WO2014119442A1

WO2014119442A1 - Reactor

Info

Publication number: WO2014119442A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/051215
Authority: WO
Inventors: 濱田　行貴; 鎌田　博之
Original assignee: 株式会社Ihi
Priority date: 2013-01-29
Filing date: 2014-01-22
Publication date: 2014-08-07
Also published as: JP2014144418A

Abstract

A reactor is provided with: a reaction side flow path (210) through which a fluid flows as a reactant; a heating medium side flow path (220), which is laminated and provided with the reaction side flow path (210) and through which a heating medium for carrying out heat exchange with the fluid inside the reaction side flow path (210) flows; and a heat transferring dividing wall (110) that divides the reaction side flow path (210) and the heating medium side flow path (220) and also transfers heat between the reaction side flow path (210) and the heating medium side flow path (220). The heat transferring dividing wall (110) includes a stress absorbing part (150) that protrudes or is depressed in the direction of lamination of the reaction side flow path (210) and the heating medium side flow path (220).

Description

Reactor

The present invention relates to a heat exchange type reactor.

The heat exchange type reactor is provided with a reaction side channel as a reaction field and a reaction target channel that is provided in parallel with the reaction side channel with a heat transfer partition therebetween (hereinafter, referred to as a reaction target). Called a reaction fluid) and a heat medium side channel through which a heat medium for heat exchange flows. It is known that a heat exchange type reactor can efficiently cause a reaction in a reaction side channel. This reactor is often made of metal because of its high thermal conductivity, and its outer periphery is joined by welding or the like to prevent leakage of fluid between the channels or from the channels to the outside. ing.

In a heat exchange type reactor, heat generation and heat absorption occur in the reaction side flow path. Therefore, there is a difference between the temperature at the inlet of the reaction side channel and the temperature of the introduction path for introducing the reaction fluid into the reaction side channel. There is also a difference between the temperature at the outlet of the reaction side channel and the temperature of the discharge path for discharging the reaction fluid from the reaction side channel. If it does so, thermal stress will arise in the junction part of the inlet of a reaction side flow path, and an introductory path, and the junction part of the exit of a reaction side flow path, and a discharge path, and there exists a possibility that a junction part may be distorted.

Therefore, in Patent Document 1, the corrugated tube (flexible tube) is used to connect the corrugated tube (flexible tube) between the inlet of the reaction side channel and the introduction channel and between the outlet of the reaction side channel and the discharge channel. A configuration for absorbing thermal stress by a tube is disclosed.

Special table 2010-532859

In the reaction side flow path of the heat exchange type reactor described above, an endothermic reaction or an exothermic reaction occurs. There is a temperature difference (temperature gradient) in the direction of the channel not only between the inlet of the reaction side channel and the introduction path, between the outlet of the reaction side channel and the discharge path, but also in the reaction side channel itself. More specifically, the temperature on the outlet side (downstream side) is higher than the temperature on the inlet side (upstream side) while the endothermic reaction occurs in the reaction side flow path. The temperature difference at this time is about 250 ° C. depending on the reaction. Further, while an exothermic reaction is occurring in the reaction side flow path, the temperature on the inlet side becomes higher than the temperature on the outlet side. The temperature difference at this time is about 250 ° C. depending on the reaction.

In this case, thermal stress acts on the heat transfer partition that divides the reaction side flow path and the heat medium side flow path. On the other hand, the outer periphery of the reactor is joined. For this reason, there is a risk that distortion may occur in the heat transfer partition and the joint.

The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a reactor capable of absorbing thermal stress generated in the heat transfer partition and suppressing distortion (backlash) of the heat transfer partition.

An aspect of the present invention is a reactor, which is provided by laminating a reaction side flow channel for circulating a fluid as a reaction target and the reaction side flow channel, and performs heat exchange with the fluid in the reaction side flow channel. A heat medium side flow path through which the heat medium for circulating, a reaction side flow path and the heat medium side flow path are partitioned, and heat is generated between the reaction side flow path and the heat medium side flow path. And the heat transfer partition includes one or more stress absorbing portions that are raised or depressed in the stacking direction of the reaction side flow path and the heat medium side flow path. To do.

The stress absorbing portion may be provided in a relatively high temperature side among the inlet and outlet of the reaction side channel.

Of the inlet and outlet of the reaction side channel, the stress absorbing portion located on the relatively high temperature side may be larger in size than the stress absorbing portion located on the relatively low temperature side.

The distance between adjacent stress absorbing portions may be shorter on the relatively high temperature side of the inlet and outlet of the reaction side channel than on the relatively low temperature side.

According to the present invention, by devising the shape of the heat transfer partition, it is possible to provide a reactor that can absorb the thermal stress generated in the heat transfer partition and suppress the distortion of the heat transfer partition.

Fig.1 (a) and FIG.1 (b) are the figures for demonstrating the reactor which concerns on embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2A is a view for explaining a reaction side flow path according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2B is a view for explaining a heat medium side flow path according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the temperatures of the reaction fluid, the heat medium, and the heat transfer partition when the methane steam reforming reaction is performed in the reactor. FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are diagrams for explaining the heat transfer partition according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams for explaining the configuration of the stress absorbing portion and the rib according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5A is the vicinity of the stress absorbing portion in FIG. FIG. 5B shows an XZ sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 4A. FIG. 6 is a view for explaining a stress absorbing portion according to a modification of the embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The dimensions, materials, and other specific numerical values shown in the embodiments are merely examples for facilitating the understanding of the invention, and do not limit the present invention unless otherwise specified. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same function and configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted, and elements not directly related to the present invention are not illustrated. To do. For convenience of explanation, a fluid as a reaction target is referred to as a reaction fluid.

(Reactor 100)
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a reactor 100 according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a reaction side channel 210 and a heat medium side channel 220. 1 and 2, the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis that intersect perpendicularly are defined as illustrated. In FIG. 1, the illustration of the catalyst plate 140 is omitted for easy understanding.

The reactor 100 of this embodiment is a heat exchange type reactor. As shown in FIG. 1, the reactor 100 includes an upper surface 102, a plurality of heat transfer partition walls 110 (may be indicated by 110 a and 110 b) stacked at a predetermined interval, a reaction fluid introduction unit 120, a reaction fluid. A discharge unit 122, a heat medium introduction unit 130, and a heat medium discharge unit 132 are provided. These are all formed of a metal material (for example, a refractory metal such as stainless steel (SUS310, Haynes (registered trademark) 230)).

When the reactor 100 is manufactured, the heat transfer partition walls 110 are stacked and joined together, and the upper surface 102 is joined to the heat transfer partition wall 110. Then, the reaction fluid introduction unit 120, the reaction fluid discharge unit 122, the heat medium introduction unit 130, and the heat medium discharge unit 132 are joined to the stacked heat transfer partition 110, respectively. Although there is no limitation on the joining method used when manufacturing the reactor 100, for example, TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding or diffusion joining can be used.

The reaction-side flow path 210 has a reaction fluid introduction part 120 and a reaction fluid through holes 210a formed on the reaction fluid introduction part 120 side and the reaction fluid discharge part 122 side in the space defined by the heat transfer partition 110. A space communicating with the discharge unit 122 is formed. Moreover, the heat medium side flow path 220 is the heat medium introduction part 130 through the hole 220a formed in the heat medium introduction part 130 side and the heat medium discharge | emission part 132 side among the space divided by the heat transfer partition 110. A space communicating with the heat medium discharge unit 132 is formed. In the reactor 100 of the present embodiment, the reaction side flow path 210 and the heat medium side flow path 220 are partitioned by the heat transfer partition 110 and provided in parallel, and the reaction side flow path 210 and the heat medium side flow path 220 are Are stacked alternately.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the bottom surface of the heat medium side flow path 220 is constituted by a heat transfer partition 110 (indicated by 110a in FIG. 2A). Further, the upper surface of the heat medium side flow path 220 is constituted by the upper surface 102 or a heat transfer partition wall 110 (denoted by 110b in FIG. 2B) described later. The heat transfer partition 110 a is provided with a plurality of ribs 112 for maintaining a gap between the heat transfer partitions 110. Furthermore, the heat transfer partition 110 a is provided with a side wall portion 114 that constitutes a side wall of the reactor 100 and a side bar 116 for preventing the reaction fluid from being mixed from the reaction fluid introduction portion 120. In addition, the side wall 114 on the side where the heat medium introduction part 130 and the heat medium discharge part 132 are joined is provided with a notch 114a, and the heat transfer partition 110 is laminated. The notch 114a forms a hole 220a. The heat medium is introduced from the heat medium introduction unit 130 into the heat medium side flow path 220 through the hole 220a. Further, the heat medium is discharged from the heat medium side flow path 220 to the heat medium discharge unit 132 through the hole 220a.

As shown in FIG. 2 (b), the bottom surface of the reaction side channel 210 is constituted by the heat transfer partition 110b. Moreover, the upper surface of the reaction side flow path 210 is comprised by the heat-transfer partition 110a. Similarly to the heat transfer partition 110a, the heat transfer partition 110b is also provided with a plurality of ribs 112 and side walls 114 for maintaining gaps between the heat transfer partitions 110. Unlike the heat transfer partition 110a, the heat transfer partition 110b is not provided with the side bar 116. Therefore, a gap 114 b is formed between the side wall portions 114. The gap 114b forms a hole 210a when the heat transfer partition 110 is stacked. The reaction fluid is introduced into the reaction side flow path 210 from the reaction fluid introduction part 120 through the hole 210a. Further, the reaction fluid is discharged from the reaction side flow path 210 to the reaction fluid discharge portion 122 through the hole 210a. Further, the reaction side channel 210 is provided with a catalyst plate 140 in which a catalyst (active metal) is supported on a corrugated metal plate.

The catalyst includes a component (material) suitable for the reaction occurring in the reaction side flow path 210. For example, when the reaction occurring in the reaction side channel 210 is a steam reforming reaction of methane, the catalyst is one or more metals selected from the group of Ni (nickel), Ru (ruthenium), and Pt (platinum). It is.

As shown by the solid line arrow in FIG. 1A, the heat medium is introduced from the heat medium introduction section 130, flows through the heat medium side flow path 220, and is discharged from the heat medium discharge section 132. 1B, the reaction fluid is introduced from the reaction fluid introduction unit 120, flows through the reaction side flow path 210, and is discharged from the reaction fluid discharge unit 122. As shown in FIG. 1, the reaction fluid and the heat medium in the present embodiment are in a counterflow relationship.

Thus, the reaction side channel 210 and the heat medium side channel 220 are partitioned by the heat transfer partition 110 and provided in parallel. The heat transfer partition 110 transfers the heat of the heat medium flowing through the heat medium side flow path 220 to the reaction side flow path 210. In other words, the heat medium flowing through the heat medium side flow path 220 exchanges heat with the reaction fluid flowing through the reaction side flow path 210 via the heat transfer partition 110.

The dimensions of the reactor 100 according to the present embodiment are, for example, such that the distance in the X-axis direction in FIG. 1 is about 1 m, the distance in the Y-axis direction in FIG. 1 is about 1 m, and the separation distance between the heat transfer partitions 110 is several mm. Degree. In FIG. 1, for easy understanding, the separation distance between the heat transfer partition walls 110 is shown larger than the distance in the X-axis direction and the distance in the Y-axis direction in FIG. 1.

The flow path cross section of the reaction field in the reactor 100 may be set so that at least one side is about several mm or less than 1 mm. A reactor in which the reaction field is formed in such a minute space is called a compact reactor, a microreactor, etc. Since the specific surface area per unit volume is large, the heat transfer efficiency is high, and the reaction rate and yield can be improved. it can. In addition, since the convection and diffusion modes are arbitrarily configured, it is possible to control the quick mixing and the active concentration distribution, so that the reaction can be controlled strictly.

Since an endothermic reaction and an exothermic reaction occur continuously in the reaction side flow path 210 of the reactor 100, a temperature difference (temperature gradient) occurs in the flow direction in the reaction side flow path 210 itself and the heat medium side flow path 220 itself.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the temperature of the reaction fluid, the heat medium, and the heat transfer partition 110 when the methane steam reforming reaction is performed in the reactor 100. The steam reforming reaction of methane is represented by the following chemical formula (1).
_{_{CH 4 + H 2 O → 3H}} 2 + CO ... Chemical Formula (1)
The reaction represented by the chemical formula (1) is an endothermic reaction having an enthalpy change (ΔH ⁰ ₂₉₈ ) of about −206 kJ / mol.

Therefore, the temperature transition of the reaction fluid in the reaction side channel 210 is about 450 ° C. on the inlet side of the reaction side channel 210 and about 800 ° C. on the outlet side, as indicated by a broken line in FIG. That is, the temperature of the reaction side channel 210 is lowest on the inlet side and highest on the outlet side. This is because the reaction fluid just introduced into the reaction side flow path 210 contains a relatively large amount of unreacted substances, and thus the reaction frequency increases. This is because the reaction frequency is lowered because the substance is converted into the desired reaction product and relatively less.

On the other hand, the temperature transition of the heat medium in the heat medium side flow path 220 is about 800 ° C. near the inlet of the heat medium side flow path 220 and about 600 ° C. near the outlet, as shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. That is, the temperature of the heat medium side flow path 220 is the highest near the inlet and the lowest near the outlet. This is because a relatively high-temperature heat medium is introduced into the heat medium side flow path 220, and the heat adjoins the heat medium side flow path 220 while the heat medium flows through the heat medium side flow path 220. This is because it is transmitted to the side flow path 210.

As described above, in the reactor 100 of this embodiment, the flow directions of the reaction fluid and the heat medium are opposed to each other. Therefore, the inlet side of the heat medium side channel 220 is adjacent to the outlet side of the reaction side channel 210, and the outlet side of the heat medium side channel 220 is adjacent to the inlet side of the reaction side channel 210. On the inlet side of the heat medium side channel 220 adjacent to the outlet side of the reaction side channel 210 where the reaction frequency is low, the heat absorption by the reaction fluid is low and the heat adjacent to the inlet side of the reaction side channel 210 where the reaction frequency is high. On the outlet side of the medium side channel 220, the heat absorption by the reaction fluid is high. Therefore, the temperature transition of the heat medium is also caused by the degree of heat absorption by the reaction fluid, which changes depending on the position of the heat medium in the heat medium side flow path 220.

Thus, a temperature gradient is generated in the direction of the flow path in the reaction side flow path 210 and the heat medium side flow path 220. Therefore, as shown by a solid line in FIG. 3, the temperature of the heat transfer partition 110 also increases from about 550 ° C. to about 800 ° C., for example, as it goes from the inlet side to the outlet side of the reaction side channel 210. Therefore, the heat transfer partition 110 has a difference of about 250 ° C. in the flow path direction.

As a result, thermal stress is applied to the heat transfer partition 110 that partitions the reaction side channel 210 and the heat medium side channel 220. As described above, the side walls 114 and the side bars 116 are joined to the outer periphery of the heat transfer partition 110. Therefore, when thermal stress acts on the heat transfer partition 110, there is a possibility that distortion may occur in the heat transfer partition 110 and the joint (joint portion between the side wall portions 114, joint portion between the side bars 116).

For example, when the heat transfer partition is made of stainless steel, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) of the heat transfer partition is 16 × 10 ⁻⁶ (1 / K). When the temperature difference (ΔT) in the flow path direction of the heat transfer partition wall is 250 (K) and the width (L) of the heat transfer partition wall in the X-axis direction in FIG. 1 is 1 m, the thermal expansion of the heat transfer partition wall ( LαΔT) is 0.004 m. That is, the heat transfer partition extends about 4 mm in the X-axis direction (flow channel direction) in FIG.

Therefore, in this embodiment, the shape of the heat transfer partition 110 is devised to absorb the thermal stress generated in the heat transfer partition 110.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the heat transfer partition 110 according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the stress absorbing portion 150 and the rib 112. 5A shows an XZ cross-sectional view in the vicinity of the stress absorbing portion 150 in FIG. 4, and FIG. 5B shows an XZ cross-sectional view along the line AA in FIG. 4A. Show.

As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5A, the heat

transfer partition walls

110a and 110b have a stress absorbing portion 150 that rises or sinks in the stacking direction of the reaction side flow path 210 and the heat medium side flow path 220. The stress absorbing part 150 is formed by pressing the heat transfer partition 110. Here, the diameters of the stress absorbing portions 150 are substantially the same, for example, not less than the thickness of the heat transfer partition 110 (the thickness in the Z-axis direction in FIG. 5A). By setting the diameter of the stress absorbing portion 150 to be equal to or greater than the thickness of the heat transfer partition 110, the processing becomes easy.

The portion surrounded by a broken-line circle in FIG. 5A in the stress absorbing portion 150 absorbs thermal stress generated in the heat transfer partition 110. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the entire heat transfer partition 110 from extending in the flow path direction (X-axis direction in FIG. 4).

As shown in FIG. 4 (a), many stress absorbing portions 150 are provided on the relatively high temperature side (here, the inlet) of the inlet and outlet of the heat medium side flow path 220. Here, the heat transfer partition 110 a constitutes the bottom surface of the heat medium side channel 220 and the top surface of the reaction side channel 210. From this, it can be said that many stress absorption parts 150 are provided on the relatively high temperature side (here, the outlet) of the inlet and outlet of the reaction side channel 210.

As shown in FIG. 4 (b), many stress absorbing portions 150 are provided on the relatively high temperature side (here, on the outlet side) of the inlet and outlet of the reaction side channel 210. Here, the heat transfer partition 110 b constitutes the bottom surface of the reaction side channel 210 and the top surface of the heat medium side channel 220. From this, it can be said that many stress absorption parts 150 are provided on the relatively high temperature side (here, the inlet) of the inlet and outlet of the heat medium side flow path 220.

In this way, by providing a large number of stress absorbing portions 150 on the relatively high temperature side of the inlet and outlet of the reaction side channel 210, a relatively high temperature portion where thermal expansion (thermal extension) is likely to occur. Thermal stress can be absorbed efficiently.

As shown in FIG. 4B, the rib 112 of the heat transfer partition 110b that constitutes the bottom surface of the reaction side channel 210 is provided with a restricting portion 112a for restricting the movement of the catalyst plate 140. The restricting portion 112a restricts the movement of the catalyst plate 140 in the flow direction of the reaction fluid.

As shown in FIG. 5B, the rib 112 of the present embodiment is partially joined to the heat transfer partition 110a. For example, only about 1/3 of the length 112 in the X-axis direction of the rib 112 is joined to the heat transfer partition 110a. Further, the joint portion of the rib 112 with the heat transfer partition 110 a is disposed on the relatively low temperature side from the inlet to the outlet of the reaction side channel 210. That is, the rib 112 is not joined to the heat transfer partition wall 110a but is in contact with it on the relatively high temperature side from the inlet to the outlet of the reaction side channel 210.

With such a configuration, it is possible to avoid a situation in which the thermal stress generated at a relatively high temperature portion in the heat transfer partition 110a is applied to the rib 112. In addition, since the rib 112 of the heat transfer partition 110b is joined substantially in the same manner as the rib 112 of the heat transfer partition 110a, duplicate description is omitted.

As described above, according to the reactor 100 according to the present embodiment, by providing the heat transfer partition 110 with the stress absorbing portion 150, the thermal stress generated in the heat transfer partition 110 is absorbed, and the heat transfer partition 110 is distorted. Can be suppressed.

It should be noted that thermal expansion (thermal elongation) is likely to occur even in a configuration other than the configuration in which many stress absorbing portions 150 are provided on the relatively high temperature side of the inlet and outlet of the reaction side flow path 210 described above. It is possible to efficiently absorb the thermal stress of this part. Next, another example of the stress absorbing unit 150 will be described.

(Modification)
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a stress absorbing unit 150 according to a modification of the present embodiment. Here, the heat transfer partition 110b will be described, and the description of the heat transfer partition 110a having substantially the same configuration will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 6 (a), in the heat transfer partition 110b, the stress absorbing part 150 located on the relatively high temperature side of the inlet and outlet of the reaction side flow path 210 has the stress located on the relatively low temperature side. It is formed larger than the absorption part 150.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 6B, in the heat transfer partition 110b, the stress absorbing portions 150 adjacent to each other on the relatively high temperature side of the inlet and outlet of the reaction side flow path 210 are relatively closer than the low temperature side. The interval between each other is formed short.

Even with these configurations, it is possible to efficiently absorb the thermal stress in the relatively high temperature portion where thermal expansion (thermal elongation) is likely to occur.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the claims, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present invention. Is done.

For example, when the differential pressure between the reaction fluid and the heat medium is relatively small, the rib 112 may be omitted.

For example, in heat exchange, the reaction fluid and the heat medium may be in parallel flow. That is, the flow directions of the reaction fluid and the heat medium may be the same.

Further, the reaction generated in the reactor 100 may be an exothermic reaction. Also in this case, the number of the stress absorbing portions 150 of the heat transfer partition 110 is relatively increased on the relatively high temperature side of the inlet and outlet of the reaction side channel 210, or the stress located on the relatively high temperature side. The size of the absorber 150 is relatively large, or the interval between the stress absorbers 150 located on the relatively high temperature side is made shorter than the interval between the stress absorbers 150 located on the relatively low temperature side do it.

The present invention can be used for a heat exchange type reactor.

Claims

A reaction side flow path for circulating a fluid as a reaction target;
A heat medium side flow path that is provided in a stacked manner with the reaction side flow path and circulates a heat medium for heat exchange with the fluid in the reaction side flow path;
A heat transfer partition that divides the reaction side flow path and the heat medium side flow path, and transfers heat between the reaction side flow path and the heat medium side flow path;
With
The reactor is characterized in that the heat transfer partition includes one or more stress absorbing portions that are raised or depressed in the stacking direction of the reaction side flow path and the heat medium side flow path.
2. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the stress absorbing portion is provided in a relatively high temperature side among the inlet and outlet of the reaction side flow path.
2. The stress absorbing portion located on the relatively high temperature side among the inlet and outlet of the reaction side channel has a size larger than that of the stress absorbing portion located on the relatively low temperature side. Or the reactor according to 2;
The interval between the stress absorbing parts adjacent to each other is shorter on the relatively high temperature side of the inlet and outlet of the reaction side channel than on the relatively low temperature side. The reactor according to item 1.