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WO2014113909A1 - 钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐、单元组罐及海上平台 - Google Patents

钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐、单元组罐及海上平台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014113909A1
WO2014113909A1 PCT/CN2013/070808 CN2013070808W WO2014113909A1 WO 2014113909 A1 WO2014113909 A1 WO 2014113909A1 CN 2013070808 W CN2013070808 W CN 2013070808W WO 2014113909 A1 WO2014113909 A1 WO 2014113909A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tank
unit
tanks
pile
offshore
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/070808
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴植融
Original Assignee
Wu Zhirong
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wu Zhirong filed Critical Wu Zhirong
Priority to CN201380069107.5A priority Critical patent/CN104968583B/zh
Priority to CA2897267A priority patent/CA2897267C/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/070808 priority patent/WO2014113909A1/zh
Priority to AU2013375773A priority patent/AU2013375773B2/en
Priority to GB1512439.9A priority patent/GB2524690A/en
Priority to MYPI2015001687A priority patent/MY170043A/en
Priority to BR112015016893A priority patent/BR112015016893A2/pt
Priority to BR112015016892A priority patent/BR112015016892A2/pt
Priority to CA2897223A priority patent/CA2897223A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2014/071120 priority patent/WO2014114235A1/zh
Priority to AU2014210247A priority patent/AU2014210247B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2014/071121 priority patent/WO2014114236A1/zh
Priority to MYPI2015001685A priority patent/MY174732A/en
Priority to CN201480001335.3A priority patent/CN104321247B/zh
Priority to GB1512429.0A priority patent/GB2523717A/en
Priority to CN201480001337.2A priority patent/CN104395530B/zh
Publication of WO2014113909A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014113909A1/zh
Priority to US14/805,384 priority patent/US9850636B2/en
Priority to US14/805,357 priority patent/US10060090B2/en
Priority to US14/805,398 priority patent/US10041221B2/en
Priority to NO20151014A priority patent/NO20151014A1/en
Priority to NO20151013A priority patent/NO20151013A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B35/4413—Floating drilling platforms, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/02—Large containers rigid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E02B17/0017—Means for protecting offshore constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
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    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/027—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto steel structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/06—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for immobilising, e.g. using wedges or clamping rings
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E02D27/525—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water using elements penetrating the underwater ground
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/06—Constructions, or methods of constructing, in water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
    • E04H7/02—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor
    • E04H7/04—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
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    • E04H7/02—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor
    • E04H7/18—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steel tank and a concrete composite tank wall storage tank (unit tank, unit group tank) for storing industrial liquid products under water, such as crude oil, refined oil, LNG, LPG, etc., and the composite tank Wall-based tank-based marine storage, drilling and production facilities.
  • industrial liquid products under water such as crude oil, refined oil, LNG, LPG, etc.
  • composite tank Wall-based tank-based marine storage, drilling and production facilities such as crude oil, refined oil, LNG, LPG, etc.
  • the present invention discloses a storage tank for a steel plate and a concrete composite structure, and Based on the improvement of the offshore facilities such as offshore platforms involved in the above two patent applications.
  • the liquid storage tank and the seawater ballast tank of the process are sealed, and the upper part of the liquid of the two tanks is pre-charged with a certain pressure of nitrogen, and the nitrogen gas is connected to the same pressure system through the pipes and the top of the two tanks; the liquid of any one of the two tanks Discharge, another tank must have another liquid of equal quality to ensure that the operating weight of the system during the loading and unloading process remains unchanged.
  • the function of the closed pressurized nitrogen gas is as the covering gas above the liquid, and the second is to realize the transfer of pressure energy between the two liquids. Nitrogen does not need to be replenished or discharged externally during system loading and unloading.
  • the equal mass flow rate replacement of the process is usually achieved by the linkage of the associated loading pump and the external pump, wherein the ballast water or the storage liquid is first pressured to the inlet of the external pump by the pressure of the nitrogen in the tank.
  • the patent application also discloses a combined liquid storage tank matched with the above process, and an offshore floating and fixed platform based on the liquid storage tank, which is used for drilling, production and storage of crude oil in offshore oil fields, but does not involve Production and storage of liquefied natural gas (abbreviation: LNG).
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the fixed facilities involved in the application adopt the "small underwater weight sitting" technology, that is, the operating weight of the facility is equal to or slightly larger than the buoyancy (displacement) when designing the high water level.
  • the seabed is fixed at the bottom of the facility, relying on long Piles or suction piles are resistant to slippage and overturning.
  • the combined liquid storage tank of this application is an internal pressure vessel under most working conditions and is designed and constructed using existing concrete technology.
  • PCT/CN2009 application number: PCT/CN2009
  • LPG LPG
  • the seawater in the ballast tank of the tank in the process and the LNG or LPG in the LNG or LPG tank are replaced by equal mass flow rate during the loading and unloading process to ensure the operating weight of the system.
  • the equal mass flow rate replacement of the process is usually achieved by the associated load pump and external pump linkage.
  • the saturated gas above the liquid in the LNG or LPG storage tank comes from or returns to different positions in the upper facility flow of the multifunctional base.
  • the gas above the seawater inside the seawater ballast tank comes from or returns to the upper part of the upper facility flow of the multifunctional base. Different bit positions.
  • the patent application also discloses a horizontal long cylindrical combined liquid storage tank matched with the above process, and an offshore floating and fixed facility based on the liquid storage tank for drilling, production and natural gas liquefaction in an offshore gas field. And storage, but does not involve the storage of crude oil.
  • the application of the horizontal long cylindrical combined liquid storage tank is designed and built using existing concrete technology.
  • the above first application also has the following deficiencies: 1.
  • the outer wall of the storage tank of the vertical "up and down can” type and the horizontal "left and right can” type combination tank is sea. Once the wall is broken, the reservoir will cause pollution.
  • the application of the fixed combination tank and its application - the fixed platform and the fixed artificial island adopt the small underwater weight and the pile foundation to resist the slip and anti-overturn, eliminating the gravity foundation; the long pile needs piling , did not propose a viable "self-installation” program. 3.
  • the combined tank structure and scale of the floating platform and floating artificial island of the application have great influence on the hydrodynamic performance of the floating body.
  • the above second application also has the above-mentioned deficiencies of items 1 and 2, and also has the following disadvantages: Because the horizontal long cylindrical combination tank is composed of multiple combinations of end to end The total elongation of the axial elongation of each combination tank due to the internal pressure is not negligible. The application does not target water. The characteristics of the flat-type combination tank propose a structural connection optimization scheme. Summary of the invention
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a unit can of steel plate and concrete composite structure which has good tensile and compressive effects, high structural strength, low difficulty in construction and construction, small construction period, short construction period, low cost and simple maintenance.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a unit assembly tank for storing industrial liquids at sea, which is composed of the above plurality of unit tanks.
  • the present invention provides a unit tank of a steel plate and a concrete composite structure, the unit tank comprising: a concrete outer tank, including an outer cylinder, a head and a connecting structure disposed at both ends of the outer cylinder; An inner can, comprising an inner cylinder, an epitaxial structure disposed at two ends of the inner cylinder, the inner cylinder being connected to the outer cylinder through the epitaxial structure; an isolation layer, the inner inner tank A gap is formed with the outer can of the concrete, and the isolating layer is filled with an isolating medium.
  • the unit tank as described above wherein one end of the epitaxial structure of the steel inner can is fixedly connected to the connecting structure of one end of the outer can of the concrete to form a fixed connection structure; the other end of the epitaxial structure is slidably connected to a joint structure of the other end of the concrete outer tank forms a sliding joint structure, so that the steel inner tank can slide along the central axis in the concrete outer tank; the concrete outer tank, the steel The inner can and the isolation layer are connected by the fixed connection structure and the sliding connection structure to form a unitary structure.
  • the unit can as described above, wherein the epitaxial structure is a cylindrical epitaxial structure or a leg epitaxial structure formed by extending outwardly from both ends of the inner cylinder.
  • the storage tank and the seawater ballast tank of the combined liquid storage tank are arranged in a vertical vertical or horizontal horizontal or horizontal tank or in a tank; the steel inner tank is in contact with a corrosive liquid such as sea water or crude oil.
  • the surface is coated with a protective coating.
  • the liquid storage tank is used for storing various industrial liquids, such as crude oil, refined oil, LPG, LNG, etc.
  • the bulkhead of the liquid storage tank is a steel single bulkhead or The composite bulkhead
  • the composite bulkhead storing the low-temperature liquid such as LNG is a steel plate, a thermal insulation material layer and an outer steel plate which are resistant to ultra-low temperature and low linear expansion rate from the inside to the outside.
  • the system pressure of the insulation medium of the insulation layer can be set according to the external pressure of the concrete outer tank and the internal pressure of the steel inner tank as needed The purpose is to reduce the pressure load acting on the concrete casing and the steel inner can; the system pressure of the insulation medium is controllable and safe to release.
  • the present invention also provides a monomer group tank for storing industrial liquids at sea, the monomer group tank being composed of one unit tank or at least two unit tanks, wherein the at least two unit tanks are sequentially connected in parallel by a connection structure. Or the first and last series fixed connection, the top of the monomer group tank is submerged under water or protrudes from the water surface; the unit tanks in the monomer group tank are erected to form a vertical monomer group tank, or the monomer The unit tanks in the group tanks are arranged in a horizontal position to form a horizontal unit group tank.
  • the function is to increase buoyancy for construction and towing, to adjust the position of the center of gravity and increase the weight, to add additional mass and damping to the floating monomer tank, to improve the hydrodynamic performance, and to improve the seabed erosion for the stationary monomer tank.
  • the monomer group tank is a floating monomer group tank, and the floating monomer group tank is anchored to a seabed by mooring legs; or the monomer group tank
  • the fixed monocoque tank is fixed on the seabed by a suction pile foundation or a long pile foundation or a gravity foundation or a combination of a pile and a gravity foundation.
  • the closed steel pipe pile is inserted into the pile sleeve of the monomer group tank before being towed by the monomer group tank and temporarily fixed, and is installed at the time of offshore installation by means of the monomer group tank Gravity pushes the pile into the seabed; the installation steps are as follows: 1) The monomer group can float, tow, position and position, open the venting raft, relieve the temporary fixation of the pile, and lower the long pile into the mud by self-weight; 2) Closed The steel pipe pile and the monomer group tank are temporarily fixed again, and the water is pressurized to the monomer group tank to make the pile under the pile.
  • ballast water volume of the unit tanks of different orientations is adjusted according to the level of the monomer group tank; 3) After the bottom of the tank sinks to the seabed, the temporary fixing of the pile is lifted again, and the drainage causes the single-group tank to float. 4) Repeat the above-mentioned steps of pile-up-re-pushing, and let the pile reach the designed depth of the mud. The seabed is seated, and the pile and the tank are officially fixed; 5) The water injection and discharge are opened. After closing the exhaust full of water and water Min Min, discharging the excess monomer ballast water tank, complete offshore installation.
  • the closed steel pipe pile can be pulled up by the floating of the single-group tank; the steps of pulling the pile are as follows: 1) Excluding the liquid in the monomer group and the fixed ballast, so that The monomer group tank is in light load state, open the venting valve, realize the floating of the monomer group tank and the initial pile pulling; 2) The monomer group tank floats to the water surface, and closes the water injection after filling the closed steel pipe pile with water Exhaust ⁇ , release of the pile, the water column in the closed steel pipe pile can ensure that the long pile will not sink due to its own weight; 3) Pressurize the water in the monomer tank to make the monomer tank sink again Temporarily fix the pile and the tank; 4) Repeat the above-mentioned row of floating piles - water injection in the pile to prevent sinking, release the fixed-ballasted bottom of the pile and temporarily fix the closed steel pipe pile - re-discharge the pile Until the pile is completely pulled out; when the pile is pulled out, the gas can be injected
  • the steel pipe is controlled by the gravity of the monomer tank and the ballast, and the steel pipe is controlled to open and close the gas enthalpy, the gas inlet enthalpy and the water inlet raft.
  • the pile is pressed into the seabed and the pile is taken.
  • the invention also provides an offshore platform for offshore oil and gas field development, drilling, oil and gas production, natural gas liquefaction, natural gas chemical and liquid storage, the offshore platform comprising: 1) one or more of the above a monomer tank for storing the produced liquid of the platform, the tank is provided with or without a vertically permeable moon pool, the top of the tank is submerged under water or protrudes from the water surface; 2) upper facility , including drilling, oil and gas production and storage, utilities and facilities required for life, above the surface above the monomer tank, connected to the monomer tank through the leg structure; 3) floating the offshore platform A positioning system positioned at sea, including a mooring leg system, a dynamic positioning system, or a combination of both; or an infrastructure that secures an offshore platform to the seabed, including a long pile foundation or a suction pile foundation, a gravity foundation, or a pile foundation A combination with a gravity basis.
  • the parallel monomer group can includes a main body and a skirt bottom chamber connected to a lower portion of the main body, the main body being closely arranged by the at least two unit tanks in a single layer or a plurality of concentric circles, and a concentric center through hole
  • the central unit tank may or may not be disposed, and the upper and lower ends of the vertical parallel monomer group tank are connected by a connection structure of the concrete shell and extend outward to form a flat cylinder having a diameter equal to the outer unit tank Projecting the diameter of the circumscribed circle, the center of the upper and lower flat cylindrical connecting structure of the vertical unit group tank not having the central unit tank is provided with a circular hole, and the circular hole is connected to
  • the offshore floating platform as described above wherein the bottom and top planes of the flat cylindrical connecting structure are respectively swelled downward and upward to form a conical surface, and intersect with the outer unit tank of the vertical parallel monomer group tank An intersecting line is formed, the purpose of which is to reduce the vertical wave force generated by the downward and upward diffraction of the wave water quality point; the cone angle of the tapered surface is not more than 45 degrees.
  • the skirt bottom compartment is fixedly coupled to the flat cylindrical connecting structure of the main body by a plurality of evenly connected connecting members, the skirt bottom compartment being flush with the bottom of the flat cylindrical connecting structure and having a radial clearance of not less than 0 ⁇
  • the length of the base of the rectangular skirt is not less than 0.3 times the radius of the flat cylindrical connecting structure, the length of the rectangle perpendicular to the side of the bottom edge.
  • the top of the annular skirt bottom compartment is at a depth that is less affected by the waves, and the inside of the annular skirt bottom compartment is provided with a liquid storage tank and a seawater ballast tank.
  • a liquid storage tank and a seawater ballast tank.
  • the skirt bottom compartment; or the annular skirt bottom compartment is completely broken into a fracture at the notch, forming a plurality of intermittent and uniform annular skirt bottom compartments, the fracture being sized to ensure that the offshore platform is in motion During the process, the mooring legs do not touch or collide with the bottom skirt.
  • the offshore floating platform comprises at least two horizontal series unit tanks of the unit tanks, wherein the unit tanks are laid flat, and the unit tanks are connected end to end and kept at a certain distance.
  • the horizontal series monomer group can be connected as a whole through a horizontal connecting plate at both ends thereof and a plurality of horizontal connecting rods at an intermediate portion; the unit tanks in the horizontal series single unit tank are submerged under water, horizontally parallel and Maintaining a certain distance, at least two unit tanks of the horizontal unit group tank are connected in series to form a horizontal long cylinder, and the steel inner tank of the unit tank has a cylindrical epitaxial structure at both ends;
  • the epitaxial structure of the cylinder body is a fixed connection structure
  • the two cylindrical epitaxial structures can be welded into one body, and then fixed with the connection structure of the concrete outer tank; when the epitaxial structure of two adjacent steel cylinder bodies
  • the two extension structures When all are slip-type connection structures, or one is a slip-type connection structure, and the other is a fixed connection structure, the two
  • the present invention has the following features and advantages:
  • the unit tank of the steel plate and concrete composite structure of the invention fully utilizes the respective advantages of the concrete and the steel plate material, and circumvents their respective shortcomings; relies on the separation layer between the concrete outer can and the steel inner can, and utilizes the static pressure of the seawater outside the storage tank and The internal reservoir pressure improves the stress on the tank structure. Due to the existence of the isolation layer, the underwater storage tank of the present invention becomes a double-layer tank, and the damage of any layer does not cause the risk of leakage of the liquid storage, which is safe and environmentally friendly.
  • the invention tank can store various industrial liquid products including LNG.
  • the storage tank of the invention has the advantages of low difficulty and small complexity in construction and construction, short construction period, low cost and simple maintenance.
  • the marine floating and fixed platform based on the unit tank of the steel plate and concrete composite structure of the invention is in the present application
  • the overall and structural design of the platform with underwater storage tanks, especially the floating platform is optimized and floated.
  • the platform fully meets the requirements for drilling and installing dry wellheads, extending the scope of application, enabling the platform to be used both for the development and production of offshore oil and gas fields, as well as for the production and storage of offshore LPG and LNG; for stationary with submarine storage tanks.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a unit tank of a steel plate and concrete composite structure according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of a portion B of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of a portion C of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the extension structure of the steel inner can body leg of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a structural view of a closed steel pipe pile of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is an elevational view of a vertical honeycomb unit of a square honeycomb arrangement of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line G-G of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural view of the offshore floating platform of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the first embodiment of the horizontal unit group tank adjacent unit tank structure connection;
  • Figure 12 is a partial enlarged view of the portion D of Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the second embodiment of the horizontal unit stacking unit adjacent unit tank structure connection;
  • Figure 14 is a partial enlarged view of the E portion of Figure 13;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the third embodiment of the structural connection of the adjacent unit cans of the horizontal unit group tank of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a partially enlarged view of the portion F of Figure 15;
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 are respectively a structural schematic view of a unit tank of a steel plate and a concrete composite structure according to the present invention; a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1; a partial enlarged view of a portion B of FIG. 1; and a portion C of FIG. Partially enlarged view.
  • the unit tank 1 of the steel sheet and concrete composite structure of the present invention comprises:
  • Concrete rigid outer can (hereinafter referred to as “concrete outer can 2")
  • the concrete outer can 2 includes a concrete outer can body (hereinafter referred to as "outer cylinder 3"), a concrete structure or a steel structure disposed at both ends of the outer cylinder or The head and the joint structure of the hybrid structure; the head includes an arched head and a flat head (as shown in Figures 3 and 4).
  • the concrete structure of the present invention includes all structures in which concrete is the main building material, such as reinforced concrete structure, prestressed concrete structure, steel reinforced concrete structure, steel reinforced concrete structure (BI-STEEL), fiber reinforced concrete structure and the like.
  • Steel inner tank 5 located inside the concrete outer tank 2, including a cylindrical steel container (hereinafter referred to as "inner cylinder"
  • the epitaxial structure is the inner cylinder 6 a cylindrical epitaxial structure 7 extending directly to both ends (as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4).
  • the epitaxial structure is an inner cylinder
  • Extension structure 8 of the leg extending to both ends (as shown in Figure 5).
  • the gap between the steel inner can 5 and the concrete outer can 2 (including the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and the gap between the head of the steel inner can 5 and the head of the concrete outer can 2)
  • the isolation layer 9 is formed, and the isolation layer 9 is filled with an isolation medium as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the isolation medium is an inert gas or a liquid or an inert gas plus a flexible solid material Material or liquid plus flexible solid material, its main function is to avoid or reduce the possibility of direct transfer of strain and stress between the steel inner tank 5 and the concrete outer tank 2 due to internal and external pressure.
  • the unit tank of the steel plate and the concrete composite structure used in the invention is used for storing industrial liquid products in water, such as crude oil, refined oil, LNG, LPG, etc.; the unit tank of the invention fully utilizes the concrete material to have high compressive strength and steel resistance
  • the strong physical properties of the steel tank inner wall of the steel tank of the unit tank and the concrete tank wall of the concrete outer tank are respectively subjected to tensile stress and compressive stress, thereby greatly improving the structural strength of the unit tank and having construction
  • the construction is characterized by low difficulty and complexity, short construction period, low cost and simple maintenance.
  • one end of the epitaxial structure 7 of the steel inner can 5 is fixedly connected to the connection structure 4 at the end of the concrete outer can 2 Forming a fixed connection structure 20 (as shown in FIG. 3); the other end of the extension structure 7 is slidably connected to the connection structure 4 at the other end of the concrete outer can 2 to form a sliding connection structure 21 (as shown in FIG. 4).
  • the steel inner can 5 can be slid along the central axis in the concrete outer can 2, and a sliding structure is required to be provided in the connecting structure 4 of the concrete outer can to reserve the expansion gap 22, the main purpose of which is to avoid the constrained steel.
  • the axial elongation of the inner can due to internal pressure.
  • the 20 and slip joint structure 21 allows the concrete outer can 2, the steel inner can 5 and the barrier layer 9 to form a rigid unitary structure.
  • the steel inner can 5 comprises at least one set of structurally symmetric storage tanks 10 and a combined liquid storage tank of seawater ballast tanks 11 (hereinafter referred to as "" Combination tank").
  • the combined tank can realize the adjustment of the operating weight and even the operation weight by means of the loading of ballast seawater.
  • Each group of storage tanks 10 and seawater ballast tanks 11 are arranged in three configurations: vertical up and down, horizontal left and right, and tank cans.
  • the inside of the inner cylinder 6 of the steel inner tank 5 is divided into two by a head, forming two tanks, one for the liquid storage tank and the other for the seawater ballast tank; or As shown, the inside of the inner cylinder 6 is divided into three by the two heads to form three compartments, one large compartment is a storage tank, usually in the middle, and the other two are seawater ballast tanks, usually in the upper and lower At the end, the two seawater ballast tanks are connected by pipes (not shown in Figure 1) to form a substantial seawater ballast tank.
  • the horizontal left and right type that is, the inner cylinder 6 of the horizontal horizontal steel inner can 5 is divided into three by the left and right sides of the two heads to form three compartments, one central large compartment is a liquid storage compartment, and the left and right ends are two
  • the small tanks are seawater ballast tanks that are connected together by pipes to form a substantial seawater ballast tank.
  • the canister type that is, the reservoir 10 is located inside the seawater ballast tank 11, both having the same central axis.
  • the steel inner can 5 does not have a seawater ballast tank, and the steel inner can 5 is a liquid storage tank.
  • the surface of the steel inner can 5 in the unit tank 1 and the corrosive liquid such as seawater are coated with a protective coating.
  • the steel inner tank 5 of the present invention wherein the liquid storage tank 10 is used for storing various industrial liquids such as crude oil, refined oil, LPG, LNG and the like.
  • the bulkhead of the storage tank 10 is a steel single bulkhead or composite bulkhead to accommodate the characteristics of different industrial liquid storage.
  • the tank wall of a storage tank storing cryogenic liquids such as LNG is usually from the outside to the inside: a, 16MnR steel tank wall, b, low temperature insulation material, such as nitrogen positive pressure pearlescent sand, c, ultra-low temperature resistant steel , such as low temperature resistant austenitic stainless steel 0Cr l8Ni9 inner tank wall.
  • the support between the inner and outer cylinders is a combination of epoxy glass reinforced plastic and 0Cr l8Ni9 steel sheet with low temperature resistance and good heat insulation performance. Insulation can be added to the bulkheads of storage tanks with higher temperature stocks, such as hot crude oil.
  • the primary function of the barrier layer 9 is to prevent direct contact between the surface strain and stress caused by internal stresses in the steel inner can 5 to the rigid monolithic outer can 2 .
  • the system pressure of the barrier layer 9 is resizable and safe to release.
  • the system pressure can be set according to the external seawater static pressure of the concrete outer tank 2 and the internal pressure of the steel inner tank 5, in order to reduce the pressure load acting on the concrete outer tank 2 and the steel inner tank 5. .
  • the concrete outer tank of the unit tank is subjected to internal and external The pressure balance, which is of great significance for the structural design of the tank in deep water.
  • the steel inner tank inside the unit tank is 40 meters high, and the crude oil needs to be sent to the water surface 20 meters above the surface by the pressure of compressed nitrogen inside the steel inner tank.
  • the minimum pressure of compressed nitrogen is 1020 meters high. According to this, the nitrogen pressure can be set to 102 atmospheres.
  • the isolation layer of the unit tank is connected with the external seawater.
  • the maximum external hydrostatic pressure is at the bottom of the tank.
  • the minimum external hydrostatic pressure is at the top of the tank.
  • the pressure inside and outside the tank is equal and does not need to be designed according to the pressure vessel.
  • the liquid storage and seawater of the deep water storage tank and the seawater ballast tank can be effluxed by the pressure of the gas without using a pump, and the deep water underwater pump can be avoided, and the investment and operation and maintenance costs are reduced, which is the advantage of the unit tank of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 are elevational views of a square honeycomb-arranged vertical monolithic can of the present invention and FIG. 7 GG section view.
  • the invention also proposes a monomer group tank 12 for storing industrial liquids at sea, which is formed by at least two unit tanks 1 in sequence through a parallel connection of the connection structure 4 or a series connection of the first and last ends, forming a whole.
  • the unit stack can 12 can also be constructed separately from a unit tube 1.
  • the unit tanks 1 in the monomer group tank 12 are erected to form a vertical unit group tank, or the unit tanks 1 in the unit group tank 12 are laid flat to form a horizontal unit group tank.
  • the top of the monomer stack can 12 is submerged or protrudes from the water.
  • the monomer group tank 12 is divided into a floating monomer group tank and a fixed unit group tank according to the positioning state in seawater, and the floating unit group tank is anchored to the seabed by mooring legs, and the fixed type monomer group tank is fixed. It is fixed on the seabed by suction pile or long pile or gravity foundation, or fixed on the seabed by the combination of pile and gravity foundation.
  • the vertical parallel monomer group tank includes a main body 24 and a skirt bottom chamber 25 connected to a lower portion of the main body 24.
  • the main body 24 is closely connected into a rectangular honeycomb by 9 (representing two or more) unit tanks 1 Shapes, or other shapes, such as hexagons, multi-layer concentric circles, etc., are connected as a unitary structure by the heads of the outer cans of the concrete tanks at the upper and lower ends of the unit tank 1 and the joint structure 4.
  • an auxiliary connection is also made between the outer cylinders 3 of the concrete tank of the unit tank.
  • the heads and connecting structures of the concrete outer cans at the upper and lower ends of the nine unit tanks are connected to form a rectangular flat cylindrical connecting structure.
  • the roots of the body 24 are flanked by a split skirt bilge 25.
  • the single-unit tank 12 of the offshore platform shown in FIG. 9 is also a parallel vertical single-unit tank, and also includes a main body 24 composed of 6 unit tanks and a wraparound skirt bottom tank. 18; the two can be directly connected into one body, or there may be a radial gap as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, and the wraparound skirt bottom chamber is formed as a separate "ring" which is connected by the connecting member 19 and is dedicated to floating. Facilities. As shown in Fig.
  • the annular skirt bottom compartment 18 is a circular skirt bottom compartment, and may also be a positive polygonal annular skirt bottom compartment.
  • the omni-lateral circular skirt bilge is connected by a plurality of elongated skirts of equal length in a regular polygon, and the long strip is less difficult to construct than the arc.
  • the cross section of the skirt bottom compartment is usually rectangular or polygonal, the bottom is flush with the bottom of the main body, the height is much smaller than the height of the main body, and the top is submerged in water in the in-state state (IN-PLACE). under.
  • the inner space of the skirt bottom compartment may be provided with one or more of a storage tank, a seawater ballast tank, and a fixed ballast tank as needed.
  • the function of the skirt bottom compartment is to increase buoyancy for construction and towing, to adjust the position of the center of gravity and to increase the weight, to add additional mass and damping to the floating monocoque tank, to improve hydrodynamic performance, to improve the seabed for stationary monomer tanks. Scour the situation.
  • the main body 24 of the above vertical parallel monomer group can be placed horizontally to form a horizontal parallel monomer group can.
  • the cylinders 3 of the concrete outer tanks of the plurality of unit tanks 1 of the horizontal unit tank are joined end to end to form a single horizontally long cylindrical horizontal unit group tank.
  • Both ends of the steel inner can 5 inside each unit can 1 have a cylindrical epitaxial structure.
  • the horizontal series cell stacks described above are placed vertically to form a vertical series cell stack.
  • FIG. 6 it is a structural view of the closed steel pipe pile of the present invention.
  • the long pile foundation of the fixed type monomer tank is a closed steel pipe pile 26, and the closed steel pipe pile 26 includes a round steel pipe 31 and a welded sealing head 30 at the top thereof, and a venting dam 28 is installed on the sealing head 30, and the intake air is provided. ⁇ 29 and water ⁇ 27.
  • the steel pipe pile 26 is inserted into the pile sleeve of the single-group tank before being towed by the single-group tank and temporarily fixed. When the pile is pressed at the sea, the pile is pressed into the seabed by the gravity of the single-group tank and water ballast.
  • the installation steps are as follows: 1) The monomer group can be floated and towed, and then placed and positioned after the oilfield site, the venting shovel 28 is opened, the temporary fixing of the pile 26 is released, and the closed steel pipe pile is placed under the self-weight; 2) The closed steel pipe pile 26 and the monomer group tank 12 are temporarily fixed again, and the water is pressurized to the monomer group tank to make the pile under the pile. According to the calculation result of the pile driving force for each pile, the two are symmetrically The root piles are grouped, and the number of piles is determined.
  • the ballast water volume of the unit tanks in different orientations is adjusted in time; 3) the bottom of the tank sinks to the seabed Afterwards, the temporary fixing of the pile is lifted again, and the drainage unit is used to float the monomer group; 4) repeating the steps of pressing the pile-up-re-pushing pile, and when the pile reaches the depth of the design, let the tank bottom sit on the bottom and then pile It is officially fixed with the tank; 5) Open the water inlet 27 venting water, close the exhaust ⁇ 28 and the water inlet ⁇ 27 after the water is full, the purpose of this method is to be able to carry the lower end of the soil plug after the pile is completed, and discharge the single Excess ballast water in the body tank 12, complete the offshore pile
  • the present invention adopts the pile-based fixed type monomer can of the above-mentioned closed steel pipe pile 26, wherein the closed steel pipe pile 26 can rely on the monomer group 12 to drain and float to realize the pile pulling, and then the monomer group can is wet and towed away.
  • the steps of pulling the pile are as follows: 1) Excluding the liquid in the monomer group tank 12 and the fixed ballast, opening the venting damper 28, realizing the floating of the monomer group tank and initial pulling; 2) the monomer group tank 12 floats to the water surface, After filling the closed steel pipe pile 26 with water, the water injection port 27 and the deflation port 28 are closed, and the pile is fixed.
  • the water column in the closed steel pipe pile 26 can ensure that the long pile does not sink due to its own weight; 3)
  • the monomer group tank 12 is pressurized with water to make it sink down again, and the closed steel pipe pile 26 and the tank body 12 are temporarily fixed; 4) repeating the above-mentioned row loading and unloading pile-pile water injection to prevent sinking and lifting
  • the pile is fixed-ballasted and the long pile is temporarily fixed.
  • the pile is pulled up again until the pile is completely pulled out.
  • the pile is pulled to the shallow surface of the seabed, it can also pass through the intake ⁇ 29 Injecting gas, pull out the pile and lift it to the desired position by the buoyancy increased by air pressure and drainage; 5) Fix the pile and the tank to complete the pile pulling operation.
  • the steel is controlled by the gravity of the monomer tank and water ballast, and the opening and closing of the bleed air enthalpy, the intake enthalpy and the water inlet raft are controlled.
  • the pipe pile is pressed into the seabed and the pile is taken.
  • the invention also proposes an offshore platform for offshore oil and gas field development, drilling, oil and gas production, natural gas liquefaction, liquid storage, both floating and stationary.
  • the two forms of offshore platforms are composed of three parts: 1) an underwater storage tank, which is one or more monomer tanks 12 as described above floating on the sea or fixed on the seabed.
  • the top of monomer group 12 is submerged under water or extended to the surface;
  • the offshore platform of the drilling or platform wellhead facility, the monohull tank 12 of the offshore platform is provided with a vertically permeable moon pool 14 ; 2) the upper facility 15 is located above the water surface above the monomer group tank 12, through the leg structure 16 is connected to the monomer group tank 12, and the upper facility 15 includes drilling equipment, oil and gas production and storage equipment, public systems and living facilities, etc.; 3) a positioning system for floating the offshore platform at sea, including a mooring leg system, Dynamic positioning system or a combination of both (not shown in Figure 9); or an infrastructure that secures an offshore platform to the seabed, including pile foundations, ie long pile foundations or suction pile foundations, gravity foundations or pile foundations Gravity-based compositions.
  • the offshore platform can have various structural forms.
  • the offshore platform is an offshore floating artificial island, which is characterized by the height of the tank top of the floating monocoque stack 12. The water surface has a certain height. If the tank top of the floating monocoque tank 12 is submerged to a certain depth under water, the leg structure 16 has sufficient waterline surface area to ensure the stability of the floating platform, thereby forming a float with an underwater storage tank. Platform.
  • the offshore platform becomes a fixed artificial island; when the top of the monomer group tank 12 is submerged under water At a certain depth, the offshore platform becomes a fixed platform with submarine storage tanks.
  • the liquid storage and ballast seawater of the offshore platform can be directly transported by an external pump, such as a pump chamber pump or a deep well pump or an external underwater pump; or relying on the pressure energy of a compressed gas containing no oxygen, such as nitrogen or natural gas.
  • the inlet of the external pump that is discharged to the surface above the water surface is then externally transferred by the external pump.
  • the advantage of the former is that the internal pressure of the liquid storage tank and the seawater ballast tank is small, the amount of steel used in the bulkhead is small, and the cost is low.
  • the disadvantage is that the system in the cabin is complicated, the maintenance workload is large, and the cost and operation cost of the pump are high. The latter is the opposite.
  • the pressure in the cabin is high and the bulkhead steel plate is thick.
  • the external pump of the relay can adopt the conventional centrifugal pump, and the system is simple and the maintenance workload is small.
  • the invention proposes a scheme of using a gas pressure energy plus an external pump. During the process of liquid storage, it can be replaced with ballast water by equal mass flow rate or non-equal mass flow rate, or not with ballast seawater. Wait The mass flow rate replacement is preferably carried out by using the "mass flow rate replacement process such as closed gas pressure connected ballast seawater and liquid storage" and "the mass flow rate replacement process of ballast seawater and liquefied natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas" as mentioned in the background section. .
  • the equal mass flow rate replacement process can ensure that the operating weight of the platform during the loading and unloading process is constant, and the draft depth of the floating platform is constant, which is very important for the floating platform with the dry wellhead installed.
  • the non-equal mass flow rate replacement with ballast seawater can be used in the process of liquid storage outside, or not replaced with ballast water, relying on floating platform loading-drink
  • the automatic adjustment mechanism achieves a balance of loading and buoyancy, which has the advantage of greatly increasing the volume of the reservoir 10 of the steel inner can 5 to increase the liquid storage capacity of the platform.
  • the underwater storage tank of the floating platform on the sea is a vertical parallel single-unit tank 12, which is arranged in a single or multi-layer concentric circle, and the center of the concentric circle may or may not be centered.
  • the unit tank (shown in Figure 10 is a unit group of 6 unit tanks arranged in a circular arrangement, without a central unit tank), and the connection structure of the concrete shells at the upper and lower ends is connected and expanded into a flat cylinder 13,
  • the diameter of the upper and lower unit cans is equal to the diameter of the circumscribed circle, and the center of the upper and lower flat cylindrical connection structure of the vertical unit can without the central unit can is a circular hole, and the diameter of the circular hole is equal to the vacant
  • the outer diameter of the central unit can body forms a vertical monocoque tank with a top and bottom permeate pool 14; the bottom of the vertical unit stack 13 is affected by waves with a small depth.
  • the vertical parallel monomer tank 12 of the offshore floating platform wherein the bottom and top planes of the upper and lower flat cylindrical connecting structures 13 are respectively swelled downward and upward to form a conical surface 17, and a vertical monocoque can
  • the outer unit cans intersect to form an intersecting line, the purpose of which is to reduce the wave force generated by the downward and upward diffraction of the wave water point; the cone angle of the cone is no more than 45 degrees (see Figure 9).
  • the wraparound skirt bottom hull 18 at the lower end of the main body 24 of the vertical parallel monomer can of the floating offshore platform is a circular or regular polygonal annular skirt bilge, the bottom of the annular skirt bilge 18 Forming a flush with the bottom of the lower end flat cylindrical connecting structure 13 of the vertical monomer can, the circular or regular polygonal annular skirt bottom chamber has a rectangular cross section, and the section width is not less than the flat cylindrical connection The ratio of the height of the section to the width is not less than 0.30, and the skirt bottom compartment is fixedly coupled to the flat cylindrical connecting structure 13 by a plurality of evenly connected connecting members 19. Please note that the connecting member 19 shown in Fig.
  • the radial minimum clearance of the annular skirt bilge and the flat cylinder is not less than 0.3 m, and the top of the skirt bilge is at a depth that is less affected by the waves, which is usually not less than 30 m in the South China Sea.
  • the space in the bottom compartment of the skirt can be provided with a storage tank, a seawater ballast tank, and a fixed ballast tank (not shown in Figure 9 for simplicity).
  • the cable guide for the mooring leg is located on the floating platform above the annular skirt bilge 18, and a notch is formed in a portion where the inner diameter mooring leg of the circular skirt hull 18 passes, that is, the mooring leg passage 22 Ensure that the mooring leg does not hit the skirt bottom during the movement; or the circular skirt hopper 18 is completely broken at the notch to form a plurality of uniform skirts.
  • the skirt bottom compartment has three important functions: First, the position of the center of gravity of the platform is adjusted by adding a fixed ballast. The second is to increase the additional mass and damping of the floating offshore platform and improve hydrodynamic performance. The third is to provide sufficient buoyancy and waterline area during construction and towing to ensure that the platform can be built with a smaller draft (eg
  • the skirt bottom compartment 18 and the skirt bottom compartment connecting member 19 are constructed of steel or reinforced concrete structures or hybrid structures.
  • the floating platform of the present invention has the characteristics of "INTRINSIC STABILITY", which is that the motion response of the floating body is very small under severe sea conditions; Due to the increase in its natural period, for example, the heave period has increased from more than 20 seconds to more than 30 seconds, the radius of gyration of the roll and pitch is increased, the motion damping is increased, and the wave load is not increased by much, so that the invention floats The hydrodynamic performance of the platform is superior to the current SPAR platform.
  • the underwater storage tank of the floating offshore platform is two horizontal series single-unit tanks which are submerged, parallel, and kept at a certain distance, and pass through horizontal connecting plates and intermediate portions at both ends of the monomer group tank.
  • the plurality of horizontal connecting rods are connected in one piece.
  • the barrels of the concrete outer cans of the plurality of unit tanks in which the two rows of legs are connected to the horizontal unit stack are joined to form a single horizontal long cylinder to form a long cylindrical horizontal unit stack.
  • the steel inner can inside the long cylindrical horizontal unit tank has a cylindrical epitaxial structure at both ends.
  • one of the two epitaxial structures may be Insert into another cylinder, and at the same time realize the sliding or fixed connection with the concrete shell connection structure, so that each sliding epitaxial structure can be simultaneously in the joint structure of the concrete shell and the cylinder body of another extension structure (or outside the cylinder) ) slip (see Figures 13, 14 and Figures 15, 16).
  • the foundation long pile of the above fixed offshore platform is a closed steel pipe pile, and the structure, the method and the step of the construction work of the closed steel pipe pile, the pile installation and the floating pile are fixed with the pile foundation.
  • the monomer group tanks are the same and will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the level of the platform needs to be controlled during the process of pile driving and pile pulling. All unnecessary liquid and bulk materials in the upper part of the platform need to be removed when pulling the pile. The liquid in the monomer group can 12 and the fixed ballast are excluded, so that the platform is in a light load state.
  • the unit tank of the steel plate and concrete composite structure of the invention is used for storing industrial liquid products in water, such as crude oil, refined oil, LNG, LPG, etc.; the purpose is to make full use of the different characteristics of the concrete material and the steel, so that the unit
  • the steel tank wall of the steel inner tank of the tank and the concrete tank wall of the concrete outer tank are respectively subjected to tensile stress and compressive stress.
  • a plurality of the above unit tanks are connected together to form a monomer group tank.

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Abstract

一种钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐、单元组罐、及海上平台，所述单元罐包括：混凝土外罐，包括外筒体，设置在所述外筒体两端的封头和连接结构；钢制内罐，包括内筒体，设置在所述内筒体两端的外延结构，所述内筒体通过所述外延结构与所述外筒体相连接；隔离层，由所述钢制内罐与所述混凝土外罐之间的空隙构成，在所述隔离层内填充有隔离介质。所述单元组罐由一个或至少两个单元罐构成；所述海上平台包括上述单元罐。上述单元罐结构强度高，施工建造难度低，复杂性小。

Description

钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐、 单元组罐及海上平台
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钢板和混凝土复合罐壁的储罐 （单元罐、 单元组罐） ， 用于在水 下储存工业液态产品， 如原油、 成品油、 LNG、 LPG等， 及以所述复合罐壁的储罐为基础 的海上储液、 钻井和生产设施。 背景技术 针对申请人先前两个 PCT发明专利申请： "液体储存、 装卸装置及以其为基础的海 上钻井和生产设施" （申请号： PCT/CN2009/000320 ) 和 "压载海水与液化天然气或液 化石油气的等质量流率置换流程和多功能海上基地" （申请号： PCT/CN2009/001008 ) 存在的不足， 本发明公开了一种钢板和混凝土复合结构的储罐， 并及以其为基础， 改进 了上述两个专利申请所涉及的海上平台等海上设施。
为了解决现行水下湿式储油和干式储油污染环境、 操作重量变化大等缺点， 本申请 人在先前 PCT发明申请 "液体储存、装卸装置及以其为基础的海上钻井和生产设施"（申 请号： PCT/CN2009/000320 ) 中， 披露了一种新型水下储液流程， 即 "密闭气压连通式 压载海水和储液等质量流率置换流程"。 该流程的储液舱和海水压载舱密闭， 两舱液体 的上部预充一定压力的氮气， 氮气通过两舱顶部的管道和闽门连通成为同一个压力系 统； 两舱中任何一舱的液体排出， 另一舱必有等质量的另一种液体流入， 以保证储液在 装卸的过程中系统的操作重量不变。 密闭带压氮气的功能一是作为液体上方的覆盖气， 二是在两种液体间实现压力能的传递。氮气在系统装卸的过程中既不需要补充， 也没有 对外排放。 流程的等质量流率置换通常通过相关的装载泵和外输泵联动来实现， 其中压 载海水或储液首先是依靠舱内氮气的压力能被压送至外输泵的进口。该专利申请还披露 了与上述流程配套的组合式储液罐， 以及以该储液罐为基础的海上浮式和固定式平台， 用于海上油田的钻井、 生产和原油的储存， 但不涉及液化天然气 （英文缩写： LNG ) 等 的生产和储存。 该申请所涉及的固定式设施均采用 "小水下重量坐底"技术， 即该设施 的操作重量等于或略大于设计高水位时的浮力 （排水量） ， 该设施海床坐底固定， 依靠 长桩或吸力桩抗滑移、 抗倾覆。 该申请的组合式储液罐在多数工况下为内压容器， 采用 现有的混凝土技术设计建造。 为了解决 LNG在水下储存的难题， 本申请人在先前 PCT发明专利申请 "压载海水与 液化天然气或液化石油气的等质量流率置换流程和多功能海上基地" （申请号： PCT/CN2009/001008 )中， 披露了一种新型水下储存 LNG和液化石油气（英文缩写： LPG) 流程。该流程的储罐中的海水压载舱的海水和 LNG或 LPG储罐中的 LNG或 LPG在装卸过 程中实现等质量流率置换， 以保证系统操作重量不变。 流程的等质量流率置换通常是通 过相关的装载泵和外输泵联动来实现的。 在装卸的过程中， LNG或 LPG储罐内液体上方 的饱和气体来自或返回多功能基地上部设施流程的不同位置，海水压载舱内部海水上方 的气体来自或返回多功能基地上部设施流程上游的不同位位置。该专利申请还披露了与 上述流程配套的卧式长圆筒形组合式储液罐， 以及以该储液罐为基础的海上浮式和固定 式设施， 用于海上气田的钻井、 生产、 天然气液化和储存， 但没有涉及原油的储存。 该 申请卧式长圆筒形组合式储液罐采用现有的混凝土技术设计建造。
然而众所周知， 混凝土结构的特点是抗压强度远远大于抗拉强度； 因此混凝土储罐 适合承受外压而非内压。 目前， 采用混凝土建造的内压储罐的技术方案主要有两种： 预 应力钢筋混凝土结构和双钢板混凝土 （BI-STEEL ) 结构。 从纯理论角度而言， 现有的两 种方案用于内压容器不存在技术问题；但是，为了承受内压引起的作用于罐壁的拉应力， 必须采取很多特殊的技术措施， 使得混凝土储罐的设计和建造都面临了许多挑战， 大大 增加了施工建造的难度和复杂性， 延长了工期， 增加了造价。 上述两个申请无疑均存在 按现有技术建造混凝土内压容器的缺点。
上述第一个申请 （申请号： PCT/CN2009/000320 ) 还存在以下不足： 1.该申请垂直 "上下罐"式和水平 "左右罐"式组合罐的储液舱的筒壁外部为大海， 一旦筒壁破损， 储液将造成污染。 2.该申请固定式组合罐及其应用 -—固定式平台和固定式人工岛均采 用小水下重量坐底加桩基础抗滑移和抗倾覆， 排除了重力式基础； 其中长桩需要打桩， 没有提出可行的 "自安装"方案。 3.该申请的浮式平台和浮式人工岛的组合罐结构形式 和尺度对于浮体水动力性能影响极大， 该申请对于这些因素， 如浮式平台组合罐相关主 要尺度之间的优化关系， 部分构造优化设计， 均没有提出建议。 此外， 该申请对于组合 罐和平台如何在轻载状态尽可能减小吃水， 以便平台能够采用坞深 7〜9米干坞建造， 没有予以充分的关注。
上述第二个申请（申请号： PCT/CN2009/001008 ) 同样存在上述第 1和第 2项不足， 同时还存在以下不足： 由于卧式长圆筒形组合罐由多个首尾相接的多个组合罐组成的， 每个组合罐因内压造成的轴向伸长叠加后的总伸长是决不能忽视的， 该申请没有针对水 平卧式组合罐的特点提出结构连接优化方案。 发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种抗拉和抗压效果好， 结构强度高， 施工建造的难度低 和复杂性小， 工期短， 造价低、 维护简单的钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种由上述多个单元罐构成的海上储存工业液体的单 体组罐。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种用于海上油气田的开发、钻井、石油和天然气生产、 天然气液化、 天然气化工和液体储存的海上平台。
为达到上述目的， 本发明提出一种钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐， 所述单元罐包 括： 混凝土外罐， 包括外筒体， 设置在所述外筒体两端的封头和连接结构； 钢制内罐， 包括内筒体， 设置在所述内筒体两端的外延结构， 所述内筒体通过所述外延结构与所述 外筒体相连接； 隔离层， 由所述钢制内罐与所述混凝土外罐之间的空隙构成， 在所述隔 离层内填充有隔离介质。
如上所述的单元罐， 其中， 所述钢制内罐的外延结构的一端固定连接于所述混凝土 外罐一端的连接结构上， 形成固定式连接结构； 所述外延结构的另一端滑动连接于所述 混凝土外罐另一端的连接结构上， 形成滑移式连接结构， 使所述钢制内罐能在所述混凝 土外罐内沿中心轴线滑移； 所述混凝土外罐、 所述钢制内罐和所述隔离层通过所述固定 式连接结构和所述滑移式连接结构连接形成一整体结构。
如上所述的单元罐， 其中， 所述外延结构为由所述内筒体的两端分别向外延伸形成 的圆筒形外延结构或支腿外延结构。
如上所述的单元罐， 其中， 所述钢制内罐为包含至少一组结构对称的储液舱和海水 压载舱的组合式储液罐， 或仅含储液舱、 不含海水压载舱； 所述组合式储液罐的储液舱 和海水压载舱按垂直上下式或水平左右式或罐中罐式排列；所述钢制内罐与腐蚀性液体 如海水、 原油等接触的表面均涂有保护性的涂层。
如上所述的单元罐， 其中， 所述的储液舱用于储存各种工业液体， 如原油、成品油、 LPG、 LNG等； 所述的储液舱的舱壁为钢制单舱壁或复合舱壁； 所述储存低温液体如 LNG 的复合舱壁从内到外依次为耐超低温、 低线膨胀率的钢板、 保温隔热材料层和外钢板。
如上所述的单元罐， 其中， 所述隔离层的隔离介质为惰性气体或液体或惰性气体加 柔性固体材料或液体加柔性固体材料，其主要功能为避免或降低钢制内罐和混凝土外壳 罐壁之间的应变和应力直接接触传递的可能； 隔离层的隔离介质的系统压力可根据需 要、 按照所述混凝土外罐所受外部压力和所述钢制内罐所受内部压力进行设定， 目的在 于降低作用于所述混凝土外壳和钢制内罐的压力载荷；所述隔离介质的系统压力是可控 的和可安全释放的。
本发明还提供了一种海上储存工业液体的单体组罐，所述单体组罐由一个单元罐或 至少两个上述的单元罐构成，所述至少两个单元罐依次通过连接结构的并联或首尾串联 固定连接， 所述单体组罐的顶部潜没在水下或伸出水面； 所述单体组罐内的单元罐呈竖 立设置形成立式单体组罐， 或者所述单体组罐内的单元罐呈平卧设置形成卧式单体组 罐。
如上所述的单体组罐， 其中， 所述至少两个单元罐通过连接结构并联且呈竖立设置 构成立式并联单体组罐，所述立式并联单体组罐包括主体和连接在所述主体下部的裙边 底舱， 所述主体由所述至少两个单元罐呈蜂窝状直立紧密排列通过连接结构连接形成； 所述裙边底舱潜没在水下， 环绕于主体下部周边或分列于下部两侧， 截面为矩形， 底部 与主体的底部齐平， 内部空间设置储液舱、海水压载舱、固定压载舱之中的一种或多种； 所述裙边底舱的功能在于为建造和拖航增加浮力、 调整重心的位置并增加重量， 为浮式 单体组罐增加附加质量和阻尼、改善水动力性能，为固定式单体组罐改善海底冲刷状况。
如上所述的单体组罐， 其中， 所述单体组罐为浮式单体组罐， 所述浮式单体组罐通 过系泊腿锚泊固定在海床上； 或者所述单体组罐为固定式单体组罐， 所述固定式单体组 罐通过吸力桩基础或长桩基础或重力基础或桩与重力基础结合的方法固定在海床上。
如上所述的单体组罐， 其中， 长桩为密闭式钢管桩， 所述密闭式钢管桩的钢管在顶 部一端焊有密闭的封头、 封头上安装放气闽、 进气闽和进水闽； 所述密闭式钢管桩在单 体组罐拖航前插入单体组罐的桩套筒内并临时固定，海上安装时借助所述单体组罐加水 压载后的重力将桩压入海床； 安装步骤为： 1 ) 单体组罐漂浮拖航、 就位和定位， 打开 放气闽， 解除桩的临时固定、 靠自重下放长桩入泥； 2 ) 将密闭式钢管桩与单体组罐再 次临时固定， 加压载水至单体组罐使之下沉压桩， 注意根据单体组罐的水平度及时调整 不同方位的单元罐的压载海水量； 3 ) 罐底下沉至海床后再次解除桩的临时固定， 排水 使单体组罐上浮； 4) 重复上述压桩-上浮-再压桩的步骤， 当桩到达设计入泥深度后让 罐体海床坐底、 再将桩与罐体正式固定； 5 ) 打开注水闽排气注水、 水满后关闭排气闽 和注水闽， 排出单体组罐内多余的压载水， 完成海上安装。 密闭式钢管桩可依靠所述单 体组罐排水上浮实现拔桩； 拔桩的步骤为： 1 ) 排除单体组罐内的液体和固定压载、 使 单体组罐处于轻载状态， 打开放气阀、 实现单体组罐上浮和初始拔桩； 2) 单体组罐浮 至水面、 向密闭式钢管桩内注满水后关闭注水闽和排气闽、 解除桩的固定， 密闭式钢管 桩内的水柱可保证长桩不会因自重下沉； 3 ) 向单体组罐内加压载水使单体组罐再次下 沉坐底， 将桩与罐体临时固定； 4) 重复上述排载上浮拔桩 -桩内注水防下沉、 解除桩的 固定 -压载坐底并临时固定密闭式钢管桩-再次排载上浮拔桩直至桩完全拔出； 在桩拔 时， 还可通过注气口注气， 靠气压和排水增加的浮力增加桩拔力； 5)将桩与罐体固定， 完成拔桩作业。 这样在海上压桩和海上拔桩时， 借助所述单体组罐加水压载后的重力， 通过控制所述放气闽、 进气闽和进水闽的启闭， 使得所述钢管桩压入海床和拔桩作业。
本发明还提供了一种海上平台，用于海上油气田的开发、钻井、石油和天然气生产、 天然气液化、 天然气化工和液体的储存， 所述海上平台包括： 1 ) 一个或多个如上所述 的单体组罐， 用于储存平台的产出液体， 所述单体组罐内设有或不设上下通透的月池、 罐的顶部潜没在水下或伸出水面； 2) 上部设施， 包括钻井、 油气生产和储运、 公用和 生活所需的设施， 位于所述单体组罐上方的水面以上， 通过支腿结构与所述单体组罐相 连接； 3 ) 使海上平台漂浮定位在海上的定位系统， 包括系泊腿系统、 动力定位系统或 二者的组合； 或使海上平台固定在海床上的基础结构， 包括长桩基础或吸力桩基础、 重 力式基础或桩式基础和重力式基础的组合。
如上所述的海上平台， 其中， 所述海上平台为海上浮式平台或海上固定式平台。 如上所述的海上平台， 其中， 所述海上浮式平台的单体组罐为至少两个所述单元罐 通过连接结构并联且呈竖立设置构成的立式并联单体组罐，所述立式并联单体组罐包括 主体和连接在所述主体下部的裙边底舱，所述主体由所述至少两个所述单元罐按单层或 多层同心圆紧密排， 同心圆的中心通孔处可设置或不设中心单元罐， 所述立式并联单体 组罐的上下两端通过混凝土壳的连接结构连接并向外延伸形成一扁平圆柱，所述扁平圆 柱的直径等于外层单元罐投影外切圆的直径，所述不设中心单元罐的立式单体组罐的上 下扁平圆柱式连接结构的中心开设有圆孔洞，所述圆孔洞与所述主体内的同心圆的中心 通孔构成上下通透的月池。
如上所述的海上浮式平台， 其中， 所述扁平圆柱形连接结构的底部和顶部平面分别 向下和向上隆起形成圆锥面， 并与所述立式并联单体组罐的外层单元罐相交形成相贯 线， 其目的在于降低波浪水质点向下和向上绕射所产生的垂向波浪力； 所述锥面的圆锥 角不大于 45度。
如上所述的海上浮式平台， 其中， 所述裙边底舱呈圆形或正多边形环状结构， 所述 裙边底舱通过多个均布的连接构件固定连接在所述主体的扁平圆柱形连接结构上，所述 裙边底舱与所述扁平圆柱形连接结构的底部齐平且径向间隙不小于 0. 3米； 所述环状裙 边底舱的径向截面为矩形， 矩形的底边长度不小于所述扁平圆柱形连接结构半径的 0. 3 倍， 矩形的垂直于底边的边长不小于其底边长度的 0. 35倍， 所述环状裙边底舱顶部处 于受波浪影响很小的深度， 所述环状裙边底舱的内部设有储液舱、 海水压载舱、 固定压 载舱之中的一种或多种。
如上所述的海上浮式平台， 其中， 所述环状裙边底舱的环内侧设有缺口， 所述缺口 的尺寸应保证海上平台在运动的过程中系泊腿不会接触或碰撞环状裙边底舱； 或者所述 环状裙边底舱在缺口处完全断开成为断口， 形成多个间断和均布的环状裙边底舱， 所述 断口的尺寸应保证海上平台在运动的过程中系泊腿不会接触或碰撞环状裙边底舱。
如上所述的海上平台，其中，所述海上浮式平台包括至少两个所述单元罐平卧设置、 首尾串联连接且保持一定距离的所述单元罐构成的卧式串联单体组罐，所述卧式串联单 体组罐通过位于其两端的水平连接板和中间部位的多个水平连接杆连接成为一个整体； 卧式串联单体组罐中的单元罐潜浮于水下、 水平平行且保持一定距离， 所述卧式单体组 罐的至少两个单元罐串联形成一个水平长圆筒，所述单元罐的钢制内罐两端均为圆筒形 外延结构； 当相邻两个钢制筒体的外延结构均为固定式连接结构时， 所述两个圆筒形外 延结构可焊接为一体， 再与混凝土外罐的连接结构固定； 当相邻两个钢制筒体的外延结 构均为滑移式连接结构时， 或一个为滑移式连接结构， 另一个为固定式连接结构时， 所 述两个外延结构插接后， 再分别与混凝土外罐的连接结构连接， 使得每个滑移式外延结 构可同时在混凝土外罐的连接结构内和另一个外延结构的筒体内或筒体外滑移。
与现有技术相比， 本发明具有以下特点和优点：
本发明钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐充分发挥混凝土和钢板材料各自的优点，规 避了各自的缺点； 依靠混凝土外罐和钢制内罐之间的隔离层， 利用储罐外部海水的静压 力和内部储液的压力， 改善了储罐结构受力。 由于隔离层的存在， 使得本发明的水下储 罐成为双层罐， 任一层破损都不会造成储液外泄的风险， 安全环保。 由于钢罐良好的抗 内压性能， 储罐内液体的外排可依靠液体上部的气体的压力能来实现， 为避免采用泵舱 泵、 深井泵和水下泵创造了必要条件； 同时， 本发明储罐可以储存包括 LNG在内的各种 工业液体产品。 本发明储罐具有施工建造的难度低和复杂性小， 工期短， 造价低、 维护 简单等优点。
以本发明钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐为基础的海上浮式和固定式平台，在本申 请人已申请的两个发明专利 （参见背景技术中提及的两件发明专利）基础上， 对带水下 储罐的平台， 尤其是浮式平台的总体和结构设计进行了优化、 使浮式平台完全满足钻井 和安装干式井口的要求，扩展应用范围，使得所述平台既可用于海上油气田的开发生产， 又可由于海上 LPG和 LNG的生产和储存； 对于带海底储罐的固定式平台的基础长桩的结 构形式、 安装和拆除， 提出了通过压载和排载、 依靠平台的重力和浮力进行压桩和拔桩 的作业方案； 对于水下立式储罐及以其为基础平台， 储罐的结构形式上增加裙边底舱， 解决了现有技术在建造和拖航过程中浅吃水 （7〜9米） 起浮的难题。 附图说明
在此描述的附图仅用于解释目的， 而不意图以任何方式来限制本发明公开的范围。 另外， 图中的各部件的形状和比例尺寸等仅为示意性的， 用于帮助对本发明的理解， 并 不是具体限定本发明各部件的形状和比例尺寸。 本领域的技术人员在本发明的教导下， 可以根据具体情况选择各种可能的形状和比例尺寸来实施本发明。
图 1为本发明钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐的结构示意图；
图 2为图 1 的 A-A向的剖面图；
图 3为图 1的 B部分的局部放大图；
图 4为图 1的 C部分的局部放大图；
图 5为本发明的钢制内罐体支腿外延结构示意图；
图 6为本发明的密闭式钢管桩结构图；
图 7为本发明的正方形蜂窝状排列的立式单体组罐的立面图；
图 8为图 7的 G-G剖面图；
图 9为本发明海上浮式平台的结构示意图；
图 10为图 9的 D-D剖面图；
图 11为本发明的卧式单体组罐相邻单元罐结构连接的实施例一的示意图； 图 12为图 11的 D部分的局部放大图；
图 13为本发明的卧式单体组罐相邻单元罐结构连接的实施例二的示意图； 图 14为图 13的 E部分的局部放大图；
图 15为本发明的卧式单体组罐相邻单元罐结构连接的实施例三的示意图； 图 16为图 15的 F部分的局部放大图。
附图标记说明： 1.单元罐， 2.混凝土外罐， 3.混凝土外罐筒体， 4.混凝土外罐两端封头和连接结构， 5.钢制内罐， 6.钢制内罐圆筒形容器， 7.钢制内罐圆筒形外延结构， 8. 钢制内罐支腿 外延结构， 9.隔离层， 10.储液舱， 11.海水压载舱， 12.单体组罐， 13.扁平柱形连接结 构， 14.月池， 15.上部设施， 16.上部设施支腿， 17.圆锥面， 18. 立式并联单体组罐的 环绕式裙边底舱， 19.裙边底舱连接构件， 20.固定式圆筒形连接结构， 21.滑移式圆筒 形连接结构， 22. 滑移式连接结构预留膨胀空隙， 23. 环绕式裙边底舱系泊腿通道， 24. 立式并联单体组罐的主体， 25. 立式并联单体组罐的分列式裙边底舱， 26.密闭式钢管 桩， 27.进水闽， 28放气闽， 29.进气闽， 30.钢管桩顶封头， 31.钢管桩圆钢管。 具体实施方式
结合附图和本发明具体实施方式的描述，能够更加清楚地了解本发明的细节。但是， 在此描述的本发明的具体实施方式， 仅用于解释本发明的目的， 而不能以任何方式理解 成是对本发明的限制。在本发明的教导下， 技术人员可以构想基于本发明的任意可能的 变形， 这些都应被视为属于本发明的范围。
请参考图 1至图 4， 分别为本发明钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐的结构示意图； 图 1的 A-A向的剖面图；图 1的 B部分的局部放大图；以及图 1的 C部分的局部放大图。 如图所示， 本发明的钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐 1， 包括：
混凝土刚性整体外罐 （以下简称 "混凝土外罐 2 " ) ， 该混凝土外罐 2包括混凝土 外罐筒体（以下简称 "外筒体 3 " )， 设置在外筒体两端的混凝土结构或钢结构或混合结 构的封头和连接结构 4; 封头包括拱形封头和平板封头 （如图 3和图 4所示） 。 本发明 所述混凝土结构包括一切以混凝土为主要建筑材料的结构， 如钢筋混凝土结构、 预应力 混凝土结构、 钢骨混凝土结构、 钢板混凝土结构 (BI-STEEL)、 纤维增强混凝土结构等。
钢制内罐 5， 位于混凝土外罐 2的内部， 包括圆筒形钢制容器 （以下简称 "内筒体
6 " ) ， 设置在内筒体 6两端的外延结构， 内筒体 6通过外延结构与外筒体 3相连接形 成一个整体结构。 在一个可选的实施例中， 外延结构为内筒体 6直接向两端延伸形成的 圆筒形外延结构 7 (如图 3和图 4所示） ， 在另一可选的实施例中， 外延结构为内筒体
6向两端延伸出的支腿外延结构 8 (如图 5所示） 。
由钢制内罐 5与混凝土外罐 2之间的空隙（包括内筒体和外筒体之间的空隙和钢制 内罐 5的封头与混凝土外罐 2的封头之间的空隙） 构成的隔离层 9， 在隔离层 9内填充 有隔离介质， 如图 3、 图 4所示。 隔离介质为惰性气体或液体或惰性气体加柔性固体材 料或液体加柔性固体材料，其主要功能为避免或降低钢制内罐 5与混凝土外罐 2之间因 内外压力造成的罐壁应变和应力相互直接传递的可能性。
本发明所采用的钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐， 用于在水中储存工业液态产品， 如原油、 成品油、 LNG、 LPG等； 本发明的单元罐充分利用混凝土材料抗压性强， 钢材抗 拉性强的物理特性， 使单元罐的钢制内罐的钢板罐壁和混凝土外罐的混凝土罐壁， 分别 承受拉应力和压应力， 从而大幅度提高了单元罐的结构强度， 并且具有施工建造的难度 低和复杂性小， 工期短， 造价低、 维护简单等优点。
作为本发明的钢制内罐 5与混凝土外罐 2的连接方式的一种可选的实施例，钢制内 罐 5的外延结构 7的一端固定连接于混凝土外罐 2—端的连接结构 4上， 形成固定式连 接结构 20 (如图 3所示）； 外延结构 7的另一端滑动连接于混凝土外罐 2另一端的连接 结构 4上， 形成滑移式连接结构 21 (如图 4所示） ， 使钢制内罐 5能在混凝土外罐 2 内沿中心轴线滑移， 为此需要在混凝土外罐的连接结构 4内设置滑移式结构预留膨胀空 隙 22，其目的主要是避免约束钢制内罐因内压而产生的轴向伸长。通过固定式连接结构
20和滑移式连接结构 21使得混凝土外罐 2、 钢制内罐 5和隔离层 9形成一个刚性整体 结构。
作为本发明的钢制内罐 5的一种可选的实施例，钢制内罐 5包含至少一组结构对称 的储液舱 10和海水压载舱 11的组合式储液罐 （以下简称 "组合罐" ） 。 组合罐在储液 装卸的过程中借助压载海水的调载， 可实现操作重量的调整、 乃至实现操作重量不变。 每组储液舱 10和海水压载舱 11有三种排列形式：垂直上下式、水平左右式和罐中罐式。
垂直上下式， 即钢制内罐 5的内筒体 6的内部被一个封头上下一分为二， 形成两个 舱， 一个为储液舱， 另一个为海水压载舱； 或者如图 1所示， 内筒体 6的内部被两个封 头上下一分为三， 形成三个舱， 一个大舱为储液舱， 通常在中部， 另两个为海水压载舱， 通常在上下两端， 两个海水压载舱通过管道连通在一起 （图 1中没有示明） ， 形成实质 的一个海水压载舱。
水平左右式， 即水平卧式钢制内罐 5的内筒体 6的内部被两个封头左右一分为三， 形成三个舱， 一个中部大舱为储液舱， 左右两端两个小舱为海水压载舱， 通过管道连通 在一起、 形成实质的一个海水压载舱。
罐中罐式， 即储液舱 10位于海水压载舱 11的内部， 二者具有同一条中心轴线。 作为本发明的钢制内罐 5的一种可选的实施例， 钢制内罐 5内不设海水压载舱， 钢 制内罐 5即是储液舱。 为了防止钢罐的腐蚀， 单元罐 1内的钢制内罐 5与带腐蚀性的液体， 如海水等接触 的表面均涂有保护性的涂层。
本发明的钢制内罐 5， 其中的储液舱 10用于储存各种工业液体， 如原油、 成品油、 LPG、 LNG等。 进一步的， 储液舱 10的舱壁为钢制单舱壁或复合舱壁， 以适应不同工业 液体储存的特点。例如，储存低温液体如 LNG的储液舱的罐壁从外到内通常为： a、 16MnR 钢罐壁， b、 低温隔热材料， 如注氮气正压珠光砂等， c、 耐超低温的钢材， 如耐低温的 奥氏体不锈钢 0Cr l8Ni9制成的内罐壁。 内外筒之间的支撑采用耐低温且隔热性能较好 的环氧玻璃钢与 0Cr l8Ni9钢板组合结构。 储存带有较高温度储液， 如热原油的储液舱 的舱壁可加设保温层。
如前所述， 隔离层 9的主要功能是避免钢制内罐 5因内应力造成的表面应变和应力 直接接触传递至刚性整体混凝土外罐 2上。隔离层 9的系统压力是可调整大小的和可安 全释放的。 该系统压力可根据需要， 按照混凝土外罐 2所受外部海水静压力和钢制内罐 5所受内部压力进行设定，目的在于降低作用于混凝土外罐 2和钢制内罐 5的压力载荷。 当隔离层 9的系统压力与单元罐外部海水的压力相等（可用多种方法来实现， 其中最简 单的方法是将隔离层与外部海水连通）时， 单元罐的混凝土外罐所承受内部和外部的压 力平衡， 这对于处于深水的储罐的结构设计具有十分重要的意义。 以一个罐底位于水下 1000米深、 储存原油的单元罐为例， 单元罐内部的钢制内罐高 40米， 需要借助钢制内 罐内部压缩氮气的压力将原油送至水面以上 20米高处，压缩氮气的最小压力为 1020米 高的油柱， 据此可设定氮气压力为 102个大气压， 单元罐的隔离层与外部海水连通， 最 大的外部静水压位于罐底， 约为 100个大气压， 最小的外部静水压位于罐顶， 约为 96 个大气压，则钢制内罐可按内压约为（102-96 ) =6个大气压而非 106个大气压进行设计， 混凝土外罐内外压力相等， 不需要按压力容器进行设计。 深水储液舱和海水压载舱的储 液和海水不用泵而依靠气体的压力能实现外排， 可避免采用深水水下泵， 降低投资和操 作维修费用， 这是本发明单元罐的优点之一。
对于带有海水压载舱和和储液舱的单元罐，储液在装卸的过程中需要与压载海水实 现等质量流率或不等质量流率置换。 对于等质量流率置换的普通储液， 本发明优先采用 "密闭气压连通式压载海水和储液等质量流率置换流程" 。 对于等质量流率置换的 LPG 和 LNG，本发明优先采用"压载海水与液化天然气或液化石油气的等质量流率置换流程"。 如图 7、 图 8， 分别为本发明的正方形蜂窝状排列的立式单体组罐的立面图和图 7 的 G-G剖面图。 本发明还提出了一种海上储存工业液体的单体组罐 12， 该单体组罐 12 由至少两个上述单元罐 1 依次通过连接结构 4 的并联或首尾串联固定连接成为一个整 体， 形成了浮式或固定式海上储存工业液体的单体组罐 12。 当然单体组罐 12也可以由 一个单元管 1单独构成。 单体组罐 12内的单元罐 1呈竖立设置形成立式单体组罐， 或 者单体组罐 12内的单元罐 1呈平卧设置形成卧式单体组罐。单体组罐 12的顶部潜没在 水下或伸出水面。 单体组罐 12根据在海水中的定位状态分为浮式单体组罐和固定式单 体组罐， 浮式单体组罐通过系泊腿锚泊固定在海床上， 固定式单体组罐通过吸力桩或长 桩或重力基础固定在海床上， 或采用桩和重力基础结合的方法固定在海床上。
进一步的，至少两个上述单元罐 1通过连接结构 4并联且呈竖立设置构成立式并联 单体组罐。 如图 7、 8所示， 立式并联单体组罐包括主体 24和连接在主体 24下部的裙 边底舱 25， 主体 24由 9个 （代表两个以上） 单元罐 1紧密并联成矩形蜂窝状， 或其它 形状， 如六边形、 多层同心圆形等， 通过各单元罐 1上下两端的混凝土外罐的封头和连 接结构 4连接为一个整体结构。 同时， 单元罐混凝土壳的外筒体 3之间也进行辅助性的 连接。 图 7中 9个单元罐上下两端的混凝土外罐的封头和连接结构 4连接形成了矩形扁 平柱形连接结构 13。主体 24的根部两侧为分列式裙边底舱 25。请一并参考图 9和图 10， 图 9所示的海上平台的单体组罐 12也为并联立式单体组罐， 同样包含 6个单元罐组成 的主体 24和环绕式裙边底舱 18;二者可以直接连接成一体，也可以如图 9和图 10所示 存在径向间隙， 环绕式裙边底舱形成为一个独立的 "环" ， 通过连接构件 19相连接， 专用于浮式设施。 如图 10所示， 环状裙边底舱 18为圆环形裙边底舱， 也可为正多边环 形裙边底舱。正多边环形裙边底舱是由多个长度相等的长条形裙边底舱按正多边形连接 在一起， 长条形建造难度低于圆弧形。 如图 7和图 9所示， 裙边底舱的截面通常为矩形 或多边形， 底部与主体的底部齐平， 高度远小于主体的高度， 在位状态 （IN-PLACE) 时 顶部潜没在水下。 裙边底舱内部空间可根据需要设置储液舱、 海水压载舱、 固定压载舱 之中的一种或多种。 裙边底舱的功能在于为建造和拖航增加浮力、 调整重心的位置并增 加重量， 为浮式单体组罐增加附加质量和阻尼、 改善水动力性能， 为固定式单体组罐改 善海底冲刷状况。
将上述立式并联单体组罐的主体 24水平放置， 即形成卧式并联单体组罐。
如图 11〜图 16所示， 卧式单体组罐的多个单元罐 1的混凝土外罐的筒体 3首尾相 接形成一个单一的水平长圆筒形卧式单体组罐。每个单元罐 1内部的钢制内罐 5两端均 为圆筒形外延结构。 当串联相邻的两个单元罐的连接端均为固定式连接结构 20时 （参 见图 11、 12 )，所述两个单元罐钢制内罐的圆筒形外延结构可焊接为一体（参见图 12 )， 再与混凝土壳的连接结构 20固定 （参见图 11 ) ； 当串联相邻的两个单元罐的连接端均 为滑移式连接结构时（参见图 13、 14) ， 或一个为滑移式连接结构、 另一个为固定式连 接结构时（参见图 14、 15 ) ， 两个钢制内罐 5圆筒形外延结构的一个筒体可插入另一个 筒体内， 再同时分别与混凝土壳的连接结构 21实现滑移 （参见图 14、 16 ) 或固定连接 20 (参见图 16 )， 使得每个滑移式外延结构可同时在混凝土壳的连接结构和另一个外延 结构的筒体内 （或筒体外） 滑移 （参见图 13、 14和图 15、 16 ) 。
将上述卧式串联单体组罐垂直放置， 即形成立式串联单体组罐。
进一步的， 如图 6所示， 为本发明的密闭式钢管桩结构图。 固定式单体组罐的长桩 基础为密闭式钢管桩 26，密闭式钢管桩 26包括圆钢管 31及其顶部焊接密闭的封头 30、 封头 30上安装放气闽 28、 进气闽 29和进水闽 27。 钢管桩 26在单体组罐拖航前插入单 体组罐的桩套筒内并临时固定，海上压桩时借助单体组罐加水压载后的重力将桩压入海 床。 安装步骤为： 1 ) 单体组罐漂浮拖航、 至油田现场后就位和定位， 打开放气闽 28， 解除桩 26的临时固定、 靠自重下放密闭式钢管桩入泥； 2 ) 将密闭式钢管桩 26与单体 组罐 12再次临时固定， 加压载水至单体组罐内使之下沉压桩， 根据对每根桩的压桩力 的计算结果， 按对称的两根桩为一组， 决定每次压桩的数量， 同时注意根据压桩过程中 单体组罐的水平度， 及时调整不同方位的单元罐的压载海水量； 3 ) 罐底下沉至海床后 再次解除桩的临时固定， 排水使单体组罐上浮； 4)重复上述压桩-上浮-再压桩的步骤， 当桩到达设计入泥深度后让罐体海床坐底、 再将桩与罐体正式固定； 5 ) 打开进水闽 27 排气注水、 水满后关闭排气闽 28和进水闽 27， 这样做法的目的是压桩完成后土塞的下 端均能够承载， 排出单体组罐 12内多余的压载水， 完成海上压桩。
现有桩基固定的海上设施需要搬迁或拆除时， 必须解除基础长桩对设施的固定， 通 常需要将桩进行切割。 本发明采用上述密闭式钢管桩 26的桩基固定式单体组罐， 其中 密闭式钢管桩 26可依靠单体组罐 12排水上浮实现拔桩， 再将单体组罐湿拖撤离。 拔桩 的步骤为： 1 )排除单体组罐 12内的液体和固定压载、 打开放气闽 28、 实现单体组罐上 浮和初始拔桩； 2 ) 单体组罐 12浮至水面、 向密闭式钢管桩 26内注满水后关闭注水闽 27和放气闽 28、解除桩的固定，密闭式钢管桩 26内的水柱可保证长桩不会因自重下沉； 3 ) 向单体组罐 12内加压载水使之再次下沉坐底， 将密闭式钢管桩 26与罐体 12临时固 定； 4) 重复上述排载上浮拔桩 -桩内注水防下沉、 解除桩的固定-压载坐底并临时固定 长桩-再次排载上浮拔桩直至桩完全拔出； 在桩拔至海床浅表层时， 还可通过进气闽 29 注气， 靠气压和排水增加的浮力将桩拔出并提升至所需的位置； 5 ) 将桩与罐体固定， 完成拔桩作业。
这样， 在海上压桩和海上拔桩时， 借助所述单体组罐加水压载后的重力， 通过控制 所述放气闽、 进气闽和进水闽的启闭， 使得所述钢管桩压入海床和拔桩作业。 本发明还提出了一种海上平台，用于海上油气田的开发、钻井、石油和天然气生产、 天然气液化， 液体储存， 包括浮式和固定式两种形式。 如图 9所示， 这两种形式的海上 平台均由三部分组成： 1 ) 水下储罐， 它是一个或多个漂浮在海上或固定在海床上的如 上所述的单体组罐 12， 用于储存平台的产出液体， 如原油、 LPG和 LNG、 海上天然气转 化为液体（GTL) 的产品如甲醇等； 单体组罐 12的顶部潜没在水下或伸出水面； 对于包 含钻井或平台井口设施的海上平台，海上平台的单体组罐 12设有上下通透的月池 14; 2 ) 上部设施 15， 位于所述单体组罐 12上方的水面以上， 通过支腿结构 16与单体组罐 12 相连接， 上部设施 15包括钻井设备、油气生产和储运设备、公用系统和生活设施等； 3 ) 使海上平台漂浮定位在海上的定位系统， 包括系泊腿系统、 动力定位系统或二者的组合 (图 9没有示明） ； 或使海上平台固定在海床上的基础结构， 包括桩式基础， 即长桩基 础或吸力桩基础、 重力式基础或桩式基础和重力式基础的组合。
海上平台可以有多种结构形式，作为本发明的海上平台的一种实施例，如图 9所示， 海上平台为海上浮式人工岛， 其特点是浮式单体组罐 12的罐顶高出水面一定高度。 如 果浮式单体组罐 12的罐顶潜没在水下一定深度， 支腿结构 16具有足够的水线面面积， 以保证浮式平台的稳性， 则形成了带水下储罐的浮式平台。 如果单体组罐 12坐落并固 定在海床上， 当单体组罐 12 的顶部高出水面一定高度， 该海上平台即成为固定式人工 岛； 当单体组罐 12 的顶部潜没在水下一定深度， 该海上平台即成为带海底储罐的固定 式平台。
海上平台的储液和压载海水可采用外输泵， 如泵舱泵或深井泵或外置的水下泵， 直 接外输； 或依靠不含氧气的压缩气体， 如氮气、 天然气的压力能外排至水面以上的外输 泵的入口， 再由外输泵接力外输。 前者的优点是储液舱和海水压载舱内部压力小， 舱壁 钢材用量少、 造价低， 缺点是舱内系统复杂， 维修工作量大， 泵的造价和操作费用高。 后者正相反， 舱内压力高、舱壁钢板厚， 接力的外输泵可采用常规的离心泵， 系统简单、 维修工作量小。 本发明推荐采用气体压力能加外输泵的方案。 储液外输的过程中可根据 需要， 与压载海水进行等质量流率或非等质量流率置换， 或不与压载海水进行置换。 等 质量流率置换优选采用背景技术部分提及的"密闭气压连通式压载海水和储液等质量流 率置换流程"和 "压载海水与液化天然气或液化石油气的等质量流率置换流程"。 等质 量流率置换流程可保证储液在装卸的过程中平台的操作重量不变，保证浮式平台的吃水 深度不变， 这对于安装了干式井口的浮式平台十分重要。 对于不需要安装干式井口的浮 式平台， 储液外输的过程中可采用与压载海水进行非等质量流率置换， 或不与压载海水 进行置换， 依靠浮式平台装载量-吃水自动调节机制实现装载和浮力的平衡， 其优点是 大大增加钢制内罐 5的储液舱 10的容积， 以增加平台的储液量。
如图 9， 图 10所示， 海上浮式平台的水下储罐为立式并联单体组罐 12， 按单层或 多层同心圆紧密排， 同心圆的圆心处可设置或不设中心单元罐 （图 10所显示的是 6个 单元罐按圆形紧密排列所形成的单体组罐， 不设中心单元罐） ， 上下两端混凝土壳的连 接结构连接并扩展为一个扁平圆柱 13，其直径等于外层单元罐投影外切圆的直径，所述 不设中心单元罐的立式单体组罐的上下扁平圆柱式连接结构的中心为圆孔洞，所述圆孔 洞的直径等于空缺的中心单元罐筒体的外径， 形成带上下通透月池 14的立式单体组罐; 所述立式单体组罐 13的底部受波浪影响很小的深度。
进一步的，海上浮式平台的立式并联单体组罐 12，其中上端和下端的扁平圆柱连接 结构 13的底部和顶部平面分别向下和向上隆起形成圆锥面 17， 与立式单体组罐外层单 元罐筒体相交形成相贯线， 其目的在于降低波浪水质点向下和向上绕射所产生的波浪 力; 锥面的圆锥角不大于 45度 （参见图 9 ) 。
进一步的， 浮式海上平台的立式并联单体组罐的主体 24下端的环绕式裙边底舱 18 为圆形或正多边形环状裙边底舱， 所述环状裙边底舱 18底部与所述立式单体组罐的下 端扁平圆柱式连接结构 13 的底部齐平， 圆形或正多边形环状裙边底舱的径向截面为矩 形， 截面宽度不小于所述扁平圆柱式连接结构半径的 0. 3倍， 截面高度与宽度之比不小 于 0. 35，裙边底舱通过多个均布的连接构件 19固定连接在所述扁平圆柱式连接结构 13 上。 请注意， 图 9所示连接构件 19仅为示意性， 实际应用时该构件应通过设计和计算 确定其形式和结构。 环状裙边底舱与扁平圆柱的径向最小间隙不小于 0. 3米， 裙边底舱 顶部处于受波浪影响很小的深度， 这一深度在南中国海通常不小于 30米。 裙边底舱内 的空间可根据需要设置储液舱、海水压载舱、 固定压载舱（为了简化， 图 9没有示明）。 对于系泊腿的导缆器位于环形裙边底舱 18上方的浮式平台，在圆环形裙边底舱 18内径 系泊腿穿过的部位开有缺口， 即系泊腿通道 22， 以确保阻系泊腿在运动的过程中不会碰 撞裙边底舱； 或将圆环形裙边底舱 18在缺口处完全断开成为断口， 形成多个均布的裙 边底舱。裙边底舱有三个重要的功能： 一是通过加注固定压载，调整平台的重心的位置。 二是增加所述浮式海上平台的附加质量和阻尼， 改善水动力性能。 三是在建造和拖航过 程中提供足够的浮力和水线面面积， 以保证平台建造完成后能够以较小的吃水深度（如
7〜9米） 起浮， 以及拖航时浮性和稳性的要求。 裙边底舱 18和裙边底舱连接构件 19 用钢结构或钢筋混凝土结构或混合结构建造。
与申请人先前 PCT/CN2009/000320发明专利相比， 经过以上优化， 本发明浮式平台 具有 "本质稳定 （INTRINSIC STABILITY) " 的特性， 即在恶劣海况条件下浮体的运动 响应非常小； 这是由于其固有周期加大， 例如垂荡周期已从大于 20秒增至大于 30秒， 横摇和纵摇的回转半径加大、 运动阻尼增加、 而波浪荷载并未因此增加多少， 使得本发 明浮式平台的水动力性能优于现行的 SPAR平台。
进一步的， 浮式海上平台的水下储罐为两个潜没在水下、 平行、 且保持一定距离的 卧式串联单体组罐，通过位于单体组罐两端的水平连接板和中间部位的多个水平连接杆 连接成为一个整体。两排多个支腿连接所述卧式单体组罐的多个单元罐的混凝土外罐的 筒体连接形成一个单一的水平长圆筒， 形成长圆筒形卧式单体组罐。 长圆筒形卧式单体 组罐内部的钢制内罐两端均为圆筒形外延结构。当相邻两个钢制筒体的外延结构均为固 定式外延结构时， 所述两个圆筒形外延结构可焊接为一体， 再与混凝土壳的连接结构固 定（参见图 11、 12 ) ； 当相邻两个钢制筒体的外延结构均为滑移式外延结构时， 或一个 为滑移式外延结构， 另一个为固定式外延结构时， 所述两个外延结构的一个筒体可插入 另一个筒体内， 再同时分别与混凝土壳的连接结构实现滑移或固定连接， 使得每个滑移 式外延结构可同时在混凝土壳的连接结构和另一个外延结构的筒体内 （或筒体外）滑移 (参见图 13、 14和图 15、 16 ) 。
进一步的， 上述固定式海上平台的基础长桩为密闭式钢管桩， 所述密闭式钢管桩的 结构、 压桩安装和拔桩起浮的施工作业的方法和步骤与前述桩基固定的单体组罐相同， 此处不再重复； 需要注意的是， 压桩和拔桩的过程中需要控制平台的水平度， 拔桩时需 要排除平台上部设施内一切不必要的液体和散料、 排除单体组罐 12 内的液体和固定压 载、 使平台处于轻载状态。
综上所述，本发明钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐，用于在水中储存工业液态产品， 如原油、 成品油、 LNG、 LPG等； 目的在于充分利用混凝土材料和钢材不同的特点， 使得 单元罐的钢制内罐的钢板罐壁和混凝土外罐的混凝土罐壁， 分别承受拉应力和压应力。 多个上述单元罐连接在一起， 形成单体组罐。 将上述单体组罐漂浮定位在海上、 或固定 在海床上， 形成海上浮式或固定式储罐， 用以储存各种工业液体产品； 将高出水面的上 部设施通过支腿结构安装于单体组罐上， 由此形成带水下储罐的浮式或固定式海上平 台， 用于海上石油天然气的钻井、 油气生产和原油、 液化石油气、 液化天然气等产出液 体的储存。
针对上述各实施方式的详细解释， 其目的仅在于对本发明进行解释， 以便于能够更 好地理解本发明， 但是， 这些描述不能以任何理由解释成是对本发明的限制， 特别是， 在不同的实施方式中描述的各个特征也可以相互任意组合， 从而组成其他实施方式， 除 了有明确相反的描述， 这些特征应被理解为能够应用于任何一个实施方式中， 而并不仅 局限于所描述的实施方式。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐， 其特征在于， 所述单元罐包括： 混凝土外罐， 包括外筒体， 设置在所述外筒体两端的封头和连接结构；
钢制内罐， 包括内筒体， 设置在所述内筒体两端的外延结构， 所述内筒体通过所述 外延结构与所述外筒体相连接；
隔离层， 由所述钢制内罐与所述混凝土外罐之间的空隙构成， 在所述隔离层内填充 有隔离介质。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的单元罐， 其特征在于， 所述钢制内罐的外延结构的一端固 定连接于所述混凝土外罐一端的连接结构上， 形成固定式连接结构； 所述外延结构的另 一端滑动连接于所述混凝土外罐另一端的连接结构上， 形成滑移式连接结构， 使所述钢 制内罐能在所述混凝土外罐内沿中心轴线滑移； 所述混凝土外罐、 所述钢制内罐和所述 隔离层通过所述固定式连接结构和所述滑移式连接结构连接形成一整体结构。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的单元罐， 其特征在于， 所述外延结构为由所述内筒体的两 端分别向外延伸形成的圆筒形外延结构或支腿外延结构。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的单元罐， 其特征在于， 所述钢制内罐为包含至少一组结构 对称的储液舱和海水压载舱的组合式储液罐， 或仅含储液舱、 不含海水压载舱； 所述组 合式储液罐的储液舱和海水压载舱按垂直上下式或水平左右式或罐中罐式排列； 所述钢 制内罐与腐蚀性液体接触的表面均涂有保护性的涂层。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的单元罐， 其特征在于， 所述的储液舱的舱壁为钢制单舱壁 或复合舱壁； 所述的储液舱用于储存低温液体时， 所述复合舱壁从内到外依次为耐超低 温、 低线膨胀率的钢板、 保温隔热材料层和外钢板。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的单元罐， 其特征在于， 所述隔离层的隔离介质为惰性气体 或液体或惰性气体加柔性固体材料或液体加柔性固体材料，所述隔离层内的压力可调节 且可安全释放。
7、 一种海上储存工业液体的单体组罐， 其特征在于， 所述单体组罐由一个或至少 两个如权利要求 1至 6中任一项所述的单元罐构成，所述至少两个单元罐依次通过连接 结构的并联或首尾串联固定连接， 所述单体组罐的顶部潜没在水下或伸出水面； 所述单 体组罐内的单元罐呈竖立设置形成立式单体组罐，或者所述单体组罐内的单元罐呈平卧 设置形成卧式单体组罐。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的单体组罐， 其特征在于， 所述至少两个单元罐通过连接结 构并联且呈竖立设置构成立式并联单体组罐，所述立式并联单体组罐包括主体和连接在 所述主体下部的裙边底舱，所述主体由所述至少两个单元罐呈蜂窝状直立紧密排列连接 形成； 所述裙边底舱环绕于主体下部周边或分列于下部两侧， 在所述裙边底舱内部设置 有储液舱、 海水压载舱、 固定压载舱之中的一种或多种。
9、 如权利要求 7所述的单体组罐， 其特征在于， 所述单体组罐为浮式单体组罐， 所述浮式单体组罐通过系泊腿锚泊固定在海床上； 或者所述单体组罐为固定式单体组 罐，所述固定式单体组罐通过吸力桩基础或长桩基础或重力基础或桩与重力基础结合的 方法固定在海床上。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的单体组罐， 其特征在于， 所述固定式单体组罐的长桩基础 为密闭式钢管桩， 所述密闭式钢管桩的顶部通过封头密封， 在所述封头上并排安装有放 气闽、 进气闽和进水闽， 在海上压桩和海上拔桩时， 借助所述单体组罐加水压载后的重 力， 通过控制所述放气闽、 进气闽和进水闽的启闭， 使得所述钢管桩压入海床和拔桩作 业。
11、 一种海上平台， 其特征在于， 所述海上平台包括：
至少一个如权利要求 7至 10中任一项所述的单体组罐；
上部设施， 包括钻井、 油气生产和储运、 公用和生活所需的设施， 位于所述单体组 罐上方的水面以上， 通过支腿结构与所述单体组罐相连接；
用于海上平台漂浮定位于海上的定位系统， 包括系泊腿系统、 动力定位系统或二者 的组合； 或使海上平台固定在海床上的基础结构， 包括长桩基础或吸力桩基础、 重力式 基础或桩式基础和重力式基础的组合。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的海上平台， 其特征在于， 所述海上平台为海上浮式平台 或海上固定式平台。
13、 如权利要求 12所述的海上平台， 其特征在于， 所述海上浮式平台的单体组罐 为至少两个所述单元罐通过连接结构并联且呈竖立设置构成的立式并联单体组罐，所述 立式并联单体组罐包括主体和连接在所述主体下部的裙边底舱，所述主体由所述至少两 个所述单元罐按单层或多层同心圆紧密排， 同心圆的中心通孔处可设置或不设中心单元 罐，所述立式并联单体组罐的上下两端通过混凝土壳的连接结构连接并向外延伸形成一 扁平圆柱， 所述扁平圆柱的直径等于外层单元罐投影外切圆的直径， 所述不设中心单元 罐的立式单体组罐的上下扁平圆柱式连接结构的中心开设有圆孔洞，所述圆孔洞与所述 主体内的同心圆的中心通孔构成上下通透的月池。
14、 如权利要求 13所述的海上平台， 其特征在于， 所述扁平圆柱形连接结构的底 部和顶部平面分别向下和向上隆起形成圆锥面， 并与所述立式并联单体组罐的外层单元 罐相交形成相贯线， 所述锥面的圆锥角不大于 45度。
15、 如权利要求 14所述的海上平台， 其特征在于， 所述裙边底舱呈圆形或正多边 形环状结构，所述裙边底舱通过多个均布的连接构件固定连接在所述主体的扁平圆柱形 连接结构上， 所述裙边底舱与所述扁平圆柱形连接结构的底部齐平且径向间隙不小于 0. 3米； 所述环状裙边底舱的径向截面为矩形， 矩形的底边长度不小于所述扁平圆柱形 连接结构半径的 0. 3倍， 矩形的垂直于底边的边长不小于其底边长度的 0. 35倍， 所述 环状裙边底舱的内部设有储液舱、 海水压载舱、 固定压载舱之中的一种或多种。
16、 如权利要求 15所述的海上平台， 其特征在于， 所述环状裙边底舱的环内侧设 有缺口，所述缺口的尺寸应保证海上平台在运动的过程中系泊腿不会接触或碰撞环状裙 边底舱； 或者所述环状裙边底舱在缺口处完全断开成为断口， 形成多个间断和均布的环 状裙边底舱，所述断口的尺寸应保证海上平台在运动的过程中系泊腿不会接触或碰撞环 状裙边底舱。
17、 如权利要求 12所述的海上平台， 其特征在于， 所述海上浮式平台包括至少两 个所述单元罐平卧设置、首尾串联连接且保持一定距离的所述单元罐构成的卧式串联单 体组罐，所述卧式串联单体组罐通过位于其两端的水平连接板和中间部位的多个水平连 接杆连接成为一个整体； 所述卧式单体组罐的至少两个单元罐串联形成一个水平长圆 筒， 所述单元罐的钢制内罐两端均为圆筒形外延结构； 当相邻两个钢制筒体的外延结构 均为固定式连接结构时， 所述两个圆筒形外延结构可焊接为一体， 再与混凝土外罐的连 接结构固定； 当相邻两个钢制筒体的外延结构均为滑移式连接结构时， 或一个为滑移式 连接结构， 另一个为固定式连接结构时， 所述两个外延结构插接后， 再分别与混凝土外 罐的连接结构连接。
PCT/CN2013/070808 2013-01-22 2013-01-22 钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐、单元组罐及海上平台 WO2014113909A1 (zh)

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