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WO2015018429A1 - Génération d'un ensemble de données pour appareil d'automatisation électrique - Google Patents

Génération d'un ensemble de données pour appareil d'automatisation électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015018429A1
WO2015018429A1 PCT/EP2013/066378 EP2013066378W WO2015018429A1 WO 2015018429 A1 WO2015018429 A1 WO 2015018429A1 EP 2013066378 W EP2013066378 W EP 2013066378W WO 2015018429 A1 WO2015018429 A1 WO 2015018429A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
utilization
function
computing device
execution
automation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/066378
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Jurisch
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to PCT/EP2013/066378 priority Critical patent/WO2015018429A1/fr
Publication of WO2015018429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015018429A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/0703—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation
    • G06F11/0706—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation the processing taking place on a specific hardware platform or in a specific software environment
    • G06F11/0736—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation the processing taking place on a specific hardware platform or in a specific software environment in functional embedded systems, i.e. in a data processing system designed as a combination of hardware and software dedicated to performing a certain function
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/0703—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation
    • G06F11/0751—Error or fault detection not based on redundancy
    • G06F11/0754—Error or fault detection not based on redundancy by exceeding limits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/60—Software deployment
    • G06F8/65—Updates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for generating a data record which comprises function blocks, the function blocks indicating device functions of an electrical automation device and causing a computing device of the automation device to execute the corresponding device functions, and wherein with a parameterization device corresponding to a desired scope of device functions of Automation device function blocks are selected, the function blocks are combined to form a record and the record is provided for transmission to the automation device.
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding parameterizing device for generating such a data record.
  • Electrical automation devices such as electrical measuring, protection or field control devices of the energy automation technology, usually have computing facilities, with the help of a device installed in a memory of the automation device device software is executed.
  • the device software defines the respective device functions of such an automation device.
  • an electrical protection device in particular a distance protection device
  • instructions relating to the distance protection functions of the automation device and communication instructions may be included in the device software, for example.
  • An exact definition of the functions of the Automation device is thus already made by the user of the automation device at the time of ordering the automation device at its manufacturer.
  • Many electrical automation devices, especially in the field of protection and bay controllers, are still developed by the manufacturer with a device-related software package holistic and must be fully tested for accuracy and reliability of all functions. Such a procedure comes with a considerable cost and
  • the user-side provision of additional device functions in the automation device means that its computing device is correspondingly more heavily utilized.
  • today's automation devices are delivered with relatively powerful computing devices, it may happen that by selecting too many or too compute-intensive additional device functions, the computing device is utilized beyond its limits, so that the execution of the device functions can be slowed down and in the worst case even individual device functions completely can fail. Therefore, after installation of additional device functions, usually the automation devices must again undergo intensive device tests in order to check whether their reliable operation is still ensured or whether, for example by reducing the selection of additional device functions. or by providing a more powerful computing device - must be remedied. Such device tests are again expensive and time consuming.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a method and a parameterization device of the type specified in the introduction such that the reliable operation of an automation device after the installation of additional device functions can be ensured without the need for additional device tests.
  • a method of the type mentioned is proposed in which a utilization of the computing device of the Automat Deutschensge- device is determined, which is generated by the execution of the function blocks contained in the data set by the computing device for the record a the Utilization of the computing device indicating load factor is generated, the load factor is compared with a utilization threshold value of the computing device and an error signal is generated when the load factor exceeds the load threshold.
  • the utilization determined by the additional device functions with regard to the computing device is determined and, on the other hand, the "utilization reserve" of the computing device is determined by comparison with a utilization threshold affected total outlet tion of the computing device, the additional device functions can be released for execution by the computing device.
  • the additional device functions can be released for execution by the computing device.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that a warning message is output to a user of the parameterization device when the error signal is present.
  • the user of the parameterization device can be made directly aware of the violation of the utilization threshold value and adapt his selection of additional device functions accordingly.
  • each function module comprises an individual utilization information which indicates a utilization of the computing device which is generated when the function module in question is executed. is generated and the utilization factor is determined on the basis of the utilization information of the function modules contained in the data record.
  • each function module is thus assigned an individual utilization information that has been determined, for example, by a one-time test of the device function specified by the respective function module on a reference automation device.
  • utilization information may, for example, be contained in the metadata of a function module and be readable by the parameterization device.
  • the parameterization device can determine the utilization characteristic value of the entire data record.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the utilization characteristic value indicates a utilization of the computing device relative to the total computing power of the computing device, and the utilization threshold value indicates a maximum utilization of the computing device that is provided for executing the function modules.
  • the utilization of the computing device based on the computing power of the computing device can be specified, for example in the form of a so-called CPU load in percent.
  • the CPU load can be determined, for example, such that the time is determined that a device function specified by a specific function module would have to be executed in order to generate a 100 percent utilization of the computing device. This time is then related to the usual amount of time during which the device function actually is executed (eg a time that is granted to the special device function during execution of a functional cycle of the device software of the programmable controller).
  • the utilization threshold value can be a percentage value that indicates the proportion of the computing power of the computing device that is reserved for the execution of additional device functions.
  • the utilization characteristic value indicates a period of time which the computing device needs to execute the function modules and the utilization threshold indicates a maximum reaction time in which the computing device executes the function modules must have completed.
  • the utilization reserve of the computing device can also be determined by comparing two time-related values, namely the time required to execute the function blocks and the maximum response time of the computing device. If the maximum response time is not yet exhausted, ie, the time duration determined for the execution of the function blocks is below the maximum response time, reliable operation of the computing device can be ensured.
  • the duration of execution of the function blocks can be determined, for example for each function block individually by a single test on a reference -Automatleiters réelle, the maximum response time results from requirements that are made to the actual programmable controller (eg maximum time to detect a short circuit in a power grid) ,
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention also provides in this context that the time duration and the maximum reaction time are determined as quantities dependent on a reference computing device; and to adapt to the computing device of the programmable controller, these quantities are multiplied by a specific adaptation factor for the computing device.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the computing power (eg the CPU clock rates) of a computing device of a reference automation device and of an automation device actually provided for executing the function module do not necessarily have to match.
  • the time duration for executing a function module and the maximum reaction time can be used, for example, in the form of a standard time "ticks", wherein, for example, it can be defined that an execution of a function module on a reference computer device (eg a 266 MHz CPU) takes place over one second At 100% utilization, it takes 10 6 ticks
  • Each function block is then assigned a number of ticks with reference to the reference calculation device, which can be converted into a "real" period of time depending on the computing power of the computing device of the automation device actually used.
  • the function blocks are assigned to different functional groups of the automation device, each function group summarizing such device functions, the same or similar requirements in terms of priority of their execution by the computing device and each function group is a priority level assigned, and the output load characteristic and the utilization threshold for each function group are determined individually.
  • This embodiment takes into account the fact that in automation technology there are device functions that have to be processed with different priorities and different reaction time requirements. For example, while protection functions in an electrical equipment protection monitoring device must be performed with high priority and very quickly, general analysis and archiving functions as well as lower priority reporting functions can be performed more slowly or with a time delay. Therefore, those function blocks that specify device functions that must be executed with the same or a similar priority, summarized in so-called function groups and performed the procedure described when comparing a load factor with a utilization threshold per function group. By a suitable selection of utilization threshold values for each function group, it is thus possible to ensure that sufficient computing power of the automation device is always reserved for the execution of high-priority device functions. It is also considered to be particularly advantageous if the
  • Utilization factor is determined for a respective function group depending on the respective utilization characteristic value of such function groups, which are superior in terms of their priority level of the function group in question.
  • the utilization threshold values can be predefined per function group, for example. With regard to the determination of the utilization threshold value, it is also advantageous if the utilization threshold value is determined taking into account device functions permanently predetermined in a device software of the automation device.
  • a load of the computing device of the automation device is first determined, which is already reserved for the execution of fixed predetermined device functions.
  • Such permanently predefined device functions can be, for example, an operating system, basic communication functions, measured value processing of the basic measured values, display and diagnostic functions as well as possibly predefined main functions of the automation device, e.g. a basic protection function for monitoring a power plant include.
  • the remaining computing power can then be made available for additional device functions, with the function blocks corresponding to such additional device functions being operated in accordance with the manner explained above.
  • function modules to specify prefabricated protective or process control device functions or to be individually composed of a plurality of individual function modules by a user of the parameterization device.
  • Prefabricated protection or process control functions can, for example, be offered by the manufacturer of a protective device or a control technology device for the automation of power supply networks as optionally purchasable function blocks.
  • the operator of such an automation device has the ability to adapt by additional device functions, the scope of his automation device to his needs.
  • function blocks have been appropriately tested by the manufacturer and provide a way to determine a load factor (for example, by including load information in their metadata).
  • the operator of the programmable controller often also has the option of using an editor of individual basic functions (eg, data input, data processing functions, threshold value comparison, delay function, signal output) to generate an individual composite function module in a user-defined manner.
  • the basic single-function blocks are often provided by the parameterization and need only be selected by the user and connected to each other in the desired manner.
  • each individual function module contains a single utilization information that indicates a utilization of the computing device that is generated during the execution of the individual function module in question, a utilization information of the composite function module, indicating a utilization of the computing device that is generated during the execution of the complex function block in question, on the basis of which single utilization information is determined, and the utilization characteristic value is determined taking into account the utilization information of the composite function block.
  • a parameterization device for generating a data record which comprises functional modules, wherein the function modules specify device functions of an electrical automation device and cause a computing device of the automation device to execute the corresponding device functions.
  • the parameterization device is set up to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims 1-12.
  • the parameterization device it can also be provided that it is formed by a separate data processing device, for example a PC or a laptop, on which a corresponding parameterization software is executed. Alternatively, however, it may also be provided that the parameterization device is part of the automation device. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment. Show this
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an electrical automation device with a parameterization device connected thereto
  • Figure 2 is a diagram for exemplary explanation of
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an automation device 10, which is an example of an electrical protection device for monitoring an electrical system, e.g. an energy supply network can act.
  • the automation device 10 is connected via electrical connections 11
  • the measuring signals such as current and / or voltage signals, from a not shown in the figure 1 system, eg a power supply network, to the automation device 10 transmit.
  • the automation device 10 is also connected via a (wired or wireless) communication link 12 to a communication network of an automation system, not shown, and is about, for example, with appropriately constructed other automation devices or hierarchical parent devices (eg, a station or network control center) in connection.
  • the automation device may have a display device 13 (eg, a display) and / or input means 14 (eg, a keypad).
  • the automation device 10 is configured to perform one or more device functions for automation of the system.
  • the automation device 10 initially has fixed device functions which are implemented, for example, in a device software and are executed by means of a computing device, eg a CPU, of the automation device 10.
  • a computing device eg a CPU
  • Such fixed predetermined device functions have already been stored by the manufacturer of the automation device 10 in the form of the device software in a memory of the automation device 10 and subjected to extensive testing to check a reliable operation of the automation device 10 in a variety of load situations.
  • the automation device 10 is thus tested in a basic scope and reliably operable.
  • the fixed device functions include, for example, an operating system of the automation device with all the necessary modules for controlling the device periphery, for example for controlling the display device 13 and the input means 14, basic measured value acquisition and processing functions, a basic communication function and one or more main automation functions , in the case of an electrical protection device eg a main protection function (eg a distance protection function).
  • an electrical protection device eg a main protection function (eg a distance protection function).
  • the automation device 10 is set up with its computing device to execute further device functions that can be selected by the operator of the automation device 10 in addition to the fixed device functions.
  • a parameterization device 15 is provided, which is set up to change the configuration of the automation device 10. in the Example of Figure 1, the parameterization 15 is shown as a separate data processing device (eg, PC, laptop), which is on a corresponding parameterization software, such as the software DIGSI Siemens AG, upgraded to make configuration changes to the automation device 10.
  • the parameterizing device 15 can also be a device integrated in the automation device 10, which device can be operated via the display device 13 and the input device 14.
  • a data record can be generated which comprises function blocks which in each case indicate a desired further device function for the automation device 10 in the form of a software code.
  • the selected function blocks are combined by the parameterization device 15 in the data record, which is then provided for transmission to the automation device 10.
  • parameterization device 15 and automation device 10 can be connected to each other via a data connection 16, which can be wired or wireless.
  • the function blocks contained in the data set are taken over as additional components in the device software of the automation device 10 and executed by the computing device, whereby the functionality of the automation device 10 is changed according to the specifications of the user of the parameterization 15.
  • the parameterizing device 15 determines a utilization characteristic value which indicates the utilization of the computing device by the execution of the function blocks contained in the data record.
  • the parameterization device 15 determines a utilization threshold value that indicates which computing capacity reserve the computing device can actually make available for executing the function modules in the data record.
  • an error signal is generated by the parameterizing device 15, which can be displayed, for example, to the user of the parameterization device 15 in the form of a warning message (optical and / or acoustic) and / or to block the transmission of the data record to the automation device 10 can be used.
  • a load factor can be expressed as a percentage of a CPU load.
  • an individual utilization information can be stored, which indicates which utilization of the computing device is generated by the execution of the respective function block.
  • the respective utilization information can be determined, for example, by a single test on a reference automation device and stored in the metadata of the respective function module.
  • the individual utilization information of the function modules can then be summarized to the utilization characteristic value.
  • the utilization threshold value in a suitable manner - for example, by a taking into account the respective clock rates of the two computing devices formed correction factor - to be converted. If the load factor is specified in this way, the load threshold value must also be specified in the form of a CPU load.
  • the utilization characteristic value can also be specified in the form of a time duration which the computing device requires to execute the respective function module. This time period can also be determined by means of a reference automation device and stored as individual load information in the metadata of the respective function block. The utilization characteristic of the data record can then be determined from the utilization information of the respective function modules. Also in this case, with a different computing power of the computing device of the reference automation device and the actually used automation devices 10 (eg at different clock rates), a corresponding conversion of the utilization characteristic value is to be carried out.
  • the utilization threshold value is also to be indicated in the form of a time, namely as the maximum reaction time, which may elapse until the execution of the function modules must be completed.
  • the time unit for the utilization factor and the utilization threshold value can be selected in this case in the form of seconds or milliseconds.
  • a reference time unit "ticks” which can be easily adapted to other computing devices, based on a reference computer device (eg a 266 MHz CPU), as will be explained in more detail below by means of an example
  • the function blocks can be selected by the user of the parameterization device from, for example, a number of predefined function blocks, such function blocks being often offered by the manufacturer of the automation device as expansion blocks
  • CFC editor Continuous Function Chart
  • WO 2008/128487 AI known.
  • each of the individual function modules is assigned an individual single load information.
  • the utilization information of the composite function block in question is then determined from the individual utilization information of all single function modules forming a composite function module.
  • not all device functions apply to one
  • the device functions may advantageously be assigned to different function groups, such device functions always being grouped together in one function group, which set the same or similar requirements with regard to the priority of their execution and / or their reaction time to be maintained by the computing device.
  • Each of these functional groups is assigned a different priority level, so that an order of the functional groups with respect to their respective priority level can be formed.
  • those device functions that are grouped together in the highest-priority function group must be executed within the shortest possible time and without interruption by other device functions.
  • Such device functions relate, for example, the main protection function of an electrical protection device. For device functions that are grouped into function groups that are lower in priority, slower processing is allowed.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of the testing of a utilization of a computing device of an automation device for individual functional groups.
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram in which the execution of functional modules is listed by way of example in three functional groups.
  • the time axis is scaled in the unit "ticks", which refers to a reference calculator.
  • the execution of a function block on a reference computer device with a clock rate of 266 MHz at 100% CPU load during a period of 1 second should correspond to a number of 10 6 ticks.
  • the execution of a function block on this reference computing device takes one tick per microsecond.
  • any arbitrary computing device even with clock rates other than 266 MHz) as a reference.
  • the number of ticks can be adapted to the computing device in question by means of a conversion factor taking into account the two clock rates.
  • the advantage of such a reference time unit lies in the fact that all the functional components can be assigned comparable utilization information, which is related to a common reference calculation unit and can easily be converted into one another via the conversion factor.
  • the diagram in FIG. 2 is already adapted to the specific computing device of the automation device actually used.
  • FIG. 2 shows the time sequence of the execution of function blocks in three function groups 20a-c, wherein each function group is assigned a different priority level.
  • the priority level in the diagram increases from bottom to top.
  • a function block 22 eg, an important main protection function of a protection device
  • another function block 23 eg, a comparatively less basic reporting function
  • an event-controlled device function eg, a message function controlled by a short circuit
  • processing a function block 24 in an acyclic manner.
  • the function blocks 22 and 23 are executed undisturbed in the first two calculation cycles of the computing device.
  • the one in the top one is executed undisturbed.
  • Function block 20a executed function block 22 each requires a computing cycle, the full power of the computing device and leaves between two execution cycles a complete cycle reserve, which can be passed on to other function groups. This allows a processing of the function module 23 in each unused computing cycles. As can be easily seen from FIG. 2, after execution of the function module 23 in the lowermost function group, there still remains a computing power reserve which could possibly be passed on to subordinate function groups (not shown in FIG. 2).
  • the execution of the acyclic function module 24 in the function group 20b is triggered by an event. Since the function group 20b is subordinate to the function group 20a with regard to its priority level, the execution of the function module 24 is delayed until the processing cycle of the function module 22 has been completed. Thereafter, the execution of the acyclic function module 24 begins immediately. Since the function group 20b is superior to the function group 20c with regard to its priority level, the function module 24 is preferably executed in comparison to the function module 23, thereby delaying the execution of the function module 23 Point 25a is indicated by a dashed representation of the function block 23.
  • the duration of execution of the acyclic function module 24 exceeds a computing cycle, so that its processing is interrupted after the expiry of a computing cycle by the higher-priority function module 22, as indicated by a dashed frame at location 25b.
  • the execution of the function block 24 can be continued instead of 25c.
  • the shift of the execution of the function module 24 to a later time is symbolized in Figure 2 by an arrow 26a.
  • the continued execution of the function block 24 displaces again the execution of a function block 23 at point 25d, so that now two suspended execution cycles of the function block 23 (namely from the points 25a and 25d) are pending for execution.
  • Function block 22 interrupts the execution of all other function blocks.
  • the execution of the first suspended cycle of the functional module 23 can thus be completed only at location 25f; the displacement of the embodiment is indicated by an arrow 26c.
  • Arrow 26e indicated immediately after the execution of the second deferred cycle of the function block 23 performed and terminated at time t 3 . After a renewed execution of the function block 22, the next cycle of the function block 23 can subsequently be carried out in an instantaneous manner.
  • the parameterization device calculates a utilization characteristic value for each function group.
  • this utilization characteristic value is specified in the number of ticks required for the execution of the respective function blocks.
  • This utilization characteristic value is compared with a utilization threshold value specified for each function group.
  • the utilization factor of function module 22 (the duration of its execution in ticks) is compared with a utilization threshold value defined for function group 20a. This utilization threshold specifies a reaction time within which the execution of the function module must be completed.
  • this utilization threshold value were already lower than the utilization characteristic value of the function module 22 for the function group 20a, then the parameterization device would have to issue a warning at this point that the computing device of the automation device is not suitable for executing the function module 22. In the present example, however, it should be assumed that the utilization threshold value for the function group 20a is above the utilization characteristic value. Thus, reserves of the computing capacity can be passed on to the priority level lower function groups.
  • the time duration t 2 -ti which elapses from the request of the execution of the function block 24 until its final execution at the time t 2 is determined as the load factor as a function of the utilization of the superordinate function group.
  • the time of the request of the execution is in relation to the execution of the higher-level function block 22
  • longer or shorter times than shown in Figure 2 can result as a load factor. It makes sense to use here, for example, a mean time duration or a "worst-case" time duration (ie the longest possible duration) as the utilization parameter. which is to be assumed in this example - so the possibility of reliable operation of the computing device can also be determined for this function group.
  • the period of time required for the cyclical execution of the function module 23 can, in principle, be used as the utilization parameter. However, this would not do justice to the reality, since the load factor depends on the load characteristics of the higher-level function groups with regard to the priority level.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de génération d'un ensemble de données comprenant des blocs fonctionnels. Les blocs fonctionnels indiquent des fonctionnalités d'un appareil d'automatisation électrique (10) et ordonnent à un moyen de calcul de l'appareil d'automatisation électrique (10) d'exécuter les fonctions correspondantes. Les blocs fonctionnels sont choisis à l'aide d'un moyen de paramétrage en fonction de l'étendue souhaitée des fonctions de l'appareil d'automatisation électrique (10) et sont combinés pour former un ensemble de données et l'ensemble de données est mis à disposition en vue de la transmission. Selon l'invention, pour perfectionner un procédé du type susmentionné qui permet de garantir le fonctionnement fiable d'un appareil d'automatisation (10) après l'installation de fonctions supplémentaires sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'effectuer des tests supplémentaires, on détermine la charge du moyen de calcul de l'appareil d'automatisation (10), on génère pour l'ensemble de données une valeur caractéristique de charge indiquant la charge du moyen de calcul, on compare la valeur caractéristique de charge à une valeur de charge seuil du moyen de calcul et on génère un signal d'erreur lorsque la valeur caractéristique de charge devient supérieure à la valeur de charge seuil. L'invention concerne également un moyen de paramétrage correspondant.
PCT/EP2013/066378 2013-08-05 2013-08-05 Génération d'un ensemble de données pour appareil d'automatisation électrique WO2015018429A1 (fr)

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