WO2015140994A1 - 熱源側ユニット及び空気調和装置 - Google Patents
熱源側ユニット及び空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015140994A1 WO2015140994A1 PCT/JP2014/057808 JP2014057808W WO2015140994A1 WO 2015140994 A1 WO2015140994 A1 WO 2015140994A1 JP 2014057808 W JP2014057808 W JP 2014057808W WO 2015140994 A1 WO2015140994 A1 WO 2015140994A1
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- refrigerant
- heat source
- source side
- gas
- side unit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/005—Outdoor unit expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/006—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for two pipes connecting the outdoor side to the indoor side with multiple indoor units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0231—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units with simultaneous cooling and heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/025—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units
- F25B2313/0253—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units in parallel arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/0272—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using bridge circuits of one-way valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/029—Control issues
- F25B2313/0292—Control issues related to reversing valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/029—Control issues
- F25B2313/0294—Control issues related to the outdoor fan, e.g. controlling speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0314—Temperature sensors near the indoor heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/23—Separators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat source side unit and the like capable of performing an operation (hereinafter referred to as a cooling / heating mixed operation) in which a cooling operation or a heating operation is performed in each of a plurality of indoor units (load side units).
- a cooling / heating mixed operation capable of performing an operation (hereinafter referred to as a cooling / heating mixed operation) in which a cooling operation or a heating operation is performed in each of a plurality of indoor units (load side units).
- the dryness of the refrigerant flowing into the heat source side unit varies depending on the operation capacity and the cooling / heating ratio. Therefore, in the refrigerant, the ratio of the gaseous refrigerant (gas refrigerant) and the liquid refrigerant (liquid refrigerant) has changed, but the entire amount of refrigerant has flowed to the outdoor heat exchanger. Since the pressure loss in the outdoor heat exchanger increases with the flow rate of refrigerant flowing through the outdoor heat exchanger, the pressure loss in the outdoor heat exchanger increases and the compressor suction density decreases as the amount of refrigerant increases. To do. When the suction density of the compressor decreases, the drive frequency increases in order to maintain the flow rate in order to achieve the same ability. Therefore, as a result, there is a problem that power consumption increases and the energy saving effect of operation in the entire apparatus is reduced.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a heat source side unit or the like that can suppress power consumption by reducing pressure loss in a refrigerant circuit. .
- a heat source side unit is a heat source side unit that configures a refrigerant circuit by pipe connection with a load side unit that supplies capacity to a load, and includes a compressor that compresses and discharges a refrigerant, and an evaporator
- a heat source side heat exchanger that functions as a radiator, and a liquid refrigerant outlet that separates the inflowing refrigerant into a liquid refrigerant and a gaseous refrigerant, and the liquid refrigerant flows out
- the heat source side heat exchanger is an evaporator
- the gas-liquid separator connected to the refrigerant inflow side pipe, the gas refrigerant outlet through which the gaseous refrigerant flows out in the gas-liquid separator, and the refrigerant outflow when the heat source side heat exchanger functions as an evaporator
- a bypass pipe for connecting the pipe on the side and a throttle device for controlling the passage of the refrigerant in the bypass pipe.
- the heat source side unit includes a gas-liquid separator, a bypass pipe, and a throttling device, and bypasses the refrigerant that does not need to pass through the outdoor heat exchanger serving as an evaporator, so that the low-pressure channel
- FIG. 1 and the following drawings the same reference numerals denote the same or corresponding parts, and are common to the whole text of the embodiments described below.
- the form of the component represented by the whole specification is an illustration to the last, Comprising: It does not limit to the form described in the specification.
- the combination of the components is not limited to the combination in each embodiment, and the components described in the other embodiments can be applied to another embodiment.
- the subscripts may be omitted.
- the size relationship of each component may be different from the actual one.
- the level of temperature, pressure, etc. is not particularly determined in relation to absolute values, but is relatively determined in the state, operation, etc. of the system, apparatus, and the like.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a refrigerant circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Based on FIG. 1, the refrigerant circuit structure of the air conditioning apparatus 500 is demonstrated.
- the air conditioner 500 is installed in, for example, a building, a condominium, etc., and can perform a cooling and heating mixed operation using a refrigeration cycle (heat pump cycle) for circulating a refrigerant.
- a refrigeration cycle heat pump cycle
- the air conditioner 500 includes a heat source side unit 100, a plurality of (two in FIG. 1) load side units 300 (load side units 300a and 300b), and a refrigerant control unit 200.
- the refrigerant control unit 200 is installed between the heat source side unit 100 and the load side unit 300, and each load side unit 300 can select and execute cooling or heating by switching the flow of the refrigerant.
- the heat source side unit 100 and the refrigerant control unit 200 are connected by two pipes (a high pressure pipe 402 and a low pressure pipe 401), and the refrigerant control unit 200 and the load side unit 300 are two.
- the refrigerant control unit 200 and the load side unit 300 are two.
- are connected to each other liquid pipe 406 (liquid pipes 406a and 406b) and gas pipe 405 (gas pipes 405a and 405b)) to form a refrigeration cycle.
- the heat source side unit 100 has a function of supplying cold or warm heat to the load side unit 300.
- the heat source unit 100 includes a compressor 101, a four-way switching valve 102 that is a flow path switching device, a heat source side heat exchanger 103, and an accumulator 104. These devices are connected in series to constitute a part of the main refrigerant circuit. Further, the heat source side unit 100 includes a check valve 108, a check valve 109, a check valve 110, a check valve 111, a check valve 112, a check valve 113, a check valve 114, a check valve 115, a first valve.
- the connecting pipe 120, the second connecting pipe 121, the third connecting pipe 122, the fourth connecting pipe 123, and the fifth connecting pipe 124 are mounted.
- coolant control unit 200 can be made into a fixed direction.
- the second connection pipe 121 and the fifth connection pipe 124 are connected via a gas-liquid separator 116, and the sixth connection pipe 125 is an accumulator 104 as a gas-side outflow pipe of the gas-liquid separator 116 serving as a bypass pipe.
- An expansion device 117 for adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant is provided on the sixth connection pipe 125.
- the heat source unit 100 is equipped with an on-off valve 105 (an on-off valve 105a and an on-off valve 105b), a check valve 107, and a heat source side fan 106.
- the compressor 101 sucks in a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant, compresses the refrigerant, and circulates the refrigerant in the system as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant, thereby causing an operation related to air conditioning.
- the compressor 101 may be composed of, for example, an inverter type compressor whose capacity can be controlled.
- the compressor 101 is not limited to an inverter type compressor capable of capacity control.
- it may be constituted by a constant speed type compressor, a compressor combined with an inverter type and a constant speed type, or the like.
- the four-way switching valve 102 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 101 and has a refrigerant flow path during cooling operation (all cooling operation mode or cooling main operation mode) and during heating operation (all heating operation mode or heating main operation mode). Is switched. And the flow of a refrigerant
- the heat source side heat exchanger 103 (the heat source side heat exchanger 103a and the heat source side heat exchanger 103b) performs heat exchange between the heat medium (for example, ambient air, water, etc.) and the refrigerant. During heating operation, it functions as an evaporator to evaporate and gasify the refrigerant. In cooling operation, the refrigerant functions as a condenser (heat radiator) to condense and liquefy the refrigerant. If the heat source side heat exchanger 103 is an air-cooled heat exchanger as in the present embodiment, it has a blower such as the heat source side fan 106.
- the heat medium for example, ambient air, water, etc.
- control device 118 to be described later controls the condensing capacity or evaporating capacity of the heat source side heat exchanger 103 by controlling the rotation speed of the heat source side fan 106. Further, if the heat source side heat exchanger 103 is a water-cooled heat exchanger, the condensing capacity or evaporation capacity of the heat source side heat exchanger 103 is controlled by controlling the rotation speed of a water circulation pump (not shown).
- the accumulator 104 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 101, and has a function of separating liquid refrigerant and gas refrigerant and a function of storing surplus refrigerant.
- the first connection pipe 120 is a pipe connecting the high pressure pipe 402 on the downstream side of the check valve 113 and the low pressure pipe 401 on the downstream side of the check valve 112.
- the fifth connection pipe 124 is a pipe that connects the second connection pipe 121 and the low-pressure pipe 401 via the gas-liquid separator 116.
- the refrigerant flowing from the refrigerant control unit 200 mainly passes during the heating operation.
- the relative positions of the components may be different from the actual ones.
- the gas-liquid separator 116 is provided at a position higher than the lower part of the low-pressure pipe 401.
- the sixth connection pipe 125 is connected to the suction side of the compressor 101 (the inflow side of the accumulator 104 and the secondary side (refrigerant outflow side) of the heat source side heat exchanger 103) and the gas-liquid separator 116 via the expansion device 117. It is piping which connects the gas side outflow part.
- the second connection pipe 121 is a pipe that connects the high-pressure pipe 402 on the upstream side of the check valve 113 and the liquid-side outflow portion of the gas-liquid separator 116.
- the gas-liquid separator 116 separates liquid refrigerant and gas refrigerant.
- the gas-liquid separator 116 has a liquid side outflow portion and a gas side outflow portion.
- the liquid side outflow portion is connected to the second connection pipe 121.
- the gas side outflow portion is connected to the inflow side of the accumulator 104 through the expansion device 117 by the sixth connection pipe 125 as described above.
- the expansion device 117 controls the amount of refrigerant passing through the sixth connection pipe 125. By controlling the amount of refrigerant passing through the sixth connection pipe 125, the amount of refrigerant passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 103 can be controlled.
- the expansion device 117 is configured by an electronic expansion valve or the like that can adjust the opening degree based on an instruction from the control device 118, for example.
- the expansion device 117 may have a fixed opening.
- the apparatus may be configured by combining two or more fixed diaphragms or a fixed diaphragm and a variable diaphragm.
- a joining part of the second connection pipe 121 and the high-pressure pipe 402 is defined as a joining part a.
- a joining part between the first connection pipe 120 and the high-pressure pipe 402 is defined as a joining part b (downstream side from the joining part a).
- a junction between the fifth connection pipe 124 and the low-pressure pipe 401 is defined as a junction c.
- pressure piping 401 be the confluence
- the gas-liquid separator 116 may be installed on the low-pressure pipe 401 without providing the fifth connection pipe 124.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 103 works as a condenser if it is installed on a pipe branched from the low-pressure pipe 401 and connected to the junction part a (during cooling operation)
- the pressure drop on the low pressure side due to the pressure loss in the gas-liquid separator 116 can be suppressed.
- the check valve 112 is provided between the merging portion c and the merging portion d, and allows the refrigerant to flow only in the direction from the refrigerant control unit 200 to the heat source side unit 100.
- the check valve 113 is provided between the merging part a and the merging part b, and allows the refrigerant to flow only in the direction from the heat source side unit 100 to the refrigerant control unit 200.
- the check valve 115 is provided in the first connection pipe 120 and allows the refrigerant to flow only in the direction from the joining part d to the joining part b.
- the check valve 114 is provided in the second connection pipe 121 and allows the refrigerant to flow only in the direction from the junction c to the junction a.
- the third connection pipe 122 connects the high-pressure pipe 402 on the downstream side of the check valve 109 and the connection pipe 403 on the downstream side of the check valve 108.
- the fourth connection pipe 123 connects the connection pipe 404 on the upstream side of the check valve 109 and the connection pipe 403 on the upstream side of the check valve 108.
- a joining part of the fourth connecting pipe 123 and the connecting pipe 404 is a joining part e.
- the joining portion of the fourth connection pipe 123 and the high-pressure pipe 402 is defined as a joining portion f (downstream from the joining portion e).
- a joining part between the fourth connecting pipe 123 and the connecting pipe 403 is defined as a joining part g.
- a junction between the third connection pipe 122 and the connection pipe 404 is defined as a junction h (downstream from the junction g).
- the junction part of the 6th connection piping 125 and the suction side piping of the accumulator 104 is made into the junction part i.
- the check valve 108 is provided between the merging portion g and the merging portion h, and allows the refrigerant to flow only in the direction from the four-way switching valve 102 to the heat source side heat exchanger 103.
- the check valve 109 is provided between the merging portion e and the merging portion f, and allows the refrigerant to flow only in the direction from the heat source side heat exchanger 103 to the refrigerant control unit 200.
- the check valve 107 is provided between the heat source side heat exchanger 103 a and the check valve 109, and allows the refrigerant to flow only in the direction from the heat source side heat exchanger 103 a to the check valve 109.
- the on-off valves 105a and 105b are provided upstream of the heat source side heat exchangers 103a and 103b, and the refrigerant is not allowed to pass therethrough by being controlled on and off.
- the flow of the refrigerant to the heat source side heat exchangers 103a and 103b is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the on-off valve 105a.
- the heat source side unit 100 includes a high pressure sensor 141 that detects the pressure (high pressure) of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 101.
- a low pressure sensor 142 that detects the pressure (low pressure) of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 101 is provided.
- the high pressure sensor 141 and the low pressure sensor 142 send a signal related to the detected pressure to the control device 118 that controls the operation of the air conditioning apparatus 500.
- the control device 118 performs the drive frequency of the compressor 101, the rotational speed of the blower, the switching control of the four-way switching valve 102, and the like based on the high pressure and the low pressure.
- the control device 118 controls the air conditioner 500 with a focus on equipment included in the heat source side unit 100.
- the control device 118 is composed of, for example, a microcomputer.
- control arithmetic processing means such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- storage means not shown
- a control arithmetic processing means performs the process based on the data of a program, and implement
- the control device 118 is installed in the heat source side unit 100, but the installation location is not limited as long as it can control devices and the like.
- the refrigerant control unit 200 is interposed between the heat source side unit 100 and the load side unit 300, and switches the flow of the refrigerant according to the operating state of the load side unit 300.
- “a” or “b” is added after symbols of some devices included in the refrigerant control unit 200. This indicates whether it is connected to “load side unit 300a” or “load side unit 300b” described later.
- the suffix “a” or “b” added after the reference numeral may be omitted. When omitted, the description includes the case of any device connected to the “load-side unit 300a” or the “load-side unit 300b”.
- the refrigerant control unit 200 is connected to each of the heat source side units 100 by a high pressure pipe 402 and a low pressure pipe 401, and is connected to each of the load side units 300 by a liquid pipe 406 and a gas pipe 405.
- the refrigerant control unit 200 includes a gas-liquid separator 211, a first on-off valve 212 (first on-off valves 212a and 212b), a second on-off valve 213 (second on-off valves 213a and 213b), and a first throttle device. 214, the 2nd expansion device 215, the 1st refrigerant
- the refrigerant control unit 200 has a connection in which a pipe on the downstream side of the primary side of the second refrigerant heat exchanger 217 (the side on which the refrigerant flows via the first expansion device 214 flows) is branched and connected to the low-pressure pipe 401.
- a pipe 220 is provided.
- the gas-liquid separator 211 is provided in the high-pressure pipe 402 and has a function of separating the two-phase refrigerant flowing through the high-pressure pipe 402 into a gas refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant.
- the gas refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator 211 is supplied to the first on-off valve 212 via the connection pipe 221 and the liquid refrigerant is supplied to the first refrigerant heat exchanger 216, respectively.
- the first on-off valve 212 is for controlling the supply of the refrigerant to the load side unit 300 for each operation mode, and is provided between the connection pipe 221 and the gas pipe 405. That is, one of the first on-off valves 212 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 211 and the other is connected to the indoor heat exchanger 312 of the load side unit 300, and controls whether or not the refrigerant is allowed to pass by opening and closing. .
- the second on-off valve 213 is also for controlling the supply of the refrigerant to the load side unit 300 for each operation mode, and is provided between the gas pipe 405 and the low pressure pipe 401.
- one of the second on-off valves 213 is connected to the low-pressure pipe 401 and the other is connected to the indoor heat exchanger 312 of the load-side unit 300. There is nothing to do.
- the first expansion device 214 is provided between a pipe connecting the gas-liquid separator 211 and the liquid pipe 406, that is, between the first refrigerant heat exchanger 216 and the second refrigerant heat exchanger 217. It functions as an expansion valve, and expands the refrigerant by decompressing it.
- the first throttle device 214 may be configured by a device whose opening degree can be variably controlled, for example, a precise flow rate control device using an electronic expansion valve, an inexpensive refrigerant flow rate control means such as a capillary tube, or the like.
- the second expansion device 215 is provided on the upstream side of the secondary refrigerant heat exchanger 217 in the connection pipe 220, has a function as a pressure reducing valve or an expansion valve, and decompresses and expands the refrigerant. Is. Similar to the first throttle device 214, the second throttle device 215 can be variably controlled, for example, a precise flow control device using an electronic expansion valve, an inexpensive refrigerant flow rate control means such as a capillary tube, etc. It is good to comprise.
- the first refrigerant heat exchanger 216 includes a refrigerant flowing on the primary side (the side on which the liquid refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator 211 flows) and the secondary side (on the connection pipe 220 after passing through the second expansion device 215). Heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant refrigerant flowing out of the two refrigerant heat exchangers 217 and the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant refrigerant.
- the second refrigerant heat exchanger 217 exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing on the primary side (downstream side of the first expansion device 214) and the refrigerant flowing on the secondary side (downstream side of the second expansion device 215). It is something to execute.
- the first refrigerant heat exchanger 216 and the second refrigerant heat exchanger 217 exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing through the main circuit (primary side) and the refrigerant flowing through the connection pipe 220 (secondary side) so that the refrigerant flowing through the main circuit can be supercooled.
- the bypass amount is controlled so that proper supercooling can be achieved at the primary outlet of the second refrigerant heat exchanger 217 according to the opening of the second expansion device 215.
- the load side unit 300 supplies the cooling heat or the heat from the heat source side unit 100 to the cooling load or the heating load.
- a is added after the code of each device provided in the “load side unit 300a”
- b is added after the code of each device provided in the “load side unit 300b”. This is shown in the figure.
- “a” and “b” after the reference may be omitted, but each device is provided in both the load side unit 300a and the load side unit 300b.
- an indoor heat exchanger 312 (indoor heat exchangers 312a and 312b) and an indoor expansion device 311 (indoor expansion devices 311a and 311b) are mounted in series.
- a blower (not shown) for supplying air to the indoor heat exchanger 312 may be provided.
- the indoor heat exchanger 312 may perform heat exchange between the refrigerant and a heat medium different from the refrigerant such as water.
- the indoor heat exchanger 312 performs heat exchange between a heat medium (for example, ambient air or water) and the refrigerant, condenses and liquefies the refrigerant as a condenser (heat radiator) during heating operation, and evaporates during cooling operation. As a vessel, the refrigerant is evaporated and gasified.
- the indoor heat exchanger 312 is generally configured by combining fans not shown in the figure, and the condensing capacity or evaporating capacity is controlled by the rotational speed of the fans.
- the indoor throttle device 311 has a function as a pressure reducing valve or an expansion valve, and expands the refrigerant by reducing the pressure.
- the indoor throttling device 311 may be configured by a device whose opening degree can be variably controlled, for example, a precise flow rate control device using an electronic expansion valve, an inexpensive refrigerant flow rate control means such as a capillary tube, or the like.
- the load-side unit 300 includes a temperature sensor 314 (temperature sensors 314a and 314b) that detects the temperature of the refrigerant pipe between the indoor expansion device 311 and the indoor heat exchanger 312, the indoor heat exchanger 312 and the first on-off valve 212. And the temperature sensor 313 (temperature sensor 313a and 313b) which detects the temperature of refrigerant
- the compressor 101 is not particularly limited as long as it can compress the sucked refrigerant into a high-pressure state.
- the compressor 101 can be configured using various types such as reciprocating, rotary, scroll, or screw.
- the gas-liquid separator 116 is not limited in its method and shape as long as the two-phase refrigerant can be separated into a gas phase and a liquid phase, and for example, a method such as gravity separation or centrifugal separation can be adopted.
- the separation efficiency of the gas-liquid separator 116 is not limited, and may be selected according to the amount of liquid back, the circulation amount of the refrigerant, the target performance value, the target cost, and the like that are acceptable in the system.
- the type of refrigerant used in the air conditioner 500 is not particularly limited.
- natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and helium
- alternative refrigerants not containing chlorine such as HFC410A, HFC407C, and HFC404A
- existing refrigerants Any of CFC refrigerants such as R22 and R134a used in products may be used.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which the control device 118 that controls the operation of the air conditioner 500 is mounted in the heat source side unit 100, it is provided in either the refrigerant control unit 200 or the load side unit 300. It may be. Further, the control device 118 may be provided outside the heat source side unit 100, the refrigerant control unit 200, and the load side unit 300. Further, the control device 118 may be divided into a plurality according to the function and provided in each of the heat source side unit 100, the refrigerant control unit 200, and the load side unit 300. In this case, each control device is preferably connected wirelessly or by wire so that communication is possible.
- movement which the air conditioning apparatus 500 performs is demonstrated.
- a cooling request and a heating request are received from a remote controller or the like installed in a room or the like.
- the air conditioning apparatus 500 performs any one of the four operation modes according to demand.
- all the load side units 300 are all cooling operation modes that are cooling operation requests, cooling operation requests and heating operation requests are mixed, and it is determined that there are many loads to be processed by the cooling operation.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a refrigerant flow in the heating only operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus 500 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Based on FIG. 2, the operation
- Compressor 101 compresses a low-temperature / low-pressure refrigerant and discharges a high-temperature / high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 101 passes through the four-way switching valve 102 and flows to the high-pressure pipe 402 via the check valve 115. Then, it flows out of the heat source side unit 100.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side unit 100 passes through the connection pipe 221 via the gas-liquid separator 211 of the refrigerant control unit 200.
- the first on-off valve 212 is opened and the second on-off valve 213 is closed. For this reason, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant reaches the load-side unit 300 through the first on-off valve 212 and the gas pipe 405.
- the gas refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 300 flows into the indoor heat exchanger 312 (the indoor heat exchanger 312a and the indoor heat exchanger 312b). Since the indoor heat exchanger 312 functions as a condenser, the refrigerant exchanges heat with ambient air to condense and liquefy. At this time, the refrigerant radiates heat to the surroundings to heat the air-conditioning target space such as the room. Thereafter, the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the indoor heat exchanger 312 is decompressed by the indoor expansion device 311 (the indoor expansion device 311a and the indoor expansion device 311b) and flows out of the load side unit 300.
- the liquid refrigerant decompressed by the indoor expansion device 311 flows through the liquid pipe 406 (liquid pipe 406a and liquid pipe 406b) and flows into the refrigerant control unit 200.
- the liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant control unit 200 reaches the low-pressure pipe 401 through the connection pipe 220 via the second expansion device 215.
- the refrigerant flowing through the low-pressure pipe 401 flows out of the refrigerant control unit 200 and then returns to the heat source side unit 100.
- the refrigerant that has returned to the heat source side unit 100 flows into the gas-liquid separator 116. Here, it is separated into a gas refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant.
- the separated gas refrigerant flows through the sixth connection pipe 125 to the accumulator 104 via the expansion device 117.
- the liquid refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator 116 passes through the second connection pipe 121 and passes through the check valve 114 and the check valve 110 to the heat source side heat exchanger 103 (the heat source side heat exchanger 103a and the heat source side).
- the on-off valve 105 (the on-off valve 105a and the on-off valve 105b) is open.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 103 functions as an evaporator, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the surrounding air, and the refrigerant evaporates and gasifies. Thereafter, the refrigerant flowing out of the heat source side heat exchanger 103 flows into the accumulator 104 via the four-way switching valve 102.
- the compressor 101 sucks the gas refrigerant in the accumulator 104 and circulates it in the system, so that a refrigeration cycle is established. With the above flow, the air conditioner 500 performs the operation in the heating only operation mode.
- the dryness x is calculated based on, for example, the load side heat exchanger outlet enthalpy ho calculated from the high pressure sensor 141 and the temperature sensor 314, the saturated liquid enthalpy hl, and the saturated gas enthalpy hg calculated from the low pressure sensor 142. It can be obtained from the relational expression (1).
- the flow resistance from the gas-liquid separator 116 to the junction i is Cvg
- the flow resistance Cvg is expressed by the following equation (2)
- the channel resistance from the second connection pipe 121 to the junction i through the heat source side heat exchanger 103 is Cvl
- the channel resistance Cvl is expressed by the following equation (3).
- ⁇ Pg ⁇ Pl.
- the following equation (4) is established.
- the flow path resistance Cvl is determined by the specifications from the second connection pipe 121 to the junction i through the heat source side heat exchanger 103. For this reason, it can obtain
- a variable throttle can be used so that the opening degree (that is, the flow path resistance CVg) according to the dryness during operation can be controlled.
- the dryness of the refrigerant flowing into the gas-liquid separator 116 is It is roughly constant. For this reason, when the expansion device 117 is a fixed throttle, the equation (4) may be satisfied according to the dryness of the refrigerant flowing into the gas-liquid separator 116.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 500 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is in the heating main operation mode.
- the load-side unit 300 that performs cooling and the load-side unit 300 that performs heating are mixed and the load related to heating is larger, the operation is performed in the heating main operation mode.
- movement of the air conditioning apparatus 500 at the time of heating main operation mode is demonstrated.
- the operation in the heating main operation mode when the load side unit 300a performs heating and the load side unit 300b performs cooling will be described.
- the flow of the refrigerant until the refrigerant passes through the load side unit 300a that performs heating is the same as that in the heating only operation mode.
- the liquid refrigerant liquefied by the heat exchange by the indoor heat exchanger 312a and passed through the liquid pipe 406a is supercooled by the second refrigerant heat exchanger 217. Then, it passes through the liquid pipe 406b and reaches the load side unit 300b that performs cooling.
- the refrigerant flowing into the load side unit 300b is decompressed by the indoor expansion device 311b.
- the refrigerant decompressed by the indoor expansion device 311b flows into the indoor heat exchanger 312b.
- the refrigerant evaporates and gasifies by exchanging heat with the surrounding air. At this time, the refrigerant cools the room by absorbing heat from the surroundings. Thereafter, the refrigerant that has flowed out of the load side unit 300b flows through the connection pipe 220 via the second on-off valve 213b. This refrigerant merges with the refrigerant that has flowed through the connection pipe 220 via the first throttle device 214 and the second throttle device 215 for supercooling by the second refrigerant heat exchanger 217, and reaches the low-pressure pipe 401.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the low-pressure pipe 401 and returned to the heat source side unit 100 passes through the check valve 114 and the check valve 110 to the heat source side heat exchanger 103 (heat source side heat exchanger 103a and heat source side heat exchanger 103b).
- the on-off valve 105 (the on-off valve 105a and the on-off valve 105b) is in an open state. Since the heat source side heat exchanger 103 functions as an evaporator, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the surrounding air, and the refrigerant evaporates and gasifies. Thereafter, the refrigerant flowing out of the heat source side heat exchanger 103 flows into the accumulator 104 via the four-way switching valve 102. The compressor 101 sucks the refrigerant in the accumulator 104 and circulates it in the system, so that a refrigeration cycle is established. With the above flow, the air conditioner 500 executes the heating main operation mode.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the cooling operation ratio and the dryness of the air-conditioning apparatus 500 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the control of the expansion device 117 performed by the control device 118 in the heating main operation mode will be described.
- the flow path resistance Cvl necessary for the expansion device 117 can be obtained by the above-described equation (3).
- the inlet dryness x of the gas-liquid separator 116 becomes a value determined by the ratio of the heating load and the cooling load from FIG.
- the control device 118 controls the opening degree of the expansion device 117 so that the gas refrigerant contained in the dryness refrigerant according to the cooling load factor flows.
- each of the load side unit 300 that is cooling and the load side unit 300 that is heating is based on the difference between the actual suction temperature and the blowout temperature of the load side unit 300 and the airflow setting value.
- the expansion device 117 whose opening degree can be changed the opening degree control according to the cooling load factor during the heating main operation can be performed. When the dryness x is estimated to be 1 or more, the opening degree of the expansion device 117 is fully opened within the control range, so that the pressure loss generated on the low pressure side of the refrigerant circuit can be reduced.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a refrigerant flow in the cooling only operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus 500 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Based on FIG. 3, the operation
- Compressor 101 compresses a low-temperature / low-pressure refrigerant and discharges a high-temperature / high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 101 passes through the four-way switching valve 102 and flows to the heat source side heat exchanger 103. Since the heat source side heat exchanger 103 functions as a condenser, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the surrounding air to condense and liquefy. Thereafter, the liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 103 flows out of the heat source side unit 100 through the connection pipe 404 and the check valve 113.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side unit 100 flows into the primary side (refrigerant inflow side) of the first refrigerant heat exchanger 216 via the gas-liquid separator 211 of the refrigerant control unit 200.
- the liquid refrigerant flowing into the primary side of the first refrigerant heat exchanger 216 is supercooled by the refrigerant on the secondary side (refrigerant outflow side) of the first refrigerant heat exchanger 216.
- the liquid refrigerant whose degree of supercooling has been increased is throttled to an intermediate pressure by the first throttle device 214. Thereafter, the liquid refrigerant flows into the second refrigerant heat exchanger 217, and further increases the degree of supercooling. Then, the liquid refrigerant is divided and partly flows through the liquid pipes 406 a and 406 b and flows out of the refrigerant control unit 200.
- the liquid refrigerant flowing out from the refrigerant control unit 200 flows into the load side units 300a and 300b.
- the liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the load side units 300a and 330b is throttled by the indoor throttle devices 311a and 301b, and becomes a low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- This low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the indoor heat exchangers 312a and 312b. Since the indoor heat exchangers 312a and 312b function as evaporators, the refrigerant exchanges heat with ambient air to evaporate and gasify. At this time, the refrigerant cools the room by absorbing heat from the surroundings.
- the refrigerant that has flowed out of the load-side units 300a and 300b passes through the second on-off valves 213a and 213b, and is connected to the first expansion device 214 and the second expansion device 215 for supercooling by the second refrigerant heat exchanger 217.
- the refrigerant that has flowed through the connection pipe 220 passes through the low-pressure pipe 401.
- the refrigerant flowing through the low-pressure pipe 401 flows out of the refrigerant control unit 200 and then returns to the heat source side unit 100.
- the gas refrigerant that has returned to the heat source side unit 100 is again sucked into the compressor 101 via the check valve 112, the four-way switching valve 102, and the accumulator 104.
- the gas refrigerant can flow to the accumulator 104 via the gas-liquid separator 116 and the sixth connection pipe 125.
- the primary side of the gas-liquid separator 116 is controlled so that the degree of superheat is> 0, so there is no need to separate the gas-liquid by the gas-liquid separator 116. Therefore, the refrigerant does not pass through the check valve 114 in the liquid side outflow pipe of the gas-liquid separator 116.
- the flow path can have a path that flows to the accumulator 104 via the check valve 112 and the four-way switching valve 102 and a path that returns to the accumulator 104 via the expansion device 117.
- the pressure loss that occurs in the flow path is proportional to the power of 1.75. For this reason, since the number of paths becomes two, the flow rate decreases in each path, and the pressure loss on the low pressure side can be decreased in the cooling only operation mode, and the power consumption can be suppressed. With the above flow, the air conditioner 500 executes the cooling only operation mode.
- the control operation of the diaphragm device 117 will be described.
- the refrigerant flowing into the load-side unit 300 is superheated, so that the opening degree of the expansion device 117 is maximized as in the case where the cooling load factor is 0.5 or more during heating-main operation. .
- the opening degree of the expansion device 117 is maximized as in the case where the cooling load factor is 0.5 or more during heating-main operation.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a refrigerant flow during the cooling main operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus 500 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the load-side unit 300 that performs cooling and the load-side unit 300 that performs heating coexist and the load related to cooling is larger, the operation is performed in the cooling main operation mode.
- movement of the air conditioning apparatus 500 at the time of the cooling main operation mode is demonstrated.
- the operation in the cooling main operation mode when the load side unit 300a performs cooling and the load side unit 300b performs heating will be described.
- Compressor 101 compresses a low-temperature / low-pressure refrigerant and discharges a high-temperature / high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 101 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 103 via the four-way switching valve 102. Since the heat source side heat exchanger 103 works as a condenser, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the surrounding air to condense and make two-phase. Thereafter, the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 103 flows out of the heat source side unit 100 through the high-pressure pipe 402, the check valve 113, and the like.
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side unit 100 flows into the gas-liquid separator 211 of the refrigerant control unit 200.
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the gas-liquid separator 211 is separated into a gas refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant by the gas-liquid separator 211.
- the gas refrigerant flows out from the gas-liquid separator 211 and then flows into the connection pipe 221.
- the gas refrigerant that has flowed into the second connection pipe 121 flows through the gas pipe 405b through the first on-off valve 212b, and then flows into the load side unit 300b.
- the gas refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 300b heats the air-conditioned space by radiating heat to the surroundings in the indoor heat exchanger 312b, condenses and liquefies itself, and flows out from the indoor heat exchanger 312b.
- the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the indoor heat exchanger 312b is throttled to an intermediate pressure by the indoor throttle device 311b.
- the liquid refrigerant flowing into the second refrigerant heat exchanger 217 further increases the degree of supercooling, flows through the liquid pipe 406a, and flows out of the refrigerant control unit 200.
- the liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 300a is throttled by the indoor throttle device 311a and becomes a low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- This low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the indoor heat exchanger 312a, cools the air-conditioned space by taking heat away from the surroundings, evaporates and vaporizes itself, and flows out of the indoor heat exchanger 312a.
- the gas refrigerant flowing out of the indoor heat exchanger 312a flows through the gas pipe 405a and out of the load side unit 300a, and then flows into the refrigerant control unit 200.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant control unit 200 passes through the second on-off valve 213 a and is connected to the connection pipe 220 via the first expansion device 214 and the second expansion device 215 in order to supercool the second refrigerant heat exchanger 217. It merges with the flowing refrigerant and reaches the low-pressure pipe 401.
- the refrigerant flowing through the low-pressure pipe 401 flows out of the refrigerant control unit 200 and then returns to the heat source side unit 100.
- the gas refrigerant that has returned to the heat source side unit 100 is again sucked into the compressor 101 via the check valve 112, the four-way switching valve 102, and the accumulator 104.
- the air conditioner 500 executes the cooling main operation mode.
- the control operation of the diaphragm device 117 will be described.
- the inlet state of the load-side unit 300 is controlled with a dryness of 1, so that the expansion device 117 may be fully opened in the control range.
- produces with the non-return valve 112 and the four-way switching valve 102 is reduced, and the energy-saving operation
- Embodiment 2 the gas refrigerant passes through the sixth connection pipe 125 serving as a bypass pipe.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the opening degree of the expansion device 117 is controlled so that part of the liquid refrigerant passes through the sixth connection pipe 125. You may make it pass. In other words, it is not always necessary to completely separate the liquid gas ideally by the gas-liquid separator 116, and it is allowed as a system to allow a part of the liquid to flow from the sixth connection pipe to the junction i through the expansion device 117.
- the on-off valves 105a and 105b are controlled based on the rotational speed of the heat source side fan 106.
- the on-off valves 105a and 105b may be controlled by monitoring the control values (frequency, power consumption, current) of the water circulation pump.
- the air conditioner 500 having one heat source side unit 100, one refrigerant control unit 200, and two load side units 300 is shown. It is not limited.
- the load-side unit 300 is described as an example applied to the air conditioner 500 that can be operated in a mixture of cooling and heating, but is not particularly limited.
- the present invention can also be applied to other apparatuses that configure a refrigerant circuit using a refrigeration cycle, such as a refrigeration cycle apparatus and a refrigeration system that heat a load by supplying capacity.
- 100 heat source side unit 101 compressor, 102 four-way switching valve, 103, 103a, 103b heat source side heat exchanger, 104 accumulator, 105, 105a, 105b open / close valve, 106 heat source side fan, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111 , 112, 113, 114, 115 check valve, 116 gas-liquid separator, 117 throttle device, 118 control device, 120 first connection piping, 121 second connection piping, 122 third connection piping, 123 fourth connection piping, 124 5th connection piping, 125 6th connection piping, 141 High pressure sensor, 142 Low pressure sensor, 200 Refrigerant control unit, 211 Gas-liquid separator, 212, 212a, 212b First on-off valve, 213, 213a, 213b Second on-off valve 214, first diaphragm unit, 215 second diaphragm unit 216 1st refrigerant heat exchanger, 217 2nd refrigerant heat exchanger
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係る空気調和装置500の冷媒回路構成の一例を示す概略構成図である。図1に基づいて、空気調和装置500の冷媒回路構成について説明する。この空気調和装置500は、例えばビル、マンション等に設置され、冷媒を循環させる冷凍サイクル(ヒートポンプサイクル)を利用して、冷暖混在運転を実行できるものである。
熱源側ユニット100は、負荷側ユニット300に冷熱又は温熱を供給する機能を有している。
冷媒制御ユニット200は、熱源側ユニット100と負荷側ユニット300との間に介在し、負荷側ユニット300の運転状況に応じて冷媒の流れを切り替える。ここで、図1では、冷媒制御ユニット200が有するいくつかの機器の符号の後に「a」又は「b」を付加している。これは、後に説明する「負荷側ユニット300a」に接続しているか、「負荷側ユニット300b」に接続しているかを表している。そして、以下の説明においては、符号の後に付加した添字「a」又は「b」を省略する場合がある。省略した場合は「負荷側ユニット300a」又は「負荷側ユニット300b」に接続されているいずれの機器の場合も含んで説明している。
負荷側ユニット300は、冷房負荷又は暖房負荷に対し、熱源側ユニット100からの冷熱又は温熱を供給する。例えば、図1では、「負荷側ユニット300a」に備えられている各機器の符号の後に「a」を付加し、「負荷側ユニット300b」に備えられている各機器の符号の後に「b」を付加して図示している。そして、以下の説明においては、符号の後の「a」、「b」を省略する場合があるが、負荷側ユニット300a、負荷側ユニット300bのいずれにも各機器が備えられている。
空気調和装置500においては、例えば室内等に設置されたリモートコントローラ等からの冷房要求、暖房要求を受信する。空気調和装置500は、要求に応じて4つの運転モードのうち、いずれかの空気調和動作を行う。4つの運転モードとして、負荷側ユニット300が全て冷房運転要求である全冷房運転モード、冷房運転要求と暖房運転要求が混在しており、かつ冷房運転により処理すべき負荷が多いと判断される冷房主体運転モード、冷房運転要求と暖房運転要求が混在しており、かつ暖房負荷が多いと判断される暖房主体運転モード、全ての負荷側ユニット300が全て暖房運転要求である全暖房運転モードがある。
図2は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置500の全暖房運転モード時の冷媒の流れを示す図である。図2に基づいて、全暖房運転モード時における空気調和装置500の運転動作について説明する。
図3は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置500の暖房主体運転モード時の冷媒の流れを示す図である。冷房を行う負荷側ユニット300と暖房を行う負荷側ユニット300が混在しており、かつ暖房に係る負荷の方が大きい場合、暖房主体運転モードによる運転を行う。図3に基づいて、暖房主体運転モード時における空気調和装置500の運転動作について説明する。ここでは、負荷側ユニット300aが暖房を行い、負荷側ユニット300bが冷房を行う場合の暖房主体運転モードの運転について説明する。
図5は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置500の全冷房運転モード時の冷媒の流れを示す図である。図3に基づいて、全冷房運転モード時における空気調和装置500の運転動作について説明する。
図6は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置500の冷房主体運転モード時の冷媒の流れを示す図である。冷房を行う負荷側ユニット300と暖房を行う負荷側ユニット300が混在しており、かつ冷房に係る負荷の方が大きい場合、冷房主体運転モードによる運転を行う。図6に基づいて、冷房主体運転モード時における空気調和装置500の運転動作について説明する。ここでは、負荷側ユニット300aが冷房を行い、負荷側ユニット300bが暖房を行う場合の冷房主体運転モードの運転について説明する。
上述した実施の形態では、バイパス配管となる第6接続配管125には、ガス冷媒が通過するようにした。本発明はこれに限定するものではなく、例えば熱源側熱交換器103を通過する冷媒量を制御するため、絞り装置117の開度を制御して液冷媒の一部が第6接続配管125を通過するようにしてもよい。つまり、必ずしも理想的に気液分離器116で完全に液ガスを分離する必要はなく、システムとして一部の液を第6接続配管から絞り装置117を経由して合流部iへ流すことを許容できる場合、反対に一部のガスが第2接続配管121から熱源側熱交換器103を経由して合流部iへ流すことを許容できる場合、又はそのいずれも許容できる場合には、式(4)で求められる流路抵抗Cvgに対して補正を行い、目標とすることもできる。
上述した実施の形態1では、熱源側ファン106の回転数に基づいて、開閉弁105a及び105bを制御するようにした。例えば、熱源側熱交換器103が水冷式熱交換器であれば、水循環ポンプの制御値(周波数、消費電力、電流)を監視等して、開閉弁105a及び105bを制御することとしてもよい。
Claims (6)
- 負荷に対して能力供給を行う負荷側ユニットと配管接続して冷媒回路を構成する熱源側ユニットであって、
冷媒を圧縮して吐出する圧縮機と、
蒸発器又は放熱器として機能する熱源側熱交換器と、
流入した冷媒を液状の冷媒とガス状の冷媒とに分離し、液状の冷媒が流出する液冷媒流出口が、前記熱源側熱交換器が蒸発器のときの冷媒流入側の配管と接続される気液分離器と、
該気液分離器においてガス状の冷媒が流出するガス冷媒流出口と前記熱源側熱交換器が蒸発器として機能するときの冷媒流出側の配管とを接続するバイパス配管と、
該バイパス配管における前記冷媒の通過を制御する絞り装置と
を備える熱源側ユニット。 - 前記熱源側熱交換器の機能に基づき、冷媒の流れを切り換える流路切替え装置をさらに備え、
前記熱源側熱交換器が凝縮器として機能するときには、前記負荷側ユニットから流入した冷媒の一部を分岐して前記流路切替え装置をバイパスさせるように、前記気液分離器及び前記バイパス配管を、前記流路切替え装置を通過する流路に対して並列接続して構成する請求項1に記載の熱源側ユニット。 - 前記気液分離器の冷媒流入側における冷媒の乾き度を検出する乾き度検出装置をさらに備え、
前記乾き度検出装置の検出に係る前記冷媒の乾き度に基づいて、前記絞り装置の開度を制御する請求項1又は2に記載の熱源側ユニット。 - 前記負荷側ユニットが前記負荷に対して供給する能力に基づいて得られる前記冷媒の乾き度から前記絞り装置の開度を制御する請求項1又は2に記載の熱源側ユニット。
- 前記ガス冷媒流出口から液状の冷媒も流出可能に前記絞り装置を制御する請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の熱源側ユニット。
- 複数の負荷側ユニットと、
請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の熱源側ユニットとを配管接続して冷媒回路を構成する空気調和装置。
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US10539343B2 (en) | 2020-01-21 |
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