WO2015087817A1 - 排ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015087817A1 WO2015087817A1 PCT/JP2014/082320 JP2014082320W WO2015087817A1 WO 2015087817 A1 WO2015087817 A1 WO 2015087817A1 JP 2014082320 W JP2014082320 W JP 2014082320W WO 2015087817 A1 WO2015087817 A1 WO 2015087817A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- upstream
- exhaust gas
- downstream
- zeolite
- Prior art date
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 372
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 131
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 94
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 27
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 18
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 Al and P Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
- B01J2229/186—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification apparatus. Specifically, the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification device that purifies exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine.
- an exhaust gas purification device that purifies exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine.
- exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine contains particulate matter (PM) containing carbon as a main component, ash composed of non-combustible components, and is known to cause air pollution.
- PM particulate matter
- ash composed of non-combustible components
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- a particulate filter for collecting the particulate matter is provided in the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine.
- a diesel particulate filter Diesel Particulate Filter: DPF
- DPF Diesel Particulate Filter
- a structure called a wall flow type in which a base material is composed of a large number of porous cells, and the inlets and outlets of a large number of cells are alternately closed Patent Literature 1. 1, 2).
- Patent Literature Patent Literature. 1, 2
- the exhaust gas flowing in from the cell inlet passes through the partitioned porous cell partition wall and is discharged to the cell outlet. Then, while the exhaust gas passes through the porous cell partition walls, the particulate matter is trapped in the pores inside the partition walls.
- Patent Document 3 an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst that selectively reduces NOx in exhaust gas by a reducing action of ammonia or the like has been proposed.
- SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
- a urea addition type exhaust gas purification apparatus urea water is supplied upstream of a filter carrying an SCR catalyst, and the urea water is hydrolyzed to generate ammonia. This ammonia is adsorbed on the SCR catalyst, and NOx in the exhaust gas is purified by the reducing action of the adsorbed ammonia.
- zeolite such as copper-supported zeolite or iron-supported zeolite is used.
- the present inventor has examined the combined use of a filter catalyst supporting an SCR catalyst and a honeycomb catalyst supporting an SCR catalyst and a noble metal in an exhaust gas purification apparatus including the SCR catalyst made of zeolite. Yes.
- the NOx can be purified while removing the PM in the exhaust gas by disposing the filter catalyst carrying the SCR catalyst on the upstream side of the exhaust pipe.
- the SCR catalyst and the honeycomb catalyst supporting the noble metal are disposed on the downstream side of the exhaust pipe, excess ammonia is removed by the NOx purification, and external discharge (slip) of ammonia is suppressed.
- the SCR catalyst made of zeolite is used for the upstream filter catalyst and the downstream honeycomb catalyst, and if the same kind of zeolite is used in both catalyst parts, the NOx purification rate decreases, and the desired There were some events where NOx purification performance could not be obtained.
- the present invention solves the above problems.
- the exhaust gas purification device provided by the present invention is an exhaust gas purification device that is disposed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and purifies exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine.
- the exhaust gas purification apparatus includes an upstream catalyst portion disposed upstream of the exhaust pipe, a downstream catalyst portion disposed downstream of the exhaust pipe with respect to the upstream catalyst portion, and an upstream side of the upstream catalyst portion. And a reducing agent solution supply means for supplying a reducing agent solution for generating ammonia.
- the upstream catalyst portion and the downstream catalyst portion each include an SCR catalyst made of zeolite that adsorbs ammonia to reduce NOx in the exhaust gas.
- the skeleton density A of the SCR catalyst contained in the upstream catalyst part is smaller than the skeleton density B of the SCR catalyst contained in the downstream catalyst part (A ⁇ B). According to such an exhaust gas purification device, an optimum exhaust gas purification device having a higher NOx purification rate and a better improvement in NOx purification performance can be realized as compared with the conventional exhaust gas purification device.
- the skeleton density A of the SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the upstream catalyst portion and the skeleton density B of the SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the downstream catalyst portion is 0.1 (T / 1000 3 3 ) ⁇ BA, preferably 0.2 (T / 1000 3 3 ) ⁇ BA.
- BA skeleton density
- the catalyst performance improvement effect due to the difference in the skeleton density of the zeolite between the upstream catalyst part and the downstream catalyst part is more appropriately exhibited. Can be done.
- the skeleton density A of the SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the upstream catalyst portion and the skeleton density B of the SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the downstream catalyst portion are 14 (T / 1000? 3 ) or more and 17 (T / 1000? 3 ) or less.
- an SCR catalyst having high heat resistance and high reactivity can be obtained. Therefore, high NOx purification performance can be exhibited as a whole catalyst, and the purification performance can be well maintained.
- an average pore diameter of an SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the upstream catalyst part and an average pore diameter of an SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the downstream catalyst part are 2 to 7 inches.
- an SCR catalyst having high heat resistance and high reactivity can be obtained. Therefore, high NOx purification performance can be exhibited as a whole catalyst, and the purification performance can be well maintained.
- a filter catalyst portion disposed on the upstream side of the exhaust pipe, and a plurality of honeycomb catalyst portions disposed on the downstream side of the exhaust pipe from the filter catalyst portion And.
- the upstream catalyst part is provided as the filter catalyst part
- the downstream catalyst part is provided as a honeycomb catalyst part arranged on the most downstream side of the exhaust pipe among the plurality of honeycomb catalyst parts.
- a noble metal for example, platinum
- the honeycomb catalyst portion disposed on the most downstream side.
- the ammonia remaining in the NOx purification can be removed by the downstream catalyst portion supporting the noble metal functioning as a catalyst. Therefore, discharge (slip) of the ammonia to the outside can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an exhaust gas purification apparatus according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing a filter catalyst unit according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a filter catalyst portion according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing a honeycomb catalyst portion according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the NOx purification rates of each example.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the NOx purification rate and the urea addition amount.
- an exhaust gas purification apparatus 100 is applied to a diesel engine 1 as an internal combustion engine.
- a diesel engine 1 As shown in FIG. 1, an exhaust gas purification apparatus 100 according to this embodiment is applied to a diesel engine 1 as an internal combustion engine.
- the configuration of the diesel engine 1 will be briefly described.
- the diesel engine 1 demonstrated below is only an example of the internal combustion engine which concerns on this invention.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to the present invention can also be applied to an internal combustion engine (for example, a gasoline engine) other than the diesel engine 1 described below.
- the diesel engine 1 typically includes a plurality of combustion chambers 2 and fuel injection valves (not shown) that inject fuel into each combustion chamber 2.
- Each combustion chamber 2 communicates with an intake manifold 4 and an exhaust manifold 5.
- the intake manifold 4 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 7 a of the exhaust turbocharger 7 via the intake duct 6.
- the inlet of the compressor 7 a is connected to the air cleaner 9.
- a cooling device (intercooler) 6 a for cooling the air flowing through the intake duct 6 is disposed.
- the exhaust manifold 5 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust turbine 7 b of the exhaust turbocharger 7.
- the outlet of the exhaust turbine 7b is connected to an exhaust passage (exhaust pipe) 3 through which exhaust gas flows.
- the exhaust manifold 5 and the intake manifold 4 are connected to each other via an exhaust gas recirculation passage (EGR passage) 8.
- EGR passage exhaust gas recirculation passage
- the exhaust gas purification device 100 disclosed here is provided in the exhaust passage (exhaust pipe) 3 of the internal combustion engine 1.
- the exhaust gas purification apparatus 100 includes a reducing agent solution supply unit 50, an upstream filter catalyst unit 10, an upstream side honeycomb catalyst unit 20, and a downstream side in order from the upstream side (left side in FIG. 1) to the downstream side (right side in FIG. 1).
- a side honeycomb catalyst unit 30 is provided to purify nitrogen oxide (NOx) contained in the exhaust gas discharged.
- the exhaust gas exhausted from the combustion chamber is guided from the exhaust manifold 5 to the upstream filter catalyst unit 10 through the exhaust pipe 3 and further to the upstream honeycomb catalyst unit 20 and the downstream honeycomb catalyst unit 30.
- the reducing agent solution supply means 50 is disposed on the upstream side of the exhaust pipe 3 with respect to the filter catalyst unit 10.
- the reducing agent solution supply means 50 supplies a reducing agent solution (here, urea water) for generating ammonia from the upstream side of the filter catalyst unit 10 in the exhaust gas flow direction.
- the reducing agent solution supply means 50 includes a spray nozzle 52, a pump 54, and a tank 56.
- the spray nozzle 52 is connected to a tank 56 via a pump 54.
- the pump 54 supplies urea water in the tank 56 to the spray nozzle 52.
- the urea water supplied to the spray nozzle 52 is sprayed into the exhaust pipe 3 and is flowed downstream together with the exhaust gas flowing from the upstream in the exhaust pipe 3 and is hydrolyzed to generate ammonia.
- This ammonia is adsorbed on the SCR catalysts of the filter 10, the first honeycomb catalyst 20 and the second honeycomb catalyst 30 described later, and NOx in the exhaust gas is purified by the reducing action of the adsorbed ammonia.
- the number of reducing agent solution supply means is not limited to one and may be two or more.
- a further reducing agent solution supply unit may be disposed between the filter catalyst unit 10 and the upstream side honeycomb catalyst unit 20.
- the upstream filter catalyst unit 10 is disposed on the downstream side of the exhaust pipe 3 with respect to the reducing agent solution supply means 50.
- the upstream filter catalyst unit 10 is a porous filter capable of collecting particulate matter (PM) contained in the exhaust gas, and is provided with a large number of pores through which PM cannot pass. Further, the filter catalyst unit 10 is configured to purify nitrogen oxide (NO x ) in the exhaust gas by supporting an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst.
- SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the filter catalyst unit 10
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram enlarging a part of a cross section obtained by cutting the upstream filter catalyst unit 10 in the axial direction.
- the filter catalyst unit 10 includes a base material having a wall flow structure and a catalyst layer.
- the base material of the upstream filter catalyst unit 10 includes an inlet cell 12 in which only an end portion on the exhaust gas inflow side is opened, and an outlet cell 14 which is adjacent to the inlet cell 12 and has only an end portion on the exhaust gas outlet side opened. And a porous partition wall 16 that partitions the entry side cell 12 and the exit side cell 14.
- a base material made of ceramics such as cordierite or a heat-resistant alloy can be used.
- the inlet side cell 12 is open only at the end on the exhaust gas inflow side, and the outlet side cell 14 is adjacent to the inlet side cell 12 and is open only at the end on the exhaust gas outflow side.
- the inlet cell 12 is sealed at the exhaust gas outlet side end portion with the sealing portion 15, and the outlet cell 14 is sealed at the exhaust gas inlet side end portion with the sealing portion 17.
- a partition wall 16 is formed between the adjacent entrance cell 12 and exit cell 14.
- the entrance cell 12 and the exit cell 14 are partitioned by the partition wall 16.
- the partition wall 16 has a porous structure through which exhaust gas can pass.
- a catalyst layer is formed on the surface and / or inside of the partition wall 16.
- the catalyst layer of the filter catalyst unit 10 includes an SCR catalyst made of zeolite.
- the SCR catalyst made of zeolite adsorbs ammonia derived from the reducing agent solution (here, urea water) sprayed in the exhaust pipe 3 to reduce NOx in the exhaust gas. *
- exhaust gas flows from the inlet cell 12 of the base material.
- the exhaust gas flowing in from the inlet cell 12 passes through the porous partition wall 16 and reaches the outlet cell 14.
- an arrow indicates a route through which the exhaust gas flowing from the entry side cell 12 passes through the partition wall 16 and reaches the exit side cell 14.
- the partition wall 16 has a porous structure, PM is collected on the surface of the partition wall 16 or in the pores inside the partition wall 16 while the exhaust gas passes through the partition wall 16.
- a catalyst layer containing an SCR catalyst that has adsorbed ammonia is provided on the surface and / or inside of the partition wall 16, NOx in the exhaust gas is purified while the exhaust gas passes through and inside the partition wall 16. Is done.
- the exhaust gas that has passed through the partition wall 16 and reached the outlet cell 14 is discharged from the opening on the exhaust gas outflow side to the outside of the filter catalyst unit 10.
- the upstream honeycomb catalyst portion 20 is disposed on the downstream side of the exhaust pipe 3 with respect to the upstream filter catalyst portion 10.
- the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 is disposed on the downstream side (here, the most downstream side) of the exhaust pipe 3 relative to the upstream honeycomb catalyst portion 20.
- the upstream honeycomb catalyst portion 20 and the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 are configured by forming a catalyst layer on a substrate having a straight flow structure.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the upstream side honeycomb catalyst part 20 and the downstream side honeycomb catalyst part 30.
- a cylindrical member having a honeycomb structure is employed as a base material.
- cylindrical shape, elliptic cylinder shape, polygonal cylinder shape etc. can be employ
- the base material of the upstream side honeycomb catalyst part 20 and the downstream side honeycomb catalyst part 30 a conventionally known exhaust gas purification catalyst base material can be used.
- the base material is preferably made of a heat resistant material having a porous structure. Examples of the heat-resistant material include cordierite, silicon carbide (silicon carbide: SiC), heat-resistant metal such as aluminum titanate, silicon nitride, and stainless steel, and alloys thereof.
- the catalyst layers of the upstream honeycomb catalyst portion 20 and the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 include an SCR catalyst made of zeolite. Ammonia is adsorbed on the SCR catalyst made of zeolite, and NOx in the exhaust gas is purified by the reducing action of the adsorbed ammonia.
- the catalyst layer of the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 contains a noble metal.
- the catalyst layer of the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 includes a carrier and a noble metal supported on the carrier.
- the carrier may contain substances conventionally used as this type of carrier, such as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), solid solutions or composite oxides thereof.
- a support containing alumina is preferable.
- the noble metal supported on the carrier those having a catalyst function (oxidation catalyst function) capable of removing excess ammonia by NOx purification are preferable.
- metal catalyst particles such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), silver (Ag), and composite particles containing the metal catalyst particles can be suitably used.
- platinum palladium
- Rh rhodium
- Ag silver
- composite particles containing the metal catalyst particles can be suitably used.
- platinum it is possible to efficiently remove the ammonia remaining from the NOx purification.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus 100 disclosed here is an upstream filter catalyst part (upstream catalyst part) 10 disposed on the upstream side of the exhaust pipe 3, and is disposed on the downstream side of the exhaust pipe 3 relative to the upstream filter catalyst part 10.
- the upstream filter catalyst unit 10 and the downstream honeycomb catalyst unit 30 each include an SCR catalyst made of zeolite that adsorbs ammonia and reduces NOx in the exhaust gas.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of NOx purification rate measurement for a catalyst containing an SCR catalyst having a relatively high skeleton density and a catalyst containing an SCR catalyst having a relatively low skeleton density.
- the line L1 in FIG. 6 shows the NOx purification rate when using an SCR catalyst with a relatively high skeleton density
- the line L2 in FIG. 6 shows the NOx purification rate when using an SCR catalyst with a relatively low skeleton density. Is shown.
- the amount of urea water supplied to each of the catalyst parts 10, 20, 30 is not uniform, and the urea water is more separated in the downstream catalyst part away from the reducing agent solution supply means 50.
- the supply is a tendency for the supply to decrease.
- the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 containing noble metal (for example, Pt) needs to be arranged at the last stage of the exhaust pipe among the plurality of catalyst portions 10, 20, and 30, and therefore, the supply amount of urea water tends to be low. It can be seen. For this reason, the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 tends to be less supplied with urea water than the upstream filter catalyst portion 10.
- the present inventor uses zeolite having a relatively low skeleton density for the SCR catalyst in the upstream filter catalyst portion 10 and relatively high skeleton density for the SCR catalyst in the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30.
- Zeolite was used. That is, in the exhaust gas purification apparatus 100 disclosed herein, the skeleton density A of the SCR catalyst included in the upstream filter catalyst unit 10 is smaller than the skeleton density B of the SCR catalyst included in the downstream honeycomb catalyst unit 30 (A ⁇ B).
- the skeleton density A of the SCR catalyst contained in the upstream filter catalyst unit 10 may be smaller than the skeleton density B of the SCR catalyst contained in the downstream honeycomb catalyst unit 30.
- skeletal density A of the SCR catalyst contained in the upstream side filter catalyst unit 10 is suitably be approximately 15.1T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or less (e.g., 14T / 1000 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 15.1T / 1000 ⁇ 3), 14. 5T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or less is preferable.
- the skeleton density B of the SCR catalyst included in the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 may be larger than the skeleton density A of the SCR catalyst included in the upstream filter catalyst portion 10.
- skeletal density B of the SCR catalyst contained in the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 is suitably be approximately 15.3T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or more (e.g. 15.3T / 1000 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 17T / 1000 ⁇ 3), 16T / is preferably 1000 ⁇ 3 or more.
- the skeleton density A of the SCR catalyst included in the upstream filter catalyst portion 10 and the skeleton density B of the SCR catalyst included in the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 have a relationship of 0.1T / 1000 ⁇ 3 ⁇ BA. it is preferable to satisfy, it is more preferable to satisfy the relation of 0.2T / 1000 ⁇ 3 ⁇ B-a ⁇ 3T / 1000 ⁇ 3.
- BA skeleton density
- both the skeletal density B of the SCR catalyst contained in the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 approximately 14T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or more 17T / 1000 ⁇ It is desirable that it is 3 or less.
- the skeleton density A, B of the SCR catalyst is too large, the reactivity of the SCR catalyst is lowered, and the NOx purification rate tends to be lowered.
- the skeleton density A, B of the SCR catalyst is too small, the heat resistance of the SCR catalyst is lowered, and therefore the NOx purification performance after high temperature durability may be lowered.
- the skeleton density A of the SCR catalyst included in the upstream filter catalyst portion 10 and the skeleton density B of the SCR catalyst included in the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30. both the can is preferably approximately 14T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or more 17T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or less, and more preferably about 15T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or more 16T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or less.
- the average pore diameter of the SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the upstream filter catalyst portion 10 and the average pore diameter of the SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 are calculated. It is preferable that both are 2 to 7 inches.
- the average pore diameter of zeolite is measured based on a gas adsorption method (typically a nitrogen adsorption method). Within the range of the average pore diameter of such zeolite, high NOx purification performance can be exhibited as a whole, and the purification performance can be well maintained.
- the reactivity and heat resistance of the SCR catalyst contained in the upstream filter catalyst unit 10 are effectively improved, and the upstream filter catalyst unit 10 NOx purification performance and durability are improved.
- skeletal density A is at 14T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or more 17T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or less, and an average pore diameter of 7 ⁇ or less the range of 2 ⁇
- skeletal density a is at 15T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or more 17T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or less, an average pore diameter of 7 ⁇ the range above 3 ⁇
- skeletal density a is 15.3T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or more 17T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or less
- the skeleton density B and the average pore diameter of such an SCR catalyst By having both the skeleton density B and the average pore diameter of such an SCR catalyst, the reactivity and heat resistance of the SCR catalyst contained in the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 are effectively improved, and the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30. NOx purification performance and durability are improved.
- the SCR catalyst contained in the upstream filter catalyst portion 10 and the downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 include zeolite containing at least Si as an element constituting the basic skeleton. Moreover, you may use the zeolite by which cations, such as Al and P, were substituted in frame
- ⁇ -type zeolite, silicon aluminophosphate (SAPO) -based zeolite and the like are exemplified.
- SAPO silicon aluminophosphate
- the structure of a suitable zeolite is indicated by a code defined by the International Zeolite Association (IZA). AEI, AFT, AFX, AST, BEA, BEC, CHA, EAB, ETR, GME, ITE, KFI, LEV, THO , PAU, UFI. It is desirable to use one or more of these.
- ion exchange zeolite obtained by ion exchange of transition metals such as Fe, Cu and V may be used.
- transition metals such as Fe, Cu and V
- Cu ion exchange SAPO-based zeolite, Fe ion exchange ⁇ -type zeolite and the like can be preferably used.
- the skeletal density of the zeolite for example, Cu ion-exchanged SAPO-based zeolite approximately 15.1T / 1000 ⁇ 3, Fe ion-exchanged ⁇ -zeolite is about 15.3T / 1000 ⁇ 3.
- the average pore diameter of the zeolite is about 3.7 mm for Cu ion-exchanged SAPO-based zeolite and about 5.9 mm for Fe ion-exchanged ⁇ -type zeolite.
- the skeleton density of the SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the upstream side honeycomb catalyst part 20 disposed between the upstream side filter catalyst part 10 and the downstream side honeycomb catalyst part 30 is not particularly limited, but the downstream side honeycomb catalyst
- the skeleton density of the SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the part 30 is preferably smaller than that of the SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the upstream filter catalyst part 10.
- the SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the upstream honeycomb catalyst part 20 may be qualitatively the same as the SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the upstream filter catalyst part 10.
- the reactivity and heat resistance of the SCR catalyst made of zeolite contained in the upstream honeycomb catalyst portion 20 are effectively improved, and the NOx purification performance and durability of the upstream honeycomb catalyst portion 20 are further improved.
- honeycomb catalyst parts including the upstream side honeycomb catalyst part 20 and the downstream side honeycomb catalyst part 30 are used is exemplified, but the number of honeycomb catalyst parts is not limited thereto.
- the number of honeycomb catalyst parts is not limited thereto.
- three or more honeycomb catalyst portions may be provided.
- the skeleton density of the SCR catalyst included in at least the most downstream side (last stage) of the exhaust pipe among the plurality (three or more) of honeycomb catalyst units is the upstream filter catalyst unit 10. What is necessary is just to be larger than the skeleton density of the SCR catalyst contained.
- the reaction efficiency of each catalyst part can be significantly increased by optimally arranging the SCR catalysts having different skeleton densities on the upstream side and the downstream side.
- a noble metal such as Pt is supported on at least the honeycomb catalyst portion arranged on the most downstream side (last stage) of the exhaust pipe.
- test examples relating to the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not intended to be limited to those shown in the following test examples.
- Example 1 (1) Upstream Filter Catalyst After SAPO34 formed from silica, alumina, and phosphorus was dispersed in ion-exchanged water, copper acetate was added, stirred at 80 ° C. for 12 hours, filtered and washed. Then, it was made to dry at 200 degreeC for 5 hours, and Cu ion exchange zeolite (Cu load 3 mass%) was prepared. After mixing 1000 g of this Cu ion-exchanged zeolite, 500 g of silica sol, and 1000 g of pure water, the mixture was stirred for 1 hour with a ball mill to obtain a Cu ion-exchanged SAPO34 slurry.
- the obtained Cu ion exchange SAPO34 slurry was applied to a wall flow type ceramic substrate (diameter 160 mm ⁇ length 100 mm), excess slurry was removed, dried at 100 ° C., and heat treated at 500 ° C. to upstream filter.
- a catalyst upstream filter catalyst portion 10 (see FIG. 1)) was produced.
- the coating amount of the obtained catalyst for Cu ion exchange SAPO34 was 100 g per liter of the substrate.
- Upstream honeycomb catalyst SAPO34 formed from silica, alumina, and phosphorus was dispersed in ion-exchanged water, copper acetate was added, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C for 12 hours, filtered, and washed. Then, it was made to dry at 200 degreeC for 5 hours, and Cu ion exchange zeolite (Cu load 3 mass%) was prepared. After mixing 1000 g of this Cu ion-exchanged zeolite, 500 g of silica sol, and 1000 g of pure water, the mixture was stirred for 1 hour with a ball mill to obtain a Cu ion-exchanged SAPO34 slurry.
- the obtained Cu ion exchange SAPO34 slurry was applied to a straight flow type ceramic substrate (diameter 160 mm ⁇ length 100 mm), the excess slurry was removed, dried at 100 ° C., and heat treated at 500 ° C.
- a catalyst upstream honeycomb catalyst portion 20 (see FIG. 1)) was produced.
- the coating amount of Cu ion exchange SAPO 34 on the obtained upstream honeycomb catalyst was 160 g per liter of the substrate.
- the obtained Fe ion exchange ⁇ -type zeolite slurry was applied to a straight flow type ceramic substrate (diameter 160 mm ⁇ length 100 mm), the excess slurry was removed, dried at 100 ° C., and heat-treated at 500 ° C. A honeycomb catalyst coated with ion-exchanged ⁇ -type zeolite was obtained.
- ⁇ -alumina having a specific surface area of 120 m 2 / g was dispersed in pure water, and then dinitrodiamine platinum was added. Then, it dried at 100 degreeC for 6 hours or more, and heat-processed at 500 degreeC for 1 hour, and prepared a Pt carrying
- the obtained Pt / alumina slurry is applied to the portion corresponding to 1/5 of the total length of the base material from the end on the exhaust gas outflow side of the honeycomb catalyst (base material) coated with the Fe ion exchange ⁇ -type zeolite toward the upstream side. Then, after removing excess slurry, drying at 100 ° C. and heat treatment at 500 ° C. produced a downstream honeycomb catalyst (downstream honeycomb catalyst portion 30 (see FIG. 1)).
- the coating amount of the obtained catalyst for Fe ion exchange ⁇ -type zeolite was 160 g per liter of the substrate.
- the coating amount of Pt / alumina per honeycomb catalyst was 20 g, and the amount of Pt supported was 0.2 g per honeycomb catalyst.
- the upstream filter catalyst, upstream honeycomb catalyst and downstream honeycomb catalyst obtained above were arranged in this order from the upstream side to the exhaust pipe of a 2.0 L direct injection diesel engine to produce an exhaust gas purification apparatus according to Example 1. .
- the skeleton density of the SCR catalyst (Cu ion exchange SAPO34: skeleton density 15.1T / 1000 3 3 , average pore diameter 3.7 ⁇ ) included in the upstream side honeycomb catalyst and the downstream side honeycomb catalyst is low. It is smaller than the skeleton density of the SCR catalyst (Fe ion exchange ⁇ -type zeolite: skeleton density 15.3T / 1000 / 3 , average pore diameter 5.9 ⁇ ) contained in the catalyst.
- Example 2 An exhaust gas purification apparatus was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the SCR catalyst used for the downstream honeycomb catalyst was changed to Cu ion exchange ⁇ -type zeolite. Specifically, after dispersing ⁇ -type zeolite having a silica / alumina ratio of 25 in ion-exchanged water, copper acetate was added, stirred at 80 ° C. for 12 hours, filtered and washed. Then, it dried at 200 degreeC for 5 hours, and prepared Cu ion exchange beta type zeolite (Cu loading 2 mass%). Using this Cu ion exchange ⁇ -type zeolite, a downstream honeycomb catalyst was produced in the same procedure as in Example 1.
- the SCR catalyst used for the upstream filter catalyst, the upstream honeycomb catalyst, and the downstream honeycomb catalyst is an Fe ion-exchanged ⁇ -type zeolite having a silica / alumina ratio of 25 (skeleton density 15.3 T / 1000 3 3 , average pore diameter 5.9 ⁇ ).
- Exhaust gas purification apparatus was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was changed.
- the SCR catalyst used for the upstream filter catalyst, the upstream honeycomb catalyst, and the downstream honeycomb catalyst is a Cu ion-exchanged Y-type zeolite having a silica / alumina ratio of 25 (skeleton density 13.3T / 1000 ⁇ 3 , average pore diameter 7.47).
- Exhaust gas purification apparatus was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was changed.
- the SCR catalyst used for the upstream filter catalyst, the upstream honeycomb catalyst, and the downstream honeycomb catalyst is a Cu ion-exchanged ZSM5 zeolite having a silica / alumina ratio of 25 (skeleton density 18.4 T / 1000 3 3 , average pore diameter 4.6 ⁇ ).
- Exhaust gas purification apparatus was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the change was made.
- An endurance test was performed on the exhaust gas purifying apparatus of each example.
- the durability test was performed by performing an aging treatment at 700 ° C. for 20 hours in an atmosphere containing 10% water vapor. Further, the NOx purification rate before and after the durability test (initial and after 700 ° C. durability) was evaluated.
- the upstream filter catalyst, upstream honeycomb catalyst and downstream honeycomb catalyst of each example are attached to the exhaust pipe of a 2.0 L direct injection diesel engine as described above, exhaust gas is circulated, and the NOx purification rate is measured. did.
- An injector was installed on the upstream side of the exhaust pipe from the upstream side filter catalyst, and urea water as a reducing agent solution for generating ammonia from the injector was added.
- the urea water was adjusted so that the equivalent ratio of NH 3 to NOx was 1.
- the NOx purification rate (%) was calculated by “(NOx concentration of catalyst-containing gas (ppm) ⁇ NOx concentration of catalyst output gas (ppm)) / NOx concentration of catalyst-containing gas (ppm)” ⁇ 100. The results are shown in FIG.
- the SCR catalyst contained in the upstream filter catalyst, the upstream honeycomb catalyst, and the downstream honeycomb catalyst was a Cu ion exchange Y-type zeolite (skeleton density 13.3 T / 1000 3 3 ).
- the exhaust gas purification apparatus according to Comparative Example 3 had a high initial NOx purification rate, the NOx purification rate after 700 ° C. endurance significantly decreased.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to Comparative Example 3 in which the SCR catalyst contained in the upstream filter catalyst, the upstream honeycomb catalyst, and the downstream honeycomb catalyst is Cu ion exchanged ZSM5 zeolite (skeleton density 18.4T / 1000 ⁇ 3 ). Although the NOx purification rate after 700 ° C.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to Comparative Example 1 in which the SCR catalyst contained in the upstream filter catalyst, the upstream honeycomb catalyst, and the downstream honeycomb catalyst are all Cu ion exchange SAPO34 (skeleton density 15.1T / 1000 3 3 ). , And the upstream side filter catalyst, the upstream side honeycomb catalyst, and the downstream side honeycomb catalyst are Fe ion-exchanged ⁇ -type zeolite (skeleton density 15.3T / 1000 ⁇ 3 ).
- the initial NOx purification rate was higher, and compared with Comparative Example 3, the NOx purification rate after 700 ° C. endurance was also greatly improved.
- the skeleton density of the SCR catalyst (Cu ion exchange SAPO34: skeleton density 15.1T / 1000 ⁇ 3 ) contained in the upstream side honeycomb catalyst and the downstream side honeycomb catalyst is set to the SCR catalyst (Fe ion exchange ⁇ ) contained in the downstream side honeycomb catalyst.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to Example 1 that is smaller than the skeletal density of the type zeolite: skeletal density 15.3T / 1000 ⁇ 3 ) has a higher initial NOx purification rate than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and after 700 ° C. endurance The NOx purification rate was further improved.
- the skeleton density of the SCR catalyst (Cu ion exchange SAPO34: skeleton density 15.1T / 1000 3 3 ) contained in the upstream side honeycomb catalyst and the downstream side honeycomb catalyst is set to the SCR catalyst (Cu ion exchange) contained in the downstream side honeycomb catalyst.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to Example 2 which is smaller than the skeleton density of ⁇ -type zeolite: skeleton density of 15.3 T / 1000 3 ), has a higher initial NOx purification rate and durability at 700 ° C. than Comparative Examples 1 and 2. The later NOx purification rate was further improved.
- the skeleton density of the SCR catalyst contained in the upstream side honeycomb catalyst and the downstream side honeycomb catalyst is approximately 14T / 1000 cm 3 or more and 17T.
- / 1000 ⁇ 3 is preferably to be less, and more preferably to about 15T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or more 16T / 1000 ⁇ 3 or less.
- the structure of the exhaust gas purification apparatus 100 is not limited to any embodiment mentioned above.
- the exhaust gas purification device 100 is particularly suitable as a device for purifying harmful components in exhaust gas having a relatively low exhaust temperature, such as a diesel engine.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus 100 according to the present invention is not limited to the use of purifying harmful components in exhaust gas of a diesel engine, but various types of purifying harmful components in exhaust gas discharged from other engines (for example, gasoline engines). It can be used in applications.
- an exhaust gas purification device having high NOx purification performance can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
なお、本国際出願は2013年12月9日に出願された日本国特許出願第2013-254478号に基づく優先権を主張しており、その出願の全内容は本明細書中に参照として組み入れられている。
ここで開示される排ガス浄化装置100は、上記内燃機関1の排気通路(排気管)3に設けられている。排ガス浄化装置100は、上流側(図1の左側)から下流側(図1の右側)に向かって順に、還元剤溶液供給手段50、上流側フィルタ触媒部10、上流側ハニカム触媒部20、下流側ハニカム触媒部30を備え、上記排出される排ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物(NOx)を浄化する。燃焼室から排気された排ガスは、排気マニホルド5から排気管3を通じて上流側フィルタ触媒部10に導かれ、さらに上流側ハニカム触媒部20および下流側ハニカム触媒部30へと導かれる。
還元剤溶液供給手段50は、フィルタ触媒部10よりも排気管3の上流側に配置されている。還元剤溶液供給手段50は、フィルタ触媒部10の排ガス流通方向における上流からアンモニアを生成するための還元剤溶液(ここでは尿素水)を供給する。この実施形態では、還元剤溶液供給手段50は、噴霧ノズル52とポンプ54とタンク56とを備えている。噴霧ノズル52は、ポンプ54を介してタンク56に接続されている。ポンプ54は、タンク56内の尿素水を噴霧ノズル52へ供給する。噴霧ノズル52へ供給された尿素水は、排気管3内に噴霧され、該排気管3内で上流から流れてくる排ガスとともに下流へと流されるとともに、加水分解してアンモニアを発生させる。このアンモニアが後述するフィルタ10、第1ハニカム触媒20および第2ハニカム触媒30のSCR触媒に吸着し、吸着したアンモニアの還元作用により排ガス中のNOxが浄化される。なお、還元剤溶液供給手段の数は1つに限らず2つ以上であってもよい。例えば、更なる還元剤溶液供給手段をフィルタ触媒部10と上流側ハニカム触媒部20との間に配置してもよい。
上流側フィルタ触媒部10は、還元剤溶液供給手段50よりも排気管3の下流側に配置されている。上流側フィルタ触媒部10は、排ガスに含まれる粒子状物質(PM)を捕集可能な多孔質フィルタであり、PMの通過不能な多数の細孔が設けられている。また、フィルタ触媒部10は、SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction:選択的接触還元)触媒を担持することで、排ガス中の窒素酸化物(NOx)を浄化するものとして構成されている。
上流側ハニカム触媒部20は、図1に示すように、上流側フィルタ触媒部10よりも排気管3の下流側に配置されている。下流側ハニカム触媒部30は、上流側ハニカム触媒部20よりも排気管3の下流側(ここでは最下流側)に配置されている。上流側ハニカム触媒部20および下流側ハニカム触媒部30は、ストレートフロー構造の基材上に触媒層が形成されることによって構成されている。
(1)上流側フィルタ触媒
シリカ・アルミナ・燐から形成されるSAPO34をイオン交換水に分散させた後、酢酸銅を添加し、80℃で12時間攪拌し、ろ過、洗浄した。その後、200℃で5時間乾燥させ、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(Cu担持量3質量%)を調製した。このCuイオン交換ゼオライト1000gとシリカゾル500gと純水1000gとを混合した後、ボールミルで1時間攪拌し、Cuイオン交換SAPO34スラリーを得た。得られたCuイオン交換SAPO34スラリーをウォールフロー型のセラミック基材(径160mm×長さ100mm)に塗布し、余分なスラリーを除去した後、100℃で乾燥、500℃で熱処理して上流側フィルタ触媒(上流側フィルタ触媒部10(図1参照))を作製した。得られた触媒のCuイオン交換SAPO34のコート量は、基材1L当たり100gであった。
シリカ・アルミナ・燐から形成されるSAPO34をイオン交換水に分散させた後、酢酸銅を添加し、80℃で12時間攪拌し、ろ過、洗浄した。その後、200℃で5時間乾燥させ、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(Cu担持量3質量%)を調製した。このCuイオン交換ゼオライト1000gとシリカゾル500gと純水1000gとを混合した後、ボールミルで1時間攪拌し、Cuイオン交換SAPO34スラリーを得た。得られたCuイオン交換SAPO34スラリーをストレートフロー型のセラミック基材(径160mm×長さ100mm)に塗布し、余分なスラリーを除去した後、100℃で乾燥、500℃で熱処理して上流側ハニカム触媒(上流側ハニカム触媒部20(図1参照))を作製した。得られた上流側ハニカム触媒のCuイオン交換SAPO34のコート量は、基材1L当たり160gであった。
シリカ・アルミナ比が25のβ型ゼオライトをイオン交換水に分散させた後、酢酸鉄を添加し、80℃で12時間攪拌し、ろ過、洗浄した。その後、200℃で5時間乾燥させ、Feイオン交換ゼオライト(Fe担持量2質量%)を調製した。このFeイオン交換ゼオライト1000gとシリカゾル500gと純水1000gとを混合した後、ボールミルで1時間攪拌し、Feイオン交換β型ゼオライトスラリーを得た。得られたFeイオン交換β型ゼオライトスラリーをストレートフロー型のセラミック基材(径160mm×長さ100mm)に塗布し、余分なスラリーを除去した後、100℃で乾燥、500℃で熱処理してFeイオン交換β型ゼオライトをコートしたハニカム触媒を得た。
下流側ハニカム触媒に用いるSCR触媒をCuイオン交換β型ゼオライトに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして排ガス浄化装置を作製した。具体的には、シリカ・アルミナ比が25のβ型ゼオライトをイオン交換水に分散させた後、酢酸銅を添加し、80℃で12時間攪拌し、ろ過、洗浄した。その後、200℃で5時間乾燥させ、Cuイオン交換β型ゼオライト(Cu担持量2質量%)を調製した。かかるCuイオン交換β型ゼオライトを用いて、実施例1と同様の手順で下流側ハニカム触媒を作製した。
上流側フィルタ触媒、上流側ハニカム触媒および下流側ハニカム触媒に用いるSCR触媒を何れもCuイオン交換SAPO34(骨格密度15.1T/1000Å3、平均細孔径3.7Å)に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして排ガス浄化装置を作製した。
上流側フィルタ触媒、上流側ハニカム触媒および下流側ハニカム触媒に用いるSCR触媒を何れもシリカ・アルミナ比が25のFeイオン交換β型ゼオライト(骨格密度15.3T/1000Å3、平均細孔径5.9Å)に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして排ガス浄化装置を作製した。
上流側フィルタ触媒、上流側ハニカム触媒および下流側ハニカム触媒に用いるSCR触媒を何れもシリカ・アルミナ比が25のCuイオン交換Y型ゼオライト(骨格密度13.3T/1000Å3、平均細孔径7.4Å)に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして排ガス浄化装置を作製した。
上流側フィルタ触媒、上流側ハニカム触媒および下流側ハニカム触媒に用いるSCR触媒を何れもシリカ・アルミナ比が25のCuイオン交換ZSM5ゼオライト(骨格密度18.4T/1000Å3、平均細孔径4.6Å)に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして排ガス浄化装置を作製した。
Claims (6)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に配置され、該内燃機関から排出される排ガスを浄化する排ガス浄化装置であって、
前記排気管の上流側に配置された上流触媒部と、
前記上流触媒部よりも前記排気管の下流側に配置された下流触媒部と、
前記上流触媒部よりも上流からアンモニアを生成するための還元剤溶液を供給する還元剤溶液供給手段と
を備え、
前記上流触媒部および前記下流触媒部は、それぞれアンモニアを吸着して排ガス中のNOxを還元するゼオライトからなるSCR触媒を含んでおり、
前記上流触媒部に含まれるSCR触媒の骨格密度Aが、前記下流触媒部に含まれるSCR触媒の骨格密度Bよりも小さい(A<B)、排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記上流触媒部に含まれるゼオライトからなるSCR触媒の骨格密度Aと、前記下流触媒部に含まれるゼオライトからなるSCR触媒の骨格密度Bとの差が、0.1(T/1000Å3)≦B-Aである、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記上流触媒部に含まれるゼオライトからなるSCR触媒の骨格密度Aと、前記下流触媒部に含まれるゼオライトからなるSCR触媒の骨格密度Bとの双方が、14(T/1000Å3)以上17(T/1000Å3)以下である、請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記上流触媒部に含まれるゼオライトからなるSCR触媒の平均細孔径と、前記下流触媒部に含まれるゼオライトからなるSCR触媒の平均細孔径との双方が、2Å以上7Å以下である、請求項1~3の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記排気管の上流側に配置されたフィルタ触媒部と、
前記フィルタ触媒部よりも前記排気管の下流側に配置された複数のハニカム触媒部と
を備えており、
前記フィルタ触媒部として、前記上流触媒部が設けられており、
前記複数のハニカム触媒部のうち前記排気管の最下流側に配置されたハニカム触媒部として、前記下流触媒部が設けられている、請求項1~4の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記最下流側に配置されたハニカム触媒部には、貴金属が担持されている、請求項5に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
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