WO2014162966A1 - 超音波診断装置、及び弾性評価方法 - Google Patents
超音波診断装置、及び弾性評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.
- the present invention relates to a technique for evaluating the elasticity of a living body using acoustic radiation force.
- Medical image display devices represented by ultrasound, magnetic resonance (MRI), and X-ray CT (Computed Tomography) are widely used as devices that present in-vivo information in the form of numerical values or images. Yes.
- an image display device using ultrasonic waves has a higher time resolution than other devices, and has the ability to image a heart under pulsation without bleeding.
- Ultrasound propagating in a living body is mainly classified into longitudinal waves and transverse waves, and many technologies (technology to visualize tissue morphology and blood flow velocity) that are mounted on products are mainly longitudinal waves. (Sound velocity of about 1540m / s) is used.
- shear wave a technique for evaluating the elastic modulus of a tissue using a transverse wave
- clinical use is being promoted for breast tumors and chronic liver diseases.
- shear waves are generated inside the tissue to be measured, and elasticity is evaluated from the propagation velocity.
- Methods for generating shear waves are broadly divided into mechanical methods and radiation pressure methods.
- the mechanical system is a system that generates a shear wave by applying a vibration of about 1 kHz to the body surface by using a vibrator or the like, and requires a driving device as a vibration source.
- acoustic radiation pressure is applied to the living body using focused ultrasound that concentrates the ultrasonic waves locally in the tissue, and shear waves are generated by the tissue displacement associated therewith.
- Both methods are techniques for measuring tissue displacement associated with the propagation of generated shear waves using ultrasonic waves and evaluating information on tissue hardness.
- Patent Document 1 relating to a method of elasticity evaluation using acoustic radiation pressure.
- a radiating force is generated in a tissue using focused ultrasound, and a shear wave is propagated in the tissue.
- a plurality of measurement points for performing ultrasonic transmission / reception are provided in the propagation direction, and a temporal change in tissue displacement is measured.
- the arrival time of the shear wave in each measurement point is measured using the measurement result of displacement. Then, using the arrival time at each measurement point, the propagation time of the shear wave between the measurement points is calculated, and the velocity is measured.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus and method capable of reducing the influence of wavefront scattering due to a tissue structure and performing highly reliable elasticity evaluation.
- an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising: A probe that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves, and a processing unit that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves from the probe to the inspection target and processes received data obtained from the inspection target. Based on the received data obtained by transmitting / receiving sound waves to / from the examination target, the tissue structure of the examination target is detected, the measurement area for detecting the shear wave velocity is determined based on the detected tissue structure, and the second measurement area is Sending ultrasonic waves to generate shear waves, Provided is an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus that calculates a shear wave velocity from received data obtained by transmitting and receiving a third ultrasonic wave to and from a measurement region.
- the received data obtained by transmitting / receiving the first ultrasonic wave to / from the inspection object from the probe that transmits / receives the ultrasonic wave The tissue structure to be inspected is detected, the measurement region for detecting the shear wave velocity is determined based on the detected tissue structure, the second ultrasonic wave is transmitted to the measurement region, the shear wave is generated, and the measurement region
- An elastic evaluation method for calculating a shear wave velocity from received data obtained by transmitting and receiving a third ultrasonic wave is provided.
- the wave front disturbance due to the tissue structure is suppressed, and highly reliable tissue elasticity evaluation is realized.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating another configuration example of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a flowchart figure which shows the whole process process of Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the function of the elasticity evaluation part of Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the wavefront disturbance by the structure
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure map of Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the other example of the structure map of Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the other example of the structure map of Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the other example of the structure map of Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the other example of the structure map of Example 1.
- FIG. It
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a structure extraction filter according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the detection of the structure
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a mask according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the other example of the structure map of Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating another example of the mask of Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating an example of the correlation calculation of Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a measurement region setting GUI according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the setting of the measurement area
- FIG. It is a figure explaining adjustment of the measurement field of Example 1.
- the elasticity information of the tissue refers to all the physical property values of the tissue such as strain, shear wave velocity, longitudinal wave velocity, Young's modulus, rigidity, bulk modulus, Poisson's ratio, viscosity.
- a structure such as a blood vessel, a local fibrous tissue, or a cyst, which is an inspection target for measuring the shear wave velocity with the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention, is referred to as a tissue structure or a structure.
- the first embodiment includes a probe that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves, and a processing unit that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves from the probe to an inspection target and processes reception data obtained from the inspection target. From the received data obtained by transmitting / receiving the first ultrasonic wave to / from the inspection object, the tissue structure of the inspection object is detected, and based on the detected tissue structure, the measurement region for detecting the shear wave velocity is determined and measured.
- Embodiment of an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus that transmits a second ultrasonic wave to a region, generates a shear wave, and calculates a shear wave velocity based on reception data obtained by transmitting and receiving the third ultrasonic wave to a measurement region It is.
- the first embodiment is an elasticity evaluation method, and detects a tissue structure to be inspected from reception data obtained by transmitting and receiving a first ultrasonic wave to and from a probe that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves. Based on the detected tissue structure, the measurement area for detecting the shear wave velocity is determined, the second ultrasonic wave is transmitted to the measurement area, the shear wave is generated, and the third ultrasonic wave is transmitted / received to the measurement area It is an Example of the elasticity evaluation method which calculates a shear wave velocity from the received data obtained by doing.
- the detected tissue structure is, for example, a region excluding the detected tissue structure.
- the processing unit is a general term for the control unit 15 and the signal processing unit 24 as described later in detail.
- An electrical signal for transmission pulse is transmitted from a transmission beam former (transmission BF) 13 that generates an ultrasonic signal to a probe 11 that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves that is installed on the body surface to be inspected shown in FIG. Then, it is sent to the probe 11 through a digital analog (D / A) converter (not shown).
- the electrical signal input to the probe 11 is converted from an electrical signal to an acoustic signal by a ceramic element installed inside and transmitted to the subject. Transmission is performed by a plurality of ceramic elements, and each element is subjected to a predetermined time delay so as to be focused at a predetermined depth in the subject.
- the acoustic signal reflected in the process of propagating through the inside of the inspection object is received again by the probe 11, converted into an electric signal contrary to the time of transmission, and an analog / digital (A / D) converter not shown is used. Then, it is sent as reception data to a reception beamformer (reception BF) 14 that generates complex RF data from the received ultrasonic signal. Transmission / reception switching is performed by the transmission / reception switching SW 12 based on the control of the control unit 15 as a processing unit.
- the reception BF 14 performs addition processing (phased addition) in consideration of a time delay applied at the time of transmission for signals received by a plurality of elements, and after processing such as attenuation correction is performed, as complex RF data
- the Doppler image generation unit 16 that generates a Doppler image indicating the blood flow velocity and direction of the signal processing unit 24 that is a processing unit, or a B image that generates a luminance mode (B) image indicating tissue morphology information from RF data It is sent to the generation unit 17.
- the RF data that is the reception data received by the signal processing unit 24 is element data of a specific line along the ultrasonic transmission / reception direction among the image data finally displayed on the display unit 20.
- the acquired RF data which is received data, is generated by the B image generation unit 17 of the signal processing unit 24.
- the image generation is generally used in popular ultrasonic diagnostic apparatuses such as gain control, logarithmic compression, and envelope detection. Processing is performed, and a B image indicating the form information inside the inspection target is generated.
- the Doppler image generation unit 16 of the signal processing unit 24 calculates blood flow information (velocity and direction) by correlation calculation, and generates a Doppler image.
- the ultrasonic transmission / reception sequence is different from that of the B image method, the technical contents are generally known contents, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the B image and the Doppler image are stored in a cine memory 18.
- the generated B image and Doppler image are subjected to coordinate conversion and pixel interpolation according to the type of probe by the scan converter 19 and displayed on the display unit 20 for displaying these images, evaluated images, and numerical values.
- the signal processing unit 24 further includes a structure detection unit 21 that detects a tissue structure, a measurement region adjustment unit 22 that adjusts the measurement region, and elasticity of the measurement region using the shear wave velocity measured in the measurement region.
- the elasticity evaluation part 23 which evaluates is provided.
- the structure detection unit 21 of the signal processing unit 24 uses the received data from the reception BF 14 to detect a tissue structure that affects the scattering of shear waves, and generates a structure map that emphasizes the tissue structure. That is, the structure detection unit 21 of the signal processing unit 24 creates a structure map indicating the position and size of the tissue structure. The created structure map is displayed on the display unit 20 and serves as support information when the operator designates a region for measuring shear waves.
- the structure detection unit 21 In the configuration of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the structure detection unit 21 generates a structure map using the FR data. Image data stored in the cine memory 18 can also be used as shown in a modified configuration example of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.
- the measurement region adjustment unit 22 of the signal processing unit 24 automatically determines a region with less influence of the tissue structure using the information of the generated structure map.
- the measurement region includes a tissue structure
- a region where the influence of the tissue structure is small is determined from the measurement region, and the range in which the tissue displacement is measured is limited.
- the elasticity evaluation unit 23 of the signal processing unit 24 performs burst wave transmission and track pulse transmission / reception in the measurement region determined by the measurement region adjustment unit 22, and evaluates information related to tissue elasticity.
- a control unit 15 and a signal processing unit 24 that control the data flow and overall processing in the apparatus main body are a central processing unit (CPU).
- CPU central processing unit
- a normal computer configuration including a memory that is, it can be realized by CPU program processing except for the cine memory 18 and the scan converter 19 realized by hardware as necessary. Therefore, in this specification, the signal processing unit 24 and the control unit 15 are collectively referred to as a processing unit.
- the elasticity evaluation unit 23 includes a focusing position and a transmission angle, which are transmission conditions of an ultrasonic burst wave for generating radiation pressure within the measurement region determined by the measurement region control.
- a second ultrasonic control function 25 for determining acoustic parameters necessary for transmission such as burst length, voltage, frequency, and number of drive elements, and an ultrasonic pulse wave for measuring tissue displacement based on coordinate information (
- a third ultrasonic control function 26 for determining acoustic parameters necessary for transmission such as a focusing position, transmission angle, wave number, voltage, frequency, frequency of transmission / reception, number of drive elements, etc.
- a displacement measuring function 27 for measuring tissue displacement using RF data output from a sound wave transmitting / receiving unit, a speed measuring function 28 for measuring a shear wave velocity using a result of the displacement measuring function, and a speed measuring function The result Using the elasticity information of the tissue (here, it refers to all the physical properties related to deformation and flow of materials such as strain, shear wave velocity, longitudinal wave velocity, Young's modulus, rigidity, bulk modulus, Poisson's ratio, viscosity)
- An elasticity evaluation function 29 for evaluation is provided.
- the arrival time of the shear wave can be calculated from the time variation of the displacement measured by the displacement measuring function 27 using a maximum value, a minimum value, an intermediate value between the maximum value and the minimum value, or the like.
- the second ultrasonic control function 25 determines the push pulse transmission conditions based on the position coordinates of the designated measurement region.
- the length is suitably in the range of 0.1 to 1 kW / cm 2 and the burst length in the range of 100 to 1000 ⁇ s.
- the aperture width is actually the range of the ceramic element to be driven, and takes a discrete value of the element spacing.
- the applied voltage to each element is multiplied by aperture weight (apodization).
- aperture weight apodization
- the caliber weight has a disadvantage of reducing the strength, when the evaluation position is deep and the influence of attenuation is large, the strength is given priority over the region formation, and the caliber weight may be reduced.
- the transmission frequency is in the vicinity of the center frequency of the sensitivity band of the probe 11. The transmission condition of the push pulse is immediately sent to the transmission BF 13 via the control unit 15 and irradiated from the probe 11 into the living body.
- the transmission condition of the track pulse is determined by the third ultrasonic control function 26.
- Acoustic parameters such as frequency, wave number, and F number are substantially the same as the conditions for generating image data.
- the frequency is 1 to 5 MHz
- the wave number is 1 to 3 waves
- the F number is 1 to 2.
- the reflection signal from the living body acquired by transmitting the track pulse is sent to the reception BF 14 via the probe 11, and complex RF data is generated.
- the RF data is input to the displacement measuring function 27, and the tissue displacement accompanying the propagation of the shear wave is measured.
- the displacement measuring function 27 is implemented by a complex correlation calculation between RF data acquired at a time interval of a pulse repetition period (Pulse Repetition Time: PRT).
- PRT Pulse Repetition Time
- the particle velocity is calculated as the displacement in unit time.
- the calculation in the displacement measuring function 27 is performed on all acquired RF signals, and the velocity of the shear wave is measured by the velocity measuring function 28 based on the calculated displacement information.
- the elasticity information of the tissue (here, strain, shear wave velocity, longitudinal wave velocity, Young's modulus, stiffness modulus, bulk modulus, Poisson's ratio, viscosity) Refers to the overall physical properties of the organization, such as rate).
- a process 31 obtains a B image by transmitting and receiving a first ultrasonic wave (pulse signal), and the surgeon can obtain an imaging surface suitable for observation of the whole image of the examination object and elasticity evaluation measurement, for example, a large size of about 1 cm. Search for surfaces that do not include tissue structures that clearly affect measurement, such as blood vessels.
- step 32 the tissue structure that causes the wavefront shape of the shear wave to be disturbed is detected.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows the wavefront before and after passing through the tissue structure. As shown on the left side of the figure, there is a tissue structure 52 inside the test object 51, and a shear wave 53 proceeds toward this. As shown on the right side of the figure, the shear wave 54 after passing through the tissue structure 52 has a wavefront shape changed by the action of diffraction and refraction.
- the tissue structure to be detected in the tissue structure detection step 32 is mainly a blood vessel through which waves do not pass due to the characteristics of shear waves, but also includes local fibrous tissue and cysts.
- a blood vessel as an example of the tissue structure.
- the first method uses a human visual effect, and the brightness of the B image generated by the B image generation unit 17 based on the reception data obtained by transmitting and receiving the first ultrasonic wave to and from the examination target.
- An inverted image obtained by inverting black and white shading in gray scale
- R represents image data.
- the blood vessel is generally colored black on the B image, but is colored white on the inverted image. Since white is a progressive color or an expanded color as compared with black, fine blood vessels appear to be emphasized or enlarged on the inverted image, so that the blood vessels can be easily viewed.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of the B image and the reverse image used in the first method.
- the B image 71 shown on the left side of the figure a white inspection object 72 and a black blood vessel 73 are shown.
- the reverse image 74 shown on the right side of the figure the color scheme is reversed, and the examination object 75 and the blood vessel 76 are colored in black and white, respectively.
- blood vessels appear to be emphasized on the reverse image 74 as compared to the B image 71. This effect is further emphasized in a dark room where an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is normally used.
- FIG. 8 shows a B image 81 on the left side of the figure changed to a color image 84 on the right side of the figure.
- the B image 81 shows a white inspection object 82 and a black blood vessel 83.
- the apparatus configuration Since the first method of tissue structure detection described above uses signals before or after scan conversion, which is a B image generated by the B image generation unit 17 stored in the cine memory 18, the apparatus configuration will be described first. The configuration corresponding to FIG. 2 is used.
- the second method of tissue structure detection uses the Doppler image generated by the Doppler image generation unit 16 as a structure map. Although it is the most direct approach for detecting blood vessels, there are problems of low sensitivity to low-speed blood flow and time-consuming image acquisition. The problem of time is important, and if it takes time to display the structure map, it may have already moved to another imaging plane at the stage of setting the measurement area. Cannot be achieved. When the problem is solved by the progress of imaging technology, the usefulness as a structure map is increased. That is, the B image 91 on the left side of FIG. 9 is changed to the Doppler image 94 on the right side of the figure, and the visibility of the blood vessel 96 with respect to the test object 95 can be improved as compared with the blood vessel 93 with respect to the test object 92.
- the apparatus configuration corresponds to FIG. 2 as in the first method.
- the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is provided with a large number of display forms showing the tissue structure, and the use of this display as a structure map is also included in this embodiment.
- a function for applying a pressure to the tissue from the outside, measuring a strain as a response, and displaying a color map is well known.
- display images related to tissue elasticity and harmonic images from which only nonlinear signals are extracted are also useful information for evaluating the homogeneity of tissues, and are structural maps useful for automatic selection of measurement regions. Become.
- a third method of tissue structure detection uses filtering.
- a structure map is created by a filter process having a mask that matches the shape of the tissue structure.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining this filter processing. 10A shows the B image 101, FIG. 10B shows the luminance profile 102 of the line indicated by A in FIG. 10A, and FIG. 10C shows the mask 103 used in the filter processing. Indicates.
- the mask 103 has a ring shape in which one pixel at the center and a pixel separated by an equal distance (D in FIG. 10) are set to 1, and other pixel values are set to 0.
- D equal distance
- the peak value of the luminance profile 102 is detected at the center pixel of the mask 103, and the luminance is obtained by pixels (ring pixels) arranged in a ring shape around the peak value.
- the shape of the profile 102 is detected.
- the luminance profile 102 is not circular or has a half-value width wider than D, the difference in the luminance value of the luminance profile 102 detected by the center pixel and the ring pixel becomes small.
- the difference in luminance between pixels detected by the center pixel and the ring pixel in a tissue structure having a circular shape and a half-value width narrower than D increases.
- a structure map that detects only a tissue structure that is a tissue structure having a desired shape is constructed.
- a region of interest (ROI) 112 is set on a B image 111 used for elasticity evaluation, and an extracted image 113 is obtained.
- Inverted image 114 is obtained by reversing the luminance in accordance with Equation 1 in FIG.
- a first mask 115 (M1) corresponding to the center pixel of the mask and a second mask 116 (M2) corresponding to the ring pixel of the mask are prepared. Both mask sizes are the same as those of the reverse image 114.
- Equation 2 and Equation 3 in FIG. 6 the components of the inverted image 114 and the first mask 115, and the inverted image 114 and the second mask 116 are integrated, and the maximum values (I c and I n ) are calculated. Then the equation of FIG. 6 (4) calculates the difference value of I c and I n. This difference value is used as the representative value of the installed ROI 112.
- the above processing is performed on all the pixels of the B image 111, and the structure map of the third method is formed by two-dimensionally plotting the representative value of the ROI to be installed.
- the structure map has strong luminance for a circular blood vessel having a radius D, and the blood vessel position can be easily determined as compared with the case of directly using the B image.
- the content is specialized for blood vessel detection.
- a tissue structure that is a specific tissue structure is extracted using information on luminance and morphology, it is used for detection of tumors, fibrosis, and calcification. Is also applicable. Note that tumor, fibrosis, and calcification have high brightness on the image as opposed to blood vessels, and therefore, inversion processing that inverts brightness is unnecessary in the processing flow shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 shows a form 121 in which the central pixel of the mask is expanded. In this case, there is redundancy with respect to the position of the peak value of the luminance profile, and blood vessels drawn on the structure map can be more emphasized. Further, the right side of FIG. 12 is a form 122 in which the mask is simplified. In this case, the processing time can be shortened.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of the result of performing the filtering process of the third method.
- the inspection object 132 and its structures 133 and 134 are schematically shown.
- a mask corresponding to the structure 133 is installed, a structure having a different shape or size, for example, the structure 134 is not detected by the filtering process, and the structure map 135 is acquired.
- the shape of the mask can be arbitrarily changed. For example, according to the shape of the mask 141 on the left side of FIG. 14 or the shape of the mask 142 shown on the right side of FIG. 14, from the B image 151 on the left side of FIG. A line-shaped structure such as 152 can be detected.
- the third method described above corresponds to any data format of the RF data immediately after the reception BF 14 or the video data before and after the scan converter 19. Therefore, the apparatus configuration of the third method corresponds to both the configurations of FIG. 1 and FIG.
- the fourth method of tissue structure detection uses correlation calculation.
- a structure map is calculated by correlation calculation using a plurality of reception data acquired at spatially different positions, or a plurality of reception data acquired at different times at the same spatial position. is there.
- an ultrasonic signal is transmitted / received at a specific position to be inspected, and then the position is slightly moved to transmit / receive the ultrasonic signal again.
- the correlation calculation of Formula 5 of FIG. 6 is implemented with respect to each acquired ultrasonic signal.
- a structure with low luminance such as the inside of a blood vessel, the correlation between luminance and shape in space is low, and the correlation value of the calculation result is low.
- the same result can be obtained by a method in which the time is changed as shown on the upper right side of FIG. 6 uses the correlation in the space, whereas the method described in the expression 6 in FIG. 6 uses the correlation on the time axis. .
- a structure map showing a blood vessel position is formed by superimposing and displaying a correlation value map highlighting a position having a low correlation value on the B image.
- the fourth method corresponds to the data formats of both RF data and video data as in the third method. Therefore, the device configuration corresponds to FIG. 1 and FIG.
- This fourth method has a higher sensitivity to signal luminance in the RF data, and is suitable for the construction of the structure map.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of the display form of the B image and the structure map displayed on the display unit 20 of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus of FIG.
- the B image 172 and the structure map 173 are displayed in parallel.
- the operator can set the position of the measurement region using the structure map 173 extracted from the related structures while grasping the entire image of the inspection object with the B image 172.
- the form in which the translucent structure map 173 is superimposed on the B image 172 is an example of a useful form because there is little line-of-sight movement.
- the display screen 171 shown in the figure is provided with a region setting button 174 for selecting whether the operator manually performs region setting or automatic setting.
- the set measurement area can be freely finely adjusted by the operator using a generally known external input function such as a pointer.
- a structure that should be avoided is included in the measurement area, it has a function of allowing the operator to recognize it as an alert in a form that can be perceived sensibly such as the color, blinking, and sound of the measurement area.
- the operator can freely select the information to be used as the structure map. For example, when a blood vessel extraction image such as a Doppler image and an elastic image are selected, the region that is automatically recognized as a homogeneous region has no blood vessel structure and strain distribution.
- FIG. 20 illustrates a structure map 205 in which a blood vessel image 201 and a strain image 203 are superimposed.
- the area 206 has a thick frame indicating the highest appropriateness
- the area 207 is a medium thick frame line indicating the intermediate appropriateness
- the area 208 is a thin frame indicating the inappropriateness.
- An image for recognizing the appropriateness level is displayed on the screen.
- Such an alert function such as screen display and sound is realized by the measurement region adjusting unit 22, for example, and is particularly effective when displaying a structure map in parallel or without overlapping.
- FIG. 18 shows an example of a mode for setting a measurement region using the apparatus of this embodiment.
- a measurement region 181 indicating a range in which burst wave transmission and track pulses are transmitted and received is set on a B image or a structure map.
- the position where the elasticity evaluation is performed is manually performed by the operator, or automatically installed so as to avoid the structure displayed on the structure map.
- the measurement area 181 set in a form avoiding the structure in other words, the measurement area 181 can be visually displayed with a difference in color, color shade, and color transparency.
- the area setting button 174 is provided on the display screen 171 of FIG. 17 so that it can be arbitrarily set to manual or automatic. At the same time as the position where the elasticity evaluation is performed, the measurement region 175 for measuring the shear wave is determined.
- measurement areas 181 are displayed respectively when no structure is included in the measurement area 175 and when a structure is included as shown in FIG. 18 (b).
- the legitimacy of the measurement region can be visually recognized, and more optimal positioning can be performed.
- the influence of the structure on the wave front of the shear wave strongly depends on the wavelength of the propagating shear wave. For this reason, when a structure is included in the measurement region 182, a method of changing a color scheme or the like according to the size of the structure is also important information for positioning.
- the measurement area is adjusted.
- the adjustment of the measurement area is performed by limiting the measurement area to a position avoiding the tissue structure or moving the measurement area in the signal processing unit 24 based on the obtained structure map. That is, it is a processing step in the case where the measurement region includes a structure at the time of positioning in step 34.
- the first adjustment method is a method for limiting the measurement region. 19 shows a measurement area 191 before adjustment, a measurement area 192 after adjustment, and a structure 193 indicated by broken lines.
- the adjusted measurement region 192 is installed only in a range excluding the propagation path including the structure 193. As a result, the range in which the tissue displacement is measured is narrowed, and the number of data corresponding thereto is reduced, but the measurement is performed without changing the predetermined measurement position.
- the second adjustment method is a method of moving the measurement area.
- a measurement area 191 before adjustment, a structure 193, a focal area 194 before adjustment, a measurement area 196 after adjustment, and a focal area 195 after adjustment indicated by broken lines are shown.
- the focal region refers to a region where acoustic radiation pressure is generated.
- the measurement area is moved to a position not including a structure without changing the size of the measurement area. Specifically, the amount of movement can be minimized by calculating a vector between the center position of the measurement region and the center position of the structure, that is, information on the distance and direction, and moving in the opposite direction to this vector.
- the vector information is sent to the control unit 15 of the apparatus main body, and the number of drive channels and the focus depth, which are transmission conditions of the probe 11, are controlled.
- step 36 of FIG. 3 transmission of the second ultrasonic wave (burst wave) for generating the acoustic radiation pressure and the shear wave is performed, and in step 37, the displacement amount of the tissue accompanying the propagation of the shear wave is measured. Therefore, the third ultrasonic transmission / reception is performed.
- step 38 the elasticity of the inspection object is evaluated based on the shear wave velocity information, and a numerical value is presented on the display unit 20 (step 39).
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Abstract
Description
超音波を送受信する探触子と、探触子から検査対象に超音波を送受信し、検査対象から得られる受信データを処理する処理部を備え、処理部は、探触子から第1の超音波を検査対象に送受信して得られた受信データにより、検査対象の組織構造を検出し、検出した組織構造に基づいて、せん断波速度を検出する計測領域を決定し、計測領域に第2の超音波を送信して、せん断波を発生させ、
計測領域に第3の超音波を送受信して得られた受信データにより、せん断波速度を算出する超音波診断装置を提供する。
図5は組織構造を通過する前後の波面を模式的に表わしたものである。同図の左側に示すように、検査対象51の内部には組織構造52が存在し、これに向けてせん断波53が進行している。同図の右側に示すように、組織構造52を通過した後のせん断波54は回折や屈折の作用により波面形状が変化している。
この他、超音波診断装置には組織構造を示す表示形態が多数備えられており、この表示を構造マップとして利用することも本実施形態に含む。例えば組織に対して外部から圧力を加え、その応答である歪を計測してカラーマップ表示する機能(エラストグラフィ)も広く知られている。このように、組織弾性に関連する表示画像や、非線形信号のみを抽出した高調波画像も組織としての均質性を評価する上で有用な情報であり、計測領域の自動選定に有用な構造マップとなる。
図10は、このフィルタ処理を説明するための図である。図10上段の(a)はB画像101、図10中段の(b)は上段の(a)のAで示すラインの輝度プロファイル102、図10下段の(c)はフィルタ処理で利用するマスク103を示す。
図16上左側に示すように、検査対象の特定の位置にて超音波信号を送受信し、続いて位置を僅かに移動させて再度超音波信号を送受信する。そして、取得した各超音波信号に対して、図6の数式5の相関演算を実施する。血管内部など輝度が低い構造物では空間上での輝度や形状の相関性が低くなるため、演算結果の相関値は低くなる。
なお、設定した計測領域は、ポインタ等の一般的に知られる外部入力機能により、術者が自由に微調整できる。微調整した結果、計測領域に本来は避けるべき構造物が含まれた場合、計測領域の色や明滅や音といった感覚的に判る形態で術者にアラートとして認識させる機能を有する。構造マップして利用する情報は術者が自由に選択でき、例えばドプラ画像などの血管抽出画像と弾性画像が選択された場合、均質領域として自動認識される領域は、血管構造がなく、歪分布が均質な領域が選択される。これに伴い、微調整によるアラートは例えば多段階になる。例えば図20には、血管画像201と歪画像203を重畳した構造マップ205を図示している。これに計測領域を設定する場合、領域206は最も高い適正を示す太枠、領域207は中間の適正を示す中太の枠線、領域208は不適を示す細枠として、術者に弾性評価に対する適正度合を認識させる画像を画面に表示する。このような画面表示や音といったアラート機能は、例えば計測領域調整部22により実現され、構造マップを表示しない、もしくは重畳しない並列表示するときに特に効果的である。構造マップをB像に重畳させた場合、時には情報過多となり、B像による全体認識が難しくなる場合が考えられる。この場合には、構造マップを表示しないか、並列表示させる必要があり、領域設定の適正度合は、アラート機能のみで効果的に実行される。
なお、本発明は上述した実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形例が含まれる。例えば、上記した実施の形態は本発明のより良い理解のために詳細に説明したのであり、必ずしも説明の全ての構成を備えるものに限定されものではない。また、ある実施の形態の構成の一部を他の実施の形態の構成に置き換えることが可能であり、また、ある実施の形態の構成に他の実施の形態の構成を加えることが可能である。例えは、図1の構成と図2の構成を合わせ持つ信号処理部を利用することができる。また、各実施の形態の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることが可能である。
12 送受切替SW
13 送信BF
14 受信BF
15 制御部
16 ドプラ画像生成部
17 B画像生成部
18 シネメモリ
19 スキャンコンバータ
20 表示部
21 構造検出部
22 計測領域調整部
23 弾性評価部
24 信号処理部
51、72、82、92、132、161 検査対象
52、73、83、93、162、193 構造物
53 通過前のせん断波の波面
54 通過後のせん断波の波面
71、81、91、111、131、151、172 B画像
74、114 反転画像
75 反転画像の検査対象
76 反転画像の構造物
84 カラー画像
85 カラー画像の検査対象
86 カラー画像の構造物
94 ドプラ画像
95 ドプラ画像の検査対象
96 ドプラ画像の構造物
112 ROI
113 抽出画像
115 第1マスク
116 第2マスク
133 検出構造物
134 非検出対象物
135、152 構造マップ
171 表示画面
173 構造マップ
174 領域設定ボタン
175 計測領域
181 構造物を含まない計測領域
182 構造物を含む計測領域
191 調整前の計測領域
192 調整後の計測領域
194 調整前の焦域
195 調整後の焦域
196 調整後の計測領域
201 血管画像
202 血管
203 歪画像
204 歪均質領域
205 血管と歪の複合情報を含む構造マップ
206 最適な計測領域
207 中間適正の計測領域
208 不適正な計測領域
Claims (17)
- 超音波を送受信する探触子と、
前記探触子から検査対象に超音波を送受信し、前記検査対象から得られる受信データを処理する処理部を備え、
前記処理部は、
前記探触子から超音波を検査対象に送受信して得られた受信データにより、前記検査対象の組織構造を検出し、
前記検出した前記組織構造に基づいて計測領域を決定し、
前記計測領域への超音波の送受信により得られた受信データに基づいて、前記計測領域の弾性を評価する、
ことを特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 超音波を送受信する探触子と、
前記探触子から検査対象に超音波を送受信し、前記検査対象から得られる受信データを処理する処理部を備え、
前記処理部は、
前記探触子から第1の超音波を検査対象に送受信して得られた受信データにより、前記検査対象の組織構造を検出し、
検出した前記組織構造に基づいて、せん断波速度を検出する計測領域を決定し、
前記計測領域に第2の超音波を送信して、せん断波を発生させ、
前記計測領域に第3の超音波を送受信して得られた受信データにより、せん断波速度を算出する、
ことを特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項2に記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記処理部は、
前記組織構造を検出する構造検出部と、
前記計測領域を調整する計測領域調整部と、
前記計測領域で計測した前記せん断波速度を用いて前記計測領域の弾性を評価する弾性評価部と、
を備えることを特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項2に記載の超音波診断装置であって、
表示部を更に備え、
前記処理部は、
前記組織構造の位置を示す構造マップを作成し、前記構造マップを前記表示部に表示する、
ことを特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項3に記載の超音波診断装置であって、
表示部を更に備え、
前記構造検出部は、
前記組織構造の位置と大きさを判別するための構造マップを生成し、前記構造マップを前記表示部に表示する、
ことを特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項4に記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記処理部は、
前記構造マップとして、前記第1の超音波を前記検査対象に送受信して得られた前記受信データに基づき生成した輝度モード(B)画像の輝度を反転した反転画像、前記組織構造に配色をしたカラー画像或いはドプラ画像、組織弾性/歪を示す画像、の少なくとも一つを利用する、
ことを特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項4に記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記処理部は、
前記構造マップを、前記組織構造の形状に合わせたマスクを有するフィルタ処理により作成する、
ことを特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項4に記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記処理部は、
前記構造マップを、空間的に異なる位置で取得する複数の前記受信データ、又は空間的に同じ位置で異なる時間で取得する複数の前記受信データを利用して、相関演算により算出する、
ことを特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項4記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記処理部は、
前記計測領域の正当性を、色の違い、色の濃淡、色の透明度で視覚的に表示する、
ことを特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項4記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記処理部は、
前記計測領域の調整の際、前記構造マップに基づいて、前記組織構造を避ける位置に前記計測領域を限定、又は前記計測領域を移動させる、
ことを特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項3記載の超音波診断装置であって、
表示部を更に備え、
前記表示部に前記計測領域の設定を自動、又は手動で行うことを選択する領域設定ボタンを表示可能である、
ことを特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項2に記載の超音波診断装置であって、
前記計測領域調整部は、
前記計測領域が弾性評価に対して不適正な場合に、画像又は音としてアラート情報を出力する、
ことを特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 超音波を送受信する探触子から第1の超音波を検査対象に送受信して得られた受信データにより、前記検査対象の組織構造を検出し、
検出した前記組織構造に基づいて、せん断波速度を検出する計測領域を決定し、
前記計測領域に第2の超音波を送信して、せん断波を発生させ、
前記計測領域に第3の超音波を送受信して得られた受信データにより、せん断波速度を算出する、
前記せん断波速度に基づいて前記検査対象の弾性評価を行う、
ことを特徴とする弾性評価方法。 - 請求項13に記載の弾性評価方法であって、前記組織構造の位置と大きさを判別するための構造マップを作成し、前記構造マップを表示する、
ことを特徴とする弾性評価方法。 - 請求項14に記載の弾性評価方法であって、前記構造マップとして、前記第1の超音波を前記検査対象に送受信して得られた前記受信データに基づき作成したB画像の輝度を反転した反転画像、前記組織構造に配色をしたカラー画像、或いはドプラ画像を利用する、
ことを特徴とする弾性評価方法。 - 請求項14に記載の弾性評価方法であって、前記構造マップを、前記組織構造の形状に合わせたマスクを有するフィルタ処理により作成する、
ことを特徴とする弾性評価方法。 - 請求項14に記載の弾性評価方法であって、前記構造マップを、空間的に異なる位置で取得する複数の前記受信データ、又は空間的に同じ位置で異なる時間で取得する複数の前記受信データを利用して、相関演算により算出する、
ことを特徴とする弾性評価方法。
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US20150141821A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
CN104302232A (zh) | 2015-01-21 |
EP2982305A4 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
JPWO2014162966A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
JP5735718B2 (ja) | 2015-06-17 |
CN104302232B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
EP2982305A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 |
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