WO2014109063A1 - ハイブリッド車両及びその制御方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2014109063A1 WO2014109063A1 PCT/JP2013/050491 JP2013050491W WO2014109063A1 WO 2014109063 A1 WO2014109063 A1 WO 2014109063A1 JP 2013050491 W JP2013050491 W JP 2013050491W WO 2014109063 A1 WO2014109063 A1 WO 2014109063A1
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- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- power
- engine
- hybrid vehicle
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W20/20—Control strategies involving selection of hybrid configuration, e.g. selection between series or parallel configuration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
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- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
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- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
- B60W30/1882—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power characterised by the working point of the engine, e.g. by using engine output chart
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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- B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
- B60W2510/244—Charge state
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/02—Clutches
- B60W2710/021—Clutch engagement state
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hybrid vehicle that fastens or opens a power transmission connecting / disconnecting portion and switches the form of a driving source for traveling and a control method thereof.
- the series-parallel composite electric vehicle (SPHV) disclosed in Patent Document 1 is switched to the series hybrid vehicle (SHV) mode or the parallel hybrid vehicle (PHV) mode.
- SHV series hybrid vehicle
- PHV parallel hybrid vehicle
- the generator is driven by the mechanical output of the internal combustion engine
- the electric motor is driven by the generated power of the generator and the discharge power of the battery
- the wheels are driven by the electric motor.
- the wheels are driven by the mechanical output of the internal combustion engine, and when starting, accelerating or braking, the electric motor compensates for the required driving force that cannot be supplied by the mechanical output of the internal combustion engine.
- the torque of the generator is controlled when the vehicle speed (motor rotation speed) reaches a predetermined value V1, and the generator rotation speed is gradually brought closer to the motor rotation speed. Thereafter, when both the rotational speeds coincide with each other and the vehicle speed reaches a predetermined value V2, the clutch is turned on to mechanically connect the generator and the electric motor.
- the rotational speed of the motor becomes lower than a predetermined value in the PHV mode, when the mechanical connection between the generator and the motor is opened by releasing the clutch, the mode is switched to the SHV mode.
- the condition that the generator rotational speed matches the motor rotational speed is a condition.
- 11 and 12 are graphs showing examples of characteristics of the internal combustion engine that drives the generator.
- the vertical axis of the graph shows the torque of the internal combustion engine, and the horizontal axis shows the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine.
- a thick solid line in FIGS. 11 and 12 is a line connecting the operating points of the internal combustion engine having the best fuel consumption rate (hereinafter referred to as “BSFC bottom line”).
- BSFC bottom line In the SHV mode, the internal combustion engine is operated at an operating point on the line.
- 11 and 12 are lines (hereinafter referred to as “equal output lines”) that connect operating points of the internal combustion engine that have the same output but different torque and rotational speed.
- the torque of the internal combustion engine is reduced to a value (desired torque) indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG.
- the operating point moves from A to D along the BSFC bottom line.
- the rotational speed of the generator corresponding to the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine does not match the rotational speed of the electric motor, it is considered that a shock occurs when the clutch is engaged in this state.
- the rotational speed and torque of the internal combustion engine are reduced, the output of the internal combustion engine is reduced. At this time, the generator may not be able to supply all the power required by the motor to the generator, and the battery may supply a shortage of power.
- the required driving force can be obtained from the mechanical output of the internal combustion engine and the assist output of the electric motor depending on the situation.
- the required driving force can be obtained only from the output of the electric motor. Therefore, when switching from the PHV mode to the SHV mode, even if the clutch is released immediately after the condition for releasing the clutch is established, if the change in the output required for the motor is large, the required driving force cannot be immediately handled. There is.
- the battery needs to have a sufficient capacity.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid vehicle and a control method therefor that determine whether a power transmission / disconnection portion is fastened or released in consideration of overall energy efficiency.
- a hybrid vehicle generates power by driving an internal combustion engine (for example, the internal combustion engine 111 in the embodiment) and the internal combustion engine.
- a generator for example, the generator 113 in the embodiment
- a capacitor for supplying electric power to the motor (for example, the capacitor 101 in the embodiment)
- a drive wheel for example, the drive wheel 133 in the embodiment
- the electric motor (for example, the electric motor 109 in the embodiment) that is driven by power supply from at least one of the capacitor and the generator, and is disposed between the generator and the driving wheel, and is connected to the internal combustion engine
- a power transmission connecting / disconnecting part for example, clutch 117 in the embodiment) for connecting / disconnecting a power transmission path from the engine to the driving wheel via the generator, and the motor and the A hybrid vehicle that travels by power from at least one of the combustion engines, wherein the power transmission connecting / disconnecting portion is opened, and the hybrid vehicle is driven by the generated power of the generator by the power
- the control ECU calculates the driving force required for the hybrid vehicle based on the accelerator pedal opening and the traveling speed of the hybrid vehicle according to the accelerator operation in the hybrid vehicle.
- Required driving force calculation unit for example, required driving force deriving unit 201 in the embodiment
- a maximum auxiliary power deriving unit for example, a maximum auxiliary power deriving unit 203 in the embodiment for deriving the maximum auxiliary power that can be output to the maximum by the capacitor based on the state of the capacitor, and the state of the capacitor
- a maximum charging power deriving unit for example, a maximum charging power deriving unit 205 in the embodiment for deriving the maximum charging power of the battery, and the required driving force calculation when the hybrid vehicle performs the engine direct running
- a virtual operating point of the internal combustion engine when the maximum auxiliary power is supplied to the electric motor at a rotational speed of the internal combustion engine with respect to the required driving force calculated by the unit, and when the maximum charging power is charged to the capacitor
- the virtual operating point of the internal combustion engine is such that the energy efficiency of
- the engine direct connection transition determination unit supplies the maximum auxiliary power to the electric motor at the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine in the hybrid vehicle that is traveling directly connected to the engine.
- the engine direct connection travel It is characterized by deciding to cancel.
- the engine direct connection transition determination unit is configured such that the electric power necessary for the hybrid vehicle to shift to the engine direct connection is within a range of electric power that can be charged and discharged by the battery. When the vehicle is outside, the shift from the series travel to the engine direct travel is prohibited.
- an internal combustion engine for example, the internal combustion engine 111 in the embodiment
- a generator that generates electric power by driving the internal combustion engine (for example, in the embodiment).
- Generator 113 a battery for supplying electric power to the motor (for example, battery 101 in the embodiment), and a driving wheel (for example, driving wheel 133 in the embodiment).
- the electric motor driven by power supply from at least one of the machines (for example, the electric motor 109 in the embodiment), the generator and the drive wheel are disposed between the internal combustion engine and the generator via the generator
- a power transmission connecting / disconnecting portion (for example, clutch 117 in the embodiment) for connecting / disconnecting a power transmission path to the drive wheel, and at least one of the electric motor and the internal combustion engine
- the hybrid vehicle is driven by the power generated by the generator using the power of the internal combustion engine by opening the power transmission / disconnection portion.
- a control unit that determines whether the hybrid vehicle performs at least engine internal travel using at least the internal combustion engine as a drive source by performing series travel using the electric motor as a drive source or by fastening the power transmission connecting / disconnecting unit.
- the management ECU 123) according to the embodiment is provided, and the control unit is driven by the hybrid vehicle based on an accelerator pedal opening degree according to an accelerator operation in the hybrid vehicle and a traveling speed of the hybrid vehicle.
- the virtual operating point of the internal combustion engine when the maximum auxiliary power is supplied to the electric motor and the virtual operating point of the internal combustion engine when the maximum charging power is charged to the battery are energy in the hybrid vehicle. If the efficiency is located inside the engine direct connection efficiency improvement region, which is the region of the operating point of the internal combustion engine, in which the efficiency during the direct engine travel is higher than that during the series travel, the series travel to the direct engine travel It is characterized by allowing migration.
- the hybrid vehicle of the first to third aspects of the invention and the hybrid vehicle control method of the fourth aspect of the invention, it is determined whether the power transmission / disconnection portion is fastened or released in consideration of the overall energy efficiency. It can be performed.
- FIG. 6 Block diagram showing internal configuration of series / parallel HEV The figure which showed roughly the principal part of the drive system in the hybrid vehicle shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing driving states when the hybrid vehicle is in (a) EV travel mode, (b) series travel mode, (c) engine travel mode, and (d) parallel travel mode.
- the graph which shows the characteristic regarding the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine 111 The graph which shows the operating point of the internal combustion engine 111 at the time of series driving mode The graph which shows the change of the output of the internal combustion engine 111 with respect to the request
- the block diagram which shows the internal structure of management ECU123 An example of a timing chart when the engine direct connection transition determination unit 207 prohibits the transition to engine direct travel because the engine direct connection transition power is outside the range of power that can be charged and discharged by the battery 101.
- the graph which shows an example of the characteristic of the internal combustion engine which drives a generator The graph which shows an example of the characteristic of the internal combustion engine which drives a generator
- HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle
- HEV includes an electric motor and an internal combustion engine, and travels by the driving force of the electric motor and / or the internal combustion engine according to the traveling state of the HEV.
- the series-type HEV travels by the driving force of the electric motor.
- the internal combustion engine is used only for power generation, and the electric power generated by the generator by the driving force of the internal combustion engine is charged in the capacitor or supplied to the electric motor.
- HEV driving mode HEV travels by the driving force of an electric motor that is driven by power supply from a capacitor. At this time, the internal combustion engine is not driven. Further, in the series travel mode, the HEV travels by the driving force of an electric motor that is driven by the supply of electric power from both the power storage device and the generator or the supply of electric power from only the generator. At this time, the internal combustion engine is driven for power generation in the generator.
- the parallel HEV travels by the driving force of either or both of the electric motor and the internal combustion engine.
- a mode in which a parallel HEV travels with the driving force of only the internal combustion engine is referred to as an “engine traveling mode”.
- a mode in which the parallel HEV travels by driving force from both the internal combustion engine and the electric motor is referred to as a “parallel travel mode”.
- a series / parallel HEV that combines both of the above-mentioned methods is also known.
- the transmission system of the driving force is switched between the series method and the parallel method by opening or closing (engaging / disconnecting) the clutch according to the running state of the HEV.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of a series / parallel HEV.
- a series / parallel HEV (hereinafter referred to as “hybrid vehicle”) shown in FIG. 1 includes a battery (BATT) 101, a temperature sensor (TEMP) 103, a converter (CONV) 105, and a first inverter (first INV) 107.
- the hybrid vehicle includes a sensor (not shown) such as a resolver that detects the rotational speed of the electric motor 109 and a sensor (not shown) such as a resolver that detects the rotational speed of the generator 113.
- the storage battery 101 has a plurality of storage cells connected in series, and supplies a high voltage of, for example, 100 to 200V.
- the storage cell is, for example, a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery.
- the temperature sensor 103 detects the temperature of the battery 101 (hereinafter referred to as “battery temperature”). A signal indicating the battery temperature detected by the temperature sensor 103 is sent to the battery ECU 127.
- the converter 105 boosts or lowers the DC output voltage of the battery 101 while maintaining the direct current.
- the first inverter 107 converts a DC voltage into an AC voltage and supplies a three-phase current to the electric motor 109. Further, the first inverter 107 converts the AC voltage input during the regenerative operation of the electric motor 109 into a DC voltage and charges the battery 101.
- the electric motor 109 generates power for the hybrid vehicle to travel. Torque generated by the electric motor 109 is transmitted to the drive shaft 131 via the gear 119. Note that the rotor of the electric motor 109 is directly connected to the gear 119. In addition, the electric motor 109 operates as a generator during regenerative braking, and the electric power generated by the electric motor 109 is charged in the battery 101.
- the internal combustion engine 111 is used only for the generator 113 when the clutch 117 is disconnected and the hybrid vehicle travels in series. However, when the clutch 117 is engaged, the output of the internal combustion engine 111 is transmitted to the drive shaft 131 via the generator 113, the clutch 117, and the gear 119 as mechanical energy for the hybrid vehicle to travel.
- the internal combustion engine 111 is directly connected to the rotor of the generator 113.
- the generator 113 generates electric power by the power of the internal combustion engine 111.
- the electric power generated by the generator 113 is charged in the battery 101 or supplied to the electric motor 109.
- the second inverter 115 converts the AC voltage generated by the generator 113 into a DC voltage.
- the electric power converted by the second inverter 115 is charged in the battery 101 or supplied to the electric motor 109 via the first inverter 107.
- the clutch 117 connects and disconnects the transmission path of the driving force from the internal combustion engine 111 to the driving wheel 133 based on an instruction from the management ECU 123.
- the gear 119 is a one-stage fixed gear corresponding to, for example, the fifth speed. Therefore, the gear 119 converts the driving force from the internal combustion engine 111 or the driving force from the electric motor 109 via the generator 113 into a rotation speed and torque at a specific gear ratio, and transmits them to the drive shaft 131.
- the vehicle speed sensor 121 detects the traveling speed (vehicle speed) of the hybrid vehicle. A signal indicating the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 121 is sent to the management ECU 123.
- the management ECU 123 calculates the required driving force based on the accelerator pedal opening (AP opening) and the vehicle speed according to the accelerator operation of the driver of the hybrid vehicle, the switching of the driving force transmission system, the control relating to the connection / disconnection of the clutch 117, the internal combustion Operation control of the engine 111 and charge / discharge control of the battery 101 are performed.
- control of the internal combustion engine 111 by the management ECU 123 is indicated by a one-dot chain line. Details of the management ECU 123 will be described later.
- the motor ECU 125 controls the operation of the electric motor 109 or the generator 113 by switching control of the switching elements constituting the converter 105, the first inverter 107, and the second inverter 115, respectively.
- control of converter 105, first inverter 107, and second inverter 115 by motor ECU 125 is indicated by a one-dot chain line.
- the battery ECU 127 derives the remaining capacity (SOC: State of Charge) of the battery 101 based on the battery temperature obtained from the temperature sensor 103 and information such as the charge / discharge current and the terminal voltage of the battery 101.
- SOC State of Charge
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the main part of the drive system in the hybrid vehicle shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows transitions between driving states and travel modes when the hybrid vehicle is in (a) EV travel mode, (b) series travel mode, (c) engine travel mode, and (d) parallel travel mode.
- the clutch 117 is released and the internal combustion engine 111 is stopped.
- the hybrid vehicle travels by the driving force of the electric motor 109 that is driven by the power supply from the battery 101.
- the clutch 117 is disengaged, and the internal combustion engine is supplied to supply the electric power that the motor 109 can output the required driving force based on the AP opening, the vehicle speed, and the like.
- the engine 111 is operated.
- the hybrid vehicle travels by the driving force of the electric motor 109 that is driven by the power supply from the generator 113.
- the internal combustion engine 111 is driven at the operating point on the BSFC bottom line, and as shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. Also good.
- auxiliary power from the battery 101 may be supplied to the electric motor 109.
- the clutch 117 is engaged, and the hybrid vehicle travels by the driving force of the internal combustion engine 111.
- the rotor of the electric motor 109 and the rotor of the generator 113 are rotated along with the driving of the internal combustion engine 111.
- the motor ECU 125 performs zero current control so that the generator 113 is in a no-load state.
- the internal combustion engine 111 is driven at an operating point on the BSFC bottom line, and is generated by an electric motor 109 driven as a generator as indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG.
- the stored power may be charged in the battery 101.
- the clutch 117 is engaged, and the hybrid vehicle travels by the driving force of both the internal combustion engine 111 and the electric motor 109.
- the rotor of the generator 113 is rotated along with the driving of the internal combustion engine 111.
- the second inverter 115 performs zero current control so that the generator 113 is in a no-load state.
- the clutch 117 is released and the EV traveling mode or the series traveling mode is set.
- the clutch 117 is engaged and set in the engine travel mode during medium-high speed steady travel (cruise travel), and the parallel travel mode is set during medium-high speed acceleration travel.
- the travel mode is set after the management ECU 123 shown in FIG. 1 determines the travel phase based on the accelerator pedal opening (AP opening), the vehicle speed, and the like. For example, when the travel phase changes from “low / medium speed acceleration travel” to “medium speed steady travel”, the management ECU 123 engages the clutch 117 and switches the travel mode from “series travel mode” to “engine travel mode”.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing characteristics relating to the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine 111.
- the vertical axis of the graph indicates the torque of the internal combustion engine 111, and the horizontal axis indicates the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 111.
- a thick solid line in FIG. 4 is a line (BSFC bottom line) connecting operating points of the internal combustion engine 111 having the best fuel consumption rate.
- the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 4 is a line (equal output line) connecting the operating points of the internal combustion engine 111 that have the same output but different torque and rotational speed.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing operating points of the internal combustion engine 111 in the series travel mode.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in the output of the internal combustion engine 111 and the output of the battery 101 with respect to the required power of the electric motor 109 in the series travel mode.
- the required power of the electric motor 109 is electric power necessary for the electric motor 109 to output the required driving force based on the AP opening degree, the vehicle speed, and the like.
- the management ECU 123 calculates the required power of the electric motor 109 from the value obtained by adding the estimated values of mechanical loss and electrical loss to the required driving force.
- the management ECU 123 opens the clutch 117 and controls the operation of the internal combustion engine 111 to supply the required electric power to the electric motor 109.
- the required power of the electric motor 109 changes according to the required driving force, if the internal combustion engine 111 is operated so that the generator 113 outputs the required power, the internal combustion engine 111 may not always be operated at the highest efficiency operating point. Absent. However, in view of energy efficiency, it is preferable to operate the internal combustion engine 111 at the maximum efficiency operating point.
- the management ECU 123 controls the internal combustion engine 111 to operate at an operating point close to the maximum efficiency operating point.
- the management ECU 123 controls to charge the battery 101 with the surplus electric power.
- the management ECU 123 causes the battery 101 to supply auxiliary power to the motor 109 in addition to the power from the generator 113. Control. Therefore, even if the required power of the electric motor 109 changes, the management ECU 123 controls to operate the internal combustion engine 111 at the operating point indicated by the hatched circle in FIG.
- the output of the internal combustion engine 111 in which the control of the present embodiment is performed with respect to the required power of the electric motor 109 is indicated by an alternate long and short dash line, and the electric power of the battery 101 that supplements the electric power generated by the generator 113 by the power of the internal combustion engine 111 is shown.
- the output power or the power for charging the battery 101 is indicated by a two-dot chain line.
- the output of the internal combustion engine 111 that is neither charged nor supplemented with electric power is indicated by a dotted line.
- the management ECU 123 controls the internal combustion engine 111 to operate at the operating point indicated by “A” in FIG. 6.
- the output of the internal combustion engine operated at the operating point A is higher than the operating point a when the internal combustion engine 111 is operated so that the generator 113 generates the required power Pa. Therefore, the management ECU 123 controls the battery 101 to be charged with surplus power corresponding to the difference between the outputs.
- the management ECU 123 controls the internal combustion engine 111 to operate at the operating point indicated by “B” in FIG.
- the output of the internal combustion engine operated at the operating point B is lower than the operating point b when the internal combustion engine 111 is operated so that the generator 113 generates the required power Pb. Therefore, the management ECU 123 controls the battery 101 to supply auxiliary power that is less than the output of the internal combustion engine operated at the operating point b.
- the management ECU 123 sets the maximum charging power and the maximum auxiliary power of surplus power based on the SOC of the battery 101 and the battery temperature derived by the battery ECU 127. For example, when the SOC of the battery 101 is higher than the threshold value, the management ECU 123 sets the maximum charging power to a value close to 0 and sets the maximum auxiliary power to the maximum power value that can be output by the battery 101. The management ECU 123 controls the operating point of the internal combustion engine 111 so that the surplus power does not exceed the maximum charging power and the auxiliary power does not exceed the maximum auxiliary power.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the operating point of the internal combustion engine 111 when the hybrid vehicle travels directly connected to the engine.
- the management ECU 123 controls the operation of the internal combustion engine 111 that engages the clutch 117 and outputs the requested driving force.
- driving the internal combustion engine 111 to output the required driving force may not always drive the internal combustion engine 111 at the highest efficiency operating point. .
- the management ECU 123 controls the internal combustion engine 111 to operate at an operating point close to the maximum efficiency operating point.
- the management ECU 123 drives the electric motor 109 as a generator with the surplus output, and controls the battery 101 to charge the electric power generated by the electric motor 109.
- the management ECU 123 controls the battery 101 to supply auxiliary electric power to the electric motor 109. This is the parallel traveling mode described above in which the power of the electric motor 109 supplements the output of the internal combustion engine 111. Therefore, even if the required driving force changes, the management ECU 123 controls the internal combustion engine 111 to operate at the operating point indicated by the hatched circle in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a region in which the overall energy efficiency in the hybrid vehicle is higher when the engine is directly connected than when the series drive mode is used.
- hatching indicates a region in which energy efficiency is improved when the clutch is engaged and the engine is directly connected rather than the series traveling mode in a state where the electric power from the battery 101 is assisted.
- the upper limit torque of the region corresponding to the auxiliary power that can be output from the battery 101 when the engine is directly connected is indicated by a one-dot chain line.
- hatching indicates a region where energy efficiency is improved when the engine is directly connected and the clutch is engaged rather than the series traveling mode in a state where the battery 101 is charged.
- the lower limit torque of the region corresponding to the electric power that can be charged in the battery 101 when the engine is directly connected is indicated by a two-dot chain line. Note that the upper limit torque indicated by the one-dot chain line in (a) and the lower limit torque indicated by the two-dot chain line in (b) vary depending on the power range in which the battery 101 can be charged / discharged depending on the SOC of the battery 101 and the battery temperature.
- engine directly connected efficiency improving region A region where the overall energy efficiency is improved when the clutch is engaged and the engine is directly connected to the engine (hereinafter referred to as “engine directly connected efficiency improving region”) can be obtained.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of the management ECU 123.
- the management ECU 123 includes a required driving force deriving unit 201, a maximum auxiliary power deriving unit 203, a maximum charging power deriving unit 205, and an engine direct connection transition determining unit 207.
- the required driving force deriving unit 201 derives the required driving force for the hybrid vehicle based on the AP opening and the vehicle speed.
- the maximum auxiliary power deriving unit 203 derives the maximum auxiliary power that can be output to the maximum by the battery 101 based on the SOC and battery temperature of the battery 101 derived by the battery ECU 127.
- Maximum charging power deriving unit 205 derives the maximum charging power of battery 101 based on the SOC and battery temperature of battery 101 derived by battery ECU 127.
- the engine direct connection transition determination unit 207 supplies the motor 109 with the maximum auxiliary power derived by the maximum auxiliary power deriving unit 203 based on the rotational speed Na of the internal combustion engine 111 with respect to the required driving force when the hybrid vehicle performs engine direct travel.
- the internal combustion engine 111 when the battery 101 is charged with the virtual operating point of the internal combustion engine 111 (the operating point A shown in FIG. 8C) and the maximum charging power derived by the maximum charging power deriving unit 205. If both of the virtual operation points (operation point B shown in FIG. 8C) are located inside the engine direct connection efficiency improvement region, the shift to the engine direct connection traveling is permitted.
- the management ECU 123 makes an engagement request for the clutch 117.
- the engine direct connection transition determination unit 207 supplies the motor 109 with the maximum auxiliary power derived by the maximum auxiliary power deriving unit 203 when the internal combustion engine 111 is operated at, for example, the rotational speed NEb in the hybrid vehicle that is directly connected to the engine.
- the virtual operating point of the internal combustion engine 111 (the operating point C shown in (c) of FIG. 8) or the maximum charging power derived by the maximum charging power deriving unit 205 is charged in the battery 101.
- 111 virtual operation points (operation point D shown in FIG. 8C) are located outside the engine direct connection efficiency improvement region, the release of the engine direct connection travel is determined.
- the management ECU 123 makes a release request of the clutch 117.
- the engine direct connection transition determination unit 207 prohibits the transition to the engine direct travel based on the range of power that can be charged / discharged by the battery 101 and the power necessary for the transition to the engine direct travel.
- Electric power required for the hybrid vehicle traveling in the series traveling mode to shift to engine direct traveling (hereinafter referred to as “engine direct transition power”) is the target output of the internal combustion engine 111 during engine direct traveling and the internal combustion engine during transition to engine direct coupling. This is the sum of the electric power for adjusting the torque of the generator 113 in order to match the rotational speed of the engine 111 to the target rotational speed and the electric power supplied to the electric motor 109.
- the torque of the generator 113 required to match the torque of the internal combustion engine 111 with the target torque during the engine direct running is large. Become. However, at this time, it is assumed that the torque of the generator 113 is limited when the engine direct connection transfer power is outside the range of the chargeable / dischargeable power of the battery 101. If the torque of the generator 113 is limited at the time of transition to engine direct running, the torque of the internal combustion engine 111 will be higher and the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 111 will increase. Therefore, in the present embodiment, when the engine direct connection transition power is outside the range of the chargeable / dischargeable power of the battery 101, the engine direct connection transition determination unit 207 prohibits the transition to engine direct connection travel.
- FIG. 10 is an example of a timing chart in the case where the engine direct connection transition determination unit 207 prohibits the transition to engine direct travel because the engine direct connection transition power is outside the range of power that can be charged and discharged by the battery 101. Note that, in the timing chart shown in FIG. 10, even when the engine direct-coupled transition power is outside the range of power that can be charged and discharged by the battery 101, a change in the case where the transition to engine direct-coupled travel is performed is indicated by a one-dot chain line.
- the internal combustion engine 111 when the hybrid vehicle travels in the series travel mode, the internal combustion engine 111 is operated at the operating point close to the maximum efficiency operating point on the premise of charging / discharging of the battery 101, and the hybrid vehicle is engine Even when traveling directly, the internal combustion engine 111 is operated at an operating point close to the maximum efficiency operating point on the premise of charging / discharging of the battery 101. Since the output efficiency of the internal combustion engine 111 greatly affects the overall energy efficiency of the hybrid vehicle, when the internal combustion engine 111 is operated at the highest efficiency operating point, the overall energy efficiency of the hybrid vehicle is improved. However, since the energy efficiency in the series drive mode and the energy efficiency in the engine direct drive are different from each other, it is assumed that the engine direct drive efficiency improvement region will improve the overall energy efficiency when the engine directly drive than the series drive mode it can.
- the hybrid vehicle traveling in the series traveling mode shifts to the engine direct-coupled traveling, and the virtual operation point of the internal combustion engine 111 when the electric power assistance from the battery 101 is performed at the maximum during the engine direct-coupled traveling. Further, this is performed depending on whether or not both of the virtual operation points of the internal combustion engine 111 in the case where the charging of the battery 101 is performed at the maximum during the engine direct connection traveling are located inside the “engine direct connection efficiency improvement region”. As described above, the determination of the shift to the engine direct traveling is performed based on the improvement of the overall energy efficiency.
- the engine direct connection power which is the power necessary for the hybrid vehicle traveling to the engine direct travel, is shifted to the engine direct travel. Migration is prohibited.
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Abstract
Description
103 温度センサ(TEMP)
105 コンバータ(CONV)
107 第1インバータ(第1INV)
109 電動機(MOT)
111 内燃機関(ENG)
113 発電機(GEN)
115 第2インバータ(第2INV)
117 クラッチ
119 ギアボックス
121 車速センサ
123 マネジメントECU(FI/MG ECU)
125 モータECU(MOT/GEN ECU)
127 バッテリECU(BATT ECU)
131 駆動軸
133 駆動輪
201 要求駆動力導出部
203 最大補助電力導出部
205 最大充電電力導出部
207 エンジン直結移行判断部
Claims (4)
- 内燃機関と、
前記内燃機関の駆動によって発電する発電機と、
電動機に電力を供給する蓄電器と、
駆動輪に接続され、前記蓄電器及び前記発電機の少なくとも一方からの電力供給によって駆動する前記電動機と、
前記発電機と前記駆動輪の間に配置され、前記内燃機関から前記発電機を介した前記駆動輪までの動力の伝達経路を断接する動力伝達断接部と、を備え、前記電動機及び前記内燃機関の少なくとも一方からの動力によって走行するハイブリッド車両であって、
前記動力伝達断接部を開放して、当該ハイブリッド車両が前記内燃機関の動力による前記発電機の発電電力によって駆動される前記電動機を駆動源としたシリーズ走行を行うか、前記動力伝達断接部を締結して、当該ハイブリッド車両が少なくとも前記内燃機関を駆動源としたエンジン直結走行を行うかを判断する制御部を備え、
前記制御部は、
当該ハイブリッド車両におけるアクセル操作に応じたアクセルペダル開度及び当該ハイブリッド車両の走行速度に基づいて、当該ハイブリッド車両に要求される駆動力を算出する要求駆動力算出部と、
前記蓄電器の状態に基づいて、前記蓄電器が最大限出力可能な最大補助電力を導出する最大補助電力導出部と、
前記蓄電器の状態に基づいて、前記蓄電器の最大充電電力を導出する最大充電電力導出部と、
当該ハイブリッド車両が前記エンジン直結走行を行うときの、前記要求駆動力算出部が算出した要求駆動力に対する前記内燃機関の回転数で、前記最大補助電力が前記電動機に供給される場合の前記内燃機関の仮想運転点と、前記最大充電電力が前記蓄電器に充電される場合の前記内燃機関の仮想運転点とが、当該ハイブリッド車両におけるエネルギー効率が前記シリーズ走行時よりも前記エンジン直結走行時の方が高くなる前記内燃機関の運転点の領域であるエンジン直結効率向上領域の内側に位置すれば、前記シリーズ走行から前記エンジン直結走行への移行を許可するエンジン直結移行判断部と、
を有することを特徴とするハイブリッド車両。 - 請求項1に記載のハイブリッド車両であって、
前記エンジン直結移行判断部は、
前記エンジン直結走行中の当該ハイブリッド車両における前記内燃機関の回転数で、前記最大補助電力が前記電動機に供給される場合の前記内燃機関の仮想運転点、又は前記最大充電電力が前記蓄電器に充電される場合の前記内燃機関の仮想運転点が前記エンジン直結効率向上領域の外側に位置する場合、前記エンジン直結走行の解除を決定することを特徴とするハイブリッド車両。 - 請求項1に記載のハイブリッド車両であって、
前記エンジン直結移行判断部は、
当該ハイブリッド車両が前記エンジン直結走行に移行するために必要な電力が、前記蓄電器の充放電可能な電力の範囲外であるとき、前記シリーズ走行から前記エンジン直結走行への移行を禁止することを特徴とするハイブリッド車両。 - 内燃機関と、
前記内燃機関の駆動によって発電する発電機と、
電動機に電力を供給する蓄電器と、
駆動輪に接続され、前記蓄電器及び前記発電機の少なくとも一方からの電力供給によって駆動する前記電動機と、
前記発電機と前記駆動輪の間に配置され、前記内燃機関から前記発電機を介した前記駆動輪までの動力の伝達経路を断接する動力伝達断接部と、を備え、前記電動機及び前記内燃機関の少なくとも一方からの動力によって走行するハイブリッド車両の制御方法であって、
前記ハイブリッド車両は、
前記動力伝達断接部を開放して、当該ハイブリッド車両が前記内燃機関の動力による前記発電機の発電電力によって駆動される前記電動機を駆動源としたシリーズ走行を行うか、前記動力伝達断接部を締結して、当該ハイブリッド車両が少なくとも前記内燃機関を駆動源としたエンジン直結走行を行うかを判断する制御部を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記ハイブリッド車両におけるアクセル操作に応じたアクセルペダル開度及び前記ハイブリッド車両の走行速度に基づいて、前記ハイブリッド車両に要求される駆動力を算出し、
前記蓄電器の状態に基づいて、前記蓄電器が最大限出力可能な最大補助電力を導出し、
前記蓄電器の状態に基づいて、前記蓄電器の最大充電電力を導出し、
前記ハイブリッド車両が前記エンジン直結走行を行うときの、前記要求駆動力に対する前記内燃機関の回転数で、前記最大補助電力が前記電動機に供給される場合の前記内燃機関の仮想運転点と、前記最大充電電力が前記蓄電器に充電される場合の前記内燃機関の仮想運転点とが、前記ハイブリッド車両におけるエネルギー効率が前記シリーズ走行時よりも前記エンジン直結走行時の方が高くなる前記内燃機関の運転点の領域であるエンジン直結効率向上領域の内側に位置すれば、前記シリーズ走行から前記エンジン直結走行への移行を許可することを特徴とするハイブリッド車両の制御方法。
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JPWO2022090755A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-05-05 | ||
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2944495A1 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
CN104903133A (zh) | 2015-09-09 |
CA2895934A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
US9862376B2 (en) | 2018-01-09 |
JPWO2014109063A1 (ja) | 2017-01-19 |
US20150336565A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
EP2944495A4 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
CA2895934C (en) | 2017-11-07 |
CN104903133B (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
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