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WO2015089185A1 - I-beam with reinforced skin - Google Patents

I-beam with reinforced skin Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2015089185A1
WO2015089185A1 PCT/US2014/069546 US2014069546W WO2015089185A1 WO 2015089185 A1 WO2015089185 A1 WO 2015089185A1 US 2014069546 W US2014069546 W US 2014069546W WO 2015089185 A1 WO2015089185 A1 WO 2015089185A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
assembly
fibers
web
reinforcing skins
polymer material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2014/069546
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Christopher Johnston
Original Assignee
Continental Structural Plastics, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Structural Plastics, Inc. filed Critical Continental Structural Plastics, Inc.
Priority to CN201480072810.6A priority Critical patent/CN106103203A/en
Priority to EP14870201.2A priority patent/EP3079951A4/en
Priority to US15/102,911 priority patent/US20160311467A1/en
Publication of WO2015089185A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015089185A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/24—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles
    • B60R19/26—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles comprising yieldable mounting means
    • B60R19/34—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles comprising yieldable mounting means destroyed upon impact, e.g. one-shot type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/38—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/15—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted having impact absorbing means, e.g. a frame designed to permanently or temporarily change shape or dimension upon impact with another body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/04—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of synthetic material
    • B62D29/041—Understructures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
    • B32B2323/10—Polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R2019/1806—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing
    • B60R2019/1833—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of plastic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R2019/186—Additional energy absorbing means supported on bumber beams, e.g. cellular structures or material

Definitions

  • the present invention in general relates to composites and in particular to a composite I-beam structure with continuous fiber skins on the tension and compression sides of the I-beam and over-molding of a short fiber material to the continuous fiber skins.
  • Composite materials are materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties, that when combined, produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components. The individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure.
  • a composite material may be preferred for many reasons: common examples include materials which are stronger, lighter, or less expensive when compared to traditional materials.
  • Structural automotive components are designed to protect vehicle occupants in high speed accidents by absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy. Structural components such as side intrusion beams in vehicle doors protect occupants during collisions. Structural automotive components are also designed to minimize damage to the vehicle in low speed collisions by absorbing the kinetic energy by temporally deforming or deflecting.
  • I-Beams also known as H- beams
  • H-beams are a common structural component found in automotive structural applications.
  • the name I-beam or H-beam steams from the cross-section shape that is in an "I" or "H”.
  • the horizontal elements of the I-beam are referred to as flanges, while the vertical or center element connecting the flanges is referred to as the web.
  • the web resists shear forces, while the flanges resist most of the bending moment experienced by the beam.
  • the I -shaped section is a very efficient form for carrying both bending and shear loads in the plane of the web.
  • the cross-section has a reduced capacity in the transverse direction, and is also inefficient in carrying torsion.
  • ribs may be added between the web and flanges
  • An I-beam assembly including a top and bottom flange joined by a vertical web. Reinforcing skins are overmolded over said top and bottom flanges.
  • the top and bottom flanges and the web are all made of the same thermoplastic polymer material or thermoset polymer material.
  • Polymer materials operative herein include polypropylene, nylon, epoxy, polyester, or vinyl ester materials.
  • FIG. 1A is a side perspective view of an I-beam composite structure with continuous fiber skins on the tension and compression sides of the I-beam with an over-molding of a short fiber material applied to the continuous fiber skins according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. IB is a cross-section view along line A-A of FIG. 1A according to embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side perspective view of a curved I-beam designed to deflect and absorb kinetic energy on impact according to an embodiment of the invention
  • the present invention has utility as an improved composite I-beam structure with continuous fiber reinforcing skins on the tension and compression sides of the I-beam, and an over-molding of a short fiber material applied to the continuous fiber skins to improve the structural integrity of the I-beam.
  • Embodiments of the inventive I-beam composite structure are formed with thermoplastic polymers including polypropylene, nylons, etc.; thermoset polymers such as epoxy, a polyester, or a vinyl ester material; as well as thermoset resins.
  • the flanges, web, and ribs of embodiments of the inventive I-beam are impregnated with chopped fibers such as glass, carbon, and other synthetic fibers, as well as natural fibers.
  • Natural fibers may include coconut fibers, bamboo fibers, sugar cane fibers, banana skin fibers, etc.
  • the web may also be formed with continuous fibers.
  • the ribs of embodiments of the inventive I-beam connect between the web and flanges and may be in various patterns such as crosses.
  • Embodiments of the inventive I-beam are formed using injection molding; however, it is anticipated that compression molding, resin transfer molding, or other techniques could also be employed.
  • Non-limiting examples of applications for the inventive I-beam include bumper systems, and side impact intrusion beams.
  • the continuous fiber reinforcing skins that are applied to the flanges may have unidirectional fibers, bi-axial fibers, woven fibers, or consist of laminates composed of different combinations of fiber patterns.
  • reinforcement of the I-beam flanges are with prepreg composites.
  • Prepreg also described as organic sheet when applied to thermoplastic resin formats, are defined as continuous unidirectional- fiber in tape format or fabrics of bi-axial or woven fibers pre-impregnated with thermoplastic or thermoset resins.
  • the thermoplastic versions can be heated until soft and placed in a mold, where they are formed and overmolded in selected areas with additional resin to add ribs, attachment points, etc.
  • a prepreg is typically formed as individual layers of a substrate saturated with a thermoplastic or thermoset resin in sheets or rolls.
  • Laminates are typically multiple layers of fiber substrate such as prepreg or organic sheet bonded together with thermoplastic or thermoset resin.
  • Prepreg in some embodiments include reinforcing fibers that include carbon fiber or glass fiber.
  • Matrices for a thermoplastic prepreg illustratively include polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), polyetherimide (PEI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyamide (nylon), polypropylene (PP), combinations thereof and copolymers thereof.
  • Matrices for a thermoset prepreg illustratively include epoxy, polyester (PE), and vinyl ester (VE).
  • FIG. 1A is a side perspective view of an I-beam 10 composite structure with a web 12 and continuous fiber skins 20 and 22 applied on the tension 14 and compression 16 sides of the flanges of the I-beam 10 with an over-molding 24 of a short fiber material applied to the continuous fiber skins according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a rib 18 in various patterns including a crossing pattern as shown provides resistance to torsional loads.
  • FIG. IB is a cross-sectioned view of FIG.1 A along line A-A
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the inventive I-beam 30 with a slight curvature to the web 12' and flanges 14' and 16' designed to minimize damage to the vehicle in low speed collisions by absorbing the kinetic energy by temporally deforming or deflecting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

An I-beam assembly is provided including a top and bottom flange joined by a vertical web. Reinforcing skins are overmolded over said top and bottom flanges. The top and bottom flanges and the web are all made of the same thermoplastic polymer material or thermoset polymer material. Polymer materials operative herein include polypropylene, nylon, epoxy, polyester, or vinyl ester materials.

Description

I-BEAM WITH REINFORCED SKIN
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority benefit of US Provisional Application Serial Number 61/914,113 filed December 10, 2013; the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention in general relates to composites and in particular to a composite I-beam structure with continuous fiber skins on the tension and compression sides of the I-beam and over-molding of a short fiber material to the continuous fiber skins.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Weight savings in the auto, transportation, and logistics based industries has been a major focus in order to make more fuel efficient vehicles both for ground and air transport. In order to achieve these weight savings, light weight composite materials have been introduced to take the place of metal structural and surface body components and panels. Composite materials are materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties, that when combined, produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components. The individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. A composite material may be preferred for many reasons: common examples include materials which are stronger, lighter, or less expensive when compared to traditional materials.
[0004] Structural automotive components are designed to protect vehicle occupants in high speed accidents by absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy. Structural components such as side intrusion beams in vehicle doors protect occupants during collisions. Structural automotive components are also designed to minimize damage to the vehicle in low speed collisions by absorbing the kinetic energy by temporally deforming or deflecting. I-Beams (also known as H- beams) are a common structural component found in automotive structural applications. The name I-beam or H-beam steams from the cross-section shape that is in an "I" or "H". The horizontal elements of the I-beam are referred to as flanges, while the vertical or center element connecting the flanges is referred to as the web. The web resists shear forces, while the flanges resist most of the bending moment experienced by the beam. The I -shaped section is a very efficient form for carrying both bending and shear loads in the plane of the web. However, the cross-section has a reduced capacity in the transverse direction, and is also inefficient in carrying torsion. In order to improve the torsional performance of an I-beam, ribs may be added between the web and flanges
[0005] While composite materials have been used to form I-beams in structural automotive components and applications, these I-beams have experienced separation of the beam during high speed impact. Furthermore, a shortcoming of the previous beams which relied exclusively upon short fiber composite materials is that they broke in half during such impacts. Thus, there exists a need for an improved composite I-beam that maintains integrity during high speed vehicle accidents.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] An I-beam assembly is provided including a top and bottom flange joined by a vertical web. Reinforcing skins are overmolded over said top and bottom flanges. The top and bottom flanges and the web are all made of the same thermoplastic polymer material or thermoset polymer material. Polymer materials operative herein include polypropylene, nylon, epoxy, polyester, or vinyl ester materials.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] FIG. 1A is a side perspective view of an I-beam composite structure with continuous fiber skins on the tension and compression sides of the I-beam with an over-molding of a short fiber material applied to the continuous fiber skins according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0008] FIG. IB is a cross-section view along line A-A of FIG. 1A according to embodiments of the invention; and
[0009] FIG. 2 is a side perspective view of a curved I-beam designed to deflect and absorb kinetic energy on impact according to an embodiment of the invention
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The present invention has utility as an improved composite I-beam structure with continuous fiber reinforcing skins on the tension and compression sides of the I-beam, and an over-molding of a short fiber material applied to the continuous fiber skins to improve the structural integrity of the I-beam. Embodiments of the inventive I-beam composite structure are formed with thermoplastic polymers including polypropylene, nylons, etc.; thermoset polymers such as epoxy, a polyester, or a vinyl ester material; as well as thermoset resins. The flanges, web, and ribs of embodiments of the inventive I-beam are impregnated with chopped fibers such as glass, carbon, and other synthetic fibers, as well as natural fibers. Natural fibers may include coconut fibers, bamboo fibers, sugar cane fibers, banana skin fibers, etc. In certain embodiments of the inventive I-beam, the web may also be formed with continuous fibers. The ribs of embodiments of the inventive I-beam connect between the web and flanges and may be in various patterns such as crosses. Embodiments of the inventive I-beam are formed using injection molding; however, it is anticipated that compression molding, resin transfer molding, or other techniques could also be employed. Non-limiting examples of applications for the inventive I-beam include bumper systems, and side impact intrusion beams.
[0011] The continuous fiber reinforcing skins that are applied to the flanges may have unidirectional fibers, bi-axial fibers, woven fibers, or consist of laminates composed of different combinations of fiber patterns. In certain embodiments, reinforcement of the I-beam flanges are with prepreg composites. Prepreg, also described as organic sheet when applied to thermoplastic resin formats, are defined as continuous unidirectional- fiber in tape format or fabrics of bi-axial or woven fibers pre-impregnated with thermoplastic or thermoset resins. The thermoplastic versions can be heated until soft and placed in a mold, where they are formed and overmolded in selected areas with additional resin to add ribs, attachment points, etc. A prepreg is typically formed as individual layers of a substrate saturated with a thermoplastic or thermoset resin in sheets or rolls. Laminates are typically multiple layers of fiber substrate such as prepreg or organic sheet bonded together with thermoplastic or thermoset resin. Prepreg in some embodiments include reinforcing fibers that include carbon fiber or glass fiber. Matrices for a thermoplastic prepreg illustratively include polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), polyetherimide (PEI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyamide (nylon), polypropylene (PP), combinations thereof and copolymers thereof. Matrices for a thermoset prepreg illustratively include epoxy, polyester (PE), and vinyl ester (VE).
[0012] Referring now to the figures, FIG. 1A is a side perspective view of an I-beam 10 composite structure with a web 12 and continuous fiber skins 20 and 22 applied on the tension 14 and compression 16 sides of the flanges of the I-beam 10 with an over-molding 24 of a short fiber material applied to the continuous fiber skins according to an embodiment of the invention. A rib 18 in various patterns including a crossing pattern as shown provides resistance to torsional loads. FIG. IB is a cross-sectioned view of FIG.1 A along line A-A
[0013] FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the inventive I-beam 30 with a slight curvature to the web 12' and flanges 14' and 16' designed to minimize damage to the vehicle in low speed collisions by absorbing the kinetic energy by temporally deforming or deflecting.
[0014] The foregoing description is illustrative of particular embodiments of the invention, but is not meant to be a limitation upon the practice thereof. The following claims, including all equivalents thereof, are intended to define the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An I-beam assembly, said assembly comprising:
a top and bottom flange joined by a vertical web;
reinforcing skins overmolded over said top and bottom flanges; and
wherein said top and bottom flange and said web are all made of the same thermoplastic polymer material or thermoset polymer material.
2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said thermoplastic polymer is at least one of a polypropylene, or a nylon material.
3. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said thermoset polymer material is at least one of an epoxy, a polyester, or a vinyl ester material.
4. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said polymer further comprise chopped fibers.
5. The assembly of claim 3 wherein said chopped fibers are at least one of glass, carbon, or other synthetic fibers.
6. The assembly of claim 3 wherein said chopped fibers are natural fibers.
7. The assembly of claim 5 wherein said natural fibers are at least one of coconut fibers, bamboo fibers, sugar cane fibers, or banana skin fibers.
8. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 6 wherein said reinforcing skins have unidirectional fibers.
9. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 6 wherein said reinforcing skins have bi-axial fibers.
10. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 6 wherein said reinforcing skins have woven fibers.
11. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said reinforcing skins are laminates.
12. The assembly of claim 11 wherein said laminates are combinations of unidirectional, bi-axial, and woven fibers.
13. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 6 further comprising an overmolding of prepreg or organic sheet composites.
14. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 6 reinforcing skins are overmolded with a short fiber material.
15. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said I-beam further comprises a series of ribs in various patterns extending from said web to said bottom and top flanges.
16. The assembly of claim 15 wherein said series of ribs are made of thermoplastic polymer material or thermoset resin that are impregnated with chopped fibers.
PCT/US2014/069546 2013-12-10 2014-12-10 I-beam with reinforced skin WO2015089185A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201480072810.6A CN106103203A (en) 2013-12-10 2014-12-10 There is the I-beam strengthening crust
EP14870201.2A EP3079951A4 (en) 2013-12-10 2014-12-10 I-beam with reinforced skin
US15/102,911 US20160311467A1 (en) 2013-12-10 2014-12-10 I-beam with reinforced skin

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361914113P 2013-12-10 2013-12-10
US61/914,113 2013-12-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015089185A1 true WO2015089185A1 (en) 2015-06-18

Family

ID=53371802

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2014/069546 WO2015089185A1 (en) 2013-12-10 2014-12-10 I-beam with reinforced skin

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20160311467A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3079951A4 (en)
CN (2) CN106103203A (en)
WO (1) WO2015089185A1 (en)

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IT202100009527A1 (en) * 2021-04-15 2022-10-15 Verde Stilnovo S R L REINFORCED BEAM
DE102021130445B3 (en) 2021-11-22 2023-02-02 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Crash management system for a motor vehicle with a bumper element in sandwich construction, manufacturing method for this and motor vehicle
EP4406786A1 (en) * 2023-01-27 2024-07-31 Volvo Truck Corporation Structural part for a truck, comprising a beam made of fiber-reinforced plastic

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CN106103203A (en) 2016-11-09
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EP3079951A4 (en) 2017-09-06
US20160311467A1 (en) 2016-10-27

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