WO2015098933A1 - 車両駆動システム - Google Patents
車両駆動システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015098933A1 WO2015098933A1 PCT/JP2014/084086 JP2014084086W WO2015098933A1 WO 2015098933 A1 WO2015098933 A1 WO 2015098933A1 JP 2014084086 W JP2014084086 W JP 2014084086W WO 2015098933 A1 WO2015098933 A1 WO 2015098933A1
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- vehicle
- drive
- wheel
- switching
- slip
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- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W2720/00—Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60Y2300/18—Propelling the vehicle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
- Y10S903/905—Combustion engine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
- Y10S903/906—Motor or generator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
- Y10S903/909—Gearing
- Y10S903/91—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
- Y10S903/912—Drive line clutch
- Y10S903/913—One way
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle drive system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a vehicle drive system that changes the switching from the two-wheel drive state after switching to the two-wheel drive state according to two modes of slip occurrence and vehicle movement to the one-wheel single drive state.
- the vehicle speed is changed to AWD from 2WD only when the vehicle speed becomes [0 km / h] and a predetermined time elapses. For this reason, switching from AWD to 2WD has been restricted. Also, if switching from AWD to 2WD is permitted during travel, for example, the vehicle is switched to 2WD when the vehicle motion is large, such as turning motion or lateral motion of the vehicle, or when the vehicle is in an oversteer tendency. In other words, 2WD operation stability / running performance (hereinafter referred to as “vehicle stability”) may not be secured. In addition, 2WD is not permitted during traveling except in such a case, and thus driving efficiency may be deteriorated.
- the present invention is for solving the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to secure vehicle stability by switching the vehicle from the two-wheel drive state to the one-wheel single drive state at a more appropriate timing.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle drive system that can improve drive efficiency.
- the present invention is directed to any one of front wheels (for example, front wheels Wf, Wf described later) and rear wheels (for example, rear wheels Wr (RWr, LWr) described later) of a vehicle (for example, vehicle 3 described later).
- a first drive device for example, a first drive device 1 to be described later
- drives the first drive wheel for example, front wheels Wf and Wf to be described later
- the front wheel or the rear wheel of the vehicle for example, front wheels Wf and Wf to be described later
- a second driving device for example, a second driving device 2 described later for driving a second driving wheel (for example, a rear wheel Wr (RWr, LWr) described later), the first driving device and the second driving device;
- a vehicle drive system for example, a vehicle drive system 10 to be described later
- a control device for example, an ECU 6 to be described later
- the control device occurs in the vehicle
- a slip correlation amount acquisition means for example, a first determination unit 61 described later
- a slip correlation amount for example, an integrated slip point described later
- Vehicle motion correlation amount acquisition means for example, a second determination unit 62 described later for acquiring a correlated vehicle motion correlation amount (for example, calculation “lateral G” described later), and the first drive device or the second drive.
- One-wheel single drive state for example, 2WD (FWD, RWD) described later
- Driving state switching means for example, driving state switching unit 64 described later for switching between wheel driving states (for example, AWD described later), and the driving state switching means acquires the slip correlation amount.
- a first two-wheel drive switching process for example, Steps S3 and S105 described later for switching from the one-wheel single drive state to the two-wheel drive state based on the slip correlation amount acquired by the stage, and the vehicle motion correlation amount acquisition means Based on the obtained vehicle motion correlation amount, the second two-wheel drive switching process (for example, Steps S12 and S303 described later) for switching from the one-wheel single drive state to the two-wheel drive state and the first two-wheel drive switch.
- a first one-wheel single drive switching process (for example, steps S13, S109, and S111 described later) that switches from the two-wheel drive state after processing to the one-wheel single-drive state under a first switching condition
- the second double-wheel drive A second one-wheel single drive switching process (for example, described later) that switches from the two-wheel drive state after the switching process to the one-wheel single-drive state under a second switching condition.
- Steps S13, S306, and S308 are executed, and the first switching condition and the second switching condition are made different.
- the two-wheel drive state is changed to the one-wheel single drive state.
- a first one-wheel single drive switching process is performed for switching according to the first switching condition.
- the second two-wheel drive switching process for switching from the one-wheel single drive state to the two-wheel drive state based on the vehicle motion correlation amount acquired by the vehicle motion correlation amount acquisition means the two-wheel drive state is changed to the one-wheel single drive state.
- a second one-wheel single drive switching process that switches according to the second switching condition is performed. Then, the first switching condition and the second switching condition are made different.
- the two-wheel drive state is switched to the one-wheel single drive state at a more appropriate timing.
- the first one-wheel single drive switching process after the first two-wheel drive switching process based on the slip correlation amount acquired by the slip correlation amount acquisition unit is performed, one of the timings when the excess slip phenomenon occurring in the vehicle is resolved It is possible to switch to the wheel single drive state.
- the one-wheel single drive state is established at the timing when the first switching condition is established according to the road surface that has left the road surface in the low ⁇ state, and vehicle stability can be ensured.
- the vehicle motion in which the vehicle performs a turning motion or a lateral motion It is possible to switch to the one-wheel single drive state at the timing when the second switching condition in which the state is relaxed is satisfied. For this reason, it becomes a one-wheel single drive state at the timing which the vehicle motion state eased, and vehicle stability can be ensured.
- the driving state switching means is a case where the stable switching determination is made at the timing of switching to the first one-wheel single drive switching process or the second one-wheel single drive switching process, and does not limit whether the vehicle is stopped or traveling.
- switching from the two-wheel drive state to the one-wheel single drive state is a timing adapted to various cases, and vehicle stability can be ensured.
- the switching from the two-wheel drive state to the one-wheel single drive state is effectively performed at a more appropriate timing while ensuring vehicle stability, and the drive efficiency Can be improved.
- the drive state switching means when the condition of the first two-wheel drive switching process is satisfied in the two-wheel drive state after the second two-wheel drive switching process, It is preferable to switch to a two-wheel drive state and execute the first one-wheel single drive switching process under the first switching condition.
- the drive state switching means when the drive state switching means satisfies the condition of the first two-wheel drive switching process in the two-wheel drive state after the second two-wheel drive switching process, the both wheels after the first two-wheel drive switching process are satisfied. Switch to the driving state, and execute the first one-wheel single drive switching process under the first switching condition.
- a vehicle tends to have lower vehicle stability in a two-wheel drive state corresponding to an excess slip phenomenon than in a two-wheel drive state corresponding to a vehicle motion state such as a turning motion or a lateral motion of the vehicle. is there.
- the excess slip phenomenon when an excess slip phenomenon occurs in a two-wheel drive state corresponding to a vehicle motion state such as a turning motion or a lateral motion of the vehicle, the excess slip phenomenon tends to further decrease the vehicle stability.
- the first one-wheel single drive switching process is executed under the first switching condition from the two-wheel drive state switched in response to the excess slip phenomenon in which the vehicle stability tends to be lower, and the vehicle stability is improved. More secure.
- the driving state switching means sets the first switching condition to a condition that is harder to switch than the second switching condition.
- the drive state switching means sets the first switching condition to a condition that is more difficult to switch than the second switching condition.
- a vehicle tends to have lower vehicle stability in a two-wheel drive state corresponding to an excess slip phenomenon than in a two-wheel drive state corresponding to a vehicle motion state such as a turning motion or a lateral motion of the vehicle. is there.
- the first switching condition is set to a condition that is more difficult to switch than the second switching condition, and the two-wheel drive state is switched in response to the excess slip phenomenon in which the vehicle stability tends to decrease. It is difficult to switch to the one-wheel single drive state using the first switching condition, and vehicle stability can be further ensured.
- the driving state switching means is configured to cause the slip when the vehicle speed correlation amount (for example, vehicle speed described later) becomes equal to or less than a first speed threshold (for example, vehicle speed [0 km / h] (stopped) described later). It is preferable that the first one-wheel single drive switching process is executed based on the slip correlation amount acquired by the correlation amount acquisition means and the speed correlation amount of the vehicle.
- vehicle speed correlation amount for example, vehicle speed described later
- a first speed threshold for example, vehicle speed [0 km / h] (stopped) described later.
- the drive state switching means is configured to change the first one based on the slip correlation amount acquired by the slip correlation amount acquisition means and the vehicle speed correlation amount when the vehicle speed correlation amount is equal to or less than the first speed threshold.
- a wheel single drive switching process is executed.
- the slip correlation amount acquisition means reduces the slip correlation amount when the speed correlation amount of the vehicle decreases.
- the first speed threshold value at which the vehicle stability is determined to be stable regardless of the excess slip generated in the vehicle due to a decrease in the vehicle speed correlation amount is, for example, a vehicle speed of [0 km] when the vehicle is stopped. / H] and the like.
- the slip correlation amount acquired by the slip correlation amount acquisition unit and the vehicle when the speed correlation amount of the vehicle that decreases the slip correlation amount acquired by the slip correlation amount acquisition unit is equal to or less than the first speed threshold. Since the switching condition is added using the speed correlation amount as a parameter to increase the accuracy of the switching determination, vehicle stability can be further ensured.
- the present invention is a first one of a front wheel (for example, front wheels Wf, Wf described later) and a rear wheel (for example, rear wheels Wr (RWr, LWr) described later) of a vehicle (for example, a vehicle 3 described later).
- a first driving device for example, a first driving device 1 described later
- a second driving wheel for example, a rear wheel Wr (RWr, described later)
- LWr for controlling a second driving device (for example, a second driving device 2 described later), the first driving device and the second driving device, and controlling the first driving wheel and the second driving wheel.
- a vehicle drive system (for example, a vehicle drive system 10 to be described later) including a control device (for example, an ECU 6 to be described later) for controlling the drive state, wherein the control device is the first drive device or the second drive.
- a control device for example, an ECU 6 to be described later
- the control device is the first drive device or the second drive.
- the vehicle with only one of the devices One-wheel single drive state (for example, 2WD (FWD, RWD) described later) and a two-wheel drive state (for example, AWD described later) in which the vehicle is driven by both the first drive device and the second drive device.
- Driving state switching means for switching the vehicle, wherein the driving state switching means has a first speed threshold value (for example, a vehicle speed described below, for example) in which the vehicle speed correlation amount (for example, a vehicle speed described later) 0 km / h] (stopped)) or less, the two-wheel drive state until the second speed threshold (for example, a vehicle speed threshold A described later) is set to be equal to or higher than the first speed threshold.
- the vehicle drive system is characterized by prohibiting switching to the one-wheel single drive state.
- the drive state switching means when the drive state switching means is in the two-wheel drive state and the vehicle speed correlation amount is less than or equal to the first speed threshold, the drive state switching means It is prohibited to maintain the two-wheel drive state or switch to the one-wheel single drive state.
- the control device may determine that the vehicle stability is stable regardless of the excess slip generated in the vehicle when the speed correlation amount of the vehicle decreases.
- the first speed threshold at which the vehicle stability is determined to be stable regardless of the excess slip generated in the vehicle due to a decrease in the vehicle speed correlation amount is, for example, the vehicle speed when the vehicle is stopped [ 0 km / h].
- examples of the second speed threshold set to be equal to or higher than the first speed threshold include a vehicle speed of [20 km / h].
- the control device further includes slip correlation amount acquisition means (for example, a first determination unit 61 described later) for acquiring a slip correlation amount (for example, an integrated slip point described later) correlated with the excess slip generated in the vehicle.
- the driving state switching means is equal to or higher than a second speed threshold set to be equal to or higher than the first speed threshold when the speed correlation amount of the vehicle is equal to or lower than a first speed threshold in the two-wheel driving state.
- the two-wheel drive state is maintained until the slip correlation amount acquired by the slip correlation amount acquisition means in the two-wheel drive state is equal to or less than a slip threshold (for example, an excess slip threshold B described later) or the one wheel alone It is preferable to prohibit switching to the driving state.
- the driving state switching means is equal to or higher than the second speed threshold set to be equal to or higher than the first speed threshold when the vehicle speed correlation amount is equal to or lower than the first speed threshold in the two-wheel driving state, and Until the slip correlation amount acquired by the slip correlation amount acquisition means in the two-wheel drive state is equal to or less than the slip threshold, it is prohibited to maintain the two-wheel drive state or switch to the one-wheel single drive state.
- the control device may determine that the vehicle stability is stable regardless of the excess slip generated in the vehicle when the speed correlation amount of the vehicle decreases. That is, the slip correlation amount acquisition unit may decrease the slip correlation amount when the vehicle speed correlation amount decreases, and the control device may determine that the vehicle stability is stable.
- the first speed threshold at which the vehicle stability is determined to be stable regardless of the excess slip generated in the vehicle due to a decrease in the vehicle speed correlation amount is, for example, the vehicle speed when the vehicle is stopped [ 0 km / h].
- examples of the second speed threshold set to be equal to or higher than the first speed threshold include a vehicle speed of [20 km / h].
- the slip threshold value is decreased when the vehicle speed correlation amount is decreased, and thus the slip correlation amount is lower than the threshold value when the vehicle speed correlation amount is not decreased.
- the second speed threshold set to be equal to or higher than the first speed threshold when the speed correlation amount of the vehicle that may determine that the vehicle stability is stable is equal to or lower than the first speed threshold.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a vehicle drive system that can improve drive efficiency while ensuring vehicle stability by switching the drive force distribution of the vehicle at a more appropriate timing.
- FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the second drive device shown in FIG. 2. It is a figure which shows the state of the electric motor in the driving
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a vehicle equipped with a vehicle drive system 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the vehicle 3 equipped with the vehicle drive system 10 according to the present embodiment is a hybrid vehicle.
- a vehicle drive system 10 mounted on a vehicle 3 includes a first drive device 1, a second drive device 2, and an electronic control unit as a control device that controls these drive devices 1 and 2. (Hereinafter referred to as “ECU”) 6, a PDU (power drive unit) 8, and a battery 9.
- ECU electronice control unit 6
- PDU power drive unit
- the 1st drive device 1 is provided in the front part of vehicles 3, and drives front wheels Wf and Wf as the 1st drive wheel.
- the first drive device 1 includes an internal combustion engine (ENG) 4, an electric motor 5, and a transmission 7.
- the internal combustion engine 4 and the electric motor 5 are connected in series, and torques of the internal combustion engine 4 and the electric motor 5 are transmitted to the front wheels Wf and Wf via the transmission 7.
- the internal combustion engine 4 is an in-line four-cylinder engine, for example, and generates torque for running the hybrid vehicle 3 by burning fuel.
- the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine 4 is connected to the output shaft of the electric motor 5.
- the electric motor 5 is, for example, a three-phase AC motor, and generates torque for running the vehicle 3 by the electric power stored in the battery 9.
- the electric motor 5 is connected to the battery 9 via a PDU 8 equipped with an inverter, and assists the driving force of the internal combustion engine 4.
- the transmission 7 converts the torque generated in the internal combustion engine 4 into a rotation speed and torque at a desired gear ratio, and transmits them to the front wheels Wf and Wf.
- the second drive device 2 is provided at the rear portion of the vehicle 3 and drives rear wheels Wr (RWr, LWr) as second drive wheels.
- the 2nd drive device 2 has electric motors 2A and 2B. The torques of these electric motors 2A and 2B are transmitted to the rear wheels Wr (RWr, LWr).
- the electric motors 2 ⁇ / b> A and 2 ⁇ / b> B are, for example, three-phase AC motors, similarly to the electric motor 5, and generate torque for causing the vehicle 3 to travel using electric power stored in the battery 9.
- the electric motors 2A and 2B are connected to the battery 9 via the PDU 8 including an inverter. When a control signal from the ECU 6 is input to the PDU 8, power supply from the battery 9 and energy to the battery 9 are obtained. Regeneration is controlled.
- a friction brake (not shown) is provided on each of the four front wheels Wf and Wf and the rear wheels Wr (RWr and LWr).
- This friction brake is composed of, for example, a hydraulic disc brake.
- the depressing force is amplified and transmitted to the brake pad via a hydraulic cylinder, etc., and a frictional force is generated between the brake disk and the brake pad attached to each drive wheel.
- Each drive wheel is braked.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the second drive device 2 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the second drive device 2 shown in FIG.
- the second driving device 2 has output shafts 10 ⁇ / b> A and 10 ⁇ / b> B that transmit driving force to the rear wheels RWr and LWr of the vehicle 3, and is arranged coaxially in the vehicle width direction. Is done.
- These output shafts 10A and 10B are connected to the axles of the rear wheels RWr and LWr.
- the reduction gear case 11 has a cylindrical outer diameter side support portion 34 that extends in the axial direction slightly inside the outer wall portion.
- the outer diameter side support part 34 extends the support wall 39 to the inner peripheral side, and forms a cylindrical support part 40 at the inner peripheral tip of the support wall 39.
- the reduction gear case 11 is described in detail in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-235051 filed and published by the present applicant.
- the stators 14A and 14B of the electric motors 2A and 2B are fixed inside the left and right ends of the speed reducer case 11.
- Annular rotors 15A and 15B are rotatably arranged on the inner peripheral side of the stators 14A and 14B.
- Cylindrical shafts 16A and 16B surrounding the outer periphery of the output shafts 10A and 10B are coupled to the inner peripheral portions of the rotors 15A and 15B, and the cylindrical shafts 16A and 16B are coaxially supported with the output shafts 10A and 10B so as to be relatively rotatable. Is done.
- Resolvers 20A and 20B that detect rotational position information of the rotors 15A and 15B are provided on the end walls 17A and 17B of the speed reducer case 11.
- the planetary gear speed reducers 12A and 12B support sun gears 21A and 21B meshed with the cylindrical shafts 16A and 16B, a plurality of planetary gears 22A and 22B meshed with the sun gears 21A and 21B, and the planetary gears 22A and 22B.
- Planetary carriers 23A, 23B and ring gears 24A, 24B meshed with the outer peripheral sides of the planetary gears 22A, 22B.
- the driving forces of the motors 2A, 2B are input from the cylindrical shafts 16A, 16B and the sun gears 21A, 21B.
- the decelerated driving force is output from the sun gears 21A and 21B to the output shafts 10A and 10B through the planetary carriers 23A and 23B.
- a cylindrical space portion is secured between the outer diameter side support portion 34 of the reduction gear case 11 and the ring gears 24A, 24B, and hydraulic brakes 60A, 60B for braking the ring gears 24A, 24B are provided in the space portions.
- the first pinion 27A overlaps with the second pinion 26A in the radial direction and overlaps with the first pinion 27A in the axial direction.
- the hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B are spline-fitted to a plurality of fixed plates 35A and 35B that are spline-fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the outer diameter side support portion 34 of the speed reducer case 11 and the outer peripheral surfaces of the ring gears 24A and 24B.
- a plurality of rotating plates 36A, 36B are alternately arranged in the axial direction, and these plates 35A, 35B, 36A, 36B are fastened and released by annular pistons 37A, 37B.
- the pistons 37 ⁇ / b> A and 37 ⁇ / b> B are provided between the outer diameter side support portion 34 of the reduction gear case 11, the support wall 39 extending to the inner peripheral side, and the cylindrical support portion 40 formed at the inner peripheral tip of the support wall 39.
- the pistons 37A and 37B are advanced by introducing high-pressure oil into the cylinder chambers 38A and 38B, and the oil is discharged from the cylinder chambers 38A and 38B. As a result, the pistons 37A and 37B are retracted.
- the hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B are connected to an oil pump.
- the hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B advance the pistons 37A and 37B, thereby fastening the reduction gear case 11 and the ring gears 24A and 24B, and braking the ring gears 24A and 24B. Further, the hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B release the fastening between the reduction gear case 11 and the ring gears 24A and 24B by retreating the pistons 37A and 37B, and do not brake the ring gears 24A and 24B.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-235051 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-235051.
- a cylindrical space is also secured between the pistons 37A and 37B and the ring gears 24A and 24B. In the space, only power in one direction is transmitted to the ring gears 24A and 24B and power in the other direction is transmitted.
- a one-way clutch 50 for disengaging is arranged.
- the one-way clutch 50 is configured by interposing a large number of sprags 53 between the inner race 51 and the outer race 52, and the inner race 51 is configured to be able to rotate integrally with the gear portions 28A and 28B of the ring gears 24A and 24B.
- the outer race 52 is positioned by the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical support portion 40 of the speed reducer case 11 and is prevented from rotating.
- the one-way clutch 50 is configured to engage and lock (engage) the rotation of the ring gears 24A and 24B when the vehicle 3 travels forward by the driving force of the electric motors 2A and 2B. More specifically, the one-way clutch 50 is configured to lock (engage) or disconnect the ring gears 24A and 24B in the direction of the torque acting on the ring gears 24A and 24B, so that the vehicle 3 moves forward.
- the rotation direction of the sun gears 21A and 21B is the forward rotation direction
- the torque in the reverse rotation direction acts on each of the ring gears 24A and 24B
- the rotation of the ring gears 24A and 24B is locked (engaged).
- the planetary gear type speed reducers 12A and 12B are opposed in the axial direction at the center, and the ring gear 24A of the planetary gear type speed reducer 12A and the ring gear 24B of the planetary gear type speed reducer 12B. And the connected ring gears 24A and 24B are rotatably supported by the cylindrical support portion 40 of the outer diameter side support portion 34 via a bearing (not shown). Further, hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B are provided in the space between the outer diameter side support portion 34 and the ring gears 24A and 24B. A one-way clutch 50 is provided in the space between the pistons 37A and 37B and the ring gears 24A and 24B. Pistons 37A and 37B that operate the hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B are arranged between the hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B and the one-way clutch 50 and on the outer diameter side of the bearings.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a state of the electric motors 2A and 2B and a state of the separation mechanism (one-way clutch 50 and hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B) in the traveling state of the vehicle.
- the front represents the first drive device 1 that drives the front wheels Wf, Wf
- the rear represents the second drive device 2 that drives the rear wheels Wr (RWr, LWr)
- ⁇ indicates operation (including drive and regeneration).
- x means inactive (stopped).
- the MOT state represents the state of the electric motors 2A and 2B of the second drive device 2.
- the ON of the separation mechanism means that the ring gears 24A and 24B are locked (engaged). OFF means that each of the ring gears 24A and 24B is in a free state.
- OWC means the one-way clutch 50
- BRK means the hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B.
- the electric motors 2A, 2B are stopped.
- the separation mechanism is also inactive.
- the electric motors 2A and 2B of the second drive device 2 are driven when the EV starts.
- the separation mechanism is turned on by the one-way clutch 50, and the power of the electric motors 2A and 2B is transmitted to the rear wheels RWr and LWr.
- the two-wheel (four-wheel) drive state (AWD) in which both the first drive device 1 and the second drive device 2 are driven is entered.
- the separation mechanism is turned on by the one-way clutch 50.
- the power of the electric motors 2A and 2B is transmitted to the rear wheels RWr and LWr.
- the first driving device 1 is in the non-operating state, and the rear wheel single driving state (RWD) in which only the second driving device 2 is driven is set.
- the separation mechanism is turned on by the one-way clutch 50, and the power of the electric motors 2A and 2B is transmitted to the rear wheels RWr and LWr.
- the front drive single drive state (FWD) by the first drive device 1 is entered because the engine efficiency is good.
- the one-way clutch 50 is disconnected and turned off (OWC free), the hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B are not operated, and the electric motors 2A and 2B are stopped.
- the one-way clutch 50 is disengaged (OFFC free) in the disengaging mechanism, the hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B are not activated, and the electric motors 2A and 2B are stopped.
- the one-way clutch 50 of the separation mechanism is disconnected and turned OFF (OWC free).
- the hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B are engaged, and the power of the output shafts 10A and 10B is transmitted to the cylindrical shafts 16A and 16B, whereby regenerative charging is performed by the electric motors 2A and 2B.
- the motor 2A, 2B regenerates and collects the running energy in cooperation with the braking control for the friction brake, but the regeneration of the motors 2A, 2B is prohibited when emergency braking is required (for example, during ABS operation).
- priority is given to the braking control by the friction brake.
- the one-way clutch 50 is turned off (OWC free), and the hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B are not operated, thereby stopping the electric motors 2A and 2B.
- the first drive device 1 is stopped and the second drive device 2 is driven to become RWD, or the first drive device 1 and the second drive device 2 are both driven.
- the motors 2A and 2B rotate in the reverse direction, and the one-way clutch 50 of the separation mechanism is disengaged and turned off (OWC free).
- the hydraulic brakes 60A and 60B the power of the electric motors 2A and 2B is transmitted from the cylindrical shafts 16A and 16B to the rear wheels RWr and LWr via the output shafts 10A and 10B.
- the ECU 6 shapes an input signal waveform from various sensors, corrects a voltage level to a predetermined level, converts an analog signal value into a digital signal value, and a central processing unit (hereinafter, referred to as a central processing unit). "CPU").
- the ECU 6 includes a storage circuit that stores various calculation programs and calculation results executed by the CPU, and an output circuit that outputs a control signal to the PDU 8, the internal combustion engine 4, and the like.
- FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram showing a configuration of the ECU 6 according to the present embodiment.
- the ECU 6 includes a wheel speed sensor 91, an accelerator opening sensor 92, an engine speed sensor 93, a motor current sensor 94, a lateral G sensor 95, a vehicle speed sensor 96, a steering angle sensor 97, and a yaw rate sensor 98.
- detection signals of various sensors such as the front-rear G sensor 99 are input, and control signals are output to the PDU 8 and the internal combustion engine 4.
- the ECU 6 is a module for executing the drive state switching control, and includes a first determination unit 61, a second determination unit 62, a third determination unit 63, a drive state switching unit 64, and a stable travel determination unit 65. And comprising.
- a first determination unit 61 a second determination unit 62
- a third determination unit 63 a drive state switching unit 64
- a stable travel determination unit 65 a stable travel determination unit 65.
- the first determination unit 61 includes a slip acquisition unit 61a, an adjustment slip point calculation unit 61b, and an integrated slip point calculation unit 61c. In addition, the first determination unit 61 compares the integrated slip point with the excess slip threshold, and sets the slip AWD request flag to “1” or “0”.
- the slip acquisition unit 61a acquires that an excess slip, which is a predetermined slip or more, has occurred in the front wheels Wf, Wf as the first drive wheels or the rear wheels Wr (RWr, LWr) as the second drive wheels. Specifically, the slip acquisition unit 61a acquires that excess slip has occurred based on the wheel speed difference between the front wheels Wf, Wf and the rear wheels Wr (RWr, LWr) detected by the wheel speed sensor 91. . The slip acquisition unit 61a acquires that an excess slip has occurred when the vehicle 3 is stopped as in the case of traveling. Here, it can be considered that the vehicle 3 is traveling while always generating minute slips on the drive wheels even on a dry road in a high ⁇ state. Therefore, the “excess slip” in the present embodiment excludes such a minute slip.
- the adjusting / slipping point calculating unit 61b discretely calculates the adding / subtracting slip point that is the addition slip point or the subtraction slip point based on the fact that the slip acquisition unit 61a has acquired or has not acquired the occurrence of the excess slip. calculate. That is, the adjustment slip point calculation unit 61b calculates the addition slip point based on the fact that the slip acquisition unit 61a has acquired that an excess slip has occurred. Moreover, a subtraction slip point is calculated based on the fact that the slip acquisition unit 61a has not acquired that an excess slip has occurred.
- FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the adjustable slip point calculating unit 61b according to this embodiment.
- the adjustment slip point calculation unit 61b has a driving force correlation value correlated with the driving force of the drive wheel in which the excess slip has occurred. Based on this, an adjustable slip point is calculated.
- the driving force correlation value for example, a wheel (one wheel) driving force, a wheel (one wheel) torque, a driving force of the first driving device 1 and the second driving device 2 for driving the wheel, and a first for driving the wheel.
- the torque of the drive device 1 and the 2nd drive device 2 is mentioned, it demonstrates taking a wheel (one wheel) drive force as an example below.
- the adjustment slip point calculation unit 61 b includes an addition slip point calculation unit 68 and a subtraction slip point calculation unit 69.
- the addition / subtraction slip point calculation unit 61b calculates a positive addition slip point by the addition slip point calculation unit 68, and adds the calculated addition slip point to the integrated slip It transmits to the point calculation part 61c.
- the addition / subtraction slip point calculation unit 61b calculates a minus value subtraction slip point by the subtraction slip point calculation unit 69, and calculates the calculated subtraction slip point. It transmits to the integrated slip point calculation part 61c.
- the addition slip point calculation unit 68 includes a slip generation driving force addition unit 681 and a slip generation duration addition unit 682.
- the addition slip point calculation unit 68 calculates the addition slip point by adding up each addition slip point of the plus value calculated by each of these addition units.
- the driving force addition unit 681 at the time of slip occurrence searches the driving force addition slip point calculation table prepared and stored in advance according to the one-wheel driving force [N] at the time of occurrence of excess slip, thereby obtaining the added slip point as an addition slip point.
- a driving force addition slip point is calculated.
- the slip generation driving force addition unit 681 calculates a larger driving force addition slip point as the one-wheel driving force at the occurrence of excess slip is lower within a range that does not exceed the excess slip threshold.
- the one-wheel driving force [N] means the maximum driving force among the driving forces of the four wheels of the vehicle 3.
- the one-wheel driving force is detected by a sensor, for example, an accelerator opening detected by an accelerator opening sensor 92, an engine speed detected by an engine speed sensor 93, and motors 5, 2A, 2B. It is estimated and acquired based on each motor current detected by the motor current sensor 94.
- the excess slip threshold is an index for switching the driving state of the vehicle 3 to AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting when the slip AWD request flag is set to “1” or “0” via the first determination unit 61. As an appropriate value.
- the slip occurrence duration adding unit 682 calculates a time addition slip point that is created and stored in advance according to the slip occurrence duration [seconds], that is, the duration acquired by the slip acquisition unit 61a that an excess slip has occurred. By searching the table, a time addition slip point as an addition slip point is calculated. The slip occurrence duration adding unit 682 calculates a larger time addition slip point as the excess slip occurrence duration is longer until the accumulated value of the excess slip point exceeds the excess slip threshold. After the threshold value is exceeded, a time addition slip point of approximately 0 is continuously calculated.
- the subtraction slip point calculation unit 69 includes a driving force subtraction unit 691, a slip non-occurrence duration subtraction unit 692, a slip non-occurrence lateral G subtraction unit 693, and a slip non-occurrence. And a vehicle speed subtraction unit 694 at the time of occurrence.
- the subtraction slip point calculation unit 69 calculates a subtraction slip point by adding the subtraction slip points of negative values calculated by the subtraction units.
- the driving force subtraction unit 691 when slip does not occur searches for a driving force subtraction slip point calculation table created and stored in advance according to the one-wheel driving force [N] when excess slip does not occur, thereby subtracting slip points.
- the driving force subtraction unit 691 when no slip occurs calculates the driving force subtraction slip point as 0 when the one-wheel driving force when excess slip does not occur is less than a predetermined value, and the absolute value is relatively large when the slip is not less than a predetermined value.
- a constant driving force subtraction slip point is calculated.
- the slip non-occurrence continuation time subtracting unit 692 subtracts the time generated and stored in advance according to the excess slip non-occurrence continuation time [seconds], that is, the continuation time when the slip acquisition unit 61a does not acquire the occurrence of the excess slip. By searching the slip point calculation table, a time subtraction slip point is calculated as a subtraction slip point.
- the slip non-occurrence duration subtraction unit 692 calculates a constant time subtraction slip point having a relatively small absolute value regardless of the excess slip non-occurrence duration.
- the lateral G subtraction unit 693 searches the lateral G subtraction slip point calculation table created and stored in advance according to the lateral G detected by the lateral G sensor 95 when no excess slip occurs. A lateral G subtraction slip point is calculated as a subtraction slip point.
- the lateral G subtraction unit 693 calculates the lateral G subtraction slip point as 0 when the lateral G when the excess slip does not occur is less than a predetermined value, and the absolute value is relatively large when the slip is greater than the predetermined value. The lateral G subtraction slip point is calculated.
- the vehicle speed subtraction unit 694 when no slip occurs searches for a stored vehicle speed subtraction slip point calculation table created in advance according to the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 96 when no excess slip occurs, thereby obtaining a subtraction slip point.
- the vehicle speed subtraction slip point is calculated.
- the vehicle speed subtraction unit 694 when no slip occurs calculates a constant vehicle speed subtraction slip point having a relatively large absolute value when the vehicle speed when the excess slip does not occur is less than a predetermined value. Is calculated as 0.
- the integrated slip point calculating unit 61c integrates the added slip point calculated by the added slip point calculating unit 68 and the subtracted slip point calculated by the subtracted slip point calculating unit 69, thereby calculating the accumulated slip point over time. To calculate.
- the second determination unit 62 includes a lateral G calculation unit 62a. Further, the second determination unit 62 compares the calculated “horizontal G” with the threshold of the horizontal G, and sets the “horizontal G” AWD request flag to “1” or “0”.
- V is the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 96
- ⁇ is the tire steering angle detected by the steering angle sensor 97
- A is the stability factor
- L is the wheelbase.
- the lateral G calculation unit 62a as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- the third determination unit 63 includes an uphill angle estimation unit 63a. Further, the third determination unit 63 compares the estimated climbing angle with the threshold value of the climbing angle, and sets the climbing AWD request flag to “1” or “0”.
- the climbing angle estimation unit 63a estimates that a traveling direction climbing angle, which is an amount that increases as the traveling direction wheel of the vehicle 3 inclines above the opposite side wheel, has occurred in the vehicle 3. Specifically, the uphill angle estimation unit 63a estimates the uphill angle by the front / rear G sensor 99, which is a G sensor arranged separately in the front and rear of the vehicle 3.
- the one-wheel single drive state includes FWD that drives the vehicle 3 only by the front wheels Wf and Wf and RWD that drives the vehicle 3 only by the rear wheels Wr (RWr and LWr).
- the driving state switching unit 64 executes switching of driving force distribution in the AWD switched from FWD or RWD.
- the driving state switching unit 64 executes switching of driving force distribution in a state where AWD is maintained. Specifically, when the slip AWD request flag is set to “1” via the first determination unit 61, the driving state switching unit 64 switches the driving state of the vehicle 3 to AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting. .
- the driving state switching unit 64 sets the “horizontal G” AWD request flag to “1” via the second determination unit 62 and switches the driving state of the vehicle 3 to the AWD and lateral G front / rear distribution setting.
- the driving state of the vehicle 3 is switched to the AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting.
- the driving state switching unit 64 switches the driving state of the vehicle 3 to the AWD and lateral G front / rear distribution setting.
- the driving state switching unit 64 switches the driving state of the vehicle 3 to AWD and uphill front / rear distribution setting.
- the front / rear distribution setting means a distribution ratio of the driving force [N] between the traveling direction wheel of the vehicle 3 and its opposite side wheel.
- the driving force [N] is detected by the sensor, for example, the accelerator opening detected by the accelerator opening sensor 92, the engine speed detected by the engine speed sensor 93, and the electric motors 5, 2A, 2B, respectively. It is estimated and acquired based on each motor current detected by the provided motor current sensor 94.
- the drive state switching unit 64 changes the switching process according to the various flags switched from the previous 2WD to the AWD.
- the driving state switching unit 64 sets the slip AWD request flag to “1” via the first determination unit 61 and switches the driving state of the vehicle 3 to the AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting.
- the slip AWD request flag is set to “0” because the first switching condition is established through the first determination unit 61, and the driving state of the vehicle 3 is switched from AWD and the excess slip front / rear distribution setting to 2WD. Further, when the first switching condition is satisfied, the “horizontal G” AWD request flag is also set to “0”.
- the driving state switching unit 64 has the “horizontal G” AWD request flag set to “1” via the second determination unit 62 and switches the driving state of the vehicle 3 to the AWD and lateral G front / rear distribution setting.
- the driving state switching unit 64 sets the climbing AWD request flag to “1” via the third determination unit 63 and switches the driving state of the vehicle 3 to AWD and the climbing front / rear distribution setting.
- the climbing AWD request flag is set to “0” on the assumption that the third switching condition is established via the unit 63, and the driving state of the vehicle 3 is switched to AWD and ascending / descending distribution setting.
- the stable travel determination unit 65 determines whether or not the vehicle 3 is traveling stably. Specifically, when the slip AWD request flag, the “lateral G” AWD request flag, or the climbing AWD request flag is “1”, detection of the rudder angle sensor 97, the yaw rate sensor 98, the vehicle speed sensor 96, the wheel speed sensor 91, and the like. Whether or not the vehicle 3 is traveling stably is determined based on the value and the estimated value using the detected value. The stable travel determination unit 65 determines that the vehicle 3 is traveling stably by executing a stable travel determination subroutine.
- the stable travel determination unit 65 sets the stable travel determination flag to “1” when it is determined that the vehicle 3 is traveling stably, and the stable travel determination flag is set to “0” when it is determined that the vehicle 3 is not traveling stably.
- the stable travel determination flag is a permission determination flag for changing the settings of the slip AWD request flag and the “lateral G” AWD request flag, and the vehicle 3 travels stably with priority over other flags. And not forced to set.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a drive state switching control routine according to the present embodiment. This control processing routine is repeatedly executed by the ECU 6.
- step S1 the ECU 6 executes a first determination subroutine.
- the slip AWD request flag is set to “1” or “0”.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the first determination subroutine according to the present embodiment.
- the ECU 6 calculates an adjustment slip point by the adjustment slip point calculation unit 61b. Specifically, the ECU 6 calculates each added slip point by the driving force added slip point calculating process and the time added slip point calculating process, and then executes a process of adding the calculated added slip points. Similarly, after each subtraction slip point is calculated by the driving force subtraction slip point calculation process, the time subtraction slip point calculation process, the lateral G subtraction slip point calculation process and the vehicle speed subtraction slip point calculation process, each subtraction slip calculated Execute the process of adding points.
- step S102 the ECU 6 calculates the integrated slip point by integrating the added slip point or the subtracted slip point calculated in step S101 with the previous value of the integrated slip point by the integrated slip point calculating unit 61c. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S103.
- step S103 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the vehicle 3 is traveling. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S104 because it is FWD or RWD. If NO, the vehicle 3 stops even when the internal combustion engine 4 is operating, and the wheel speed sensor 91 does not detect the wheel speed difference between the front wheels Wf, Wf and the rear wheels Wr (RWr, LWr). The process proceeds to S106.
- step S104 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the integrated slip point calculated in step S102 is equal to or greater than the excess slip threshold A.
- the excess slip threshold A is an appropriate value as an index for switching the driving state of the vehicle 3 to AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting when the slip AWD request flag is set to “1” via the first determination unit 61. Is preset. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S105. If no, the process proceeds to step S108.
- step S105 the ECU 6 sets the slip AWD request flag to “1” and ends the first determination subroutine. As a result, switching to the AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting is executed.
- step S106 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the integrated slip point calculated in step S102 is equal to or less than the excess slip threshold B.
- the excess slip threshold B is an appropriate value as an index for switching the driving state of the vehicle 3 from AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting when the slip AWD request flag is set to “0” via the first determination unit 61. Is preset.
- the excess slip threshold value B is set to a value lower than the excess slip threshold value A in step S104 because the cumulative slip point calculated in step S102 is decreased by adding the subtraction slip point while the vehicle is stopped. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S107. If NO, the first determination subroutine is terminated. When the first determination subroutine is completed in this step, various flags maintain the previous settings.
- step S107 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 96 is equal to or higher than the vehicle speed threshold A.
- the vehicle speed threshold A is set to an appropriate value as an index for switching the driving state of the vehicle 3 from AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting when the slip AWD request flag is set to “0” through the first determination unit 61. It is set in advance. For example, the threshold value A of the vehicle speed is set to 20 km / h or the like that can surely indicate that the vehicle has stopped. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S108. If NO, the first determination subroutine is terminated. When the first determination subroutine is completed in this step, various flags maintain the previous settings.
- the ECU 6 may determine that the vehicle stability is stable regardless of the excess slip generated in the vehicle 3. That is, the integrated slip point calculating unit 61c may decrease the integrated slip point when the vehicle 3 is stopped, and the ECU 6 may determine that the vehicle stability is stable.
- the vehicle speed becomes equal to or higher than the vehicle speed threshold A.
- the AWD is maintained (or prohibited from being switched to 2WD) until the integrated slip point acquired by the integrated slip point calculating unit 61c by the AWD is equal to or less than the excess slip threshold B. Therefore, if the vehicle 3 is stopped with an AWD in which the slip AWD request flag is set to “1”, a switching condition from AWD to 2WD is added to increase the accuracy of the switching determination, thereby further ensuring vehicle stability. it can.
- step S108 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the slip AWD request flag is “1”. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S109. If NO, the first determination subroutine is terminated. When the first determination subroutine is completed in this step, the slip AWD request flag is “0”, but other flags maintain the previous settings.
- step S109 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the vehicle 3 is traveling stably by the stable traveling determination subroutine 1 of the stable traveling determination unit 65.
- the stable traveling determination flag is set to “1”, and when it is determined that the vehicle 3 is not traveling stably, the stable traveling determination flag is set to “0”.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a procedure of the stable running determination subroutine 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the ECU 6 determines whether or not the steering wheel angular velocity calculated by time differentiation of the steering wheel angle by the steering angle sensor 97 is smaller than a steering wheel angular velocity threshold value.
- the steering wheel angular velocity threshold is set in advance to an appropriate value as an index for setting the stable travel determination flag to “1” via the stable travel determination unit 65. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S1102. If NO, the process proceeds to step S1109, the counter value is reset to “0”, the process proceeds to step S1110, the stable travel determination flag is set to “0”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated.
- step S1102 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the yaw rate G calculated by multiplying the yaw rate detected by the yaw rate sensor 98 by the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 96 is smaller than the threshold value of the yaw rate G.
- the threshold value of the yaw rate G is set to an appropriate value in advance as an index for setting the stable travel determination flag to “1” via the stable travel determination unit 65. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S1103. If NO, the process proceeds to step S1109, the counter value is reset to “0”, the process proceeds to step S1110, the stable travel determination flag is set to “0”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated.
- step S1103 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the calculation “horizontal G” is smaller than the threshold A of the horizontal G.
- the calculation “lateral G” is calculated from the detection value of the lateral G sensor 95 or the like.
- the threshold value A for the lateral G is set in advance to an appropriate value as an index for setting the stable travel determination flag to “1” via the stable travel determination unit 65. If this determination is YES, processing proceeds to step S1104. If NO, the process proceeds to step S1109, the counter value is reset to “0”, the process proceeds to step S1110, the stable travel determination flag is set to “0”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated.
- step S1104 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 96 is larger than the vehicle speed threshold B and smaller than the vehicle speed threshold C.
- the vehicle speed thresholds B and C are preset to appropriate values as an index for setting the stable travel determination flag to “1” via the stable travel determination unit 65. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S1105. If NO, the process proceeds to step S1109, the counter value is reset to “0”, the process proceeds to step S1110, the stable travel determination flag is set to “0”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated.
- step S1105 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the wheel speed detected by the wheel speed sensor 91 is smaller than the wheel acceleration threshold value calculated by time differentiation.
- the wheel acceleration threshold value is preset to an appropriate value as an index for setting the stable travel determination flag to “1” via the stable travel determination unit 65. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S1106. If NO, the process proceeds to step S1109, the counter value is reset to “0”, the process proceeds to step S1110, the stable travel determination flag is set to “0”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated. As shown in FIG.
- the wheel acceleration threshold value in step S1105 in the stable travel determination subroutine in step S109 in the first determination subroutine in step S1 is the same as that in step S306 in the second determination subroutine in step S10 described later. It is smaller than the wheel acceleration threshold value in step S1105 in the stable running determination subroutine.
- This threshold constitutes the first switching condition.
- the reason is as follows.
- the stable running determination subroutine of step S109 in the first determination subroutine of step S1 is an AWD in which the slip AWD request flag is set to “1”, and an AWD in which the “lateral G” AWD request flag is set to “1”. It is used when the vehicle stability during traveling deteriorates. For this reason, the threshold value of the wheel acceleration is reduced to strengthen the switching condition from AWD to 2WD, making it difficult to switch from AWD to 2WD, and further ensuring vehicle stability.
- step S1106 the ECU 6 increments (+1) the counter value.
- step S1107 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the counter value is larger than the threshold value of the counter value.
- the threshold value of the counter value is set in advance to an appropriate value as an index for setting the stable travel determination flag to “1” via the stable travel determination unit 65. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S1108, the stable travel determination flag is set to “1”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated. If NO, the process proceeds to step S1110, the stable travel determination flag is set to “0”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated. As shown in FIG.
- the threshold value of the counter value in step S1107 in the stable travel determination subroutine in step S109 in the first determination subroutine in step S1 is the same as that in step S306 in the second determination subroutine in step S10 described later. It is larger than the threshold value of the counter value in step S1107 in the stable running determination subroutine.
- This threshold constitutes the first switching condition.
- the reason is as follows.
- the stable running determination subroutine of step S109 in the first determination subroutine of step S1 is an AWD in which the slip AWD request flag is set to “1”, and an AWD in which the “lateral G” AWD request flag is set to “1”. It is used when the vehicle stability during traveling deteriorates. For this reason, the threshold value of the counter value is increased to strengthen the switching condition from AWD to 2WD, making it difficult to switch from AWD to 2WD, and further ensuring vehicle stability.
- step S110 proceeding from the stable travel determination subroutine 1 in step S109, the ECU 6 determines whether or not the stable travel determination flag set by the stable travel determination in step S109 is “1”. If this determination is YES, since the stability of the vehicle 3 is secured, the process proceeds to step S111, the slip AWD request flag is set to “0”, and the first determination subroutine ends. If the determination is YES, if the “horizontal G” AWD request flag is “1”, the “horizontal G” AWD request flag is also set to “0”, and the first determination subroutine ends.
- slip AWD request flag and the “lateral G” AWD request flag are set to “0” and the first determination subroutine is finished, the slip AWD request flag and the “lateral G” AWD request flag are set to “0”.
- the uphill AWD request flag maintains the previous setting. If NO, the process proceeds to step S105, the slip AWD request flag is set to “1”, and then the first determination subroutine is terminated.
- step S2 that proceeds from the first determination subroutine of step S1
- the ECU 6 determines whether or not the slip AWD request flag is “1”. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S3. If NO, the process proceeds to step S7.
- step S3 the ECU 6 switches the driving state of the vehicle 3 to AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting.
- the front / rear distribution setting is switched to AWD with 55:45 (ratio when the total driving force is 100).
- step S4 the ECU 6 executes the third determination subroutine 1.
- the uphill AWD request flag is set to “1” or “0”.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a procedure of the third determination subroutine 1 according to the present embodiment.
- step S201 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the vehicle 3 is stopped. If this determination is YES, since the vehicle 3 is stopped, the process proceeds to step S202, and the estimated climb angle is compared with the threshold A of the climb angle. In the case of NO, since the vehicle 3 is traveling, the process proceeds to step S206.
- step S202 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the estimated climb angle is equal to or greater than the threshold A for the climb angle.
- the estimated uphill angle is estimated from the detection value of the front / rear G sensor 99.
- the threshold value A of the uphill angle is set to an appropriate value as an index for switching the driving state of the vehicle 3 to AWD and the uphill / downhill distribution setting when the uphill AWD request flag is set to “1” via the third determination unit 63. It is set in advance. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S203. If no, the process proceeds to step S204.
- step S203 the ECU 6 sets the climbing AWD request flag to “1” and ends the third determination subroutine 1. Thereby, switching to AWD and the up-and-down slope distribution setting is executed. That is, the climbing AWD request flag is set to “1” in preference to switching to the AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting due to the slip AWD request flag being set to “1” in step S3, which will be described later.
- step S6 the setting is forcibly switched to the AWD and the up-and-down distribution setting.
- step S204 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the estimated climb angle is equal to or less than the threshold B of the climb angle.
- the estimated uphill angle is estimated from the detection value of the front / rear G sensor 99.
- the threshold B of the climbing angle is set to an appropriate value as an index for switching the driving state of the vehicle 3 to the AWD and the climbing front / rear distribution setting when the climbing AWD request flag is set to “1” via the third determination unit 63. It is set in advance.
- the uphill angle threshold B is smaller than the uphill angle threshold A.
- step S205 the climbing AWD request flag is set to “1”, and the third determination subroutine 1 is ended.
- step S204 extends the determination from step S202 in the third determination unit 63 so that it can be processed even when the estimation error of the estimated climb angle is large.
- step S206 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the climbing AWD request flag is “1”. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S207. If NO, the third determination subroutine 1 is terminated. When the third judgment subroutine 1 is completed in this step, switching to AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting is executed. That is, switching to the AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting due to the slip AWD request flag being set to “1” in step S3 is maintained.
- step S207 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 96 is equal to or higher than the vehicle speed threshold value D.
- the vehicle speed threshold D is set to an appropriate value in advance as an index for switching the driving state of the vehicle 3 from the AWD and the up-and-down slope distribution setting when the uphill AWD request flag is set to “0” via the third determination unit 63. Is set.
- the threshold D of the vehicle speed is set to 20 km / h or the like that can be surely confirmed that the vehicle has stopped.
- step S5 proceeding from the third determination subroutine 1 in step S4, the ECU 6 determines whether or not the uphill AWD request flag is “1”. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S6. If NO, this routine is terminated. When this routine is finished in this step, switching to AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting is executed.
- step S6 the ECU 6 switches the driving state of the vehicle 3 to AWD and ascending / descending distribution setting. For example, it is switched to AWD with the front / rear distribution setting set to 50:50 (ratio when the total driving force is 100). Then, this routine ends.
- the ECU 6 sets the uphill AWD request flag to “1” in preference to switching to the AWD and excess slip front / rear distribution setting due to the slip AWD request flag being set to “1” in step S3. Forcibly switch to AWD and up / down distribution setting for uphill. That is, the switching determination of the third determination unit 63 has priority over the switching determination of the first determination unit 61.
- step S7 the ECU 6 executes the third determination subroutine 2.
- the uphill AWD request flag is set to “1” or “0”.
- FIG. 11 is also a flowchart showing the procedure of the third determination subroutine 2 according to the present embodiment.
- step S201 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the vehicle 3 is stopped. If this determination is YES, since the vehicle 3 is stopped, the process proceeds to step S202, and the estimated climb angle is compared with the threshold A of the climb angle. In the case of NO, since the vehicle 3 is traveling, the process proceeds to step S206.
- step S202 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the estimated climb angle is equal to or greater than the threshold A for the climb angle.
- the estimated uphill angle is estimated from the detection value of the front / rear G sensor 99.
- the threshold value A of the uphill angle is set to an appropriate value as an index for switching the driving state of the vehicle 3 to AWD and the uphill / downhill distribution setting when the uphill AWD request flag is set to “1” via the third determination unit 63. It is set in advance. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S203. If no, the process proceeds to step S204.
- step S203 the ECU 6 sets the climbing AWD request flag to “1” and ends the third determination subroutine 2. Thereby, switching to AWD and the up-and-down slope distribution setting is executed.
- step S204 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the estimated climb angle is equal to or less than the threshold B of the climb angle.
- the estimated uphill angle is estimated from the detection value of the front / rear G sensor 99.
- the threshold B of the climbing angle is set to an appropriate value as an index for switching the driving state of the vehicle 3 to the AWD and the climbing front / rear distribution setting when the climbing AWD request flag is set to “1” via the third determination unit 63. It is set in advance.
- this determination is YES
- the process proceeds to step S205, the climbing AWD request flag is set to “0”, and the third determination subroutine 1 is ended.
- step S205 the climbing AWD request flag is set to “1”, and the third determination subroutine 1 is ended.
- step S204 extends the determination from step S202 in the third determination unit 63 so that it can be processed even when the estimation error of the estimated climb angle is large.
- step S206 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the climbing AWD request flag is “1”. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S207. If NO, the third determination subroutine 2 is terminated. When the third determination subroutine 2 is completed in this step, the slip AWD request flag and the climbing AWD request flag are “0”. When the third determination subroutine 2 is completed in this step, the slip AWD request flag and the climbing AWD request flag are “0”.
- step S207 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 96 is equal to or higher than the vehicle speed threshold value D.
- the vehicle speed threshold D is set to an appropriate value in advance as an index for switching the driving state of the vehicle 3 from the AWD and the up-and-down slope distribution setting when the uphill AWD request flag is set to “0” via the third determination unit 63. Is set. For example, the threshold D of the vehicle speed is set to 20 km / h or the like that can be surely confirmed that the vehicle has stopped. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S205, the climbing AWD request flag is set to “0”, and the third determination subroutine 2 is ended.
- the slip AWD request flag and the uphill AWD request flag are “0”.
- the third determination subroutine 2 is terminated while the uphill AWD request flag is maintained at “1”.
- step S8 that proceeds from the third determination subroutine 2 of step S7, the ECU 6 determines whether or not the uphill AWD request flag is “1”. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S9. If no, the process proceeds to step S10.
- step S9 the ECU 6 switches the driving state of the vehicle 3 to AWD and uphill / downhill distribution setting. For example, it is switched to AWD with the front / rear distribution setting set to 50:50 (ratio when the total driving force is 100). Then, this routine ends.
- step S10 the ECU 6 executes a second determination subroutine.
- the “lateral G” AWD request flag is set to “1” or “0”.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the second determination subroutine according to the present embodiment.
- step S301 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the vehicle 3 is in RWD. If this determination is YES, since the vehicle 3 is in RWD, the process proceeds to step S302, and the calculated “lateral G” is compared with the threshold B of the lateral G. In the case of NO, since the vehicle 3 is in FWD or AWD, the process proceeds to step S304.
- step S302 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the calculation “horizontal G” is equal to or larger than the threshold B of the horizontal G.
- the calculation “lateral G” is calculated from the detection value of the lateral G sensor 95 or the like.
- the threshold value B of the lateral G is set to the AWD and lateral G longitudinal distribution setting when the “horizontal G” AWD request flag is set to “1” via the second determination unit 62 during RWD. An appropriate value is preset as an index to be switched. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S303. If no, the process proceeds to step S305.
- step S303 the ECU 6 sets the “lateral G” AWD request flag to “1” and ends the second determination subroutine. Thereby, switching to the AWD and lateral G front / rear distribution setting is executed.
- step S304 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the calculation “lateral G” is equal to or larger than the threshold C of the lateral G.
- the calculation “lateral G” is calculated from the detection value of the lateral G sensor 95 or the like.
- the threshold value C of the lateral G is determined by setting the driving state of the vehicle 3 to AWD and lateral G front / rear distribution when the “lateral G” AWD request flag is set to “1” via the second determination unit 62 during FWD or AWD. As an index for switching to the setting, an appropriate value is set in advance.
- the threshold value C for the lateral G is larger than the threshold value B for the lateral G because FWD and AWD tend to be understeered than RWD and vehicle stability is increased. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S303, the “horizontal G” AWD request flag is set to “1”, and then the second determination subroutine is terminated. If no, the process proceeds to step S305.
- step S305 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the “lateral G” AWD request flag is “1”. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S306. If NO, the second determination subroutine is terminated. When the second determination subroutine is completed in this step, the slip AWD request flag, the uphill AWD request flag, and the “lateral G” AWD request flag are “0”.
- step S306 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the vehicle 3 is traveling stably by the stable traveling determination subroutine 2 of the stable traveling determination unit 65.
- the stable traveling determination flag is set to “1”, and when it is determined that the vehicle 3 is not traveling stably, the stable traveling determination flag is set to “0”.
- FIG. 9 is also a flowchart showing a procedure of the stable running determination subroutine 2 according to the present embodiment.
- the ECU 6 determines whether or not the steering wheel angular velocity calculated by time differentiation of the steering wheel angle by the steering angle sensor 97 is smaller than a steering wheel angular velocity threshold value.
- the steering wheel angular velocity threshold is set in advance to an appropriate value as an index for setting the stable travel determination flag to “1” via the stable travel determination unit 65. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S1102. If NO, the process proceeds to step S1109, the counter value is reset to “0”, the process proceeds to step S1110, the stable travel determination flag is set to “0”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated.
- step S1102 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the yaw rate G calculated by multiplying the yaw rate detected by the yaw rate sensor 98 by the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 96 is smaller than the threshold value of the yaw rate G.
- the threshold value of the yaw rate G is set to an appropriate value in advance as an index for setting the stable travel determination flag to “1” via the stable travel determination unit 65. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S1103. If NO, the process proceeds to step S1109, the counter value is reset to “0”, the process proceeds to step S1110, the stable travel determination flag is set to “0”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated.
- step S1103 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the calculation “horizontal G” is smaller than the threshold A of the horizontal G.
- the calculation “lateral G” is calculated from the detection value of the lateral G sensor 95 or the like.
- the threshold value A for the lateral G is set in advance to an appropriate value as an index for setting the stable travel determination flag to “1” via the stable travel determination unit 65. If this determination is YES, processing proceeds to step S1104. If NO, the process proceeds to step S1109, the counter value is reset to “0”, the process proceeds to step S1110, the stable travel determination flag is set to “0”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated.
- step S1104 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 96 is larger than the vehicle speed threshold B and smaller than the vehicle speed threshold C.
- the vehicle speed thresholds B and C are preset to appropriate values as an index for setting the stable travel determination flag to “1” via the stable travel determination unit 65. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S1105. If NO, the process proceeds to step S1109, the counter value is reset to “0”, the process proceeds to step S1110, the stable travel determination flag is set to “0”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated.
- step S1105 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the wheel speed detected by the wheel speed sensor 91 is smaller than the wheel acceleration threshold value calculated by time differentiation.
- the wheel acceleration threshold value is preset to an appropriate value as an index for setting the stable travel determination flag to “1” via the stable travel determination unit 65. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S1106. If NO, the process proceeds to step S1109, the counter value is reset to “0”, the process proceeds to step S1110, the stable travel determination flag is set to “0”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated. As shown in FIG.
- the wheel acceleration threshold value in step S1105 in the stable travel determination subroutine in step S306 in the second determination subroutine in step S10 is the same as that in step S109 in the first determination subroutine in step S1 described above. It is larger than the wheel acceleration threshold value in step S1105 in the stable running determination subroutine.
- This threshold constitutes the second switching condition.
- the reason is as follows.
- the stable running determination subroutine of step S306 in the second determination subroutine of step S10 is an AWD in which the “lateral G” AWD request flag is set to “1”, and an AWD in which the slip AWD request flag is set to “1”. This is used when the vehicle stability during traveling does not deteriorate. For this reason, the threshold value of the wheel acceleration is increased to relax the switching condition from AWD to 2WD, to facilitate switching from AWD to 2WD, and to ensure vehicle stability.
- step S1106 the ECU 6 increments (+1) the counter value. After this step, the process proceeds to step S1109, the counter value is reset to “0”, the process proceeds to step S1110, the stable travel determination flag is set to “0”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated.
- step S1107 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the counter value is larger than the threshold value of the counter value.
- the threshold value of the counter value is set in advance to an appropriate value as an index for setting the stable travel determination flag to “1” via the stable travel determination unit 65. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S1108, the stable travel determination flag is set to “1”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated. If NO, the process proceeds to step S1110, the stable travel determination flag is set to “0”, and the stable travel determination subroutine is terminated. As shown in FIG.
- the threshold value of the counter value in step S1107 in the stable travel determination subroutine in step S306 in the second determination subroutine in step S10 is the same as that in step S109 in the first determination subroutine in step S1 described above. It is smaller than the threshold value of the counter value in step S1107 in the stable running determination subroutine. This threshold constitutes the second switching condition.
- the reason is as follows.
- the stable running determination subroutine of step S306 in the second determination subroutine of step S10 is an AWD in which the “lateral G” AWD request flag is set to “1”, and an AWD in which the slip AWD request flag is set to “1”. This is used when the vehicle stability during traveling does not deteriorate. For this reason, the threshold value of the counter value is reduced to relax the switching condition from AWD to 2WD, to facilitate switching from AWD to 2WD, and to ensure vehicle stability.
- step S307 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the stable travel determination flag set by the stable travel determination in step S306 is “1”. If this determination is YES, since the stability of the vehicle 3 can be secured, the process proceeds to step S308, the “lateral G” AWD request flag is set to “0”, and then the second determination subroutine ends. Here, the slip AWD request flag is not set. When the second determination subroutine is completed in this step, the slip AWD request flag, the uphill AWD request flag, and the “lateral G” AWD request flag are “0”. If no, the process proceeds to step S309.
- step S309 the ECU 6 determines whether or not the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 96 is equal to or less than the vehicle speed threshold value E.
- the threshold value E of the vehicle speed is appropriate as an index for switching the driving state of the vehicle 3 from the AWD and the lateral G front / rear distribution setting when the “lateral G” AWD request flag is set to “0” via the second determination unit 62.
- a preset value is set in advance. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S308, the “lateral G” AWD request flag is set to “0”, and the second determination subroutine ends.
- step S11 that proceeds from the second determination subroutine of step S10, the ECU 6 determines whether or not the “lateral G” AWD request flag is “1”. If this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S12. If NO, the process proceeds to step S13.
- step S12 the ECU 6 switches the driving state of the vehicle 3 to the AWD and lateral G front / rear distribution setting.
- the front / rear distribution setting is switched to AWD with 60:40 (ratio when the total driving force is 100).
- the ECU 6 determines that the slip AWD request flag is “0” in step S2 and enters the state where the AWD and the excess slip front / rear distribution setting is not switched, and then the “lateral G” AWD request flag is set to “1”. It is switched to the AWD and lateral G front / rear distribution setting due to the above. That is, the switching determination of the first determination unit 61 has priority over the switching determination of the second determination unit 62.
- step S13 the ECU 6 sets various AWD request flags to “0”, and switches the driving state of the vehicle 3 to 2WD, that is, FWD or RWD.
- the slip AWD request flag is set to “1” based on the accumulated slip point acquired by the accumulated slip point calculating unit 61c of the first determining unit 61, and after switching from 2WD to AWD, the first switching condition is If it is established, the slip AWD request flag is set to “0”, and the AWD is switched to 2WD. Further, after setting the “horizontal G” AWD request flag to “1” based on the calculation “horizontal G” acquired by the lateral G calculation B 62 a of the second determination unit 62 and switching from 2WD to AWD, the second switching condition is Since it is established, the “lateral G” AWD request flag is set to “0”, and the AWD is switched to 2WD.
- the first switching condition for setting the slip AWD request flag to “0” is different from the second switching condition for setting the “lateral G” AWD request flag to “0”.
- switching to 2WD based on the first switching condition for setting the previous slip AWD request flag to “1” or the second switching condition for setting the “lateral G” AWD request flag to “1” is more appropriate. It is possible to switch from AWD to 2WD at the timing. For example, when the first switching condition is satisfied and the slip AWD request flag is set from “1” to “0” and switching from AWD to 2WD, switching to 2WD is performed at a timing corresponding to the excess slip phenomenon that has occurred in the vehicle 3. Can do.
- the driving state switching unit 64 sets the slip AWD request flag to “0” when the timing for switching from AWD to 2WD based on the first switching condition or the second switching condition, or sets the “lateral G” AWD request flag. This is a case of setting to “0”, and does not limit whether the vehicle 3 is stopped or traveling. For this reason, switching from AWD to 2WD becomes the timing adapted according to various cases, and vehicle stability can be ensured. Thereby, even when the vehicle 3 is running as well as being stopped, switching from AWD to 2WD is effectively performed while ensuring vehicle stability at a more appropriate timing, and driving efficiency can be improved.
- the slip AWD request flag is set. Switch to AWD after setting to “1”, and set the slip AWD request flag and “lateral G” AWD request flag to “0” and switch to 2WD under the first switching condition.
- the vehicle 3 tends to have lower vehicle stability than the AWD corresponding to the lateral G generated in the vehicle 3 by the AWD corresponding to the excess slip phenomenon.
- the AWD is switched to the AWD corresponding to the excess slip phenomenon that tends to lower the vehicle stability.
- the slip AWD request flag and the “lateral G” AWD request flag are set to “0” under the first switching condition from the AWD switched corresponding to the excess slip phenomenon in which the vehicle stability tends to be further lowered.
- the slip AWD request flag and the “lateral G” AWD request flag are set to “0” under the first switching condition from the AWD switched corresponding to the excess slip phenomenon in which the vehicle stability tends to be further lowered.
- the drive state switching unit 64 sets only the “lateral G” AWD request flag to “0” as the first switching condition for setting the slip AWD request flag and the “lateral G” AWD request flag to “0”.
- the condition is set such that it is harder to switch than the second switching condition to be set.
- the vehicle 3 tends to have lower vehicle stability than the AWD corresponding to the lateral G generated in the vehicle 3 by the AWD corresponding to the excess slip phenomenon.
- the first switching condition for setting the slip AWD request flag and the “lateral G” AWD request flag to “0” is set, and the second switching for setting only the “lateral G” AWD request flag to “0”. It is difficult to switch to 2WD using the first switching condition from the AWD switched to the excess slip phenomenon where the vehicle stability tends to be lower than the condition, and the vehicle stability is more difficult to switch. It can be secured.
- the driving state switching unit 64 sets the slip AWD request flag to “0” based on the accumulated slip point acquired by the accumulated slip point calculating unit 61c and the vehicle speed of the vehicle 3. Switch from the set AWD to 2WD.
- the drive state switching unit 64 slips until the vehicle speed of the vehicle 3 is AWD or higher in the AWD and the cumulative slip point acquired by the cumulative slip point calculating unit 61c in the AWD is equal to or lower than the excess slip threshold B. It is prohibited to maintain the AWD in which the AWD request flag is set to “1” or to switch to 2WD in which the slip AWD request flag is set to “0”.
- the first determination unit 61 may determine that the vehicle stability is stable when the vehicle 3 is stopped. That is, the integrated slip point calculating unit 61c may decrease the integrated slip point when the vehicle 3 is stopped, and the first determining unit 61 may determine that the vehicle stability is stable.
- the vehicle speed of the vehicle 3 exceeds the vehicle speed threshold value A by AWD and the integrated slip point is calculated by AWD.
- the AWD with the slip AWD request flag set to “1” is maintained or switched to 2WD with the slip AWD request flag set to “0” until the integrated slip point acquired by the unit 61c is equal to or less than the excess slip threshold B. Is prohibited. Therefore, when the vehicle 3 is stopped, the switching condition to 2WD is added using the integrated slip point acquired by the integrated slip point calculation unit 61c and the vehicle speed of the vehicle 3 as parameters to increase the accuracy of the switching determination. More secure.
- various AWD request flags are set to “0” in step S13, and the driving state of the vehicle 3 is switched to 2WD.
- 2WD is not particularly limited to FWD or RWD.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- FWD or RWD may be selected in accordance with various AWD request flags set to “1”.
- the drive source for the rear wheels is only the electric motors 2A and 2B, but it may be engine driven.
- the 2nd drive device 2 on the rear-wheel side was made into the 2 motor system which comprises two electric motors 2A and 2B, a 1 motor system may be sufficient.
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Abstract
Description
この特許文献1によれば、車輪速差が左右・前後の車輪間のいずれかに発生し、AWDを行う必要があると判定された場合にのみ、AWDを行う。これにより、運転者がAWDを指定していてもAWDの必要のない場合にAWDを停止する。そのため、モータブラシの無駄な磨耗を抑制でき、モータ寿命を延ばし且つ燃費や電費(以下、「駆動効率」という。)を改善できるとされている。
これにより、先の第1双方輪駆動切替処理又は第2双方輪駆動切替処理に基づいて一方輪単独駆動状態に切り替えるため、より適切なタイミングで双方輪駆動状態から一方輪単独駆動状態に切り替えることができる。
例えば、スリップ相関量取得手段が取得したスリップ相関量に基づいた第1双方輪駆動切替処理後の第1一方輪単独駆動切替処理を行う場合、車両に発生した超過スリップ現象が解消したタイミングで一方輪単独駆動状態に切り替えることができる。このため、低μ状態の路面を脱した路面に合わせた第1切替条件が成立するタイミングで一方輪単独駆動状態となり、車両安定性を確保できる。
車両運動相関量取得手段が取得した車両運動相関量に基づいた第2双方輪駆動切替処理後の第2一方輪単独駆動切替処理を行う場合、車両が旋回方向運動又は横方向運動を行う車両運動状態が緩和した第2切替条件が成立するタイミングで一方輪単独駆動状態に切り替えることができる。このため、車両運動状態が緩和したタイミングで一方輪単独駆動状態となり、車両安定性を確保できる。
また、駆動状態切替手段は、第1一方輪単独駆動切替処理又は第2一方輪単独駆動切替処理に切り替えるタイミングが安定走行判定された場合であり、車両が停車中か走行中かを限定しない。このため、双方輪駆動状態から一方輪単独駆動状態に切り替えることが様々な場合に応じて適合されたタイミングとなり、車両安定性を確保できる。これにより、車両が停車中だけでなく走行中であっても、より適切なタイミングで双方輪駆動状態から一方輪単独駆動状態への切り替えが車両安定性を確保しつつ有効に行われ、駆動効率を向上できる。
ここで、一般的に車両は、超過スリップ現象に対応した双方輪駆動状態が車両の旋回方向運動又は横方向運動という車両運動状態に対応した双方輪駆動状態よりも車両安定性が低下する傾向がある。本発明によれば、車両の旋回方向運動又は横方向運動という車両運動状態に対応した双方輪駆動状態で超過スリップ現象が発生した場合に、車両安定性がより低下する傾向がある超過スリップ現象に対応した双方輪駆動状態に切り替える。そして、車両安定性がより低下している傾向がある超過スリップ現象に対応して切り替えられた双方輪駆動状態から第1切替条件で第1一方輪単独駆動切替処理を実行し、車両安定性をより確保できる。
ここで、一般的に車両は、超過スリップ現象に対応した双方輪駆動状態が車両の旋回方向運動又は横方向運動という車両運動状態に対応した双方輪駆動状態よりも車両安定性が低下する傾向がある。本発明によれば、第1切替条件を第2切替条件よりも切り替え難い条件に設定し、車両安定性が低下している傾向がある超過スリップ現象に対応して切り替えられた双方輪駆動状態から第1切替条件を用いて一方輪単独駆動状態に切り替え難く、車両安定性をより確保できる。
ここで、スリップ相関量取得手段は、車両の速度相関量が低下したときにスリップ相関量を低下させる。なお、車両の速度相関量が低下して車両に発生した超過スリップによらず車両安定性が安定したと判定してしまう第1速度閾値とは、例えば、車両が停車中である車速が[0km/h]などが挙げられる。本発明によれば、スリップ相関量取得手段が取得したスリップ相関量を低下させる車両の速度相関量が第1速度閾値以下となった場合に、スリップ相関量取得手段が取得したスリップ相関量及び車両の速度相関量をパラメータとして切り替え条件を追加して切り替え判断の精度を高めるため、車両安定性をより確保できる。
ここで、制御装置は、車両の速度相関量が低下したときに車両に発生した超過スリップなどによらず車両安定性が安定したと判定してしまうおそれがある。なお、車両の速度相関量が低下して車両に発生した超過スリップなどによらず車両安定性が安定したと判定してしまう第1速度閾値とは、例えば、車両が停車中である車速が[0km/h]などが挙げられる。また、第1速度閾値以上に設定された第2速度閾値とは、例えば、車速が[20km/h]などが挙げられる。本発明によれば、車両安定性が安定したと判定してしまうおそれがある車両の速度相関量が第1速度閾値以下となった場合に、第1速度閾値以上に設定された第2速度閾値以上となるまで、双方輪駆動状態を維持する又は一方輪単独駆動状態に切り替えることを禁止する。したがって、双方輪駆動状態で車両の速度相関量が第1速度閾値以下となった場合に、双方輪駆動状態から一方輪単独駆動状態への切り替え条件を追加して切り替え判断の精度を高めるため、車両安定性をより確保できる。
制御装置は、車両の速度相関量が低下したときに車両に発生した超過スリップなどによらず車両安定性が安定したと判定してしまうおそれがある。即ち、スリップ相関量取得手段が、車両の速度相関量が低下したときにスリップ相関量を低下させ、制御装置が、車両安定性が安定したと判定してしまうおそれがある。なお、車両の速度相関量が低下して車両に発生した超過スリップなどによらず車両安定性が安定したと判定してしまう第1速度閾値とは、例えば、車両が停車中である車速が[0km/h]などが挙げられる。また、第1速度閾値以上に設定された第2速度閾値とは、例えば、車速が[20km/h]などが挙げられる。また、スリップ閾値とは、スリップ相関量が車両の速度相関量が低下したときに低下するため、車両の速度相関量が低下しないときの閾値よりも低下する。本発明によれば、車両安定性が安定したと判定してしまうおそれがある車両の速度相関量が第1速度閾値以下となった場合に、第1速度閾値以上に設定された第2速度閾値以上となり且つ双方輪駆動状態でスリップ相関量取得手段が取得したスリップ相関量がスリップ閾値以下となるまで、双方輪駆動状態を維持する又は一方輪単独駆動状態に切り替えることを禁止する。したがって、双方輪駆動状態で車両の速度相関量が第1速度閾値以下となった場合に、双方輪駆動状態から一方輪単独駆動状態への切り替え条件を追加して切り替え判断の精度を高めるため、車両安定性をより確保できる。
図1は、本実施形態に係る車両駆動システム10を搭載した車両を示す図である。本実施形態に係る車両駆動システム10を搭載した車両3は、ハイブリッド車両である。図1に示すように、車両3に搭載された車両駆動システム10は、第1駆動装置1と、第2駆動装置2と、これらの駆動装置1,2を制御する制御装置としての電子制御ユニット(以下、「ECU」という。)6と、PDU(パワードライブユニット)8と、バッテリ9と、を備える。
図2は、本実施形態に係る第2駆動装置2の縦断面図である。図3は、図2に示す第2駆動装置2の部分拡大図である。
図2、図3に示すように、第2駆動装置2は、車両3の各後輪RWr,LWrに駆動力を伝える出力軸10A,10Bを有し、各々、車幅方向に同軸上に配置される。これら出力軸10A,10Bは、各後輪RWr,LWrの車軸に接続される。減速機ケース11の内部には、出力軸10A,10Bを駆動する電動機2A,2Bと、電動機2A,2Bの駆動回転を減速する遊星歯車式減速機12A,12Bと、が、出力軸10A,10Bと同軸上に配置される。
ここで、減速機ケース11は、外壁部よりも少し内側にて軸方向に伸びる筒状の外径側支持部34を有する。外径側支持部34は、支持壁39を内周側に延出し、支持壁39の内周先端に円筒状支持部40を形成している。減速機ケース11については、本出願人により出願されて公開された特開2010-235051号公報に詳しく記載されている。
ピストン37A,37Bは、減速機ケース11の外径側支持部34とその内周側に延出された支持壁39と支持壁39の内周先端に形成された円筒状支持部40との間に形成された環状のシリンダ室38A,38Bに進退自在に収容されており、シリンダ室38A,38Bへの高圧オイルの導入によってピストン37A,37Bを前進させ、シリンダ室38A,38Bからオイルを排出することによってピストン37A,37Bを後退させる。油圧ブレーキ60A,60Bはオイルポンプに接続される。
油圧ブレーキ60A,60Bは、ピストン37A,37Bを前進させることで、減速機ケース11とリングギヤ24A,24Bとを締結し、リングギヤ24A,24Bに対する制動を行う。また、油圧ブレーキ60A,60Bは、ピストン37A,37Bを後退させることで、減速機ケース11とリングギヤ24A,24Bとの締結を解放し、リングギヤ24A,24Bに対する制動を行わない。
なお、油圧ブレーキ60A,60B及びピストン37A,37Bの詳細については、特開2010-235051号公報を参照されたい。
一方向クラッチ50は、車両3が電動機2A,2Bの駆動力によって前進走行する際に係合してリングギヤ24A,24B同士の回転をロック(係合)するように構成される。より具体的には、一方向クラッチ50は、リングギヤ24A,24Bに作用するトルクの作用方向でリングギヤ24A,24B同士をロック(係合)又は切離するように構成され、車両3が前進する際のサンギヤ21A,21Bの回転方向を正転方向とするとリングギヤ24A,24Bそれぞれに逆転方向のトルクが作用する場合、リングギヤ24A,24B同士の回転をロック(係合)する。
図4は、車両の走行状態における電動機2A,2Bの状態と切離機構(一方向クラッチ50と油圧ブレーキ60A,60B)の状態を示す図である。
図4におけるフロントが前輪Wf,Wfを駆動する第1駆動装置1を表し、リアが後輪Wr(RWr,LWr)を駆動する第2駆動装置2を表し、○が作動(駆動、回生含む)を意味し、×が非作動(停止)を意味する。また、MOT状態が第2駆動装置2の電動機2A,2Bの状態を表す。切離機構のONが、リングギヤ24A,24B同士がロック(係合)されることを意味する。OFFが、リングギヤ24A,24Bそれぞれがフリー状態であることを意味する。また、OWCが一方向クラッチ50を意味し、BRKが油圧ブレーキ60A,60Bを意味する。
次いで、キーポジションをONにした後、EV発進時は、第2駆動装置2の電動機2A,2Bが駆動する。このとき、切離機構は一方向クラッチ50によってONとなり、電動機2A,2Bの動力が後輪RWr,LWrに伝達される。
続いて加速時には、第1駆動装置1と第2駆動装置2とのいずれも駆動する双方輪(4輪)駆動状態(AWD)となり、このときも、切離機構は一方向クラッチ50によってONとなり、電動機2A,2Bの動力が後輪RWr、LWrに伝達される。
低・中速域のEVクルーズでは、モータ効率が良いため第1駆動装置1が非作動状態で、第2駆動装置2のみが駆動する後輪単独駆動状態(RWD)となる。このときも、切離機構は一方向クラッチ50によってONとなり、電動機2A,2Bの動力が後輪RWr,LWrに伝達される。
また、自然減速する場合も、切離機構は、一方向クラッチ50が切離されてOFFとなり(OWCフリー)、油圧ブレーキ60A,60Bが作動せず、電動機2A,2Bが停止する。
通常走行では、摩擦ブレーキに対する制動制御と協調して電動機2A,2Bで回生して走行エネルギーを回収するが、緊急制動の要求(例えば、ABS作動時)には、電動機2A,2Bの回生を禁止して、摩擦ブレーキによる制動制御を優先する。この場合、一方向クラッチ50が切離されたOFF状態(OWCフリー)となり、油圧ブレーキ60A,60Bが作動しないことで、電動機2A,2Bを停止させる。
ECU6は、各種センサからの入力信号波形を整形し、電圧レベルを所定のレベルに修正し、アナログ信号値をデジタル信号値に変換するなどの機能を有する入力回路と、中央演算処理ユニット(以下、「CPU」という。)と、を具備する。この他、ECU6は、CPUによって実行される各種演算プログラム及び演算結果などを記憶する記憶回路と、PDU8や内燃機関4などに制御信号を出力する出力回路と、を具備する。
図5は、本実施形態に係るECU6の構成を示す機能ブロック図である。
図5に示すように、ECU6には、車輪速センサ91、アクセル開度センサ92、エンジン回転数センサ93、モータ電流センサ94、横Gセンサ95、車速センサ96、舵角センサ97、ヨーレートセンサ98及び前後Gセンサ99などの各種センサの検出信号が入力され、PDU8及び内燃機関4に制御信号を出力する。
また、ECU6は、駆動状態切替制御を実行するためのモジュールとして、第1判断部61と、第2判断部62と、第3判断部63と、駆動状態切替部64と、安定走行判定部65と、を含んで構成される。以下、各モジュールの機能について説明する。
ここで、車両3は、高μ状態の乾燥路においても常に駆動輪に微小なスリップを発生させながら走行しているとみなすこともできる。そのため、本実施形態における「超過スリップ」とは、このような微小なスリップを除外するものである。
図6に示すように、加減スリップポイント算出部61bは、超過スリップが発生したことをスリップ取得部61aが取得したとき、超過スリップが発生した駆動輪の駆動力に相関のある駆動力相関値に基づいて、加減スリップポイントを算出する。
ここで、駆動力相関値としては、例えば、車輪(一輪)駆動力、車輪(一輪)トルク、車輪を駆動する第1駆動装置1及び第2駆動装置2の駆動力、車輪を駆動する第1駆動装置1及び第2駆動装置2のトルクが挙げられるが、以下では車輪(一輪)駆動力を例に挙げて説明する。
また、加減スリップポイント算出部61bは、超過スリップが発生したことをスリップ取得部61aが取得しないとき、減算スリップポイント算出部69によってマイナス値の減算スリップポイントを算出し、算出された減算スリップポイントを積算スリップポイント算出部61cに送信する。
ここで、本明細書において一輪駆動力[N]とは、車両3の4輪それぞれの駆動力のうち、最大の駆動力を意味する。一輪駆動力は、センサによって検出される他、例えば、アクセル開度センサ92によって検出されたアクセル開度、エンジン回転数センサ93によって検出されたエンジン回転数、電動機5,2A,2Bそれぞれに設けられたモータ電流センサ94によって検出された各モータ電流などに基づいて推定されて、取得される。
また、超過スリップの閾値は、第1判断部61を介してスリップAWD要求フラグを「1」又は「0」に設定するとき、車両3の駆動状態をAWD且つ超過スリップ用前後配分設定に切り替える指標として、適切な値に予め設定される。
或いは、横G算出部62aは、特開2013-209048号公報に開示されたように、
横G=(V2×σ)/(1+A+V2)/L ・・・式(1)
により横Gを算出する。
ここで、式(1)において、Vが車速センサ96の検出した車速であり、σが舵角センサ97の検出したタイヤ舵角であり、Aがスタビリティファクタであり、Lがホイールベースである。
同様に、横G算出部62aは、特開2013-209048号公報に開示されたように、
横G=Yr×V ・・・式(2)
により横Gを算出する。
ここで、式(2)において、Yrがヨーレートセンサ98の検出したヨーレートであり、Vが車速センサ96の検出した車速である。
ここで、一方輪単独駆動状態としては、前輪Wf,Wfのみによって車両3を駆動するFWDと、後輪Wr(RWr,LWr)のみによって車両3を駆動するRWDがある。
即ち、駆動状態切替部64は、FWD又はRWDから切り替えたAWDでの駆動力配分の切り替えを実行する。或いは、駆動状態切替部64は、AWDを維持した状態での駆動力配分の切り替えを実行する。
具体的には、駆動状態切替部64は、第1判断部61を介してスリップAWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたとき、車両3の駆動状態をAWD且つ超過スリップ用前後配分設定に切り替える。
ここで、駆動状態切替部64は、第2判断部62を介して「横G」AWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されて車両3の駆動状態をAWD且つ横G用前後配分設定に切り替えた状態であっても、第1判断部61を介してスリップAWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたとき、車両3の駆動状態をAWD且つ超過スリップ用前後配分設定に切り替える。
また、駆動状態切替部64は、第2判断部62を介して「横G」AWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたとき、車両3の駆動状態をAWD且つ横G用前後配分設定に切り替える。
また、駆動状態切替部64は、第3判断部63を介して登坂AWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたとき、車両3の駆動状態をAWD且つ登坂用前後配分設定に切り替える。
ここで、前後配分設定とは、車両3の進行方向輪とその反対側輪との駆動力[N]の配分比率を意味する。駆動力[N]は、センサによって検出される他、例えば、アクセル開度センサ92によって検出されたアクセル開度、エンジン回転数センサ93によって検出されたエンジン回転数、電動機5,2A,2Bそれぞれに設けられたモータ電流センサ94によって検出された各モータ電流などに基づいて推定されて、取得される。
ここで、駆動状態切替部64は、AWDから2WDに切り替えるときに、先の2WDからAWDに切り替えた各種フラグに応じて切替処理を異ならせる。
具体的には、駆動状態切替部64は、第1判断部61を介してスリップAWD要求フラグが「1」に設定され、車両3の駆動状態をAWD且つ超過スリップ用前後配分設定に切り替えた後に、第1判断部61を介して第1切替条件が成立したとしてスリップAWD要求フラグが「0」に設定され、車両3の駆動状態をAWD且つ超過スリップ用前後配分設定から2WDに切り替える。また、第1切替条件が成立したときには、「横G」AWD要求フラグも「0」に設定される。
また、駆動状態切替部64は、第2判断部62を介して「横G」AWD要求フラグが「1」に設定され、車両3の駆動状態をAWD且つ横G用前後配分設定に切り替えた後に、第2判断部62を介して第2切替条件が成立したとして「横G」AWD要求フラグのみが「0」に設定され、車両3の駆動状態をAWD且つ横G用前後配分設定から2WDに切り替える。
また、駆動状態切替部64は、第3判断部63を介して登坂AWD要求フラグが「1」に設定され、車両3の駆動状態をAWD且つ登坂用前後配分設定に切り替えた後に、第3判断部63を介して第3切替条件が成立したとして登坂AWD要求フラグが「0」に設定され、車両3の駆動状態をAWD且つ登坂用前後配分設定に切り替える。
図7は、本実施形態に係る駆動状態切替制御ルーチンの手順を示すフローチャートである。この制御処理ルーチンは、ECU6で繰り返し実行される。
ステップS101では、ECU6は、加減スリップポイント算出部61bによって加減スリップポイントを算出する。具体的には、ECU6は、駆動力加算スリップポイント算出処理及び時間加算スリップポイント算出処理によって各加算スリップポイントを算出した後、算出された各加算スリップポイントを合算する処理を実行する。また、同様に、駆動力減算スリップポイント算出処理、時間減算スリップポイント算出処理、横G減算スリップポイント算出処理及び車速減算スリップポイント算出処理によって各減算スリップポイントを算出した後、算出された各減算スリップポイントを合算する処理を実行する。
本実施形態によれば、第1判断サブルーチンがステップS106,S107を含むことで、車両安定性が安定したと判定してしまうおそれがある車両3が停車中であると、車速の閾値A以上となり且つAWDで積算スリップポイント算出部61cが取得した積算スリップポイントが超過スリップの閾値B以下となるまで、AWDを維持する(又は2WDに切り替えることを禁止する)。したがって、スリップAWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたAWDで車両3が停車中であると、AWDから2WDへの切り替え条件を追加して切り替え判断の精度を高めるため、車両安定性をより確保できる。
ステップS1101では、ECU6は、舵角センサ97によってハンドル角を時間微分して算出されるハンドル角速度がハンドル角速度の閾値より小さいか否かを判別する。ハンドル角速度の閾値は、安定走行判定部65を介して安定走行判定フラグを「1」に設定する指標として、適切な値に予め設定される。この判別がYESの場合、ステップS1102に進む。NOの場合、ステップS1109に進み、カウンタ値を「0」にリセットし、ステップS1110に進み、安定走行判定フラグを「0」に設定した後、安定走行判定サブルーチンを終了する。
なお、図10に示すように、ステップS1の第1判断サブルーチンでのステップS109の安定走行判定サブルーチン内のステップS1105の車輪加速度の閾値は、後述のステップS10の第2判断サブルーチンでのステップS306の安定走行判定サブルーチン内のステップS1105の車輪加速度の閾値よりも小さい。この閾値は、第1切替条件を構成する。その理由は以下の通りである。ステップS1の第1判断サブルーチンでのステップS109の安定走行判定サブルーチンは、スリップAWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたAWDであり、「横G」AWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたAWDよりも走行中の車両安定性が悪化する場合に用いられる。このため、車輪加速度の閾値を小さくしてAWDから2WDへの切り替え条件を強化し、AWDから2WDへ切り替え難くし、車両安定性をより確保している。
なお、図10に示すように、ステップS1の第1判断サブルーチンでのステップS109の安定走行判定サブルーチン内のステップS1107のカウンタ値の閾値は、後述のステップS10の第2判断サブルーチンでのステップS306の安定走行判定サブルーチン内のステップS1107のカウンタ値の閾値よりも大きい。この閾値は、第1切替条件を構成する。その理由は以下の通りである。ステップS1の第1判断サブルーチンでのステップS109の安定走行判定サブルーチンは、スリップAWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたAWDであり、「横G」AWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたAWDよりも走行中の車両安定性が悪化する場合に用いられる。このため、カウンタ値の閾値を大きくしてAWDから2WDへの切り替え条件を強化し、AWDから2WDへ切り替え難くし、車両安定性をより確保している。
ステップS201では、ECU6は、車両3が停車中であるか否かを判別する。この判別がYESの場合、車両3が停車中であるためステップS202に進み、推定登坂角を登坂角の閾値Aと比較する。NOの場合、車両3が走行中であるためステップS206に進む。
なお、ステップS204は、推定登坂角の推定誤差が大きい場合でも処理できるように、第3判断部63におけるステップS202からの判断を長期化させている。
ECU6は、ステップS3でのスリップAWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたことによるAWD且つ超過スリップ用前後配分設定に切り替えることに優先して、登坂AWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたことによるAWD且つ登坂用前後配分設定に強制的に切り替える。即ち、第3判断部63の切り替え判断は、第1判断部61の切り替え判断よりも優先される。
ステップS201では、ECU6は、車両3が停車中であるか否かを判別する。この判別がYESの場合、車両3が停車中であるためステップS202に進み、推定登坂角を登坂角の閾値Aと比較する。NOの場合、車両3が走行中であるためステップS206に進む。
なお、ステップS204は、推定登坂角の推定誤差が大きい場合でも処理できるように、第3判断部63におけるステップS202からの判断を長期化させている。
ステップS301では、ECU6は、車両3がRWD中であるか否かを判別する。この判別がYESの場合、車両3がRWD中であるためステップS302に進み、算出「横G」を横Gの閾値Bと比較する。NOの場合、車両3がFWD又はAWD中であるためステップS304に進む。
ステップS1101では、ECU6は、舵角センサ97によってハンドル角を時間微分して算出されるハンドル角速度がハンドル角速度の閾値より小さいか否かを判別する。ハンドル角速度の閾値は、安定走行判定部65を介して安定走行判定フラグを「1」に設定する指標として、適切な値に予め設定される。この判別がYESの場合、ステップS1102に進む。NOの場合、ステップS1109に進み、カウンタ値を「0」にリセットし、ステップS1110に進み、安定走行判定フラグを「0」に設定した後、安定走行判定サブルーチンを終了する。
なお、図10に示すように、ステップS10の第2判断サブルーチンでのステップS306の安定走行判定サブルーチン内のステップS1105の車輪加速度の閾値は、前述のステップS1の第1判断サブルーチンでのステップS109の安定走行判定サブルーチン内のステップS1105の車輪加速度の閾値よりも大きい。この閾値は、第2切替条件を構成する。その理由は以下の通りである。ステップS10の第2判断サブルーチンでのステップS306の安定走行判定サブルーチンは、「横G」AWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたAWDであり、スリップAWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたAWDよりも走行中の車両安定性が悪化しない場合に用いられる。このため、車輪加速度の閾値を大きくしてAWDから2WDへの切り替え条件を緩和し、AWDから2WDへ切り替え易くし、車両安定性をより確保している。
なお、図10に示すように、ステップS10の第2判断サブルーチンでのステップS306の安定走行判定サブルーチン内のステップS1107のカウンタ値の閾値は、前述のステップS1の第1判断サブルーチンでのステップS109の安定走行判定サブルーチン内のステップS1107のカウンタ値の閾値よりも小さい。この閾値は、第2切替条件を構成する。その理由は以下の通りである。ステップS10の第2判断サブルーチンでのステップS306の安定走行判定サブルーチンは、「横G」AWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたAWDであり、スリップAWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたAWDよりも走行中の車両安定性が悪化しない場合に用いられる。このため、カウンタ値の閾値を小さくしてAWDから2WDへの切り替え条件を緩和し、AWDから2WDへ切り替え易くし、車両安定性をより確保している。
ECU6は、ステップS2でスリップAWD要求フラグが「0」であると判定してAWD且つ超過スリップ用前後配分設定に切り替えない状態となった後に、「横G」AWD要求フラグが「1」に設定されたことによるAWD且つ横G用前後配分設定に切り替える。即ち、第1判断部61の切り替え判断は、第2判断部62の切り替え判断よりも優先される。
これにより、先のスリップAWD要求フラグを「1」に設定する第1切替条件又は「横G」AWD要求フラグを「1」に設定する第2切替条件に基づいて2WDに切り替えるため、より適切なタイミングでAWDから2WDに切り替えることができる。
例えば、第1切替条件が成立してスリップAWD要求フラグを「1」から「0」に設定し、AWDから2WDに切り替える場合、車両3に発生した超過スリップ現象に応じたタイミングで2WDに切り替えることができる。このため、低μ状態の路面を脱した路面に合わせた第1切替条件が成立するタイミングで2WDとなり、車両安定性を確保できる。
第2切替条件が成立して「横G」AWD要求フラグを「1」から「横G」AWD要求フラグを「0」に設定し、AWDから2WDに切り替える場合、車両3に発生した横Gが緩和したタイミングで2WDに切り替えることができる。このため、車両3に発生した横Gが緩和した第2切替条件が成立するタイミングで2WDとなり、車両安定性を確保できる。
また、駆動状態切替部64は、第1切替条件又は第2切替条件に基づいてAWDから2WDに切り替えるタイミングがスリップAWD要求フラグを「0」に設定する場合や、「横G」AWD要求フラグを「0」に設定する場合であり、車両3が停車中か走行中かを限定しない。このため、AWDから2WDに切り替えることが様々な場合に応じて適合されたタイミングとなり、車両安定性を確保できる。これにより、車両3が停車中だけでなく走行中であっても、より適切なタイミングでAWDから2WDへの切り替えが車両安定性を確保しつつ有効に行われ、駆動効率を向上できる。
ここで、一般的に車両3は、超過スリップ現象に対応したAWDが車両3に発生した横Gに対応したAWDよりも車両安定性が低下する傾向がある。本実施形態によれば、車両3に発生した横Gに対応したAWDで超過スリップ現象が発生した場合に、車両安定性がより低下する傾向がある超過スリップ現象に対応したAWDに切り替える。そして、車両安定性がより低下している傾向がある超過スリップ現象に対応して切り替えられたAWDから第1切替条件でスリップAWD要求フラグ及び「横G」AWD要求フラグを「0」に設定して2WDに切り替え、車両安定性をより確保できる。
ここで、一般的に車両3は、超過スリップ現象に対応したAWDが車両3に発生した横Gに対応したAWDよりも車両安定性が低下する傾向がある。本実施形態によれば、スリップAWD要求フラグ及び「横G」AWD要求フラグを「0」に設定する第1切替条件を、「横G」AWD要求フラグのみを「0」に設定する第2切替条件よりも切り替え難い条件に設定し、車両安定性が低下している傾向がある超過スリップ現象に対応して切り替えられたAWDから第1切替条件を用いて2WDに切り替え難く、車両安定性をより確保できる。
言い換えると、駆動状態切替部64が、AWDで車両3の車速が車速の閾値A以上となり且つAWDで積算スリップポイント算出部61cが取得した積算スリップポイントが超過スリップの閾値B以下となるまで、スリップAWD要求フラグを「1」に設定したAWDを維持する又はスリップAWD要求フラグを「0」に設定した2WDに切り替えることを禁止する。
ここで、第1判断部61は、車両3が停車中であると、車両安定性が安定したと判定してしまうおそれがある。即ち、積算スリップポイント算出部61cが、車両3が停車中であると積算スリップポイントを低下させ、第1判断部61が、車両安定性が安定したと判定してしまうおそれがある。本実施形態によれば、車両安定性が安定したと判定してしまうおそれがある車両3が停車中であると、AWDで車両3の車速が車速の閾値A以上となり且つAWDで積算スリップポイント算出部61cが取得した積算スリップポイントが超過スリップの閾値B以下となるまで、スリップAWD要求フラグを「1」に設定したAWDを維持する又はスリップAWD要求フラグを「0」に設定した2WDに切り替えることを禁止する。したがって、車両3が停車中であると、積算スリップポイント算出部61cが取得した積算スリップポイント及び車両3の車速をパラメータとして2WDへの切り替え条件を追加して切り替え判断の精度を高めるため、車両安定性をより確保できる。
また、上記実施形態では、後輪側の第2駆動装置2を2つの電動機2A,2Bを具備する2モータ方式としたが、1モータ方式であってもよい。
2…第2駆動装置
3…車両
6…ECU(制御装置)
10…車両駆動システム
61…第1判断部(第1判断手段)
62…第2判断部(第2判断手段)
64…駆動状態切替部
Claims (6)
- 車両の前輪及び後輪のいずれか一方である第1駆動輪を駆動する第1駆動装置と、
前記車両の前輪及び後輪のいずれか他方である第2駆動輪を駆動する第2駆動装置と、
前記第1駆動装置及び前記第2駆動装置を制御し、前記第1駆動輪及び前記第2駆動輪の駆動状態を制御する制御装置と、を備える車両駆動システムであって、
前記制御装置は、
前記車両に発生した超過スリップに相関のあるスリップ相関量を取得するスリップ相関量取得手段と、
前記車両の旋回方向運動又は横方向運動に相関のある車両運動相関量を取得する車両運動相関量取得手段と、
前記第1駆動装置又は前記第2駆動装置のいずれか一方のみで前記車両を駆動する一方輪単独駆動状態と前記第1駆動装置及び前記第2駆動装置の双方で前記車両を駆動する双方輪駆動状態とを切り替える駆動状態切替手段と、を有し、
前記駆動状態切替手段は、
前記スリップ相関量取得手段が取得したスリップ相関量に基づいて前記一方輪単独駆動状態から前記双方輪駆動状態に切り替える第1双方輪駆動切替処理と、
前記車両運動相関量取得手段が取得した車両運動相関量に基づいて前記一方輪単独駆動状態から前記双方輪駆動状態に切り替える第2双方輪駆動切替処理と、
前記第1双方輪駆動切替処理後の前記双方輪駆動状態から前記一方輪単独駆動状態に第1切替条件で切り替える第1一方輪単独駆動切替処理と、
前記第2双方輪駆動切替処理後の前記双方輪駆動状態から前記一方輪単独駆動状態に第2切替条件で切り替える第2一方輪単独駆動切替処理と、を実行し、
前記第1切替条件と前記第2切替条件とを異ならせることを特徴とする車両駆動システム。 - 請求項1に記載の車両駆動システムにおいて、
前記駆動状態切替手段は、
前記第2双方輪駆動切替処理後の前記双方輪駆動状態で前記第1双方輪駆動切替処理の条件が成立した場合に、前記第1双方輪駆動切替処理後の前記双方輪駆動状態に切り替え、前記第1切替条件で前記第1一方輪単独駆動切替処理を実行することを特徴とする車両駆動システム。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の車両駆動システムにおいて、
前記駆動状態切替手段は、
前記第1切替条件を前記第2切替条件よりも切り替え難い条件に設定することを特徴とする車両駆動システム。 - 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の車両駆動システムにおいて、
前記駆動状態切替手段は、
前記車両の速度相関量が第1速度閾値以下となった場合に、前記スリップ相関量取得手段が取得したスリップ相関量及び前記車両の速度相関量に基づいて前記第1一方輪単独駆動切替処理を実行することを特徴とする車両駆動システム。 - 車両の前輪及び後輪のいずれか一方である第1駆動輪を駆動する第1駆動装置と、
前記車両の前輪及び後輪のいずれか他方である第2駆動輪を駆動する第2駆動装置と、
前記第1駆動装置及び前記第2駆動装置を制御し、前記第1駆動輪及び前記第2駆動輪の駆動状態を制御する制御装置と、を備える車両駆動システムであって、
前記制御装置は、
前記第1駆動装置又は前記第2駆動装置のいずれか一方のみで前記車両を駆動する一方輪単独駆動状態と前記第1駆動装置及び前記第2駆動装置の双方で前記車両を駆動する双方輪駆動状態とを切り替える駆動状態切替手段と、を有し、
前記駆動状態切替手段は、
前記双方輪駆動状態で前記車両の速度相関量が第1速度閾値以下となった場合に、前記第1速度閾値以上に設定された第2速度閾値以上となるまで、前記双方輪駆動状態を維持する又は前記一方輪単独駆動状態に切り替えることを禁止することを特徴とする車両駆動システム。 - 請求項5に記載の車両駆動システムにおいて、
前記制御装置は、
前記車両に発生した超過スリップに相関のあるスリップ相関量を取得するスリップ相関量取得手段を更に有し、
前記駆動状態切替手段は、
前記双方輪駆動状態で前記車両の速度相関量が第1速度閾値以下となった場合に、前記第1速度閾値以上に設定された第2速度閾値以上となり且つ前記双方輪駆動状態で前記スリップ相関量取得手段が取得したスリップ相関量がスリップ閾値以下となるまで、前記双方輪駆動状態を維持する又は前記一方輪単独駆動状態に切り替えることを禁止することを特徴とする車両駆動システム。
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