WO2014157432A1 - メタクリル酸エステルの製造方法 - Google Patents
メタクリル酸エステルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014157432A1 WO2014157432A1 PCT/JP2014/058707 JP2014058707W WO2014157432A1 WO 2014157432 A1 WO2014157432 A1 WO 2014157432A1 JP 2014058707 W JP2014058707 W JP 2014058707W WO 2014157432 A1 WO2014157432 A1 WO 2014157432A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/36—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reaction with carbon monoxide or formates
- C07C67/38—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reaction with carbon monoxide or formates by addition to an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
- C07C1/207—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms from carbonyl compounds
- C07C1/2076—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms from carbonyl compounds by a transformation in which at least one -C(=O)- moiety is eliminated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
- C07C1/24—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by elimination of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
- C07C5/23—Rearrangement of carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C07C5/25—Migration of carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C07C5/2506—Catalytic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/04—Alumina
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/08—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
- C07C2523/04—Alkali metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a methacrylic acid ester.
- JP 2007-269707 A discloses that a hydrocarbon selected from propane, propylene, butane, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutane, isobutene and butadiene is thermally decomposed.
- a cracked gas having a total content of propyne and propadiene of 2% by weight or more is obtained, and the resulting cracked gas and a plant that thermally decomposes hydrocarbons having 2 to 10 carbon atoms (commonly known as an ethylene plant)
- the mixed gas with the cracked gas is subjected to a common separation step with the ethylene plant to separate the mixed solution rich in propyne and propadiene, and then the separated mixed solution is subjected to extractive distillation to obtain purified propyne and propadiene.
- the resulting crude propyne is separated into crude propadiene containing as a main component, Under a method of producing methyl methacrylate by reaction with carbon monoxide and methanol are disclosed.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a methacrylic acid ester that is less susceptible to locational restrictions and is economically and industrially advantageous.
- this invention consists of the following structures.
- a method for producing a methacrylic acid ester comprising the following steps.
- Dehydration reaction step a step of dehydrating acetone in the presence of a dehydration reaction catalyst to obtain a reaction mixture containing propyne, propadiene and water.
- Propin / propadiene separation step propyne and propadiene from the reaction mixture obtained in the dehydration reaction step.
- a process for separating a mixture mainly comprising propyne a propyne purification process: a mixture comprising propyne and propadiene separated in the propyne / propadiene separation process, and a liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture mainly comprising propyne; Step of separating into liquid, gas or gas / liquid mixture mainly composed of propadiene Carbonylation reaction step: Group 8 metal of liquid, gas or gas / liquid mixture mainly composed of propyne obtained in the propyne purification step At least one selected from the group consisting of an element, a Group 9 metal element and a Group 10 metal element A step of obtaining a methacrylic acid ester by contacting with carbon monoxide and an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst (2)
- the dehydration catalyst is silicon, a Group 1 metal element and a Group 2 metal element
- the manufacturing method as described in said (1) which is a catalyst containing at least 1 type chosen from the group which consists of.
- the reaction mixture in the dehydration reaction step further contains unreacted acetone, and in the propyne / propadiene separation step, the mixture containing unreacted acetone is separated by separating the mixture mainly composed of propyne and propadiene.
- the manufacturing method according to (3) further including the following steps.
- Acetone circulation step a step of supplying at least a part of acetone contained in the mixture containing unreacted acetone obtained in the propyne / propadiene separation step to the dehydration reaction step (5) ) To (4).
- Isomerization reaction step The liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture mainly composed of propadiene obtained in the propyne purification step is isomerized in the presence of an isomerization catalyst to obtain a mixture mainly composed of propyne and propadiene.
- Step (6) The production method according to any one of (1) to (5), further including the following steps.
- Purification step of methacrylic acid ester From the reaction mixture containing the methacrylic acid ester obtained in the carbonylation reaction step, unreacted propyne and unreacted alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, propyne and alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms are obtained.
- recovering (7) The manufacturing method as described in said (6) further including the following process.
- the present invention includes the following dehydration reaction step, propyne / propadiene separation step, propyne purification step and carbonylation reaction step.
- the dehydration reaction step of the present invention is a step of obtaining a reaction mixture containing propyne, propadiene and water by dehydrating acetone in the presence of a dehydration reaction catalyst.
- acetone which is a general-purpose solvent
- propyne which is a raw material for producing methacrylic acid esters, can be efficiently obtained without being restricted by location.
- the dehydration catalyst is preferably a catalyst containing silicon and at least one selected from the group consisting of Group 1 metal elements and Group 2 metal elements.
- the catalyst include a silicate of a Group 1 metal element; a silicate of a Group 2 metal element; a compound containing a Group 1 metal element on a carrier containing silica, a compound containing a Group 2 metal element, At least one selected from the group consisting of Group 1 metal elements and Group 2 metal elements [hereinafter sometimes referred to as metal components. ] Is supported [hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a metal component-supported catalyst.
- a catalyst in which at least one selected from the group consisting of a silicate of a Group 1 metal element and a silicate of a Group 2 metal element is supported on a carrier that does not contain silica hereinafter referred to as a silicate supported catalyst.
- a metal component-supported catalyst and a silicate-supported catalyst are preferable because propyne and propadiene can be obtained with high selectivity.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of a compound containing a Group 1 metal element, a compound containing a Group 2 metal element, a Group 1 metal element and a Group 2 metal element in the metal component-supported catalyst, propyne and propadiene are In view of obtaining a high selectivity, at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound containing a Group 1 metal element and a Group 1 metal element is preferred, and a compound containing a Group 1 metal element is more preferred.
- the silicate-supported catalyst among at least one selected from the group consisting of a silicate of a Group 1 metal element and a silicate of a Group 2 metal element, propyne and propadiene are obtained with high selectivity.
- Group 1 metal element silicates are preferred.
- examples of the compound containing a Group 1 metal element include a lithium compound, a sodium compound, a potassium compound, a rubidium compound, and a cesium compound. Among them, a compound having an acetylene bond and / or a high diene is selected. A sodium compound, a potassium compound, a rubidium compound, and a cesium compound are preferable at the point obtained by rate.
- Group 1 metal element halides Group 1 metal element carbonates, Group 1 metal element oxides, Group 1 metal element hydroxides, Group metal element silicates are preferred
- Group 1 metal element halides Group 1 metal element oxides, Group 1 metal element hydroxides, Group 1 metal element silicates are more preferred.
- group 1 metal element halides group 1 metal element chlorides are preferred.
- Examples of the compound containing a Group 2 metal element include magnesium compounds, calcium compounds, strontium compounds, and barium compounds. Of these, barium compounds are preferred.
- Examples of calcium compounds include calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), calcium bromide (CaBr 2 ), calcium iodide (CaI 2 ), and the like, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), and calcium sulfate.
- CaS calcium sulf
- strontium compound examples include strontium fluoride (SrF 2 ), strontium chloride (SrCl 2 ), strontium bromide (SrBr 2 ), strontium iodide (SrI 2 ) and other strontium halides, strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ), and strontium sulfate.
- examples of the Group 1 metal element include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium. Among them, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium include preferable.
- examples of the Group 2 metal element include magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium compounds. Of these, barium is preferable.
- the silica source of silica contained in the carrier is not particularly limited.
- silica powder, silica sol using water or an organic solvent as a dispersion medium, alkoxysilane (tetraethyl orthosilicate, etc.) or the like is used. be able to.
- a support containing silica is used.
- the carrier may contain oxides such as titania, zirconia, niobium oxide and tin oxide in addition to silica.
- the carrier may be a silica alone carrier, that is, a carrier made of silica, a composite oxide of silica and an oxide other than silica, or a mixture of silica and an oxide other than silica.
- a support made of silica is particularly preferable.
- examples of a method for supporting a metal component on a support containing silica include an impregnation method, a coprecipitation method, and a kneading method.
- the metal component-supported catalyst can be prepared, for example, by supporting a metal component on a support by an impregnation method, a coprecipitation method, a kneading method, or the like, and performing a heat treatment at 50 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
- the supported metal component can be oxidized to be used as a supported oxide. Alternatively, the supported metal component can be reduced and used as a supported metal catalyst.
- Oxidation is performed, for example, by carrying a metal component on a carrier and firing in an atmosphere of an oxidizing gas.
- the oxidizing gas is a gas containing an oxidizing substance, and examples thereof include an oxygen-containing gas.
- the oxygen concentration is usually about 1 to 30% by volume.
- As the oxygen source air or pure oxygen is usually used, and diluted with an inert gas as necessary. Of these, air is preferable as the oxidizing gas.
- the firing temperature in the oxidation is usually 100 to 1000 ° C., preferably 200 to 800 ° C.
- the reduction is performed, for example, by carrying a metal component on a carrier and then firing in a reducing gas atmosphere.
- the reducing gas is a gas containing a reducing substance, and examples thereof include a hydrogen-containing gas, a carbon monoxide-containing gas, and a hydrocarbon-containing gas.
- concentration of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide or hydrocarbon is usually about 1 to 30% by volume, and the concentration is adjusted with, for example, an inert gas or water vapor.
- the reducing gas is preferably a hydrogen-containing gas or a carbon monoxide-containing gas.
- the firing temperature in the reduction is usually 100 to 1000 ° C., preferably 200 to 800 ° C.
- the supported amount of the metal component in the metal component-supported catalyst is preferably 0.01 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, and still more preferably 0. 0% by weight, based on the total amount of the catalyst. 1 to 15% by weight.
- the metal component-supported catalyst contains two or more kinds of metal elements, the total content of the metal elements may be in the above range.
- examples of the silicate of the Group 1 metal element and the silicate of the Group 2 metal element include those described above.
- the carrier not containing silica include alumina, zirconia, titania, niobium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, neodymium oxide, hafnium oxide, tungsten oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, activated carbon and the like. It may be a composite oxide containing two or more of these as a component and a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of the exemplified oxides.
- silicate-supported catalyst as a method of supporting at least one selected from the group consisting of a silicate of a Group 1 metal element and a silicate of a Group 2 metal element on a support excluding silica, an impregnation method, Examples include a coprecipitation method and a kneading method.
- the silicate-supported catalyst is, for example, supported by an impregnation method, a coprecipitation method, a kneading method, or the like at least one selected from the group consisting of a silicate of a Group 1 metal element and a silicate of a Group 2 metal element And can be prepared by heat treatment at 50 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
- the support is subjected to an oxidizing gas atmosphere or a reducing gas atmosphere.
- the oxidizing gas is a gas containing an oxidizing substance, and examples thereof include an oxygen-containing gas.
- the oxygen concentration is usually about 1 to 30% by volume.
- air or pure oxygen is usually used, and diluted with an inert gas as necessary. Of these, air is preferable as the oxidizing gas.
- the firing temperature in an oxidizing gas atmosphere is usually 100 to 1000 ° C., preferably 200 to 800 ° C.
- the reducing gas is a gas containing a reducing substance, and examples thereof include a hydrogen-containing gas, a carbon monoxide-containing gas, and a hydrocarbon-containing gas.
- concentration of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide or hydrocarbon is usually about 1 to 30% by volume, and the concentration is adjusted with, for example, an inert gas or water vapor.
- the reducing gas is preferably a hydrogen-containing gas or a carbon monoxide-containing gas.
- the firing temperature in a reducing gas atmosphere is usually 100 to 1000 ° C., preferably 200 to 800 ° C.
- At least one supported amount selected from the group consisting of a silicate of a Group 1 metal element and a silicate of a Group 2 metal element in the silicate supported catalyst is a Group 1 metal element with respect to the total amount of the catalyst.
- the weight is preferably 0.01 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, and still more preferably 0, as the weight of at least one selected from the group consisting of silicates and silicates of Group 2 metal elements 1 to 15% by weight.
- the silicate-supported catalyst includes a silicate of a Group 1 metal element and a silicate of a Group 2 metal element, the total content thereof may be in the above range.
- the BET specific surface area of the metal component-supported catalyst or silicate-supported catalyst is preferably 1 to 800 m 2 / g, more preferably 1 to 400 m 2 / g.
- the thermal stability of the catalyst may be lowered.
- the BET specific surface area is less than 1 m 2 / g, the degree of dispersion of the supported metal component may be reduced.
- the BET specific surface area is a value obtained by measurement using a specific surface area measuring apparatus based on the nitrogen adsorption method.
- the pore volume of the metal component-supported catalyst or silicate-supported catalyst is preferably 0.05 to 2.5 ml / g, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 ml / g. If the pore volume is smaller than 0.05 ml / g, the pore diameter may be too small and the activity may be lowered. On the other hand, if the pore volume is larger than 2.5 ml / g, the mechanical strength of the catalyst is lowered and the catalyst is likely to be deteriorated.
- the pore volume is a value obtained by measurement by a mercury intrusion method.
- the dehydration reaction catalyst is preferably used as a molded body.
- the shape include a spherical particle shape, a columnar shape, a pellet shape, an extruded shape, a ring shape, a honeycomb shape, and a granule shape having an appropriate size that is pulverized and classified after forming.
- the shape of the molded body is selected in accordance with the reaction method to be used. For example, when the molded body is used as a catalyst for a fixed bed reaction, the molded body having various shapes described above is used. At this time, the diameter of the molded body is preferably 10 mm or less. If the diameter of the molded body is too large, the conversion rate of the dehydration reaction may be lowered.
- the lower limit of the diameter of the molded body is not particularly limited, but if it becomes excessively small, pressure loss in the catalyst layer increases, so that a diameter of 0.5 mm or more is usually used.
- a spherical granular product having an average particle diameter of about 1 to 1000 ⁇ m is preferably used.
- the molded body is preferably used.
- the diameter of a molded object here means the diameter of a sphere for spherical particles, the diameter of a circular cross section for a cylindrical shape, and the maximum diameter of the cross section for other shapes.
- the reaction temperature is usually 200 to 1200 ° C., preferably 250 to 1000 ° C., more preferably 400 to 800 ° C. If the reaction temperature is lower than 200 ° C., the dehydration reaction may be difficult to proceed from the viewpoint of reaction rate and chemical equilibrium. On the other hand, if the reaction temperature is higher than 1200 ° C., the activity of the catalyst may be deteriorated.
- the reaction pressure is usually 0.001 to 5 MPa, preferably 0.005 to 0.3 MPa. If the reaction pressure is lower than 0.001 MPa, the productivity may be lowered. If the reaction pressure is higher than 5 MPa, the conversion rate of acetone may be lowered due to chemical equilibrium restrictions in the reaction.
- the feed rate of the feed gas containing acetone is the feed rate of feed gas per liter of catalyst (L / h; 0 ° C., converted to 0.1 MPa), that is, GHSV (Gas Hourly Space).
- Velocity is 1 to 20000 h ⁇ 1 , preferably 10 to 10000 h ⁇ 1 .
- the concentration of acetone in the raw material gas containing acetone is appropriately set in consideration of productivity and catalytic activity.
- the acetone concentration in the raw material gas may be adjusted by using a gas inert to the dehydration reaction such as nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
- reaction method in the dehydration reaction various methods such as a fixed bed method, a simulated moving bed method, a fluidized bed method, and a moving bed method can be used. preferable.
- the dehydration reaction catalyst may be used alone, or may be used by diluting and mixing with a substance that is substantially inert to the dehydration reaction.
- various flow-type fixed bed reactors in which a raw material supply port and a reaction mixture take-out port are provided in the reactor can be used. .
- the number of reaction tubes is not particularly limited, and either a single tube fixed bed reactor or a multi-tube fixed bed reactor can be used.
- an adiabatic or heat exchange type fixed bed reactor can be used.
- the dehydration reaction can be performed, for example, according to the method described in European Patent Application Publication No. 1016641.
- a simulated moving bed system for example, British Patent Application Publication No. 794089, US Pat. No. 5,510,557, US Pat. No. 5,315,056, International Publication No. 95/23123, etc. It can carry out according to the method as described in.
- the dehydration reaction is carried out in a moving bed system, for example, it can be carried out according to the method described in US Pat. No. 5,321,192, US Pat.
- the dehydration reaction is a reaction with an endotherm as large as 161 kJ / mol. In order to continue the reaction continuously, it is necessary to supply reaction heat. Preference is given to using the reactor provided.
- the condensation of acetone, propyne, propadiene and / or by-products usually occurs as the reaction time elapses, that is, as the total amount of acetone treated per unit weight of the catalyst increases.
- coke carbon component
- a dehydration reaction catalyst comprising heat treatment in an atmosphere containing an oxygen-containing gas in order to remove the coke from the dehydration reaction catalyst to which coke is adhered and recover the catalytic activity in the dehydration reaction. It is preferable to provide a regeneration step.
- the raw material containing acetone supplied from the raw material supply line 1 is preheated by the preheater 5, passes through the raw material gas supply line 9 after preheating, and has a solid catalyst layer 11 filled with a dehydration reaction catalyst. Supplied to the adiabatic fixed bed reactor 10. At that time, the raw material is preheated to a temperature higher than the reaction temperature by the preheater 5 and supplied to advance the reaction. The heat of reaction is supplied by this preheating.
- the heating furnace which uses the combustion gas supplied from the combustion gas supply line 6 and / or the combustion air supplied from the combustion air supply line 7 as a heating source is used.
- the combustion gas and / or combustion air is heat-exchanged by the preheater 5 and discharged from the preheater exhaust gas line 8.
- the temperature decreases toward the outlet and the reaction rate also decreases.
- the obtained reactor outlet gas is appropriately cooled by a heat exchanger (not shown) and taken out from the reaction mixture take-out line 12 as a reaction mixture.
- the acetone conversion in the adiabatic fixed bed reactor 10 can be adjusted by the preheating temperature.
- the conversion rate can be increased by increasing the preheating temperature.
- the preheating temperature is preferably 750 ° C. or lower.
- the number of stages arranged in series is preferably 2 to 10 stages.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of four stages.
- the dehydration reaction catalyst filled in the adiabatic fixed bed reactor 10 is preferably as low as possible in the aeration differential pressure, and the shape is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a cylindrical shape and a spherical shape. 10 mm is preferred.
- the supply of raw materials is stopped, and an inert gas such as nitrogen or water vapor is supplied from the inert / purge gas line 3 to thereby adiabatic fixed bed reaction.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or water vapor is supplied from the inert / purge gas line 3 to thereby adiabatic fixed bed reaction.
- coke deposited on the catalyst is burned and removed by supplying the oxygen-containing gas from the oxygen-containing gas line 2 at a high temperature, and the catalyst can be regenerated.
- the flow rate, temperature, oxygen concentration and the like of the oxygen-containing gas are adjusted.
- the inside of the adiabatic fixed bed reactor 10 is replaced with an inert gas by supplying an inert gas such as nitrogen or water vapor from the inert / purge gas line 3, and then the raw material is again used.
- the reaction is restarted by starting the supply of the above, or the pressure is reduced and the gas inside the adiabatic fixed bed reactor 10 is discharged, and then the supply of the raw material is started again to restart the reaction.
- the coke adhering to the heating tube of the preheater 5 can be removed (decoking) by the same operation.
- the raw material containing acetone supplied from the raw material supply line 21 is supplied to a plurality of fixed bed reaction tubes 26 having a solid catalyst layer 27 filled with a dehydration reaction catalyst.
- Reaction heat is supplied from the outside of the fixed bed reaction tube 26 by the heating furnace 22 by heating (heat exchange) with a heat source (combustion gas or the like) higher than the reaction temperature.
- the heating furnace 22 can be used for preheating the raw material together with heating of the fixed bed reaction tube 26.
- the heating furnace 22 normally uses combustion gas supplied from the combustion gas supply line 23 and / or combustion air supplied from the combustion air supply line 24 as a heat source.
- the reaction mixture is taken out from the outlet of the fixed bed reaction tube 26 through the reaction mixture take-out line 28 and sent to the next step.
- the acetone conversion rate in the fixed bed reaction tube 26 is controlled by the temperature of the heating furnace 22 outside the fixed bed reaction tube 26.
- the conversion rate can be increased by increasing the temperature of the heating furnace 22, but if the temperature is too high, the temperature of the inner surface of the fixed bed reaction tube 26 increases, and the deposition (coking) rate of carbon components on the inner surface of the tube increases.
- the heat transfer efficiency of the fixed bed reaction tube 26 may decrease in a short period of time.
- the solid catalyst layer 27 also becomes high temperature, the coking speed to the catalyst surface increases, and the catalyst activity may decrease in a short period of time.
- the supply of the raw material is stopped, and an inert gas such as nitrogen or water vapor is supplied from the inert / purge gas line 29 to thereby fix the fixed bed reaction tube 26.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or water vapor is supplied from the inert / purge gas line 29 to thereby fix the fixed bed reaction tube 26.
- the coke deposited on the catalyst and the coke deposited on the fixed bed reaction tube 26 are burned and removed by supplying an oxygen-containing gas from the oxygen-containing gas line 31 at a high temperature.
- the catalyst can be regenerated and the interior of the fixed bed reaction tube 26 can be decoked.
- the gas after being used for the combustion removal of the coke is discharged from the regeneration off-gas line 30.
- the flow rate, temperature, oxygen concentration and the like of the oxygen-containing gas are adjusted.
- the inside of the fixed bed reaction tube 26 is replaced with an inert gas by supplying an inert gas such as nitrogen and water vapor from the inert / purge gas line 29, and then the raw material is supplied again. Resume the reaction by initiating.
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which three series of fixed bed reaction tubes 26 are provided in parallel.
- the heating furnace 22 is heated by combustion gas and / or combustion air, heats the fixed bed reaction tube 26 and the raw material, recovers heat as steam with boiler feed water etc. downstream of the heating furnace, and discharges from the heating furnace exhaust gas line 25 Is done.
- a plurality of (usually 3 to 20) adiabatic fixed bed reactors 45 having a solid catalyst layer 46 are used in parallel, and the following steps (i) to (iv) are performed in each reactor.
- the remaining reactors are reacted while switching the reactors by a method such as performing the steps (ii) to (iv).
- the dehydration reaction step can be carried out in a simulated moving bed system.
- Reaction step The raw material containing acetone supplied from the raw material supply line 41 was heated with the combustion gas supplied from the combustion gas supply line 43 and / or the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas line 44.
- Step (ii) Combustible gas removal step of obtaining reaction mixture from line 47: Step of removing the internal combustible gas by connecting the inside of the adiabatic fixed bed reactor 45 to a pressure reducing device, or an inert purge gas line By supplying inert and non-flammable gas from the gas 48 to the dehydration reaction such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc., the inside of the adiabatic fixed bed reactor 45 is inactivated.
- Step (iii) Heating / regeneration step for replacing with a reactive gas Combustion gas and / or oxygen-containing gas is heated to a temperature higher than the reaction temperature in a catalyst regeneration heating furnace 49, and the resulting catalyst regeneration gas is converted to catalyst regeneration gas
- Regenerative gas removal process adiabatic type The fixed bed reactor 45 is connected to a decompression device to remove internal catalyst regeneration gas, or is inert and non-flammable to the dehydration reaction such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor from the inert purge gas line 48.
- step (i) after the dehydration reaction is continued for a predetermined time, for example, until the desired catalytic activity is not obtained, the supply of raw materials is stopped, and then the step (ii) is performed.
- the reaction time per cycle from the start of supply of raw materials to the stop thereof is preferably about 5 to 30 minutes.
- the combustion heat of coke deposited on the dehydration reaction catalyst also contributes to an increase in the solid catalyst layer temperature.
- the catalyst regeneration gas after being used for the combustion removal of coke is discharged from the outlet of the adiabatic fixed bed reactor 45 through the regeneration off gas line 51.
- the catalyst regeneration gas heated to a high temperature is supplied to the adiabatic fixed bed reactor 45 until the solid catalyst layer 46 reaches a predetermined temperature while adjusting the temperature as necessary, and the solid catalyst layer 46 has a predetermined temperature. At this point, the supply of the catalyst regeneration gas heated to a high temperature is stopped, and the solid catalyst layer 46 is held at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time.
- the supply rate (kg / h) of catalyst regeneration gas per hour is usually 2 to 20 with respect to the supply rate (kg / h) of acetone supplied to the adiabatic fixed bed reactor 45 in step (i). Double is preferred.
- the flow direction of the catalyst regeneration gas may be the same flow direction as the raw material containing acetone in step (i) or may be the reverse direction.
- the regeneration time per cycle is usually 5 to 30 minutes.
- reaction heat required for the reaction step (i) above is supplied from the second cycle onward by the combustion gas and / or oxygen-containing gas supplied in the heating / regeneration step, and after the reaction step and after the heating / regeneration step.
- the change in sensible heat corresponding to the temperature difference of the solid catalyst layer 46 corresponds to the reaction heat necessary for the reaction step. Therefore, this temperature difference is proportional to the amount of acetone that reacts in one cycle of steps (i) to (iv).
- the amount of acetone reaction per cycle is adjusted by the heating temperature of the solid catalyst layer 46 in the heating / regeneration process.
- the temperature of the heating / regeneration process is preferably 10 to 50 ° C. higher than the reaction temperature, but the temperature of the catalyst regeneration gas supplied to the adiabatic fixed bed reactor 45 can be adjusted so as to be 750 ° C. or less. desirable.
- the temperature of the solid catalyst layer 46 can be controlled by the catalyst regeneration gas temperature, oxygen concentration, supply flow rate, aeration time, and the like. If the temperature of the solid catalyst layer 46 in the heating / regeneration process is too high, the yield may decrease due to the increase in thermal decomposition in the reaction process, and the short-term catalyst activity may decrease due to the increase in the coke deposition rate on the catalyst surface. Moreover, when the density
- the solid catalyst layer 46 is mixed by mixing a dehydration reaction catalyst and a dilution heat medium.
- the dilution heat medium may be solid particles that are inert to the reaction and thermally stable.
- ceramic materials such as alumina, zirconia, titania, zirconia ceramics, silica, quartz, silicon carbide, silicon nitride
- metal materials such as iron, nickel, titanium, zirconium, and chromium
- stainless steel materials such as SUS316, SUS316L, SUS304, and SUS310S
- ceramic materials such as ⁇ -alumina, zirconia ceramics, quartz, and silicon carbide are preferable.
- the raw material may be preheated. That is, the acetone conversion rate in the adiabatic fixed bed reactor 45 can be controlled also by the preheating temperature.
- the reaction rate can be increased by increasing the preheating temperature.
- the preheating temperature is too high, the yield of the target component decreases due to the increase in the thermal decomposition of acetone in the preheater 42, and the heating tube surface temperature of the preheater 42 increases. Ascending increases the coking speed to the inner surface of the tube, which may lead to a decrease in heat transfer efficiency in a short time.
- the supply of the raw material is stopped, the inside is replaced with an inert gas by supplying an inert gas such as nitrogen or water vapor, and then the oxygen-containing gas is used at a high temperature.
- the coke can be removed by combustion by supplying and heating.
- the dehydration reaction catalyst charged in the adiabatic fixed bed reactor 45 is preferably as low as possible in the aeration differential pressure, and the shape is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a cylindrical shape and a spherical shape. 10 mm is preferred.
- the configuration is the same as that in the case where the adiabatic fixed bed reactor is an adiabatic moving bed reactor, except that the adiabatic moving bed reactor is used. That is, the dehydration reaction catalyst is continuously or intermittently supplied from the upper part of the adiabatic moving bed reactor 66 and is supplied from the raw material supply line 61 and preheated by the preheater 62 while being moved below the catalyst moving bed 67 by gravity. The dehydration reaction proceeds by contacting with a raw material containing acetone, and a reaction mixture is obtained from the reaction mixture take-out line 68.
- the indirect heating furnace which uses the combustion gas supplied from the combustion gas supply line 63 and / or the combustion air supplied from the combustion air supply line 64 as a heating source is used. .
- the combustion gas and / or combustion air is heat-exchanged by the preheater 62 and is discharged from the preheater exhaust gas line 65.
- the adiabatic moving bed reactor 66 as the reaction proceeds, the temperature decreases toward the outlet and the reaction rate also decreases.
- the acetone conversion rate in the adiabatic moving bed reactor 66 can be adjusted by the preheating temperature.
- the acetone conversion can be increased by increasing the preheating temperature.
- the preheating temperature is preferably 750 ° C. or lower.
- the increase in preheating temperature per stage can be suppressed and the total acetone conversion can be increased.
- the number of stages arranged in series is preferably 2 to 10 stages.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of four stages.
- the moving direction of the catalyst moving layer 67 and the flow direction of the raw material may be a parallel flow or a counterflow (an example of counterflow is shown in FIG. 5).
- the catalyst may be circulated through each adiabatic moving bed reactor 66 and the catalyst regenerator 69, or downstream from the upstream reactor in the raw material flow direction.
- the catalyst may be moved toward the reactor through the spent catalyst transport pipe 73, and the catalyst may be transferred from the most downstream reactor to the catalyst regeneration tower 69, or vice versa.
- a counter-current system may be used in which the catalyst is transferred from the downstream reactor to the upstream reactor, and the catalyst is transferred from the most upstream reactor to the regeneration tower.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a parallel flow transfer method.
- the spent catalyst whose coke is attached and its activity is reduced is continuously or intermittently extracted from the bottom of the adiabatic moving bed reactor 66.
- the extracted catalyst is transported through the spent catalyst transport pipe 73 and supplied continuously or intermittently to the upper part of the catalyst regenerator 69. While the catalyst moves downward in the catalyst regenerator 69 due to gravity, the catalyst comes into contact with the heated oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas line 70 to the catalyst regenerator 69, and the deposited coke is burned off and regenerated.
- the regenerated catalyst is withdrawn continuously or intermittently from the bottom of the catalyst regenerator 69, conveyed through the regenerated catalyst transport pipe 72, and continuously or intermittently to the top of the adiabatic moving bed reactor 66. To be supplied.
- the oxygen-containing gas used in the catalyst regenerator 69 is discharged from the regeneration off gas line 74.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a counter flow system
- the supply of the raw material is stopped, the inside is replaced with an inert gas by supplying an inert gas such as nitrogen, water vapor, etc., and then an oxygen-containing gas at a high temperature.
- the coke can be removed by combustion by supplying and heating.
- the dehydration reaction catalyst heated in the reaction tower 82 flows together with a gas inert from the dehydration reaction such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ethane, and propane supplied from the catalyst transport gas line 85.
- a gas inert from the dehydration reaction such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ethane, and propane supplied from the catalyst transport gas line 85.
- a raw material containing acetone is supplied from the raw material supply line 81 to advance the dehydration reaction.
- the gas obtained after the reaction is taken out from the reaction mixture take-out line 84 as a reaction mixture.
- the necessary reaction heat is supplied by heat transfer caused by contact between the heated dehydration reaction catalyst and the raw material.
- a cyclone 83 is provided in the upper part of the reaction tower 82 to separate the dehydration reaction catalyst accompanying the reaction gas, and the dehydration reaction catalyst is returned to the reaction tower 82.
- the used catalyst is extracted from the reaction tower 82 via the used catalyst transport pipe 90.
- the extracted catalyst is supplied to the regeneration tower 88 and regenerated together with a non-flammable gas inert to the dehydration reaction such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and steam supplied from the catalyst transport gas line 85, and is recovered.
- the gas is recirculated to the reaction tower 82 through the regenerated catalyst transport pipe 91 together with a gas inert to the dehydration reaction, such as non-flammable.
- the spent catalyst on which coke is deposited and the high-temperature combustion gas supplied from the combustion gas supply line 86 and / or the high-temperature oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas line 87 are fluidized bed.
- the catalyst is regenerated by contacting in a state and removing coke by combustion, and the catalyst is heated by heat transfer from a high-temperature gas.
- a cyclone 83 is also provided in the upper portion of the regeneration tower 88 to separate the dehydration reaction catalyst from the regeneration tower outlet gas, and the dehydration reaction catalyst is returned to the regeneration tower 88.
- the regeneration tower outlet gas is discharged from the regeneration off gas line 89.
- a good fluidized bed is formed by using a solid catalyst having a particle size distribution of 10 to 500 ⁇ m and a static bulk density of 300 to 2000 kg / m 3 as a dehydration reaction catalyst.
- the fluidization regime is not particularly limited, but the FCC method (fluidized) with a gas flow rate of 2 to 20 m / s.
- a fast fluidization regime such as a riser portion of catalytic cracking may be formed, or a dense bed may be formed with a gas flow rate of 0.1 to 2 m / s.
- the dehydration reaction catalyst circulates through the reaction tower 82 and the regeneration tower 88 continuously or intermittently, and the acetone conversion rate in the reaction tower 82 can be adjusted by controlling the circulation amount and the temperature in the regeneration tower 83. If the heating temperature of the dehydration reaction catalyst in the regeneration tower 83 is too high, it will lead to thermal degradation of the dehydration reaction catalyst and an increase in the thermal decomposition reaction in the reaction tower 82. Therefore, it is preferably 20 to 50 ° C. higher than the reaction temperature. It is desirable to adjust the temperature of the combustion gas and / or the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the regeneration tower 88 so as to be not higher than ° C.
- the catalyst circulation rate (kg / h) per hour of the catalyst circulating through the reaction tower 82 and the regeneration tower 88 is 3 to 10 times the supply rate (kg / h) of acetone supplied from the raw material supply line 81. preferable.
- the reaction heat necessary for the dehydration reaction may be supplied by preheating the raw material with a preheater (not shown) in addition to the heating of the dehydration reaction catalyst described above. That is, the acetone conversion rate in the reaction tower 82 can be controlled by the preheating temperature of the raw material in addition to the heating of the catalyst. Acetone conversion can be increased by increasing the preheating temperature of the raw material. However, if the preheating temperature is too high, the yield of the target component is reduced due to the increase in the thermal decomposition of acetone in the preheater (heating furnace), and the raw material preheating furnace. As the heating tube surface temperature rises, the coking speed to the inner surface of the tube increases, and the heat transfer efficiency may be reduced in a short time.
- the supply of raw materials is stopped, the inside is replaced with an inert gas by supplying an inert gas such as nitrogen or water vapor, and then the oxygen-containing gas is removed at a high temperature.
- the coke can be removed by combustion by supplying and heating.
- the propyne / propadiene separation step of the present invention is a step of separating a mixture mainly composed of propyne and propadiene from the reaction mixture obtained in the dehydration reaction step.
- the reaction mixture obtained in the dehydration reaction step contains reaction products such as propyne, propadiene and water, and in addition to these, unreacted acetone, by-products and the like may be included.
- unreacted acetone is contained in the reaction mixture obtained in the dehydration reaction step, the unreacted mixture is separated into the remaining mixture obtained by separating the mixture mainly composed of propyne and propadiene from the reaction mixture. It is preferable to obtain a mixture containing unreacted acetone by separation so as to contain acetone.
- the water contained in the reaction mixture may be removed by subjecting the reaction mixture to dehydration before the separation, or may be contained in a mixture containing propyne and propadiene as main components.
- the separation is performed so as to be contained in the remaining mixture obtained by the separation, and the mixture is recovered as a mixture containing water.
- the main component in the mixture containing propyne and propadiene as the main components means that the total content of propyne and propadiene in the mixture is relative to the total content of propyne, propadiene, water and acetone in the mixture. It means 50% by weight or more.
- the separation method in the propyne / propadiene separation step is preferably distillation in view of processing efficiency and operation cost, and may be combined with known methods such as absorption, membrane separation, adsorption separation, and extraction separation as necessary.
- a distillation apparatus For example, a plate tower, a packed tower, a thin film evaporator, a flash evaporator, a centrifugal distillation apparatus etc. can be used, A plate tower and a packed tower are especially preferable. Distillation may be carried out continuously, batchwise or semi-batchwise, but preferably continuously.
- the operation pressure for distillation is preferably 50 to 1000 kPa (absolute pressure), and the operation temperature (the temperature at the bottom of the distillation column) depends on the operation pressure and the like, but is preferably 40 to 180 ° C.
- Distillation may be performed in the form of rectification in which a condenser is provided in the distillation apparatus, the gas from the top of the distillation column is cooled, and at least part of the resulting condensate is returned to the top of the column to perform reflux.
- the distillation apparatus may be provided with a reboiler for vaporizing a part of the liquid near the tower bottom.
- the number of theoretical plates is preferably 2 to 50, more preferably 5 to 30.
- the plate is not particularly limited and a known one can be used.
- a sieve tray, a ripple tray, a bubble cap tray, or the like can be used.
- the packing is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used, such as Raschig ring, Lessing ring, Dixon packing, pole Ring (Pall ring), saddle, sulzer packing, melapack, and the like.
- the mixture mainly composed of propyne and propadiene is separated from the reaction mixture obtained in the dehydration reaction step by allowing the mixture mainly composed of propyne and propadiene to flow out from the top of the distillation apparatus.
- the conditions are preferably set so that a mixture containing unreacted acetone and water can be recovered from the bottom of the distillation apparatus.
- the temperature of the reaction mixture obtained in the dehydration reaction step is preferably adjusted before distillation.
- a temperature control apparatus For example, a multitubular heat exchanger etc. can be used.
- the reaction mixture obtained in the dehydration reaction step is preferably subjected to distillation after the temperature is adjusted to ⁇ 50 to 180 ° C.
- the pressure during temperature adjustment is preferably 50 to 1200 kPa (absolute pressure).
- the mixture after temperature adjustment is subjected to distillation in the state of gas, liquid, or a mixture thereof.
- the mixture after temperature adjustment is a mixture of gas and liquid, and the liquid is mainly composed of water and the concentration of propyne and propadiene is low, only the gas obtained by gas-liquid separation of the mixture is subjected to distillation. Also good.
- the unreacted product obtained in the propyne / propadiene separation step is obtained from the viewpoint of economic improvement by recycling of raw materials. It is preferable to have an acetone circulation step of supplying at least a part of the acetone contained in the mixture containing acetone to the dehydration reaction step. The supply is carried out by subjecting the mixture containing unreacted acetone obtained in the propyne / propadiene separation step to, for example, distillation, stripping, etc. to separate a mixture containing acetone as a main component, and then at least the mixture. You may carry out by supplying a part.
- acetone and water can be performed, for example, by distillation.
- the propyne purification step of the present invention comprises the mixture of propyne and propadiene separated in the propyne / propadiene separation step as a main component, a liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture containing propyne as the main component, and propadiene as the main component. It is a process of separating into liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture.
- the separation method include absorption, distillation, extractive distillation, adsorption, and the like.
- the absorption method include a method in which a mixture containing propyne and propadiene as main components is brought into contact with a solvent. For the contact, for example, an absorption tower is used.
- the type of the absorption tower a packed tower, a wet wall tower, a spray tower, a cyclone scrubber, a bubble tower, a bubble stirring tank, a plate tower (bubble bell tower, perforated plate tower), a foam separation tower, and the like can be used.
- the pressure in absorption is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 900 kPa (absolute pressure), and the temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably ⁇ 50 to 100 ° C. If the mixture obtained in the separation process of propyne / propadiene contains non-condensable or volatile by-products and inert components brought in from the dehydration reaction process, this is circulated in the solvent to absorb propyne and propadiene in the solvent. Can be separated and recovered. Any solvent may be used as long as it dissolves propyne and propadiene. For example, N, N-dimethylformamide can be used.
- the extractive distillation can be performed, for example, according to the methods described in European Patent Publication No. 392601, European Patent Publication No. 533291 and European Patent Publication No. 533628.
- the solvent used for extractive distillation is not particularly limited as long as there is a difference in solubility between propyne and propadiene, but N, N-dimethylformamide is propyne resolution, economical efficiency, chemical stability, and industrial availability. From the viewpoint of easiness.
- the solvent used for the absorption can be used as it is as the solvent for the extractive distillation.
- the liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture mainly composed of propadiene is introduced from the top of the column.
- a solution containing propyne and a solvent as a main component is recovered.
- propadiene is contained in a solution containing propyne and a solvent as a main component, the solution is supplied to a diffusion tower, and the gas containing propadiene as a main component is released by heating, and propyne is the main component from the bottom of the tower.
- a propadiene diffusion step for obtaining a solution may be provided separately.
- the solution containing propyne and the solvent as a main component obtained by the extractive distillation may be further subjected to distillation, and is separated into a liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture and solvent containing propyne as a main component by such distillation, A high concentration of propyne can be obtained.
- the solvent recovered by the distillation can be recycled to the absorption or extractive distillation after being appropriately purified.
- the main component in the liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture containing propyne as the main component means that the amount of propyne contained in the liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture includes propyne contained in the liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture, and This means that it exceeds 50% by weight with respect to the total amount of propadiene, and the main component in the liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture mainly composed of propadiene is the amount of propadiene contained in the liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture. Means more than 50% by weight based on the total amount of propyne and propadiene contained in the liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture.
- the propadiene content in the liquid, gas, or gas-liquid mixture mainly composed of propyne subjected to the carbonylation reaction step is preferably 50 ppm by weight or less with respect to the total content of propyne and propadiene.
- the liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture mainly composed of propadiene obtained in the propyne purification step, or the gas mainly composed of propadiene obtained in the propadiene diffusion step is subjected to an isomerization reaction in the presence of an isomerization catalyst. Alternatively, it may be subjected to an isomerization reaction step to obtain a mixture mainly composed of propyne and propadiene.
- the ratio of propyne and propadiene contained in the raw material subjected to the isomerization reaction step is not particularly limited, but the weight ratio of propyne / propadiene is usually 1 or less.
- the weight ratio of propyne / propadiene in the isomerization reaction product coming out of the reactor depends on the reaction temperature and the residence time in the reactor, but is usually 3 or more, preferably 5 or more. It is preferable from the viewpoint of economy that the mixture containing propyne and propadiene as main components obtained in the isomerization reaction step is supplied to the propyne purification step.
- the isomerization catalyst include a solid acid catalyst and a solid base catalyst. From the viewpoint of isomerization ability, a solid base catalyst is preferable.
- the solid acid catalyst examples include alumina, silica-alumina, titania, zeolite, heteropolyacid, sulfate zirconia, and the like
- the solid base catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkali metal compounds.
- the alkali metal examples include potassium and cesium.
- the alkali metal compound examples include an alkali metal.
- alkali metal compounds potassium compounds are preferable from the viewpoint of isomerization ability.
- the support include silica, magnesia, and the like. From the viewpoint of isomerization ability, alumina is preferable. Of these, ⁇ -alumina is preferred.
- the support has an average pore radius of 4 .5 nm or more is preferable.
- the upper limit of the average pore radius is preferably 15 nm or less, and more preferably 10 nm or less.
- the average pore radius is a value obtained by measurement by a mercury intrusion method.
- the pore volume of the carrier is preferably 0.40 mL / g or more, and more preferably 0.50 mL / g or more.
- the upper limit of the pore volume is preferably 2.5 mL / g or less, and more preferably 1.5 mL / g or less.
- the pore volume is a value obtained by measurement by a mercury intrusion method.
- the specific surface area of the carrier is preferably 100 m 2 / g or more from the viewpoint of at least one loading amount selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkali metal compounds.
- the specific surface area is a value obtained by measurement by a nitrogen adsorption method (BET method), and is usually a value obtained by measurement by a BET one-point method.
- the catalyst is calcined after supporting at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkali metal compounds on the carrier. It is preferred to use the resulting catalyst.
- the isomerization reaction in the isomerization reaction step may be performed in a batch system, a semi-batch system, or a continuous system.
- the continuous reaction may be performed under liquid phase conditions or may be performed under gas phase conditions, and may be performed, for example, in a fixed bed flow system.
- the temperature in the isomerization is usually ⁇ 30 to 150 ° C. and preferably 0 to 100 ° C. in the case of a liquid phase reaction, and is usually 0 to 600 ° C. in the case of a gas phase reaction. It is preferable that it is 400 degreeC.
- the reaction pressure in isomerization is usually 0.1 to 10 MPa in the case of a liquid phase reaction, and is usually 0.001 to 1 MPa in the case of a gas phase reaction.
- the amount of the catalyst used in the isomerization reaction is preferably 0.0001 to 0.1 mol, based on 1 mol of propadiene, and is 0.001 to 0. More preferably, it is 05 mol.
- a diluent and / or a solvent may be used.
- the diluent and / or solvent include inorganic gases such as helium, nitrogen, and argon; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, and octane; and alicyclic groups such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane. Hydrocarbons; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; aprotic polar solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide, and the like. It can also be used.
- the isomerization reaction is preferably performed under conditions where water and carbon dioxide are substantially absent. Thereby, it can suppress that the activity of a catalyst falls.
- the liquid, gas or gas-liquid mixture mainly composed of propyne obtained in the propyne purification step is converted from a Group 8 metal element, a Group 9 metal element and a Group 10 metal element.
- a methacrylic acid ester is obtained by contacting with carbon monoxide and an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one selected from the group consisting of:
- the catalyst containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Group 8 metal elements, Group 9 metal elements and Group 10 metal elements used in the carbonylation reaction step includes Group 8 metal elements and Group 9 metal elements And a catalyst containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Group 10 metal elements, at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Group 8 metal elements, Group 9 metal elements, and Group 10 metal elements Including at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Group 8 metal elements, Group 9 metal elements and Group 10 metal elements, Group 8 metal elements, and Group 9 metal elements And a catalyst containing a compound of at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Group 10 metal elements.
- the Group 8 metal element include Fe, Ru, and Os.
- Examples of the Group 9 metal element include Co, Rh, and Ir.
- Examples of the Group 10 metal element include Ni, Pd, and Pt. .
- As the catalyst a catalyst containing a Group 10 metal element is preferable, and a catalyst containing a Group 10 metal element compound is more preferable.
- Examples of the Group 10 metal element compound include a nickel compound, a palladium compound, and a platinum compound, and a palladium compound is preferable.
- Such palladium compounds include palladium acetylacetonate, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium acetate, palladium acetate, palladium trifluoroacetate, palladium trifluoromethanesulfonate, palladium sulfate, palladium chloride and these Mention may be made of mixtures.
- the palladium compound is palladium acetylacetonate, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium acetate, palladium acetate, palladium trifluoroacetate, palladium trifluoromethanesulfonate, palladium sulfate and mixtures thereof. More preferably, it is palladium acetate.
- the amount of at least one selected from the group consisting of Group 8 metal elements, Group 9 metal elements and Group 10 metal elements is 1/200000 moles or less, preferably 1/1000000, based on 1 mole of propyne. It is in the range of ⁇ 1/200000 moles.
- the amount of propyne used is 200000 mol or more, preferably 200000 to 1000000, relative to 1 mol of at least one selected from the group consisting of Group 8 metal elements, Group 9 metal elements and Group 10 metal elements.
- the catalyst used in the carbonylation reaction step preferably further contains a protonic acid and a phosphine compound.
- a protonic acid and a phosphine compound include those exemplified in JP2010-209921, and can be used according to the method described in the publication.
- Specific examples of the amine compound include those exemplified in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-120921, and can be used according to the method described in the publication.
- the alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms used in the carbonylation reaction step include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and ethylene glycol.
- a form in which methyl methacrylate is produced by reacting with methanol can be mentioned.
- the amount of the alcohol used depends on the amount of water contained in the alcohol, and the water present in the reaction system is a Group 8 metal element, a Group 9 metal element and a 10th element contained in the catalyst present in the reaction system.
- water existing in the reaction system may be within the above range with respect to the total amount.
- the amount of water present in the reaction system is preferably adjusted by adjusting the amount of water contained in the alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the adjustment of the amount of water contained in the alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms may be performed by, for example, converting the alcohol into molecular sieve, alumina, silica gel, Na 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 , CuSO 4 , P 2 O 5 ,
- the treatment can be performed by treating with a desiccant such as CaH 2 , BaO, or CaO to reduce the amount of water contained in the alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the amount of water contained in the alcohol is preferably 1000 ppm by weight or less, more preferably 750 ppm by weight or less, further preferably 500 ppm by weight or less, and particularly preferably 100 ppm by weight or less.
- the amount of the alcohol used relative to 1 mol of propyne is preferably 1 mol or more, and preferably 1 to 5 mol.
- the use of a solvent is not essential, but the partial pressure of propyne / propadiene is preferably lowered, and preferably the alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is used in excess of the solvent instead of the solvent.
- the solvent that can be used include those exemplified in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-120921, which can be used according to the method described in the publication. From the viewpoint of ease of recycling, it is preferable to use alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in excess of the solvent.
- the temperature of the contact in the carbonylation reaction step is not particularly limited, but is preferably carried out in the range of 20 to 100 ° C.
- the contact time is usually 0.5 to 48 hours, although it depends on conditions such as the amount of catalyst used, temperature and pressure.
- the pressure in the contact is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 10 MPaG (gauge pressure), more preferably 1.0 to 7 MPaG (gauge pressure).
- the carbon monoxide partial pressure at this time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 10 MPaG (gauge pressure), more preferably 1.0 to 7 MPaG (gauge pressure).
- the liquid or gas mainly composed of propyne may contain propadiene or other impurities as long as the reaction is not significantly inhibited.
- the carbon monoxide used in the present invention may contain a catalyst or a gas inert to propyne, such as nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, and argon.
- the embodiment of the reaction of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a batch system or a continuous system.
- methacrylic acid ester obtained in the carbonylation reaction step include methacrylic acid esters such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Can do.
- the production method of the present invention preferably includes the following methacrylic acid ester purification step from the viewpoint of improving the methacrylic acid ester quality and economic efficiency by recycling the raw materials.
- the methacrylic acid ester purification step is performed by using unreacted propyne and unreacted carbon from a reaction mixture containing the methacrylic acid ester obtained in the carbonylation reaction step, unreacted propyne and unreacted alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. This is a step of recovering the alcohol of formulas 1 to 3 and purifying the methacrylic acid ester.
- the reaction mixture coming out of the carbonylation reaction step contains methacrylic acid ester, crotonic acid ester, unreacted alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, unreacted propyne, and catalyst as main components.
- the carbonylation reaction step is performed by supplying an excess amount of carbon monoxide to propyne, unreacted carbon monoxide is also recovered after the reaction, and at least a part of the recovered carbon monoxide is Although it may be recycled to the carbonylation reaction step, for example, by supplying carbon monoxide only in an amount which is converted into a methacrylic ester by reacting in one pass into the system, the contact time is increased, etc.
- the carbonylation reaction step it is preferable to carry out the carbonylation reaction step so that unreacted carbon monoxide does not appear and to omit the recycling of carbon monoxide.
- the crotonic acid ester contained in the reaction mixture is a by-product, and the product must be removed out of the system.
- the alcohol, propyne, and catalyst having 1 to 3 carbon atoms are preferably at least partially recycled.
- the method for separating propyne and the alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms from the reaction mixture is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include gas diffusion operation, distillation operation, extraction operation, or a combination thereof.
- the separation by distillation using the difference in boiling point or the extraction distillation using the difference in solubility in the extraction solvent is advantageous.
- first, components having a higher vapor pressure than methacrylic acid esters are separated by distillation.
- the component having a higher vapor pressure than methacrylic acid ester is, for example, propyne or an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the methacrylic acid ester is distilled, leaving a mixed liquid mainly composed of the crotonic acid ester and the catalyst at the bottom of the column.
- the mixed liquid mainly composed of a crotonic acid ester and a catalyst may be discarded, but at least one selected from the group consisting of a Group 8 metal element, a Group 9 metal element and a Group 10 metal element is usually expensive. It is preferable to recycle.
- the recycling method is not particularly limited, but usually only the amount corresponding to the amount of the crotonic acid ester generated in the carbonylation reaction step is removed from the mixture from the mixture mainly composed of the crotonic acid ester and the catalyst, and the rest is carbonylated. It is a method of recycling to the reaction process.
- the temperature of the methacrylic ester purification step is preferably 100 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of inhibiting polymerization of the methacrylic ester.
- a polymerization inhibitor may be added. Examples of the polymerization inhibitor include hydroquino
- the alcohol circulation step when the alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms obtained in the methacrylic acid ester purification step is recovered as a mixture, a high concentration of 1 to 3 carbon atoms is obtained by a purification operation such as distillation. You may supply at least one part of this alcohol to the said carbonylation reaction process after making it into alcohol.
- Example 1 When methyl methacrylate is produced using acetone, methanol, and carbon monoxide as raw materials, it can be optimally implemented, for example, according to the flow shown in FIG. 1 and the material balance shown in Table 1.
- Acetone (fluid number 1) 647 kg / h is supplied to the dehydration reaction step (A) together with 926 kg / h of the recycle fraction (fluid number 9) from the acetone circulation step (D), and in the presence of a potassium hydroxide supported silica catalyst.
- the obtained dehydration reaction mixture was supplied to the propyne / propadiene separation step (B), and cooled to condense a part thereof, whereby 461 kg / h of a gas mixture (fluid number 3) mainly composed of propyne and propadiene, It is separated into 1112 kg / h of a liquid mixture (fluid number 4) mainly composed of water and acetone.
- the gas mixture (fluid number 3) obtained in the propyne / propadiene separation step is supplied to the propyne purification step (C), and is cooled and distilled to form a gas mixture (fluid number 5) having a light boiling component as a main component (23 kg / h).
- a fraction containing propadiene as a main component (fluid number 6) 151 kg / h, a fine propyne (fluid number 7) 406 kg / h, and a fraction containing a high boiling component as a main component (fluid number 8) 32 kg / h And separated.
- the liquid mixture (fluid number 4) obtained in the propyne / propadiene separation step (B) is supplied to the acetone circulation step (D), and a recycle fraction mainly composed of acetone (fluid number 9) is 926 kg / h by distillation. And 186 kg / h of water (fluid number 10).
- the fraction (fluid number 6) mainly composed of propadiene obtained in the propyne purification step (C) is supplied to the isomerization reaction step (E) to isomerize propadiene in the presence of a potassium carbonate supported alumina catalyst.
- 151 kg / h of an isomerization reaction mixture (fluid number 11) mainly composed of propyne is obtained.
- the purified propyne (fluid number 7) obtained in the propyne purification step (C) includes methanol (fluid number 12) 322 kg / h, carbon monoxide (fluid number 13) 285 kg / h, and alcohol circulation step (H ) Is fed to the carbonylation reaction step (F) together with 666 kg / h of the recycle fraction (fluid number 19) obtained in the above step, and reacted in the presence of a palladium-based catalyst to contain 63.1% by weight of methyl methacrylate.
- the obtained carbonylation reaction mixture (fluid number 14) was supplied to the methacrylic acid ester purification step (G), and by distillation, a fraction containing methanol as the main component (fluid number 16) 671 kg / h and purified methacrylic acid It is separated into 1000 kg / h of methyl (fluid number 17) and 2 kg / h of a fraction (fluid number 18) mainly composed of high boiling components.
- the fraction mainly containing methanol obtained in the methacrylic acid ester purification step (G) is supplied to the alcohol circulation step (H), and is recycled by distillation to contain methanol as the main component and further contain propyne and methyl methacrylate. It is separated into a fraction (fluid number 19) of 666 kg / h and a fraction (fluid number 20) of 5 kg / h mainly composed of impurities introduced from the carbonylation reaction raw material.
- Reference example 1 Silica powder carrier [SiO 2, Tosoh Silica Corp., NIPSIL ER-R] was used.
- liquid acetone (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) is supplied from the inlet of the reaction tube by a pump and gasified [acetone gas supply rate: 34.2 ml / min (0.092 mol / h), supplied The acetone concentration in the gas: 92.7% by volume], and the reaction was started at a reaction pressure of 0.008 MPa.
- the ratio of total gas flow rate to catalyst volume (GHSV) was 351 h ⁇ 1 .
- the gas supply rate (ml / min) is a converted value of 0 ° C. and 1 atm (101.325 kPa) unless otherwise specified.
- the temperature of the catalyst layer is maintained at 650 ° C. ⁇ 8 ° C., and when 60 minutes have elapsed from the start of the reaction, the reactor outlet gas is collected with a gas tight syringe and subjected to gas chromatography having an FID detector. Furthermore, after filling the reactor outlet gas into the sampling loop, each product was quantified by online analysis with a gas chromatography having a TCD detector. Next, the trap made of SUS connected to the outlet of the reaction tube is cooled in an ethanol / dry ice bath, and acetone and high-boiling components are condensed and recovered, and then the obtained condensate is subjected to gas chromatography having an FID detector. And acetone and high-boiling components were quantified. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the selectivity (%) of each product was calculated using the following formula (ii).
- Selectivity of each product (%) [Production rate of each product in reactor outlet gas (mol / h) ⁇ Total production rate of all products in reactor outlet gas (mol / h)] ⁇ 100 (ii )
- the products are propyne, propadiene, methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, propylene, propane, isobutylene, 2-methyl-1-penten-3-yne, 2-hexene-4-yne, 4-methyl- 3-penten-2-one, 4-methyl-4-penten-2-one, 2-methylfuran, methylcyclopentadiene, 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, phenol, methylphenol, It refers to 3,5-dimethylphenol, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
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Abstract
Description
脱水反応工程:脱水反応触媒の存在下にアセトンを脱水反応させてプロピン、プロパジエン及び水を含む反応混合物を得る工程
プロピン・プロパジエン分離工程:前記脱水反応工程で得られた反応混合物から、プロピン及びプロパジエンを主成分とする混合物を分離する工程
プロピン精製工程:前記プロピン・プロパジエン分離工程で分離されたプロピン及びプロパジエンを主成分とする混合物を、プロピンを主成分とする液体、ガス又は気液混合物と、プロパジエンを主成分とする液体、ガス又は気液混合物とに分離する工程
カルボニル化反応工程:前記プロピン精製工程で得られたプロピンを主成分とする液体、ガス又は気液混合物を、第8族金属元素、第9族金属元素及び第10族金属元素からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む触媒の存在下、一酸化炭素及び炭素数1~3のアルコールと接触させてメタクリル酸エステルを得る工程
(2)前記脱水反応触媒が、ケイ素と、第1族金属元素及び第2族金属元素からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種とを含有する触媒である前記(1)に記載の製造方法。
(3)前記脱水反応工程における反応混合物がさらに未反応のアセトンを含み、前記プロピン・プロパジエン分離工程において、プロピン及びプロパジエンを主成分とする混合物を分離することにより、未反応のアセトンを含む混合物を得る前記(1)又は(2)に記載の製造方法。
(4)下記の工程をさらに含む前記(3)に記載の製造方法。
アセトン循環工程:前記プロピン・プロパジエン分離工程で得られた未反応のアセトンを含む混合物に含まれるアセトンの少なくとも一部を前記脱水反応工程に供給する工程
(5)下記の工程をさらに含む前記(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
異性化反応工程:前記プロピン精製工程で得られたプロパジエンを主成分とする液体、ガス又は気液混合物を、異性化触媒の存在下に異性化させ、プロピン及びプロパジエンを主成分とする混合物を得る工程
(6)下記の工程をさらに含む前記(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
メタクリル酸エステル精製工程:前記カルボニル化反応工程で得られたメタクリル酸エステル、未反応のプロピン及び未反応の炭素数1~3のアルコールを含む反応混合物から、プロピン及び炭素数1~3のアルコールを回収すると共に、メタクリル酸エステルを精製する工程
(7)下記の工程をさらに含む前記(6)に記載の製造方法。
アルコール循環工程:前記メタクリル酸エステル精製工程で得られた炭素数1~3のアルコールの少なくとも一部を前記カルボニル化反応工程に供給する工程
(Li2O・nSiO2、n=1~4[モル比])、ケイ酸ナトリウム(Na2O・nSiO2、n=1~4[モル比])、ケイ酸カリウム(K2O・nSiO2、n=1~4[モル比])、ケイ酸ルビジウム(Rb2O・nSiO2、n=1~4[モル比])、ケイ酸セシウム(Cs2O・nSiO2、n=1~4[モル比])等が挙げられる。前記第2族金属元素のケイ酸塩としては、ケイ酸マグネシウム
(MgO・nSiO2、n=1~4[モル比])、ケイ酸カルシウム(CaO・nSiO2、n=1~4[モル比])、ケイ酸ストロンチウム(SrO・nSiO2、n=1~4[モル比])、ケイ酸バリウム(BaO・nSiO2、n=1~4[モル比])等が挙げられる。
(Li3PO4)、ホウ酸リチウム(Li3BO3)、次亜塩素酸リチウム(LiClO)、亜塩素酸リチウム(LiClO2)、塩素酸リチウム(LiClO3)、過塩素酸リチウム(LiClO4)等のオキソ酸塩、酸化リチウム(Li2O)、過酸化リチウム(Li2O2)、水酸化リチウム(LiOH)等の酸化物及び水酸化物、酢酸リチウム(CH3COOLi)、クエン酸リチウム等の有機酸塩、水素化リチウム(LiH)、硫化リチウム(Li2S)、硫化水素リチウム(水硫化リチウム)(LiHS)、水素化ホウ素リチウム(LiBH4)等が挙げられ、それらの水和物が存在する場合は水和物も用いることができる。また、必要に応じて、それらの2種以上を用いてもよい。
(K2SO4)、硫酸水素カリウム(KHSO4)、亜硫酸カリウム(K2SO3)、亜硫酸水素カリウム(KHSO3)、硝酸カリウム(KNO3)、亜硝酸カリウム(KNO2)、チオ硫酸カリウム(K2S2O3)、ケイ酸カリウム(K2O・nSiO2、n=1~4[モル比])、リン酸三カリウム(K3PO4)、ホウ酸カリウム(K3BO3)、次亜塩素酸カリウム(KClO)、亜塩素酸カリウム
(KClO2)、塩素酸カリウム(KClO3)、過塩素酸カリウム(KClO4)等のオキソ酸塩、酸化カリウム(K2O)、過酸化カリウム(K2O2)、水酸化カリウム(KOH)等の酸化物及び水酸化物、酢酸カリウム(CH3COOK)、クエン酸カリウム等の有機酸塩、水素化カリウム(KH)、硫化カリウム(K2S)、硫化水素カリウム(水硫化カリウム)(KHS)、水素化ホウ素カリウム
(KBH4)等が挙げられ、それらの水和物が存在する場合は水和物も用いることができる。また、必要に応じて、それらの2種以上を用いてもよい。
(RbCl)、臭化ルビジウム(RbBr)、ヨウ化ルビジウム(RbI)等のハロゲン化ルビジウム、炭酸ルビジウム(Rb2CO3)、炭酸水素ルビジウム(RbHCO3)、硫酸ルビジウム(Rb2SO4)、硫酸水素ルビジウム
(RbHSO4)、亜硫酸ルビジウム(Rb2SO3)、亜硫酸水素ルビジウム(RbHSO3)、硝酸ルビジウム(RbNO3)、亜硝酸ルビジウム(RbNO2)、チオ硫酸ルビジウム(Rb2S2O3)、ケイ酸ルビジウム(Rb2O・nSiO2、n=1~4[モル比])、リン酸三ルビジウム(Rb3PO4)、ホウ酸ルビジウム(Rb3BO3)、次亜塩素酸ルビジウム(RbClO)、亜塩素酸ルビジウム(RbClO2)、塩素酸ルビジウム(RbClO3)、過塩素酸ルビジウム(RbClO4)等のオキソ酸塩、酸化ルビジウム(Rb2O)、過酸化ルビジウム(Rb2O2)、水酸化ルビジウム(RbOH)等の酸化物及び水酸化物、酢酸ルビジウム(CH3COORb)、クエン酸ルビジウム等の有機酸塩、水素化ルビジウム(RbH)、硫化ルビジウム(Rb2S)、硫化水素ルビジウム(水硫化ルビジウム)(RbHS)、水素化ホウ素ルビジウム(RbBH4)等が挙げられ、それらの水和物が存在する場合は水和物も用いることができる。また、必要に応じて、それらの2種以上を用いてもよい。
(Cs2SO3)、亜硫酸水素セシウム(CsHSO3)、硝酸セシウム(CsNO3)、亜硝酸セシウム(CsNO2)、チオ硫酸セシウム(Cs2S2O3)、ケイ酸セシウム(Cs2O・nSiO2、n=1~4[モル比])、リン酸三セシウム(Cs3PO4)、ホウ酸セシウム(Cs3BO3)、次亜塩素酸セシウム(CsClO)、亜塩素酸セシウム(CsClO2)、塩素酸セシウム(CsClO3)、過塩素酸セシウム(CsClO4)等のオキソ酸塩、酸化セシウム(Cs2O)、過酸化セシウム(Cs2O2)、水酸化セシウム(CsOH)等の酸化物及び水酸化物、酢酸セシウム(CH3COOCs)、クエン酸セシウム等の有機酸塩、水素化セシウム(CsH)、硫化セシウム(Cs2S)、硫化水素セシウム(水硫化セシウム)(CsHS)、水素化ホウ素セシウム(CsBH4)等が挙げられ、それらの水和物が存在する場合は水和物も用いることができる。また、必要に応じて、それらの2種以上を用いてもよい。
(SrO)、過酸化ストロンチウム(SrO2)、水酸化ストロンチウム
(Sr(OH)2)等の酸化物及び水酸化物、酢酸ストロンチウム(Sr(CH3COO)2)、クエン酸ストロンチウム等の有機酸塩、水素化ストロンチウム(SrH2)、硫化ストロンチウム(SrS)等が挙げられ、それらの水和物が存在する場合は水和物も用いることができる。また、必要に応じて、それらの2種以上を用いてもよい。
(BaCl2)、臭化バリウム(BaBr2)、ヨウ化ストロチウム(BaI2)等のハロゲン化バリウム、炭酸バリウム(BaCO3)、硫酸バリウム
(BaSO4)、亜硫酸バリウム(BaSO3)、硝酸バリウム(Ba(NO3)2)、亜硝酸バリウム(Ba(NO2)2)、チオ硫酸バリウム(BaS2O3)、ケイ酸バリウム(BaO・nSiO2、n=1=4[モル比])、リン酸バリウム(BaHPO4)、ホウ酸バリウム(BaB2O4)等のオキソ酸塩、酸化バリウム(BaO)、過酸化バリウム(BaO2)、水酸化バリウム(Ba(OH)2)等の酸化物及び水酸化物、酢酸バリウム(Ba(CH3COO)2)、クエン酸バリウム等の有機酸塩、水素化バリウム(BaH2)、硫化バリウム(BaS)等が挙げられ、それらの水和物が存在する場合は水和物も用いることができる。また、必要に応じて、それらの2種以上を用いてもよい。
250~1000℃、より好ましくは400~800℃である。反応温度が200℃よりも低いと反応速度及び化学平衡の面から脱水反応が進行し難くなるおそれがあり、一方、反応温度が1200℃よりも高いと触媒の活性劣化を引き起こすおそれがある。
(i)反応工程:原料供給ライン41から供給されるアセトンを含む原料を、燃焼ガス供給ライン43から供給される燃焼ガス及び/又は酸素含有ガスライン44から供給される酸素含有ガスにて加熱した予熱器42にて間接加熱した後、予め所定の温度に加熱した固体触媒層46を有する断熱式固定床反応器45へ供給し、脱水反応触媒との接触によりアセトンを脱水反応させ、反応混合物取り出しライン47から反応混合物を得る工程
(ii)可燃性ガス除去工程:断熱式固定床反応器45の内部を、減圧装置に接続し、内部の可燃性ガスを除去する工程、あるいは、イナート・パージガスライン48から窒素、二酸化炭素、水蒸気等の前記脱水反応に不活性かつ非可燃性のガスを供給することにより断熱式固定床反応器45の内部を不活性ガスで置換する工程
(iii)加熱・再生工程:燃焼ガス及び/又は酸素含有ガスを触媒再生用加熱炉49にて反応温度よりも高温に加熱し、得られた触媒再生ガスを触媒再生ガス供給ライン50から断熱式固定床反応器45に供給し、固体触媒層46を加熱するとともに、脱水反応触媒に析出したコークを燃焼除去し触媒を再生する工程
(iv)再生ガス除去工程:断熱式固定床反応器45を、減圧装置に接続し、内部の触媒再生ガスを除去する工程、あるいは、イナート・パージガスライン48から窒素、二酸化炭素、水蒸気等の前記脱水反応に不活性かつ非可燃性のガスを供給することにより断熱式固定床反応器45の内部を不活性ガスで置換する工程
(fluidization regime)としては、特に限定されないが、ガス流速を2~20m/sとしてFCC方式(fluidized
catalytic cracking)のRiser部のような高速希薄流動層(fast fluidization regime)を形成してもよいし、ガス流速を0.1~2m/sとして濃厚層(dense bed)を形成してもよい。
(Raschig ring)、レッシングリング(Lessing ring)、ディクソンパッキン(Dixonpacking)、ポールリング(Pall
ring)、サドル、スルザーパッキン(Sulzer packing)、メラパック等を使用することができる。蒸留による分離を行う場合、蒸留装置の塔頂からプロピン及びプロパジエンを主成分とする混合物を流出させることにより、前記脱水反応工程で得られた反応混合物からプロピン及びプロパジエンを主成分とする混合物を分離し、蒸留装置の塔底から未反応のアセトン及び水を含む混合物が回収できるように条件を設定するのが好ましい。
1/1000000~1/200000モルの範囲である。すなわち、プロピンの使用量が、第8族金属元素、第9族金属元素及び第10族金属元素からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の1モルに対して200000モル以上であり、好ましくは200000~1000000モルの範囲である。前記触媒に二種以上の金属元素が含まれる場合、その合計使用量が前記範囲となればよい。
CaH2、BaO、CaO等の乾燥剤で処理し、炭素数1~3のアルコールに含まれる水分量を低減させることにより行うことができる。該アルコールに含まれる水分量は、1000重量ppm以下が好ましく、750重量ppm以下がより好ましく、500重量ppm以下がさらに好ましく、100重量ppm以下が特に好ましい。プロピン1モルに対する該アルコールの使用量は、1モル以上が好ましく、1~5モルが好ましい。
B:プロピン・プロパジエン分離工程
C:プロピン精製工程
D:アセトン循環工程
E:異性化反応工程
F:カルボニル化反応工程
G:メタクリル酸エステル精製工程
H:アルコール循環工程
1、21、41、61、81:原料供給ライン
2、31、44、70、87:酸素含有ガスライン
3、29、48:イナート・パージガスライン
4:反応後ガス取り出しライン
5、42、62:予熱器
6、23、43、63、86:燃焼ガス供給ライン
7、24、64:燃焼エアー供給ライン
8、65:予熱器排ガスライン
9:予熱後原料ガス供給ライン
10、45:断熱式固定床反応器
11、27、46:固体触媒層
12、28、47、68、84:反応混合物取り出しライン
22:加熱炉
25:加熱炉排ガスライン
26:固定床反応管
30、51、74、89:再生オフガスライン
49:触媒再生用加熱炉
50:触媒再生ガス供給ライン
66:断熱式移動床反応器
67:触媒移動層
69:触媒再生器
71:補充用触媒供給ライン
72、91:再生済触媒輸送管
73、90:使用済触媒輸送管
82:反応塔
83:サイクロン
85:触媒輸送ガスライン
88:再生塔
アセトン、メタノール及び一酸化炭素を原料としてメタクリル酸メチルを製造する場合、例えば、図1のフローと表1の物質収支により最適に実施することができる。
<触媒の製造>
担体にシリカ粉末〔SiO2、東ソー・シリカ(株)製、NIPSIL ER−R〕を用いた。担体20.0gに、ケイ酸カリウム溶液〔和光純薬工業(株)製、K2O・3.9SiO2(SiO2/K2O=3.9[モル比])の水溶液、
K2O・3.9SiO2含有量:28.1重量%〕4.6gを純水35.0gと混合して調製した水溶液を含浸させ、20~30℃で15時間以上風乾した。得られた固体を、プレス成形し、空気流通下、室温から200℃まで0.5時間かけて昇温した後、同温度で2時間保持して焼成した。次いで、得られた焼成物を、0.85~1.4mmの顆粒状に破砕し、ケイ酸カリウムがシリカに担持されてなる触媒(ケイ酸カリウム含有量:6.1重量%)を得た。
外径4mmの温度計鞘管が設けられた内径14mmの石英製の反応管の下部に石英ウールを仕切り剤として充填し、SiCを7.1mL充填後、さらに石英ウールを仕切り剤として充填し、ついで得られた触媒2.4g(体積6.3mL)を充填後、さらに石英ウールを仕切り剤として充填し、ついでSiCを12.7mL充填した。
触媒充填済みの反応管の入口から窒素ガスを2.7ml/分の速度で反応管内に供給しながら、ダイヤフラムポンプを用いて反応管内を0.01MPa以下に減圧した後、反応管を電気炉で加熱し、昇温した。
(0.092mol/h)、供給ガス中のアセトン濃度:92.7体積%〕、反応圧力0.008MPaにて反応を開始した。触媒体積に対する全ガス流量の比(GHSV)は351h−1であった。なお、ガスの供給速度を表す(ml/分)は、特別に断らない限り、0℃、1atm(101.325kPa)の換算値である。
アセトンの転化率(%)=[b/(a+b)]×100 (i)
a:反応器出口ガスにおけるアセトン流量(mol/h)
b:反応管出口ガスにおける全生成物の合計生成速度(mol/h)
各生成物の選択率(%)=〔反応器出口ガスにおける各生成物の生成速度(mol/h)÷反応器出口ガスにおける全生成物の合計生成速度(mol/h)〕×100 (ii)
ここで、生成物とは、プロピン、プロパジエン、メタン、エタン、エチレン、アセチレン、プロピレン、プロパン、イソブチレン、2−メチル−1−ペンテン−3−イン、2−ヘキセン−4−イン、4−メチル−3−ペンテン−2−オン、4−メチル−4−ペンテン−2−オン、2−メチルフラン、メチルシクロペンタジエン、3,5,5−トリメチル−2−シクロヘキセン−1−オン、フェノール、メチルフェノール、3,5−ジメチルフェノール、一酸化炭素及び二酸化炭素をいう。
Claims (7)
- 下記の工程を含むメタクリル酸エステルの製造方法。
脱水反応工程:脱水反応触媒の存在下にアセトンを脱水反応させてプロピン、プロパジエン及び水を含む反応混合物を得る工程
プロピン・プロパジエン分離工程:前記脱水反応工程で得られた反応混合物から、プロピン及びプロパジエンを主成分とする混合物を分離する工程
プロピン精製工程:前記プロピン・プロパジエン分離工程で分離されたプロピン及びプロパジエンを主成分とする混合物を、プロピンを主成分とする液体、ガス又は気液混合物と、プロパジエンを主成分とする液体、ガス又は気液混合物とに分離する工程
カルボニル化反応工程:前記プロピン精製工程で得られたプロピンを主成分とする液体、ガス又は気液混合物を、第8族金属元素、第9族金属元素及び第10族金属元素からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む触媒の存在下、一酸化炭素及び炭素数1~3のアルコールと接触させてメタクリル酸エステルを得る工程 - 前記脱水反応触媒が、ケイ素と、第1族金属元素及び第2族金属元素からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種とを含有する触媒である請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記脱水反応工程における反応混合物がさらに未反応のアセトンを含み、前記プロピン・プロパジエン分離工程において、プロピン及びプロパジエンを主成分とする混合物を分離することにより、未反応のアセトンを含む混合物を得る請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 下記の工程をさらに含む請求項3に記載の製造方法。
アセトン循環工程:前記プロピン・プロパジエン分離工程で得られた未反応のアセトンを含む混合物に含まれるアセトンの少なくとも一部を前記脱水反応工程に供給する工程 - 下記の工程をさらに含む請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
異性化反応工程:前記プロピン精製工程で得られたプロパジエンを主成分とする液体、ガス又は気液混合物を、異性化触媒の存在下に異性化させ、プロピン及びプロパジエンを主成分とする混合物を得る工程 - 下記の工程をさらに含む請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
メタクリル酸エステル精製工程:前記カルボニル化反応工程で得られたメタクリル酸エステル、未反応のプロピン及び未反応の炭素数1~3のアルコールを含む反応混合物から、プロピン及び炭素数1~3のアルコールを回収すると共に、メタクリル酸エステルを精製する工程 - 下記の工程をさらに含む請求項6に記載の製造方法。
アルコール循環工程:前記メタクリル酸エステル精製工程で得られた炭素数1~3のアルコールの少なくとも一部を前記カルボニル化反応工程に供給する工程
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EP14775559.9A EP2960228B1 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-19 | Method for producing methacrylic acid ester |
KR1020157030257A KR20150133264A (ko) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-19 | 메타크릴산 에스테르의 제조 방법 |
US14/780,232 US9682915B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-19 | Method for producing methacrylic acid ester |
SG11201507992YA SG11201507992YA (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-19 | Method for producing methacrylic acid ester |
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- 2013-03-26 JP JP2013063491A patent/JP6085206B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2014-03-19 CN CN201480029648.XA patent/CN105228977B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-03-19 WO PCT/JP2014/058707 patent/WO2014157432A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-03-19 SG SG11201507992YA patent/SG11201507992YA/en unknown
- 2014-03-19 EP EP14775559.9A patent/EP2960228B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2014-03-19 KR KR1020157030257A patent/KR20150133264A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-03-19 US US14/780,232 patent/US9682915B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20150133264A (ko) | 2015-11-27 |
US9682915B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 |
EP2960228A4 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
CN105228977B (zh) | 2017-11-10 |
CN105228977A (zh) | 2016-01-06 |
JP2014189490A (ja) | 2014-10-06 |
EP2960228A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
TW201446733A (zh) | 2014-12-16 |
EP2960228B1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
SG11201507992YA (en) | 2015-10-29 |
JP6085206B2 (ja) | 2017-02-22 |
US20160039738A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
TWI610914B (zh) | 2018-01-11 |
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