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WO2015079166A1 - Combustion assembly having facilitated access to the prevaporization tubes - Google Patents

Combustion assembly having facilitated access to the prevaporization tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015079166A1
WO2015079166A1 PCT/FR2014/053043 FR2014053043W WO2015079166A1 WO 2015079166 A1 WO2015079166 A1 WO 2015079166A1 FR 2014053043 W FR2014053043 W FR 2014053043W WO 2015079166 A1 WO2015079166 A1 WO 2015079166A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
opening
combustion
vaporization
rod
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2014/053043
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean Pierre BADET
Cédric TOULOUSE
Nicolas SAVARY
Original Assignee
Turbomeca
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Turbomeca filed Critical Turbomeca
Publication of WO2015079166A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015079166A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/30—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising fuel prevapourising devices
    • F23R3/32—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising fuel prevapourising devices being tubular

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of fuel combustion assemblies, comprising a combustion chamber of the type of pre-vaporization rods, arranged in a housing.
  • a turbomachine conventionally comprising a combustion assembly comprising a casing, in which is disposed a combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber 10 comprises two walls of internal revolution 1 1 and outer 12, respectively, 1 extending inside the other, and connected by an annular wall of the chamber bottom 13.
  • the casing 20 also comprises an outer wall of revolution 22, called outer ring, extending around the combustion chamber, and to which is fixed the outer wall thereof.
  • the combustion assembly further comprises at least one pre-vaporization rod 30, associated with a fuel injector 40 called "main injector”.
  • a main injector injects fuel once the combustion within the chamber has already been initiated by another type of injector called "starter injector".
  • the pre-vaporization rod comprises a duct opening inside the combustion chamber, and inside which opens a main injector.
  • the walls of the pre-vaporization rod heat, and the fuel sprayed on these walls by the injector is evaporated on their contact and mixes with a calibrated air flow at the inlet of the cane before igniting in the combustion chamber at the outlet of the cane.
  • the pre-vaporization rod is itself fixed to the combustion chamber, at the level of the outer wall or the bottom wall of the chamber. this, and enters the combustion chamber through an opening in the wall.
  • Pre-vaporization rods have many advantages; in particular, they have a low production cost, a high combustion efficiency and eliminate any instabilities of combustion.
  • rods are immersed in the flow and thus undergo high temperatures but can also be exposed to oxidation-corrosion phenomena in contact with the air-fuel gas mixture that passes through them.
  • the damage of the pre-vaporization rods therefore involve high maintenance and production costs, and forced immobilization of the turbomachine with each maintenance requirement.
  • An object of the invention is to overcome at least one problem mentioned above, by proposing an injection assembly comprising a combustion chamber and at least one pre-vaporization rod whose maintenance is facilitated.
  • an object of the invention is to provide an injection assembly allowing simplified access to the pre-vaporization rods.
  • turbomachine combustion assembly comprising:
  • a fuel combustion chamber disposed in the casing, the combustion chamber comprising two walls of revolution respectively internal and external extending one inside the other and being connected by a bottom wall of a chamber, and
  • the pre-vaporization rod extending into the combustion chamber, the pre-vaporization rod being mounted on the housing and entering the combustion chamber through an opening made in the outer wall thereof, the assembly being characterized in that the housing comprises a ferrule provided with an opening facing the opening of the outer wall of the combustion chamber, and a tubular boss attached to said shell around the opening, the pre-vaporization rod being attached to the boss and extends through the opening of the casing shell,
  • the assembly further comprises a fuel injector opening into the pre-vaporization rod
  • the pre-vaporization rod comprises a base attached to the boss
  • the fuel injector comprises a plate attached to the base of the rod of pre-vaporization, and an injection conduit extending into the cane.
  • the combustion assembly according to the invention may further comprise at least one of the following features: the pre-vaporization rod is removably mounted on the housing.
  • the pre-vaporization rod comprises a wall extending between the shell of the housing and the outer wall of the combustion chamber, said wall of the cane comprising at least one air intake port.
  • the injection conduit of the injector extends into the pre-vaporization rod beyond the at least one air intake opening, to prevent the injection of fuel out of the cane.
  • the pre-vaporization rod opens into the combustion chamber by at least one nozzle directed towards the bottom wall of the chamber.
  • the assembly further comprises a sealing ring disposed between the pre-vaporization rod and an edge of the opening of the wall of the combustion chamber, the ring being adapted to seal the combustion chamber at the level of the combustion chamber. of said opening.
  • the sealing ring is mounted with clearance on the outer wall of the combustion chamber, and comprises an annular plate extending around the pre-vaporization rod, the pre-vaporization rod being rotatably mounted on said annular plate.
  • the invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising a combustion assembly according to the foregoing description.
  • the proposed combustion assembly allows easy access to the pre-vaporization rods by the housing, which simplifies maintenance operations, since in particular it is no longer necessary to remove the combustion chamber to be able to replace or repair the rods. Pre-vaporization.
  • Figure 1 already described, is a partial view of a combustion assembly of the state of the art.
  • Figures 2a to 2c show partial views of a combustion assembly according to different embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a detail of embodiment of a combustion assembly according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents a turbomachine comprising such a combustion assembly.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown a turbomachine T comprising a combustion assembly 1.
  • This combustion assembly which is partially shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c and 3, comprises a combustion chamber 10, comprising two walls of revolution respectively internal 1 1 and external 12 extending one inside the other, and being interconnected by an annular wall 13 of the chamber bottom.
  • the combustion assembly 1 further comprises a casing 20, in which the combustion chamber is arranged.
  • the housing 20 comprises an outer shell 22, which is a wall of revolution extending around the combustion chamber 10, the latter being fixed on the shell 22, at its outer wall
  • the combustion assembly 1 comprises at least one, and preferably a plurality of pre-vaporization rods 30.
  • pre-vaporization are advantageously of 4 to 20, and distributed regularly, that is to say advantageously at constant angular intervals, around the circumference of the combustion chamber.
  • Each pre-vaporization rod 30 comprises a tubular wall 31 forming a duct 32 extending inside the combustion chamber 10, and opening therein through at least one endpiece 33.
  • a fuel injector 40 extends into the conduit 32 of each pre-vaporization rod and opens into said conduit 32 to inject fuel.
  • the fuel is projected by the injector 40 against the wall 31 of the rod, which is heated by the combustion taking place in the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel vaporizes and mixes with air coming from one or more orifices 35 made in the wall 31 of the cane, between the outer shell 22 of the casing 20 and the outer wall 12 of the chamber of combustion.
  • FIGS. 2a to 2c Several orifice arrangements 35 on the wall 31 of the cane have been shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c; the preferred arrangement is selected depending on the use of the cane 30 and its need for air.
  • the air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber via the tip (s) 33 of the pre-vaporization rod 30.
  • each rod has two endpieces 33, to maximize the flow of air-fuel mixture injected into the chamber.
  • each nozzle 33 is preferably oriented towards the chamber bottom wall 13 to maximize the combustion of the mixture in the chamber and thus the energy efficiency of the turbomachine in which this assembly is disposed.
  • FIG. 2c is a preferred embodiment since it has two endpieces arranged at an equal distance from the injector 40, allowing the flow rates fuel injected by the two ends are homogeneous.
  • the two ends 33 are oriented towards the chamber bottom wall 13, allowing good combustion of the injected fuel.
  • each pre-vaporization rod 30 is mounted on the outer shell 22 of the casing 20, and penetrates inside the chamber 10 through an opening 14 formed in the outer wall 12 thereof.
  • each pre-vaporization rod 30 is mounted on the outer side of the outer shell 22 of the casing 20. This allows access to the pre-vaporization rod, for example to repair or replace it, by the outside of the casing, without have to dismount it or the combustion chamber.
  • the pre-vaporization rod 30 thus penetrates inside the housing by means of an opening 24 made in its outer shell 22, the opening 24 preferably being opposite the opening 14 of the wall of the combustion chamber, to facilitate the insertion and removal of a pre-vaporization rod, the conduit 32 extending generally rectilinearly.
  • Each pre-vaporization rod 30 is preferably mounted on the shell 22 of the housing removably, for example by bolting or screwing. Thus it makes it easy to remove a cane to replace, repair or clean.
  • the housing 20 comprises a boss 23 attached to the shell 22 around the opening 24, the outer side c that is to say opposite to the side where the combustion chamber is located, the boss being preferably cylindrical and of identical section to the section of the opening 24, so as to form with the opening 24 a duct in which is inserted the pre-vaporization cane.
  • the pre-vaporization rod 30 To mount the pre-vaporization rod 30 on the casing 20, it comprises a base 34 mounted on the boss 23, advantageously in a removable manner, for example by bolting or screwing, as indicated above.
  • the fuel injector 40 comprises a plate 41 and an injection pipe 42, the plate 41 being attached to the base 34 of the pre-vaporization rod 30, preferably also removably, for example by screwing or bolting. Thus, no drilling is performed in the shell 22 of the casing 20.
  • the injection duct 42 of the injector extending in the duct 32 of the pre-vaporization duct and opens into the latter beyond the orifice or openings 35 arranged in its wall, to avoid any risk of injection or leakage of fuel out of the cane.
  • the combustion assembly 1 further comprises a sealing ring 50 adapted to seal the combustion chamber 20 at the opening for crossing the pre-vaporization rod in the chamber.
  • the sealing ring 50 is disposed between an edge 140 of the opening 14 and the tubular wall 31 of the rod.
  • the ring seals the wall 12, while allowing it to be deformed by thermal expansion during operation of the turbomachine.
  • FIGS. 2a to 2c and 3 Several embodiments known to those skilled in the art can be adopted for the sealing ring, as can be seen in FIGS. 2a to 2c and 3.
  • the sealing ring can be attached to the wall 12 of the chamber and the pre-vaporization rod can comprise a spring sheet shown in FIG. 2c, which is deformed against the ring 50.
  • the pre-vaporization rod is rotulante mounted on the sealing ring, so as to pivot against said ring during a thermal expansion of the chamber.
  • the sealing ring 50 comprises an annular plate 51 extending around the wall 31 of the pre-vaporization rod, from which extend parallel two flanges 52 between which is positioned the outer wall 12 of the chamber.
  • the ring 50 is mounted with a radial and axial clearance with respect to the axis of revolution of the combustion chamber.
  • the wall 31 of the pre-vaporization rod comprises, opposite said annular plate 51, a circumferential bead 310 which has a rounded outer surface to bear on the plate 51 on a circular line.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a turbine engine combustion assembly, including: a casing; a fuel combustion chamber arranged in the casing, the combustion chamber including two rotationally symmetrical walls, internal and external, respectively, one extending inside the other and being connected by a chamber bottom wall; and at least one prevaporization tube extending in the combustion chamber from the external wall thereof, the prevaporization tube being mounted on the casing and penetrating the combustion chamber through an opening provided in the external wall thereof, characterized in that the casing includes a ferrule provided with an opening facing the opening of the external wall of the combustion chamber, and a tubular embossing added to said ferrule around the opening, the prevaporization tube being inserted in the embossing and extending through the opening of the casing ferrule, and in that the assembly further includes a fuel injector leading into the prevaporization tube. The prevaporization tube includes a base mounted on the embossing, the fuel injector includes a plate mounted on the base of the prevaporization tube, and an injection pipe extends into the tube. The invention further relates to a turbine engine including such an assembly.

Description

ENSEMBLE DE COMBUSTION A ACCES FACILITE DES CANNES DE  COMBUSTION ASSEMBLY WITH ACCESS FACILITATES CANES OF
PREVAPORISATION  pre-vaporization
DOMAINE DE L'INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Le domaine de l'invention est celui des ensembles de combustion de carburant, comprenant une chambre de combustion du type à cannes de prévaporisation, disposée dans un carter.  The field of the invention is that of fuel combustion assemblies, comprising a combustion chamber of the type of pre-vaporization rods, arranged in a housing.
ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE STATE OF THE ART
En référence à la figure 1 , une turbomachine comprenant classiquement un ensemble de combustion comprenant un carter, dans lequel est disposée une chambre de combustion.  Referring to Figure 1, a turbomachine conventionally comprising a combustion assembly comprising a casing, in which is disposed a combustion chamber.
La chambre de combustion 10 comprend deux parois de révolution respectivement interne 1 1 et externe 12 s'étendant l'une à l'intérieur de l'autre, et reliées par une paroi annulaire de fond de chambre 13.  The combustion chamber 10 comprises two walls of internal revolution 1 1 and outer 12, respectively, 1 extending inside the other, and connected by an annular wall of the chamber bottom 13.
Le carter 20 comprend également une paroi externe de révolution 22, dite virole externe, s'étendant autour de la chambre de combustion, et à laquelle est fixée la paroi externe de celle-ci.  The casing 20 also comprises an outer wall of revolution 22, called outer ring, extending around the combustion chamber, and to which is fixed the outer wall thereof.
Lorsque la chambre de combustion est du type à cannes de prévaporisation, l'ensemble de combustion comprend en outre au moins une canne de prévaporisation 30, associée à un injecteur de carburant 40 dit « injecteur principal ».  When the combustion chamber is of the type of pre-vaporization rods, the combustion assembly further comprises at least one pre-vaporization rod 30, associated with a fuel injector 40 called "main injector".
Un injecteur principal injecte du carburant une fois que la combustion au sein de la chambre a déjà été initiée par un autre type d'injecteur dit « injecteur de démarrage ».  A main injector injects fuel once the combustion within the chamber has already been initiated by another type of injector called "starter injector".
La canne de prévaporisation comprend un conduit débouchant à l'intérieur de la chambre de combustion, et à l'intérieur duquel débouche un injecteur principal.  The pre-vaporization rod comprises a duct opening inside the combustion chamber, and inside which opens a main injector.
Lorsque la combustion a lieu dans la chambre, les parois de la canne de prévaporisation chauffent, et le carburant projeté sur ces parois par l'injecteur est évaporé à leur contact et vient se mélanger à un débit d'air calibré en entrée de la canne, avant de s'enflammer dans la chambre de combustion en sortie de la canne.  When the combustion takes place in the chamber, the walls of the pre-vaporization rod heat, and the fuel sprayed on these walls by the injector is evaporated on their contact and mixes with a calibrated air flow at the inlet of the cane before igniting in the combustion chamber at the outlet of the cane.
La canne de prévaporisation est elle-même fixée à la chambre de combustion, au niveau de la paroi externe ou de la paroi de fond de chambre de celle-ci, et pénètre dans la chambre de combustion au travers d'une ouverture pratiquée dans la paroi. The pre-vaporization rod is itself fixed to the combustion chamber, at the level of the outer wall or the bottom wall of the chamber. this, and enters the combustion chamber through an opening in the wall.
Les cannes de prévaporisation présentent de nombreux avantages ; notamment, elles présentent un faible coût de production, un haut rendement de combustion et suppriment d'éventuelles instabilités de combustion.  Pre-vaporization rods have many advantages; in particular, they have a low production cost, a high combustion efficiency and eliminate any instabilities of combustion.
Cependant, la durée de vie des cannes est limitée en fonctionnement car elles évoluent dans un environnement agressif. En effet, les cannes sont immergées dans l'écoulement et subissent donc de fortes températures mais peuvent aussi être exposées à des phénomènes d'oxydation-corrosion au contact du mélange gazeux air-carburant qui les traverse.  However, the lifespan of rods is limited in operation because they evolve in an aggressive environment. Indeed, the rods are immersed in the flow and thus undergo high temperatures but can also be exposed to oxidation-corrosion phenomena in contact with the air-fuel gas mixture that passes through them.
Or, du fait que les cannes sont fixées sur la chambre de combustion, leur remplacement nécessite de démonter la turbomachine dans laquelle l'ensemble de combustion est disposé, et de déposer la chambre de combustion en centre de réparation.  However, because the rods are fixed on the combustion chamber, their replacement requires dismantling the turbomachine in which the combustion assembly is disposed, and to deposit the combustion chamber in a repair center.
Les endommagements des cannes de prévaporisation impliquent donc des coûts de maintenance et de production élevés, et une immobilisation forcée de la turbomachine à chaque nécessité de maintenance.  The damage of the pre-vaporization rods therefore involve high maintenance and production costs, and forced immobilization of the turbomachine with each maintenance requirement.
PRESENTATION DE L'INVENTION PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
Un but de l'invention est de pallier au moins un problème évoqué ci-avant, en proposant un ensemble d'injection comprenant une chambre de combustion et au moins une canne de prévaporisation dont la maintenance soit facilitée.  An object of the invention is to overcome at least one problem mentioned above, by proposing an injection assembly comprising a combustion chamber and at least one pre-vaporization rod whose maintenance is facilitated.
En particulier, un but de l'invention est de proposer un ensemble d'injection permettant un accès simplifié aux cannes de prévaporisation.  In particular, an object of the invention is to provide an injection assembly allowing simplified access to the pre-vaporization rods.
A cet égard, l'invention a pour objet un ensemble de combustion de turbomachine, comprenant : In this regard, the invention relates to a turbomachine combustion assembly, comprising:
un carter,  a housing,
une chambre de combustion de carburant, disposée dans le carter, la chambre de combustion comprenant deux parois de révolution respectivement interne et externe s'étendant l'une à l'intérieur de l'autre et étant reliées par une paroi de fond de chambre, et  a fuel combustion chamber disposed in the casing, the combustion chamber comprising two walls of revolution respectively internal and external extending one inside the other and being connected by a bottom wall of a chamber, and
au moins une canne de prévaporisation, s'étendant dans la chambre de combustion, la canne de prévaporisation étant montée sur le carter et pénètre dans la chambre de combustion au travers d'une ouverture réalisée dans la paroi externe de celle-ci, l'ensemble étant caractérisé en ce que le carter comprend une virole pourvue d'une ouverture en regard de l'ouverture de la paroi externe de la chambre de combustion, et un bossage tubulaire rapporté sur ladite virole autour de l'ouverture, la canne de prévaporisation étant rapportée sur le bossage et s'étend au travers de l'ouverture de la virole du carter, at least one pre-vaporization rod, extending into the combustion chamber, the pre-vaporization rod being mounted on the housing and entering the combustion chamber through an opening made in the outer wall thereof, the assembly being characterized in that the housing comprises a ferrule provided with an opening facing the opening of the outer wall of the combustion chamber, and a tubular boss attached to said shell around the opening, the pre-vaporization rod being attached to the boss and extends through the opening of the casing shell,
et en ce que l'ensemble comprend en outre un injecteur de carburant débouchant dans la canne de prévaporisation, la canne de prévaporisation comprend un socle rapporté sur le bossage, et l'injecteur de carburant comprend une platine rapportée sur le socle de la canne de prévaporisation, et un conduit d'injection s'étendant dans la canne. and in that the assembly further comprises a fuel injector opening into the pre-vaporization rod, the pre-vaporization rod comprises a base attached to the boss, and the fuel injector comprises a plate attached to the base of the rod of pre-vaporization, and an injection conduit extending into the cane.
Avantageusement, mais facultativement, l'ensemble de combustion selon l'invention peut en outre comprendre au moins l'une des caractéristiques suivantes : la canne de prévaporisation est montée sur le carter de manière amovible. La canne de prévaporisation comprend une paroi s'étendant entre la virole du carter et la paroi externe de la chambre de combustion, ladite paroi de la canne comprenant au moins un orifice d'admission d'air. Advantageously, but optionally, the combustion assembly according to the invention may further comprise at least one of the following features: the pre-vaporization rod is removably mounted on the housing. The pre-vaporization rod comprises a wall extending between the shell of the housing and the outer wall of the combustion chamber, said wall of the cane comprising at least one air intake port.
Le conduit d'injection de l'injecteur s'étend dans la canne de prévaporisation au-delà du ou des orifices d'admission d'air, pour empêcher l'injection de carburant hors de la canne.  The injection conduit of the injector extends into the pre-vaporization rod beyond the at least one air intake opening, to prevent the injection of fuel out of the cane.
La canne de prévaporisation débouche dans la chambre de combustion par au moins un embout dirigé vers la paroi de fond de chambre.  The pre-vaporization rod opens into the combustion chamber by at least one nozzle directed towards the bottom wall of the chamber.
L'ensemble comprend en outre une bague d'étanchéité, disposée entre la canne de prévaporisation et un bord de l'ouverture de la paroi de la chambre de combustion, la bague étant adaptée pour assurer l'étanchéité de la chambre de combustion au niveau de ladite ouverture.  The assembly further comprises a sealing ring disposed between the pre-vaporization rod and an edge of the opening of the wall of the combustion chamber, the ring being adapted to seal the combustion chamber at the level of the combustion chamber. of said opening.
La bague d'étanchéité est montée avec jeu sur la paroi externe de la chambre de combustion, et comprend une platine annulaire s'étendant autour de la canne de prévaporisation, la canne de prévaporisation étant montée rotulante sur ladite platine annulaire.  The sealing ring is mounted with clearance on the outer wall of the combustion chamber, and comprises an annular plate extending around the pre-vaporization rod, the pre-vaporization rod being rotatably mounted on said annular plate.
L'invention a également pour objet une turbomachine comprenant un ensemble de combustion selon la description qui précède. L'ensemble de combustion proposé permet d'accéder facilement aux cannes de prévaporisation par le carter, ce qui simplifie les opérations de maintenance, puisqu'en particulier il n'est plus nécessaire de déposer la chambre de combustion pour pouvoir remplacer ou réparer les cannes de prévaporisation. The invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising a combustion assembly according to the foregoing description. The proposed combustion assembly allows easy access to the pre-vaporization rods by the housing, which simplifies maintenance operations, since in particular it is no longer necessary to remove the combustion chamber to be able to replace or repair the rods. Pre-vaporization.
DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
D'autres caractéristiques, buts et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui suit, qui est purement illustrative et non limitative, et qui doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels :  Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and nonlimiting, and which should be read with reference to the appended drawings in which:
La figure 1 , déjà décrite, est une vue partielle d'un ensemble de combustion de l'état de la technique.  Figure 1, already described, is a partial view of a combustion assembly of the state of the art.
Les figures 2a à 2c représentent des vues partielles d'un ensemble de combustion selon différents modes de réalisation de l'invention.  Figures 2a to 2c show partial views of a combustion assembly according to different embodiments of the invention.
La figure 3 représente un détail de réalisation d'un ensemble de combustion selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.  Figure 3 shows a detail of embodiment of a combustion assembly according to one embodiment of the invention.
La figure 4 représente schématiquement une turbomachine comprenant un tel ensemble de combustion. DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'AU MOINS UN MODE DE REALISATION DE L'INVENTION  FIG. 4 schematically represents a turbomachine comprising such a combustion assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AT LEAST ONE EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
En référence à la figure 4, on a représenté une turbomachine T comprenant un ensemble de combustion 1 . Cet ensemble de combustion, qui est représenté partiellement sur les figures 2a à 2c et 3, comprend une chambre de combustion 10, comprenant deux parois de révolution respectivement interne 1 1 et externe 12 s'étendant l'une à l'intérieur de l'autre, et étant reliées entre elles par une paroi annulaire 13 de fond de chambre.  With reference to FIG. 4, there is shown a turbomachine T comprising a combustion assembly 1. This combustion assembly, which is partially shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c and 3, comprises a combustion chamber 10, comprising two walls of revolution respectively internal 1 1 and external 12 extending one inside the other, and being interconnected by an annular wall 13 of the chamber bottom.
L'ensemble de combustion 1 comprend en outre un carter 20, dans lequel est disposée la chambre de combustion. Le carter 20 comprend une virole externe 22, qui est une paroi de révolution s'étendant autour de la chambre 10 de combustion, cette dernière étant fixée sur la virole 22, au niveau de sa paroi externe The combustion assembly 1 further comprises a casing 20, in which the combustion chamber is arranged. The housing 20 comprises an outer shell 22, which is a wall of revolution extending around the combustion chamber 10, the latter being fixed on the shell 22, at its outer wall
12. 12.
En outre, l'ensemble de combustion 1 comprend au moins une, et de préférence une pluralité de cannes de prévaporisation 30. Les cannes de prévaporisation sont avantageusement au nombre de 4 à 20, et réparties régulièrement, c'est-à-dire avantageusement à intervalle angulaire constant, sur la circonférence de la chambre de combustion. In addition, the combustion assembly 1 comprises at least one, and preferably a plurality of pre-vaporization rods 30. pre-vaporization are advantageously of 4 to 20, and distributed regularly, that is to say advantageously at constant angular intervals, around the circumference of the combustion chamber.
Chaque canne de prévaporisation 30 comprend une paroi tubulaire 31 formant un conduit 32 s'étendant à l'intérieur de la chambre de combustion 10, et débouchant dans celle-ci par au moins un embout 33.  Each pre-vaporization rod 30 comprises a tubular wall 31 forming a duct 32 extending inside the combustion chamber 10, and opening therein through at least one endpiece 33.
En outre, comme visible sur la figure 3c (cet élément ayant été omis dans les autres figures), un injecteur de carburant 40 s'étend dans le conduit 32 de chaque canne de prévaporisation et débouche dans ledit conduit 32 pour y injecter du carburant.  In addition, as shown in Figure 3c (this element has been omitted in the other figures), a fuel injector 40 extends into the conduit 32 of each pre-vaporization rod and opens into said conduit 32 to inject fuel.
Comme expliqué précédemment, le carburant est projeté par l'injecteur 40 contre la paroi 31 de la canne, qui est chauffée par la combustion ayant lieu dans la chambre de combustion. Au contact de la paroi le carburant se vaporise et se mélange avec de l'air provenant d'un ou plusieurs orifices 35 réalisés dans la paroi 31 de la canne, entre la virole externe 22 du carter 20 et la paroi externe 12 de la chambre de combustion. Plusieurs dispositions d'orifices 35 sur la paroi 31 de la canne ont été représentées dans les figures 2a à 2c ; la disposition préférée est sélectionnée en fonction de l'utilisation de la canne 30 et de son besoin en air.  As explained above, the fuel is projected by the injector 40 against the wall 31 of the rod, which is heated by the combustion taking place in the combustion chamber. In contact with the wall, the fuel vaporizes and mixes with air coming from one or more orifices 35 made in the wall 31 of the cane, between the outer shell 22 of the casing 20 and the outer wall 12 of the chamber of combustion. Several orifice arrangements 35 on the wall 31 of the cane have been shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c; the preferred arrangement is selected depending on the use of the cane 30 and its need for air.
Le mélange air-carburant pénètre dans la chambre de combustion par le ou les embouts 33 de la canne de prévaporisation 30.  The air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber via the tip (s) 33 of the pre-vaporization rod 30.
Avantageusement, chaque canne présente deux embouts 33, pour maximiser le débit de mélange air-carburant injecté dans la chambre. De plus, chaque embout 33 est de préférence orienté vers la paroi de fond de chambre 13 pour maximiser la combustion du mélange dans la chambre et donc le rendement énergétique de la turbomachine dans laquelle cet ensemble est disposé.  Advantageously, each rod has two endpieces 33, to maximize the flow of air-fuel mixture injected into the chamber. In addition, each nozzle 33 is preferably oriented towards the chamber bottom wall 13 to maximize the combustion of the mixture in the chamber and thus the energy efficiency of the turbomachine in which this assembly is disposed.
Ainsi, parmi les modes de réalisation de la canne de prévaporisation représentés figures 2a à 2c, celui de la figure 2c est un mode de réalisation préféré puisqu'il présente deux embouts disposés à une distance égale de l'injecteur 40, permettant que les débits de carburant injectés par les deux embouts soient homogènes.  Thus, among the embodiments of the pre-vaporization rod represented in FIGS. 2a to 2c, that of FIG. 2c is a preferred embodiment since it has two endpieces arranged at an equal distance from the injector 40, allowing the flow rates fuel injected by the two ends are homogeneous.
De plus les deux embouts 33 sont orientés vers la paroi de fond de chambre 13, permettant une bonne combustion du carburant injecté.  In addition, the two ends 33 are oriented towards the chamber bottom wall 13, allowing good combustion of the injected fuel.
De retour aux figures 2a à 2c et 3, chaque canne de prévaporisation 30 est montée sur la virole externe 22 du carter 20, et pénètre à l'intérieur de la chambre de combustion 10 au travers d'une ouverture 14 pratiquée dans la paroi externe 12 de celle-ci. Returning to FIGS. 2a to 2c and 3, each pre-vaporization rod 30 is mounted on the outer shell 22 of the casing 20, and penetrates inside the chamber 10 through an opening 14 formed in the outer wall 12 thereof.
De préférence, chaque canne de prévaporisation 30 est montée du coté externe de la virole externe 22 du carter 20. Ceci permet d'accéder à la canne de prévaporisation, par exemple pour la réparer ou la remplacer, par l'extérieur du carter, sans avoir à démonter celui-ci ou la chambre de combustion.  Preferably, each pre-vaporization rod 30 is mounted on the outer side of the outer shell 22 of the casing 20. This allows access to the pre-vaporization rod, for example to repair or replace it, by the outside of the casing, without have to dismount it or the combustion chamber.
La canne de prévaporisation 30 pénètre ainsi à l'intérieur du carter au moyen d'une ouverture 24 pratiquée dans sa virole externe 22, l'ouverture 24 étant de préférence en regard de l'ouverture 14 de la paroi de la chambre de combustion, pour faciliter l'insertion et le retrait d'une canne de prévaporisation, dont le conduit 32 s'étendant généralement de manière rectiligne.  The pre-vaporization rod 30 thus penetrates inside the housing by means of an opening 24 made in its outer shell 22, the opening 24 preferably being opposite the opening 14 of the wall of the combustion chamber, to facilitate the insertion and removal of a pre-vaporization rod, the conduit 32 extending generally rectilinearly.
Chaque canne de prévaporisation 30 est de préférence montée sur la virole 22 du carter de manière amovible, par exemple par boulonnage ou par vissage. Ainsi cela permet d'ôter facilement une canne pour la remplacer, la réparer ou la nettoyer.  Each pre-vaporization rod 30 is preferably mounted on the shell 22 of the housing removably, for example by bolting or screwing. Thus it makes it easy to remove a cane to replace, repair or clean.
A cet égard, pour éviter d'affaiblir la structure du carter et pour limiter tout risque de perte d'étanchéité à ce niveau, le carter 20 comprend un bossage 23 rapporté sur la virole 22 autour de l'ouverture 24, du côté externe c'est-à-dire opposé au côté où se trouve la chambre de combustion, le bossage étant de préférence cylindrique et de section identique à la section de l'ouverture 24, de manière à former avec l'ouverture 24 un conduit dans lequel est insérée la canne de prévaporisation.  In this regard, to avoid weakening the structure of the housing and to limit any risk of leakage at this level, the housing 20 comprises a boss 23 attached to the shell 22 around the opening 24, the outer side c that is to say opposite to the side where the combustion chamber is located, the boss being preferably cylindrical and of identical section to the section of the opening 24, so as to form with the opening 24 a duct in which is inserted the pre-vaporization cane.
Pour monter la canne de prévaporisation 30 sur le carter 20, celle-ci comprend un socle 34 rapporté sur le bossage 23, avantageusement de manière amovible, par exemple par boulonnage ou vissage, comme indiqué ci-avant.  To mount the pre-vaporization rod 30 on the casing 20, it comprises a base 34 mounted on the boss 23, advantageously in a removable manner, for example by bolting or screwing, as indicated above.
Enfin, l'injecteur de carburant 40 comprend une platine 41 et un conduit d'injection 42, la platine 41 étant rapportée sur le socle 34 de la canne de prévaporisation 30, de préférence également de manière amovible, par exemple par vissage ou boulonnage. Ainsi, aucun perçage n'est réalisé dans la virole 22 du carter 20.  Finally, the fuel injector 40 comprises a plate 41 and an injection pipe 42, the plate 41 being attached to the base 34 of the pre-vaporization rod 30, preferably also removably, for example by screwing or bolting. Thus, no drilling is performed in the shell 22 of the casing 20.
Comme visible sur la figure 2c, le conduit d'injection 42 de l'injecteur s'étendant dans le conduit 32 de la canne de prévaporisation et débouche dans celle-ci au-delà du ou des orifices 35 agencés dans sa paroi, pour éviter tout risque d'injection ou de fuite de carburant hors de la canne. Enfin, l'ensemble de combustion 1 comprend en outre une bague d'étanchéité 50, adaptée pour assurer l'étanchéité de la chambre de combustion 20 au niveau de l'ouverture permettant le franchissement de la canne de prévaporisation dans la chambre. As can be seen in FIG. 2c, the injection duct 42 of the injector extending in the duct 32 of the pre-vaporization duct and opens into the latter beyond the orifice or openings 35 arranged in its wall, to avoid any risk of injection or leakage of fuel out of the cane. Finally, the combustion assembly 1 further comprises a sealing ring 50 adapted to seal the combustion chamber 20 at the opening for crossing the pre-vaporization rod in the chamber.
Pour cela, la bague d'étanchéité 50 est disposée entre un bord 140 de l'ouverture 14 et la paroi 31 tubulaire de la canne. Avantageusement, la bague assure l'étanchéité de la paroi 12, tout en autorisant celle-ci à se déformer par dilatation thermique lors du fonctionnement de la turbomachine.  For this, the sealing ring 50 is disposed between an edge 140 of the opening 14 and the tubular wall 31 of the rod. Advantageously, the ring seals the wall 12, while allowing it to be deformed by thermal expansion during operation of the turbomachine.
Plusieurs modes de réalisation connus de l'homme de l'art peuvent être adoptés pour la bague d'étanchéité, comme visible sur les figures 2a à 2c et 3.  Several embodiments known to those skilled in the art can be adopted for the sealing ring, as can be seen in FIGS. 2a to 2c and 3.
Ainsi, par exemple, la bague d'étanchéité peut être rapportée sur la paroi 12 de la chambre et la canne de prévaporisation peut comprendre une tôle ressort représentée en figure 2c, qui vient se déformer contre la bague 50.  Thus, for example, the sealing ring can be attached to the wall 12 of the chamber and the pre-vaporization rod can comprise a spring sheet shown in FIG. 2c, which is deformed against the ring 50.
Selon le mode de réalisation préféré représenté en figure 3, la canne de prévaporisation est montée rotulante sur la bague d'étanchéité, de manière à pouvoir pivoter contre ladite bague lors d'une dilatation thermique de la chambre.  According to the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 3, the pre-vaporization rod is rotulante mounted on the sealing ring, so as to pivot against said ring during a thermal expansion of the chamber.
Pour ce faire, la bague d'étanchéité 50 comporte une platine annulaire 51 s'étendant autour de la paroi 31 de la canne de prévaporisation, depuis laquelle s'étendent parallèlement deux collerettes 52 entre lesquelles est positionnée la paroi externe 12 de la chambre. La bague 50 est montée avec un jeu radial et axial par rapport à l'axe de révolution de la chambre de combustion.  To do this, the sealing ring 50 comprises an annular plate 51 extending around the wall 31 of the pre-vaporization rod, from which extend parallel two flanges 52 between which is positioned the outer wall 12 of the chamber. The ring 50 is mounted with a radial and axial clearance with respect to the axis of revolution of the combustion chamber.
De plus, la paroi 31 de la canne de prévaporisation comprend, en regard de ladite platine annulaire 51 , un bourrelet circonférentiel 310 qui présente une surface externe arrondi pour venir en appui sur la platine 51 sur une ligne circulaire.  In addition, the wall 31 of the pre-vaporization rod comprises, opposite said annular plate 51, a circumferential bead 310 which has a rounded outer surface to bear on the plate 51 on a circular line.
On a ainsi proposé un montage d'ensemble de combustion qui permet d'accéder facilement aux cannes de prévaporisation, tout en conservant les propriétés mécaniques du carter et l'étanchéité de la chambre de combustion, y compris en tenant compte des fortes contraintes thermiques auxquelles elle est exposée. It has thus been proposed a combustion assembly assembly that allows easy access to the pre-vaporization rods, while maintaining the mechanical properties of the housing and the tightness of the combustion chamber, including taking into account the high thermal stresses to which she is exposed.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Ensemble (1 ) de combustion de turbomachine, comprenant : 1. Turbomachine combustion assembly (1), comprising:
un carter (20),  a housing (20),
- une chambre de combustion (10) de carburant, disposée dans le carter (20), la chambre de combustion comprenant deux parois de révolution respectivement interne (1 1 ) et externe (12) s'étendant l'une à l'intérieur de l'autre et étant reliées par une paroi de fond de chambre (13), et  a combustion chamber (10) for fuel disposed in the casing (20), the combustion chamber comprising two walls of revolution, respectively internal (1 1) and external (12), extending inside one of the other and being connected by a bottom wall of a chamber (13), and
au moins une canne de prévaporisation (30), s'étendant dans la chambre de combustion,  at least one pre-vaporization rod (30) extending into the combustion chamber,
la canne de prévaporisation (30) étant montée sur le carter (20) et pénètre dans la chambre de combustion au travers d'une ouverture (14) réalisée dans la paroi externe de celle-ci, the pre-vaporization rod (30) being mounted on the housing (20) and entering the combustion chamber through an opening (14) formed in the outer wall thereof,
caractérisé en ce que le carter (20) comprend une virole (22) pourvue d'une ouverture (24) en regard de l'ouverture (14) de la paroi externe (12) de la chambre de combustion (10), et un bossage tubulaire (23) rapporté sur ladite virole autour de l'ouverture (24), la canne de prévaporisation (30) étant rapportée sur le bossage et s'étend au travers de l'ouverture (24) de la virole (22) du carter, characterized in that the housing (20) comprises a shell (22) provided with an opening (24) facing the opening (14) of the outer wall (12) of the combustion chamber (10), and a tubular boss (23) attached to said ferrule around the opening (24), the pre-vaporization rod (30) being attached to the boss and extends through the opening (24) of the shell (22) of the casing,
et en ce que l'ensemble comprend en outre un injecteur de carburant (40) débouchant dans la canne de prévaporisation (30), la canne de prévaporisation comprend un socle (34) rapporté sur le bossage (23), et l'injecteur de carburant (40) comprend une platine (41 ) rapportée sur le socle (34) de la canne de prévaporisation, et un conduit d'injection (42) s'étendant dans la canne (30). and in that the assembly further comprises a fuel injector (40) opening into the pre-vaporization rod (30), the pre-vaporization rod comprises a base (34) attached to the boss (23), and the injector fuel (40) comprises a plate (41) attached to the base (34) of the pre-vaporization rod, and an injection conduit (42) extending in the rod (30).
2. Ensemble de combustion (1 ) selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel la canne de prévaporisation (30) est montée sur le carter (20) de manière amovible. 2. Combustion assembly (1) according to claim 1, wherein the pre-vaporization rod (30) is mounted on the housing (20) removably.
3. Ensemble de combustion (1 ) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la canne de prévaporisation (30) comprend une paroi (31 ) s'étendant entre la virole du carter (22) et la paroi externe (12) de la chambre de combustion, ladite paroi (31 ) de la canne (30) comprenant au moins un orifice (35) d'admission d'air. 3. Combustion assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pre-vaporization rod (30) comprises a wall (31) extending between the shell of the housing (22) and the outer wall (12) of the combustion chamber, said wall (31) of the rod (30) comprising at least one orifice (35) for admission of air.
4. Ensemble de combustion (1 ) selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le conduit d'injection (42) de l'injecteur s'étend dans la canne de prévaporisation (30) au-delà du ou des orifices d'admission d'air (35), pour empêcher l'injection de carburant hors de la canne. 4. Combustion assembly (1) according to claim 3, wherein the injection duct (42) of the injector extends in the pre-vaporization rod (30) beyond the intake port or ports. air (35), to prevent the injection of fuel out of the cane.
5. Ensemble de combustion (1 ) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la canne de prévaporisation (30) débouche dans la chambre de combustion (10) par au moins un embout (33) dirigé vers la paroi de fond de chambre (13). 5. Combustion assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pre-vaporization rod (30) opens into the combustion chamber (10) by at least one endpiece (33) directed towards the bottom wall of the chamber (13).
6. Ensemble de combustion (1 ) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre une bague d'étanchéité (50), disposée entre la canne de prévaporisation (30) et un bord (140) de l'ouverture (14) de la paroi (12) de la chambre de combustion, la bague (50) étant adaptée pour assurer l'étanchéité de la chambre de combustion au niveau de ladite ouverture. 6. Combustion assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a sealing ring (50) disposed between the pre-vaporization rod (30) and an edge (140) of the opening (14). the wall (12) of the combustion chamber, the ring (50) being adapted to seal the combustion chamber at said opening.
7. Ensemble de combustion (1 ) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel la bague d'étanchéité (50) est montée avec jeu sur la paroi (12) externe de la chambre de combustion, et comprend une platine annulaire (51 ) s'étendant autour de la canne de prévaporisation (30), la canne de prévaporisation étant montée rotulante sur ladite platine annulaire (51 ). 7. Combustion assembly (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the sealing ring (50) is mounted with clearance on the wall (12) of the external combustion chamber, and comprises an annular plate (51) s' extending around the pre-vaporization rod (30), the pre-vaporization rod being rotatably mounted on said annular plate (51).
8. Turbomachine (T), comprenant un ensemble de combustion (1 ) selon l'une des revendications précédentes. 8. Turbomachine (T), comprising a combustion assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
PCT/FR2014/053043 2013-11-26 2014-11-26 Combustion assembly having facilitated access to the prevaporization tubes WO2015079166A1 (en)

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FR1361653A FR3013805B1 (en) 2013-11-26 2013-11-26 COMBUSTION ASSEMBLY WITH ACCESS FACILITATES PREVAPORIZATION RODS.

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WO2020239702A1 (en) 2019-05-28 2020-12-03 Safran Helicopter Engines Pre-vaporizing pipe, combustion assembly provided therewith and turbomachine provided therewith

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FR3068113B1 (en) 2017-06-27 2019-08-23 Safran Helicopter Engines FLAT JET FUEL INJECTOR FOR AN AIRCRAFT TURBOMACHINE
FR3087250B1 (en) 2018-10-11 2020-09-25 Safran Helicopter Engines MONOBLOC FLAT JET FUEL INJECTOR FOR AN AIRCRAFT TURBOMACHINE AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS
FR3099231B1 (en) 2019-07-24 2022-08-12 Safran Helicopter Engines PURGE CIRCUIT FUEL INJECTOR FOR AN AIRCRAFT TURBOMACHINE
FR3101696B1 (en) 2019-10-08 2021-10-29 Safran Helicopter Engines PREVAPORIZATION ROD FOR A TURBOMACHINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER

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FR3067792A1 (en) * 2017-06-16 2018-12-21 Safran Helicopter Engines FLAT JET FUEL INJECTOR FOR AN AIRCRAFT TURBOMACHINE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
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