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WO2014132661A1 - Récipient isolant - Google Patents

Récipient isolant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014132661A1
WO2014132661A1 PCT/JP2014/001109 JP2014001109W WO2014132661A1 WO 2014132661 A1 WO2014132661 A1 WO 2014132661A1 JP 2014001109 W JP2014001109 W JP 2014001109W WO 2014132661 A1 WO2014132661 A1 WO 2014132661A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat insulating
layer
vacuum
insulating layer
heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/001109
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
法幸 宮地
健太 宮本
上門　一登
秀一 薬師
明生 神前
Original Assignee
パナソニック株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by パナソニック株式会社 filed Critical パナソニック株式会社
Priority to JP2015502788A priority Critical patent/JP6390009B2/ja
Priority to CN201480007927.6A priority patent/CN104981645B/zh
Publication of WO2014132661A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014132661A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
    • F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B2025/087—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid comprising self-contained tanks installed in the ship structure as separate units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F17C2203/0395—Getter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • F17C2209/232—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations of walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat insulating container provided with a vacuum heat insulating material, and particularly to a heat insulating container capable of holding a low-temperature substance having a temperature lower than normal temperature, such as liquefied natural gas or hydrogen gas.
  • combustible gas such as natural gas or hydrogen gas is a gas at normal temperature, it is liquefied and stored in a heat insulating container during storage or transportation. Therefore, it can be said that the liquefied combustible gas is a low-temperature substance (more specifically, a low-temperature fluid) significantly lower than normal temperature.
  • a typical example of a heat insulating container for holding liquefied natural gas is an LNG storage tank installed on land, a tank of an LNG transport tanker, or the like.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • These LNG tanks are required to maintain heat insulation performance as much as possible because LNG needs to be held at a temperature that is 100 ° C. lower than normal temperature (the temperature of LNG is usually ⁇ 162 ° C.).
  • a vacuum heat insulating material using a fibrous core material made of an inorganic material is known as one of heat insulating materials having higher heat insulating performance.
  • a general vacuum heat insulating material includes a configuration in which the core material is sealed in a vacuum-sealed state inside a bag-shaped outer packaging material having gas barrier properties.
  • home appliances such as a household refrigerator, commercial refrigeration equipment, a heat insulating wall for a house, and the like can be given.
  • Patent Document 1 the applicant of the present application forms a sealed portion having a plurality of thin-walled portions and thick-walled portions by thermally welding a multilayer laminate film that is an outer packaging material (a jacket material).
  • a vacuum insulation material with a structure.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material having the sealing portion can realize excellent heat insulating performance over a long period of time.
  • a vacuum heat insulating material is applied to a heat insulating container such as an LNG tank, it is expected to effectively suppress the penetration of heat into the heat insulating container.
  • a heat insulating container such as an LNG tank
  • BOG boil-off gas
  • BOR natural vaporization rate
  • the vacuum heat insulating material is used as a heat insulating panel whose periphery is covered with hard polyurethane foam (molded integrally with the hard polyurethane foam).
  • a heat insulating layer vacuum heat insulating layer including a vacuum heat insulating material can be formed. That is, hard polyurethane foam exists in the gap between the vacuum heat insulating materials, but the heat insulating performance of the hard polyurethane foam is inferior to that of the vacuum heat insulating material. Therefore, heat transfer into the container housing can be effectively suppressed (or blocked) in the portion where the vacuum heat insulating material exists, but heat transfer cannot be effectively suppressed in the gap between the vacuum heat insulating materials (rigid polyurethane foam).
  • the high heat insulation performance by the vacuum heat insulating material may be substantially offset by heat transfer in the gap.
  • a thermal insulation layer made of a phenol foam thermal insulation panel (phenol foam panel) is often interposed between the container housing and the vacuum thermal insulation layer. Since the heat insulation performance of phenol foam is inferior to that of a vacuum heat insulating material, cold temperature (low heat) from a low-temperature substance held in the container case is conducted through the phenol foam panel and leaks to the vacuum heat insulating layer. Thereby, the temperature of the multilayer laminate film which is the outer packaging material of the vacuum heat insulating material is also greatly reduced. In particular, since the cold temperature is likely to leak from the joint portion between the phenol foam panels, the vacuum heat insulating material located at the joint portion is more easily cooled than the vacuum heat insulating material located at the other portion.
  • the multilayer laminate film When the multilayer laminate film is cooled significantly, the mechanical strength is lowered and it becomes easily embrittled. Therefore, embrittlement progresses with time, and the multilayer laminate film may be cracked. If a crack occurs in the outer packaging material, the pressure inside the vacuum heat insulating material increases, so that the heat insulating performance is significantly lowered. Furthermore, as described above, in the case where the vacuum heat insulating material is integrally formed with the rigid polyurethane foam, the multilayer laminate film is stretched and stretched by heat shrinkage of the rigid polyurethane foam. If this tension expansion and contraction is repeated, cracks are likely to occur in the embrittled multilayer laminate film. Therefore, it becomes difficult to maintain the heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material for a long period of time.
  • the third problem is that the vacuum heat insulating material itself warps and deforms.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material is a board-like heat insulating panel integrally formed with the hard polyurethane foam
  • the heat insulating panel is different due to the difference in thermal shrinkage between the hard polyurethane foam and the vacuum heat insulating material.
  • the heat insulating panel is warped and deformed, a gap is likely to be generated between the heat insulating panels. As a result, heat transfer from the gap is increased, and the heat insulating performance of the entire vacuum heat insulating layer is deteriorated.
  • the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and in a heat insulating container to which a vacuum heat insulating material is applied, while further improving the heat insulating performance, the heat insulating performance can be improved over a long period of time.
  • the purpose is to realize it effectively.
  • the heat insulating container according to the present invention is used to hold a low-temperature substance stored at a temperature lower than normal temperature, and is disposed outside the container housing and the container housing.
  • a heat insulating structure, and the heat insulating structure is a multilayer structure including a first heat insulating layer, a second heat insulating layer, and a third heat insulating layer, which are sequentially provided from the container housing toward the outside.
  • the third heat insulating layer has a plurality of vacuum heat insulating materials.
  • the specific configuration of the vacuum heat insulating material used in the heat insulating container is not particularly limited, but the vacuum heat insulating material may have an explosion-proof structure that suppresses or prevents rapid deformation of the vacuum heat insulating material.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a spherical independent dunk LNG transport tanker including a spherical tank which is a heat insulating container according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of the spherical tank corresponding to an arrow cross section. It is a fragmentary sectional view showing typically an example of composition of a heat insulation structure of a heat insulation container with which a spherical tank shown in Drawing 1B is provided. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the typical structure of the vacuum heat insulating material used for the heat insulation structure shown in FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows typically the other structural example of the heat insulation structure shown in FIG. FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing still another configuration example of the heat insulating structure shown in FIG. 2. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows typically the structural example of the heat insulation structure with which the heat insulation container which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention is provided. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows typically the other structural example of the heat insulation structure shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing still another configuration example of the heat insulating structure shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing still another configuration example of the heat insulating structure shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 13A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a vacuum heat insulating material used in the heat insulating container according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention
  • FIG. 13B is a view of a sealing portion of the vacuum heat insulating material shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 13A It is an expanded sectional view.
  • FIG. 13B is a schematic plan view of the vacuum heat insulating material shown in FIG. 13A.
  • 18A and 18B are schematic cross-sectional views each showing an example of a vacuum heat insulating material panel used in the heat insulating container according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • 19A and 19B are schematic cross-sectional views respectively showing other examples of the vacuum heat insulating material panel shown in FIG. 18B.
  • the heat insulating container according to the present invention is used to hold a low-temperature substance stored at a temperature lower than normal temperature, and includes a container housing and a heat insulating structure disposed outside the container housing.
  • the heat insulating structure is a multilayer structure including a first heat insulating layer, a second heat insulating layer, and a third heat insulating layer, which are sequentially provided from the container housing toward the outside, and the third heat insulating layer includes a plurality of heat insulating structures. It is the structure provided with the vacuum heat insulating material.
  • the inner heat insulating layer includes a two-layer structure of the first heat insulating layer and the second heat insulating layer, and the third heat insulating layer is formed outside the inner heat insulating layer by the vacuum heat insulating material having excellent heat insulating performance.
  • the heat transfer (heat transfer) of the cold temperature (low heat) from the inside of the container housing is not only hindered by the two-layer structure of the first heat insulating layer and the second heat insulating layer, but further includes a vacuum heat insulating material. Obstructed by a thermal barrier. Therefore, it is possible to effectively suppress the leakage of the cold temperature to the outside.
  • heat transfer from the outside air to the inside of the heat insulating structure is also hindered by the third heat insulating layer, so that it is also possible to effectively suppress an increase in the ambient temperature in the region where the inner heat insulating layer exists, and the heat insulating performance of the inner heat insulating layer is relatively controlled. Can be improved. As a result, the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating structure can be made excellent by the synergistic effect of the excellent heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material itself and the relatively improved heat insulating performance of the inner heat insulating layer.
  • the fact that the heat insulating performance of the inner heat insulating layer is relatively improved can reduce the influence of the cold temperature from the container casing on the third heat insulating layer by the inner heat insulating layer.
  • the deterioration etc. of the vacuum heat insulating material which comprises a 3rd heat insulation layer can be suppressed, it also becomes possible to hold
  • the second heat insulating layer may have a heat insulating performance equal to or higher than that of the first heat insulating layer.
  • the second heat insulating layer can effectively suppress leakage to the cold third heat insulating layer, and the second heat insulating layer insulates the inner first heat insulating layer, thereby insulating the first heat insulating layer. Can be improved relatively. Therefore, the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating structure can be further improved.
  • the heat insulating structure may include a portion where the first heat insulating layer and the second heat insulating layer are integrated.
  • a part of the inner heat insulating layer may have a single layer structure and a part may have a two layer structure. Therefore, for example, one heat insulation panel is arranged outside the container housing, the heat insulation panel main body is integrated into a single layer, and the joint portion between the heat insulation panels is a two-layered structure including a first heat insulation layer and a second heat insulation layer. Can be structured.
  • the cold temperature is likely to leak at the joint between the heat insulation panels, but leakage from the joint can be effectively suppressed by partially improving the heat insulation performance by forming a two-layer joint. Thereby, the heat insulation performance of a heat insulation structure can be made more excellent.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material includes a fibrous core material and a bag-shaped outer packaging material having gas barrier properties, and the core material is sealed in a vacuum state inside the outer packaging material.
  • the inner outer packaging material constituting the inner surface facing the container housing is configured to have higher low temperature resistance than the outer outer packaging material constituting the outer surface. Also good.
  • the low temperature resistance of the inner surface facing the container housing holding the low temperature substance is improved. It can suppress well that the inner surface of a vacuum heat insulating material embrittles by low temperature. Thereby, the reliability of a heat insulation structure can be improved.
  • the said vacuum heat insulating material has the fin-shaped sealing part which bonded and sealed the said outer packaging materials around the circumference
  • the third heat insulating layer may be configured by disposing the vacuum heat insulating material outside the second heat insulating layer in a folded state.
  • the heat insulation performance of a heat insulation structure can be made more excellent.
  • positioned adjacently in the state which faced each other may be sufficient as the said several vacuum heat insulating material with which said 3rd heat insulation layer is provided.
  • the 3rd heat insulation layer is formed by abutting the end surfaces of the edge part of a vacuum heat insulating material. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the cold temperature from leaking from the joint of the third heat insulating layer, so that the heat insulating performance of the third heat insulating layer can be improved and the heat insulating performance of the inner heat insulating layer can be relatively improved by the third heat insulating layer. It can be made even better. Thereby, the heat insulation performance of a heat insulation structure can be made more excellent.
  • a portion of the third heat insulating layer where the end surfaces of the vacuum heat insulating material are abutted with each other is filled with a filling heat insulating material different from the vacuum heat insulating material. May be.
  • the filling heat insulating material is provided at the joint of the third heat insulating layer. Therefore, it is possible to further suppress the cold temperature from leaking from the joint of the third heat insulating layer. Thereby, the heat insulation performance of a heat insulation structure can be made more excellent.
  • said 1st heat insulation layer and said 2nd heat insulation layer are provided with several heat insulation panel, and the said heat insulation panel is arrange
  • the seam of the second heat insulating layer is covered with the vacuum heat insulating material forming the third heat insulating layer, and the seam of the first heat insulating layer is covered with the heat insulating panel forming the second heat insulating layer. It will be. Therefore, it is possible to effectively suppress the cold temperature in the container casing from transferring heat to the outside air by transmitting the seams of the respective heat insulating layers. Thereby, the heat insulation performance of a heat insulation structure can be made more excellent.
  • the displacement of the position of the abutting portion means a displacement on the projection view when the projection view is assumed from the inside to the outside.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material may be formed by the first heat insulating layer or the second heat insulating material in a state where the entire inner surface facing the container housing is not bonded to the outer surface of the second heat insulating layer.
  • the structure may be mechanically fixed to the layer.
  • the adjacent vacuum heat insulating material may be arranged such that the distance from the container housing is equal.
  • the variation in temperature distribution on the inner surface of the vacuum heat insulating material can be reduced. Therefore, variation in the heat shrinkage of the vacuum heat insulating material due to uneven temperature distribution can be suppressed. As a result, it becomes possible to effectively suppress embrittlement or breakage of the outer packaging material of the vacuum heat insulating material, so that the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating structure can be well maintained over a period of time.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material includes a fibrous core material and a bag-shaped outer packaging material having gas barrier properties, and the core material is sealed in a vacuum state inside the outer packaging material. And a structure having an explosion-proof structure that suppresses or prevents rapid deformation of the vacuum heat insulating material.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material has an explosion-proof structure, even if the vacuum heat insulating material located outside is exposed to a harsh environment and the residual gas inside expands, the vacuum heat insulating material rapidly Deformation can be effectively avoided. Therefore, since the excellent explosion-proof property can be exhibited, the stability of the vacuum heat insulating material can be further improved.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material is configured as a heat insulating panel in which the outer packaging material is completely covered with a foamed resin layer, and the explosion-proof structure includes the foamed resin layer after foaming.
  • achieved by forming so that an organic type foaming agent may not remain may be sufficient.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material is further enclosed with the core material inside the outer packaging material and further includes an adsorbent that adsorbs residual gas therein, and the explosion-proof structure includes the adsorbent.
  • the adsorbent Is a chemical adsorption type that chemically adsorbs the residual gas, non-exothermic that does not generate heat due to adsorption of the residual gas, or a configuration that is realized by being a chemical adsorption type and non-exothermic. May be.
  • the explosion-proof structure is configured such that when the residual gas expands inside the outer packaging material, the expansion-relaxation portion releases the residual gas to the outside and relaxes the expansion. It may be a configuration realized by providing.
  • swelling mitigation part is a structure which is a site
  • the outer packaging material has an opening for decompressing the inside of the bag, and the opening has an inner surface as a heat-welded layer, and the heat-welded layers are connected to each other.
  • the inside of the bag can be sealed by heat welding in a contact state, and the sealing portion formed by heat welding of the opening has a thin portion where the thickness of the welding portion between the heat welding layers is small May be included.
  • the said outer packaging material is comprised from two lamination sheets, the one surface of the said lamination sheet is the said heat welding layer, and the said heat welding layers of the said lamination sheet are opposed to each other
  • a part of the peripheral edge of the laminated sheet is used as the opening, and heat sealing is performed so as to surround the remaining part of the peripheral edge excluding the opening, thereby forming a bag shape.
  • part thermally welded in the said peripheral part becomes the said sealing part containing two or more said thin parts may be sufficient.
  • the sealing portion includes a plurality of thick portions having a large thickness of the welding portion in addition to the plurality of thin portions, and the thick portion and the thin portion are:
  • the thin-walled portion may be arranged alternately so that the thin-walled portion is positioned between the thick-walled portions.
  • the container housing may have a shape including a curved surface.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material disposed adjacent to the curved surface can easily make the distance from the container housing equal. Thereby, variation in thermal contraction of the vacuum heat insulating material is suppressed and the reliability of the vacuum heat insulating material is improved, so that the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating structure can be favorably maintained over a period.
  • the LNG transport tanker 100 As shown in FIG. 1A, the LNG transport tanker 100 according to the present embodiment is a tank independent tank type tanker, and includes a plurality of spherical tanks 101 (five in FIG. 1A). The plurality of spherical tanks 101 are arranged in a line along the longitudinal direction of the hull 102. As shown in FIG. 1A, the LNG transport tanker 100 according to the present embodiment is a tank independent tank type tanker, and includes a plurality of spherical tanks 101 (five in FIG. 1A). The plurality of spherical tanks 101 are arranged in a line along the longitudinal direction of the hull 102. As shown in FIG.
  • each spherical tank 101 includes a heat insulating container 104, and the inside of the heat insulating container 104 is an internal space (fluid holding space) for storing (holding) liquefied natural gas (LNG). Yes. Further, most of the spherical tank 101 is externally supported by the hull 102, and the upper part thereof is covered by the cover 103.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the heat insulating container 104 includes a container housing 110 and a heat insulating structure 105 that insulates the outer surface of the container housing 110.
  • the container housing 110 is configured to hold a low-temperature substance stored at a temperature lower than normal temperature, such as LNG, and is made of a metal such as a stainless steel material or an aluminum alloy. Since the temperature of LNG is normally ⁇ 162 ° C., a specific container housing 110 may be made of an aluminum alloy having a thickness of about 50 mm. Alternatively, it may be made of stainless steel having a thickness of about 5 mm.
  • the heat insulating container 104 is fixed to the hull 102 by a support 106.
  • the support 106 is generally called a skirt and has a thermal brake structure.
  • the thermal brake structure is a structure in which, for example, stainless steel having a low thermal conductivity is inserted between an aluminum alloy and a low-temperature steel material, so that intrusion heat can be reduced.
  • the heat insulation structure 105 is a multilayer structure of a heat insulation layer disposed on the outside of the container housing 110.
  • the first heat insulation is provided in order from the container housing 110 toward the outside.
  • the multilayer structure includes the layer 111, the second heat insulating layer 112, and the third heat insulating layer 113.
  • the heat insulating structure 105 includes a portion where the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 exist independently, and the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 111. There is a portion where the heat insulating layer 112 is integrated.
  • a portion where the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 are integrated is referred to as an “integrated layer 33” for convenience.
  • the first heat insulating layer 111, the second heat insulating layer 112, and the integrated layer 33 are collectively configured as a heat insulating panel 30A.
  • the heat insulating panel 30A is made of a foamed resin heat insulating material such as styrene foam (polystyrene foam), polyurethane foam, or phenol foam, or an inorganic heat insulating material such as glass wool or pearlite filled in a heat insulating frame.
  • styrene foam polystyrene foam
  • polyurethane foam polyurethane foam
  • phenol foam an inorganic heat insulating material
  • glass wool or pearlite filled in a heat insulating frame a heat insulating frame.
  • a rectangular foam heat insulation panel 30A is arranged and fixed on the outside of the container casing 110 in units of several thousand sheets.
  • the thickness of the foam heat insulation panel 30A is not particularly limited.
  • the foam heat insulation panel 30A is made of bead method expanded polystyrene (EPS: Expandable Polystylene), and in this case, the thickness may be in the range of 300 mm to 400 mm.
  • EPS Expandable Polystylene
  • the foam heat insulation panel 30A is an integrated layer 33 in which the first heat insulation layer 111 and the second heat insulation layer 112 are integrated, but the first heat insulation layer is provided on the outer periphery of the foam heat insulation panel 30A.
  • the edge part 31 which consists only of 111 and the edge part 32 which consists only of the 2nd heat insulation layer 112 are included.
  • the integrated layer 33 is the main body, and the protrusions (the edge 31 and the edge 32) projecting outward with a half thickness of the main body around the main body.
  • a step is formed on the outer surface of the foam heat insulation panel 30A, and the inner surface (surface facing the container housing 110) is flat on the inner protrusion, that is, the edge 31 and the foam.
  • a step is formed on the inner side surface of the heat insulating panel 30 ⁇ / b> A, and an outer protrusion or edge 32 having a flat outer surface is included.
  • foam heat insulating panels 30 ⁇ / b> A are arranged adjacent to each other, as shown in FIG. 2, an edge portion 31 (inner protruding portion) made of only the first heat insulating layer 111 and an edge portion 32 made of only the second heat insulating layer 112. After matching (outside protrusion), the respective steps (first heat insulating layer 111 and second heat insulating layer 112) are overlapped. Thereby, foam insulation panel 30A can be stably arranged adjacently.
  • an inner heat insulating layer made of the foam heat insulating panel 30A is formed outside the container housing 110, and an outer heat insulating layer (third heat insulating layer 113) made of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is further formed outside thereof.
  • the inner heat insulating layer includes a portion made of the integrated layer 33 and a portion made of the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112.
  • the third heat insulating layer 113 using the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is provided outside the second heat insulating layer 112 or the integrated layer 33.
  • the vacuum heat insulating materials 20 ⁇ / b> A are adjacently arranged so that the end surfaces of the edge portions are abutted with each other.
  • the outer periphery of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is formed as a fin-like sealing portion 24 (or sealing fin), and this sealing portion 24 is arranged so as to be folded inward on the lower temperature side. Has been. Therefore, the sealing part 24 is located between the main body of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A and the foam heat insulating panel 30A.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A may be integrated with the outer surface of the foam heat insulating panel 30A, or may be overlapped with the outer side of the foam heat insulating panel 30A without being integrated. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the butt portion between the vacuum heat insulating materials 20A, that is, the joint position of the third heat insulating layer 113 is located outside the butt portion between the foam heat insulating panels 30A, ie, the second heat insulating layer 112. The positions of the seams may substantially coincide with each other, and the positions of the seams of the respective heat insulating layers may be shifted as exemplified in the second embodiment described later.
  • the filled heat insulating materials 14 and 15 are filled in the butted portion between the foam heat insulating panels 30A and the butted portion between the vacuum heat insulating materials 20A. Filling heat insulating materials 14 and 15 are filled in gaps between the butted portions in order to ensure heat insulation between the butted portions of the foam heat insulating panel 30A and the vacuum heat insulating material 20A.
  • micro glass wool having a fiber diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m is used as the filling heat insulating materials 14 and 15, but is not limited thereto, has heat insulating properties, and is flexible and rich in elasticity. Any material can be used.
  • soft urethane phenol foam containing a reinforcing component
  • polyurethane foam containing a reinforcing component and the like can be given. If it is a resin foam containing a reinforcing component, an expansion behavior close to the linear expansion coefficient of the container housing 110 can be realized.
  • part of 20 A of vacuum heat insulating materials is the filling heat insulating material 30A filled in the butt
  • a gap may be provided for filling.
  • a space formed between the vacuum heat insulating material 20A and the container housing 110 is also possible. It is possible to improve the heat insulation state of the space). Therefore, the heat insulating performance of the foam heat insulating panel 30A can be relatively improved.
  • the filling heat insulating material 15 is used as the filling heat insulating material 15.
  • the filling heat insulating material 15 restrains expansion and contraction of the vacuum heat insulating material 20 ⁇ / b> A, and crack damage and the like of the outer packaging material 22 can be effectively suppressed.
  • casing 110 is not specifically limited, A well-known method can be used suitably.
  • the heat insulation structure 105 is being fixed with the fastening member 13 comprised from the volt
  • a nut 13b is bonded and fixed to the container housing 110 by a technique such as welding, and a bolt 13a is inserted into the nut 13b so as to penetrate from the outside of the third heat insulating layer 113 (vacuum heat insulating material 20A). Inserted and screwed together.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is provided with a through hole whose periphery is sealed, the inside of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is maintained in a vacuum state.
  • the part to which the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is fastened is not particularly limited.
  • the through hole may be provided in the center of the square vacuum heat insulating material 20A, and the bolt 13a may be inserted into the through hole.
  • the fastening member 13 a known member other than the bolt 13a and the nut 13b can be used.
  • the bolt 13a of the fastening member 13 is screwed into the nut 13b of the container housing 110 in a state of penetrating not only the foam heat insulating panel 30A but also the vacuum heat insulating material 20A. Therefore, the vacuum heat insulating material 20A can be disposed outside the foam heat insulating panel 30A without bonding the entire inner side surface to the outer side surface of the foam heat insulating panel 30A with an adhesive or the like. In this state, the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is free from expansion and contraction due to heat of the foam heat insulating panel 30A.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is provided on the outer side of the foam heat insulating panel 30A which is an inner heat insulating layer, and is an outer heat insulating layer in contact with outside air in the present embodiment.
  • the foam heat insulation panel 30 ⁇ / b> A constitutes the first heat insulation layer 111 and the second heat insulation layer 112 (and the integrated layer 33), and thus is easily cooled by the cold temperature from the container housing 110. Therefore, a difference is likely to occur between the heat shrinkage behavior of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A and the heat shrinkage behavior of the foam heat insulating panel 30A.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A has a foam heat insulating panel 30A (first surface) in a state where the entire inner surface is not bonded to the outer surface of the foam heat insulating panel 30A (second heat insulating layer 112). It is mechanically fixed to the heat insulation layer 111 or the second heat insulation layer 112).
  • the entire vacuum heat insulating material 20A It is possible to effectively suppress the possibility of warping deformation or cracking or the like in the outer packaging material (described later) on the inner surface due to repeated stretching and stretching.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A only needs to be mechanically fixed to at least the container housing 110 by the fastening member 13 or the like. However, the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is partially partially outside the foam heat insulating panel 30A (second heat insulating layer 112 or It may be adhesively fixed to the integrated layer 33).
  • the central portion of the square vacuum heat insulating material 20A is bonded to a pin point with a known adhesive and an appropriate portion of the outer peripheral portion is fastened with the fastening member 13 can be exemplified, but there is no particular limitation.
  • the third heat insulating layer 113 formed using the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 (and integrated) formed using the foam heat insulating panel 30A. It covers almost the entire surface of the layer 33).
  • the almost entire surface here means 85% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more of the outer surface of the second heat insulating layer 112 and the integrated layer 33 (that is, the outer surface of the foam heat insulating panel 30A), Particularly preferably, it means 98% or more.
  • the heat insulating property of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A constituting the third heat insulating layer 113 is a foam heat insulating material that forms the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 (and the integrated layer 33 in which they are integrated). It is lower than the panel 30A.
  • the third heat insulating layer 113 (outer heat insulating layer) has a lower thermal conductivity than the second heat insulating layer 112 (inner heat insulating layer), and is outside the second heat insulating layer 112. It covers almost the entire surface.
  • the heat transfer from the inside of the container housing 110 toward the outside can be greatly reduced, and the high heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A that is the third heat insulating layer 113 can be effectively exhibited.
  • the third heat insulating layer 113 can effectively suppress the penetration of outside air heat into the inside. Therefore, the temperature between the third heat insulating layer 113 and the container housing 110, that is, the temperature of the portion where the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 are installed can be significantly reduced.
  • the high heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A constituting the third heat insulating layer 113 and the heat insulating performance of the first heat insulating layer 111, the second heat insulating layer 112, and the integrated layer 33 Due to this synergistic effect, the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating structure 105 can be made extremely high.
  • the third heat insulating layer 113 is configured by arranging the vacuum heat insulating material 20A side by side on the outer side of the second heat insulating layer 112 or the integrated layer 33, and it is not necessary to overlap the vacuum heat insulating material 20A. It is possible to reduce the usage amount of the expensive vacuum heat insulating material 20A.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20 ⁇ / b> A includes a core material 21, an outer packaging material (covering material) 22, and an adsorbent 23.
  • the core material 21 and the adsorbent 23 are sealed inside the outer packaging material 22 in a reduced-pressure sealed state (substantially vacuum state).
  • the outer packaging material 22 is a bag-shaped member having a gas barrier property.
  • the two laminated sheets 220 are opposed to each other and the periphery thereof is sealed by the sealing portion 24 to form a bag shape. Yes.
  • the sealing portion 24 is formed in a fin shape extending from the main body of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A toward the outer periphery.
  • the core material 21 is a fibrous member.
  • a glass fiber produced by a centrifugation method having an average fiber diameter of 4 ⁇ m is used.
  • flame retardancy can be improved as compared with the case of using organic fibers.
  • the glass fiber may not be fired, but the fired glass fiber can improve the stability of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A.
  • the outer packaging material 22 on the inner side surface may be embrittled due to low temperature.
  • the degree of dimensional change of the core material 21 can be effectively suppressed even if the bag breakage due to the embrittlement of the outer packaging material 22 occurs.
  • the core material 21 undergoes dimensional deformation. If the glass fiber is not fired, its dimensional deformation is more than twice (generally about 5-6 times), so the outer packaging material 22 breaks and the core material 21 undergoes dimensional deformation. Sometimes, the thickness of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A increases. On the other hand, when the baked glass fiber is used, the dimensional deformation can be suppressed to about 1.2 times, and at most 1.5 times or less. Therefore, even if the core material 21 undergoes dimensional deformation, the influence on the vacuum heat insulating material 20A can be suppressed.
  • the glass fiber manufactured by the centrifugal method is used as the core material 21, but the method of manufacturing the glass fiber is not limited to the centrifugal method, and a known manufacturing method such as a papermaking method (previously water It is also possible to employ a method in which the glass fiber dispersed in is formed into a paper and dehydrated.
  • a papermaking method is a method for reducing the thickness of the glass fiber, even if the glass fiber produced by the papermaking method is used as the core material 21, the dimensional deformation tends to be small. Therefore, even if the outer packaging material 22 is broken, it is possible to suppress the influence caused by the dimensional deformation of the core material 21.
  • the laminated sheet 220 has a configuration in which three layers of a surface protective layer 221, a gas barrier layer 222, and a heat welding layer 223 are laminated in this order.
  • the surface protective layer 221 includes a nylon film having a thickness of 35 ⁇ m
  • the gas barrier layer 222 includes an aluminum foil having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m
  • the heat welding layer 223 includes a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
  • a low density polyethylene film is a low density polyethylene film.
  • the adsorbent 23 penetrates slightly from the residual gas (including water vapor) released from the fine voids of the core material 21 after the core material 21 is sealed under reduced pressure inside the outer packaging material 22, the sealing portion 24, and the like.
  • the outside air (including water vapor) is absorbed and removed.
  • the adsorbent 23 is sealed in a known container. This container is sealed in a sealed state under reduced pressure together with the core material 21 inside the outer packaging material 22, and then, for example, a hole is opened by an external force. Thereby, the adsorption performance of the adsorbent 23 can be exhibited.
  • the flame retardant layer 225 is formed on the surface of the outer packaging material 22 (outside the surface protective layer 221), and in this embodiment, a commercially available aluminum tape (for example, a thickness of 50 ⁇ m) is used. .
  • a commercially available aluminum tape for example, a thickness of 50 ⁇ m
  • flame resistance can be imparted to the vacuum heat insulating material 20A.
  • the aluminum tape has conductivity, even if some current due to electric leakage or the like is transmitted to the vacuum heat insulating material 20A, the current can be released. Thereby, the possibility that an electric current passes through the inside of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is reduced, and the inside of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A can be substantially electrically shielded (giving electrical shielding properties).
  • the flame retardant layer 225 may be a sheet (aluminum sheet), a plate (aluminum plate), or the like.
  • the term “aluminum” as used herein includes not only an aluminum simple substance but also an aluminum alloy.
  • other metals for example, copper, stainless steel, titanium, etc.
  • the flame retardant layer 225 only needs to have flame retardancy and conductivity, but it is desirable that the flame retardant layer 225 has good durability from the viewpoint of imparting good flame retardancy to the vacuum heat insulating material 20A.
  • UL510FR is a flame retardance specification of US Insurer Safety Laboratory (UL: Underwriters Laboratories).
  • the sealing part protective layer 27 may be a flame-retardant layer configured to cover the outer peripheral part of the fin-like sealing part 24, that is, the part where the cross section of the laminated sheet 220 is exposed.
  • the sealing portion protective layer 27 is configured by attaching a tape made of vinyl chloride to the sealing portion 24, but is not limited thereto, and is formed of a known flame-retardant material.
  • a tape-like or sheet-like material or a known sealing material (sealer) having flame retardancy can be used.
  • the flame retardant required for the sealing part protective layer 27 may be UL510FR-compliant or higher.
  • the sealing part protective layer 27 has electrical insulation in addition to flame retardancy.
  • the formation of the flame retardant layer 225 and the sealing portion protective layer 27 is not essential.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A may have good flame retardancy and electrical shielding properties. preferable. Therefore, by providing either one or both of the flame retardant layer 225 and the sealing portion protective layer 27, the reliability and durability of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A can be improved.
  • the heat insulating container 104 includes the heat insulating structure 105 provided on the outer side of the container housing 110, and the heat insulating structure 105 includes the first heat insulating layer 111 and the inner heat insulating layer.
  • the multilayer structure includes the second heat insulating layer 112, the integrated layer 33, and the third heat insulating layer 113 provided outside the second heat insulating layer 112. A low-temperature substance such as LNG is held inside the container housing 110.
  • the heat insulating layer 113 is composed of a vacuum heat insulating material 20A having excellent heat insulating performance. That is, the heat of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A constituting the third heat insulating layer 113 is higher than that of the polystyrene foam constituting the first heat insulating layer 111, the second heat insulating layer 112, and the integrated layer 33 (inner heat insulating layer).
  • the conductivity ⁇ is greatly reduced.
  • the vacuum of the third heat insulating layer 113 is maintained. It becomes possible to prevent effectively by the heat insulating material 20A, and the leak to the cold outside air can be greatly reduced.
  • the outer surface of the inner heat insulating layer is almost entirely covered with the vacuum heat insulating material 20A. Therefore, the excellent heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A can be expected to have an effect of substantially blocking heat transfer from the outside air to the inner heat insulating layer. Thereby, since the possibility that the atmospheric temperature in the region where the inner heat insulating layer exists (inner heat insulating region) can be effectively suppressed due to outside air, the heat insulating performance of the inner heat insulating layer can be relatively improved.
  • the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating structure 105 can be made extremely excellent by the synergistic effect of the excellent heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A itself and the heat insulating performance relatively improved by the inner heat insulating layer.
  • the inner heat insulating layer includes not only a single layer structure such as the integrated layer 33 but also a portion having a two-layer structure in which the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 are overlapped. In this two-layer structure portion, an air layer is formed between the layers, and material continuity is broken.
  • the integrated layer 33 is a single continuous layer in the thickness direction as one foamed polystyrene layer, but the two-layer structure portion of the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112. Then, there is no continuity between the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112, and the first heat insulating layer 111 is disconnected. Thereby, since the inner heat insulating layer of the heat insulating structure 105 is at least partially multilayered, the heat insulating performance is improved by the three-layer structure including the third heat insulating layer 113 (vacuum heat insulating material 20A).
  • the portion of the two-layer structure corresponds to the abutting portion (the joint between the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 and the integrated layer 33) between the foam heat insulating panels 30A.
  • the internal cold temperature is likely to leak from the abutting portion between the heat insulation panels.
  • the joint portion since the joint portion has a two-layer structure, the vicinity of the seam of the second heat insulating layer 112 can be multi-layered, so that cold temperature leakage from the seam can be effectively reduced. .
  • the filling heat insulating material 14 is filled in the gaps (the gaps between the edges 31 and 32 of the foam heat insulation panel 30A) that serve as joints.
  • the filling heat insulating material 15 is filled also between 20A of vacuum heat insulating materials.
  • the third heat insulating layer 113 can be substantially composed of a single layer of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A. Therefore, since it is possible to suppress an increase in the number of sheets of the relatively effective vacuum heat insulating material 20A used, it is possible to save resources when manufacturing the heat insulating container 104.
  • the amount of cold leak from the joint of the inner heat insulating layer (the two-layer structure of the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112) is reduced. Therefore, embrittlement due to the low temperature of the outer packaging material 22 can be suppressed, and warpage deformation and the like of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A can also be suppressed. Thereby, it becomes possible to hold
  • the inner heat insulating layer can be made particularly thin. Therefore, if the overall size of the heat insulating container 104 does not change, the internal volume of the container housing 110 can be increased (see the example described later).
  • LNG boil-off gas is generally used as a fuel, but the insulated container 104 according to the present embodiment is used as a spherical tank 101 of such an LNG transport tanker 100. If it is used, generation
  • the first heat insulating layer 111, the second heat insulating layer 112, and the integrated layer 33 are configured as an integral foam heat insulating panel 30A. It arrange
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is disposed on the outer surface of the inner heat insulating layer, the distance from the low temperature material such as LNG to the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is substantially the same over the entire region. Therefore, the transmission of the cold temperature from the inside of the container housing 110, that is, the amount of the cold temperature leak is substantially equal over the entire inner heat insulating layer.
  • the butt portion (seam) where the cold temperature is likely to leak as compared to the main body (integrated layer 33) of the foam heat insulating panel 30A has a two-layer structure of the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112.
  • the difference in heat insulation performance between the main body and the seam can be reduced.
  • the temperature distribution on the inner side surface of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A that is, the surface where the inner heat insulating layer and the vacuum heat insulating material 20A are in contact with each other can be made more equal.
  • the fin-shaped sealing portion 24 of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is folded inward, the cold temperature leakage that occurs through the fin-shaped sealing portion 24 is effectively suppressed.
  • an inorganic fiber such as glass fiber is used for the core material 21 of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A, a flame retardant layer 225 covering the main body of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is provided, or a flame retardant seal is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the sealing portion 24.
  • the stop protection layer 27 the flame retardancy of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A can be improved. As a result, even if a fire occurs outside, it is possible to effectively suppress similar burning into the heat insulating container 104 due to the flame retardancy of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is laminated and disposed without being completely fixed to the foam heat insulating panel 30A having different heat shrinkage behavior or heat shrinkage rate.
  • damage of the outer packaging material 22 of 20 A of vacuum heat insulating materials can be suppressed favorably.
  • the possibility that the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is stretched or contracted due to the heat shrinkage is substantially prevented. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the possibility that the mechanical strength is reduced due to repeated tension expansion and contraction and the outer packaging material 22 is damaged such as a crack, and it is possible to maintain good heat insulation performance over a long period of time.
  • the decrease in the mechanical strength of the outer packaging material 22 (and the laminated sheet 220 constituting the outer packaging material 22) is evaluated by measuring the tensile strength of the outer packaging material 22.
  • the sample to be measured such as the outer packaging material 22 or the laminated sheet 220
  • the strength is measured, and the evaluation is based on how much the tensile strength in a low-temperature environment decreases from the tensile strength in a normal-temperature environment.
  • the low temperature environment can be realized by mixing ethanol, liquid nitrogen, and dry ice at -100 ° C, and can be realized by liquid nitrogen at -196 ° C.
  • the third heat insulating layer 113 composed of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A covers almost the entire surface of the foam heat insulating panel 30A, the surface temperature of the foam heat insulating panel 30A (the second heat insulating layer 112 or the integrated layer 33). It is also possible to suppress the variation in the temperature outside) due to environmental changes. Thereby, since heat contraction of the foam heat insulation panel 30A itself is suppressed, the difference in the heat shrinkage behavior between the vacuum heat insulating material 20A and the foam heat insulation panel 30A can be reduced.
  • unevenness in heat distribution is likely to occur between the sunlit portion and the shaded portion of the heat insulating structure 105.
  • the unevenness of heat distribution has a great influence on the heat shrinkage behavior of the entire foam heat insulation panel 30A, and may cause a partial difference in the heat shrinkage rate of the foam heat insulation panel 30A.
  • the foam heat insulation panel 30A is thermally insulated from external air by the vacuum heat insulating material 20A, the deformation
  • generation of a gap between the third heat insulating layer 113 and the second heat insulating layer 112 can be satisfactorily suppressed, and deformation or breakage of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A constituting the third heat insulating layer 113 can be suppressed. Can do. Thereby, the reliability of the heat insulation structure 105 can be improved.
  • the configuration shown in FIG. 2 is given as a representative example of the heat insulating structure 105, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the fastening member 13 passes through the integrated layer 33 of the foam heat insulating panel 30 ⁇ / b> A to fix the foam heat insulating panel 30 ⁇ / b> A to the container housing 110.
  • the fixing method by 13 is not limited to this.
  • FIG. 2 As shown in FIG. 2, the fastening member 13 passes through the integrated layer 33 of the foam heat insulating panel 30 ⁇ / b> A to fix the foam heat insulating panel 30 ⁇ / b> A to the container housing 110.
  • the fastening member 13 is penetrated through a portion where the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 are overlapped, thereby the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating material together with the vacuum heat insulating material 20A.
  • the layer 112 may be fastened together.
  • the fastening location of the foam heat insulation panel 30A (and the vacuum heat insulating material 20A) by the fastening member 13 is not particularly limited, and may be fastened at a suitable location according to various conditions.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is not mechanically fastened by the fastening member 13, but may be bonded and fixed to the foam heat insulating panel 30A by a known adhesive 16, as shown in FIG.
  • the adhesive 16 is applied to a plurality of locations on the inner surface of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A, and is adhered and pasted to the outer surface of the foam heat insulating panel 30A.
  • the adhesive 16 include known hot melt adhesives, but are not particularly limited.
  • examples of the plurality of bonding locations include four corners and the vicinity of the center, but are not particularly limited.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the position of the seam of the third heat insulation layer 113 and the position of the seam of the second heat insulation layer 112 are intentionally shifted as illustrated in the second embodiment to be described later.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A may be arranged.
  • the heat insulating structure 105 includes the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112, and the portion where the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 are integrated (integrated layer 33). ), But in the second embodiment, the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 are completely independent layers and do not include the integrated layer 33. Yes. In the second embodiment, the heat insulating structure 105 having such a configuration will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • the first heat insulating layer 111 is configured by arranging a large number of foam heat insulating panels 30 ⁇ / b> B on the outside of the container housing 110.
  • the second heat insulating layer 112 is configured by arranging a large number of foam heat insulating panels 30B
  • the third heat insulating layer 113 is formed by arranging a large number of vacuum heat insulating materials 20A outside the second heat insulating layer 112. It is configured.
  • the filling heat insulating material 14 is provided between the joint of the first heat insulating layer 111 and the joint of the second heat insulating layer 112, that is, between the butted portions of the foam heat insulating panels 30B.
  • Filled heat insulating material 15 is filled between the joints of the third heat insulating layer 113, that is, between the butted portions of the vacuum heat insulating materials 20A.
  • the fin-like sealing portion 24 of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is arranged so as to be folded inward on the lower temperature side, as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the sealing part 24 is located between the main body of the vacuum heat insulating material 20 ⁇ / b> A and the foam heat insulating panel 30 ⁇ / b> B constituting the second heat insulating layer 112.
  • the first heat insulating layer 111, the second heat insulating layer 112, and the third heat insulating layer 113 are fixed to the container housing 110 by a fastening member 13 including a bolt 13a and a nut 13b. ing.
  • the basic structure of the foam heat insulation panel 30B is the same as that of the foam heat insulation panel 30A demonstrated in the said Embodiment 1, the description is abbreviate
  • the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 are configured as heat insulating layers which are completely separated independently. Therefore, an air layer is formed between these heat insulating layers, and material continuity is broken. Thereby, since the cold temperature from the container housing
  • the position of the seam of the first heat insulation layer 111, the position of the seam of the second heat insulation layer 112, and the position of the seam of the third heat insulation layer 113 are all different. Specifically, when a projection view is assumed from the inside to the outside of the container housing 110, the joint of the outer third heat insulating layer 113 (the butt portion between the vacuum heat insulating materials 20A) is the inner second heat insulating. The seam of the layer 112 (the abutting portion between the foam heat insulation panels 30B) is shifted without overlapping, and the seam of the second heat insulation layer 112 is connected to the seam of the first heat insulation layer 111 (foam heat insulation panel 30B). The positions are not overlapped with each other.
  • the abutting portion between the vacuum heat insulating materials 20 ⁇ / b> A is located at a position shifted from the extension line of the abutting portion between the foam heat insulating panels 30 ⁇ / b> B constituting the second heat insulating layer 112, and the foam constituting the second heat insulating layer 112.
  • the abutting part between the body heat insulating panels 30B can also be expressed as being shifted from the extension line of the abutting part between the foam heat insulating panels 30B constituting the first heat insulating layer 111.
  • the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 are both configured by the same type of foam heat insulating panel 30 ⁇ / b> B.
  • the heat insulating panel constituting 111 and the heat insulating panel constituting the second heat insulating layer 112 may be different.
  • the thermal insulation panel constituting the first thermal insulation layer 111 is the foam thermal insulation panel 30 ⁇ / b> B made of polystyrene foam (especially EPS) as in FIG. 6, but constitutes the second thermal insulation layer 112.
  • the heat insulating panel is a foam heat insulating panel 30C made of urethane foam.
  • the second heat insulation layer 112 has better heat insulation performance than the first heat insulation layer 111. It will be. Thereby, since the heat insulation layer excellent in heat insulation performance is located outside rather than the inside, the inner first heat insulation layer 111 is well insulated by the outer second heat insulation layer 112.
  • the low temperature state of the first heat insulating layer 111 is well maintained, It can suppress effectively that cold temperature leaks outside.
  • the joint of the first heat insulating layer 111 is covered with the foam heat insulating panel 30C constituting the second heat insulating layer 112, it is possible to effectively suppress the leakage of cold temperature from the joint.
  • the heat insulation performance of the second heat insulation layer 112 may not be clearly superior to the heat insulation performance of the first heat insulation layer 111, but may be the same level. Therefore, the second heat insulating layer 112 only needs to have a heat insulating performance equal to or higher than that of the first heat insulating layer 111. Therefore, the thermal insulation panel used for the second thermal insulation layer 112 is not necessarily different from the thermal insulation panel used for the first thermal insulation layer 111.
  • the heat insulating panel used for the second heat insulating layer 112 may be made of the same material as the heat insulating panel used for the first heat insulating layer 111. For example, the heat insulating performance is improved by changing the foaming density. It can also be made.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20 ⁇ / b> A is not mechanically fastened by the fastening member 13 but is bonded and fixed to the foam heat insulating panel 30 ⁇ / b> A by the known adhesive 16. May be. Note that the type of the adhesive 16, the bonding location, and the like are the same as in the modification of the first embodiment (see FIG. 5).
  • the metal mesh 17 is provided between the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 and between the second heat insulating layer 112 and the third heat insulating layer 113. It may be provided.
  • the metal mesh 17 functions as a member for supporting the fastening member 13 between the heat insulating layers.
  • the foam heat insulating panel 30B and the vacuum heat insulating material 20A are fixed by tightening 13a.
  • bolt 13a when providing the metal mesh 17 between each heat insulation layer, even if the volt
  • part) of the edge part of the foam heat insulation panel 30B is a flat surface
  • this invention is not limited to this, It demonstrates in the said Embodiment 1.
  • step difference may be sufficient like 30A of foamed heat insulation panels.
  • the abutting portion between the foam heat insulation panels 30B partially has a multilayer structure of four or more layers, and it is possible to more effectively suppress the leakage of cold temperature from the joint.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A used in the first or second embodiment is the outer packaging material 22 having the same configuration on the outer surface and the inner surface.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, shown in FIG.
  • the inner outer packaging material constituting the inner side surface may be configured to have higher low temperature resistance than the outer outer packaging material constituting the outer side surface.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20B having such a configuration will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20B shown in FIG. 10 is basically the same as the vacuum heat insulating material 20A described in the first embodiment (see FIG. 3), and the outer laminated sheet 220A on the upper side in FIG. Similar to the laminated sheet 220 described in the first embodiment, it has a three-layer structure of a surface protective layer 221 made of nylon film, a gas barrier layer 222 made of aluminum foil, and a heat welding layer 223 made of low-density polyethylene film. .
  • the inner laminated sheet 220B on the lower side in the figure is the same as the outer laminated sheet 220A in the surface protective layer 221 and the heat welding layer 223, but instead of the gas barrier layer 222 made of aluminum foil, aluminum vapor deposition is performed.
  • This is a low temperature resistant gas barrier layer 226 composed of layers.
  • the inner laminated sheet 220B may have a structure in which the gas barrier layer 222 made of aluminum foil is multilayered.
  • the inner side surface of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is affected by a very low cold temperature inside the container housing 110, although an inner heat insulating layer such as the foam heat insulating panel 30A or the foam heat insulating panel 30B is interposed. Therefore, the inner laminated sheet 220B (inner outer packaging material) constituting the inner surface is configured to have higher low-temperature resistance than the outer laminated sheet 220A (outer outer packaging material) constituting the outer surface.
  • an aluminum vapor-deposited layer or a multilayered aluminum foil is superior in low-temperature resistance compared to a single-layer aluminum foil. Thereby, since the low temperature tolerance of an inner outer packaging material improves, the embrittlement of the inner surface of the vacuum heat insulating material 20B can be suppressed favorably.
  • a single-layer aluminum foil is less expensive than an aluminum vapor-deposited layer, and a single-layer aluminum foil can be formed with less material than a multilayered aluminum foil. Therefore, the outer outer packaging material can be made of a material that is relatively cheaper than the inner outer packaging material, or can be made of a small amount of material. Therefore, an increase in the manufacturing cost of the vacuum heat insulating material 20B can be effectively suppressed.
  • the aluminum vapor deposited layer or the multilayered aluminum foil has higher heat insulation performance than the single layer aluminum foil. Therefore, in the vacuum heat insulating material 20B, the heat insulating performance of the inner side surface can be improved, so that the heat insulating performance of the entire heat insulating structure 105 can be improved.
  • the third heat insulating layer 113 is composed of the single-layer vacuum heat insulating material 20A.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, as shown in FIG. You may be comprised with the above vacuum heat insulating material 20A.
  • the heat insulating structure 105 having such a configuration will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 are configured by the foam heat insulating panel 30 ⁇ / b> B as in the second embodiment, and the third heat insulating layer 113 is also the same as that in the first or second embodiment. Similarly, it is composed of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A (see FIG. 6), but unlike the second embodiment, the layer of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A is doubled.
  • the second-layer vacuum heat insulating material 20A is arranged so as to be shifted from the first-layer vacuum heat insulating material 20A. Therefore, the butted portion between the first-layer vacuum heat insulating materials 20A and the second-layer vacuum heat insulating material 20A. They do not overlap with each other's butting site. Thereby, while being able to suppress the leak of cold temperature from the butt
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A described in the first embodiment is used for the third heat insulating layer 113, but the vacuum heat insulating material 20B described in the third embodiment is used instead. May be used.
  • the third heat insulating layer 113 may have a multilayer structure in which the vacuum heat insulating material 20A (or the vacuum heat insulating material 20B) is laminated in a triple layer or more.
  • the heat insulation structure 105 was comprised from the 1st heat insulation layer 111, the 2nd heat insulation layer 112, and the 3rd heat insulation layer 113, this invention is not limited to this.
  • the heat insulating structure 105 may include a fourth heat insulating layer 114.
  • the heat insulating structure 105 having such a configuration will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112 are formed of the foam heat insulating panel 30B as in the second embodiment, and the third heat insulating layer 113 is also the same as that of the first or second embodiment.
  • it is composed of the vacuum heat insulating material 20A (see FIG. 6), but the fourth heat insulating layer 114 is further provided outside the third heat insulating layer 113 by the foam heat insulating panel 30D.
  • the joint of the fourth heat insulation layer 114 that is, the butted portion between the foam heat insulation panels 30D is shifted so as not to overlap the position of the joint of the third heat insulation layer 113 inside.
  • the specific configuration of the foam heat insulation panel 30D is not particularly limited, and may be made of the same material as the foam heat insulation panel 30A or 30B exemplified in the first or second embodiment. Moreover, as illustrated in FIG. 7 in the second embodiment, the first heat insulating layer 111, the second heat insulating layer 112, and the fourth heat insulating layer 114 may be formed of heat insulating panels made of different materials.
  • the fourth heat insulating layer 114 By providing the fourth heat insulating layer 114 on the outer side of the third heat insulating layer 113, it is possible to suppress the leakage of cold temperature from the butt portion between the vacuum heat insulating materials 20A, and from outside air via the butt portion between the vacuum heat insulating materials 20A. Heat transfer can also be suppressed. Thereby, heat transfer inside and outside the container housing 110 can be reduced, and the ambient temperature in the region where the inner heat insulating layer (the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112) is present can be effectively maintained. The heat insulation performance of the entire structure 105 can be further improved.
  • the fourth heat insulating layer 114 is provided outside the third heat insulating layer 113, but a further outer heat insulating layer such as a fifth heat insulating layer may be provided.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A demonstrated in the said Embodiment 1 is used for the 3rd heat insulation layer 113, it may replace with this and the vacuum heat insulating material 20B demonstrated in the said Embodiment 3 may be used.
  • first heat insulating layer 111 and / or the second heat insulating layer 112 may be multilayered.
  • the inner heat insulating layer provided between the third heat insulating layer 113 and the container housing 110 may be two layers (the first heat insulating layer 111 and the second heat insulating layer 112), or three or more layers. There may be.
  • the outer heat insulating layer is not limited to the third heat insulating layer 113 constituted only by the vacuum heat insulating material 20A, and may be formed in a multilayer structure.
  • a vacuum heat insulating material 20C that is applicable to the first to fifth embodiments and has an explosion-proof structure that suppresses or prevents rapid deformation will be described with reference to FIGS. 13A to 17. This will be specifically described.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20C has the same configuration as the vacuum heat insulating material 20A described in the first embodiment or the vacuum heat insulating material 20B described in the third embodiment, and as illustrated in FIG. 13A.
  • the core material 21 is a fibrous member made of an inorganic material, and is enclosed inside the outer packaging material 22 in a reduced-pressure sealed state (substantially vacuum state).
  • the outer packaging material 22 is a bag-shaped member having a gas barrier property. In the present embodiment, the two laminated sheets 220 are opposed to each other and the periphery thereof is sealed by the sealing portion 24 to form a bag shape. Yes.
  • the core material 21 only needs to be composed of fibers (inorganic fibers) made of an inorganic material. Specific examples include glass fiber, ceramic fiber, slag wool fiber, rock wool fiber, and the like. Moreover, since it is preferable to shape
  • the core material 21 known fibers other than inorganic fibers may be used.
  • the inorganic fibers represented by glass fibers and the like have an average fiber diameter in the range of 4 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. Inside glass fibers (glass fibers having a relatively large fiber diameter) are used, and such glass fibers are fired and used as the core material 21.
  • the core material 21 is an inorganic fiber, it is possible to reduce a decrease in the degree of vacuum due to the release of residual gas from the components of the core material 21 inside the vacuum heat insulating material 20C. Furthermore, if the core material 21 is an inorganic fiber, the water absorption (hygroscopicity) of the core material 21 becomes low, so that the moisture content inside the vacuum heat insulating material 20C can be kept low.
  • the core material 21 does not swell greatly, and the shape as the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is maintained. be able to.
  • the swelling at the time of bag breaking can be 2 to 3 times that before bag breaking depending on various conditions.
  • the expansion at the time of bag breaking can be suppressed to 1.5 times or less. Therefore, by subjecting the inorganic fibers to be the core material 21 to the firing treatment, it is possible to effectively suppress the expansion at the time of bag breakage or breakage, and improve the dimension retention of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C.
  • the firing conditions of the inorganic fibers are not particularly limited, and various known conditions can be suitably used.
  • baking of inorganic fiber is a particularly preferable treatment in the present invention, it is not an essential treatment.
  • the laminated sheet 220 has a configuration in which three layers of a surface protective layer 221, a gas barrier layer 222, and a heat welding layer 223 are laminated in this order.
  • the surface protective layer 221 is a resin layer for protecting the outer surface of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C.
  • a known resin film such as a nylon film, a polyethylene terephthalate film, or a polypropylene film is used, but is not particularly limited.
  • the surface protective layer 221 may be composed of only one type of film, or may be composed of a plurality of laminated films.
  • the gas barrier layer 222 is a layer for preventing outside air from entering the inside of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C, and a known film having gas barrier properties can be suitably used.
  • a known film having gas barrier properties include metal foils such as aluminum foil, copper foil, and stainless steel foil, vapor-deposited films in which metal or metal oxide is vapor-deposited on a resin film serving as a substrate, and further on the surface of the vapor-deposited film.
  • the film etc. which gave the well-known coating process are mentioned, it is not specifically limited.
  • Examples of the base material used for the vapor deposition film include a polyethylene terephthalate film or an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer film, and examples of the metal or metal oxide include aluminum, copper, alumina, silica, and the like. There is no particular limitation.
  • the heat welding layer 223 is a layer for bonding the laminated sheets 220 to face each other, and also functions as a layer for protecting the surface of the gas barrier layer 222. That is, one surface (outer surface) of the gas barrier layer 222 is protected by the surface protective layer 221, while the other surface (inner surface, back surface) is protected by the heat welding layer 223. Since the core material 21 and the adsorbent 23 are sealed inside the vacuum heat insulating material 20C, the influence on the gas barrier layer 222 by the objects inside these is prevented or suppressed by the heat welding layer 223.
  • the heat welding layer 223 include a film made of a thermoplastic resin such as low density polyethylene, but are not particularly limited.
  • the laminated sheet 220 may include a layer other than the surface protective layer 221, the gas barrier layer 222, and the heat welding layer 223.
  • the gas barrier layer 222 and the heat welding layer 223 may be comprised only by one type of film similarly to the surface protective layer 221, and may be comprised by laminating
  • the specific configuration is not particularly limited as long as the condition that the layer has gas barrier properties is satisfied.
  • the laminated sheet 220 is formed as a bag-like outer packaging material 22 by thermally welding most of the peripheral edge in a state where two heat-welding layers 223 are arranged to face each other. Good. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 14, a part of the periphery of the laminated sheet 220 (upper left side as viewed in FIG. 14) is left as the opening 25, and the periphery of the periphery excluding the opening 25 is left. What is necessary is just to heat-weld the remainder so that a center part (part in which the core material 21 is accommodated) may be surrounded.
  • the adsorbent 23 penetrates slightly from the residual gas (including water vapor) released from the fine voids of the core material 21 after the core material 21 is sealed under reduced pressure inside the outer packaging material 22, the sealing portion 24, and the like.
  • the outside air (including water vapor) is absorbed and removed.
  • the specific kind of the adsorbent 23 is not particularly limited, and known materials including zeolite, calcium oxide, silica gel and the like can be suitably used.
  • the adsorbent 23 does not have a physical adsorption action, but preferably has a chemical adsorption action (chemical adsorption type), and the adsorbent 23 does not generate heat due to adsorption of residual gas (non-heat generation).
  • a non-flammable material preferably has a chemical adsorption action (chemical adsorption type), and the adsorbent 23 does not generate heat due to adsorption of residual gas (non-heat generation).
  • a powdery ZSM-5 type zeolite encapsulated in a known packaging material is used as the adsorbent 23 . If the ZSM-5 type zeolite is in a powder form, the surface area becomes large, so that the gas adsorption ability can be improved.
  • the ZSM-5 type zeolite at least 50% or more of the copper sites of the ZSM-5 type zeolite are copper monovalent sites.
  • the monovalent sites it is preferable to use those in which at least 50% or more are oxygen tricoordinate copper monovalent sites.
  • ZSM-5 type zeolite is a gas adsorbent having a chemical adsorption action. For this reason, for example, even if various environmental factors such as a temperature rise occur and may have some influence on the adsorbent 23, it is substantially prevented that the gas once adsorbed is re-released. Therefore, when handling the flammable fuel or the like, even if the adsorbent 23 adsorbs the flammable gas due to some influence, the gas is not re-released due to the subsequent temperature rise or the like. As a result, the explosion-proof property of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C can be further improved.
  • the adsorbent 23 in the present embodiment is substantially composed of a nonflammable material. Therefore, the flammable material is not used inside the vacuum heat insulating material 20C including the core material 21, and the explosion-proof property can be further improved.
  • the inorganic gas adsorbent include lithium (Li) and the like, and lithium is a combustible material.
  • the spherical tank 101 for LNG is illustrated as a use of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C (refer Embodiment 1 and FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B). Therefore, if such a flammable material is used as the adsorbent 23, it is needless to say that it is not suitable for a container that handles flammable fuel such as LNG, even if it is assumed that a large explosion does not occur. Yes.
  • the adsorbent 23 is a chemical adsorption type, the adsorbed residual gas is not easily separated as compared with the physical adsorption type, so that the degree of vacuum inside the vacuum heat insulating material 20C can be maintained well. it can.
  • the residual gas is not desorbed, it is possible to effectively prevent the residual gas from expanding inside the outer packaging material 22 and deforming the vacuum heat insulating material 20C. Therefore, the explosion-proof property and stability of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C can be improved.
  • the adsorbent 23 is a non-heat-generating material, a non-flammable material, or a material that satisfies both, the adsorbent can be used even if foreign matter enters the inside due to damage to the outer packaging material 22 or the like. It is possible to avoid the possibility of heat generation or combustion of 23. Therefore, the explosion-proof property and stability of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C can be improved.
  • the adsorbent 23 preferably has a chemical adsorption type that chemically adsorbs the residual gas, a non-exothermic property that does not generate heat due to the adsorption of the residual gas, or a chemical adsorption type and non-exothermic configuration.
  • This configuration corresponds to a configuration example 2 of an explosion-proof structure of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C described later.
  • the specific manufacturing method of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is not particularly limited, and a known manufacturing method can be suitably used.
  • the bag-shaped outer packaging material 22 is obtained by heat-sealing the peripheral edge portion so that the two laminated sheets 220 are overlapped to form the opening 25. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 14, the core material 21 and the adsorbent 23 may be inserted into the outer packaging material 22 from the opening 25 and decompressed in a decompression facility such as a decompression chamber. Thereby, the inside (bag interior) of the bag-shaped outer packaging material 22 is sufficiently depressurized from the opening 25 to be in a substantially vacuum state.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20C can be obtained.
  • Various conditions such as thermal welding and reduced pressure are not particularly limited, and various known conditions can be suitably employed.
  • the outer packaging material 22 is not limited to a configuration using two laminated sheets 220. For example, if one laminated sheet 220 is folded in half and both side edges are heat welded, a bag-like outer packaging material 22 having an opening 25 can be obtained. Alternatively, the laminated sheet 220 may be formed into a cylindrical shape and one opening may be sealed.
  • the outer packaging material 22 only has to have the opening 25 whose inner surface is the thermal welding layer 223.
  • the opening part 25 can be sealed by heat-welding in the state which heat-welded layers 223 were contacted. Therefore, if the opening 25 is sealed after decompression, the inside of the bag can be sealed.
  • the sealing portion 24 obtained by thermally welding the peripheral edge portion of the outer packaging material 22 may have any structure as long as the opposed heat-welding layers 223 are welded to each other to form a welding portion.
  • the sealing portion 24 preferably includes at least a plurality of thin portions 241, and more preferably includes a thick portion 242.
  • the thin-walled portion 241 is a portion where the thickness of the welded portion between the heat-welded layers 223 is smaller than the thickness of the heat-welded layer 223 simply overlapped, and the thick-walled portion 242 is welded between the heat-welded layers 223. It is a site
  • the sealing part 24 includes at least the thin part 241, it becomes difficult for outside air or the like to enter the vacuum heat insulating material 20 ⁇ / b> C from the sealing part 24.
  • the sealing part 24 includes the thin part 241, the permeation resistance of the outside air entering from the end face of the heat welding layer 223 increases. Therefore, intrusion of outside air can be effectively suppressed, and the possibility that the outside air that has entered inside the outer packaging material 22 expands and the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is deformed can be reduced. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 13B, if the thick portions 242 and the thin portions 241 are alternately arranged so that the thin portions 241 are positioned between the thick portions 242, the strength of the sealing portion 24 is improved. In addition, the heat conduction between the gas barrier layers 222 due to the thin wall portion 241 becoming a heat bridge can be effectively suppressed.
  • the sealing part 24 including two or more thin part 241 and the thick part 242.
  • a method disclosed in Patent Document 1 can be given.
  • the numbers of the thin portions 241 and the thick portions 242 are not particularly limited, and may be about 4 to 6 thin portions 241 depending on the width of the peripheral portion that becomes the sealing portion 24.
  • FIG. 20 C of vacuum heat insulating materials which concern on this Embodiment have an explosion-proof structure which suppresses or prevents the rapid deformation
  • FIG. the specific explosion-proof structure is not particularly limited, typically, for example, Configuration Example 1: Configuration in which the foamed resin layer 11 covering the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is formed so that no organic foaming agent remains after foaming.
  • Configuration Example 2 The adsorbent 23 enclosed with the core material 21 inside the outer packaging material 22 is a chemical adsorption type that chemically adsorbs the residual gas, or is non-exothermic that does not generate heat due to the adsorption of the residual gas.
  • a configuration that is a chemisorption type and non-heat generation, or configuration example 3 a configuration in which the outer packaging material 22 includes an expansion relaxation portion that releases residual gas to the outside and relaxes expansion, and the like.
  • Example 1 will be described together with a modified example of a vacuum heat insulating material panel described later. Further, since the configuration example 2 corresponds to a preferable example of the adsorbent 23 described above, a specific description thereof is omitted. In the following, the expansion relaxation part of the configuration example 3 will be specifically described.
  • the specific configuration of the expansion relaxation portion is not particularly limited, but representatively, check valves 26A and 26B as shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, or a strength reduction portion 243 as shown in FIG. .
  • the check valve 26A shown in FIG. 15 has a cap-like configuration that closes the valve hole 260 provided in a part of the outer packaging material 22.
  • the valve hole 260 is provided so as to penetrate the inside and outside of the outer packaging material 22, and the cap-like check valve 26A is made of an elastic material such as rubber.
  • the check valve 26A is made of an elastic material, so that the valve hole 260 can be closed well. . If the residual gas expands inside the outer packaging material 22, the check valve 26A is easily removed from the valve hole 260 as the internal pressure increases, and the residual gas is released to the outside.
  • the check valve 26B shown in FIG. 16 has a valve-like structure configured to block the cut portion 261 formed in a part of the outer packaging material 22.
  • the check valve 26B includes an outer portion 262 that functions as a valve body, an inner portion 263 that functions as a valve seat, and an adhesive layer 264 that adheres so that the outer portion 262 does not peel from the inner portion 263.
  • the outer portion 262 has a shape in which a part of the outer packaging material 22 extends in a band shape so as to cover the top of the cut portion 261 formed in the outer packaging material 22.
  • the inner portion 263 is a part of the outer packaging material 22 adjacent to the cut portion 261 and overlaps the outer portion 262.
  • the outer part 262 that is the valve body is seated on the inner part 263 that is the valve seat, and the cut portion 261 that is the valve hole is closed.
  • the outer portion 262 is prevented from rolling up and a stable seating state (closed state) is maintained. This substantially prevents outside air from entering the outer packaging material 22.
  • the adhesive layer 264 slightly bonds the outer portion 262 and the inner portion 263, and is therefore a valve body as the internal pressure increases.
  • the outer part 262 is easily swung up from the inner part 263 which is a valve seat. As a result, the internal residual gas is released to the outside.
  • part 243 shown in FIG. 17 is a site
  • FIG. 17 in both the schematic plan view and the upper and lower partial cross-sectional views, the welding portion 240 is illustrated as a blackened region.
  • a welding site 240 is formed so as to cover the entire sealing portion 24.
  • the inner side (core material 21 side) of the sealing portion 24 is not welded. Is also getting smaller.
  • the strength decreasing portion 243 is a part of the welding portion 240 in the sealing portion 24, the laminated sheets 220 that are the outer packaging material 22 are overlapped and sealed. Therefore, outside air basically cannot enter the outer packaging material 22 from the sealing portion 24. If the residual gas expands inside the outer packaging material 22, the pressure due to the increase in the internal pressure tends to concentrate on the strength-decreasing portion 243. Thereby, the heat welding layers 223 constituting the welding part 240 are peeled off, and the residual gas is released to the outside.
  • the strength reduction portion is not limited to a configuration in which the welding area of the welding portion 240 is partially reduced like the strength reduction portion 243 illustrated in FIG. 17, and the welding strength is partially reduced even if the welding area is the same. It may be a configuration. For example, when the heat-welding layers 223 are heat-welded, only a part of the heat may be reduced to weaken the degree of welding at the welding portion 240. Or you may provide an intensity
  • the strength-decreasing portion may be formed by using a part of the material of the heat-welding layer 223 as a material having a welding strength lower than that of other portions.
  • low-density polyethylene can be suitably used as the heat-welding layer 223, but a part of the heat-welding layer 223 is made of high-density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, or amorphous polyethylene. It may be terephthalate or the like. Since these polymer materials have a welding strength lower than that of low density polyethylene, they can be suitably used for forming a reduced strength portion.
  • an adhesive having a low adhesive strength is partially applied to a part of the region to be the welded portion 240 of the heat-welded layer 223 to partially reduce the thickness of the welded portion 240 between the heat-welded layers 223.
  • a structure in which the heat-welding layer 223 is partially peeled and the gas barrier layers 222 are directly heat-welded to each other in the region that becomes the sealing portion 24 of the laminated sheet 220 that interposes the gas barrier layer can also be employed.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is provided in the third heat insulating layer 113 (or the outer heat insulating layer), the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is exposed to a harsh environment when an accident or the like occurs. There is a risk. In this case, there is a possibility that the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is exposed to a harsh environment and the residual gas inside expands. On the other hand, if the vacuum heat insulating material 20C includes the expansion relaxation part as described above, even if the vacuum heat insulating material 20C located in the outermost layer is exposed to a harsh environment and the internal residual gas expands, The deformation of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C can be effectively avoided. Therefore, the explosion-proof property and stability of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C can be further improved.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20A, 20B or 20C is used in the third heat insulating layer 113.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the vacuum heat insulating materials 20A to 20C themselves are the heat insulating panel. It may be configured as.
  • a configuration in which the vacuum heat insulating material 20C described in the sixth embodiment is formed into a heat insulating panel will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 18A, 18B, 19A, and 19B.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 which can be used as the 3rd heat insulation layer 113 is comprised using 20C (or vacuum heat insulating material 20A, 20B) mentioned above. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B, the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 is completely covered with the outer packaging material 22 of the vacuum heat insulating material 20 ⁇ / b> C by the foamed resin layer 11.
  • the foamed resin layer 11 may be made of a known foamed resin such as polyurethane or polystyrene, but is preferably made of a styrene resin composition containing polystyrene.
  • the styrenic resin composition referred to here may be one containing polystyrene or a styrene copolymer as a resin component.
  • Polystyrene is a polymer obtained by polymerizing only styrene as a monomer
  • a styrene copolymer is a polymer obtained by polymerizing a compound having a chemical structure similar to styrene (styrene compound) as a monomer.
  • It may be a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a plurality of styrene compounds, or a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a styrene compound (including styrene) and other monomer compounds. Good.
  • examples of the styrene compound include o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, t-butyltoluene, divinylbenzene and the like in addition to styrene.
  • the styrene copolymer may be a polymer using a styrene compound (including styrene) as a monomer component, it may contain a monomer compound other than the styrene compound as described above.
  • styrene-based compound it is only necessary that 50 mol% or more of the styrene-based compound is contained in all the monomer components.
  • monomer compounds other than styrene compounds are not particularly limited, and known compounds copolymerizable with styrene (for example, olefin compounds such as ethylene, propylene, butene, butadiene, 2-methyl-propylene, etc.) ) Can be suitably used.
  • the resin component used in the styrene resin composition at least one kind of polystyrene or styrene copolymer (collectively referred to as styrene resin) may be used, but two or more kinds of styrene resins are used. May be.
  • styrene resin in addition to the styrene resin, a known resin, for example, an olefin resin such as a polyolefin or an olefin copolymer may be used in combination. At this time, styrene resin should just be 50 weight% or more among all the resin components contained in the foamed resin layer 11.
  • the styrene resin composition may contain known additives in addition to the resin component.
  • additives include fillers, lubricants, mold release agents, plasticizers, antioxidants, flame retardants, ultraviolet absorbers, antistatic agents, reinforcing agents, etc. It is not limited.
  • organic foaming agent is used for formation of the foamed resin layer 11, in this specification, an organic foaming agent shall not be contained in the additive here.
  • the styrene resin composition contains a known organic foaming agent as described above.
  • the organic blowing agent include saturated hydrocarbons such as propane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, cyclopentane, and hexane; dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, and the like.
  • saturated hydrocarbons such as n-butane are preferably used.
  • the formation method of the foamed resin layer 11 is not particularly limited, and a styrene resin composition is prepared by mixing a styrene resin and other components, and an organic foaming agent by a known method, and obtaining the styrene resin composition What is necessary is just to accommodate a thing and the vacuum heat insulating material 20C in the shaping
  • the styrene resin composition may be filled by a known method so that the foamed resin layer 11 is completely covered with the vacuum heat insulating material 20C.
  • the specific form of the styrene-based resin composition is not particularly limited, but usually, it may be foamed beads. That is, the foamed resin layer 11 may be so-called “bead method expanded polystyrene (EPS, Expanded Poly-Styrene)”.
  • the foamed beads and the vacuum heat insulating material 20C may be accommodated in a mold, and the organic foaming agent may be foamed by steam heating.
  • the foamed resin layer 11 is EPS, a molded body (vacuum heat insulating material panel 10) in which foam beads are fused to each other by steam heating is obtained.
  • the material exemplified as the foamed resin layer 11 of the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 can also be suitably used as the material of the foam heat insulating panels 30A to 30D in the first to sixth embodiments.
  • the obtained vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 has a configuration in which the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is included in the foamed resin layer 11, as shown in FIG. 18A or 18B. Thereby, the surface of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C can be protected. Moreover, since the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 including the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is manufactured as a “molded product”, the shape and dimensions thereof can be standardized. Therefore, the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 can improve the dimensional accuracy as the “heat insulating material” as compared with the vacuum heat insulating material 20 ⁇ / b> C having a configuration in which the core material 21 is accommodated in the outer packaging material 22.
  • the heat insulating material panel 10C is applied to the heat insulating container 104 such as the spherical tank 101 shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, etc., but the surface of the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 is protected, so that the heat insulating container 10C is protected.
  • the reliability of 104 itself can be improved.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 can be used as the third heat insulating layer 113 serving as the outer heat insulating layer of the heat insulating container 104 as exemplified in the first to fifth embodiments.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20 ⁇ / b> C having excellent heat insulating performance is arranged outside the heat insulating container 104 to effectively suppress the intrusion of heat from the outside.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20C located outside the spherical tank 101 is required to have durability that can withstand contact with seawater.
  • the laminated sheet 220 used for the outer packaging material 22 of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is basically made of resin, but as described above, a metal foil or a metal vapor deposition film is used for the gas barrier layer 222.
  • a metal foil or a metal vapor deposition film is used for the gas barrier layer 222.
  • metal comes into contact with seawater, it is easily corroded by various ions contained in seawater.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 has a structure in which the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is completely covered with the foamed resin layer 11, even if seawater enters the hull 102, the foamed resin layer 11 Contact of seawater with the vacuum heat insulating material 20C can be effectively avoided.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 is not composed only of the foamed resin layer 11 but includes the vacuum heat insulating material 20C inside, so that the heat insulating property is extremely excellent. ing. Therefore, it is possible to suppress an increase in the thickness of the third heat insulating layer 113 (or the thickness of the heat insulating structure 105) without reducing the heat insulating performance.
  • the foamed resin layer 11 protects the vacuum heat insulating material 20C, even if an impact or the like is applied to the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10, bag breakage or breakage of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is effectively suppressed. be able to. Therefore, the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 is not only resistant to foreign matter such as seawater or a severe environment such as manufacturing, but also resistant to physical shocks (resistance to heat). Impact property). As a result, the reliability of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C can be improved.
  • a styrene resin composition is preferably used for the foamed resin layer 11.
  • EPS has lower water absorption than foamed polyurethane (urethane foam) and the like, and its deterioration rate of heat insulation performance is small. Therefore, compared with the case where the foamed resin layer 11 is made of foamed polyurethane, the protection performance and heat insulation performance of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C are excellent.
  • the outer packaging material 22 of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C includes the sealing portion 24 described above, the vacuum heat insulating material 20C itself has good durability. Thereby, the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 can exhibit not only the durability with respect to seawater but also sufficient durability against various environmental changes during manufacturing or maintenance of the spherical tank 101.
  • the skin layers 10 a and 10 b of the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 are in a state where the foam beads are compressed and hardened as compared with the inside of the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 may remove the skin layers 10a and 10b.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 may have a configuration in which the skin layers 10a and 10b are removed. Thereby, an organic foaming agent can be favorably removed from the foamed resin layer 11 of the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10.
  • the organic foaming agent is more excellent in heat insulating properties.
  • the presence of the organic foaming agent may reduce the accuracy of the above-described leak inspection using helium.
  • the stability of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C may be affected by the organic foaming agent when the LNG transport tanker 100 encounters an accident. There can be sex. Therefore, the skin layers 10a and 10b of the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 are removed. As a result, the portion where the foamed beads are hardened is removed, so that the organic foaming agent can be easily removed from the foamed resin layer 11.
  • the removal of the skin layers 10a and 10b corresponds to the configuration example 1 of the explosion-proof structure of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C.
  • the skin layers 10a and 10b to be removed may be skin layers 10a (outer skin layers 10a) on at least the outer surface (front and back surfaces), and the side surfaces of the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 in addition to the outer skin layers 10a.
  • the skin layer 10b may also be removed.
  • the skin layers 10a and 10b may be cut off by a known cutter or the like used for cutting EPS.
  • the method for removing the organic foaming agent after removing the skin layers 10a and 10b is not particularly limited, and a known method such as heating the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 at a predetermined temperature and a predetermined time may be adopted.
  • the skin layers 10a and 10b have been cut off can be easily confirmed by simply comparing one of the surfaces of the foamed resin layer 11 with another surface.
  • the skin layers 10a and 10b and the inside of the foamed resin layer 11 have clearly different conditions such as the density of the foam beads, the hardness of the foam beads, and the surface roughness. Therefore, those skilled in the art can sufficiently confirm whether the surface of the foamed resin layer 11 is the skin layers 10a and 10b or the inner layer after being cut off.
  • the “configuration in which the foamed resin layer 11 covering the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is formed so that no organic foaming agent remains after foaming”, which is the configuration example 1 of the explosion-proof structure, is only the removal of the skin layers 10a and 10b. It is not limited to.
  • the foamed resin layer 11 is formed by heating and foaming a raw material containing an organic foaming agent, the organic foaming agent can be removed by a known method after foaming. If possible, configuration example 1 of the explosion-proof structure can be realized.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20C and the foamed resin layer 11 may be bonded and integrated.
  • the possibility that a gap is generated between the foamed resin layer 11 and the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is suppressed. Therefore, the durability and stability of the vacuum heat insulating material panel 10 can be improved.
  • the vacuum heat insulating material 20C and the foamed resin layer 11 are bonded by the adhesive 12 applied to the surface of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C, or as shown in FIG. 19B,
  • the outermost layer of the laminated sheet 220 used for the outer packaging material 22 is a “heat-welded surface protective layer 224” made of a resin having heat-weldability, and this heat-welded surface-protective layer 224 functions as an adhesive. May be.
  • the adhesive 12 or the heat-welded surface protective layer 224 are not particularly limited, and low-density polyethylene or the like can be used similarly to the heat-welded layer 223.
  • the adhesive 12 or the heat-welded surface protective layer 224 preferably has a heat resistance of 80 ° C. or higher. Thereby, it is possible to cope with a large temperature change at the time of manufacturing or maintaining the spherical tank 101.
  • the method of melting the adhesive 12 or the heat-welded surface protective layer 224 and bonding the vacuum heat insulating material 20C and the foamed resin layer 11 is not particularly limited.
  • the adhesive 12 is used, the adhesive 12 is applied to the outer surface of the vacuum heat insulating material 20C (outer packaging material 22), and a styrene resin composition (a preferable example is expanded beads) that is a raw material of the expanded resin layer 11 ), The adhesive 12 may be melted at the same time as the styrenic resin composition is foamed.
  • the heat-welded surface protective layer 224 When the heat-welded surface protective layer 224 is employed, the heat-welded surface protective layer 224 is heated while the vacuum heat insulating material 20C is covered with the styrene-based resin composition to foam the styrene-based resin composition. May be melted. Therefore, the adhesive 12 or the heat-welded surface protective layer 224 only needs to be made of a material that melts at the heating temperature of the raw material of the foamed resin layer 11.
  • the heat insulating container 104 is the spherical tank 101 provided in the LNG transport tanker 100, the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the heat insulating container 104 is an LNG tank installed on land. Also good.
  • such an LNG tank will be described with reference to FIG. 20 and FIG.
  • FIG. 20 shows a ground type LNG tank 120.
  • This ground type LNG tank 120 is provided with a spherical heat insulating container 124 as a tank body in the same manner as the spherical tank 101 of the first embodiment, and this heat insulating container 124 is supported on the ground 50 by the support structure 121.
  • the support structure part 121 is comprised by the several support
  • the heat insulating container 124 includes a container casing 126 that holds a low-temperature substance, and a heat insulating structure 125 provided outside the container casing 126.
  • the specific configurations of the container casing 126 and the heat insulating structure 125 are as described in the first to seventh embodiments.
  • the heat insulating structure 125 includes any one of the configurations of the first to seventh embodiments, Or the structure which combined the structure of these embodiment suitably can be employ
  • FIG. 21 shows an underground LNG tank 130.
  • the underground LNG tank 130 is provided with a cylindrical heat insulating container 134 inside a concrete structure 131 embedded in the ground 50.
  • the heat insulating container 134 includes a container housing 136 for holding a cryogenic substance, And a heat insulating structure 135 provided outside the container housing 136.
  • the concrete structure 131 is made of prestressed concrete, for example, and is installed in the ground so that most of it is below the ground 50.
  • the concrete structure 131 is a support that supports the structure of the tank main body of the underground LNG tank 130, and also functions as a barrier that prevents LNG from leaking in case the tank main body is damaged.
  • a roof portion 132 separate from the heat insulating container 134 is provided at the upper opening of the heat insulating container 134.
  • the upper surface of the roof part 132 is a convex curved surface, and the lower surface is a flat surface.
  • a heat insulating structure 135 is provided outside the roof portion 132, and a fibrous heat insulating material 133 is provided therein.
  • the fibrous heat insulating material 133 include inorganic fibers used as the core material 21 of the vacuum heat insulating materials 20A to 20C.
  • the specific configurations of the container housing 136 and the heat insulating structure 135 are as described in the first to seventh embodiments.
  • the heat insulating structure 135 includes any one of the configurations of the first to seventh embodiments. Or the structure which combined the structure of these embodiment suitably can be employ
  • each of the spherical tank 101 of the LNG transport tanker 100 and the tank body of the above-ground LNG tank 120 includes a spherical heat insulating container 104 or 124.
  • the tank body of the underground LNG tank 130 includes a cylindrical heat insulating container 134 and a roof portion 132 having a convex curved surface.
  • the present invention can be favorably applied to a heat insulating container having at least a curved shape such as a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a roof portion having a curved surface, and the like. More preferably, it can be applied to a heat insulating container having a closed curved surface shape such as a spherical shape or a cylindrical shape, and it is particularly preferably applied to a heat insulating container having a spherical shape (including an elliptical spherical shape or a substantially spherical shape). be able to.
  • the low temperature substance held in the heat insulating container is LNG.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the low temperature substance is a substance stored at a temperature lower than normal temperature. Any fluid may be used as long as it is maintained at a temperature that is 100 ° C. or more lower than room temperature.
  • hydrogen gas is exemplified as a low-temperature substance other than LNG. An example of a hydrogen tank that liquefies and holds hydrogen gas will be specifically described with reference to FIG.
  • the hydrogen tank 140 is a container type, and basically described in the spherical tank 101 described in the first embodiment or described in the eighth embodiment. It has the same configuration as the above-ground type LNG tank 120. That is, the hydrogen tank 140 is provided with a heat insulating container 144 which is a tank body in a frame-shaped support body 141.
  • the heat insulating container 144 includes a container housing 146 for holding a low-temperature substance, and the container housing 146. And a heat insulating structure 145 provided on the outside of the.
  • the specific configurations of the container housing 146 and the heat insulating structure 145 are as described in the first to seventh embodiments.
  • the heat insulating structure 145 has the configuration of any of the first to seventh embodiments, Or the structure which combined the structure of these embodiment suitably can be employ
  • liquefied hydrogen is a liquid at a very low temperature of ⁇ 253 ° C., and its evaporability is about 10 times that of LNG. Therefore, in order to obtain an evaporation loss level equivalent to that of LNG for liquefied hydrogen, it is necessary to further improve the heat insulating performance (small thermal conductivity) of the heat insulating material. In contrast, in the present embodiment, since the heat insulating structure having the configuration described in the first to seventh embodiments is used, the hydrogen tank 140 can be further increased in heat insulation.
  • the low temperature substance held in the heat insulating container is not limited to LNG or hydrogen gas, and is a substance stored at a temperature lower than room temperature (preferably, fluidity at a temperature lower than room temperature by 100 ° C. or more.
  • the fluid Taking fluid as an example, fluids other than LNG and hydrogen gas may include liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), other hydrocarbon gases, or combustible gases containing these. Or it is various compounds conveyed by a chemical tanker etc., Comprising: The compound preserve
  • the heat insulating container applicable in the present invention may be a cryopreservation container used for medical or industrial purposes.
  • the room temperature may be within a range of 20 ° C. ⁇ 5 ° C. (within a range of 15 ° C. to 25 ° C.).
  • the heat conductivity of each heat insulation layer constituting the heat insulation structure is determined according to the heat flow measurement method of JIS A 1412, ASTM C518, and ISO 8301. (EKO Instruments Co., Ltd.) Measured using a thermal conductivity measuring device (product number HC-074-300 or HC-074-066) manufactured by EKO Instruments Co., Ltd. At this time, the internal temperature of the heat insulating container was ⁇ 160 ° C., and the outside air was 25 ° C. From the obtained thermal conductivity and the thickness of each heat insulating layer, the average heat transmissivity of the heat insulating structure was calculated by area weighted average.
  • Example 1 The heat insulation container of Example 1 was obtained by providing the heat insulation structure provided with a 1st heat insulation layer, a 2nd heat insulation layer, and a 3rd heat insulation layer in the outer side of the spherical container housing
  • the heat insulating layers of the heat insulating structure the first heat insulating layer and the second heat insulating layer are made of foamed polystyrene heat insulating panels, and the third heat insulating layer is the vacuum heat insulating material having the configuration described in the first embodiment. Was used.
  • Table 1 shows the total thickness T of the heat insulating structure, the total thickness t1 of the first heat insulating layer and the second heat insulating layer, and the thickness t2 of the third heat insulating layer.
  • the average heat transmissivity of this heat insulation container was computed by the said method.
  • Table 1 shows the calculation result of the average heat transmissibility, the evaluation result of the heat insulation performance based on Comparative Example 1 described later, and the ratio of the thickness based on Comparative Example 1.
  • Comparative Example 1 A heat insulating container of Comparative Example 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a comparative heat insulating structure without a third heat insulating layer was provided outside the container housing. In addition, in the comparative heat insulation structure, the thickness of the whole heat insulation structure was made the same as Example 1. FIG. Table 1 shows the thicknesses T, t1, and t2 of the comparative heat insulation structure. The average heat transmissivity of this heat insulation container was computed by the said method. Table 1 shows the calculation results of the average heat transmissibility. In addition, since Comparative Example 1 is a reference for evaluation of heat insulation performance and thickness, Table 1 describes both the evaluation result of heat insulation performance and the result of the ratio of thickness as “1.00”. .
  • Example 2 A heat insulating container of Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the first heat insulating layer and the second heat insulating layer was reduced. In addition, this Example 2 was performed in order to evaluate how much the thickness of the whole heat insulation structure can be reduced, in exhibiting the same heat insulation performance as Comparative Example 1.
  • Table 1 shows the thicknesses T, t1, and t2 in the heat insulating structure of Example 2. The average heat transmissivity of this heat insulation container was computed by the said method. Table 1 shows the calculation result of the average heat transmissibility, the evaluation result of the heat insulation performance based on Comparative Example 1, and the thickness ratio based on Comparative Example 1.
  • the thickness of the first heat insulating layer and the second heat insulating layer (or the integrated layer) formed of the foam heat insulating panel can be significantly reduced. Therefore, if the overall size of the heat insulating container is the same, the heat insulating container of Example 1 or 2 can increase the internal volume of the container housing as compared with the heat insulating container of Comparative Example 1.
  • Example 3 Heat insulation in which the total thickness of the first heat insulating layer and the second heat insulating layer (and the integrated layer) constituted by the foam heat insulating panel is 300 mm, and the thickness of the third heat insulating layer constituted by the vacuum heat insulating material is 100 mm. Assuming a structure, a thermal simulation was performed on this heat insulating structure assuming a temperature gradient from the temperature of LNG ( ⁇ 162 ° C.) to room temperature (25 ° C.). The result is shown by the alternate long and short dash line I in FIG.
  • Comparative Example 2 A thermal simulation was performed in the same manner as in Example 3 except that a comparative heat insulating structure constituted by a foam heat insulating panel having a total thickness of 400 mm was assumed without providing the third heat insulating layer. The result is shown by a broken line II in FIG.
  • region in which the foam heat insulation panel which is an inner side heat insulation layer exists can be reduced with the heat insulation performance of a 3rd heat insulation layer.
  • the heat insulation performance of the inner heat insulation layer itself is improved because the heat transfer of the cold temperature of the inner heat insulation layer itself is also reduced (the thermal gradient angle of 0 to 300 mm of the alternate long and short dash line I is gentle). .
  • the present invention since the heat insulation container that achieves further improvement of heat insulation performance and effectively realizes good heat insulation performance over a long period of time can be obtained, the present invention provides a spherical shape of an LNG transport tanker. It can be widely used in the field of heat insulating containers that hold low-temperature substances such as tanks, LNG tanks installed on land, hydrogen tanks, and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un récipient isolant (104, 124, 134, 144) utilisé pour maintenir un matériau à basse température conservé à une température inférieure à la température ambiante, et qui comporte un logement de récipient (110, 124, 134, 144) et une structure isolante (105, 125, 135, 145) disposée à l'extérieur du logement de récipient (110, 124, 134, 144). La structure isolante (105, 125, 135, 145) est une structure multicouche qui comprend une première couche isolante (111), une deuxième couche isolante (112), et une troisième couche isolante (113) qui sont disposées, dans cet ordre, en allant vers l'extérieur à partir du logement de récipient (110, 124, 134, 144). La troisième couche isolante (113) comporte une pluralité de pièces de matériau d'isolation à vide (20A, 20B, 20C).
PCT/JP2014/001109 2013-03-01 2014-02-28 Récipient isolant WO2014132661A1 (fr)

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JP2015502788A JP6390009B2 (ja) 2013-03-01 2014-02-28 断熱容器
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US10001247B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2018-06-19 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Vacuum heat-insulating material, and heat-insulating container, dwelling wall, transport machine, hydrogen transport tanker, and LNG transport tanker equipped with vacuum heat-insulating material
EP3733501A4 (fr) * 2017-12-27 2021-10-27 Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. Système d'isolation thermique de type à membrane pour citerne à cargaison de transporteur de gaz liquéfié cryogénique et conteneur pour gaz liquéfié combustible
US11300238B2 (en) 2019-01-21 2022-04-12 Whirlpool Corporation Vacuum insulated structure with filter features in a vacuum cavity
EP3950536A4 (fr) * 2019-04-05 2022-11-30 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Réservoir de gaz liquéfié et cuve de transport de gaz liquéfié
EP3951244A4 (fr) * 2019-04-05 2022-12-07 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Structure de stockage de gaz liquéfié et support de gaz liquéfié
NO20221390A1 (en) * 2022-12-22 2024-06-24 Moss Maritime As Liquified gas storage tank
KR102726890B1 (ko) 2023-02-09 2024-11-06 에임트 주식회사 진공단열재 지지대를 내장한 대형 단열컨테이너

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CN108700245A (zh) * 2016-03-10 2018-10-23 松下知识产权经营株式会社 使用真空隔热件的隔热结构体、和具有该隔热结构体的隔热容器
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