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WO2015128102A1 - Electric drive system - Google Patents

Electric drive system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015128102A1
WO2015128102A1 PCT/EP2015/050209 EP2015050209W WO2015128102A1 WO 2015128102 A1 WO2015128102 A1 WO 2015128102A1 EP 2015050209 W EP2015050209 W EP 2015050209W WO 2015128102 A1 WO2015128102 A1 WO 2015128102A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inverter
drive system
phase
electric drive
terminals
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/050209
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Braun
Stefan Butzmann
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2015128102A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015128102A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/22—Multiple windings; Windings for more than three phases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/32—Waterborne vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/12—Induction machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/16—DC brushless machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/18—Reluctance machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0074—Plural converter units whose inputs are connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric drive system, in particular for an electrically operated vehicle such as an electric car or a hybrid vehicle.
  • an inverter 102 in the form of a
  • Pulse-controlled inverter For this purpose, a DC voltage provided by a DC voltage intermediate circuit 103 can be converted into a multi-phase AC voltage, for example a three-phase AC voltage.
  • the DC intermediate circuit 103 is fed by a string 104 of serially connected battery modules 105 or any DC voltage sources.
  • Document DE 10 2011 085 731 A1 discloses an electric drive system for a six-phase motor with two inverters connected in parallel.
  • the document DE 10 2008 008 978 AI discloses modular drive converters.
  • Document DE 10 2010 001 250 A1 discloses an electric drive system for an electric machine with two
  • the present invention provides an electric drive system with a n-phase electric machine, n> 1, which has at least two polyphase winding strands, a first
  • An inverter whose output terminals are connected to the phase terminals of a first one of the multiphase winding phases of the electric machine, a second parallel to the first inverter connected second inverter whose output terminals are connected to the phase terminals of a second of the polyphase winding phases of the electric machine, and a DC voltage source, which is connected to a first input terminal of a first input terminal of the first inverter and a second output terminal to a first input terminal of the second inverter, wherein a second input terminal of the first inverter and a second input terminal of the first inverter
  • Input terminal of the second inverter are connected to each other groundless, so that the first inverter and the second inverter are arranged in series.
  • the drive system continues to include a first DC voltage intermediate circuit, which between the
  • Input terminals of the first inverter is coupled, and have a second DC voltage intermediate circuit, which between the
  • Input terminals of the second inverter is coupled.
  • One idea of the present invention is to control electrical machines by means of standardized power assemblies, such as inverters, for example in B6 topology.
  • inverters are available as standardized module types, which are inexpensive to procure and implement by economies of scale.
  • the modularization of the power modules advantageously increases the efficiency of the electric drive system without the implementation of the electrical machine or of the individual power units per se being more expensive or expensive.
  • simple mechanical connection means can be provided for all power modules, by means of which the system modules can be interconnected.
  • a central control device for example, on a central control board, be provided equally for all power assemblies.
  • the first and the second inverter each having a three-phase self-commutated inverter comprising three balanced half-bridges of two power semiconductor switches in series circuit.
  • the switching elements may each comprise power semiconductor switches, preferably MOSFET switches or IGBT switches. These switches are particularly durable and reliable to control.
  • the drive system may further comprise a control device which is adapted to the power semiconductor switches of the first Inverter and the second inverter to control, wherein the control device is arranged on a central control board for the first inverter and the second inverter.
  • the DC voltage source can have a multiplicity of battery modules connected in series.
  • the drive system may further comprise a third inverter connected in parallel to the first inverter, whose input terminals are respectively coupled to input terminals of the first inverter, and a fourth connected in parallel to the second inverter
  • Inverters having their input terminals each with
  • Input terminals of the third inverter is coupled, and a fourth DC link, which is coupled between the input terminals of the fourth inverter include.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an exemplary conventional electric drive system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electric drive system according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. and Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of an electric drive system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an electric drive system 20 with a six-phase electrical machine 6, which may be, for example, a switched reluctance machine or a rotating field machine.
  • the electric machine 6 has two three-phase winding strands 6a and 6b, which can be coupled together in their neutral point.
  • the electric drive system 20 also has an inverter system comprising at least a first inverter 3a and a second inverter 3b.
  • the first inverter 3a feeds the first three-phase winding branch 6a of the electric machine 6 at its output terminals.
  • the second inverter 3b feeds the second three-phase winding branch 6b of the electrical machine 6 at its output terminals.
  • the inverters 3a and 3b each have a B6 full-bridge topology, that is, each of the inverters has a three-phase self-commutated inverter, the three symmetrical half-bridges of two power semiconductor switches Hl and H2, H3 and H4 or H5 and H6 in
  • the power semiconductor switches may be, for example, MOSFET switches or IGBT switches. However, it is also possible to use any other type of switching elements as switches Hl to H6 and to switch parallel to each switching element Hl to H6 a freewheeling diode.
  • the first inverter 3a and the second inverter 3b can either as a separate inverter units or in a
  • Machine 6 is coupled.
  • a (not explicitly shown) control device can be used, which, for example, on a common control board
  • the inverters 3a and 3b must each consist of a
  • DC intermediate circuit 2a and 2b are fed.
  • electric drive system 20 is a common DC voltage source 1,
  • a traction battery of an electric vehicle for supplying both DC voltage intermediate circuits 2a and 2b with electrical
  • the DC voltage source 1 may, for example, have a series connection of battery modules 5, the number of which is shown by way of example in FIG. 2 as 3 - any other number of battery modules 5 may also be possible.
  • the number of phases of the inverters 3a and 3b may differ from the exemplary number of three shown in FIG. 2, depending on the required number of phases of the phase windings 6a and 6b of the electric machine 6 whose phase number is any number can accept. It is also possible to connect more than two inverters 3a and 3b in parallel, in particular if the electric machine 6 has more than two polyphase winding strands 6a and 6b.
  • Winding strands are assigned and electrically connected with selbigem.
  • the DC voltage source 1 is in each case one of its two
  • Inverters 3a and 3b connected.
  • the respective other input terminals of the two inverters 3a and 3b are connected to each other groundless, so that the inverters 3a and 3b are arranged in series.
  • the performance of the electric drive system 20 can be significantly increased while maintaining the desired output voltage level.
  • the average voltage level between the two inverters 3a and 3b can in a suitable manner via the control device of the
  • Inverter system can be symmetrized. This requires the
  • the defective or defective part of the inverter system can be disabled and bypassed by appropriate bypass switch in the series circuit of the inverter or bypassed, and the electric machine 6 is at least temporarily by the rest
  • Fig. 3 shows a development of the electric drive system 20 of Fig. 2.
  • two or more inverters 3a and 3c, and 3b and 3d, respectively, may be connected in parallel in each of the series-connected inverter subsystems of the inverter system.
  • a plurality of inverters 3a and 3c or 3b and 3d per voltage level can be implemented, which can be staggered, for example, in order to reduce voltage and / or current fluctuations ("ripple") in the phase voltages or the phase currents entering the electrical machine 6
  • ripple current fluctuations
  • Inverters 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are stabilized on the input side via their own DC voltage intermediate circuit 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d. Further, each of the inverters 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d feeds a three-phase winding string 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d of the electric machine. In the example of FIG. 3, the electric machine 6 is therefore a twelve-phase machine.
  • the number of voltage levels as well as the number of inverters 3a and 3c or 3b and 3d per voltage level are shown in FIG. 3 only by way of example with two each - it is readily possible to supply more than two voltage levels or more than two inverters per voltage level to implement.
  • a center tap of the DC voltage source 1 between two sub-groups of the battery modules 5 can be used to connect the ground-free intermediate voltage planes between the two to stabilize in each case in series input terminals of the individual inverter groups per voltage level.
  • the individual inverters 3a and 3c or 3b and 3d need only be designed for a fraction of the total DC voltage of the DC voltage source 1, depending on the number of voltage intermediate levels used. By virtue of this, standard power modules for high output voltages of the DC voltage source 1 can also be used.
  • the electric machine 6 can be, for example, a synchronous or asynchronous machine, a reluctance machine or a brushless DC motor (BLDC)
  • BLDC brushless DC motor
  • Drive system 20 of Fig. 2 to 3 in stationary systems use, for example, in power plants, electrical power plants such as wind turbines, photovoltaic systems or
  • Flywheel accumulators pumped storage or similar systems.
  • Another possible use of the electric drive system 20 of FIGS. 2 to 3 are passenger or freight vehicles, which are designed for locomotion on or under the water, such as ships, motor boats or the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric drive system, comprising a 3n-phase electric machine, n>l, which has at least two polyphase phase windings, a first inverter of which the output terminals are connected to the phase terminals of a first one of the three-phase windings of the electric machine, said drive system also comprising a second inverter which is connected in parallel with the first inverter and of which the output terminals are connected to the phase terminals of a second one of the polyphase phase windings of the electric machine. The drive system further comprises a DC voltage source which is connected by a first output terminal to a first input terminal of the first inverter and by a second output terminal to a first input connection of the second inverter, a first DC voltage intermediate circuit which is coupled between the input terminals of the first inverter, and a second DC voltage intermediate circuit which is coupled between the input terminals of the second inverter, wherein a second input terminal of the first inverter and a second input terminal of the second inverter are connected to one another without being earthed, such that the first inverter and the second inverter are connected in series.

Description

Beschreibung Titel  Description title
Elektrisches Antriebssystem  Electric drive system
Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Antriebssystem, insbesondere für ein elektrisch betriebenes Fahrzeug wie ein Elektroauto oder ein Hybridfahrzeug. The invention relates to an electric drive system, in particular for an electrically operated vehicle such as an electric car or a hybrid vehicle.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Wie in Fig. 1 beispielhaft dargestellt, erfolgt in einem elektrischen Antriebssystem 100 die Einspeisung von mehrphasigem Strom in eine elektrische Maschine 101 üblicherweise durch einen Wechselrichter 102 in Form eines As shown by way of example in FIG. 1, in an electric drive system 100, the feeding of multi-phase current into an electric machine 101 is usually carried out by an inverter 102 in the form of a
Pulswechselrichters. Dazu kann eine von einem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 103 bereitgestellte Gleichspannung in eine mehrphasige Wechselspannung, beispielsweise eine dreiphasige Wechselspannung umgerichtet werden. Der Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 103 wird dabei von einem Strang 104 aus seriell verschalteten Batteriemodulen 105 oder beliebigen Gleichspannungsquellen gespeist. Pulse-controlled inverter. For this purpose, a DC voltage provided by a DC voltage intermediate circuit 103 can be converted into a multi-phase AC voltage, for example a three-phase AC voltage. The DC intermediate circuit 103 is fed by a string 104 of serially connected battery modules 105 or any DC voltage sources.
Um die für eine jeweilige Anwendung gegebenen Anforderungen an Leistung und Energie erfüllen zu können, werden häufig mehrere Batteriemodule oder Batteriezellen in einem Energiespeichersystem in Serie geschaltet. Wenn jedoch hohe Leistungen an der elektrischen Maschine benötigt werden, kann es notwendig werden, Maßnahmen in der Implementierung des elektrischen Antriebssystems 100 zu treffen, die den erhöhten Leistungsanforderungen gerecht werden. In order to meet the power and energy requirements of a given application, multiple battery modules or battery cells are often connected in series in an energy storage system. However, when high power is required on the electric machine, it may become necessary to take measures in the implementation of the electric drive system 100 that will meet the increased performance requirements.
Beispielsweise kann es möglich sein, mehrere Stränge 104 aus seriell verschalteten Batteriemodulen 105 parallel zu schalten. Dies kann jedoch zu unerwünschten Ausgleichsströmen zwischen den Strängen 104 führen. Zusätzlich dazu kann es auch notwendig sein, die Stromtragfähigkeit der Komponenten des Wechselrichters 102 und der elektrischen Maschine 101 zu erhöhen. Alternativ könnte auch die Zwischenkreisspannung angehoben werden. In jedem Fall werden umfangreiche Anpassungsentwicklungen und Änderungen in der Implementierung des elektrischen Antriebssystems nötig, die wiederum zu erhöhtem Implementierungsaufwand und -kosten führen. For example, it may be possible to connect several strings 104 of serially connected battery modules 105 in parallel. However, this can lead to undesirable balance currents between the strands 104. In addition, it may also be necessary to increase the current carrying capacity of the components of the inverter 102 and the electric machine 101. Alternatively, the DC link voltage could be raised. In any case, extensive adaptation developments and changes in the implementation of the electric drive system are required, which in turn lead to increased implementation effort and costs.
Die Druckschrift US 2007/0070667 AI offenbart ein Antriebssystem für ein elektrisch betriebenes Fahrzeug mit mehrfach parallel geschalteten The publication US 2007/0070667 Al discloses a drive system for an electrically operated vehicle with several parallel connected
Wechselrichtern, die einen mehrphasigen Motor mit Wechselspannung versorgen. Die Druckschrift DE 10 2011 085 731 AI offenbart ein elektrisches Antriebssystem für einen sechsphasigen Motor mit zwei parallel geschalteten Wechselrichtern. Die Druckschrift DE 10 2008 008 978 AI offenbart modulare Antriebsstromrichter. Die Druckschrift DE 10 2010 001 250 AI offenbart ein elektrisches Antriebssystem für eine elektrische Maschine mit zwei Inverters that supply a multiphase motor with AC voltage. Document DE 10 2011 085 731 A1 discloses an electric drive system for a six-phase motor with two inverters connected in parallel. The document DE 10 2008 008 978 AI discloses modular drive converters. Document DE 10 2010 001 250 A1 discloses an electric drive system for an electric machine with two
Phasensystemen, die über getrennte Wechselrichter gespeist werden. Phase systems powered by separate inverters.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung schafft gemäß einem ersten Aspekt ein elektrisches Antriebssystem, mit einer n-phasigen elektrischen Maschine, n>l, welche mindestens zwei mehrphasige Wicklungsstränge aufweist, einem ersten According to a first aspect, the present invention provides an electric drive system with a n-phase electric machine, n> 1, which has at least two polyphase winding strands, a first
Wechselrichter, dessen Ausgangsanschlüsse mit den Phasenanschlüssen eines ersten der mehrphasigen Wicklungsstränge der elektrischen Maschine verbunden sind, einem zweiten, parallel zu dem ersten Wechselrichter geschalteten zweiten Wechselrichter, dessen Ausgangsanschlüsse mit den Phasenanschlüssen eines zweiten der mehrphasigen Wicklungsstränge der elektrischen Maschine verbunden sind, und einer Gleichspannungsquelle, die mit einem ersten Ausgangsanschluss mit einem ersten Eingangsanschluss des ersten Wechselrichters und mit einem zweiten Ausgangsanschluss mit einem ersten Eingangsanschluss des zweiten Wechselrichters verbunden ist, wobei ein zweiter Eingangsanschluss des ersten Wechselrichters und ein zweiter An inverter whose output terminals are connected to the phase terminals of a first one of the multiphase winding phases of the electric machine, a second parallel to the first inverter connected second inverter whose output terminals are connected to the phase terminals of a second of the polyphase winding phases of the electric machine, and a DC voltage source, which is connected to a first input terminal of a first input terminal of the first inverter and a second output terminal to a first input terminal of the second inverter, wherein a second input terminal of the first inverter and a second input terminal of the first inverter
Eingangsanschluss des zweiten Wechselrichters untereinander massefrei verbunden sind, so dass der erste Wechselrichter und der zweite Wechselrichter in Reihenschaltung angeordnet sind. Das Antriebssystem umfasst weiterhin einen ersten Gleichspannungszwischenkreis, welcher zwischen die Input terminal of the second inverter are connected to each other groundless, so that the first inverter and the second inverter are arranged in series. The drive system continues to include a first DC voltage intermediate circuit, which between the
Eingangsanschlüsse des ersten Wechselrichters gekoppelt ist, und einen zweiten Gleichspannungszwischenkreis aufweisen, welcher zwischen die Input terminals of the first inverter is coupled, and have a second DC voltage intermediate circuit, which between the
Eingangsanschlüsse des zweiten Wechselrichters gekoppelt ist. Input terminals of the second inverter is coupled.
Vorteile der Erfindung Advantages of the invention
Eine Idee der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, elektrische Maschinen mithilfe von standardisierten Leistungsbaugruppen, wie etwa Wechselrichtern, beispielsweise in B6-Topologie, anzusteuern. Derartige Wechselrichter sind als standardisierte Modultypen verfügbar, die durch Skaleneffekte kostengünstig zu beschaffen und implementieren sind. Durch die Modularisierung der Leistungsbaugruppen wird die Leistungsfähigkeit des elektrischen Antriebssystems vorteilhafterweise erhöht, ohne dass die Ausführung der elektrischen Maschine oder der einzelnen Leistungsbaugruppen an sich aufwändiger oder kostenintensiver wird. Für alle Leistungsbaugruppen können zudem einfache mechanische Verbindungsmittel vorgesehen werden, durch die die Systemmodule zusammengeschaltet werden können. Außerdem kann eine zentrale Steuereinrichtung, beispielsweise auf einer zentralen Steuerplatine, für alle Leistungsbaugruppen gleichermaßen vorgesehen werden. One idea of the present invention is to control electrical machines by means of standardized power assemblies, such as inverters, for example in B6 topology. Such inverters are available as standardized module types, which are inexpensive to procure and implement by economies of scale. The modularization of the power modules advantageously increases the efficiency of the electric drive system without the implementation of the electrical machine or of the individual power units per se being more expensive or expensive. In addition, simple mechanical connection means can be provided for all power modules, by means of which the system modules can be interconnected. In addition, a central control device, for example, on a central control board, be provided equally for all power assemblies.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen According to one embodiment of the electrical according to the invention
Antriebssystems können der erste und der zweite Wechselrichter jeweils einen dreiphasigen selbstgeführten Wechselrichter aufweisen, der drei symmetrische Halbbrücken aus jeweils zwei Leistungshalbleiterschaltern in Serienschaltung umfasst. Drive system, the first and the second inverter each having a three-phase self-commutated inverter comprising three balanced half-bridges of two power semiconductor switches in series circuit.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Antriebssystems können die Schaltelemente jeweils Leistungshalbleiterschalter, vorzugsweise MOSFET-Schalter oder IGBT-Schalter, aufweisen. Diese Schalter sind besonders belastbar und zuverlässig anzusteuern. According to a further embodiment of the electric drive system according to the invention, the switching elements may each comprise power semiconductor switches, preferably MOSFET switches or IGBT switches. These switches are particularly durable and reliable to control.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Antriebssystems kann das Antriebssystem weiterhin eine Steuereinrichtung aufweisen, welche dazu ausgelegt ist, die Leistungshalbleiterschalter des ersten Wechselrichters und des zweiten Wechselrichters anzusteuern, wobei die Steuereinrichtung auf einer zentralen Steuerplatine für den ersten Wechselrichter und den zweiten Wechselrichter angeordnet ist. According to a further embodiment of the electric drive system according to the invention, the drive system may further comprise a control device which is adapted to the power semiconductor switches of the first Inverter and the second inverter to control, wherein the control device is arranged on a central control board for the first inverter and the second inverter.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Antriebssystems kann die Gleichspannungsquelle eine Vielzahl von in Reihe geschalteten Batteriemodulen aufweisen. According to a further embodiment of the electric drive system according to the invention, the DC voltage source can have a multiplicity of battery modules connected in series.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Antriebssystems kann das Antriebssystem weiterhin einen parallel zu dem ersten Wechselrichter geschalteten dritten Wechselrichter, dessen Eingangsanschlüsse jeweils mit Eingangsanschlüssen des ersten Wechselrichters gekoppelt sind, und einen parallel zu dem zweiten Wechselrichter geschalteten vierten According to a further embodiment of the electric drive system according to the invention, the drive system may further comprise a third inverter connected in parallel to the first inverter, whose input terminals are respectively coupled to input terminals of the first inverter, and a fourth connected in parallel to the second inverter
Wechselrichter aufweisen, dessen Eingangsanschlüsse jeweils mit Inverters having their input terminals each with
Eingangsanschlüssen des zweiten Wechselrichters gekoppelt sind. Dabei kann das Antriebssystem gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform weiterhin einen dritten Gleichspannungszwischenkreis, welcher zwischen die Input terminals of the second inverter are coupled. In this case, the drive system according to a further embodiment, a third DC voltage intermediate circuit, which between the
Eingangsanschlüsse des dritten Wechselrichters gekoppelt ist, und einen vierten Gleichspannungszwischenkreis, welcher zwischen die Eingangsanschlüsse des vierten Wechselrichters gekoppelt ist, umfassen. Input terminals of the third inverter is coupled, and a fourth DC link, which is coupled between the input terminals of the fourth inverter include.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile von Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung mit Bezug auf die beigefügten Further features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the attached
Zeichnungen. Drawings.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Es zeigen: Brief description of the drawings In the drawings:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines beispielhaften konventionellen elektrischen Antriebssystems; Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an exemplary conventional electric drive system;
Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines elektrischen Antriebssystems gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung; und Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines elektrischen Antriebssystems gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electric drive system according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. and Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of an electric drive system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnen im Allgemeinen gleichartige oder gleich wirkende Komponenten. Die in den Figuren gezeigten schematischen Like reference numerals generally designate like or equivalent components. The schematic shown in the figures
Darstellungen sind nur beispielhafter Natur, die aus Gründen der Representations are only exemplary in nature, for the sake of
Übersichtlichkeit idealisiert abgebildet sind. Es versteht sich, dass die Clarity idealized are shown. It is understood that the
dargestellten Komponenten lediglich zur Veranschaulichung von Prinzipien und funktionellen Aspekten der vorliegenden Erfindung dienen. illustrated components are merely illustrative of principles and functional aspects of the present invention.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines elektrischen Antriebssystems 20 mit einer sechsphasigen elektrischen Maschine 6, welche beispielsweise eine geschaltete Reluktanzmaschine oder eine Drehfeldmaschine sein kann. Die elektrische Maschine 6 weist zwei dreiphasige Wicklungsstränge 6a und 6b auf, die in ihrem Sternpunkt miteinander gekoppelt sein können. Das elektrische Antriebssystem 20 weist zudem ein Wechselrichtersystem aus mindestens einem ersten Wechselrichter 3a und und einem zweiten Wechselrichter 3b auf. Dabei speist der erste Wechselrichter 3a an seinen Ausgangsanschlüssen den ersten dreiphasigen Wicklungsstrang 6a der elektrischen Maschine 6. Der zweite Wechselrichter 3b speist an seinen Ausgangsanschlüssen den zweiten dreiphasigen Wicklungsstrang 6b der elektrischen Maschine 6. FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an electric drive system 20 with a six-phase electrical machine 6, which may be, for example, a switched reluctance machine or a rotating field machine. The electric machine 6 has two three-phase winding strands 6a and 6b, which can be coupled together in their neutral point. The electric drive system 20 also has an inverter system comprising at least a first inverter 3a and a second inverter 3b. In this case, the first inverter 3a feeds the first three-phase winding branch 6a of the electric machine 6 at its output terminals. The second inverter 3b feeds the second three-phase winding branch 6b of the electrical machine 6 at its output terminals.
Die Wechselrichter 3a und 3b weisen dabei jeweils eine B6-Vollbrückentopologie auf, das heißt, jeder der Wechselrichter weist einen dreiphasigen selbstgeführten Wechselrichter auf, der drei symmetrische Halbbrücken aus jeweils zwei Leistungshalbleiterschaltern Hl und H2, H3 und H4 bzw. H5 und H6 in The inverters 3a and 3b each have a B6 full-bridge topology, that is, each of the inverters has a three-phase self-commutated inverter, the three symmetrical half-bridges of two power semiconductor switches Hl and H2, H3 and H4 or H5 and H6 in
Serienschaltung umfasst. Die Leistungshalbleiterschalter können beispielsweise MOSFET-Schalter oder IGBT-Schalter sein. Es ist dabei jedoch auch möglich, jede andere Art von Schaltelementen als Schalter Hl bis H6 zu verwenden und dabei parallel zu jedem Schaltelement Hl bis H6 eine Freilaufdiode zu schalten. Series connection includes. The power semiconductor switches may be, for example, MOSFET switches or IGBT switches. However, it is also possible to use any other type of switching elements as switches Hl to H6 and to switch parallel to each switching element Hl to H6 a freewheeling diode.
Der erste Wechselrichter 3a und der zweite Wechselrichter 3b können dabei entweder als separate Wechselrichtereinheiten oder auch in einem The first inverter 3a and the second inverter 3b can either as a separate inverter units or in a
gemeinsamen Wechselrichtermodul implementiert sein. In letzterem Fall kann ein einziges Wechselrichtermodul mit sechs symmetrischen Halbbrücken vorgesehen werden, dass in entsprechender Weise mit der elektrischen be implemented common inverter module. In the latter case, a single inverter module with six symmetrical half-bridges be provided that in a similar manner with the electric
Maschine 6 gekoppelt wird. Für die Ansteuerung der Leistungshalbleiterschalter Hl bis H6 kann eine (nicht explizit dargestellte) Steuereinrichtung eingesetzt werden, welche beispielsweise auf einer gemeinsamen Steuerplatine Machine 6 is coupled. For the control of the power semiconductor switches Hl to H6, a (not explicitly shown) control device can be used, which, for example, on a common control board
implementiert werden kann. can be implemented.
Die Wechselrichter 3a und 3b müssen jeweils aus einem The inverters 3a and 3b must each consist of a
Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 2a bzw. 2b gespeist werden. In dem elektrischen Antriebssystem 20 ist eine gemeinsame Gleichspannungsquelle 1,  DC intermediate circuit 2a and 2b are fed. In the electric drive system 20 is a common DC voltage source 1,
beispielsweise eine Traktionsbatterie eines Elektrofahrzeugs zur Versorgung beider Gleichspannungszwischenkreise 2a und 2b mit elektrischer For example, a traction battery of an electric vehicle for supplying both DC voltage intermediate circuits 2a and 2b with electrical
Gleichspannung vorgesehen. Die Gleichspannungsquelle 1 kann dazu beispielsweise eine Serienschaltung aus Batteriemodulen 5 aufweisen, deren Anzahl in Fig. 2 nur beispielhaft mit 3 dargestellt ist - jede andere Anzahl an Batteriemodulen 5 kann ebenso möglich sein. Weiterhin ist klar, dass auch die Anzahl der Phasen der Wechselrichter 3a und 3b von der in Fig. 2 dargestellten beispielhaften Anzahl von drei abweichen kann, je nach erforderlicher Anzahl der Phasen der Wicklungsstränge 6a und 6b der elektrischen Maschine 6, deren Phasenanzahl jede beliebige Zahl annehmen kann. Ebenso ist es möglich, mehr als zwei Wechselrichter 3a und 3b parallel zu schalten, insbesondere wenn die elektrische Maschine 6 mehr als zwei mehrphasige Wicklungsstränge 6a und 6b aufweist. Dazu kann jeder der Wechselrichter einem der mehrphasigen DC voltage provided. For this purpose, the DC voltage source 1 may, for example, have a series connection of battery modules 5, the number of which is shown by way of example in FIG. 2 as 3 - any other number of battery modules 5 may also be possible. Furthermore, it is clear that also the number of phases of the inverters 3a and 3b may differ from the exemplary number of three shown in FIG. 2, depending on the required number of phases of the phase windings 6a and 6b of the electric machine 6 whose phase number is any number can accept. It is also possible to connect more than two inverters 3a and 3b in parallel, in particular if the electric machine 6 has more than two polyphase winding strands 6a and 6b. For this purpose, each of the inverters one of the multi-phase
Wicklungsstränge zugeordnet und mit selbigem elektrisch verbunden werden. Winding strands are assigned and electrically connected with selbigem.
Die Gleichspannungsquelle 1 ist dabei mit jeweils einem ihrer zwei The DC voltage source 1 is in each case one of its two
Ausgangsanschlüsse mit jeweils einem Eingangsanschluss der beiden Output terminals each having one input terminal of the two
Wechselrichter 3a und 3b verbunden. Die jeweils anderen Eingangsanschlüsse der beiden Wechselrichter 3a und 3b sind untereinander massefrei verbunden, so dass die Wechselrichter 3a und 3b in Reihenschaltung angeordnet sind. Inverters 3a and 3b connected. The respective other input terminals of the two inverters 3a and 3b are connected to each other groundless, so that the inverters 3a and 3b are arranged in series.
Dabei wird für die Gleichspannungsquelle 1 kein Mittelabgriff benötigt. In this case, no center tap is required for the DC voltage source 1.
Durch die Verschaltung von prinzipiell gleichartigen Wechselrichtern 3a und 3b in Reihe kann die Leistungsfähigkeit des elektrischen Antriebssystems 20 bei einer Beibehaltung des gewünschten Ausgangsspannungslevels erheblich gesteigert werden. Die mittlere Spannungsebene zwischen den beiden Wechselrichtern 3a und 3b kann dabei in geeigneter Weise über die Steuereinrichtung des By interconnecting principally similar inverters 3a and 3b in series, the performance of the electric drive system 20 can be significantly increased while maintaining the desired output voltage level. The average voltage level between the two inverters 3a and 3b can in a suitable manner via the control device of the
Wechselrichtersystems symmetriert werden. Dadurch muss die Inverter system can be symmetrized. This requires the
Stromtragfähigkeit der Leistungshalbleiterschalter Hl bis H6 der Wechselrichter 3a und 3b gegenüber herkömmlichen Leistungshalbleiterschaltern Hl bis H6 nicht erhöht werden. Zudem kann durch die Modularisierung ein redundantesCurrent carrying capacity of the power semiconductor switches Hl to H6 of the inverters 3a and 3b compared to conventional power semiconductor switches Hl to H6 can not be increased. In addition, due to the modularization a redundant
System geschaffen werden, in dem im Fehlerfall eines einzelnen Wechselrichters 3a bzw. 3b eine Notbetriebsfunktion mit eingeschränkter Leistungsfähigkeit eingerichtet werden kann. Dazu kann der defekte oder fehlerhafte Teil des Wechselrichtersystems deaktiviert und durch geeignete Umgehungsschalter in der Reihenschaltung der Wechselrichter überbrückt bzw. umgangen werden, und die elektrische Maschine 6 wird zumindest temporär durch die übrigen Be created system in which in case of failure of a single inverter 3a and 3b, an emergency operation function with limited performance can be established. For this purpose, the defective or defective part of the inverter system can be disabled and bypassed by appropriate bypass switch in the series circuit of the inverter or bypassed, and the electric machine 6 is at least temporarily by the rest
Wechselrichterteile mit reduzierter Leistung versorgt. Inverter parts supplied with reduced power.
Fig. 3 zeigt eine Weiterbildung des elektrischen Antriebssystems 20 der Fig. 2. In Fig. 3 können zwei oder mehr Wechselrichter 3a und 3c bzw. 3b und 3d in jedem der in Reihe geschalteten Wechselrichterteilsysteme des Wechselrichtersystems parallel geschaltet werden. Dadurch können mehrere Wechselrichter 3a und 3c bzw. 3b und 3d pro Spannungsebene implementiert werden, die beispielsweise versetzt getaktet werden können, um Spannungs- und/oder Stromschwankungen („ripple") in den Phasenspannungen bzw. den Phasenströmen, die in die elektrische Maschine 6 eingespeist werden, zu verringern. Jeder der Fig. 3 shows a development of the electric drive system 20 of Fig. 2. In Fig. 3, two or more inverters 3a and 3c, and 3b and 3d, respectively, may be connected in parallel in each of the series-connected inverter subsystems of the inverter system. As a result, a plurality of inverters 3a and 3c or 3b and 3d per voltage level can be implemented, which can be staggered, for example, in order to reduce voltage and / or current fluctuations ("ripple") in the phase voltages or the phase currents entering the electrical machine 6 Each of the
Wechselrichter 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d wird eingangsseitig über einen eigenen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 2a, 2b, 2c und 2d stabilisiert. Weiterhin speist jeder der Wechselrichter 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d einen dreiphasigen Wicklungsstrang 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d der elektrischen Maschine. Im Beispiel der Fig. 3 ist die elektrische Maschine 6 daher eine zwölfphasige Maschine. Inverters 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are stabilized on the input side via their own DC voltage intermediate circuit 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d. Further, each of the inverters 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d feeds a three-phase winding string 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d of the electric machine. In the example of FIG. 3, the electric machine 6 is therefore a twelve-phase machine.
Die Anzahl der Spannungsebenen sowie die Anzahl der Wechselrichter 3a und 3c bzw. 3b und 3d pro Spannungsebene sind in Fig. 3 nur beispielhaft mit jeweils zwei dargestellt - es ist ohne weiteres möglich, mehr als zwei Spannungsebenen bzw. mehr als zwei Wechselrichter pro Spannungsebene zu implementieren. Dazu kann bei mehr als zwei Spannungsebenen gegebenenfalls ein Mittelabgriff der Gleichspannungsquelle 1 zwischen zwei Untergruppen der Batteriemodule 5 genutzt werden, um die massefreien Spannungszwischenebenen zwischen den jeweils in Reihe liegenden Eingangsanschlüssen der einzelnen Wechselrichtergruppen pro Spannungsebene zu stabilisieren. The number of voltage levels as well as the number of inverters 3a and 3c or 3b and 3d per voltage level are shown in FIG. 3 only by way of example with two each - it is readily possible to supply more than two voltage levels or more than two inverters per voltage level to implement. For this purpose, at more than two voltage levels, if appropriate, a center tap of the DC voltage source 1 between two sub-groups of the battery modules 5 can be used to connect the ground-free intermediate voltage planes between the two to stabilize in each case in series input terminals of the individual inverter groups per voltage level.
Die einzelnen Wechselrichter 3a und 3c bzw. 3b und 3d müssen nur auf einen Bruchteil der gesamten Gleichspannung der Gleichspannungsquelle 1 ausgelegt werden, je nach Anzahl der verwendeten Spannungszwischenebenen. Dadruch können auch Standardleistungsbaugruppen für hohe Ausgangsspannungen der Gleichspannungsquelle 1 genutzt werden. The individual inverters 3a and 3c or 3b and 3d need only be designed for a fraction of the total DC voltage of the DC voltage source 1, depending on the number of voltage intermediate levels used. By virtue of this, standard power modules for high output voltages of the DC voltage source 1 can also be used.
In dem gezeigten Antriebssystem 20 der Fig. 2 bis 3 kann die elektrische Maschine 6 beispielsweise eine Synchron- oder Asynchronmaschine, eine Reluktanzmaschine oder ein bürstenloser Gleichstrommotor (BLDC,„brushless DC motor") sein. Es kann dabei auch möglich sein, das elektrische 2 to 3, the electric machine 6 can be, for example, a synchronous or asynchronous machine, a reluctance machine or a brushless DC motor (BLDC)
Antriebssystem 20 der Fig. 2 bis 3 in stationären Systemen einzusetzen, beispielsweise in Kraftwerken, in elektrischen Energiegewinnungsanlagen wie zum Beispiel Windkraftan lagen, Photovoltaikanlagen oder Drive system 20 of Fig. 2 to 3 in stationary systems use, for example, in power plants, electrical power plants such as wind turbines, photovoltaic systems or
Kraftwärmekopplungsanlagen, in Energiespeicheranlagen wie zum Beispiel Druckluftspeicherkraftwerken, Batteriespeicherkraftwerken, Combined Heat and Power plants, in energy storage facilities such as compressed air storage power plants, battery storage power plants,
Schwungradspeichern, Pumpspeichern oder ähnlichen Systemen. Eine weitere Einsatzmöglichkeit des elektrischen Antriebssystems 20 der Fig. 2 bis 3 sind Personen- oder Gütertransportfahrzeuge, welche zur Fortbewegung auf oder unter dem Wasser ausgelegt sind, beispielsweise Schiffe, Motorboote oder dergleichen. Flywheel accumulators, pumped storage or similar systems. Another possible use of the electric drive system 20 of FIGS. 2 to 3 are passenger or freight vehicles, which are designed for locomotion on or under the water, such as ships, motor boats or the like.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Elektrisches Antriebssystem (20), mit: 1. Electric drive system (20), with:
einer n-phasigen elektrischen Maschine (6), n>l, welche mindestens zwei mehrphasige Wicklungsstränge (6a, 6b) aufweist; an n-phase electric machine (6), n> l, which has at least two multi-phase winding strands (6a, 6b);
einem ersten Wechselrichter (3a), dessen Ausgangsanschlüsse mit den Phasenanschlüssen eines ersten der mehrphasigen Wicklungsstränge (6a, 6b) der elektrischen Maschine (6) verbunden sind; a first inverter (3a) whose output terminals are connected to the phase terminals of a first one of the multi-phase phase windings (6a, 6b) of the electrical machine (6);
einem zweiten Wechselrichter (3b), dessen Ausgangsanschlüsse mit den Phasenanschlüssen eines zweiten der mehrphasigen Wicklungsstränge (6a, 6b) der elektrischen Maschine (6) verbunden sind; a second inverter (3b) whose output terminals are connected to the phase terminals of a second one of the multi-phase phase windings (6a, 6b) of the electric machine (6);
einer Gleichspannungsquelle (1), die mit einem ersten Ausgangsanschluss mit einem ersten Eingangsanschluss des ersten Wechselrichters (3a) und mit einem zweiten Ausgangsanschluss mit einem ersten Eingangsanschluss des zweiten Wechselrichters (3b) verbunden ist; a DC power source (1) having a first output terminal connected to a first input terminal of the first inverter (3a) and a second output terminal connected to a first input terminal of the second inverter (3b);
einem ersten Gleichspannungszwischenkreis (2a), welcher zwischen die Eingangsanschlüsse des ersten Wechselrichters (3a) gekoppelt ist; und einem zweiten Gleichspannungszwischenkreis (2b), welcher zwischen die Eingangsanschlüsse des zweiten Wechselrichters (3b) gekoppelt ist, wobei ein zweiter Eingangsanschluss des ersten Wechselrichters (3a) und ein zweiter Eingangsanschluss des zweiten Wechselrichters (3b) untereinander massefrei verbunden sind, so dass der erste Wechselrichter (3a) und der zweite Wechselrichter (3b) in Reihenschaltung angeordnet sind. a first DC link (2a) coupled between the input terminals of the first inverter (3a); and a second DC intermediate circuit (2b) which is coupled between the input terminals of the second inverter (3b), wherein a second input terminal of the first inverter (3a) and a second input terminal of the second inverter (3b) are connected to each other without ground, so that the first Inverter (3a) and the second inverter (3b) are arranged in series.
2. Elektrisches Antriebssystem (20) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der erste und der zweite Wechselrichter (3a, 3b) jeweils einen dreiphasigen selbstgeführten Wechselrichter aufweisen, der drei symmetrische Halbbrücken aus jeweils zwei Leistungshalbleiterschaltern (Hl, H2; H3, H4; H5, H6) in Serienschaltung umfasst. An electric drive system (20) according to claim 1, wherein said first and second inverters (3a, 3b) each comprise a three-phase self-commutated inverter comprising three balanced half-bridges each of two power semiconductor switches (H1, H2; H3, H4; H5, H6 ) in series connection.
3. Elektrisches Antriebssystem (20) nach Anspruch 2, wobei die 3. Electric drive system (20) according to claim 2, wherein the
Leistungshalbleiterschalter (Hl, H2; H3, H4; H5, H6) MOSFET-Schalter oder IGBT-Schalter aufweisen. Power semiconductor switches (Hl, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6) have MOSFET switches or IGBT switches.
4. Elektrisches Antriebssystem (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 3, weiterhin mit: The electric drive system (20) of any one of claims 2 to 3, further comprising:
einer Steuereinrichtung, welche dazu ausgelegt ist, die a control device, which is designed to, the
Leistungshalbleiterschalter (Hl, H2; H3, H4; H5, H6) des ersten Wechselrichters (3a) und des zweiten Wechselrichters (3b) anzusteuern,  Power semiconductor switches (H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6) of the first inverter (3a) and the second inverter (3b),
wobei die Steuereinrichtung auf einer zentralen Steuerplatine für den ersten Wechselrichter (3a) und den zweiten Wechselrichter (3b) angeordnet ist. wherein the control means is arranged on a central control board for the first inverter (3a) and the second inverter (3b).
5. Elektrisches Antriebssystem (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Gleichspannungsquelle (1) eine Vielzahl von in Reihe geschalteten Batteriemodulen (5) aufweisen. 5. An electric drive system (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the DC voltage source (1) comprises a plurality of series-connected battery modules (5).
6. Elektrisches Antriebssystem (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, weiterhin mit: The electric drive system (20) of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:
mindestens einem parallel zu dem ersten Wechselrichter (3a) geschalteten dritten Wechselrichter (3c), dessen Eingangsanschlüsse jeweils mit at least one parallel to the first inverter (3a) connected to the third inverter (3c), whose input terminals each with
Eingangsanschlüssen des ersten Wechselrichters (3a) gekoppelt sind; und mindestens einem parallel zu dem zweiten Wechselrichter (3b) geschalteten vierten Wechselrichter (3d), dessen Eingangsanschlüsse jeweils mit Input terminals of the first inverter (3a) are coupled; and at least one parallel to the second inverter (3b) connected fourth inverter (3d), whose input terminals each with
Eingangsanschlüssen des zweiten Wechselrichters (3b). Input terminals of the second inverter (3b).
7. Elektrisches Antriebssystem (20) nach Anspruch 5, weiterhin mit: 7. The electric drive system (20) of claim 5, further comprising:
mindestens einem dritten Gleichspannungszwischenkreis (2c), welcher zwischen die Eingangsanschlüsse des dritten Wechselrichters (3c) gekoppelt ist; und mindestens einem vierten Gleichspannungszwischenkreis (2d), welcher zwischen die Eingangsanschlüsse des vierten Wechselrichters (3d) gekoppelt ist. at least a third DC intermediate circuit (2c) coupled between the input terminals of the third inverter (3c); and at least one fourth DC link (2d) coupled between the input terminals of the fourth inverter (3d).
PCT/EP2015/050209 2014-02-27 2015-01-08 Electric drive system WO2015128102A1 (en)

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