WO2015053235A1 - 含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法 - Google Patents
含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015053235A1 WO2015053235A1 PCT/JP2014/076728 JP2014076728W WO2015053235A1 WO 2015053235 A1 WO2015053235 A1 WO 2015053235A1 JP 2014076728 W JP2014076728 W JP 2014076728W WO 2015053235 A1 WO2015053235 A1 WO 2015053235A1
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- fluorine
- emulsifier
- strongly basic
- recovering
- exchange resin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
- C07C235/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C235/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C235/06—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the nitrogen atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
- B01D15/36—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving ionic interaction
- B01D15/361—Ion-exchange
- B01D15/363—Anion-exchange
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/04—Processes using organic exchangers
- B01J41/05—Processes using organic exchangers in the strongly basic form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J49/00—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor
- B01J49/05—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor of fixed beds
- B01J49/07—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor of fixed beds containing anionic exchangers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J49/00—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor
- B01J49/50—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor characterised by the regeneration reagents
- B01J49/57—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor characterised by the regeneration reagents for anionic exchangers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J49/00—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor
- B01J49/60—Cleaning or rinsing ion-exchange beds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/47—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering a fluorine-containing emulsifier.
- a method for recovering a fluorine-containing emulsifier from wastewater containing a fluorine-containing emulsifier using an anion exchange resin (hereinafter referred to as IER) is known.
- IER anion exchange resin
- the fluoropolymer in an aqueous dispersion containing a fluorine-containing polymer and a fluorine-containing emulsifier is agglomerated to form an aggregate, and the perfluoro contained in waste water after collecting the aggregate (hereinafter also referred to as aggregated waste water).
- a fluorine-containing emulsifier such as ammonium octoate (hereinafter referred to as APFO) is adsorbed on IER and recovered (see Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- the agglomerated wastewater contains SS (Suspended Solid) components such as unagglomerated fine particles of the fluoropolymer and agglomerated particles of the fluoropolymer having a small particle diameter that have passed through the filter. Therefore, when the fluorine-containing emulsifier contained in the coagulated wastewater is adsorbed to the IER, the surface of the IER is covered with the SS component, thereby causing problems such as blocking the IER packed tower and reducing the IER adsorption capacity. . When this problem occurs, the fluorine-containing emulsifier cannot be efficiently recovered from the coagulated waste water.
- SS Supended Solid
- Patent Document 4 As a method for solving this problem, the following method has been proposed (see Patent Document 4).
- a pretreatment method for coagulated wastewater in which salt is added to aggregate unaggregated PFA, mechanically separate the aggregate, and then the pH of the coagulated wastewater is adjusted to 7 or less with sulfuric acid.
- the method (1) cannot sufficiently suppress the clogging of the packed tower and the decrease in the adsorption ability of IER.
- the method (2) is not simple. Further, since the SS component is not sufficiently removed, when a large amount of coagulated wastewater is treated with IER, the packed tower of IER is blocked and the adsorption ability of IER is reduced.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for easily and efficiently recovering a fluorine-containing emulsifier from a liquid to be treated containing a fluorine-containing polymer and a fluorine-containing emulsifier.
- the method for recovering a fluorine-containing emulsifier of the present invention is a method for recovering a fluorine-containing emulsifier from a liquid to be treated containing a fluorine-containing polymer and a fluorine-containing emulsifier, and the ion exchange capacity of the liquid to be treated is 1.0 eq / L. It is the following, It is characterized by making it contact with the strongly basic IER whose water content is 60 mass% or more, and making the said fluorine-containing emulsifier adsorb
- the method for recovering a fluorinated emulsifier according to the present invention comprises adsorbing the fluorinated emulsifier on the strongly basic anion exchange resin, and then treating the fluorinated emulsifier adsorbed on the strongly basic anion exchange resin with a strongly basic anion. It is preferable to elute from the exchange resin.
- the liquid to be treated is preferably waste water after the fluoropolymer in the aqueous dispersion containing the fluoropolymer and the fluoroemulsifier is aggregated to form an aggregate and the aggregate is recovered.
- the concentration of the fluorine-containing emulsifier in the liquid to be treated is preferably 10 to 5000 ppm.
- the ratio between the strongly basic IER and the liquid to be treated is preferably 1/100 to 1/5000 (mass ratio).
- the fluorine-containing emulsifier is preferably a fluorine-containing carboxylic acid, a fluorine-containing sulfonic acid, or a salt thereof.
- the fluorine-containing carboxylic acid is preferably a perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid or a perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid having an etheric oxygen atom between carbon atoms.
- the strongly basic anion exchange resin preferably has a quaternary ammonium base in the side chain as an ion exchange group.
- the strong basic anion exchange resin preferably has an average particle size of 0.1 to 5 mm.
- the fluorine-containing emulsifier can be easily and efficiently recovered from the liquid to be treated containing the fluorine-containing polymer and the fluorine-containing emulsifier.
- IER Longly basic anion exchange resin
- IER ion exchange resin
- Counterion of strongly basic anion exchange resin (IER) means an anion that can be dissociated from a quaternary ammonium base and exchanged with an external anion.
- Fluorine-containing polymer means a polymer having fluorine atoms in the molecule.
- Fluorine-containing emulsifier means a compound having a fluorine atom in a molecule among compounds capable of emulsifying water and oil to form a stable emulsion.
- aqueous dispersion means a dispersion in which a dispersoid (fluorinated polymer) is dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium.
- aqueous dispersion medium means a medium composed of water and, if necessary, a water-soluble organic solvent.
- the method for recovering a fluorine-containing emulsifier of the present invention is a method having the following steps (a) and (b).
- Examples of the method for bringing the liquid to be treated into contact with the strongly basic IER include the following methods. (1) A method (batch method) in which a strongly basic IER is added to a liquid to be treated and stirred. (2) A method of passing the liquid to be treated through a packed tower packed with a strongly basic IER (continuous method).
- the contact time between the liquid to be treated and the strongly basic IER is preferably 10 to 240 minutes, more preferably 30 to 180 minutes, and most preferably 30 to 120 minutes. If the contact time is 10 minutes or more, the fluorine-containing emulsifier can be sufficiently recovered. If the contact time is 240 minutes or less, the fluorinated emulsifier can be efficiently recovered in a short time.
- Liquid to be treated examples include an aqueous dispersion containing a fluorinated polymer and a fluorinated emulsifier; and a flocculated waste water after the flocculated polymer is collected by agglomerating the fluorinated polymer in the aqueous dispersion. From the viewpoint that the fluorinated emulsifier can be efficiently recovered, coagulated waste water is preferred.
- aqueous dispersion an aqueous dispersion obtained by emulsion polymerization or aqueous dispersion polymerization of a fluorinated monomer and, if necessary, other monomers other than the fluorinated monomer in the presence of a fluorinated emulsifier in an aqueous dispersion medium.
- a dispersion liquid is mentioned.
- the method for aggregating the fluorine-containing polymer in the aqueous dispersion include known methods (eg, a method using an aggregating agent).
- a known method for recovering the aggregate a known method (such as filtration) may be mentioned.
- the coagulated wastewater may be subjected to a pretreatment for reducing the SS component (for example, the pretreatment described in Patent Document 4), but the pretreatment is not performed from the viewpoint of easily collecting the fluorinated emulsifier. It is preferable.
- a pretreatment for reducing the SS component for example, the pretreatment described in Patent Document 4
- the pretreatment is not performed from the viewpoint of easily collecting the fluorinated emulsifier. It is preferable.
- Fluorine-containing polymer As a fluorine-containing polymer, the polymer which has the structural unit derived from a fluorine-containing monomer and the structural unit derived from other monomers other than a fluorine-containing monomer as needed is mentioned, for example.
- PPVE perfluoroalkyl
- ethylene having 4 to 10 carbon atoms: CH 2 ⁇ CH (CF 2 ) 4 F, CH 2 ⁇ CH (CF 2 ) 6 F, and the like.
- a fluorine-containing monomer may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- Examples of other monomers include the following. Vinyl ester: vinyl acetate and the like. Vinyl ether: ethyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, etc. Monomers having a cyclic structure: norbornene, norbornadiene and the like. Allyl ether: methyl allyl ether and the like. Olefin: ethylene (hereinafter referred to as E), propylene (hereinafter referred to as P), isobutylene and the like. Another monomer may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- Fluoropolymers include PTFE, TFE / P copolymer, TFE / P / VdF copolymer, TFE / HFP copolymer, TFE / PPVE copolymer, E / TFE copolymer, VdF homopolymer, Examples thereof include TFE / HFP / VdF copolymer, VdF / HFP copolymer, and the like.
- PTFE As the fluorine-containing polymer, PTFE, TFE / P copolymer, TFE / P / VdF copolymer, TFE /, because the concentration of the fluorine-containing emulsifier in the coagulated wastewater is high and the adsorption efficiency of strong basic IER is good.
- a PPVE copolymer, an E / TFE copolymer, or a TFE / HFP copolymer is preferred, and PTFE is particularly preferred.
- Fluorine-containing emulsifier As the fluorine-containing emulsifier, an anionic fluorine-containing emulsifier is preferable, and a fluorine-containing carboxylic acid, a fluorine-containing sulfonic acid, or a salt thereof is more preferable from the viewpoint of good recovery efficiency when using a strongly basic anion exchange resin. .
- fluorinated carboxylic acid examples include perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, polyfluorocarboxylic acids having an etheric oxygen atom between carbon atoms, ⁇ -hydroperfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, ⁇ -chloroperfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, and the like.
- Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids or perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids having an etheric oxygen atom between carbon atoms are preferred from the viewpoint that a hydrophobic perfluoroalkyl group is easily adsorbed on the hydrophobic surface of a strongly basic IER.
- the polyfluorocarboxylic acid having an etheric oxygen atom between carbon atoms a perfluorocarboxylic acid in which all of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms constituting the molecular skeleton of the carboxylic acid are substituted with fluorine atoms, or More preferred is a polyfluorocarboxylic acid in which one hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom remains.
- the fluorine-containing sulfonic acid include perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid.
- the fluorine-containing emulsifier As the fluorine-containing emulsifier, a fluorine-containing emulsifier having 5 to 13 carbon atoms is preferable, and a fluorine-containing emulsifier having 6 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable from the viewpoint of excellent action and effect as an emulsifier.
- the fluorine-containing emulsifier may have a linear structure, a branched structure, or a mixture thereof. It may have an etheric oxygen atom between carbon atoms.
- the acid salt is preferably an alkali metal salt (lithium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.) or an ammonium salt, more preferably an ammonium salt or a sodium salt, because it easily dissociates in the liquid to be treated.
- Ammonium salts are particularly preferred.
- perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid examples include perfluoropentanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluoroheptanoic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluorododecanoic acid and the like.
- polyfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid having an etheric oxygen atom between carbon atoms include the following. CF 3 CF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 OCF 2 COOH, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 OCF (CF 3 ) COOH, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 OCF (CF 3 ) CF 2 OCF (CF 3 ) COOH, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 [CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O] 2 CF (CF 3 ) COOH, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 O [CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O] 3 CF (CF 3 ) COOH, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 OCF (CF 3 ) COOH, CF 3 OCF (CF 3 ) CF 2 OCF (CF 3 ) COOH, CF 3 OCF (CF 3 ) CF 2 OCF (CF 3 ) COOH, CF 3 OCF (CF 3 ) CF 2 OCF (CF 3 ) COOH, CF 3
- ⁇ -hydroperfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid examples include ⁇ -hydroperfluoroheptanoic acid, ⁇ -hydroperfluorooctanoic acid, ⁇ -hydroperfluorononanoic acid and the like.
- ⁇ -chloroperfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid examples include ⁇ -chloroperfluoroheptanoic acid, ⁇ -chloroperfluorooctanoic acid, ⁇ -chloroperfluorononanoic acid, and the like.
- perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid examples include perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorononanesulfonic acid, perfluorodecanesulfonic acid, and the like.
- an ammonium salt of a perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a carbon atom-carbon atom from the viewpoint of excellent stability of the aqueous dispersion during production of an aqueous dispersion containing a fluorinated polymer Preferred is an ammonium salt of a C 6-12 perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid having an etheric oxygen atom in between, CF 3 CF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 OCF 2 COONH 4 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 OCF (CF 3 ) COONH 4 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 OCF (CF 3 ) CF 2 OCF (CF 3 ) COONH 4 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 [CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O] 2 CF (CF 3 ) COONH 4 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 O [CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O] 2 CF (CF 3 ) COONH
- the concentration of the fluorine-containing emulsifier in the liquid to be treated is preferably 10 to 5000 ppm, more preferably 10 to 1000 ppm. If the concentration of the fluorinated emulsifier is 10 ppm or more, the fluorinated emulsifier in the liquid to be treated can be efficiently recovered. If the concentration of the fluorine-containing emulsifier is 5000 ppm or less, the exchange life of the strongly basic IER is long, and the fluorine-containing emulsifier can be efficiently recovered.
- Strongly basic IER The ion exchange capacity of the strongly basic IER is 1.0 eq / L or less, preferably 0.7 to 1.0 eq / L, and more preferably 0.8 to 1.0 eq / L. If the ion exchange capacity of the strongly basic IER is 1.0 eq / L or less, there are few ion exchange groups interacting (reacting etc.) with the fluorine-containing polymer, so that the fluorine-containing polymer hardly adheres to the strongly basic IER. If the ion exchange capacity of the strongly basic IER is 0.8 eq / L or more, the fluorine-containing emulsifier can be recovered more efficiently. The ion exchange capacity of the strongly basic IER is determined by the method described in the examples.
- the water content of the strongly basic IER is 60% by mass or more, preferably 63 to 80% by mass, and more preferably 63 to 75% by mass. If the water content of the strongly basic IER is 60% by mass or more, the hydrophilicity of the strongly basic IER increases, and the fluoropolymer does not easily adhere to the strongly basic IER. Further, the fluorine-containing emulsifier tends to diffuse into the strongly basic IER particles. If the water content of the strongly basic IER is 80% by mass or less, a decrease in the strength of the strongly basic IER particles due to insufficient crosslinking can be suppressed. The water content of the strongly basic IER is determined by the method described in the examples.
- the ion exchange capacity of the strongly basic IER can be brought within a desired range by adjusting the number of ion exchange groups.
- the water content of the strongly basic IER can be set within a desired range by adjusting the number of ion exchange groups, adjusting the crosslinking density (amount of a crosslinking agent (divinylbenzene, etc.)), and the like.
- the crosslink density is lowered to increase the water content of the strongly basic IER to 60% by mass or more. It is preferable.
- Strongly basic IER includes a resin having a quaternary ammonium base in the side chain as an ion exchange group.
- the resin main body include styrene-divinylbenzene crosslinked resin, acrylic-divinylbenzene crosslinked resin, and cellulose resin.
- the quaternary ammonium base include a trimethylammonium group (—N + (CH 3 ) 3 X ⁇ ), a dimethylethanolammonium group (—N + (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH X ⁇ ), and the like.
- X ⁇ represents an arbitrary counter anion such as OH ⁇ or Cl ⁇ .
- a styrene-divinylbenzene cross-linked resin having a trimethylammonium group in the side chain is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of low ion leakage and excellent chemical stability.
- the strongly basic IER OH depending on the type of counter ions - type and Cl - of the type have been commercially available.
- the adsorption ability of the IER is determined by the water content and the ion exchange capacity, and therefore the type of counter ion is not limited in the present invention.
- the strongly basic IER examples include a porous type and a gel type, and the porous type is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent adsorption ability of the fluorinated emulsifier.
- the average particle diameter of the strongly basic IER is preferably 0.1 to 5 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 2 mm, and particularly preferably 0.3 to 1.5 mm. If the average particle size of the strongly basic IER is within the above range, the packed column of the strongly basic IER is difficult to block.
- the average particle diameter was determined by a sieving method. An IER sample was taken on a sieve shaker, and the particle size distribution was measured by sieving. The diameter of the sieve mesh corresponding to the residual classification meter 50% was determined, and this was used as the average particle diameter.
- the ratio between the strongly basic IER and the liquid to be treated is preferably 1/100 to 1/5000 (mass ratio), more preferably 1/100 to 1/2000 (mass ratio). preferable. If the water to be treated is 100 times or more in mass with respect to strongly basic IER, the fluorine-containing emulsifier can be recovered in a short time. If the water to be treated has a mass of 5000 times or less with respect to the strongly basic IER, the exchange life of the strongly basic IER is long and the fluorinated emulsifier can be efficiently recovered.
- Examples of the inorganic acid aqueous solution include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and hydrochloric acid is preferable from the viewpoint of handling.
- Examples of the fluorine-containing medium include hydrochlorofluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon, hydrofluoroether, hydrofluoroalcohol and the like, and hydrochlorofluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon, or hydrofluoroether is preferable.
- Examples of the non-fluorine medium include alcohols, ketones, nitriles, ethers, esters, amides, pyrrolidones, sulfoxides, and the like, and acetone or acetonitrile is preferable.
- the ratio of the strongly basic IER to the mixture is preferably 1/99 to 99/1 (mass ratio), more preferably 10/90 to 90/10 (mass ratio), 15/85 to 50/50 (mass ratio) is particularly preferable.
- the ratio of the inorganic acid aqueous solution to the fluorinated medium is preferably 1/99 to 95/5 (mass ratio), more preferably 5/95 to 80/20 (mass ratio), 10/90 to 70/30 (mass ratio) is particularly preferable.
- the ratio of the fluorine-containing medium to the non-fluorine medium is preferably 5/95 to 95/5 (mass ratio), more preferably 10/90 to 95/5 (mass ratio), 15 / 85 to 95/5 (mass ratio) is particularly preferable.
- the contact time between the strongly basic IER and the mixed solution is preferably 5 to 500 minutes, and more preferably 10 to 300 minutes.
- the ratio of strongly basic IER to inorganic acid aqueous solution is preferably 99/1 to 1/99 (mass ratio), more preferably 90/10 to 10/90 (mass ratio). 60/40 to 30/70 (mass ratio) is particularly preferable.
- the contact time between the strongly basic IER and the aqueous inorganic acid solution is preferably 5 to 500 minutes, more preferably 10 to 300 minutes.
- the ratio of the fluorine-containing medium to the non-fluorine medium is preferably 5/95 to 95/5 (mass ratio), more preferably 10/90 to 90/10 (mass ratio), 20/80 to 90/10 (mass ratio) is particularly preferable.
- the ratio between the strongly basic IER and the mixture is preferably 1/99 to 80/20 (mass ratio), more preferably 10/90 to 70/30 (mass ratio), 15/85 to 60/40 (mass ratio) is particularly preferable.
- the contact time between the strongly basic IER and the mixed solution is preferably 5 to 500 minutes, and more preferably 10 to 300 minutes.
- the ion exchange capacity is 1.0 eq / L or less and the water content is 60% by mass.
- the above strongly basic IER is used. Therefore, the SS component consisting of the fluorine-containing polymer contained in the liquid to be treated does not easily adhere to the strongly basic IER, and the fluorine-containing emulsifier (in the case of an anionic fluorine-containing emulsifier, an anion of an acid) is contained in the strongly basic IER particles. Is easy to diffuse.
- the rate of ion exchange between the counter ion and the fluorine-containing emulsifier is faster than the rate of adhesion of the SS component to the strongly basic IER surface, the SS component is less likely to cover the surface of the strongly basic IER. It is difficult for the packed tower of IER to be clogged or to reduce the adsorption ability of strongly basic IER. As a result, the fluorinated emulsifier can be efficiently recovered from the liquid to be treated containing the fluorinated polymer and the fluorinated emulsifier.
- a strongly basic IER is obtained by an SS component comprising a fluorinated polymer contained in the liquid to be treated without pretreatment of the liquid to be treated.
- the surface is hard to be covered. Therefore, it is not necessary to pretreat the liquid to be treated, and the fluorine-containing emulsifier can be easily recovered from the liquid to be treated containing the fluorine-containing polymer and the fluorine-containing emulsifier.
- the method for recovering the fluorine-containing emulsifier of the present invention is not limited to fluorine-containing emulsifiers, but also low-molecular fluorine-containing carboxylic acids (trifluoroacetic acid, pentafluoropropanoic acid, etc.) or salts thereof, low-molecular fluorine-containing sulfonic acids (trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) Or the recovery of the salt thereof.
- CF 3 CF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 OCF 2 COONH 4 (hereinafter referred to as SAA1), which is a fluorine-containing emulsifier, was measured by a colorimetric method using methylene blue. After gradually adding 12 g of concentrated sulfuric acid having a concentration of about 18 mol / L to about 500 mL of water and cooling, 0.03 g of methylene blue and 50 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate were dissolved in this, and water was added to add 1 L ( Liter) as a methylene blue solution.
- SAA1 concentration of CF 3 CF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 OCF 2 COONH 4
- Adsorption rate of fluorine-containing emulsifier The IER adsorption rate was calculated from the following equation.
- Adsorption rate (%) [(SAA1 concentration in aggregated wastewater before step (a)) ⁇ (SAA1 concentration in aggregated wastewater after step (a))] / (SAA1 concentration in aggregated wastewater before step (a)) ⁇ 100
- aqueous dispersion of PTFE was obtained by emulsion polymerization of TFE in the presence of SAA1 in an aqueous dispersion medium.
- Aggregated wastewater was obtained by aggregating and separating PTFE in the aqueous dispersion.
- the concentration of the SS component mainly composed of fine particles of non-aggregated PTFE in the coagulated wastewater was 1900 ppm
- the concentration of SAA1 was 420 ppm
- the pH of the coagulated wastewater was 4.60.
- strongly basic IER manufactured by LANXESS, MP800Cl
- Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that MP800OH manufactured by LANXESS was used as the strongly basic IER. As a result, the amount of coagulated wastewater that could be treated immediately before the SAA1 adsorption rate fell below 99% was 3150 mL (15 batches) in total. When the surface of MP800OH after the treatment was observed with a microscope, no adhesion of SS component was observed.
- Example 3 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that A500POH manufactured by PUROLITE was used as the strongly basic IER. As a result, the total amount of coagulated wastewater that could be treated immediately before the SAA1 adsorption rate fell below 99% was 1050 mL (for 5 batches). When the surface of the A500POH after the treatment was observed with a microscope, no adhesion of SS component was observed.
- Example 4 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that A200MBOH manufactured by PUROLITE was used as the strongly basic IER. As a result, the amount of coagulated wastewater that could be treated immediately before the SAA1 adsorption rate fell below 99% was 420 mL (2 batches) in total. When the surface of the A200MBOH after the treatment was observed with a microscope, the SS component was attached so as to fill the surface of the A200MBOH.
- Example 5 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that MP600OH manufactured by LANXESS was used as the strongly basic IER. As a result, the amount of coagulated wastewater that could be treated immediately before the SAA1 adsorption rate fell below 99% was 210 mL (one batch). When the surface of MP600OH after the treatment was observed with a microscope, the SS component was adhered so as to fill the surface of MP600OH. The above results are summarized in Table 1.
- the method for recovering a fluorine-containing emulsifier of the present invention is useful for treating waste water containing a fluorine-containing emulsifier.
- the fluorine-containing emulsifier recovered by the present invention can be reused as it is or after neutralization for emulsion polymerization of fluorine-containing monomers.
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Abstract
Description
たとえば、含フッ素ポリマーおよび含フッ素乳化剤を含む水性分散液中の含フッ素ポリマーを凝集させて凝集物とし、該凝集物を回収した後の排水(以下、凝集排水とも記す。)に含まれる、ペルフルオロオクタン酸アンモニウム(以下、APFOと記す。)等の含フッ素乳化剤をIERに吸着させて、回収する方法が知られている(特許文献1~3参照)。
(1)凝集排水にノニオン性界面活性剤またはカチオン性界面活性剤を添加し、凝集排水に含まれるポリテトラフルオロエチレン(以下、PTFEと記す。)の微粒子を安定化することによって、IERの充填塔の閉塞を抑える方法。
(2)テトラフルオロエチレン/ペルフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)共重合体(以下、PFAと記す。)の凝集排水に、石灰水を添加してpHを6~7.5に調整し、塩化アルミニウム等の金属塩を添加して、未凝集のPFAを凝集させ、機械的に凝集物を分離した後、硫酸によって凝集排水のpHを7以下に調整する、凝集排水の前処理方法。
(2)の方法は、簡便でない。また、SS成分の除去が充分ではないため、多量の凝集排水をIERで処理した場合、IERの充填塔が閉塞し、IERの吸着能力が低下する。
本発明の含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法は、前記含フッ素乳化剤を前記強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着させ、次いで、強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着された含フッ素乳化剤を強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂から溶離させることが好ましい。
前記被処理液は、含フッ素ポリマーおよび含フッ素乳化剤を含む水性分散液中の含フッ素ポリマーを凝集させて凝集物とし、該凝集物を回収した後の排水であることが好ましい。
前記強塩基性IERと前記被処理液との比(強塩基性IER/被処理液)は、1/100~1/5000(質量比)であることが好ましい。
前記含フッ素乳化剤は、含フッ素カルボン酸、含フッ素スルホン酸、またはそれらの塩であることが好ましい。
前記含フッ素カルボン酸は、ペルフルオロアルキルカルボン酸、または、炭素原子-炭素原子間にエーテル性酸素原子を有するペルフルオロアルキルカルボン酸であることが好ましい。
前記強塩基性IERの対イオンは、OH-またはCl-であることが好ましい。
前記強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂は、イオン交換基として、第4級アンモニウム塩基を側鎖に有することが好ましい。
前記強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂の平均粒径は0.1~5mmであることが好ましい。
「強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂(IER)」とは、第4級アンモニウム塩基を有するイオン交換樹脂(IER)を意味する。
「強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂(IER)の対イオン」とは、第4級アンモニウム塩基から解離して、外部の陰イオンと交換し得る陰イオンを意味する。
「含フッ素ポリマー」とは、分子中にフッ素原子を有する重合体を意味する。
「含フッ素乳化剤」とは、水と油とを乳化して安定なエマルションを形成し得る化合物のうち、分子中にフッ素原子を有する化合物を意味する。
「水性分散液」とは、分散質(含フッ素ポリマー)が水性分散媒に分散したものを意味する。
「水性分散媒」とは、水、および必要に応じて水溶性の有機溶媒からなる媒体を意味する。
本発明の含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法は、下記の工程(a)および工程(b)を有する方法である。
工程(a):含フッ素ポリマーおよび含フッ素乳化剤を含む被処理液と、イオン交換容量が1.0eq/L以下であり、水分含有量が60質量%以上である強塩基性IERとを接触させ、含フッ素乳化剤を強塩基性IERに吸着させる工程。
工程(b):必要に応じて、前記工程(a)の後、強塩基性IERに吸着された含フッ素乳化剤を強塩基性IERから溶離させる工程。
被処理液と強塩基性IERとを接触させる方法としては、たとえば、下記の方法が挙げられる。
(1)被処理液に強塩基性IERを投入し、撹拌する方法(バッチ法)。
(2)強塩基性IERを充填した充填塔に、被処理液を通す方法(連続法)。
被処理液としては、含フッ素ポリマーおよび含フッ素乳化剤を含む水性分散液;該水性分散液中の含フッ素ポリマーを凝集させて凝集物とし、該凝集物を回収した後の凝集排水等が挙げられ、含フッ素乳化剤を効率よく回収できる点から、凝集排水が好ましい。
水性分散液中の含フッ素ポリマーを凝集させる方法としては、公知の方法(凝集剤を用いる方法等)が挙げられる。
凝集物を回収する方法としては、公知の方法(ろ過等)が挙げられる。
含フッ素ポリマーとしては、たとえば、含フッ素モノマーに由来する構成単位と、必要に応じて含フッ素モノマー以外の他のモノマーに由来する構成単位とを有する重合体が挙げられる。
フルオロエチレン:テトラフルオロエチレン(以下、TFEと記す。)、CF2=CFCl、CFH=CF2、CFH=CH2、CF2=CH2(以下、VdFと記す。)等。
フルオロプロピレン:ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(以下、HFPと記す。)、CF2=CHCF3等。
炭素数3~10のペルフルオロビニルエーテル:CF2=CFOCF3、CF2=CFOCF2CF3、CF2=CFO(CF2)2CF3(以下、PPVEと記す。)、CF2=CFO(CF2)4CF3等。
炭素数4~10の(ペルフルオロアルキル)エチレン:CH2=CH(CF2)4F、CH2=CH(CF2)6F等。
炭素原4~10のポリフルオロアルキルエチレン(ただし、(ペルフルオロアルキル)エチレンを除く。):CH2=CF(CF2)3H等。
含フッ素モノマーは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
ビニルエステル:酢酸ビニル等。
ビニルエーテル:エチルビニルエーテル、シクロヘキシルビニルエーテル、ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル等。
環状構造を有する単量体:ノルボルネン、ノルボルナジエン等。
アリルエーテル:メチルアリルエーテル等。
オレフィン:エチレン(以下、Eと記す。)、プロピレン(以下、Pと記す。)、イソブチレン等。
他のモノマーは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
含フッ素ポリマーとしては、凝集排水中の含フッ素乳化剤の濃度が高く、強塩基性IERの吸着効率がよい点から、PTFE、TFE/P共重合体、TFE/P/VdF共重合体、TFE/PPVE共重合体、E/TFE共重合体、またはTFE/HFP共重合体が好ましく、PTFEが特に好ましい。
含フッ素乳化剤としては、強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂を用いた場合の回収効率がよい点から、アニオン性含フッ素乳化剤が好ましく、含フッ素カルボン酸、含フッ素スルホン酸、またはそれらの塩がより好ましい。
炭素原子-炭素原子間にエーテル性酸素原子を有するポリフルオロカルボン酸としては、カルボン酸の分子骨格を構成する炭素原子に結合した水素原子の全てがフッ素原子に置換されたペルフルオロカルボン酸、又は、炭素原子に結合した水素原子が1個残存するポリフルオロカルボン酸がより好ましい。
含フッ素スルホン酸としては、ペルフルオロアルキルスルホン酸等が挙げられる。
含フッ素乳化剤は、直鎖構造であってもよく、分岐構造であってもよく、それらの混合物であってもよい。炭素原子-炭素原子間にエーテル性の酸素原子を有してもよい。
CF3CF2OCF2CF2OCF2COOH、
CF3CF2CF2OCF(CF3)COOH、
CF3CF2CF2OCF(CF3)CF2OCF(CF3)COOH、
CF3CF2CF2[CF(CF3)CF2O]2CF(CF3)COOH、
CF3CF2CF2O[CF(CF3)CF2O]3CF(CF3)COOH、
CF3CF2CF2CF2CF2OCF(CF3)COOH、
CF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF(CF3)COOH、
CF3OCF2OCF2OCF2OCF2COOH、
CF3OCF2CF2CF2OCFHCF2COOH、
CF3CF2CF2OCFHCF2COOH等。
CF3CF2OCF2CF2OCF2COONH4、
CF3CF2CF2OCF(CF3)COONH4、
CF3CF2CF2OCF(CF3)CF2OCF(CF3)COONH4、
CF3CF2CF2[CF(CF3)CF2O]2CF(CF3)COONH4、
CF3CF2CF2O[CF(CF3)CF2O]3CF(CF3)COONH4、
CF3CF2CF2CF2CF2OCF(CF3)COONH4、
CF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF(CF3)COONH4、
またはCF3OCF2CF2CF2OCFHCF2COONH4がより好ましく、
CF3CF2OCF2CF2OCF2COONH4が特に好ましい。
強塩基性IERのイオン交換容量は、1.0eq/L以下であり、0.7~1.0eq/Lが好ましく、0.8~1.0eq/Lがより好ましい。強塩基性IERのイオン交換容量が1.0eq/L以下であれば、含フッ素ポリマーと相互作用(反応等)するイオン交換基が少ないため、含フッ素ポリマーが強塩基性IERに付着しにくい。強塩基性IERのイオン交換容量が0.8eq/L以上であれば、含フッ素乳化剤をさらに効率よく回収できる。
強塩基性IERのイオン交換容量は、実施例に記載の方法によって求める。
強塩基性IERの水分含有量は、実施例に記載の方法によって求める。
強塩基性IERの水分含有量は、イオン交換基の数を調整する、架橋密度(架橋剤(ジビニルベンゼン等)の量)を調整する等によって、所望の範囲内にすることができる。ただし、イオン交換基の数を増やしすぎると、強塩基性IERのイオン交換容量が1.0eq/Lを超えるため、架橋密度を下げて強塩基性IERの水分含有量を60質量%以上にすることが好ましい。
樹脂本体としては、スチレン-ジビニルベンゼン架橋樹脂、アクリル-ジビニルベンゼン架橋樹脂、セルロース樹脂等が挙げられる。
第4級アンモニウム塩基としては、トリメチルアンモニウム基(-N+(CH3)3X-)、ジメチルエタノールアンモニウム基(-N+(CH3)2CH2CH2OH X-)等が挙げられる。ここで、X-は、OH-、Cl-等の任意の対アニオンを示す。
強塩基性IERとしては、イオンの漏洩が少なく、化学的安定性に優れる点から、トリメチルアンモニウム基を側鎖に有するスチレン-ジビニルベンゼン架橋樹脂が特に好ましい。
強塩基性IERの平均粒径は、0.1~5mmが好ましく、0.2~2mmがより好ましく、0.3~1.5mmが特に好ましい。強塩基性IERの平均粒径が前記範囲内にあれば、強塩基性IERの充填塔が閉塞しにくくなる。ここで、平均粒径は、ふるい分け法により求めた。ふるい振とう器にIER試料を取り、ふるい分けにより粒度分布を測定した。残留分類計50%に対応する篩の目の径を求め、これを平均粒径とした。
強塩基性IERに吸着された含フッ素乳化剤を強塩基性IERから溶離させる方法としては、公知の強塩基性IERの再生方法が挙げられる。
強塩基性IERに吸着された含フッ素乳化剤を強塩基性IERから溶離させ、さらに溶離した含フッ素乳化剤を回収する方法としては、たとえば、下記の方法が挙げられる。
(β)強塩基性IERに無機酸水溶液を接触させ、次いで、含フッ素媒体と非フッ素媒体との混合液を接触させた後、強塩基性IERと液相とに分離して液相を回収し、該液相から含フッ素乳化剤の酸を回収する方法。
含フッ素媒体としては、ヒドロクロロフルオロカーボン、ヒドロフルオロカーボン、ヒドロフルオロエーテル、ヒドロフルオロアルコール等が挙げられ、ヒドロクロロフルオロカーボン、ヒドロフルオロカーボン、またはヒドロフルオロエーテルが好ましい。
非フッ素媒体としては、アルコール類、ケトン類、ニトリル類、エーテル類、エステル類、アミド類、ピロリドン類、スルホキシド類等が挙げられ、アセトン、またはアセトニトリルが好ましい。
強塩基性IERと混合液との比(強塩基性IER/混合液)は、1/99~99/1(質量比)が好ましく、10/90~90/10(質量比)がより好ましく、15/85~50/50(質量比)が特に好ましい。
無機酸水溶液と含フッ素媒体との比(無機酸水溶液/含フッ素媒体)は、1/99~95/5(質量比)が好ましく、5/95~80/20(質量比)がより好ましく、10/90~70/30(質量比)が特に好ましい。
含フッ素媒体と非フッ素媒体と比(含フッ素媒体/非フッ素媒体)は、5/95~95/5(質量比)が好ましく、10/90~95/5(質量比)がより好ましく、15/85~95/5(質量比)が特に好ましい。
強塩基性IERと混合液との接触時間は、5~500分が好ましく、10~300分がより好ましい。
強塩基性IERと無機酸水溶液との比(強塩基性IER/無機酸水溶液)は、99/1~1/99(質量比)が好ましく、90/10~10/90(質量比)がより好ましく、60/40~30/70(質量比)が特に好ましい。
強塩基性IERと無機酸水溶液との接触時間は、5~500分が好ましく、10~300分がより好ましい。
含フッ素媒体と非フッ素媒体との比(含フッ素媒体/非フッ素媒体)は、5/95~95/5(質量比)が好ましく、10/90~90/10(質量比)がより好ましく、20/80~90/10(質量比)が特に好ましい。
強塩基性IERと混合液との比(強塩基性IERと混合液)は、1/99~80/20(質量比)が好ましく、10/90~70/30(質量比)がより好ましく、15/85~60/40(質量比)が特に好ましい。
強塩基性IERと混合液との接触時間は、5~500分が好ましく、10~300分がより好ましい。
以上説明した、本発明の含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法にあっては、含フッ素乳化剤を吸着させる強塩基性IERとして、イオン交換容量が1.0eq/L以下であり、水分含有量が60質量%以上である強塩基性IERを用いている。そのため、被処理液に含まれる含フッ素ポリマーからなるSS成分が強塩基性IERに付着しにくく、かつ強塩基性IERの粒子内に含フッ素乳化剤(アニオン性含フッ素乳化剤の場合、酸のアニオン)が拡散しやすい。すなわち、SS成分の強塩基性IER表面への付着速度よりも、対イオンと含フッ素乳化剤とのイオン交換速度が速くなるため、SS成分によって強塩基性IERの表面が覆われにくく、強塩基性IERの充填塔が閉塞したり、強塩基性IERの吸着能力が低下したりしにくい。その結果、含フッ素ポリマーおよび含フッ素乳化剤を含む被処理液から、含フッ素乳化剤を効率よく回収できる。
また、以上説明した、本発明の含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法にあっては、被処理液を前処理しなくても、被処理液に含まれる含フッ素ポリマーからなるSS成分によって強塩基性IERの表面が覆われにくい。そのため、被処理液を前処理する必要がなく、含フッ素ポリマーおよび含フッ素乳化剤を含む被処理液から、含フッ素乳化剤を簡便に回収できる。
例1~3は実施例であり、例4、5は比較例である。
含フッ素乳化剤であるCF3CF2OCF2CF2OCF2COONH4(以下、SAA1と記す。)の濃度は、メチレンブルーを用いた比色法によって測定した。
水の約500mLに、約18モル/Lの濃度の濃硫酸の12gを徐々に加え、冷却した後、これにメチレンブルーの0.03g、無水硫酸ナトリウムの50gを溶解し、水を加えて1L(リットル)としてメチレンブルー溶液を調製した。試験管にメチレンブルー溶液の4mL、クロロホルムの5mLを入れ、さらに、SAA1を含む試料の0.1gを水の100~300mLで希釈した1000~3000倍希釈液の0.1gを加えて、激しく振り混ぜ、静置した。下層のクロロホルム相を採取し、孔径0.2μmのフィルターでろ過し、分光光度計で630nmの吸光度を測定した。SAA1の含有量に応じてクロロホルム相が青色を呈する。濃度既知のSAA1水溶液の0.1gを用いて、同様の方法で吸光度を測定して、あらかじめ作成した検量線を用いて試料中のSAA1の濃度を求めた。
SS成分を含む試料の10gをハロゲン式水分測定器(メトラートレド社製、HR-73)に入れ、200℃で質量が一定になるまで乾燥させた後の蒸発残分をSS成分とした。該温度では、SAA1は昇華または揮発するため、SS成分には含まれない。
試料(強塩基性IER)の約20mLを樹脂塔に詰め、2N-NaOH水溶液の1500mLを流し、次に脱塩水1Lを流して洗浄した。次に5%NaCl水溶液の500mLを流し、Cl型にした後、脱塩水を流し、洗浄液がフェノールフタレインで中性になるまで洗浄した。
基準形にした試料をメスシリンダーで10mLはかり取り、樹脂塔に移し、2N-NaOH水溶液の750mLで再生した。次に、脱塩水の1Lで洗浄した後、5%NaCl水溶液の250mLを流し、メスフラスコに受け、そこから50mLはかり取り、メチルレッド・メチレンブルー混合指示薬を用いて、0.1N-HCl水溶液で滴定し、次式によりイオン交換容量(meq/mL)を算出し、eq/Lに換算した。
イオン交換容量(meq/mL)=((0.1N-HCl滴定mL)×(HCl力価)×0.1×250/50)/10
基準形にした試料を、メスシリンダーで10mL正確にはかり取り、この樹脂を布に包み遠心分離して、付着水分を除いた後、すばやく樹脂の質量を測定した。次いで、105℃の恒温乾燥機中で4時間乾燥した後、デシケーター中で30分放冷し、乾燥後の樹脂の質量をはかり、水分含有量を計算した。
水分含有量(%)=(乾燥前の樹脂の質量(g)-乾燥後の樹脂の質量(g))/乾燥前の樹脂の質量(g)×100
IERの吸着率は、下式から算出した。
吸着率(%)=[(工程(a)前の凝集排水中SAA1濃度)-(工程(a)後の凝集排水中SAA1濃度)]/(工程(a)前の凝集排水中SAA1濃度)×100
処理能力は、下式から算出した。
処理能力(mL/g)=(強塩基性IERの吸着率が99%を下回る直前までに処理できた凝集排水の量(mL))/(用いた強塩基性IERの量(g))
水性分散媒中にてSAA1の存在下に、TFEを乳化重合してPTFEの水性分散液を得た。水性分散液中のPTFEを凝集させ、分離することによって凝集排水を得た。凝集排水中の、主に未凝集のPTFEの微粒子からなるSS成分の濃度は、1900ppmであり、SAA1の濃度は、420ppmであり、凝集排水のpHは4.60であった。
工程(a):
プロペラ翼を備えた500mLのガラス製ビーカーに、凝集排水の210mLを入れ、強塩基性IER(LANXESS社製、MP800Cl)の5gを添加した。撹拌回転数250rpmで1時間、凝集排水を撹拌し、凝集排水中のSAA1を強塩基性IERに吸着させた。1時間後、凝集排水をSUS製200メッシュシートでろ過し、MP800Clおよびこの操作で凝集したSS成分と、ろ液とを分離した。ろ液中のSAA1の濃度を測定した。
強塩基性IERとしてLANXESS社製、MP800OHを用いた以外は、例1と同様の操作を行った。結果、SAA1の吸着率が99%を下回る直前までに処理できた凝集排水の量は、合計で3150mL(15バッチ分)であった。処理後のMP800OHの表面をマイクロスコープで観察したところ、SS成分の付着は見られなかった。
強塩基性IERとしてPUROLITE社製、A500POHを用いた以外は、例1と同様の操作を行った。結果、SAA1の吸着率が99%を下回る直前までに処理できた凝集排水の量は、合計で1050mL(5バッチ分)であった。処理後のA500POHの表面をマイクロスコープで観察したところ、SS成分の付着は見られなかった。
強塩基性IERとしてPUROLITE社製、A200MBOHを用いた以外は、例1と同様の操作を行った。結果、SAA1の吸着率が99%を下回る直前までに処理できた凝集排水の量は、合計で420mL(2バッチ分)であった。処理後のA200MBOHの表面をマイクロスコープで観察したところ、SS成分がA200MBOHの表面を埋め尽くすように付着していた。
強塩基性IERとしてLANXESS社製、MP600OHを用いた以外は、例1と同様の操作を行った。結果、SAA1の吸着率が99%を下回る直前までに処理できた凝集排水の量は、合計で210mL(1バッチ分)であった。処理後のMP600OHの表面をマイクロスコープで観察したところ、SS成分がMP600OHの表面を埋め尽くすように付着していた。
以上の結果を、表1にまとめて示す。
なお、2013年10月10日に出願された日本特許出願2013-212673号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (10)
- 含フッ素ポリマーおよび含フッ素乳化剤を含む被処理液から含フッ素乳化剤を回収する方法であって、
前記被処理液と、イオン交換容量が1.0eq/L以下であり、水分含有量が60質量%以上である強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂とを接触させ、前記含フッ素乳化剤を前記強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着させることを特徴とする、含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法。 - 前記含フッ素乳化剤を前記強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着させ、次いで、強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着された含フッ素乳化剤を強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂から溶離させる請求項1に記載の含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法。
- 前記被処理液が、含フッ素ポリマーおよび含フッ素乳化剤を含む水性分散液中の含フッ素ポリマーを凝集させて凝集物とし、該凝集物を回収した後の排水である、請求項1または2に記載の含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法。
- 前記被処理液中の含フッ素乳化剤の濃度が、10~5000ppmである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法。
- 前記強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂と前記被処理液との比(強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂/被処理液)が、1/100~1/5000(質量比)である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法。
- 前記含フッ素乳化剤が、含フッ素カルボン酸、含フッ素スルホン酸、またはそれらの塩である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法。
- 前記含フッ素カルボン酸が、ペルフルオロアルキルカルボン酸、または、炭素原子-炭素原子間にエーテル性酸素原子を有するペルフルオロアルキルカルボン酸である、請求項6に記載の含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法。
- 前記強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂の対イオンが、OH-またはCl-である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法。
- 前記強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂が、イオン交換基として、第4級アンモニウム塩基を側鎖に有する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法。
- 前記強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂の平均粒径が0.1~5mmである、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の含フッ素乳化剤の回収方法。
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