WO2015076169A1 - ポリビニルアルコールフィルム - Google Patents
ポリビニルアルコールフィルム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015076169A1 WO2015076169A1 PCT/JP2014/080018 JP2014080018W WO2015076169A1 WO 2015076169 A1 WO2015076169 A1 WO 2015076169A1 JP 2014080018 W JP2014080018 W JP 2014080018W WO 2015076169 A1 WO2015076169 A1 WO 2015076169A1
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- pva
- polyvinyl alcohol
- pva film
- polarizing film
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol film capable of easily producing a polarizing film excellent in hue, a manufacturing method thereof, a manufacturing method of a polarizing film using the same, and a polarizing film excellent in hue.
- a polarizing plate having a light transmission and shielding function is a basic component of a liquid crystal display (LCD) together with a liquid crystal that changes a polarization state of light.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- Many polarizing plates have a structure in which a protective film such as a cellulose triacetate (TAC) film is bonded to the surface of a polarizing film.
- TAC cellulose triacetate
- a polarizing film constituting the polarizing plate a polyvinyl alcohol film (hereinafter referred to as “polyvinyl alcohol”).
- a polarizing film can be obtained by uniaxially stretching a PVA film preliminarily containing a dichroic dye, adsorbing a dichroic dye simultaneously with uniaxial stretching of the PVA film, or dichroic after uniaxially stretching the PVA film. It is manufactured by adsorbing a dye or the like (see Patent Document 1).
- LCDs are used in a wide range of devices such as small devices such as calculators and wrist watches, notebook computers, liquid crystal monitors, liquid crystal color projectors, liquid crystal televisions, in-vehicle navigation systems, mobile phones, and measuring devices used indoors and outdoors. .
- the present invention provides a polarizing film that can produce an LCD that is excellent in hue and excellent in hue without using an optical film having low transmittance, and that can produce a bright LCD, and the polarizing film It aims at providing the PVA film which can manufacture easily.
- the inventors of the present invention are excellent in hue when using a PVA film in which the stress after stretching in water shows a specific aging behavior, It is possible to easily produce a polarizing film capable of producing a bright LCD without using a low-transmittance optical film and having a bright screen; the degree of saponification and the degree of swelling are in a specific range.
- the LCD When the PVA film is heat-treated under specific conditions, the above PVA film is easily produced; and b value when arranged in a parallel Nicol state with respect to linearly polarized light and b when arranged in a crossed Nicol state According to the polarizing film satisfying a specific relationship with the value, the LCD itself has an excellent hue, and an LCD having an excellent hue can be produced without using an optical film having a low transmittance. It can, moreover found that it is possible to produce a bright LCD of the screen, and completed the present invention by further extensive studies based on the findings.
- the present invention [1] A PVA film having a minimum slope of ⁇ 0.84 to ⁇ 0.783 N / mm 2 ⁇ sec.
- a sample of 3 cm in the width direction cut out from the PVA film was set in an autograph so as to be stretched in the length direction with a distance between chucks of 1.5 cm, immersed in water at 30 ° C. for 1 minute, and then 240% / Stretched in the length direction at a speed of minutes, the distance between chucks was fixed when the stress reached 11.1 N / mm 2 , and the subsequent stress change over time was plotted with time on the horizontal axis and stress on the vertical axis. The minimum value of the slope at each point on the graph.
- a polarizing film capable of producing an LCD excellent in hue and excellent in hue without using an optical film having low transmittance, and capable of producing an LCD having a bright screen, and a method for producing the same, And the PVA film which can manufacture the said polarizing film easily, and its manufacturing method are provided.
- PVA film The minimum value of the slope of the PVA film of the present invention is -0.84 to -0.783 N / mm 2 ⁇ sec.
- a sample of 3 cm in the width direction cut out from the PVA film was set in an autograph so as to be stretched in the length direction with a distance between chucks of 1.5 cm, immersed in water at 30 ° C.
- the minimum value of the inclination is out of the above range, the hue of the obtained polarizing film is lowered.
- the reason why the minimum value of the inclination and the hue of the obtained polarizing film are related can be considered as follows. That is, the minimum value of the slope is related to the microscopic behavior of the PVA molecules in the stretching process when the polarizing film is actually produced using the PVA film. This is considered to affect the state of the dichroic dye such as a system dye.
- the minimum value of the inclination is preferably at least -0.825N / mm 2 ⁇ sec, more preferably at -0.815N / mm 2 ⁇ sec or more, - still more preferably 0.8N / mm 2 ⁇ sec or more, and is preferably from -0.786N / mm 2 ⁇ sec, more preferably at most -0.79N / mm 2 ⁇ sec More preferably, it is ⁇ 0.793 N / mm 2 ⁇ sec or less.
- vinyl esters vinyl acetate is preferable from the viewpoints of ease of production of PVA, availability, cost, and the like.
- the polyvinyl ester is preferably obtained by using only one or two or more types of vinyl ester as a monomer. It may be a copolymer of two or more kinds of vinyl esters and other monomers copolymerizable therewith.
- Examples of the other monomer copolymerizable with the vinyl ester include ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 30 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and isobutene; (meth) acrylic acid or a salt thereof; (Meth) methyl acrylate, (meth) ethyl acrylate, (meth) acrylate n-propyl, (meth) acrylate i-propyl, (meth) acrylate n-butyl, (meth) acrylate i-butyl, ( (Meth) acrylic acid esters such as t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, octadecyl (meth) acrylate; (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl ( (Meth) acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth) acrylamide, N,
- Vinyl ether vinyl cyanide such as (meth) acrylonitrile
- vinyl halide such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride
- Allyl compounds such as allyl acetate and allyl chloride; maleic acid or its salts, esters or acid anhydrides; itaconic acid or its salts, esters or acid anhydrides
- vinylsilyl compounds such as vinyltrimethoxysilane; unsaturated sulfonic acids be able to.
- Said polyvinyl ester can have a structural unit derived from 1 type, or 2 or more types of an above described other monomer.
- the proportion of structural units derived from the other monomers described above in the polyvinyl ester is preferably 15 mol% or less based on the number of moles of all structural units constituting the polyvinyl ester, and is preferably 10 mol%. Hereinafter, it may be 5 mol% or less.
- the other monomer described above is a monomer that may promote the water solubility of the obtained PVA, such as (meth) acrylic acid or unsaturated sulfonic acid
- the proportion of structural units derived from these monomers in the polyvinyl ester is 5 mol% or less based on the number of moles of all structural units constituting the polyvinyl ester. It is preferable that it is 3 mol% or less.
- the PVA may be modified with one or two or more types of graft copolymerizable monomers as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- examples of the graft copolymerizable monomer include unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof; unsaturated sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof; ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and the like.
- the proportion of structural units derived from the graft copolymerizable monomer in PVA (structural units in the graft modified portion) is preferably 5 mol% or less based on the number of moles of all structural units constituting PVA. .
- PVA may have some of its hydroxyl groups crosslinked or uncrosslinked. Moreover, said PVA may react with aldehyde compounds, such as acetaldehyde and a butyraldehyde, etc. to form an acetal structure, and the said PVA does not react with these compounds and does not form an acetal structure. May be.
- aldehyde compounds such as acetaldehyde and a butyraldehyde, etc.
- the average degree of polymerization of PVA is preferably in the range of 1,000 to 9,500, the average degree of polymerization is more preferably 1,500 or more, further preferably 2,000 or more, Moreover, it is more preferable that it is 9,200 or less, and it is further more preferable that it is 6,000 or less.
- the average degree of polymerization is 1,000 or more, the polarizing performance of the polarizing film is improved.
- the productivity of PVA is improved.
- the average degree of polymerization of PVA can be measured according to the description of JIS K6726-1994.
- the saponification degree of PVA is preferably in the range of 98 to 99.5 mol%, the saponification degree is more preferably 98.3 mol% or more, and further preferably 98.6 mol% or more. Preferably, it is 98.7 mol% or more, more preferably 99.3 mol% or less, further preferably 99.1 mol% or less, and less than 99 mol%. Is particularly preferred. If the degree of saponification of PVA is within the above range, the reason is not necessarily clear, but the LCD itself is excellent in hue and excellent in hue without using an optical film with low transmittance, It has been found that a polarizing film capable of producing a bright LCD can be produced more easily.
- the degree of saponification of PVA refers to the total number of moles of structural units (typically vinyl ester units) that can be converted into vinyl alcohol units by saponification and the vinyl alcohol units of PVA.
- the degree of saponification can be measured according to the description of JIS K6726-1994.
- the PVA film preferably contains a plasticizer from the viewpoint of improving stretchability when it is stretched.
- the plasticizer include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, diglycerin, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and trimethylol propane.
- One or more of the agents can be included. Among these, glycerin is preferable from the viewpoint of the effect of improving stretchability.
- the content of the plasticizer in the PVA film is preferably in the range of 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA contained therein. When the content is 1 part by mass or more, the stretchability of the PVA film can be further improved. On the other hand, when the content is 20 parts by mass or less, it is possible to prevent the PVA film from becoming too flexible and handling properties from being lowered.
- the content of the plasticizer in the PVA film is more preferably 2 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA, further preferably 4 parts by mass or more, particularly preferably 5 parts by mass or more, The amount is more preferably 15 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 12 parts by mass or less.
- the PVA film may further contain components such as an antioxidant, an antifreezing agent, a pH adjuster, a hiding agent, a coloring inhibitor, an oil agent, and a surfactant as necessary.
- the content of PVA in the PVA film is preferably in the range of 50 to 99% by mass in view of ease of preparation of the desired polarizing film, and the content is preferably 75% by mass or more. More preferably, it is more preferably 80% by mass or more, particularly preferably 85% by mass or more, more preferably 98% by mass or less, further preferably 96% by mass or less, 95 It is particularly preferable that the content is not more than mass%.
- the thickness of the PVA film of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set according to the thickness of the target polarizing film.
- the specific thickness can be, for example, in the range of 2 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 5 to 65 ⁇ m, or in the range of 8 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the shape of the PVA film is not particularly limited, but is preferably a long PVA film because it can be used continuously when manufacturing a polarizing film.
- the length (length in the length direction) of the long PVA film is not particularly limited, and can be set as appropriate according to the use of the polarizing film to be produced. For example, the length is in the range of 1 to 20,000 m. It can be.
- the width of the PVA film is not particularly limited and can be appropriately set according to the use of the polarizing film to be produced.
- the width can be 0.1 m or more. From the point of progress of conversion, it is suitable for these uses when the width of the PVA film is 0.5 m or more, more preferably 1.0 m or more.
- the width of the PVA film is 7 m or less. Is preferred.
- the degree of swelling of the PVA film of the present invention is preferably in the range of 180 to 220% from the viewpoint of productivity and performance of the polarizing film, and the degree of swelling is more preferably 185% or more, and 190 % Or more, more preferably 195% or more, more preferably 215% or less, further preferably 210% or less, and particularly preferably 205% or less. .
- the degree of swelling of the PVA film can be measured by the method described later in the examples.
- the degree of swelling of the PVA film can be adjusted to a smaller value by, for example, increasing the heat treatment conditions.
- the method for producing a PVA film of the present invention uses a PVA film containing a PVA having a saponification degree of 98 to 99.5 mol% and a swelling degree of 250% or more, which is in the range of 135 to 148 ° C. Including a step of heat treatment at a temperature.
- the PVA used can be the same as that described above in the description of the PVA film of the present invention, redundant description is omitted here.
- the plasticizer and other components that can be included as optional components in the PVA film used, and the shape such as thickness, etc. shall be the same as those described above in the description of the PVA film of the present invention. Therefore, redundant description is omitted here.
- film formation can be performed using a film-forming stock solution in which PVA is dissolved in a liquid medium, or a film-forming stock solution in which PVA and a liquid medium are included and PVA is melted.
- liquid medium used for preparing the membrane forming stock solution examples include water, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, Trimethylolpropane, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and the like can be mentioned, and one or more of these can be used.
- water is preferably used from the viewpoint of environmental load and recoverability.
- the volatile fraction of the film-forming stock solution (content ratio of a volatile component such as a liquid medium removed by volatilization or evaporation during film formation) varies depending on the film-forming method, film-forming conditions, etc., but generally 50 The content is preferably -95% by mass, more preferably 55-90% by mass, particularly preferably 60-85% by mass. If the volatile fraction of the film-forming stock solution is too low, the viscosity of the film-forming stock solution becomes too high, making filtration and defoaming difficult when preparing the film-forming stock solution, making it difficult to produce a PVA film with few foreign matters and defects. Tend. On the other hand, when the volatile fraction of the film-forming stock solution is too high, the concentration of the film-forming stock solution becomes too low, and industrial PVA film tends to be difficult to form.
- a film forming method for forming a PVA film to be subjected to heat treatment for example, a wet film forming method, a gel film forming method, a casting film forming method, an extrusion film forming method, or the like can be employed. A method based on a combination of these can also be employed.
- the casting film forming method or the extrusion film forming method is preferably employed because a PVA film having a uniform thickness and width and good physical properties can be obtained.
- a T-type slit die, hopper plate, I-die, lip coater die, etc. are used to uniformly discharge the film forming stock solution onto the peripheral surface of a heated roll (or belt) that rotates. Then, volatile components are evaporated from one surface of the film discharged onto the roll (or belt) and dried to form a PVA film, or one or more after being dried in this way
- a method of forming a PVA film by further drying on the peripheral surface of a heated heated roll or by passing it through a hot air drying apparatus.
- the PVA film after film formation may be subjected to a heat treatment to be described later by unwinding it as necessary after being once wound by a winding device. However, the PVA film continuously formed as described above may be used. Alternatively, the film may be wound after the heat treatment described below is continuously performed.
- the surface temperature of the roll used for film formation can be set to 50 to 100 ° C., for example. Further, the drying temperature when the film-forming stock solution is discharged onto the belt can be set to 50 to 100 ° C., for example.
- the degree of swelling of the PVA film subjected to the heat treatment is preferably 300% or more, more preferably 400% or more, since the PVA film of the present invention can be more easily produced. , Preferably not more than 1,000%.
- the volatile fraction of the PVA film subjected to the heat treatment can be, for example, 10% by mass or less, and further 8% by mass or less.
- the temperature in the heat treatment is preferably 137 ° C. or higher, more preferably 139 ° C. or higher, further preferably higher than 140 ° C., because the PVA film of the present invention can be produced more easily. It is preferable that it is 145 degrees C or less.
- the application of the PVA film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but according to the PVA film of the present invention, an LCD having excellent hue itself and excellent hue without using an optical film having low transmittance is manufactured.
- a polarizing film capable of producing an LCD with a bright screen it is preferably used as a raw film for producing a polarizing film.
- a PVA film By subjecting to a swelling step, then subjecting to a dyeing step, further subjecting to a crosslinking step if necessary, then subjecting to a stretching step, subjecting to a fixing treatment step and / or washing step as necessary, and to a drying step Can be manufactured.
- the swelling step can be performed by immersing the PVA film in water.
- the temperature of the water when immersed in water is preferably within a range of 20 to 40 ° C., more preferably 22 ° C. or higher, further preferably 25 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature is more preferably 38 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 35 ° C. or lower.
- the time for immersion in water is preferably within a range of 0.1 to 5 minutes, and more preferably within a range of 0.5 to 3 minutes. By making it within the range of 0.1 to 5 minutes, the PVA film can be efficiently swollen.
- the water at the time of immersing in water is not limited to pure water, The aqueous solution in which various components melt
- staining process in a dyeing process can be performed by immersing a PVA film in the aqueous solution containing a dichroic dye.
- a dichroic dye iodine based dye (I 3 - and I 5 -, etc.), and the like dichroic organic dyes.
- the iodine dye can be obtained, for example, by bringing iodine (I 2 ) into contact with potassium iodide.
- dichroic organic dye examples include direct black 17, 19, 154; direct brown 44, 106, 195, 210, 223; direct red 2, 23, 28, 31, 37, 39, 79, 81, 240, 242, 247; Direct Blue 1, 15, 22, 78, 90, 98, 151, 168, 202, 236, 249, 270; Direct Violet 9, 12, 51, 98; Direct Green 1, 85; Direct Yellow 8, 12, 44, 86, 87; Direct Orange 26, 39, 106, 107 and the like.
- dichroic dyes iodine-based dyes are preferable from the viewpoints of handleability, availability, and polarization performance.
- the dichroic dye may either be two or more even alone, for example, I 3 - may be a balanced mixture as - and I 5.
- the concentration of the dichroic dye in the aqueous solution containing the dichroic dye can be appropriately set according to the type of the dichroic dye to be used, for example, within the range of 0.001 to 1% by mass.
- iodine-based dye can be efficiently adsorbed on the PVA film, so that the concentration of iodine (I 2 ) used is Is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 2% by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.02 to 0.5% by mass, and the concentration of potassium iodide (KI) used is
- the ratio of the mass of potassium iodide used relative to the mass of iodine used is preferably within the range of 10 to 200 times by mass, and within the range of 15 to 150 times by mass.
- the aqueous solution containing the dichroic dye may contain a boron compound such as boric acid such as boric acid or borax.
- the temperature of the aqueous solution containing the dichroic dye is preferably in the range of 5 to 50 ° C., preferably in the range of 15 to 40 ° C., because the dichroic dye can be efficiently adsorbed to the PVA film. It is more preferable.
- staining process can be abbreviate
- the crosslinking step is preferably performed after the dyeing step and before the stretching step.
- the crosslinking step can be performed by immersing the PVA film in an aqueous solution containing a crosslinking agent as a crosslinking bath.
- a crosslinking agent one or more of boron compounds such as boric acid and borate such as borax can be used.
- the concentration of the crosslinking agent in the crosslinking bath is preferably in the range of 1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 2% by mass or more, more preferably 7% by mass or less, and 6% by mass or less. More preferably. Sufficient stretchability can be maintained when the concentration of the crosslinking agent is in the range of 1 to 15% by mass.
- the crosslinking bath may contain an auxiliary agent such as potassium iodide.
- the temperature of the crosslinking bath is preferably in the range of 20 to 50 ° C., particularly preferably in the range of 25 to 40 ° C. By setting the temperature within the range of 20 to 50 ° C., crosslinking can be performed efficiently.
- the wet stretching method is preferable from the viewpoint of the uniformity of the thickness in the width direction of the obtained polarizing film, and it is more preferable to stretch in a boric acid aqueous solution.
- the concentration of boric acid in the boric acid aqueous solution is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 6.0 mass%, more preferably 1.0 mass% or more, and 1.5 mass% More preferably, it is more preferably 5.0% by mass or less, and further preferably 4.0% by mass or less.
- the boric acid concentration is in the range of 0.5 to 6.0% by mass, a polarizing film having excellent thickness uniformity in the width direction can be obtained.
- the aqueous solution containing the boron compound may contain potassium iodide, and its concentration is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10% by mass.
- concentration of potassium iodide is in the range of 0.01 to 10% by mass, a polarizing film with better polarizing performance can be obtained.
- the temperature at which the PVA film is stretched is preferably in the range of 5 to 90 ° C., more preferably 10 ° C. or more, and more preferably 80 ° C. or less. More preferably, it is not higher than ° C.
- a polarizing film having excellent thickness uniformity in the width direction can be obtained.
- the stretching ratio at the time of stretching the PVA film is preferably 4 times or more, more preferably 5 times or more, and further preferably 6 times or more.
- the upper limit of the draw ratio of the PVA film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 8 times or less. Stretching of the PVA film may be performed at one time or divided into a plurality of times, but when performed in a plurality of times, the total stretching ratio obtained by multiplying the stretching ratio of each stretching is within the above range. I just need it.
- the draw ratio in this specification is based on the length of the PVA film before extending
- the stretching of the PVA film is preferably uniaxial stretching from the viewpoint of the performance of the obtained polarizing film.
- There is no particular limitation on the direction of uniaxial stretching in stretching a PVA film and uniaxial stretching or lateral uniaxial stretching in the length direction can be adopted.
- the length direction Uniaxial stretching is preferred. Uniaxial stretching in the length direction can be performed by changing the peripheral speed between the rolls using a stretching apparatus including a plurality of rolls parallel to each other.
- lateral uniaxial stretching can be performed using a tenter type stretching machine.
- the fixing treatment step is mainly performed in order to strengthen the adsorption of the iodine-based pigment to the PVA film.
- the fixing treatment step can be performed by immersing the PVA film before stretching, during stretching or after stretching in a fixing treatment bath.
- a fixing treatment bath an aqueous solution containing one or more of boron compounds such as boric acid such as boric acid and borax can be used.
- the concentration of the boron compound in the aqueous solution containing the boron compound used as the fixing treatment bath is generally within the range of 0.1 to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably within the range of 1 to 10% by mass.
- the concentration of the iodine-based dye can be further strengthened.
- the temperature of the fixing treatment bath is preferably in the range of 10 to 60 ° C, particularly preferably in the range of 15 to 40 ° C. By setting the temperature within the range of 10 to 60 ° C., it is possible to further strengthen the adsorption of the iodine dye.
- the cleaning process is often performed to remove unnecessary chemicals and foreign matters on the film surface and to adjust the optical performance of the finally obtained polarizing film.
- the cleaning step can be performed by immersing the PVA film in a cleaning bath or by spraying a cleaning liquid on the PVA film. Water can be used as the washing bath or the washing liquid, and potassium iodide may be contained therein.
- the drying conditions in the drying step are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to perform the drying at a temperature within the range of 30 to 150 ° C, particularly within the range of 50 to 130 ° C.
- a polarizing film excellent in dimensional stability can be easily obtained by drying at a temperature in the range of 30 to 150 ° C.
- said X and Y can be calculated
- a spectrophotometer for example, "V7100” etc. by JASCO Corporation
- the above Y depends on the use form of the polarizing film, but preferably satisfies the following formula (II), more preferably satisfies the following formula (II ′), and the following formula (II ′′): It is more preferable to satisfy. 5 ⁇ Y ⁇ ⁇ 5 (II) 3.5 ⁇ Y ⁇ ⁇ 3.5 (II ') 3 ⁇ Y ⁇ ⁇ 3 (II ”)
- the polarizing film is usually used as a polarizing plate by attaching a protective film on both sides or one side.
- the protective film include those that are optically transparent and have mechanical strength. Specifically, for example, cellulose triacetate (TAC) film, acetic acid / cellulose butyrate (CAB) film, acrylic film, and polyester film.
- TAC cellulose triacetate
- CAB acetic acid / cellulose butyrate
- acrylic film acrylic film
- polyester film polyester film.
- a film or the like can be used.
- examples of the adhesive for bonding include a PVA adhesive and a urethane adhesive, and a PVA adhesive is preferable.
- Example 1 100 parts by mass of PVA (saponified product of vinyl acetate homopolymer, degree of polymerization 2,400, degree of saponification 98.9 mol%), 10 parts by mass of glycerin as a plasticizer, sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate as a surfactant 0
- a film-forming stock solution consisting of 1 part by mass and water and having a volatile content of 85% by mass is cast on a metal drum at 80 ° C. and dried until the volatile content (water content) becomes 5% by mass.
- a long PVA film having a thickness of 1.5 m and a width of 30 cm (PVA film before heat treatment) was used. The degree of swelling of this PVA film was 480%.
- This PVA film was heat-treated at a temperature of 142 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the minimum value of the inclination of the obtained PVA film was ⁇ 0.796 N / mm 2 ⁇ sec, the degree of swelling was 200%, and the thickness was 30 ⁇ m.
- a polarizing film was produced by performing a swelling process, a dyeing process, a crosslinking process, a stretching process, a fixing process process, and a drying process on the PVA film (PVA film after heat treatment). That is, after the above PVA film is immersed in water at a temperature of 30 ° C. for 1 minute, it is uniaxially stretched (MD) in the length direction (MD) twice as long as the original length, and then used. As long as it is immersed in a dyeing bath at a temperature of 30 ° C.
- Example 2 A PVA film and a polarizing film were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature in the heat treatment was changed from 142 ° C. to 138 ° C., and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The above results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 A PVA film and a polarizing film were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PVA having a saponification degree of 99.9 mol% was used, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The above results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 2 A PVA film and a polarizing film were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the temperature in the heat treatment was changed from 142 ° C. to 125 ° C., and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The above results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 A PVA film and a polarizing film were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature in the heat treatment was changed from 142 ° C. to 133 ° C., and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The above results are shown in Table 1.
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Abstract
Description
[1]以下の傾きの最小値が-0.84~-0.783N/mm2・秒であるPVAフィルム;
PVAフィルムから切り出した幅方向3cmのサンプルをチャック間距離1.5cmで長さ方向に延伸されるようにオートグラフにセットし、30℃の水中に1分間浸漬した後、当該水中で240%/分の速度で長さ方向に延伸し、応力が11.1N/mm2になった時点でチャック間距離を固定し、その後の応力の経時変化を、時間を横軸に、応力を縦軸にしてグラフにした際の、当該グラフ上の各点における傾きの最小値。
[2]PVAフィルムに含まれるPVAのけん化度が98~99.5モル%である、上記[1]のPVAフィルム;
[3]膨潤度が180~220%である、上記[1]または[2]のPVAフィルム;
[4]偏光フィルム製造用の原反フィルムである、上記[1]~[3]のいずれか1つのPVAフィルム;
[5]けん化度が98~99.5モル%のPVAを含み、膨潤度が250%以上のPVAフィルムを、135~148℃で熱処理する工程を含む、PVAフィルムの製造方法;
[6]0.5分以上熱処理する、上記[5]の製造方法;
[7]膨潤度が180~220%のPVAフィルムの製造方法である、上記[5]または[6]の製造方法;
[8]上記[4]のPVAフィルムを延伸する工程を含む、偏光フィルムの製造方法;
[9]直線偏光に対してパラレルニコル状態に配置した際のb値をXとし、クロスニコル状態に配置した際のb値をYとした際に、以下の式(I)を満たす偏光フィルム;
Y≧1.9X-8.3 (I)
[10]以下の式(II)を満たす、上記[9]の偏光フィルム;
5≧Y≧-5 (II)
に関する。
(PVAフィルム)
本発明のPVAフィルムは、以下の傾きの最小値が-0.84~-0.783N/mm2・秒である。
PVAフィルムから切り出した幅方向3cmのサンプルをチャック間距離1.5cmで長さ方向に延伸されるようにオートグラフにセットし、30℃の水中に1分間浸漬した後、当該水中で240%/分の速度で長さ方向に延伸し、応力が11.1N/mm2になった時点でチャック間距離を固定し、その後の応力の経時変化を、時間(単位:秒)を横軸に、応力(単位:N/mm2)を縦軸にしてグラフにした際の、当該グラフ上の各点における傾き(接線の傾き)の最小値。
なお、応力は各時点での張力(単位:N)を当初のサンプルの断面積(3cm×PVAフィルムの厚み)(単位:mm2)で除すことにより得られる。
得られる偏光フィルムの色相の観点から、当該傾きの最小値は-0.825N/mm2・秒以上であることが好ましく、-0.815N/mm2・秒以上であることがより好ましく、-0.8N/mm2・秒以上であることがさらに好ましく、また、-0.786N/mm2・秒以下であることが好ましく、-0.79N/mm2・秒以下であることがより好ましく、-0.793N/mm2・秒以下であることがさらに好ましい。
特に前記した他の単量体が、(メタ)アクリル酸、不飽和スルホン酸などのように、得られるPVAの水溶性を促進する可能性のある単量体である場合には、偏光フィルムの製造過程においてPVAが溶解するのを防止するために、ポリビニルエステルにおけるこれらの単量体に由来する構造単位の割合は、ポリビニルエステルを構成する全構造単位のモル数に基づいて、5モル%以下であることが好ましく、3モル%以下であることがより好ましい。
なお、偏光フィルムの製造条件などにもよるが、PVAフィルムに含まれる可塑剤は偏光フィルムを製造する際に溶出するなどするため、その全量が偏光フィルムに残存するとは限らない。
本発明のPVAフィルムを製造するための方法に特に制限はないが、以下に記載する本発明のPVAフィルムの製造方法によれば、本発明のPVAフィルムを容易に製造することができることから好ましい。すなわち、本発明のPVAフィルムの製造方法は、けん化度が98~99.5モル%のPVAを含み、膨潤度が250%以上のPVAフィルムを用いて、これを135~148℃の範囲内の温度で熱処理する工程を含む。
本発明のPVAフィルムの用途に特に制限はないが、本発明のPVAフィルムによれば、それ自体が色相に優れていて、透過度の低い光学フィルムを用いなくても色相に優れたLCDを製造でき、しかも画面の明るいLCDを製造できる偏光フィルムを容易に製造することができることから、偏光フィルム製造用の原反フィルムとして用いることが好ましい。
上記の偏光フィルムの製造方法によれば、直線偏光に対してパラレルニコル状態に配置した際のb値をXとし、クロスニコル状態に配置した際のb値をYとした際に、以下の式(I)を満たす偏光フィルムが得られ、当該偏光フィルムはそれ自体が色相に優れていて、透過度の低い光学フィルムを用いなくても色相に優れたLCDを製造することができ、しかも画面の明るいLCDを製造することができる。
Y≧1.9X-8.3 (I)
上記のXおよびYは以下の式(I’)を満たすことが好ましく、以下の式(I”)を満たすことがより好ましい。
Y≧1.9X-8 (I’)
Y≧1.9X-7.5 (I”)
なお、上記のXおよびYは分光光度計(例えば日本分光株式会社製「V7100」等)を用いて求めることができ、具体的には実施例において後述する方法により求めることができる。
5≧Y≧-5 (II)
3.5≧Y≧-3.5 (II’)
3≧Y≧-3 (II”)
偏光フィルムは、通常、その両面または片面に保護膜を貼り合わせて偏光板にして使用される。保護膜としては、光学的に透明でかつ機械的強度を有するものが挙げられ、具体的には例えば、三酢酸セルロース(TAC)フィルム、酢酸・酪酸セルロース(CAB)フィルム、アクリル系フィルム、ポリエステル系フィルムなどを使用することができる。また、貼り合わせのための接着剤としては、PVA系接着剤やウレタン系接着剤などを挙げることができるが、PVA系接着剤が好適である。
なお、以下の実施例および比較例において採用された、PVAフィルムを水中で延伸した後の応力の経時変化挙動(傾きの最小値)、PVAフィルムの膨潤度、および、パラレルニコル状態およびクロスニコル状態に配置した際の偏光フィルムのb値(XおよびY)の各測定方法を以下に示す。
以下の実施例または比較例で得られた熱処理後のPVAフィルムの幅方向中央部から幅方向3cm×長さ方向5.5cmの長方形のサンプルを切り出し、これをチャック間距離が1.5cmで長さ方向に延伸されるようにオートグラフ(島津製作所製「AG-I」)にセットし、30℃の水(純水)中に1分間浸漬した後、当該水中で240%/分の速度で長さ方向に延伸し、応力が11.1N/mm2になった時点でチャック間距離を固定し、その後の応力の経時変化を測定した。得られたデータを、時間(単位:秒)を横軸に、応力(単位:N/mm2)を縦軸にしたグラフにし、当該グラフ上の各点における傾き(接線の傾き)のうちの最小値を求めた。
測定対象となるPVAフィルムから幅方向に10cm、長さ方向に20cmの長方形のサンプルを切り出し、このサンプルをさらに幅が2~3mm、長さが20cmの短冊状にカットした。その後、これらの短冊状のサンプル全てを30℃の1,000gの蒸留水中にそのまま浸漬した。30分間浸漬後に短冊状のサンプルを取り出し、遠心分離機(KOKUSAN XEM-KL-5886)を用いて3,000rpmで5分間遠心脱水し、脱水後の質量「N」(短冊状のサンプル全ての合計)を測定した。続いて、その短冊状のサンプルを105℃の乾燥機で16時間乾燥した後、質量「M」(短冊状のサンプル全ての合計)を測定し、以下の式(III)により膨潤度を算出した。なお同様の測定を3回行い、その平均値を採用した。
膨潤度(%) = 100 × N/M (III)
以下の実施例または比較例で得られた偏光フィルムの幅方向の中央部から、偏光フィルムの長さ方向に4cmの長方形のサンプルを採取し、積分球付き分光光度計(日本分光株式会社製「V7100」)を用いて、このサンプルを当該分光光度計の偏光板に対してパラレルニコル状態に設置してb値を求め、この値をXとした。次に、上記のサンプルを当該分光光度計の偏光板に対してクロスニコル状態に設置してb値を求め、この値をYとした。なお、b値の測定においては、JIS Z 8722(物体色の測定方法)に準拠し、C光源、2°視野の可視光領域の視感度補正を行った。
PVA(酢酸ビニルの単独重合体のけん化物、重合度2,400、けん化度98.9モル%)100質量部、可塑剤としてグリセリン10質量部、界面活性剤としてポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム0.1質量部および水からなる揮発分率85質量%の製膜原液を80℃の金属ドラムに流延し、揮発分率(含水率)が5質量%になるまで乾燥して厚み30μm、長さ1.5m、幅30cmの長尺のPVAフィルム(熱処理前のPVAフィルム)とした。このPVAフィルムの膨潤度は480%であった。
すなわち、上記のPVAフィルムを、温度30℃の水中に1分間浸漬している間に元の長さの2倍に長さ方向(MD)に一軸延伸(1段目延伸)した後、使用量としてヨウ素を0.02質量%およびヨウ化カリウムを0.6質量%の濃度で水に混合してなる温度30℃の染色浴に2分間浸漬している間に元の長さの3倍まで長さ方向(MD)に一軸延伸(2段目延伸)し、次いでホウ酸を2.5質量%の濃度で含有する温度32℃の架橋浴に2分間浸漬している間に元の長さの3.6倍まで長さ方向(MD)に一軸延伸(3段目延伸)し、さらにホウ酸を2.8質量%およびヨウ化カリウムを5質量%の濃度で含有する温度57℃のホウ酸/ヨウ化カリウム水溶液中に浸漬している間に元の長さの6.2倍まで長さ方向(MD)に一軸延伸(4段目延伸)し、その後、ホウ酸を1.5質量%およびヨウ化カリウムを5質量%の濃度で含有する温度22℃のヨウ化カリウム水溶液中に5秒間浸漬することによりフィルムを洗浄し、続いて60℃の乾燥機で240秒間乾燥することにより、厚み12μmの偏光フィルムを製造した。得られた偏光フィルムを用いて、上記した方法により、XおよびYを求めた。
以上の結果を表1に示した。
熱処理における温度を142℃から138℃に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてPVAフィルムおよび偏光フィルムを製造し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。
以上の結果を表1に示した。
けん化度が99.9モル%のPVAを使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてPVAフィルムおよび偏光フィルムを製造し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。
以上の結果を表1に示した。
熱処理における温度を142℃から125℃に変更したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にしてPVAフィルムおよび偏光フィルムを製造し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。
以上の結果を表1に示した。
熱処理における温度を142℃から133℃に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてPVAフィルムおよび偏光フィルムを製造し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。
以上の結果を表1に示した。
Claims (10)
- 以下の傾きの最小値が-0.84~-0.783N/mm2・秒であるポリビニルアルコールフィルム。
ポリビニルアルコールフィルムから切り出した幅方向3cmのサンプルをチャック間距離1.5cmで長さ方向に延伸されるようにオートグラフにセットし、30℃の水中に1分間浸漬した後、当該水中で240%/分の速度で長さ方向に延伸し、応力が11.1N/mm2になった時点でチャック間距離を固定し、その後の応力の経時変化を、時間を横軸に、応力を縦軸にしてグラフにした際の、当該グラフ上の各点における傾きの最小値。 - ポリビニルアルコールフィルムに含まれるポリビニルアルコールのけん化度が98~99.5モル%である、請求項1に記載のポリビニルアルコールフィルム。
- 膨潤度が180~220%である、請求項1または2に記載のポリビニルアルコールフィルム。
- 偏光フィルム製造用の原反フィルムである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のポリビニルアルコールフィルム。
- けん化度が98~99.5モル%のポリビニルアルコールを含み、膨潤度が250%以上のポリビニルアルコールフィルムを、135~148℃で熱処理する工程を含む、ポリビニルアルコールフィルムの製造方法。
- 0.5分以上熱処理する、請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 膨潤度が180~220%のポリビニルアルコールフィルムの製造方法である、請求項5または6に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項4に記載のポリビニルアルコールフィルムを延伸する工程を含む、偏光フィルムの製造方法。
- 直線偏光に対してパラレルニコル状態に配置した際のb値をXとし、クロスニコル状態に配置した際のb値をYとした際に、以下の式(I)を満たす偏光フィルム。
Y≧1.9X-8.3 (I) - 以下の式(II)を満たす、請求項9に記載の偏光フィルム。
5≧Y≧-5 (II)
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JPWO2019244968A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-21 | 2021-06-24 | 株式会社クラレ | ポリビニルアルコールフィルム及びその製造方法 |
JP7301829B2 (ja) | 2018-06-21 | 2023-07-03 | 株式会社クラレ | ポリビニルアルコールフィルム及びその製造方法 |
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TWI644960B (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
CN105723259A (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
CN105723259B (zh) | 2019-05-10 |
JPWO2015076169A1 (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
KR102364529B1 (ko) | 2022-02-17 |
JP6402096B2 (ja) | 2018-10-10 |
TW201529681A (zh) | 2015-08-01 |
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