foot pressing plate in the at rest position. FIG. 4 is a side view of this embodiment showing a combination of a pressing lever arm operatively connected via linear wheel linkage to a kneeling user support with a foot pressing plate in the fully activated position.

FIGs. 5-7 are views of an embodiment of the invention termed an inverted leg extension machine. FIG. 5 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg extension in the at rest position. FIG. 6 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg extension in the fully activated position. FIG. 7 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg extension in the at rest position.

FIGs. 8-15 are views of an embodiment of the invention termed an inverted leg extension with bicep arm curl machine. FIG. 8 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a lever arm bicep curl in the at rest position. FIG. 9 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a lever arm bicep curl in the fully activated position. FIG. 10 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a lever arm bicep curl in the at rest position. FIG. 1 1 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a lever arm and single cable bicep curl in the at rest position. FIG. 12 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a lever arm and single cable bicep curl in the fully activated position. FIG. 13 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected a single cable bicep curl in the at rest position. FIG. 14 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a single cable bicep curl in the fully activated position. FIG. 15 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg extension operatively connected with a two cable bicep curl in the at rest position.

FIGs. 16-17 are views of an embodiment of the invention termed a multi-press machine. FIG. 16 is a side view of this embodiment showing a multi-press machine with dynamic user positioning in the fully activated position. FIG. 17 is a side view of this embodiment showing a multi-press machine with dynamic user positioning in the at rest position.

FIGs. 18-19 are views of an embodiment of the invention termed an inverted leg curl machine. FIG. 18 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg curl in the at rest position. FIG. 19 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg curl in the fully activated position.

FIGs. 20-24 are views of an embodiment of the invention termed an inverted leg curl with a triceps press machine. FIG. 20 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a lever arm and two cable triceps press in the fully activated position. FIG. 21 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a lever arm and two cable triceps press in the at rest position. FIG. 22 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a lever arm and single cable triceps press in the at rest position. FIG. 23 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a lever arm triceps press in the at rest position. FIG. 24 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a lever arm triceps press in the fully activated position. FIGs. 25-26 are views of an embodiment of the invention termed an inverted leg curl and multi-press machine. FIG. 25 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a single cable multi-press in the fully activated position. FIG. 26 is a side view of this embodiment showing an inverted leg curl operatively connected with a single cable multi-press in the at rest position.

FIGs. 27-34 are views of an embodiment of the invention termed a multi-crunch machine. FIG. 27 is a top rear exploded view of this embodiment showing a multi- crunch having a hand grip lever arm. FIG. 28 is a bottom front exploded view of this embodiment showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm. FIG. 29 is a side rear exploded view of this embodiment showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm. FIG. 30 is a side view of this embodiment showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm in the activated position. FIG. 31 is a side view of this embodiment showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm in the at rest or unactivated position. FIG. 32 is a rear perspective view of this embodiment showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm in the at rest or unactivated position. FIG. 33 is a rear perspective view of this embodiment showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm in the activated position. FIG. 34 is a more detailed view of an adjustment mechanism for the lever arm of this embodiment showing a multi-crunch having a hand grip lever arm. The machine 10 comprises a stationary base frame 1 1 supporting a user support 23, lever arm 32 or cable grip handle 1 13 (or other hand operated actuating means), and an optional resistance or assistance mechanism 17, 18, 20. The base frame 1 1 can be any suitable base, such as a set of formed or shaped tubes or channels, preferably parallel, for supporting the working components of the machine 10. The user support 23, and preferably a back end of the user support 23, is slidably and pivotably mounted on a slide rail 13, which is supported by a slide rail support 12 on the base frame 1 l and is structured and mounted on the base frame 1 1 such that the user U can kneel, sit, lie, or stand on the user support 23 while using the machine 10 and slide the user support 23 relative to the lever arm 32 or cable grip handle 1 13. The base frame 1 1 comprises components such as tubes and stands so as to form a stable base adequate to stably support the remainder of the machine 10 and a user U, as well as being able to stably withstand the movement of the machine 10 during use.

The lever arm 32 is pivotably mounted on the base frame 1 1 such that the user U can grasp the lever arm 32 while using the machine 10 and pivotably move at least portions of the lever arm 32 relative to the user's torso and/or the user support 23. The lever arm 32 is operatively connected to the user support 23 via linkages 19 and/or a linkage mechanism so that the lever arm 32 and the user support 23 cooperate with each other during the exercise regimen . Lever arm 32 comprises at least one rod or tubular member of any desired cross-sectional shape, with circular being the most common. As shown in the figures, lever arm 32 can have a straight or linear shape, a curved or arced shape, or an "S" or "Z" longitudinal shape.

Similarly, if a cable grip handle 1 13 is used, the cable grip handle is mounted on the base frame 1 1 via cables and pulleys such that the user U can grasp the cable grip handle 1 13 while using the machine 10 and move the cable grip handle relative to the user's torso and/or the user support 23. Likewise, the cable grip handle 1 13 is operatively connected to the user support 23 via drive cable 1 10 and cable pulley 1 12 and/or a cable and pulley mechanism so that the cable grip handle 1 13 and the user support 23 cooperate with each other during the exercise regimen.

User support 23 is a generally planar or "L"-shaped structure on which a user U kneels, sits, lies, or stands, or which otherwise supports a user U, during the exercise regimen when using the machine 10. User support 23 can be a simple rectangular structure similar to the seat of a chair or a flat board, or can be a more complex structure such as the chair shaped structure shown in several of the figures. User support 23 optionally can have padding thereon for the additional comfort of a user U. User support 23 preferably is of a size, shape, and strength to comfortably or at least adequately support a user U thereon.

The machine 10 also can include a rotation bearing support plate 172 on which the user support 23 is rotatably mounted. The rotation bearing support plate 172 can provide for free rotation of the user support 23 or angled placement of the user support 23. For example, a rotation bearing 192 is used to rotatably connect user support 23 to rotation bearing support plate 172. In this manner, the user support 23 is rotatably mounted on the rotation bearing support plate 172, and the rotation bearing support plate 172 is slidably and pivotably mounted on the traveling member 50 or the base frame 1 1 . The rotation point for the user platform 23 preferably is at or about perpendicular to the user's thighs or buttocks in the initial or starting position. The rotation bearing 192 in combination with the rotation bearing support plate 172 can provide for free rotation of the user platform 23 or angled placement of the user platform 23. The linkage 19 or linkage mechanism operatively connects or links the lever arm 32 or cable grip handle 1 13 to the rotation bearing support plate 172 in a manner such that the activation of the machine 10 by pulling and pushing on the lever arm 32 or cable grip handle 1 13 causes the rotation bearing support plate 172 to slide and pivot. While the rotation bearing support plate 172 is in motion or stationary, the user platform 23 can be rotated relative to the traveling member 50 or base frame 1 1 . The range of motion of the free rotation of the rotation bearing support plate 172 can be restricted such that the clockwise or counter clockwise motion of rotation of the rotation bearing support plate 172 will have a stopping point mechanism to prevent over-rotation that could be hazardous to the user U. Alternatively or additionally, a locking/unlocking mechanism allows the user support 23 to be unlocked and rotated relative to the rotation bearing support plate 172 such that the user support 23 can be set at a desired angle relative to the rotation bearing support plate 172 and locked at that angle.

The embodiment of the user support 23 not having a rotation bearing support plate 72 comprises bearings or journal 74 attached to the bottom of the user support 23. Journal 74 is rotatably mounted on a wheel support 76, with wheel support 76 preferably pivotably mounted to a bearing support 78, with bearing support 78 preferably being securely mounted to the bottom of user support 23. Preferably, there are two (2) sets of two (2) journal 74 extending downwardly from the bottom of user support 23. Journal 74 cooperates with base frame 1 1 , preferably the third section 38 of base frame 1 1 , so that user support 23 is slidably mounted on the base frame 1 1 , and preferably slidably mounted on the third section 38 of base frame 1 1 . Journal 74 is rotatably mounted on bearing support 76 in a generally vertical manner such that a top wheel 74A is located above base frame 1 1 and a bottom wheel 74B is located below base frame 1 1 , with base frame 1 1 being located between wheels 74A, 74B. In this manner, user support 23 is effectively secured onto base frame 1 1 in a slidable manner. Bearing support 78 preferably is pivotably mounted to wheel support 76 such that bearing support 78, and therefore user support 23, can pivot or rotate upwards and downwards relative to wheel support 74. Additionally, bearing supports 76 are preferably located on the back end of user support 23 such that front end 80 of user support 23 can pivot or rotate upwards and downwards relative to back end of user support 23, with the axis of pivot or rotation being horizontally through the pivotal connection between wheel support 76 and bearing support 78.

In certain embodiments, such as the embodiment shown in FIGs. 1 -4, user support 23 also comprises at least one (1 ) pivot connection flange 26 attached to the bottom of the user support 23. Pivot connection flange 26 rotatably or pivotably connects user support 23 to the first end 19A of linear linkage 19. In this manner, while the back end of user support 23 is supported on the slide rail 13 or the base frame 1 1 , the front end of user support 23 is supported by the second end 19B of linear linkage 19 such that the front end of user support 23 preferably does not contact the slide rail 13 or the base frame 1 1 . The linear linkage 19 or linkage mechanism operatively connects or links the lever arm 32 to the user support 23 in a manner such that the activation of the machine 10 by pulling and pushing on the lever arm 32 causes the user support 23 to slide and pivot in the manner disclosed herein. Similarly, the drive cable 1 10 and cable pulley 1 12 operatively connects or the cable grip handle 1 13 to the user support 23 in a manner such that the activation of the machine 10 by pulling and releasing the cable grip handle 1 13 causes the user support 23 to slide and pivot in the manner disclosed herein. In all embodiments, the user support 23 or portions of the user support 23 also can be adjustable in slope. For example, an adjustment mechanism (not shown) can be incorporated between the user support 23 that can allow a seat back or foot platform 29 of user support 23 to be raised, lowered, or tilted relative to another portion of the user platform 23 for the comfort of the user U. The linear linkage 19 or the linkage mechanism, or the drive cable 1 10 or the cable mechanism, can operatively connect or link the lever arm 32 or the cable grip handle 1 13, respectively, to either the user support 23 or the rotation bearing support plate172 in a manner such that the activation of the machine by pulling and pushing (pivoting backwards and forwards) on the lever arm 32 or pulling and releasing of the cable grip handle 1 13, respectively, causes the user support 23 or the combination of the user support 23 and the rotation bearing support plate172 to slide and pivot in the manner disclosed herein.

If the resistance or assistance mechanism 17, 18, 20 is included, the linkage mechanism or the cable mechanism also can operatively connect the resistance or assistance mechanism 17, 18, 20 to the lever arm 32 and/or the cable grip handle 1 13 and/or the user support 23 or the rotation bearing support plate 172. The resistance or assistance mechanism 17, 18, 20 can be mounted on the machine 10 at various alternative locations so long as the resistance or assistance mechanism 17, 18, 20 is operatively connected to the machine 10 so as to impart additional weight resistance or assistance to the user U during the exercise regimen. One embodiment of a preferred resistance or assistance mechanism 17, 18, 20 is the resistance weight holder 17 and resistance weight disc 18 shown in the figures.

The resistance or assistance mechanism 17, 18, 20 is mounted to the resistance weight support 20, which is connected to the lever arm 32 such that when the lever arm 32 is moved during the exercise regimen, the resistance or assistance mechanism 17, 18, 20 moves as well. The resistance and assistance mechanism 17, 18, 20 comprises resistance weight holder 17 and resistance weight disc 18. Alternatively, the resistance weight holder 17 can be mounted at other positions on the machine 10 whereby when the lever arm 32 or cable grip handle 1 13 or user support 23 or traveling member 50 is moved during the exercise regimen, the resistance weight holder 17 and resistance weight disc 18 moves as well. For example, the resistance weigh holder can be mounted on the user support 23, the travel member 50, the linear linkage 19, or the tripod linkage 17. In other embodiments, the resistance or assistance mechanism 17, 18, 20 is pivotably mounted to the base frame 1 1 and is operatively connected to the traveling member 50 such that when the traveling member 50 is moved during the exercise regimen, the resistance or assistance mechanism 17, 18, 20 acts upon the traveling member 50. For example, a cable can operatively connect the traveling member 50 such that movement of the traveling member 50 in a first direction will pull upon the cable, thereby lifting or otherwise activating a weight, thereby imparting additional weight or resistance to the movement of the traveling member 50 by the user U. This is analogous to the operation of a known circuit weight training machine. The degree of weight resistance of the resistance or assistance mechanism 17, 18, 20 can be controlled by the user U. For example, if the resistance or assistance mechanism 17, 18, 20 comprises a resistance weight support 20, additional resistance weight discs 18 can be added to or removed from the resistance weight holder 17 in a conventional manner. Other resistance or assistance mechanisms can be used in their conventional manners.

Referring now to FIGs. 1 -51 , various views of several embodiments of the machine 10 are shown to provide a more complete understanding of the invention.

The invention comprises a user support 23 that is directly pivotally attached to, or cooperates with, a first location to a sliding member, such as slide rail 13. The user support 23 can be of multiple shapes and configurations to comfortably and effectively support the user U during the exercise regimen. In certain embodiments, the user support 23 is a kneeling pad, such as including user support pad 25 as shown in FIGs. 1 -4, sufficient in size to support an adult human's knees, shins, and ankles. The user support 23 can comprise a user support frame 24 for holding the user support pad 25. The user support frame 24 also can comprise or be attached to the foot platform 29. In other embodiments, the user support 23 is a seat with a back rest, such as shown in FIGs. 5-26. In other embodiments, the user support 23 is a seat with no back rest, such as user support 314 shown in FIGs. 27-34. Figs. 27-34 are all a kneeling pad. In other embodiments, the user support 23 is a back rest with no seat. In all user support embodiments, there may be adjustments to any of the components fit the size of the user U.

The user support 23 (also including user support 314) is attached at a second location to a linkage mechanism, such as linear linkage 19 or tripod linkage 70, such that during operation of the machine 10 the linkage mechanism controls the angle of the user support 23 and controls the location of the user support 23 on the linear path defined by slide rail 13. In certain embodiments, this linkage mechanism can be a linear slide member 19 that attaches to the user support 23 on one end and to a user engagement means 32, 1 13, such as lever arm 32, cable grip handle 1 13, or lever arm 316, on the opposite end. In other embodiments, the linkage mechanism can be a two bar linkage that connects to the user support 23 on one end and connects to a resistance means, such as resistance weight components 17, 18, 20 or resistance or assistance mechanism 318, on the other end, and the resistance means is connected to a user engagement means 32. In other embodiments, the linkage mechanism is a tri-pod of three bars 71 , 72, 73 that connect in a common pivoting intersection, pivot 39, on one end of each of the bars 71 , 72, 73, with the opposite end of one of each of the bars 71 , 72, 73 connecting to the main frame 1 1 , the traveling member 50, and the user support 23, respectively.

In all embodiments, the user's hands or feet or both engage an engagement means 32, 33, 100, 1 13, 316 attached to or connected to the main frame 1 1 to move the user support 23 during the exercise motion. In certain embodiments, the engagement means is a pivoting lever arm 32, 316 for actuating by the users hands. In other embodiments, the engagement means is cable grip handles 1 13 attached to a flexible cable or belt1 10. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a stationary handle or arm lever grip 33 or handles attached to the main frame 1 1 . In other embodiments, the engagement means is a sliding handle or handles attached or linked to the main frame. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a stationary platform connected to the main frame 1 1 engaged by the user's feet, such as an embodiment of foot engagement means 100. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a pivoting foot pressing platform that adjusts to the angle of the user's legs during the exercise motion, also such as another embodiment of foot engagement means 100. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a foot pressing platform 29 rigidly attached to the user support 23, also such as another embodiment of foot engagement means 100. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a foot pressing platform pivotally attached to the user support 23, also such as another embodiment of foot engagement means 100. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a foot pressing platform attached to a pivoting lever arm 32, also such as another embodiment of foot engagement means 100. In other embodiments, the engagement means is a foot pressing platform attached to a sliding member such as linear linkage 19 connected to the main frame, also such as another embodiment of foot engagement means 100.

In certain embodiments of the invention, an example of which is shown in FIGs. 1 -4, the main frame 1 1 of the machine 10 is a mostly rectangular shape with a kneeling user support 23 movable in a linear path mounted on a proximal rearward portion of the machine 10, and a pivoting user engagement means 32 mounted proximal to the opposite and forward end of the machine 10. The user support 23 and the user engagement means 32 are operatively link via a linear linkage 19 member. The kneeling user support 23 comprises a kneeling user support pad 25 for supporting the user's knees, shins and ankles. There is a foot pressing platform 29 attached to the rearward most portion of the user support 23 such that the foot pressing platform 29 is attached to the portion of the user platform 23 end opposite the end to which the linear linkage mechanism 19 is attached. The foot pressing platform 29 is an elongated platform sufficient in width to support the user's entire foot. The foot pressing platform 29 is attached at its longest opposite ends to the user support 23 at a location a few inches rearward from the user support pad 25 such that the user's feet can comfortably fit in the cavern created between the foot pressing platform 29 and the kneeling user support pad 25. The foot pressing platform 29 is mounted at approximately a 90 degree angle to the frame that supports the user kneeling pad 25. In this configuration, the user's feet and legs are perpendicular to the foot pressing platform 29 when operating the machine 10. The user support 23 is pivotally attached to and/or slidably cooperates with a linear slide rail 13 at a location proximal to the foot pressing platform 29, but generally at the rearward section of the user support 23 and opposite the end of the linear linkage 19 connection. For example, the user support 23 can have support wheels 27 attached to the bottom of the user support 23 via flanges 28, which support wheels engage with the slide rail 13 to allow the user support to slide along the slide rail 13. Alternatively, bearings, low friction materials, or other sliding means can be substituted for wheels 27. The user support 23 also is pivotally attached at a second and forward end to a linear linkage 19 mechanism. The user support 23 is attached at a rearward location to the linear slide rail 13 that is in a lower elevation position than the attachment to the linear linkage 19 on the opposite and forward end of the user support 23, thus causing the user support 23 to slope upwards from back to front in the at rest position. The linear slide rail 13 is mounted on the main frame 1 1 via slide rail supports 12 with the rearward portion of the linear slide rail 13 being proximal to the rearward end of the main frame 1 1 . The linear slide rail 13 extends from the rearward portion of the main frame 1 1 in a direction towards the user engagement means 32 at a distance suitable for sufficient operation of the machine 10 for its intended purpose. The linear slide rail 13 is attached to the main frame 1 1 at a sloping linear angle such that the rearward most part of the linear slide rail 13 is at a higher elevation than the forward portion of the linear slide rail 13 that terminates closer to the center section of the machine 10. An embodiment of the user engagement means 32 is a pivoting lever arm 32 for engagement by the user's hands and is pivotally mounted to the main frame 1 1 at a height sufficient to operatively engage the linear linkage 19 mechanism. The engagement means 32 comprises two elongated bars or tube members both having first and second opposite ends. The first member, defined by lever arm first end 32A and lever arm second end 32B, comprises a hand grip 33 mounted proximal to a first end 32A and is pivotally mounted to the main frame 1 1 at an opposite second end 32B. The second member, defined by lever arm third end 32C and lever arm fourth end 32D, is configured as a radius or arced shape with a first end, defined as lever arm third end 33C, rigidly connected to or proximal to the second end 32B of the first member at or proximal to the pivot 21 location of the first member. The second end of the second member, defined as lever arm fourth end 32D, is operatively engaged to the linear linkage 19 mechanism. The engagement means 32 is configured such that the first member is in a more vertical than horizontal orientation when the machine 10 is in the at rest position such that the first end 32A of the first member is above the second end 32B of the first member and the second member extends from the second end 32B of the first member in a diverging radius pattern such that it is forward of the first member and oriented in a more horizontal than vertical position when the machine 10 is in the at rest position.

The linear linkage 19 mechanism of this embodiment is an elongated member having first end 19A and second end 19B opposite first end 19A. The first end 19A extends towards the rearward portion of the machine 10 and is pivotally attached to the front end of the user support 23 and opposite the end of the user support 23 that is connected to the slide rail 13. The second end 19B of the linear linkage 19 comprises one or more rolling or sliding devices, slide wheel 31 , that slidably engage and capture the second end 32D of the arced shaped second member of the user engagement 32 when the machine 10 is in the at rest position. The linear linkage 19 can be of any profile shape suitable for sliding within a capturing and sliding device such as wheels or linear bearings, bushings or the like, and defined generally as linear slide bearing 30. The linear linkage 19 capturing and sliding device or devices 30 are mounted to the main frame 1 1 in a generally horizontal fashion parallel to the base frame 1 1 by linear slide bearing support 14 and linear slide bearing mount 15, and are located in a central portion of the machine 10 such that the capturing and sliding devices 30 are located between the user support 23 and the user engagement member 32. During operation of the machine 10, the capturing and sliding devices 30 are located such that they do not impede the linear linkage 19 member at any point throughout the full range of motion of the machine 10. This embodiment also can include adjustment means or mechanisms so as to allow the distance between the user support 23 and the lever arm engagement means 32 to be increased or decreased in the at rest position to fit the user U.

This embodiment can also provide a resistance means for increasing the exertion of the exercise. The resistance means can be loose weights 18 loaded onto a resistance weight holder 17 which is rigidly attached to a resistance weight support 20 that is connected to the user engagement 32 pivot rod or loaded directly onto the user support 23. The resistance means also can be operatively connected to the user engagement means 32 via resistance weight support 20, or to the user support 23, or to the linear linkage 19, or to a combination thereof. Prior to the operation of this embodiment, the user U can adjust the location of the hand engagement means 32 relative to the user support 23 to a comfortable exercise position. The user U then can load or select the desired amount of weight 18 or resistance. During operation, the user U kneels on the user support pad 25 and places their feet against the foot pressing platform 29, which is in the at rest position. The user U then grasps the hand grip 33 located on the first end 32A of the user engagement means 32, which is in the at rest position. To begin the exercise, the user U pushes the pivoting user engagement means 32 with their hands and arms forward and away from the user support platform 23 in a forward arcing motion while concurrently pushing the foot pressing platform 29 connected to the user support 23 with their feet and legs rearward and away from the user hand engagement means 32 in a linear motion. This activates the linear linkage 19 mechanism as the arced shaped second member 32C, 32D of the user engagement means 32 rotates downward acting upon the slidable capturing means 31 connected to the second and forward end 19B of the linear linkage 19 causing the linear linkage 19 to slide through the linear sliding and capturing support devices 30 such that the linear linkage 19 moves rearward and towards the user support 23. This concurrent motion causes the user support 23 to slide rearward and away from the user hand engagement means 32 while concurrently pivoting upward from front to back decreasing the angle of the user support 23 as the rearward portion of the user support 23 moves up in elevation along the upward sloped slide rail 13. Conversely, as the user U decreases the pushing force with their hands and feet on the engagement means 32, the resistance mechanism 17, 18, 30, specifically the weight or resistance of the resistance mechanism 17, 18 acting on the engagement means 32, causes the foot pressing platform 29 and user platform 23 to move in a forward direction towards the user hand engagement means 32. As the user support 23 slides or rolls down the sloping slide rail 13, the rearward portion of the user support 23 lowers in elevation causing the user support 23 to pivot downward from front to back, thus increasing the angle of the user support 23. Compare, for examples, FIGs. 1 and 2. Concurrently, the user support 23 acts upon the linear linkage 19 causing the linear linkage 19 to move in a forward direction through the sliding and capturing support devices 30 and towards the user hand engagement means 32 thereby acting upon the slidable capturing means 31 connected to the second and forward end 19B of the linear linkage 19 causing the second arced shaped member 32C, 32D of the user hand engagement means 32 to rotate upwards so that the user hand engagement means 32 rotates rearward in an arcing fashion towards the user support 23. The user U can push the lever arm 32 and foot pressing platform 29 part way or all the way to the fully activated position so as to have activated a substantial amount of upper and lower body muscle groups. The user U can repeat the pushing and releasing action a number of times so as to complete a set of exercises. As can be seen, the present invention can exercise many muscle groups concurrently thus giving the user a more complete workout in a shorter period of time.

In certain embodiments of the invention, examples of which are shown in FIGs. 5-26, the user support 23 can be a seated position with or without a back rest and the at rest or "unactivated" position can angle the user U in an upright seated position as shown in FIG. 17 or a reclined position as shown in FIG. 7 or a forward leaning position. In some configurations of this embodiment, only the user's hands and arms are active in urging the user support 23 along the linear slide rail 13 while the user's legs are supported by the user support 23 and therefore move with the user support 23. In other configurations of this embodiment, only the user's feet and legs are active in urging the user support 23 along the linear slide rail 13 while the user's hands and arms are supported by the user support 23 and therefore move with the user support 23. In yet other configurations of this embodiment, both the user's hand and arms concurrently with the user's feet and legs are active in urging the user support 23 along the linear slide rail 13.

The user hand engagement means 32 utilized in any of the seated position embodiments can consist of multiple configurations that are connected to the main frame 1 1 and operatively connected or linked to the user support 23. One such configuration is a hand grip 60 connected to the user support 23, as shown in FIGs. 5-7. This also is shown in FIGs. 18-19. Another configuration is a pivoting rigid lever operatively linked to the user support, as shown in FIGs. 8-10. Another configuration is a combination of a pivoting rigid lever 32, a flexible material such as a cable or belt 1 10, and a pulley or pulleys 1 12 operatively connected to the user support 23, as shown in FIGs. 1 1 -12. Another configuration is a flexible material such as a single cable or belt 1 10 with handles 1 13 connected to each end and a series of pulleys 1 12 operatively connected to the user support 23, as shown in FIGs. 13, 14, 16, and 17. Another configuration is with two flexible material members such as cables or belts 1 10 that are anchored on one end and have handles 1 13 connected to the other end and are operatively connected to the user support 23 via pulleys 1 12, as shown in FIG 15.

The foot engagement means 100 utilized in any of the seated position embodiments can consist of multiple configurations connected to the main frame 1 1 . One configuration is a pivoting foot pressing platform 29 or platforms with an attached set of lower leg stabilizing pads 42, 43 or straps. Another configuration is a stationary foot pressing platform 29 or platforms with our without stabilizing pads 42, 43 or straps. Another configuration is an articulating foot pressing platform 29 or platforms with or without stabilizing pads or straps 42, 43. The foot engagement means 100 utilized in any of the seated position embodiments also can consist of multiple configurations that are connected to the main frame 1 1 and operatively connected or linked to the user support 23. One configuration is a sliding foot pressing platform 29 or platforms operatively linked to the user support 23. Another configuration is a pivoting lever arm 32 and foot pressing platform 29 or platforms operatively linked to the user support 23. Another configuration is a combination of a sliding foot pressing platform 29 or platforms, a flexible material such as a cable or belt 1 10, and a pulley or pulleys 1 12 operatively connected to the user support 23. Another configuration is a combination of a pivoting lever arm 32, foot pressing platform 29 or platforms, a flexible material such as a cable or belt 1 10, and a pulley or pulleys 1 12 operatively connected to the user support 23. The linkage mechanism of the seated position embodiments can consist of multiple configurations. A preferred linkage is a three-bar tripod configuration 70 where the three bars 71 , 72, 73 are of similar length, with one end of each bar 71 , 72, 73 converging to a common floating pivot axle 39. The opposite end of the third bar 73 of the said tripod bars connects to the user support 23. The opposite end of the second bar 72 of the tripod bars connects to the sliding or rolling traveling member 50. The opposite end of the first bar 71 of the tripod bars connects to the stationary main frame 1 1 , generally at or proximal to slide rail 13.

The seated position embodiments of the invention function in two basic configurations. The muscle groups activated by the user U depend on the direction the user U is facing and whether or not the machine 10 is configured to activate upper body muscles only, lower body muscles only or a combination of upper and lower body muscles concurrently. The base frame of the basic configurations comprises a base frame 1 1 with a front end and a back end. A sloped linear slide rail 13 or rails are rigidly attached to the main frame 1 1 such that a first end of the slide rail 13 is at a higher elevation than the opposite second end of the slide rail 13. A rolling or sliding traveling member 50 is slidably attached to the slide rail 13 and a seated user support 23 is mounted to the traveling member 50.

The seated position of user support 23 is of an approximately "L" shaped configuration with a longer first leg (backrest) of the support having a first upper end and a second lower end. The shorter second leg (seat) of the "L" has a first end and a second end with the first end proximal or connected to the second lower end of the longer first leg. The second end of the shorter second leg extends away from the second lower end of the first leg at an approximately 90 degree angle at a distance sufficient to support a user U when they are seated. The user support 23 pivotally connects to the sliding traveling member 50 at a location on the user support 23 proximal to the intersection of the second end of the first leg of the user support 23 and the first end of the second leg of the user support 23. The user support 23 pivots on the traveling member 50 at an about central location of the traveling member 50 above the wheels 51 or bearings on the traveling member 50 but at a close proximity to the slide rail 13. A tripod linkage mechanism 70 controls the angle and location of the user support 23 as the user support 23 moves back and forth on the slide rail 13. The tripod linkage 70 is comprised of three bars 71 , 72, 73 of similar length with a first end 71 A, 72A, 73A of each bar 71 , 72, 73 converging to a common floating pivot axle 39. The opposite second end 73B of the third bar 73 of the tripod bars connects to pivot 38 proximal to the first end of the first leg of the user support 23. The opposite second end 72B of the second bar 72 of the tripod bars connects at pivot 37 to the sliding or rolling traveling member50 at a location slightly below and slightly away from the pivot point 35 of the user support 23 and traveling member 50 in the opposite direction of the second end of the second leg of the user support 23. The opposite second end 71 B of the first bar 71 of the tripod bars connects to pivot 36 on the stationary main frame 1 1 at a location proximal to the end of the main frame 1 1 and proximal to the termination point of the slide rail 13 and opposite the end of the main frame 1 1 from the second end of the second leg of the user support 23. Most embodiments of the seated position embodiment of the machine 10 may be adjusted to comfortably fit the user U . An example is adjusting the at rest or unactivated location of the user support 23 on the linear slide rail 13. Another example is adjusting a hand engagement means 32 relative to the location of the user support 23. Another example is adjusting the angle or location of a foot engagement means 100 relative to the location of the user support 23.

Additional resistance can be added to all of the seated position embodiments of the machine 10. One example is loading loose weights 18, 304 directly onto the linkage mechanism, user support 23, traveling member 50, or user engagement means 32. Another example is operatively attaching a resistance mechanism 17, 18, 20 or 318 to the linkage mechanism, user support 23, traveling member 50, or user engagement means 32. Resistance mechanisms can include, but are not limited to, weight stacks, hydraulics, pneumatics, springs, elastic bands, magnetic devices, friction brakes, moment arms, and the like.

In the first basic configuration of the seated position embodiment of the invention, examples of which are shown in FIGs. 5-15, the user's back is closer to the higher elevation end of the slide rail 13 and the user's chest is closer to the lower elevation end of the slide rail 13. In this configuration, the user support 23 puts the user U in a reclined position in the at rest unactivated position. In this at rest position of this configuration, the floating pivot point 39 of the tripod linkage 70 mechanism is at its largest distance from the user support 23 and the three bars 71 , 72, 73 are in a more equilateral triangular shape. As the user U activates one or more of the engagement means 32 and urges the user support 23 along the upwardly sloped linear slide rail 13, the tripod linkage 71 changes the shape of its configuration and the floating pivot 39 of the tripod 71 begins to move closer to the user support 23 thus increasing the distance between the second end 71 B of the first tripod bar 71 and the second end 73B of the third tripod bar 73, which causes the user support 23 to pivot the user U into a more upright and vertical position as the user support 23 travels along the linear slide rail 13. As the user U releases the exertion upon the engagement means 32, thus ceasing the urging of the user support 23 and allowing the user support 23 to move in a direction back down the slope of the slide rail 13, the tripod linkage 70 begins to reverse its shape and decrease the distance between the second end 71 B of the first tripod bar 71 and the second end 73B of the third tripod bar 73, thereby reversing the angle of the user support 23 to a more reclined position.

In the first basic configuration of the seated position embodiment of the machine 10, the user's back is closer to the higher elevation end of the slide rail 13, which also allows for multiple configurations of upper body exercises or lower body exercises or combinations thereof. Many of these configurations include a foot engagement means 100 comprising one or more of a foot platform 29, a foot engagement support 41 , a foot secure pad 42, a heel secure pad 43, a heel pad frame 44, a pivoting foot engagement flange 45, a foot engagement counter weight 46, a connecting link 47, and a shin stabilizing pad 48, which cooperate with each other so as to allow a user U to place a user's foot securely on or within the foot engagement means 100 for proper operation of the machine 10. One example foot engagement means 100 operates by the user placing the user's foot on the foot platform 29 with the instep under the foot secure pad 42 and the shin against the shin stabilizing pad 48, the heel next to the heel secure pad 43, which is attached to the heel pad frame 44. The foot platform is preferably rotatably secured to the foot engagement support 41 via a pivoting foot engagement flange 45 so the foot platform can rotate. The foot engagement counter weight 46 acts to keep the foot engagement means 100 in a comfortable mounting position when the user enters the machine.

One example of this embodiment, examples of which are shown in FIGs. 5-7, is a seated leg extension causing the user U to activate their quadriceps muscles. A seated leg extension is performed by the user U engaging a pivoting lower foot engagement meansl OO previously described such that the user's legs are in a mostly contracted position with their knees bent in the at rest position. To activate the foot engagement means 100, the user U pushes their hips rearward away from the foot engagement means 100, thus urging the user support 23 up the slope of the linear slide rail 13. Releasing the exertion on the lower foot engagement meansl OO reverses the direction of the user support 23, moving it down the slope of the slide rail 13 and returning the user's legs to a contracted knee bent position.

The operation of this embodiment can be seen in a comparison of FIGs. 7 and 6, in which FIG. 7 shows the at rest or starting position and FIG. 6 shows the activated position. The user U is seated in a rearward leaning position with the user support 23 lower down on the front end of the slide rail 13. The user U has the user's feet in the foot engagement means 100. The tripod linkage 70 is in the more spread apart equilateral triangle position. When the user U activates the machine 10 by pushing their hips rearward away from the foot engagement means 100, holding onto user stabilizing grips 60, user support 23 is forced to slide or roll upwards along slide rail 13. As user support 23 moves on the traveling member 50 backwards along the slide rail 13, the tripod linkage 70 changes configuration to the less spread apart isosceles triangle position, which forces the top of user support 23 to rotate relatively forwards about pivot point 35, placing the user U in a forward leaning position. The user support 23 can be returned to the starting position by reversing the above actions. Thus, the user U is using the user's own weight and the weight of the user support as the weight resistance. Additional resistance weights 18 can be placed on resistance weight holder 17 to increase the weight or resistance the user U moves. This embodiment primarily exercises certain of the user's leg muscles. Another example of this embodiment, examples of which are shown in FIGs. 8-15, is an upper body exercise machine 10 including an arm curl causing the user U to activate their bicep muscles. To begin this exercise, the user U grasps a set of engagement handles 33 that are operatively connected to the user support 23. The engagement handles 33 are located proximal to the outside of the users hips in the at rest position. To activate the handles 33, the user U pulls the handles 33 towards the user's shoulders. Pulling the handles 33 urges the user support 23 up the slope of the linear slide rail 13. Releasing the exertion on the engagement handles 33 moves the user support 23 in the opposite direction down the slope of the linear slide rail 13. The pulling handles 33 can be made up of multiple components as previously detailed.

Another example of this embodiment, examples of which also are shown in FIGs. 8- 15, is a seated leg extension machine 10 with an arm curl motion so that the user's upper body and lower body work in unison to urge the user support 23 up the slope of the linear slide rail 13. As previously discussed, performing concurrent exercises of the lower and upper body is a faster and more complete method of exercise and a substantial improvement over prior art.

The operation of a first example of this embodiment can be seen in a comparison of FIGs. 10 and 9, in which FIG. 10 shows the at rest or starting position and FIG. 9 shows the activated position. To start, the user U is seated in a rearward leaning position with the user support 23 lower down on the front end of the slide rail 13. The user U has the user's feet in the foot engagement means 100. The tripod linkage 70 is in the more spread apart equilateral triangle position. When the user U activates the machine 10 by pushing their hips rearward away from the foot engagement means 100 and by pulling upwards on the lever arm grips 33 of the lever arm 32, user support 23 is forced to slide or roll upwards along slide rail 13. As user support 23 moves backwards on the traveling member 50 along the slide rail 13, the tripod linkage 70 changes configuration to the less spread apart isosceles triangle position, which forces the top of user support 23 to rotate relatively forwards about pivot point 35, placing the user U in a forward leaning position. In this embodiment, lever arm 32 also is connected to the traveling member 50, whereby the user support 23 is being forced to move by both certain of the user's leg muscles and certain of the user's arm muscles. More specifically, as lever arm 32 is raised, lever arm 32 pivots about pivot point 80. Linkage 83 connects lever arm 32 to traveling member 50. Linkage 83 is pivotally connected to lever arm 32 at pivot point 81 and is pivotally connected to traveling member 50 at pivot point 82. As such, linkage 83 allows a pivotal connection between lever arm 32 and user support 23 whereby activation of the lever arm 32 by the user U causes or helps to cause user support 23 to move on traveling member 50 upwards along slide rail 13. The user support 23 can be returned to the starting position by reversing the above actions. The operation of a second example of this embodiment can be seen in a comparison of FIGs. 1 1 and 12, in which FIG. 1 1 shows the at rest or starting position and FIG. 12 shows the activated position. To start, the user U is seated in a rearward leaning position with the user support 23 lower down on the front end of the slide rail 13. The user U has the user's feet in the foot engagement means 100. The tripod linkage 70 is in the more spread apart equilateral triangle position. When the user U activates the machine 10 by pushing their hips rearward away from the foot engagement means 100 and by pulling upwards on the lever arm grips 33 of the lever arm 32, user support 23 is forced to slide or roll upwards along slide rail 13. As user support 23 moves backwards on the traveling member 50 along the slide rail 13, the tripod linkage 70 changes configuration to the less spread apart isosceles triangle position, which forces the top of user support 23 to rotate relatively forwards about pivot point 35, placing the user U in a forward leaning position. In this embodiment, lever arm 32 is operatively connected to the traveling member 50, whereby the user support 23 is being forced to move by both certain of the user's leg muscles and certain of the user's arm muscles. More specifically, as lever arm 32 is raised, lever arm 32 pivots about pivot point 80. Drive cable 1 10 operatively connects lever arm 32 to traveling member 50. In a single cable version of this embodiment, drive cable 1 10 is connected to lever arm 32 at connector 1 1 1 , and is looped about pulley 1 12 attached to the front of one side of traveling member 50, and then is looped about at least one pulley 1 12 attached to main frame 1 1 , and is looped about another pulley 1 12 attached to the front of an opposite side of traveling member 50, and is connected to lever arm 32 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures. In a dual cable version of this embodiment, a first drive cable 1 10 is connected to lever arm 32 at connector 1 1 1 , and is looped about pulley 1 12 attached to the front of one side of traveling member 50, and then is secured to another pulley 1 12 or connector 1 1 1 attached to main frame 1 1 , and a second drive cable 1 10 is connected to a lever arm 32 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures at another connector 1 1 1 , and is looped about another pulley 1 12 attached to the front of another side of traveling member 50 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures, and then is secured to another pulley 1 12 or connector 1 1 1 attached to main frame 1 1 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures. As such, drive cable or cables 1 10 allows an operative connection between lever arm 32 and user support 23 whereby activation of the lever arm 32 by the user U causes or helps to cause user support 23 to move on traveling member 50 upwards along slide rail 13 by pulling drive cable or cables 1 10 and forcing traveling member 50 rearwards. The user support 23 can be returned to the starting position by reversing the above actions.

The operation of a third example of this embodiment can be seen in a comparison of FIGs. 13 and 14, in which FIG. 13 shows the at rest or starting position and FIG. 14 shows the activated position. To start, the user U is seated in a rearward leaning position with the user support 23 lower down on the front end of the slide rail 13. The user U has the user's feet in the foot engagement means 100. The tripod linkage 70 is in the more spread apart equilateral triangle position. When the user U activates the machine 10 by pushing their hips rearward away from the foot engagement means 100 and by pulling upwards on the cable grip handles 1 13, user support 23 is forced to slide or roll upwards along slide rail 13. As user support 23 moves backwards on the traveling member 50 along the slide rail 13, the tripod linkage 70 changes configuration to the less spread apart isosceles triangle position, which forces the top of user support 23 to rotate relatively forwards about pivot point 35, placing the user U in a forward leaning position. In this embodiment, cable grip handle 1 13 is operatively connected to the traveling member 50, whereby the user support 23 is being forced to move by both certain of the user's leg muscles and certain of the user's arm muscles. Drive cable 1 10 operatively connects cable grip handle 1 13 to traveling member 50. In a single cable version of this embodiment shown in FIGs. 13 and 14, drive cable 1 10 is connected to cable grip handle 1 13, and is looped about or between at least one pulley 1 12 attached to one side of traveling member 50, and then is looped about at least one pulley 1 12 attached to main frame 1 1 , and is looped about at least another pulley 1 12 attached to the opposite side of traveling member 50, and is connected to cable grip handle 1 13 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures. In a dual cable version of this embodiment shown in FIG. 15, a first drive cable 1 10 is connected to cable grip handle 1 13, and is looped about at least one pulley 1 12 attached to one side of traveling member 50, and then is secured to connector 1 1 1 attached to main frame 1 1 , and a second drive cable 1 10 is connected to a cable grip handle 1 13 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures, and is looped about at least another pulley 1 12 attached to another side of traveling member 50 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures, and then is secured to the same connector 1 1 1 or another connector 1 1 1 attached to main frame 1 1 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures. As such, drive cable or cables 1 10 allows an operative connection between lever arm 32 and user support 23 whereby activation of the lever arm 32 by the user U causes or helps to cause user support 23 to move on traveling member 50 upwards along slide rail 13 by pulling drive cable or cables 1 10 and forcing traveling member 50 rearwards. The user support 23 can be returned to the starting position by reversing the above actions.

In each of these embodiments, the user U is using the user's own weight and the weight of the user support 23 as the weight resistance. Additional resistance weights 18 can be placed on resistance weight holder 17 to increase the weight or resistance the user U moves. This embodiment primarily exercises certain of the user's leg muscles and the user's arm muscles.

In the second basic configuration of the seated position embodiment of the invention, examples of which are shown in FIGs. 16-26, the user's chest is closer to the higher elevation end of the slide rail 13 and the user's back is closer to the lower elevation end of the slide rail 13. In this configuration the user support 23 puts the user U in an upright approximately vertical position in the at rest non-activated position. In this at rest position of this configuration, the floating pivot point 39 of the tripod linkage 70 mechanism is closest to the user support 23 and the third bar 73 and second bar 72 of the tripod linkage 70 are closer to a linear alignment. Likewise, the first bar 71 and the third bar 73 of the tripod linkage are closer to a linear arrangement. As the user U activates one or more of the engagement means 32 and urges the user support 23 along the upwardly sloped linear slide rail 1 3, the tripod linkage 70 changes the shape of its configuration becoming a more equilateral triangular shape and the floating pivot 39 of the tripod 70 begins to move away from the user support 23 thus decreasing the distance between the second end 71 B of the first tripod bar 71 and the second end 73B of the third tripod bar 73, which causes the user support 23 to pivot the user U into a more reclined position as the user support 23 travels along the upward slope of linear slide rail 13. As the user U releases the exertion upon the engagement means 32, thus ceasing the urging of the user support 23 and allowing the user support 23 to move in a direction back down the slope of the slide rail 13, the tripod linkage 70 begins to reverse its shape and lengthen the distance between the second end 71 B of the first tripod bar 71 and the second end 73B of the third tripod bar 73, thereby reversing the angle of the user support 23 to a more upright and vertical position.

Another example of this embodiment, examples of which are shown in FIGs. 16-17 and FIGs. 25-26, is an upper body exercise machine 10 including a pressing motion where the user U grasps a set of engagement handles 1 13 that are operatively connected to the user support 23. The engagement handles 1 13 are located proximal to the user's upper torso in the at rest position. To activate the handles 1 13, the user U presses the handles 1 13 away from their torso. Pressing the handles 1 13 urges the user support 23 up the slope of the linear slide rail 13. Releasing the exertion on the engagement handles 1 13 moves the user support 23 in the opposite direction down the slope of the linear slide rail 13. The handles 1 13 can be made up of multiple components as previously detailed.

In the second basic configuration of the seated position embodiment of the machine 10, the user's chest is closer to the higher elevation end of the slide rail 13, which allows for multiple configurations of upper body exercises or lower body exercises or combinations thereof. One example of this embodiment, an example of which is shown in FIGs. 18-19, is a lower body exercise machine 10 including a seated leg curl causing the user U to activate their hamstring muscles. A seated leg curl is performed by the user U engaging a pivoting lower foot engagement means 100 previously described such that the user's legs are in a fully extended position in the at rest position. To activate the foot engagement means 100, the user U pulls their hips forward towards the foot engagement means 100, thus urging the user support 23 up the slope of the linear slide rail 13 and bringing the user's legs to a contracted bent knee position. Releasing the exertion on the lower foot engagement meansl OO reverses the direction of the user support 23, moving the user support 23 down the slope of the slide rail 13 and returning the user's legs to a fully extended position.

Another example of this embodiment, examples of which are shown in FIGs. 20-24, is a concurrent lower body and upper body exercise machine 10 combining a seated leg curl with a pressing motion so that the user's upper body and lower body work in unison to urge the user support 23 up the slope of the linear slide rail 13. As previously discussed, performing concurrent exercises of the lower and upper body is a faster and more complete method of exercise and a substantial improvement over prior art.

The operation of a first example of this embodiment can be seen in a comparison of FIGs. 17 and 16, in which FIG. 17 shows the at rest or starting position and FIG. 16 shows the activated position. To start, the user U is seated in a relatively upright position with the user support 23 lower down on the rear end of the slide rail 13. The user U has the user's feet resting on and supported by user foot support 90 which is rigidly attached to user support 23. The tripod linkage 70 is in the less spread apart isosceles triangle position. When the user U activates the machine 10 by pushing upwards and forwards on the cable grip handles 1 13, user support 23 is forced to slide or roll upwards along slide rail 13. As user support 23 moves forwards on the traveling member 50 along the slide rail 13, the tripod linkage 70 changes configuration to the more spread apart equilateral triangle position, which forces the top of user support 23 to rotate relatively backwards about pivot point 35, placing the user U in a rearward leaning position. In this embodiment, cable grip handle 1 13 is operatively connected to the traveling member 50, whereby the user support 23 is being forced to move by certain of the user's arm muscles. Drive cable 1 10 operatively connects cable grip handle 1 13 to traveling member 50. In a single cable version of this embodiment, drive cable 1 10 is connected to cable grip handle 1 13, and is looped about or between at least one pulley 1 12 attached to the rear of one side of traveling member 50, and then is looped about at least one pulley 1 12 attached to main frame 1 1 , and is looped about at least another pulley 1 12 attached to the rear of the opposite side traveling member 50, and is connected to cable grip handle 1 13 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures. In a dual cable version of this embodiment, a first drive cable 1 1 0 is connected to cable grip handle 1 13, and is looped about at least one pulley 1 12 attached to the rear of one side of traveling member 50, and then is secured to connector 1 1 1 attached to main frame 1 1 , and a second drive cable 1 10 is connected to a cable grip handle 1 13 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures, and is looped about at least another pulley 1 12 attached to the rear of another side of traveling member 50 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures, and then is secured to the same connector 1 1 1 or another connector 1 1 1 attached to main frame 1 1 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures. As such, drive cable or cables 1 10 allows an operative connection between cable grip handle 1 13 and user support 23 whereby activation of the cable grip handle 1 13 by the user U causes or helps to cause user support 23 to move on traveling member 50 upwards along slide rail 13 by pulling drive cable or cables 1 10 and forcing traveling member 50 rearwards. The user support 23 can be returned to the starting position by reversing the above actions.

The operation of a second example of this embodiment can be seen in a comparison of FIGs. 18 and 19, in which FIG. 18 shows the at rest or starting position and FIG. 19 shows the activated position. To start, the user U is seated in a relatively upright position with the user support 23 lower down on the rear end of the slide rail 13. The user U has the user's feet in the foot engagement means 100. The tripod linkage 70 is in the less spread apart isosceles triangle position. When the user U activates the machine 10 by pulling their hips forward towards the foot engagement means 100 and by holding onto user stabilizing grips 60, user support 23 is forced to slide or roll upwards along slide rail 13, bringing the user's legs to a contracted bent knee position. As user support 23 moves forwards on the traveling member 50 along the slide rail 13, the tripod linkage 70 changes configuration to the more spread apart equilateral triangle position, which forces the top of user support 23 to rotate relatively backwards about pivot point 35, placing the user U in a rearward leaning position. The user support 23 can be returned to the starting position by reversing the above actions. In this embodiment, the user U is using the user's own weight and the weight of the user support as the weight resistance. Additional resistance weights 18 can be placed on resistance weight holder 17 to increase the weight or resistance the user U moves. This embodiment primarily exercises certain of the user's leg muscles.

The operation of a third example of this embodiment can be seen in a comparison of FIGs. 21 and 20, in which FIG. 21 shows the at rest or starting position and FIG. 20 shows the activated position. To start, the user U is seated in a relatively upright position with the user support 23 lower down on the rear end of the slide rail 13. The user U has the user's feet in the foot engagement means 100. The tripod linkage 70 is in the less spread apart isosceles triangle position. When the user U activates the machine 10 by pulling their hips forward towards the foot engagement means 100 and by pushing downwards on the lever arm grips 33 of the lever arm 32, user support 23 is forced to slide or roll upwards along slide rail 13. As user support 23 moves forwards on the traveling member 50 along the slide rail 13, the tripod linkage 70 changes configuration to the more spread apart equilateral triangle position, which forces the top of user support 23 to rotate relatively rearwards about pivot point 35, placing the user U in a backwards leaning position. In this embodiment, lever arm 32 is operatively connected to the traveling member 50, whereby the user support 23 is being forced to move by both certain of the user's leg muscles and certain of the user's arm muscles. More specifically, as lever arm 32 is pushed down, lever arm 32 pivots about pivot point 36. Drive cable 1 10 operatively connects lever arm 32 to traveling member 50. In a dual cable version of this embodiment shown in FIGs. 20 and 21 , a first drive cable 1 10 is connected to lever arm 32 at connector 1 1 1 , and is looped about pulley 1 12 attached to a pulley attachment flange 1 14 attached to the rear end of slide rail 13 or the rear end of main frame 1 1 , and then is looped around at least one additional pulley 1 12 secured to a more central part of main frame and or on slide rail support 12, and then is connected to a connector 1 1 1 on a front side of traveling member 50, and a second drive cable 1 10 is connected to lever arm 32 on the opposite side of the machine 10 as shown in the figures at another connector 1 1 1 , and is looped about another pulley 1 12 attached to a pulley attachment flange 1 14 attached to the rear end of slide rail 13 or the rear end of main frame 1 1 , and then is looped around at least one additional another pulley 1 12 secured to a more central part of main frame and or on slide rail support

12 on the opposite side of the machine 10 as shown in the figures, and then is connected to another connector 1 1 1 on a front side of another side of traveling member 50. In a single cable version of this embodiment as shown in FIG. 22, drive cable 1 10 is connected to lever arm 32 at connector 1 1 1 , and is looped about pulley 1 12 attached to a pulley attachment flange 1 14 attached to the rear end of slide rail

13 or the rear end of main frame 1 1 , and then is looped about at least one pulley 1 12 attached to a lower portion of front slide rail support 12, and is looped around at least one additional pulley 1 12 secured to a higher position on front slide rail support

12 and is then looped around a proximally horizontally mounted pulley 1 12 that is attached to pulley attachment 1 14, which is attached to the front side of travel member 50 at a location below slide rail 13, then on the opposite side of the machine 10 as shown in the figures, then is looped around another pulley 1 12 attached to an upper portion of front slide rail support 12, then is looped around another pulley 1 12 attached to a lower portion of front slide rail support 12 and then around the pulley 1 12 connected to pulley attachment flange 1 14 attached to the rear end of slide rail

13 or the rear end of main frame 1 1 , and then is connected to another connector 1 1 1 on another lever arm 32 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures. As such, drive cable or cables 1 10 allows an operative connection between lever arm 32 and user support 23 whereby activation of the lever arm 32 by the user U causes or helps to cause user support 23 to move on traveling member 50 upwards along slide rail 13 by pulling drive cable or cables 1 10 and forcing traveling member 50 forwards. The user support 23 can be returned to the starting position by reversing the above actions.

The operation of a fourth example of this embodiment can be seen in a comparison of FIGs. 23 and 24, in which FIG. 23 shows the at rest or starting position and FIG. 24 shows the activated position. To start, the user U is seated in a relatively upright position with the user support 23 lower down on the rear end of the slide rail 13. The user U has the user's feet in the foot engagement means 100. The tripod linkage 70 is in the less spread apart isosceles triangle position. When the user U activates the machine 10 by pulling their hips forward towards from the foot engagement means 100 and by pushing downwards on the lever arm grips 33 of the lever arm 32, user support 23 is forced to slide or roll upwards along slide rail 13. As user support 23 moves forwards on the traveling member 50 along the slide rail 13, the tripod linkage 70 changes configuration to the more spread apart equilateral triangle position, which forces the top of user support 23 to rotate relatively backwards about pivot point 35, placing the user U in a rearward leaning position. In this embodiment, lever arm 32 also is connected to the traveling member 50, whereby the user support 23 is being forced to move by both certain of the user's leg muscles and certain of the user's arm muscles. More specifically, as lever arm 32 is lowered, lever arm 32 pivots about pivot point 36. Linkage 83 connects lever arm 32 to traveling member 50. Linkage 83 is pivotally connected to lever arm 32 at pivot point 81 and is pivotally connected to traveling member 50 at pivot point 87. As such, linkage 83 allows a pivotal connection between lever arm 32 and user support 23 whereby activation of the lever arm 32 by the user U causes or helps to cause user support 23 to move on traveling member 50 upwards along slide rail 13. The user support 23 can be returned to the starting position by reversing the above actions.

The operation of a fifth example of this embodiment can be seen in a comparison of FIGs. 26 and 25, in which FIG. 26 shows the at rest or starting position and FIG. 25 shows the activated position. To start, the user U is seated in a relatively upright position with the user support 23 lower down on the rear end of the slide rail 13. The user U has the user's feet in the foot engagement means 100. The tripod linkage 70 is in the less spread apart isosceles triangle position. When the user U activates the machine 10 by pushing forwards and upwards on the cable grip handles 1 13, user support 23 is forced to slide or roll upwards along slide rail 13. As user support 23 moves forwards on the traveling member 50 along the slide rail 13, the tripod linkage 70 changes configuration to the more spread apart equilateral triangle position, which forces the top of user support 23 to rotate relatively backwards about pivot point 35, placing the user U in a rearward leaning position. In this embodiment, cable grip handle 1 13 is operatively connected to the traveling member 50, whereby the user support 23 is being forced to move by certain of the user's arm muscles and the user's leg muscles. Drive cable 1 10 operatively connects cable grip handle 1 13 to traveling member 50. In a single cable version of this embodiment, drive cable 1 10 is connected to cable grip handle 1 13, and is looped about at least one pulley 1 12 attached to the upper portion of one side of the user support 23, and then is looped about at least one pulley 1 12 attached to the rear of one side of traveling member 50, and then is looped about at least one pulley 1 12 attached to main frame 1 1 , shown in this example as proximal to a front slide rail support 12 centrally located on the main frame 1 1 , and is looped about at least another pulley 1 12 attached to the rear of the opposite side traveling member 50, and then is looped about at least one other pulley 1 12 attached to the upper side of the opposite side of the user support 23 as shown in the figures, and is connected to cable grip handle 1 13 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures. In a dual cable version of this embodiment, a first drive cable 1 10 is connected to cable grip handle 1 13, and is looped about at least one pulley 1 12 attached to the upper portion of one side of the user support 23, and is looped about at least one pulley 1 12 attached to the rear of one side of traveling member 50, and then is secured to another pulley 1 12 or connector 1 1 1 attached to main frame 1 1 , and a second drive cable 1 10 is connected to a cable grip handle 1 13 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures, and is looped about at least one pulley 1 12 attached to the upper side of the opposite side of the user support 23, and is looped about at least another pulley 1 12 attached to the rear of another side of traveling member 50 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures, and then is secured to the same another pulley 1 12 or connector 1 1 1 , or a different pulley 1 12 or connector 1 1 1 , attached to main frame 1 1 on the opposite side of the machine as shown in the figures. As such, drive cable or cables 1 10 allows an operative connection between cable grip handle 1 13 and user support 23 whereby activation of the cable grip handle 1 13 by the user U causes or helps to cause user support 23 to move on traveling member 50 upwards along slide rail 13 by pulling drive cable or cables 1 10 and forcing traveling member 50 forwards. The user support 23 can be returned to the starting position by reversing the above actions.

In these embodiments, the user U is using the user's own weight and the weight of the user support 23 as the weight resistance. Additional resistance weights 18 can be placed on resistance weight holder 17 to increase the weight or resistance the user U moves. This embodiment primarily exercises certain of the user's leg muscles and the user's arm muscles.

Also in certain of these embodiments, and as shown in FIGs. 23-26, foot engagement means 100 can freely rotate during the exercise regimen. For example, in FIG. 23 foot platform 29 is more vertical and in FIG. 24 foot platform is more horizontal. Also in certain of these embodiments, and as shown in FIGs. 23-26, the machine 10 can further comprise a foot engagement means adjustment flange 102 for angling foot engagement means 100 to a position desired by the user U, such as by angling foot engagement means 100 closer to or farther away from user U. Certain embodiments of the invention, examples of which are shown in FIGs. 27-34, comprise a lever arm 316 engagement means pivotally connected to a forward portion of the base frame 312. An "L" shaped resistance mechanism 318 is pivotally attached to the base frame 312 slightly above and forward of the lever arm 316 attachment point. The resistance mechanism 318 is pivotally attached to the frame 312 proximal to the center section of the upper portion 224 of the "L". The lower section 222 of the "L" protrudes towards the front of the machine and away from the user platform 314. In the at rest position, the lever arm 316 angles forward such that is in front of the resistance mechanism 318 with the resistance mechanism 318 being located between the lever arm 316 and the user support 314. The resistance mechanism 318 and the lever arm 316 are slidably attached proximal to a midpoint on the lever arm 316 and slightly above the pivoting connection point 238 of the resistance mechanism 318.

The resistance mechanism 318 also can be attached to a first end 326A of a first linkage bar 326 at a location above the pivoting attachment point 238 of the resistance mechanism. The first linkage 326 is connected at a first end 326A to the resistance mechanism 318 and is connected at a second end 326B to a first end 328A of a second linkage 328. The second linkage is connected at a first end 328A to the second end 326B of the first linkage 326 and is connected at a second end 328B to or operatively proximal to the user platform 314, and preferably to a front end of the user platform 314. The linkage mechanism 324 connects the resistance mechanism 318 and lever arm 316 to the user platform 314 in such a manner that when the lever arm 316 is pulled towards the user platform 314, the linkages are caused to move so as to move the user platform 314, and thus the user U, towards the lever arm 316. The second linkage 328 can be pivotably mounted to the base 312 at a location on the base between the resistance mechanism 318 and the user platform 314. The pivot point on the second linkage 328 is located between the first end 328A and second end 328B of the second linkage such that the second linkage 328 acts as a first class lever. When the first linkage 326 is caused to move or rotate in a downward direction, this forces and rotates the first end 328A of the second linkage 328 downwards, thus causing the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 to rotate upwards. As the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 rotates upwards, it also moves in the direction of and closer to the lever arm 316, thus both pulling the user platform 314 forwards and forcing the front end of the user platform 314 upwards. As the back end of the user platform 314 is pivotably and slidably mounted to the base 312, the back end of the user platform 314 remains attached to the base 312, resulting in the user platform 314 angling upwards from back to front. When the first linkage 326 is caused to move or rotate or pivot in an upward direction, this forces or allows and rotates or pivots the first end 328A of the second linkage 328 upwards, thus causing the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 to rotate or pivot downwards. As the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 rotates or pivots downwards, it also moves in the direction away from and farther from the lever arm 316, thus both pushing the user platform 314 backwards and forcing the front end of the user platform 314 downwards. As the back end of the user platform 314 is pivotably and slidably mounted to the base 312, the back end of the user platform 314 remains attached to the base 312, resulting in the user platform 314 being horizontal, generally horizontal, or slightly sloped from back to front, which is considered to be the at rest or unactivated or initial or starting position.

In operation, prior to initiating the exercise regimen, the user can adjust the position of the lever arm 316, the position of linkage mechanism 324, the position of the user platform 314, and/or the angle of the user platform 314, if adjustment mechanisms are included. Also, if the invention includes an additional resistance or assistance mechanism 318, the user can adjust the amount of additional resistance or assistance desired for the exercise regimen. The user kneels on the user platform 314 and grasps the lever arm 316, which is in the at rest or unactivated position. The user pulls on the lever arm 316 while contracting the abdominal muscles. The pulling on the lever arm 316 causes it to rotate towards the user support 314, which causes the lever arm 316 to slide upward on the resistance mechanism 318, which causes the resistance mechanism 318 to rotate towards the user support platform 314, which causes the first linkage 326 to move or rotate or pivot in a downward direction, thus forcing and rotating or pivoting the first end 328A of the second linkage 328 downwards, which causes the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 to rotate or pivot upwards. As the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 rotates or pivots upwards, it also moves in the direction of and closer to the lever arm 316, thus both pulling the user platform 314 forwards and forcing the front end of the user platform 314 upwards, resulting in the user platform 314 angling upwards from back to front. The contracting of the abdominal muscles also causes the user's hips to rotate forwards, thus also pulling the user platform 314 forwards. The overall result is that the user U concurrently performs a rowing and crunch motion in which the user's knees are pulled towards the user's head and shoulders. The user U may pull the lever arm 316 part way or all the way to the fully activated position.

After the user U has pulled the lever arm 316 part way or all the way to the fully activated position so as to have conducted the crunch motion, the user U can hold the lever arm 316 in the activated position for additional exercise of the abdominal, hips and back muscles. The user U then allows the lever arm 316 to move back towards or to the at rest position, which causes the first linkage 326 to move or rotate or pivot in an upward direction, thus forcing or allowing and rotating or pivoting the first end 328A of the second linkage 328 upwards, which causes the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 to rotate or pivot downwards. As the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 rotates or pivots downwards, it also moves in the direction away from and farther from the lever arm 316, thus both pushing the user platform 314 backwards and forcing the front end of the user platform 314 downwards, resulting in the user platform 314 moving back to the generally more horizontal than vertical starting position.

Additionally, when the user U pulls and pushes the lever arm 316, the user U can contract and release arm, back, and shoulder muscles, such as the biceps, deltoids, latissumus dorsi, and/or trapezius, therefore also exercising these muscles. Further, when the user U moves the user platform 314, the user U can contract and release the hip and quadriceps, therefore also exercising these muscles.

The user U can repeat the pulling and pushing (releasing) action a number of times so as to complete a set of exercises. As can be seen, the present invention can exercise at least the abdominal muscles and also at least one other muscle or set of muscles, thus giving the user a more complete workout.

Referring now to FIGs. 27-29, exploded views of another embodiment of the invention is shown. In this embodiment, tubes also are generally are similar in shape, size, and structure to each other and can comprise three (3) or four (4) sections 334, 336, 338, 340. The first section 334 acts as a front riser and extends backwardly and horizontally or upwardly, and preferably horizontally or only slightly upwardly, from the front stand 330. The second section 336 extends generally upwardly and backwardly from the first section 334 comprises an extension 202 extending generally upwardly and generally downwardly from the second section. The lever arm 316 is pivotally attached to the generally downwardly extending portion 204 of the extension 202 and the resistance or assistance mechanism 318 is pivotally attached to the generally upwardly extending portion 206 of the extension 202. The third section comprises a downward facing arch and fulcrum 342 for pivotably supporting second linkage 328. The fourth section 340 acts as the user support 314 support and extends generally horizontally or downwardly from the third section 336 to the rear stand 332. In this fourth embodiment, front stand 330 does not comprise the means for attaching lever arm 316 to front stand.

Lever arm 316 comprises a rod-like or tubular member of any desired cross- sectional shape, with circular being the most common. As shown in FIGs. 27-34, lever arm 316 has an overall "S" or "Z" longitudinal shape comprising three (3) sections, lower section 208, middle section 214, and upper section 216, with each section being approximately the same length, as in the first three embodiments disclosed herein. However, in this embodiment, lower section 208 of lever arm 316is a downward facing arch comprising two arms 210 and a shoulder 212. A lower end of each arm 210 is pivotally connected to a respective extension 202, and specifically to a downwardly extending portion 204 of each extension 202. Middle section 214 of lever arm 316 is a generally straight tubular component connecting lower section 208 to upper section 216 of lever arm 316. Upper section 216 also can be a generally straight tubular section upon which hand grip 218 is attached. Alternatively, upper section 216 can be structured as the hand grip 218 rather than as a tubular component.

Lever arm 316 is pivotably attached to extension 202 such that lever arm 316 can rotate or pivot forwards and backwards. For example, lever arm 316 can have holes 348 formed near the lower ends of the lower sections 208, which holes 348 can cooperate with holes 350 through extension 202. A pivot axle rod 256 with cotter pins (not shown) or the equivalent can be used to pivotably secure lever arm 316 to extension 202.

Lever arm 316, and preferably the middle section 214, further comprises a roller 234 rotatably mounted between flanges 236 extending downwardly and rearwardly from middle section 214. Flanges 236 are spaced a sufficient distance from each other such that attachment section 224 of resistance or assistance mechanism 318 can fit between the flanges 236 with little to no interference, as disclosed herein. Roller 234, which can be a bearing roller or a wheel or the like, extends between flanges 236 and through guide slot 230 through attachment section 224, whereby lever arm 316 is both pivotably attached to base frame 312 and slidably attached to resistance or assistance mechanism 318 as disclosed herein.

User support 314 comprises slides, bearings, wheels or journal 174 attached to the bottom of the user support 314. Journal 174 is rotatably mounted on a bearing support 378, with bearing support 378 preferably being securely mounted to the bottom of user support 314. Journal 174 cooperates with base frame 312, preferably the fourth section 340 of base frame 312, so that user support 314 is slidably mounted on the base frame 312, and preferably slidably mounted on the fourth section 340 of base frame 312. Journal 174 can be rotatably mounted on bearing support 378 such that journal 174 extends outwardly from bearing support 378 and into guide slots 220. Fourth section 340 of base frame 312 comprises guide slots 220 located along the inner side of fourth section 340 and extending over a length of fourth section 340 sufficient to allow user support 314 to move a desired distance along fourth section 340. Journal 174 cooperates with guide slots 220, namely, fits within guide slots 220, whereby journal 174 travels within guide slots thereby allowing user support 314 to slide forwards and backwards along guide slots 220. In this manner, user support 314 is effectively secured onto base frame 312 in a slidable manner. Bearing supports 378 are preferably connected to journal 174 proximal to the back end of user support 314 such that front end 380 of user support 314 can pivot or rotate upwards and downwards relative to back end of user support 314, with the axis of pivot or rotation being horizontally through bearing support 378. The fourth embodiment also comprises at least one (1 ) pivot connection flange attached to the front of the user support 314 to rotatably or pivotably connect user support 314 to the second end of second linkage 328. In this embodiment, linkage mechanism 324 also comprises first linkage 326 having a first end 326A and a second end 326B and a second linkage 328 having a first end 328A and a second end 328B. The first linkage 326 is connected at a first end 326A to the resistance or assistance mechanism 318 proximal to lever arm 316 and is connected at a second end 326B to a first end 328A of the second linkage 328. The second linkage 328 is connected at a first end 328A to the second end 326B of the first linkage 326 and is connected at a second end 328B to or operatively proximal to the user support 314 or to the rotation bearing support plate 172, and preferably to a front end 380 of the user support 314 or to a front end 384 of the rotation bearing support plate 172. The linkage mechanism 324 operatively connects the lever arm 316 to the user support 314 in such a manner that when the lever arm 316 is pulled towards the user U, and thus towards the user support 314, lever arm 316 moves (actuates) the resistance or assistance mechanism 318, which causes the linkages 326, 328 to move so as to move the user support 314, and thus the user U, towards the lever arm 316. Second linkage 328 is pivotably mounted to the base frame 312 at a location on the base frame 312 between the lever arm 316 and the user support 314, such as to fulcrum 342 by a pivot rod 238. The pivot connection 394 on the second linkage 328 is located between the first end 328A and the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 such that the second linkage 328 acts as a first class lever mounted on the base frame 312. Thus, second linkage 328 pivots about pivot connection 394 whereby when first end 328A pivots upwards, second end 328B pivots downwards, and vice versa.

In this embodiment, first linkage 326 is pivotably mounted directly to resistance or assistance mechanism 318 such as by pivotably connecting first end 326A to connection flange 352 via pins, bearings, or the like. Second end 326B is pivotably mounted to first end 328A of second linkage 328. First linkage 326 is mounted to and between resistance or assistance mechanism 318 and second linkage 328 in such a manner that when lever arm 316 is pulled towards the user U, resistance or assistance mechanism 318 is moved along with lever arm 316 thereby acting on first linkage 326 by pushing first end 326A of first linkage 326 downwards such that first linkage 326 forces first end 328A of second linkage 328 also downwards, causing second linkage 328 to pivot or rotate such that second end 328B rotates upwards. Thus, in comparing FIG. 31 to FIG. 30, when the first linkage 326 is caused to move in a downward direction, this forces and rotates or pivots the first end 328A of the second linkage 328 downwards, thus causing the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 to rotate or pivot upwards. As the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 rotates or pivots upwards, the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 also moves in the direction of and closer to the lever arm 316, thus both pulling the user support 314 forwards and forcing the front end 380 of the user support 314 upwards. As the back end of the user support 314, or the back end 386 of the rotation bearing support plate 172, is pivotably and slidably mounted to the base frame 312, the back end of the user support 314, or the back end 386 of the rotation bearing support plate 172, remains attached to the base frame 312 via journal174 and guide slots 220, resulting in the user support 314 sliding forwards and angling upwards from back to front, which is in the activated position.

Similarly, in comparing FIG. 31 to FIG. 30, when the first linkage 326 is caused to move or rotate pivot in an upward direction, this forces or allows and rotates or pivots the first end 328A of the second linkage 328 upwards, thus causing the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 to rotate or pivot downwards. As the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 rotates or pivots downwards, the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 also moves in the direction away from and farther from the lever arm 316, thus both pushing the user support 314 backwards and forcing the front end 380 of the user support 314 downwards, either directly or via the rotation bearing support plate 172. As the back end of the user support 314, or the back end 386 of the rotation bearing support plate 172, is pivotably and slidably mounted to the base frame 312, the back end of the user support 314, or the back end 386 of the rotation bearing support plate 172, remains attached to the base frame 312 via journal 174 and guide slots 220, resulting in the user support 314 being horizontal, generally horizontal, or have a slight slope from back to front, which is in the at rest or inactivated or starting position. Thus, in the fourth embodiment, the resistance or assistance mechanism 318 operatively connects the first linkage 326, and therefore the linkage mechanism, to the lever arm 316.

In this embodiment, the resistance or assistance mechanism 318 is operatively connected to the lever arm 316 and pivotally connected to the base frame 312 such that when the lever arm 316 is moved during the exercise regimen, the resistance or assistance mechanism 318 moves as well . The resistance and assistance mechanism 318 is a curved or "L" shaped tubular structure comprising weight section 222 and attachment section 224. Weight section 222 comprises weight bar 306, weight peg 344 extending from weight bar 306, and free weights 304 to place on weight peg 344. Attachment section 224 further comprises flange 226 for connecting attachment section 224 to first linkage 326, adjustment mechanism 228 for adjusting the position of lever arm 316 relative to a user U, guide slot 230 for slidably attaching lever arm 316 to attachment section 224, and flanges 240 for pivotably attaching resistance or assistance mechanism 318 to base frame 312. Referring to FIG. 34, the structure of and connections for resistance or assistance mechanism 318 can be seen in more detail. Weight section 222 extends generally frontwardly from the device 10, terminating at its frontmost end with weight peg 344. Free weights 304 can be placed on weight peg 344 as desired. Weight section 222 is attached to attachment section 224 via a curved central connector or connection section 232. Attachment section 224 extends generally upwardly and rearwardly within the central area of the device 10, generally below lever arm 316 and in front of linkage mechanism 324 and user support 314. Flanges 240 extend generally downwardly and rearwardly from attachment section 224 and are located between extensions 202. Flanges 240 provide for the pivotal attachment of resistance or assistance mechanism 318 to base. More specifically, pivot rod 238 extends through extension holes 242 in extensions 202 and flange holes 244 in flanges 240 whereby resistance or assistance mechanism 318 is pivotably suspended on pivot rod 238 between extensions 202.

As discussed herein, lever arm 316, and preferably the middle section 214, further comprises a roller 234 rotatably mounted between flanges 236 extending downwardly and rearwardly from middle section 214. Flanges 236 are spaced a sufficient distance from each other such that attachment section 224 of resistance or assistance mechanism 318 can fit between the flanges 236 with little to no interference. Roller 234, which can be a bearing roller or a wheel or the like, extends between flanges 236 and through guide slot 230 through attachment section 224, whereby lever arm 316 is both pivotably attached to base frame 312 and slidably attached to resistance or assistance mechanism 318. Thus, when lever arm 316 is pulled by the user U, roller 234 slides within guide slot 230 and pushes downwardly and/or rearwardly on attachment section 224, specifically against an interior wall of the guide slot 230. Therefore, as lever arm 316 is pulled by the user U, roller 234 slides within guide slot 230 and against guide slot 230 wall, thus forcing attachment section 224, and therefore the resistance or assistance mechanism 318, to pivot about pivot rod 238. This provides a slidable operative connection giving the user U a mechanical advantage in that roller 234 is connected to lever arm 316, but rides inside of guide slot 230, thus acting on the linkage mechanism 324 throughout the full range of motion of roller 234 when traveling in guide slot 230.

The lever arm 316 can be adjusted relative to the user, specifically, moved closer to or farther from the user, using adjustment mechanism 228, which comprises lever arm stop 282, stop arms 284, and adjustment handle 286, and setting notches 248 located in connection flange 352. As part of adjustment mechanism 228, attachment section 224 further comprises an upper flange 250 extending generally upwardly and frontwardly in a ridgelike manner from the upper portion of attachment section 224. Upper flange 250 is located on attachment section 224 such that upper flange 250 is located between flanges 236 of lever arm 316. Upper flange 250 has a lever stop slot 252 extending through along at least a portion of the upper flange 250. Lever arm stop 282 extends through lever stop slot 252 generally horizontally and generally normal to both the axial direction of attachment section 224 and the linear/planar direction of upper flange 250. Lever arm stop 282 can slide within lever stop slot 252. Lever arm stop 282 is attached to adjustment handle 286 via stop arms 284, whereby movement of adjustment handle 286 also causes the movement of lever stop 282 within lever stop slot 252. Adjustment handle 286 cooperates with setting notches 248, whereby when adjustment handle 286 is located within the upper and rearmost setting notch 248A, lever arm stop 282 is located in a highest and rearmost position within lever stop slot 252, and when adjustment handle 286 is located within the lowest and frontmost setting notch 248C, lever arm stop 282 is located in a lowest and frontmost position within lever stop slot 252. As lever arm 316 is slidably mounted on attachment section 224, flanges 236 on lever arm 316 contact lever arm stop 282 at least when the device 10 is in the unactivated or at rest position. Therefore, when adjustment handle 286 is located within the highest and rearmost setting notch 248A, and lever arm stop 282 is located in a highest and rearmost position within lever stop slot 252, flanges 236 contact lever arm stop 282 and position lever arm 316 in a rearmost position, closest to user U. Conversely, when adjustment bar 286 is located within the lowest and frontmost setting notch 248C, and lever arm stop 282 is located in a lowest and frontmost position within lever stop slot 252, flanges 236 contact lever arm stop 282 and position lever arm 316 in a frontmost position, farthest from user U.

Referring now to FIGs. 30 and 31 , side views of this embodiment in the activated position and unactivated or at rest position, respectively, are shown. User U kneels on the user support 314 and grasps lever arm 316. User support 314 is shown in the at rest position towards the back of the base frame 312 and in a generally horizontal position. Lever arm 316 is shown in the at rest position towards the front of the base frame 312. The user U has not contracted the user's abdominal muscles to start the exercise regimen. The user's arms are in an extended position away from the user's chest.

In operation of this embodiment, the user U pulls on the lever arm 316, causing roller 234 to slide within guide slot 230 and push downwardly and/or rearwardly on attachment section 224, specifically against an interior wall of the guide slot 230. Therefore, as lever arm 316 is pulled by the user U, roller 234 slides within guide slot 234 and against guide slot 234 wall, thus forcing attachment section 224, and therefore the resistance or assistance mechanism 318, to pivot about pivot rod 238. The movement of resistance or assistance mechanism 318 forces first linkage 326 downwards in such a manner that first linkage 326 forces first end 328A of second linkage 328 downwards, causing second linkage 328 to pivot or rotate such that second end 328B rotates upwards. Thus, as can be seen in comparing FIG. 30 to FIG. 31 , when the first linkage 326 is caused to move in a downward direction, this forces and rotates or pivots the first end 328A of the second linkage 328 downwards, thus causing the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 to rotate or pivot upwards. As the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 rotates or pivots upwards, the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 pulls the user support 314 forwards and upwards, either directly or via the rotation bearing support plate 172. As the back end of the user support 314, or the back end 386 of the rotation bearing support plate 172, is pivotably and slidably mounted to the base frame 312 via journal 174 and guide slots 220, the back end of the user support 314, or the back end 386 of the rotation bearing support plate 172, remains attached to the base frame 312, resulting in the user support 314 sliding forwards and angling upwards from back to front, which is in the activated position.

Referring now to FIGs. 30 and 33, side views and perspective views of this embodiment respectively are shown in the activated position. User U is still kneeling on the user support 314 and is still grasping lever arm 316, and has pulled the lever arm 316 closer to the user's chest. User support 314 is shown in the activated position towards the middle of the base frame 312 and in an angled position. Lever arm 316 is shown in the activated position towards the middle of the base frame 312. The user U has contracted the user's abdominal muscles for the exercise regimen, and the user's knees are located closer to the user's chest. The user's arms are in a contracted position closer to the user's chest.

Weights 304 can be placed on weight peg 344, and the weight of weights 304 will cause the front end of weight bar 306, that is the end of weight bar 306 carrying weight peg 344 and weights 304, to rotate downwards. The weight of weights 304 thus is transferred via weight bar 306 to lever arm 316. In this embodiment, weights 304 will resist user U when conducting the first half of the exercise and assist user U when conducting the second half of the exercise, as weight 304 on weight peg 344 will resist in pulling the lever arm 316 and will assist in pushing or releasing the lever arm 316. The device 10 also can comprise a weight storage rack 254, which can be an archlike structure attached to the base frame 312. Weight storage rack 254 can comprise additional weight pegs 356 for storing free weights. Other structures can be used for the weight storage rack 254.

The machine 10 also can include adjustment means or mechanisms so as to allow the user support 314, the lever arm 316, the rotation bearing support plate172, and/or the resistance or assistance mechanism 318 to be adjusted to fit the user U . Thus, each of the components of the invention is or can be adjustable so as to provide a comfortable and appropriate exercise regimen. Features and components of all of the embodiments of the present invention are a sliding while pivoting user support exercise machine for exercising in two or more planes of motion, the machine comprising, (a) a stationary main frame having a front end and back end; (b) one or more stationary and parallel linear support rails connected to or part of the main frame that support a sliding or rolling traveling member; (c) a traveling member engaging the linear rail or rails for movement in a fixed linear path along the rail or rails; (d) a user support pivotally connected directly to the traveling member; (e) a user engagement means directly connected or linked to the main frame for engagement by the users hands or feet while exercising, whereby pulling or pushing of the user engagement means by the user's hands or feet causes the user support to move in a linear path along the slide rail or rails while concurrently pivoting; and (f) a one or more piece linkage mechanism having a pivotal connection to at least one portion of the user support and at least one operative connection to either the user engagement means or main frame or traveling member or combination thereof, wherein the one or more piece linkage mechanism manipulates the user support such that it controls the angle of the user support and the linear location of the user support as it slides or rolls along the linear rail or rails during the exercise motion.

A first embodiment of the invention shown in FIGs. 27-34 is termed a core trainer, and is based on the base machine disclosed above, wherein the user support is pivotably connected to the traveling member proximal to one end of the user support and connected to the linkage mechanism proximal to the opposite end of the user support such that both ends of the user support connection points support a substantial amount of the users weight during at least a portion of the exercise motion.

In this embodiment, the user engagement member can be a lever arm 316 pivotably mounted to the main frame 312 proximal to the opposite end of the frame from the user support 314, whereby urging of the lever arm 316 by the user's hands, arms, and torso towards the user support and urging of the user support by the user's feet, legs, and hips towards the lever arm 316 creates a concurrent exercise motion of upper and lower body muscle groups. Also in this embodiment, when the machine 10 is activated by the user U, the user engagement 316 and the user support 314 can move in unison as they are mechanically linked where movement of either the user engagement 316 or movement of the user support 314 causes the other to move simultaneously allowing the user's upper and lower body muscles groups to work concurrently against a common resistance or load.

Also in this embodiment, the lever arm 316 can be movable between a first at rest position and a second fully activated position and can be maintained at any position between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position and/or the user support 314 can be movable between a first at rest position and a second fully activated position and can be maintained at any position between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position.

Also, this embodiment can further comprise a resistance or assistance mechanism 318 for adding additional resistance or assistance to the user U during the exercise motion. The resistance or assistance mechanism 318 can be rigidly connected to the lever arm 316. The resistance or assistance mechanism 318 can be rigidly connected to the user support 314. The resistance or assistance mechanism 318 can be pivotably attached to the main frame 312. The resistance or assistance mechanism 318 can be slidably connected to the lever arm 316 and mechanically linked to the user support 314, whereby pivoting of the lever arm 316 slidably engages the resistance mechanism 318 causing it to pivot and act upon the mechanical linkage mechanism 324 causing the user support 314 to slide forward towards the lever arm 316 and the front 380 of the user support to pivot upwards into an increased vertical angle. Also in this embodiment, the linkage mechanism 324 can comprise a first linkage 326 have a first end 326A and a second end 326B and a second linkage 328 having a first end 328A and a second end 328B, wherein the first linkage 326 is connected at the first end 326A of the first linkage 326 to the resistance or assistance mechanism 318 and the first linkage 326 is connected at the second end 326B of the first linkage 326 to the first end 328A of the second linkage 328, the second linkage 328 is connected at the first end 328A of the second linkage 328 to the second end 326B of the first linkage 326 and the second linkage 328 is connected at the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 to or operatively proximal to the user support 314, whereby when the lever arm 316 is moved in a direction towards the user support 314, and slidably engages the resistance or assistance mechanism 318 and the user support 314 is moved by the linkage mechanism 324 towards the lever arm 316 and a front end 380 of the user support 314 is moved by the linkage mechanism 324 upwards thereby pivoting the user support 314 into an increased vertical angle configuration, and whereby when the lever arm 316 is moved in a direction away from the user support 314, the user support 314 is moved by the linkage mechanism 324 away from the lever arm 316 and the front end 380 of the user support 314 is moved by the linkage mechanism 324 downwards thereby pivoting the user support 314 into a more horizontal or decreased vertical angle configuration.

In this embodiment, the second linkage 328 can be pivotably mounted to the main frame 312 at a location on the main frame 312 between the lever arm 316 and the user platform 314. In this embodiment, the second linkage 328 can have a pivot point that is located between the first end 328A of the second linkage 328 and the second end 328B of the second linkage 328 such that the second linkage 328 is a first class lever.

Also in this embodiment, the resistance or assistance mechanism 318 can be adjustably connected to the lever arm 316, whereby the lever arm 316 is adjustable in distance relative to the user support 314 in the first at rest position. The resistance or assistance mechanism 318 can have a first end and a second end and may be a straight or radiused or multiple shaped elongated member. The weighted resistance or assistance connects to or is loaded onto the first forward end of the member that is opposite the second rearward end to which the mechanical linkage 324 is proximally connected. The resistance or assistance member 318 can be pivotably mounted to the main frame 312 at a location between the first forward end of the resistance or assistance member 318 and the second rearward end of the resistance or assistance member such that the resistance or assistance member is a first class lever. The resistance or assistance mechanism can be selected from the group consisting of free weights, weight stacks, hydraulic devices, pneumatic devices, brake-clutch devices, elastic devices, friction devices, springs, and moment arm devices.

Also in this embodiment, the user support 314 can also comprise a rotatable bearing operatively connected to the user support 314 allowing the user support to rotate while sliding and pivoting creating a three dimensional exercise motion. The user support 314 can rotate when the user support 314 is in the first at rest position or while the machine is being activated by the user. The rotating user support 314 can comprise a locking device to prevent the user support 314 from rotating. A second embodiment of the invention FIGs. 1 -4 is termed a total body press, and is based on the base machine disclosed above, wherein the user engagement member is an lever arm 32 pivotably mounted to the main frame 1 1 proximal to the opposite end of the frame from the user support 23, whereby urging of the lever arm 32 by the user's hands, arms, and torso away from the user support 23 and urging of the user support 23 by the user's feet, legs, and hips away from the lever arm 32 creates a concurrent exercise motion of upper and lower body muscle groups. The user support 32 can comprise a pad 27 to support the user's lower legs.

Also in this embodiment, the user support 23 can comprise a rigid member 29 to support the user's feet during the exercise motion. This rigid member 29 can be located proximal to the back end of the user support 23 and opposite the end to which the linkage mechanism 19 connects. This rigid member 29 can be of sufficient size and strength to withstand the pushing force exerted by user's feet during the exercise motion to urge the user support 23 away from the engagement lever arm 32. Also in this embodiment, when the machine 10 is activated by the user U, the user engagement lever arm 32 and the user support 23 move in unison as they are mechanically linked where movement of either the user engagement lever arm 32 or movement of the user support 23 causes the other to move simultaneously allowing the user's upper and lower body muscles groups to work concurrently against a common resistance or load. Also in this embodiment, the lever arm 32 can be comprised of two elongated members rigidly joined proximal to a common pivot location. The first member can have a first end 32A and a second end 32B and the second member can have a first end 32C and a second end 32D. The first member can be configured of multiple elongated shapes. The second member can be an elongated radius. The second end 32B of the first member can be rigidly joined to the first end 32C of the second member. The user engagement lever arm grip 33 can be located proximal to the first end 32A of the first member. In the at rest position, the first end 32A of the first member can be located above the second end 32B of the first member generally in a more vertical than horizontal orientation. The second member can be operatively connected to the linkage mechanism 19 proximal to the second end 32D of the second member. In the at rest position, the second end 32D of the second member can be extended away from the second end 32B of the first member and can be in a more horizontal than vertical orientation. In the at rest position, the second end 32B of the first member and the first end 32C of the second member can be located between the user support and the second end 32D of the second member.

Also in this embodiment, the lever arm 32 can be movable between a first at rest position and a second fully activated position and can be maintained at any position between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position and/or the user support 23 can be movable between a first at rest position and a second fully activated position and can be maintained at any position between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position.

Also in this embodiment, a linkage mechanism 19 can operatively connect the lever arm 32 and the user support 23. The linkage mechanism 19 can comprise a single elongated rigid linear slide member having a first end 19A and a second end 19B, the first end 19A being pivotably connected to the front end of the user support 23 and the second 19B or opposite end being operatively connected to the second end 32D of the second member of the lever arm 32. The linear slide member 19 can be supported by and slide on wheels or linear bearings. The wheels or linear bearings can be connected to and supported by the main frame 1 1 in a location between the first end 19A of the linear slide member19 and the second end 19B of the linear slide member 19. The wheels or linear bearings can be located such that they do not impede the movement of the linear slide member 19 when the machine 10 is in the first at rest position or fully activated position or any position between the first at rest and fully activated position. Also in this embodiment, an operative connection can be rigidly attached to the second end 19B of the linear slide member 19 and can be comprised of rotating or sliding components or devices capable of encapsulating a portion of the arced shaped elongated second member of the user engagement lever arm. The rotating or sliding components or devices can include wheels, roller bearings, or similar components or devices.

Also in this embodiment, when the lever arm 32 is pressed forward by the user U, the arced shaped second member of the lever arm 32 can act upon the device located at the second end 19B of the linear sliding linkage member 19 causing the linear sliding linkage member 19 to act upon the user support 23 causing the user support 23 to move in a direction away from the lever arm 32. When the lever arm 32 is pulled or returned to the at rest position, the user support 23 can move in a direction towards the lever arm 32.

Also in this embodiment, resistance can be added to the exercise motion to increase the exertion of the exercise. The resistance can be selected from but not limited to the group consisting of free weights, weight stacks, hydraulic devices, pneumatic devices, brake-clutch devices, elastic devices, friction devices, springs, and moment arm devices. The resistance can be connected to the user support 23. The resistance can be connected to the user engagement lever arm 32.

A third embodiment of the invention shown in FIGs. 5-15 and 18-26 is termed an inverted leg machine, and is based on the base machine disclosed above, wherein the user support 23 is pivotably connected to the traveling member 50 proximal to a central portion of the user support 23 and connected to the linkage mechanism 70 on a second location of the user support 23 such that both of the user support connection points support a substantial amount of the users weight during at least a portion of the exercise motion. The user support 23 can be pivotally connected to the traveling member 50 and the linkage mechanism 70 comprises a three bar tripod where a first end of all three bars is connect to a common central floating axle 39, a second end 71 A of a first bar 71 pivotally connects to the main frame 1 1 , a second end 73A of a second bar 73 pivotally connects to a second location on the user support 23, and a second end 72B of a third bar 72 pivotally connects to the traveling member 50.

In this embodiment, the user engagement means is not necessarily operatively connected to the user support 23. The user engagement means can be located proximal to the opposite end of the main frame 1 1 from the user support 23 in the at rest position of the exercise, or the user engagement means can be located proximal to the same end of the main frame 1 1 as the user support 23 in the at rest position of the exercise.

Also in this embodiment, the user engagement means can rotate whether or not the exercise motion is activated. One or more of the user engagement means can be adjustable in location relative to the user support 23. The user engagement means can be for the user's hands only, with the user's feet being supported by a rigid support member rigidly attached to the user support frame. Alternatively, the user engagement means can be for the user's feet only and the user's hands are supported by a rigid support member or members rigidly attached to the user support frame. Alternatively, there can be two or more movable user engagement means for engaging the user's feet and the user's hands concurrently during the exercise motion.

Also in this embodiment, the user support 23 travels back and forth on an elevated or angled linear path during the exercise motion. The traveling member 50 can travel back and forth on a single linear plane during the exercise motion. The user engagement can comprise a pivoting support for the user's lower legs. The user's legs can be extended in the at rest exercise position or the user's legs can be contracted or curled in the at rest position.

Also in this embodiment, the user's hands can engage an operative engagement means connected to the main frame 1 1 causing the user support 23 to move from the first at rest position to a position between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position. During this movement, the user's lower body is supported by the user support 23 and is not actively engaged in moving the user support 23.

Also in this embodiment, the user's feet can engage an engagement means 100 connected to the main frame causing the user support 23 to move from the first at rest position to a position between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position. During this movement, the user's upper body is supported by the user support 23 and is not actively engaged in moving the user support 23.

Also in this embodiment, both the user's hands and feet can be concurrently actively engaged in moving the user support 23 from the first at rest position to a position between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position. Both the user's hands and feet can activate concurrently to keep the user support 23 at any location between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position.

Also in this embodiment, the foot engagement 100 is a rotatable platform with attached engagement means for securing the user's lower legs in place during the exercise motion. The user can push against the rotatable platform or pull towards the rotatable platform during the exercise motion.

Also in this embodiment, the engagement means for the user's hands can consist of a one or more piece rigid lever or levers operatively connected to the user support 23. Alternatively, the engagement means for the user's hands can consist of one or more flexible members such as a cables, belts, ropes, bungee cords, or similar material operatively connected to the user support 23. Alternatively, the engagement means for the user's hands can consist of a combination of one or more rigid levers and flexible members such as a cables, belts, ropes, bungee cords, or similar material operatively connected to the user support 23.

Also in this embodiment, the user can mount the user support 23 and place his or her feet on the foot support connected to the user support 23, then the user can activate the user hand engagement means causing the user support 23 to move from the first at rest to a position anywhere between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position. Alternatively, the user can mount the user support 23 and place his or her hands on the hand support 60 connected to the user support 23, then the user can activate the user foot engagement means 100 causing the user support to move from the first at rest to a position anywhere between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position. Alternatively, the user can mount the user support 23 and place his or her hands on the hand engagement means and place his or her feet on the foot engagement means, then the user can concurrently activate the user hand engagement means and the user foot engagement means 100 causing the user support 23 to move from the first at rest to a position anywhere between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position.

All of the embodiments of the invention also can include an optional resistance or assistance mechanism that can be mounted on the invention at various alternative locations so long as the resistance or assistance mechanism is operatively connected to the invention so as to impart additional resistance or assistance to the user during the exercise regimen. In one embodiment, the resistance or assistance mechanism is mounted to the linkage mechanism and operatively connected to the base such that when the linkage mechanism is moved during the exercise regimen, the resistance or assistance mechanism moves as well. In another embodiment, the resistance or assistance mechanism is mounted to the base and operatively connected to the linkage mechanism such that when the linkage mechanism is moved during the exercise regimen, the resistance or assistance mechanism acts upon the linkage mechanism. In another embodiment, the resistance or assistance mechanism is mounted to or operatively connected to the lever arm such that when the lever arm is moved during the exercise regimen, the resistance or assistance mechanism moves as well. The movement of the resistance or assistance mechanism relative to the linkage mechanism or the lever arm can be directly or proportionally related to the movement of the linkage mechanism or lever arm, respectively. The degree of weight resistance of the resistance or assistance mechanism can be controlled by the user. For example, if the resistance or assistance mechanism comprises a free weight bar, additional weights can be added to or removed from the weight bar in a conventional manner. Other resistance or assistance mechanisms can be used in their conventional manners. The optional resistance or assistance components 17, 18, 20 is operatively connected to the lever arm 32 or the cable grip handle 1 13 and/or the user support 23 so as to provide additional resistance or assistance to the user U during the exercise regimen.

The present invention can be used in at least three modes, user resistance, user plus additional resistance, and user resistance with counter resistance assistance. In the user resistance mode, the user's body weight is the only form of resistance used to conduct the exercise regimen. In one embodiment of the user resistance mode, the mechanical advantage or disadvantage to the user can be manipulated with certain adjustments incorporated into the structure of the invention to increase or decrease the difficulty of the exercise regimen. In the user plus additional resistance mode, additional resistance can be added via the optional resistance or assistance mechanism, such as free weights, a weight stack, hydraulic devices, pneumatic devices, clutch-brake devices, elastic devices, friction devices, springs, moment arm devices, or other weight resistance devices and mechanisms. In the user resistance with counter resistance assistance mode, a counter resistance force can be added such as free weights, a weight stack, gas springs, spring powered reels or the like to create a counter force that will effectively reduce the amount of resistance of the exercise created by the user's body weight, thereby effectively reducing the difficulty of the exercise regimen. The invention also can include adjustment means or mechanisms so as to allow the user platform, the lever arm, the linkages, the rotation bearing support plate, and/or the resistance or assistance mechanism to be adjusted to fit the user. Thus, each of the components of the invention is or can be adjustable so as to provide a comfortable and appropriate exercise regimen. While the invention has been described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the spirit or scope of the invention to the particular forms set forth, but is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Reference Numerals

U User

10 Machine - Total Body Press

1 1 Main Frame

12 Slide Rail Support

13 Slide Rail

14 Linear Slide Bearing Support

15 Linear Slide Bearing Mount

16 Lever arm Support

17 Resistance Weight Holder

18 Resistance Weight Disc

19 Linear Linkage

19A Linear linkage first end

19B Linear linkage second end

20 Resistance Weight Support

21 Pivot

22 Pivot

23 User Support

24 User Support Frame

25 User Support Pad

26 Pivot Connection Flange

27 Support Wheel

28 Pivoting Connection Flange

29 Foot pressing platform

30 Linear Slide Bearing

31 Drive Wheel

32 Lever arm

32A Lever arm first end

32B Lever arm second end

32C Lever arm third end

32D Lever arm fourth end

33 Lever arm Grip 35 Pivot

36 Pivot

37 Pivot

38 Pivot

39 Pivot

40 Pivot

41 Foot Engagement Support

42 Foot Secure Pad

43 Heel Secure Pad

44 Heel Pad Frame

45 Pivoting Foot Engagement Flange

46 Foot Engagement Counter Weight

47 Connecting Link

48 Shin Stabilizing Pad

50 Traveling Member

51 Support Wheel

52 Guide Wheel

60 User Stabilizing Grip

70 Tripod Linkage

71 Tripod Link 1

72 Tripod Link 2

73 Tripod Link 3

80 Pivot

81 Pivot

82 Pivot

83 Linkage

83A Linkage first end

83B Linkage second end

90 User Foot Support

91 User Foot Support Frame

100 Foot Engagement Means

101 Pivot 102 Foot Engagement Means Adjustment Flange

1 10 Drive Cable

1 1 1 Connector

1 12 Cable Pulley

1 13 Cable Grip Handle

1 14 Pulley Attachment Flange

172 Rotation bearing support plate

174 Journal

192 Rotation bearing

202 Extension

204 Downwardly extending portion

206 Upwardly extending portion

208 Lower section

210 Arm

212 Shoulder

214 Middle section

216 Upper section

218 Hand grip

220 Guide slot

222 Weight section

224 Attachment section

226 Flange

228 Adjustment mechanism

230 Guide slot

232 Connection section

234 Roller

236 Flange

238 Pivot rod

240 Flange

242 Extension hole

244 Flange hole

248 Setting notch 248A Rearmost setting notch

248C Frontmost setting notch

250 Upper flange

252 Lever stop slot

254 Weight storage rack

256 Pivot rod axle

282 Lever arm stop

284 Stop arm

286 Adjustment handle

304 Free weights

306 Weight bar

312 Base frame

314 User support

316 Lever arm

318 Resistance or assistance mechanism

324 Linkage mechanism

326 First linkage

326A First end

326B Second end

328 Second linkage

328A First end

328B Second end

330 Front stand

332 Rear stand

334 First tube section

336 Second tube section

338 Third tube section

340 Fourth tube section

342 Fulcrum

344 Weight peg

348 Hole

350 Hole 352 Connection flange

356 Additional weight pegs

378 Bearing support

380 Front end

384 Front end

386 Back end

394 Pivot connection

Claims

What is Claimed is:

1 . A multi-function exercise machine comprising: a) a stationary main frame having a front end and back end; b) a single plane stationary linear support rail connected to the main

frame that supports a sliding or rolling traveling member; c) a traveling member engaging the linear support rail for movement in a fixed linear path along the linear support rail; d) a user support pivotally connected directly to the traveling member; e) a user engagement means connected to the main frame for

engagement by a user's hands or feet while exercising; and f) a linkage mechanism having a pivotal connection to at least one

portion of the user support and having at least one operative connection to at least one of the user engagement means, the main frame, and the traveling member, and combinations thereof.

2. The exercise machine of claim 1 , wherein the user support is pivotally

connected to the traveling member proximal to one end of the user support and connected to the linkage mechanism proximal to an opposite end of the user support such that both connected ends of the user support support a substantial amount of a user's weight during at least a portion of the exercise motion.

3. The exercise machine of claim 1 , wherein the user engagement means is a lever arm pivotably mounted to the main frame proximal to the opposite end of the main frame from the user support, whereby concurrent urging of the lever arm by a user towards the user support and urging of the user support by the user towards the lever arm creates a concurrent exercise motion of a user's upper and lower body muscle groups.

The exercise machine of claim 3, wherein the user engagement and the user support are mechanically linked and when the machine is activated by a user, the user engagement and the user support move in unison, wherein

movement of either the user engagement or the user support causes the other to move simultaneously, thereby allowing a user's upper and lower body muscle groups to work concurrently against a common resistance or load.

The exercise machine of claim 3, wherein the lever arm is movable between a first at rest position and a second fully activated position and can be

maintained at any position between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position.

The exercise machine of claim 3, wherein the user support is movable between a first at rest position and a second fully activated position and can be maintained at any position between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position.

The exercise machine of claim 3, further comprising a resistance or

assistance mechanism for adding additional resistance or assistance to a user during the exercise motion.

The exercise machine of claim 7, wherein the resistance or assistance mechanism is rigidly connected to the lever arm.

The exercise machine of claim 7, wherein the resistance or assistance mechanism is rigidly connected to the user support.

The exercise machine of claim 7, wherein the resistance or assistance mechanism is pivotably attached to the main frame.

The exercise machine of claim 10, wherein the resistance or assistance mechanism is slidably connected to the lever arm and mechanically linked by a linkage mechanism to the user support, whereby pivoting of the lever arm slidably engages the resistance or assistance mechanism causing the resistance or assistance mechanism to pivot and act upon the linkage mechanism causing the user support to slide forward towards the lever arm and front of the user support to pivot upwards into an increased vertical angle.

2. The exercise machine of claim 1 1 , wherein the linkage mechanism comprises a first linkage having a first end and a second end and a second linkage having a first end and a second end, wherein: the first linkage is connected at the first end of the first linkage to the

resistance or assistance mechanism and the first linkage is connected at the second end of the first linkage to the first end of the second linkage, the second linkage is connected at the first end of the second linkage to the second end of the first linkage and the second linkage is connected at the second end of the second linkage to or operatively proximal to the user support, whereby when the lever arm is moved in a direction towards the user support, and slidably engages the resistance or assistance mechanism, the user support is moved by the linkage mechanism towards the lever arm and a front end of the user support is moved by the linkage mechanism upwards thereby pivoting the user support into an increased vertical angle configuration, and whereby when the lever arm is moved in a direction away from the user

support, the user support is moved by the linkage mechanism away from the lever arm and the front end of the user support is moved by the linkage mechanism downwards thereby pivoting the user support into a more horizontal or decreased vertical angle configuration.

3. The exercise machine of claim 12, wherein the second linkage is pivotably mounted to the main frame at a location on the main frame between the lever arm and the user platform. The exercise machine of claim 12, wherein the second linkage has a pivot point that is located between the first end of the second linkage and the second end of the second linkage such that the second linkage is a first class lever.

The exercise machine of claim 1 1 , wherein the resistance or assistance mechanism is adjustably connected to the lever arm, whereby the lever arm is adjustable in distance relative to the user support in the first at rest position.

The exercise machine of claim 1 1 , wherein the resistance or assistance mechanism has a first end and a second end and may be a straight or arced or multiple shaped elongated member, and wherein the a resistance weight connects to or is loaded onto the first end of the resistance or assistance mechanism that is opposite the second end of the resistance or assistance mechanism to which second end of the resistance or assistance mechanism the user support mechanical linkage is proximally connected.

The exercise machine of claim 16, wherein the resistance or assistance member is pivotably mounted to the main frame at a location between the first end of the resistance or assistance member and the second end of the resistance or assistance member such that the resistance or assistance member is a first class lever.

The exercise machine of claim 7, wherein the resistance or assistance mechanism is selected from the group consisting of free weights, weight stacks, hydraulic devices, pneumatic devices, brake-clutch devices, elastic devices, friction devices, springs, and moment arm devices.

The exercise machine of claim 2, wherein the user support also comprise a rotatable bearing operatively connected to the user support allowing the user support to rotate while sliding and pivoting creating a three dimensional exercise motion.

20. The exercise machine of claim 19, wherein the user support is rotatable when the user support is in the first at rest position or while the machine is being activated by a user.

21 . The exercise machine of claim 19, wherein the user support comprises a

locking devise to prevent the user support from rotating.

22. The exercise machine of claim 2, wherein the user engagement member is a lever arm pivotally mounted to the main frame proximal to an opposite end of the main frame from the user support, whereby urging of the lever arm by a user away from the user support and urging of the user support away from the lever arm creates a concurrent exercise motion of upper and lower body muscle groups.

23. The exercise machine of claim 2, wherein the user support comprises a

platform to support a user's lower legs.

24. The exercise machine of claim 23, wherein when the machine is activated by the user, the user engagement and the user support are mechanically linked by a linkage mechanism and move in unison, wherein movement of either the user engagement or the user support causes the other to move

simultaneously allowing a user's upper and lower body muscle groups to work concurrently against a common resistance or load.

25. The exercise machine of claim 23, wherein the lever arm is comprised of two elongated members rigidly joined proximal to a common pivot location, wherein the first member has a first end and a second end and the second member has a first end and a second end; the first member is configured of multiple elongated shapes; the second member is an elongated arc and is rigidly joined to the first end of the first member; the user engagement is located proximal to the first end of the first member; in a first at rest position the first end of the first member is located above the second end of the first member generally in a more vertical than horizontal orientation; the second member is operatively connected to the linkage mechanism

proximal to the second end of the second member; in the first at rest position the second end of the second member is extended away from the second end of the first member and is in a more horizontal than vertical orientation; and in the first at rest position the second end of the first member and the first end of the second member are located between the user support and the second end of the second member.

The exercise machine of claim 23, wherein the lever arm is movable between a first at rest position and a second fully activated position and can be maintained at any position between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position during the exercise motion.

The exercise machine of claim 23, wherein the user support is movable between a first at rest position and a second fully activated position and can be maintained at any position between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position during the exercise motion.

The exercise machine of claim 25, wherein: the linkage mechanism operatively connects the lever arm and the user

support; the linkage mechanism comprises a single elongated rigid linear slide ram having a first end and a second end, the first end being pivotally connected to the front end of the user support and the second end, which is opposite the first end, being operatively connected to the second end of the second member of the lever arm; and the linear slide ram is supported by and slides through wheels or linear

bearings, wherein the wheels or linear bearings are stationary and connected to and supported by the main frame in a location between the first end of the linear slide ram and the second end of the linear slide ram, and wherein the wheels or linear bearings are located such that they do not impede movement of the linear slide ram when the machine is in the first at rest position or the second fully activated position or any position between the first at rest and fully activated position.

The exercise machine of claim 28, further comprising an operative connection rigidly attached to the second end of the linear slide ram, wherein the operative connection comprises a rotating or sliding component or device that encapsulates a portion of the arced shaped elongated second member of the user engagement lever arm, wherein the rotating or sliding component or device is selected from the group consisting of wheels, roller bearings, and similar components or devices.

The exercise machine of claim 29, wherein when the lever arm is pressed forward by a user, the arced shaped second member of the lever arm acts upon the operative connection located at the second end of the linear slide ram causing the linear slide ram to act upon the user support causing the user support to move in a direction away from the lever arm, whereby, when the lever arm is pulled or returned to the at rest position, the user supports moves in a direction towards the lever arm.

The exercise machine of claim 22, wherein resistance is added to the exercise motion to increase the exertion of the exercise.

The exercise machine of claim 31 , wherein the resistance is selected from the group consisting of free weights, weight stacks, hydraulic devices, pneumatic devices, brake-clutch devices, elastic devices, friction devices, springs, and moment arm devices.

33. The exercise machine of claim 32, wherein the resistance is connected to the user support. 34. The exercise machine of claim 32, wherein the resistance is connected to the user engagement lever arm.

35. The exercise machine of claim 1 , wherein the user support is pivotally

connected to the traveling member and the linkage mechanism comprises a three bar tripod, wherein a first end of each three bars of the three bar tripod is connect to a common central floating axle and the second end of a first of the three bars pivotally connects to the main frame, a second end of a second of the three bars pivotally connects to a second location on the user support, and a second end of a third of the three bars pivotally connects to the traveling member. 36. The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein the user engagement means is not operatively connected to the user support.

37. The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein the user engagement means is operatively connected to the user support.

38. The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein the user engagement means is located proximal to an opposite end of the main frame from the user support in a first at rest position.

39. The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein the user engagement means is located proximal to the same end of the main frame as the user support in a first at rest position. 40. The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein the user engagement means is stationary. The exercise machine of claim 35 wherein the user engagement means is movable.

The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein the user engagement means is adjustable in location relative to the user support.

The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein the user engagement means is for a user's hands only and a user's feet are supported by a rigid support member rigidly attached to the user support frame.

The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein the user engagement means is for a user's feet only and a user's hands are supported by a rigid support member or members rigidly attached to the use support frame.

The exercise machine of claim 35, further comprising at least two movable user engagement means for engaging a user's feet and a user's hands concurrently during an exercise motion.

The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein the traveling member travels back and forth in a single linear plane during the exercise motion.

The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein the user engagement comprises a pivoting support for a user's lower legs.

The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein a user's legs are extended in a first at rest position.

The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein a user's legs are contracted or curled in a first at rest position.

The exercise machine of claim 43, wherein a user's hands engage an operative engagement means connected to the main frame causing the user support to move from a first at rest position to a position between the first at rest position and a second fully activated position, wherein during the movement a user's lower body is supported by the user support and is not actively engaged in moving the user support. The exercise machine of claim 44, wherein a user's feet engage a foot engagement means connected to the main frame causing the user support to move from a first at rest position to a position between the first at rest position and a second fully activated position, wherein during the movement a user's upper body is supported by the user support and is not actively engaged in moving the user support.

The exercise machine of claim 45, wherein both a user's hands and feet are concurrently actively engaged in moving the user support from a first at rest position to a position between the first at rest position and a second fully activated position, wherein both a user's hands and feet activate concurrently to keep the user support at any location between the first at rest position and the second fully activated position.

The exercise machine of claim 51 , wherein the foot engagement means is a rotatable platform with attached engagement members for securing a user's lower legs in place during the exercise motion.

The exercise machine of claim 53, wherein a user pushes against a rotatable platform or pulls towards the rotatable platform during the exercise motion.

The exercise machine of claim 37, wherein the engagement means for a user's hands comprises a rigid lever or levers operatively connected to the user support.

The exercise machine of claim 37, wherein the engagement means for a user's hands comprises a flexible member operatively connected to the user support.

The exercise machine of claim 37, wherein the engagement means for a user's hands comprises a combination of at least one rigid lever and at least one flexible member operatively connected to the user support.

58. The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein a user mounts the user support and places a user's feet on a foot support connected to the user support, then activates a hand engagement means, thereby causing the user support to move from a first at rest to a position anywhere between the first at rest position and a second fully activated position.

The exercise machine of claim 35, wherein a user mounts the user support and places a user's hands on a hand support connected to the user support, then activates a foot engagement means, thereby causing the user support to move from a first at rest to a position anywhere between the first at rest position and a second fully activated position.

The exercise machine according to claim 35, wherein a user mounts the user support and places a user's hands on a hand engagement means and places a user's feet on a foot engagement means, and then concurrently activates the hand engagement means and the foot engagement means, thereby causing the user support to move from a first at rest to a position anywhere between the first at rest position and a second fully activated position.