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WO2015085771A1 - 大功率无硅钢片电机 - Google Patents

大功率无硅钢片电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015085771A1
WO2015085771A1 PCT/CN2014/082399 CN2014082399W WO2015085771A1 WO 2015085771 A1 WO2015085771 A1 WO 2015085771A1 CN 2014082399 W CN2014082399 W CN 2014082399W WO 2015085771 A1 WO2015085771 A1 WO 2015085771A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steel sheet
stator
rotor
silicon
pair
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/082399
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈国芳
龚天波
陈俊
Original Assignee
陈国芳
龚天波
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 陈国芳, 龚天波 filed Critical 陈国芳
Publication of WO2015085771A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015085771A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/47—Air-gap windings, i.e. iron-free windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high power silicon-free steel sheet motor. Background technique
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a silicon-free steel sheet motor capable of greatly reducing the amount of coils and magnetic blocks.
  • the present invention provides a silicon-free steel sheet motor comprising a stator and a rotor disposed coaxially and in parallel;
  • the stator comprises: three layers of coil layers distributed in parallel, each coil layer being sequentially connected in series
  • the planar fan coils are evenly distributed around the circumference;
  • the rotor has a plurality of permanent magnet blocks uniformly distributed on the same circumference, and the adjacent magnetic blocks have opposite polarities, and a Hall sensor is disposed on the inner side surface of the stator, and the features are:
  • Each coil layer is heat-compressed by a plastic composite material, and the plastic composite material contains 5-50% by weight of magnetic powder, and the balance is plastic or resin, such as one or more of PP, PS, PC, and the like.
  • each coil layer In the three-layer coil layer, the structure and shape of each coil layer are the same, and the beginnings of the coil layers are distributed by 120 °, and the terminals of the coil layers are connected.
  • the number of turns of each planar fan coil is at least 2 ⁇ , which can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the motor power.
  • the number of planar fan coils in each coil layer is at least four, and the winding mode is the same.
  • the number of planar fan coils can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the motor power.
  • Each permanent magnet block is fan-shaped and symmetrically distributed with the center of the circumference.
  • the number of permanent magnet blocks can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the motor power.
  • planar fan coils When the number of planar fan coils is large (for example, seven or more), in the same coil layer, portions between adjacent planar fan coils are overlapped.
  • the Hall sensor includes three, and when one of them is between a pair of adjacent permanent magnet blocks, the remaining two are respectively disposed opposite to the pair of permanent magnet blocks.
  • Each coil layer is wound from a single wire to ensure the quality of the motor.
  • the stator includes a pair of symmetrically disposed on both sides of the rotor, and the cover plate adjacent to each stator is a magnetic conductive cover;
  • the rotor includes: a pair of guide disks separated by a separator of non-magnetic material, a permanent magnet block on the disk body;
  • the pair of conductive disk bodies are coaxially disposed parallel to the partition plate; and the polarity of the permanent magnet block on the pair of conductive disk bodies is symmetrical.
  • the stator includes a pair of symmetry, which is beneficial to increase the power of the motor, and at the same time, the force on both sides of the rotor is
  • the specification is uniform, and the stator includes a pair of symmetrically disposed on both sides of the rotor, the permanent magnet block on the rotor is embedded in the mounting hole of the rotor body, or the rotor includes a pair of adjacent structures disposed opposite each other, the pair of rotors
  • the polarity of the permanent magnet block is symmetrical.
  • the rotor is fixed on a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft bearing is matched in a pair of bearing seats, and the stator and the rotor are located between the pair of bearing seats; each of the magnetic conductive cover plates, the stator and the rotor are disposed in a non-conductive In a magnetic annular casing.
  • the silicon-free steel sheet motor of the invention does not need a silicon steel sheet, and the stator adopts a multi-layer coil layer which is hot-pressed into a ring shape by a plastic composite material, and the thickness is generally less than 1 cm.
  • the composite material contains magnetic powder which conducts electricity only when the coil is energized and has good insulation properties. Therefore, there is no magnetic leakage and the magnetic circuit impedance is small, and the magnetic permeability is high, so that the number of turns of the coil can be greatly reduced, and the amount of the copper wire can be reduced.
  • the total coil turns can be reduced by 1/3 and the magnetic block usage is reduced by 1/2 under the same power conditions.
  • the motor of the present application does not need a silicon steel sheet, and the stator adopts a multi-layer coil layer which is hot-pressed by a plastic composite material and has a thickness of generally less than 1 cm.
  • the composite material contains magnetic powder, which is only magnetically conductive when the coil is energized, and Good insulation performance.
  • the stator and the rotor of the motor of the present application are arranged adjacent to each other in parallel and coaxially, the stator has a small thickness, so the volume is small, and the magnetic field generated by the coil layer and the permanent magnet block on the rotor constitute a closed magnetic circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high power silicon-free steel sheet motor of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a positional correspondence diagram between the three Hall sensors and a pair of adjacent permanent magnet blocks on the rotor;
  • FIG. 3 is an embodiment of the rotor of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is another embodiment of the rotor of the present invention, wherein is given;
  • Figure 5 is a structural view showing the end face of the A-phase coil in the motor
  • Figure 6 is a structural view showing the end face of the B-phase coil in the motor
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional structural view of a C-phase coil in the motor
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a distribution structure of a coil in the three-phase motor
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of planar sector coils in the coil layer separated by reference numerals: 1. an annular casing, 2. a magnetically conductive cover plate, 3. a permanent magnet block, 4. a phase A coil layer, 5. Phase B coil layer, 6. Phase C coil layer, 7. Bearing housing, 8. Bearing, 9 shaft, 10. Stator, 11. Hall sensor, 12 rotor, 13. Magnetic shield, 14. Non-magnetic Cover plate, 15. Sector flat coil.
  • the silicon-free steel sheet motor of the present invention comprises an annular casing 1 , a pair of stators 10 and rotors 12 coaxially disposed in the casing, and a bearing matched with the rotating shaft 9 of the rotor 12 .
  • each bearing block 7 is fixed in the annular casing 1 by a corresponding cover plate, and each coil layer on the stator comprises 18, 21, 24 or 27 sector-shaped planar coils 15.
  • the permanent magnet blocks 3 on the rotor 12 are 2-20, symmetrically distributed with the center of the circumference.
  • the coil layers are heat-compressed by a plastic composite material, and the plastic contains 20% or 10% or 30% or 40% or 50% by weight of magnetic powder.
  • the magnetic powder is one or more of iron oxide magnetic powder, cobalt-iron oxide magnetic powder, and chromium dioxide magnetic powder.
  • the outer side of the stator 10 is provided with a magnetic conductive cover 2, and the magnetic conductive cover 2, the stator 10, and the rotor 12 are disposed in the non-magnetically-oriented annular casing 1.
  • the motor of the present application does not need a silicon steel sheet, and the stator adopts a multi-layer coil layer which is hot-pressed into a ring shape by a plastic composite material, and the thickness is generally less than 1 cm.
  • the composite material contains magnetic powder, which conducts magnetic only when the coil is energized, and has good insulation performance. .
  • stator and the rotor 12 of the motor of the present application are arranged adjacent to each other in parallel and coaxially, the stator is thin, and therefore the volume is small, and the magnetic field generated by the coil layer and the permanent magnet block on the rotor 12 constitute a closed magnetic circuit.
  • the composite material is magnetically guided only when the coil is energized, there is no magnetic leakage and the magnetic circuit impedance is small, and the magnetic permeability is high, so that the number of turns of the coil can be greatly reduced, and the amount of the copper wire can be reduced.
  • the total coil turns can be reduced by 1/3 and the magnetic block usage is reduced by 1/2 under the same power conditions. Under the same energy consumption, the motor output power is increased by 15-20. %, effective power up to 88%
  • the stator 10 includes a pair of symmetrically disposed on both sides of the rotor, and a cover plate adjacent to an outer side of each stator 10 is a magnetic conductive cover 2;
  • the rotor 12 includes: a pair of separators 13 separated by a non-magnetic material a magnetic disk body, a permanent magnet block 3 disposed on the conductive disk body; the pair of conductive disk bodies are coaxially disposed parallel to the partition plate 13; and the polarity of the permanent magnet block 3 on the pair of conductive disk bodies is symmetrical.
  • the rotor is fixed on the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft bearing is matched in a pair of bearing seats, and the stator and the rotor are located between the pair of bearing seats; the magnetic conductive cover plates, the stator and the rotor are arranged in a non-magnetically conductive annular outer casing. in.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Brushless Motors (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

一种大功率无硅钢片电机，其包括定子、转子；转子上同圆周均布有多个永磁块，且相邻磁块的极性相反，在定子的内侧面上设有霍尔传感器，其特点是：所述的各线圈层采用塑料复合材料热压成一体，且塑料中含有磁吸粉。本发明的定子采用多层线圈层经塑料复合材料热压呈环形，该复合材料含有磁吸粉，其仅在线圈通电时导磁，且绝缘性能良好。因此无漏磁且磁路阻抗小，导磁率高，故而可大幅降低线圈匝数，减小铜线的用量。相对于传统无刷永磁电机，相同功率的条件下，总的线圈匝数可减小1/3，磁块使用量减少1/2，相同能耗的条件下，电机输出功率提高15-20%，有效功率达88%。

Description

说明书 大功率无硅钢片电机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种大功率无硅钢片电机。 背景技术
现有的直流电机， 电能的转换效率偏低， 线圈和磁块的耗材较多、 利用率低。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种无硅钢片电机，能够大幅降低线圈和 磁块的用量。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种无硅钢片电机，其包括同轴且平 行设置的定子、转子； 定子包括： 三层平行分布的线圈层， 各线圈层由多个依次 串接的平面扇形线圈均匀环绕分布而成；转子上同圆周均布有多个永磁块，且相 邻磁块的极性相反， 在定子的内侧面上设有霍尔传感器， 其特点是： 所述的各线 圈层采用塑料复合材料热压成一体， 且塑料复合材料中含有 5-50wt%的磁吸粉， 余量为塑料或树脂， 例如 PP、 PS、 PC等中的一种或多种。
所述三层线圈层中，各线圈层的结构和形状大小一致，且各线圈层的始端相 差 120 ° 分布， 各线圈层的终端相连接。
各平面扇形线圈的匝数为至少 2匝， 可根据电机功率需要任意调整。
各线圈层中的平面扇形线圈个数为至少 4个，且绕制方式一致，平面扇形线 圈的个数可根据电机功率需要任意调整。
各永磁块呈扇形，且同圆周中心对称分布，永磁块的个数可根据电机功率需 要任意调整。
当平面扇形线圈个数较多 （例如 7个以上）， 则同一线圈层中， 相邻平面扇 形线圈之间部分相叠交。
所述霍尔传感器包括三个， 当其中一个处于一对相邻永磁块之间时，其余的 两个分别与该对永磁块相对设置。
各线圈层由单根导线绕制而成， 以确保电机的品质。
所述定子包括对称设于转子两侧的一对， 与各定子邻近的盖板为导磁盖板； 所述转子包括： 由非导磁材料的隔板隔离的一对导磁盘体，设于该导磁盘体上的 永磁块；该对导磁盘体与所述隔板同轴平行设置； 该对导磁盘体上的永磁块的极 性对称。所述定子包括对称的一对， 利于提高电机功率， 同时使转子两侧受力均 说明书 匀，定子包括对称设于转子两侧的一对，转子上的永磁块嵌于转子本体的安装孔 中，或转子包括相邻背向设置的结构相同的一对，该对转子上的永磁块的极性对 称。
具体实施时，所述转子固定于转轴上，转轴轴承配合于一对轴承座中，定子、 转子处于该对轴承座之间； 所述的各导磁盖板、定子、转子设于一非导磁的环形 外壳中。
相对于现有技术， 本发明具有的技术效果是： （1 ) 本发明的无硅钢片电机， 无需硅钢片，定子采用多层线圈层经塑料复合材料热压呈环形，厚度一般为小于 lcm, 该复合材料含有磁吸粉， 其仅在线圈通电时导磁， 且绝缘性能良好。 因此 无漏磁且磁路阻抗小， 导磁率高， 故而可大幅降低线圈匝数， 减小铜线的用量。 相对于传统无刷永磁电机， 相同功率的条件下， 总的线圈匝数可减小 1/3， 磁块 使用量减少 1/2， 相同能耗的条件下， 电机输出功率提高 15-20%， 有效功率达 88%。 ( 2 )本申请的电机无需硅钢片， 定子采用多层线圈层经塑料复合材料热压 呈环形，厚度一般为小于 lcm，该复合材料含有磁吸粉，其仅在线圈通电时导磁， 且绝缘性能良好。 （3) 由于本申请的电机中定子、转子平行相邻且同轴设置， 定 子厚度薄， 因此体积较小， 线圈层产生的磁场与转子上的永磁块构成封闭磁路。 附图说明
为了清楚说明本发明的创新原理及其相比于现有产品的技术优势，下面借助 于附图通过应用所述原理的非限制性实例说明可能的实施例。 在图中- 图 1为本发明的大功率无硅钢片电机的剖面结构示意图；
图 2为所述三个霍尔传感器与转子上的一对相邻永磁块之间位置对应图； 图 3为本发明转子的一种实施方式；
图 4为本发明转子的另一种实施方式， 其中给出了；
图 5为所述电机中 A相线圈的端面结构图；
图 6为所述电机中 B相线圈的端面结构图；
图 7为所述电机中 C相线圈的端面结构图；
图 8为所述三相电机中的线圈分布结构示意图；
图 9为所述线圈层中的多个平面扇形线圈分离开后的结构示意图； 附图标记： 1.环形外壳， 2.导磁盖板， 3.永磁块， 4. A相线圈层， 5. B相线 圈层， 6. C相线圈层， 7.轴承座， 8.轴承， 9转轴， 10.定子， 11.霍尔传感器， 12转子， 13.隔磁板， 14.非导磁盖板， 15.扇形平面线圈。 说明书 具体实施方式
如图 1-9所示， 本发明所述的无硅钢片电机， 包括环形外壳 1， 同轴设于该 外壳中的一对定子 10、转子 12，与该转子 12的转轴 9轴承配合的一对轴承座 7， 各轴承座 7通过相应的盖板固定在所述环形外壳 1 中， 定子上的各线圈层包括 18、 21、 24或 27个扇形平面线圈 15。
转子 12上的永磁块 3为 2-20个， 同圆周中心对称分布。
所述的各线圈层采用塑料复合材料热压成一体， 且塑料中含有 20^%或 10 ^%或 30^%或 40 %或 50 wt%的磁吸粉。 磁吸粉为氧化铁磁粉、 钴-氧化铁磁 粉、 二氧化铬磁粉中的一种或多种。
定子 10的外侧设有导磁盖板 2， 所述导磁盖板 2、 定子 10、 转子 12设于非 导磁的环形外壳 1中。
本申请的电机无需硅钢片， 定子采用多层线圈层经塑料复合材料热压呈环 形， 厚度一般为小于 lcm， 该复合材料含有磁吸粉， 其仅在线圈通电时导磁， 且 绝缘性能良好。
由于本申请的电机中定子、 转子 12平行相邻且同轴设置， 定子厚度薄， 因 此体积较小， 线圈层产生的磁场与转子 12上的永磁块构成封闭磁路。
由于复合材料仅在线圈通电时才导磁，因此无漏磁且磁路阻抗小，导磁率高， 故而可大幅降低线圈匝数， 减小铜线的用量。
相对于传统无刷永磁电机， 相同功率的条件下， 总的线圈匝数可减小 1/3， 磁块使用量减少 1/2， 相同能耗的条件下， 电机输出功率提高 15-20%， 有效功率 达 88%
图 1为大功率的无硅钢片电机， 其中， 邻近定子 10的盖板为导磁盖板 2， 转子的盖板为非导磁盖板 14。 所述定子 10包括对称设于转子两侧的一对， 与各 定子 10外侧邻近的盖板为导磁盖板 2; 所述转子 12包括：由非导磁材料的隔板 13隔离的一对导磁盘体，设于该导磁盘体上的永磁块 3; 该对导磁盘体与所述隔 板 13同轴平行设置； 该对导磁盘体上的永磁块 3的极性对称。 所述转子固定于 转轴上， 转轴轴承配合于一对轴承座中， 定子、 转子处于该对轴承座之间； 所述 的各导磁盖板、 定子、 转子设于一非导磁的环形外壳中。
上述电机的控制原理， 可采用现有技术真的无刷永磁直流电机的控制原理， 或参见 《平面电机设计与控制》， 作者： 潘剑飞， 曹广忠， 张宙， 出 版 社： 科 学出版社出版时间： 2011-6-1， I S B N: 9787030309594。 说明书 显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发 明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上 还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以 穷举。而这些属于本发明的精祌所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明 的保护范围之中。

Claims

权利要求书
1.一种无硅钢片电机， 包括： 同轴且平行设置的定子、 转子；
定子包括：三层平行分布的线圈层，各线圈层由多个依次串接的平面扇形线 圈均匀环绕分布而成；转子上同圆周均布有多个永磁块，且相邻磁块的极性相反， 在定子的内侧面上设有霍尔传感器，其特征在于：所述的各线圈层采用塑料复合 材料热压成一体， 且塑料复合材料中含有 5-50wt%的磁吸粉。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的无硅钢片电机， 其特征在于： 所述三层线圈层中， 各线圈层的结构和形状大小一致， 且各线圈层的始端相差 120 ° 分布， 各线圈层 的终端相连接。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的无硅钢片电机， 其特征在于： 各平面扇形线圈的匝 数为至少 2匝。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的无硅钢片电机， 其特征在于： 各线圈层中的平面扇 形线圈个数为至少 4个， 且绕制方式一致。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的无硅钢片电机， 其特征在于： 各永磁块呈扇形， 且 同圆周中心对称分布。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的无硅钢片电机， 其特征在于： 同一线圈层中， 相邻 平面扇形线圈之间部分相叠交。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的无硅钢片电机， 其特征在于： 所述霍尔传感器包括 三个， 当其中一个处于一对相邻永磁块之间时，其余的两个分别与该对永磁块相 对设置。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的无硅钢片电机， 其特征在于： 各线圈层由单根导线 绕制而成。
9. 如权利要求 1所述的无硅钢片电机， 其特征在于： 所述定子包括对称设 于转子两侧的一对，与各定子邻近的盖板为导磁盖板；所述转子包括由非导磁材 料的隔板隔离的一对导磁盘体，设于该导磁盘体上的永磁块， 该对导磁盘体与所 述隔板同轴平行设置；
该对导磁盘体上的永磁块的极性对称。
10. 如权利要求 8所述的无硅钢片电机， 其特征在于： 所述转子固定于转轴 上， 转轴轴承配合于一对轴承座中， 定子、 转子处于该对轴承座之间； 所述的各 导磁盖板、 定子、 转子设于一非导磁的环形外壳中。
PCT/CN2014/082399 2013-12-13 2014-07-17 大功率无硅钢片电机 WO2015085771A1 (zh)

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